Battle of Europe: Royal Air Forces

Battle of Europe
Royal Air Forces
Manual
Missions Description
Reference
1
Contents
Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
System requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Game interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
How to play: interface and main controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18
Scores: how to get and to use them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
System of bonuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24
Appendix A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Appendix B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
Appendix C . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30
Appendix D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .43
Credits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
2
Introduction
“Today I received a notification. They appreciated my experien-
ce and amount of hours, which I spent in the air, and as a result
I’m enrolled in the elite squadron of the Royal Air Forces.
Tomorrow we must leave Canada and reach our first dislocation.
I’m a little bit surprised by such a fast distribution, but I
should admit I was ready for that. Of course, it’s pity to leave
here home and friends, but it’s my duty – to make my contribution
in was against Nazism…”
Battle of Europe is an action arcade, which turns you into a

pilot of various World War II fighting planes. Using machine
guns, bombs, torpedoes, rockets and involving your flight and
strategic skills you will complete 16 breathtaking missions,
destroying enemy aircraft and strategic objects.
Battle of Europe includes:

- 16 historically based missions, including tutorial and
various bonus missions
- about 180 models: 21 planes, 18 bases, 5 ships, about 30 vehi-
cles, armament, settlements, etc.
- aerodromes, landscapes of South England, Germany, Norway,
France, Spain
- breathtaking gameplay with different difficulty levels from
easy to hard
- system of bonuses (bonuses for destroyed objects, special
maneuvers, etc.)
Battle of Europe features:

- 3D graphic (including vivid water rendering and sky reflec-
tions), realistic perspective from the air
- different weather and daytime conditions (clouds, rain, sunny
weather, sun flare, night sky)
- dazzling visual effects (blasts and burning of objects, smoke,
trains of rockets and torpedoes)
- 8 camera modes, which allow you to survey entire battlefield
3
and even planes fuselage from outside
- various camera effects (TV-camera emulation, camera trem-
bling during explosions, dynamic zoom)
- auto targeting
- intuitive interface with easy-to-change game controls
- options, which can be changed and saved for each pilot sepa-
rately
- keyboard and mouse/joystick controls (force feedback support)
4
System requirements
Recommended:
Pentium IV, 512+ RAM,
600 Mb HD for full installation,
AGP GeForce 3+ or ATI Radeon 8500+, 128 Mb RAM
Sound card
CD-ROM (Installation)
Windows 98 / Me / 2000 / XP
DirectX 9.0c
Installation
1. It is recommended to quit all applications before installation.
2. Place Battle of Europe CD into your CD-ROM drive and wait for a
few moments. The autostart installation screen will appear.
Please note: if autorun option is disabled in your operational

system, the autostart installation window will not appear. You
can run it manually, double clicking My Computer CD-ROM icon
Autorun.exe.
3. Follow instructions of the installation wizard to install the

game on your computer.
5
Support
www.blackbeangames.com - support
6
Controls
Pitch Down = UP ARROW
Pitch Up = DOWN ARROW
Bank Left = LEFT ARROW
Bank Right = RIGHT ARROW
Yaw Left = A
Yaw Right = D
Throttle Up = W
Throttle Down = S
Gears = G
Fire Primary = SPACE BAR
Fire Secondary = E
Switch Weapon = Q
Bombs = 1
Rockets = 2
Torpedoes = 3
Avionics = I
Radar = R
Bomb View = B
Switch camera = C
Camera 1 = F1
Camera 2 = F2
Camera 3 = F3
Camera 4 = F4
Camera 5 = F5
Camera 6 = F6
Camera 7 = F7
Camera 8 = F8
Bonus Mode = CTRL
Manoeuvre Mode = ALT
Zoom = SHIFT
Bonus Weapon = R
Bonus Loop = Z
Bonus Immelman = V
Bonus Acceleration = F
7
Game interface
Main screen appears each time after Battle of Europe starts.
Using this screen you can start a campaign (new or existing one)
or one of the single missions, change game options, open game’s
gallery, see credits, set nickname for your pilot or quit the game.
The main menu has the following structure:
Main menu:
- Campaign is a set of mis-
sions – from the 1st till
the last fulfilled.
Different campaigns for
one pilot can be created,
saved and selected as well.
You can create new cam-
paign clicking on the
"New" button in the lower
part of main menu:
- Missions – the list of
missions being already fulfilled by current pilot. You can select
any mission to play it once more and earn additional bonuses
-Options – usual game settings: game, video, audio, controls
-Gallery – aircraft, rocket and ship models with description
Credits – list of game’s credits
-Pilots – list of available pilots (players). You can add or delete
your profile
-Quit – press this button to quit the game. In the dialog box con-
firm your decision with “Yes”
Campaign
Click the "Campaign" button to open the Campaign screen. On this
screen you can choose one of existing campaigns or start a new
campaign.
8
In the list on the left side
titles of all existing cam-
paigns are displayed. You
can select one of them,
start a new campaign or
delete selected campaign.
Your scores and bonuses

are calculated separately
for each campaign.
The diary shows you the

page about your last mis-
sion
The “New” button allows

you to create a new cam-
paign.
The “Delete” button allows

you to delete selected cam-
paign.
The “Back” button returns

you to the main screen.
The “Next” button starts

selected campaign. It opens a new screen.
The next screen is split into 2 columns.

