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Assignment: Digital Design

DLD Lab Manual

Submitted to: Prof. Abid Ali Dogar

Submitted By: Muhammad Aqib Irshad
BSCS- C
Semester-III
Roll#101

Department of Computer Science

Minhaj University Lahore
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VERIFICATION OF GATES USING ICs

EXPERIMENT: 1
AND-GATE
Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer with breadboard
IC 7408
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition:
A Logical AND gate takes two inputs and gives high output (1) only when both inputs are
high (1).

- IC Configuration:

- Gate Symbol:

- Truth Table:
A B A.B
0 0 0
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
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Working Procedure:
 Fix the required IC (AND) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin to Vcc point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect a wire from 7th pin to ground point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect two inputs from 1st and 2nd pin to the input points section below
using two wires. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 3th pin to the output point at top right corner of
Trainer.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
AND is useful when we need high output only when two high inputs are given. It is used in
digital circuits as inhibit and Enable gate to allow or disallow data through channel.

EXPERIMENT: 2
OR-GATE
Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer
IC 7432
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition
A Logical OR gate takes two inputs and gives low output (0) when both inputs are low (0).

- IC Configuration:
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- Gate Symbol

- Truth Table
A B A+B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required IC (OR) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin to Vcc point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect a wire from 7th pin to ground point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect two inputs from 1st and 2nd pins (can use others also) to the input
points section below using two wires. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 3th pin to the output point at top right corner of
Trainer.
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 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
OR is useful when we need low output only when two low inputs are given. It is used in digital
circuits to detect the occurrence of one or more events to take decision based on the occurrence
like in industrial plant, protective measures would be taken if some parameters of plant exceeds
the safe value.

EXPERIMENT: 3
NOT-GATE

Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer
IC 7404
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition
A Logical NOT gate takes one input and gives inverted (reversed) output.

- IC Configuration:
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- Gate Symbol

- Truth Table
A A
0 1
1 0

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required IC (NOT) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin to Vcc point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect a wire from 7th pin to ground point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect one inputs from 1st pin to the input points section below using a
wire. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 2nd pin to the output point at top right corner of
Trainer.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
NOT is useful when we need to invert or reverse the output. It is used in digital circuits like to
generate square wave oscillators.

EXPERIMENT: 4
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NAND

Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer
IC 7400
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition:
A Logical NAND gate inverts the output of AND gate using NOT gate.

- IC Configuration:

- Gate Symbol:
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- Truth Table:
A B A.B
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required ICs (AND-NOT) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin of AND to 14th pin of NOT and then lead it to
the Vcc point on the Digital Trainer using another wire (Biasing).
 Connect a wire from 7th pin of AND to the 7th pin of NOT and then lead it to
the ground point on the Digital Trainer using another wire (Biasing).
 Connect two inputs from 1st and 2nd pin to the input points section below
using two wires. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 3th pin to the input pin (1st) of NOT and then
connect 2nd pin (Output) of NOT to the output on the trainer.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
NAND is useful when we need to invert or reverse the output of a AND Gate. It is used in digital
circuits to detect if a single input to a digital system has gone low like in a simple security
system NAND gates could be used to monitor the status of sensors connected to windows or
doors.
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EXPERIMENT: 5
NOR

Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer
IC 7402
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition:
A Logical NOR gate takes inverts the output of OR gate using NOT.

- IC Configuration:

- Gate Symbol:
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- Truth Table:
A B A+ B
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required ICs (OR-NOT) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin of OR to 14th pin of NOT and then lead it to the
Vcc point on the Digital Trainer using another wire (Biasing).
 Connect a wire from 7th pin of OR to the 7th pin of NOT and then lead it to
the ground point on the Digital Trainer using another wire (Biasing).
 Connect two inputs from 1st and 2nd pin to the input points section below
using two wires. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 3th pin of OR IC to the input pin (1st) of NOT and
then connect 2nd pin (Output) of NOT to the output on the trainer.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
NOR gate is used when we need to invert the output of OR Gate. NOR gate is used to build Ex-
OR gate and is used in some real time applications like “Mix Tank”.
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EXPERIMENT: 5
XOR

Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer
IC 7486
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition:
A Logical XOR gate takes two inputs and then gives high (1) output whenever inputs are
opposite.

- IC Configuration:

- Gate Symbol:
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- Truth Table:
A B A⊕B
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required IC (XOR) over the breadboard.
 Connect a wire from 14th pin to Vcc point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect a wire from 7th pin to ground point on the Digital Trainer.
 Connect two inputs from 1st and 2nd pins (can use others also) to the input
points section below using two wires. (Take guidance from configuration)
 Connect one output from 3th pin to the output point at top right corner of
Trainer.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
XOR is useful when we need low output when two high inputs are given. It is used in digital
circuits for half and full adder implementations.
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Note: We can also make XOR using two AND Gates with
one OR Gate satisfying this equation:
A .B + B.A

EXPERIMENT: 6
FULL-ADDER
Apparatus:
Digital Logic Trainer with breadboard
IC 7408, IC 7436, IC 7486
Couple of wires

Theory:
- Definition:
Full Adder adds 3 inputs and produces two outputs. The first two inputs are A and B and
the third input is an input carry as C IN. The output carry (C OUT) and the normal output is S
which is SUM.

- Symbolic Diagram:
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- Truth Table:
Inputs Outputs
A B Cin Sum Cout
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1

Working Procedure:
 Fix the required ICs (AND, OR and XOR) over the breadboard.
 Biased all of them as mentioned above.
 Connect two inputs using two wires in one of the gates in XOR IC and then
connect the output in the input of subsequent XOR gate in IC.
 Provide second input as Cin and then connect the output with output section
of the trainer.
 Now, using some wires provide the same inputs (Output of A, B and Cin) to
one of the 4 AND gates.
 Then connect A and B as inputs for subsequent AND gate in IC.
 Provide two inputs to the OR Gate (both the outputs of both AND Gates).
Also Provide output wire to the output section as Cout.
 Now, Apply different inputs combinations and match the output in truth
table.

Conclusion:
Full adder uses three inputs and gives two outputs sum and carry. It is used in ALU (Arithmetic
and Logic Unit) as well as in other circuits like ripple carry adder which adds n bits
simultaneously.

THE END