In the left column you can find information about historical
background of the current mission and its objectives.
In the right column you can see map of the battlefield, which
shows disposition of your own and your enemy’s forces.
To proceed to the next screen, press the “Next” button.

To return to the previous screen, press the “Back” button.
9
On the next screen you can
select one of the aircraft
available for current mis-
sion and read its parame-
ters.
After choosing the air-

craft, press the “Start”
button to start the mis-
sion.
To return to the previous

screen, press the “Back”
button.
Missions
Click the “Missions” but-

ton to open the Missions
screen. On this screen you
can choose one of the game
missions. Unlike the
Campaign screen, on this
screen you can choose and
complete missions in any
order.
On the left side the list of all missions you've done in current
campaign is displayed.
You can select one of them and play it once more.
All bonuses you've earned in these missions will be added to your

overall bonus score.
Select one mission and click "Next". Or click "Back" to return to

the main menu.
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The next screen is split
into 2 columns.
In the left column you can
find information about
historical background of
the current mission and
its objectives.
In the right column you can
see map of the battlefield,
which shows disposition of
your own and your enemy’s
forces.
To proceed to the next

screen, press the “Next”
button.
To return to the previous
screen, press the “Back”
button.
On the next screen you can

select one of the aircraft
available for current mis-
sion and read its parame-
ters.
After choosing the air-

craft, press the “Start” button to start the mission.
To return to the previous screen, press the “Back” button.
Options
Press the “Options” button to open the Options screen. On this

screen you can set and change:
-game options
-video (graphic) settings
-audio settings
-controls
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On the Game screen you can
change following options:
Difficulty level. Available
variants:
-easy
-normal
-hard
From easy to hard your "life" decreases, enemies become more

aggressive and shoot more precise.
Aims. Available variants:
-on (switches targeting in form of crosses on)
-off (switches targeting off)
With the targeting switched on it is easier to destroy enemy’s air-
craft and other vehicles.
Console. Available variants:
-light (devices are displayed in digital view)
-full (devices are displayed in classical view)
Digital view of devices helps to save free space on your screen.
You can switch different devices view during the game, using the
“I” button.
Auto aim. Available variants:

-from precise to rough
The more precise is targeting, the easier to destroy enemy objects
and visa versa.
Radar distance. Available variants:

-from 1 km to 3 km
This option allows you to set your radar’s scale.
On the Video screen you
can change graphical
options:
Video mode. Available
variants:
- from 640x400x16 to
1024x768x32
Choose screen resolution
and color depth according to the possibilities of your video card
and monitor.
12
Antialiasing mode. Available variants:
-no antialiasing
-on, 2x2
-on, 3x3
Antialiasing improves the quality of a picture. Switch it on, if
your video card supports such mode.
Texture details. Available variants:

-weak
-medium
-rich
Define how detailed will be textures in the game. The higher
level of details, the higher quality of the picture, but the more
resources computer needs.
Texture compression. Available variants:

-none
-DXT
-16bit
Set preferred type of textures compression.
Geometry details. Available variants:

-from weak to rich
Define how detailed should 3D objects be in the game. The more
detailed they are, the higher quality of the picture, but the more
resources computer needs.
Terrain visibility. Available variants:

-from near to far
With this option you can set, how far you’ll be able to see real
objects in the game.
Terrain detail textures. Available variants:

-on
-off
Switch on or switch off terrain details (stones on the ground,
grass. etc.)
13
On the Audio screen you
can change audio settings:
Hardware acceleration.
Available variants:
- on
- off
Hardware acceleration
improves sound’s quality. If your sound card doesn’t support this
feature, turn it off.
Audio quality. Available variants:
-from low to high
Set the quality of sound. The higher quality, the more resources
computer needs.
Max. number of voices: choose the number of voices, which your
sound card can support.
Master volume. Speech
volume. Music volume.
Engine volume. Effect
volume. Available variants:
- from low to high
With this group of options
you can set global volume
and volume for each type of
sound effect separately
(volume of speech, background music, plane’s engine, shooting and
blasts).
On the Controls screen you can change controls settings and defi-
ne default keys.
Mouse/joystick. Available variants:
-on
-off
Battle of Europe provides mouse or joystick support. If you want
to use one of these devices for playing, turn this option on.
Mouse inverse. Available variants:

-on
-off
Mouse sensitivity. Keyboard sensitivity. Available variants:
-from low to high
Define how fast keyboard or mouse should react on your commands.
14
Table of default keys or mouse/joystick movements.
Set desirable keys or mouse/joystick movements for different
actions. To do it, click the name of control you want to change and
then press the button, which corresponds to this control (or press
“Esc” to cancel”).
After all changes are done, press the “Apply” button to apply them
to the current game session. Note that the set of options is saved
for each player (pilot) separately.
Gallery
Press the “Gallery” button
to enter the Gallery. On
this screen you can find
graphical and text infor-
mation about the models of
aircraft and ships, which
are used in the game.
Choose the model you’re

interested in to receive
information about it.
Following models are avai-
lable in this list (Total about 180 models, incl. 35-40 Aircraft /
ships):
Aircraft
N° Aircraft Type Country
1. Bristol Beaufighter Fighter UK
2. Avro Lancaster I Heavy bomber UK
3. Hawker Hurricane Mk-1 Fighter/Interceptor UK
4. Mosquito B.Mk IV Serie II Fighter/Reconnaissance UK
5. Supermarine Spitfire Fighter/Bomber UK
6. Hawker Typhoon Fighter/Bomber UK
7. Messerschmitt Bf 109 Fighter Germany
8. Messerschmitt Bf 110 Fighter Germany
9. Dornier Do 217 Bomber Germany
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10. Heinkel He 111 Night bomber Germany
11. Focke-Wulf FW 190 Fighter / Bomber Germany
12. Junkers 87 Stuka Bomber Germany
13. Junkers 88G-1 Bomber Germany
14. Messerschmitt Me 262 Jet fighter Germany
15. Arado E.555-1 Jet bomber Germany
16. B-17 Flying Fortress Bomber USA, UK
17. F-80 Shooting star Fighter/Bomber USA
18. P-39 Aircobra Fighter/Bomber USA
19. Gloster Meteor F.Mk 8 Interceptor USA
20. Northrop P-61B Night fighter USA
21. North American B-25H Mitchell Light bomber USA
To receive further information about the aircraft of Battle of

Europe see the Appendix D.
N° Ship Type Country
1. Battleship Bismarck Germany
2. Transport ship General Germany
3. Submarine U-47 Germany
4. Ship HMS UK
5. Destroyer Z20 Germany
Credits
Press the “Credits” button to open the Credits screen. On this
screen you can find infor-
mation about game develo-
pers.
Press the “Back” button to

return to the main screen.
16
Pilots
Press the “Pilots” button to open the Pilots screen. On this scre-
en you can create your pilot’s profile: choose a nickname for your
pilot and receive information about his statistics.
The screen is split into 2

columns.
In the left column you can

choose one of existing
pilots.
Press the “New” button to
create a new pilot and set
his name.
Press “Delete” button to
delete selected pilot.
In the right column you can see statistics of the chosen pilot –
his nickname, parameter and high score.
Each pilot can have several campaigns.
After selecting a pilot click "Play" to go further.
17
How to play: interface
and main controls
Game screen: devices and
indicators
Battle of Europe has intui-

tive, easy-to-use interfa-
ce.
During the flight, you can
receive various information
from devices and indica-
tors, which are placed in
the bottom of the screen.
Pressing “I” you can switch
these devices to the digital view. It will help you to save free
space on the screen.
You can use:
-speedometer, which displays current speed
-altimeter, which displays current altitude
-throttle, which displays current throttle with three main levels
-scores indicator, which displays your current amount of scores
-mission fulfillment indicator and time for some missions, which
display your progress in current mission
-life indicator, which reflects damages of your plane (you can
recover your life by bonus system or on the dispersal fields)
-secondary weapon indicator, which displays, how many bombs,
torpedoes or rockets are left (you can recover your secondary
weapon on the secret aerodromes)
-bonus fields, which display amount of gained bonuses during the
mission
-radar, which displays all strategic objects – your own aircraft,
base, aerodrome, and enemy’s aircraft and objects. You can hide or
show radar, pressing “R”. The radar scale (radius) can be changed
in options from 1 to 3 km.
18
Taking off, flying and landing
It’s very easy to control the plane in Battle of
Europe. The game features keyboard and
mouse/joystick control (you can change default
keys for this devices in Options).
All you need to do to take off is to perform fol-

lowing steps:
Step 1. Throttle up (grey +), until the speed > 220
km/h.
Step 2. Increase tangage ( ) and take gears off (G).
To land the plane, perform these steps in rever-

sed order:
Step 1. Fly to the strip and decrease your speed until 200 km/h
(grey -)
Step 2. Decrease your altitude fluently ( , )
Step 3. Take gears on (G)
Step 4. Land, trying to keep your plane in a horizontal position.
Note: if you crash the plane during landing, you’ll have to start
the mission from the beginning even if you fulfilled all its
objectives.
To control the plane, use following default keys:

a)to turn the plane left or right use arrow keys ( , )
b)to turn the plane up or down use arrow keys ( , )
c)to increase throttle, use “grey +”, after keeping will 100% throt-
tle be fixed
d)to decrease throttle, use “grey –“, after keeping will 25% throt-
tle be fixed
e)to perform a loop, hold down the arrow until 90°
See Bonus System for further information about aerobatic maneu-

vers.
19
Camera modes
During the game you can use following camera modes:

-F1 - pilot view – for shooting
-F2 – free camera position. Use mouse to control it: left
button+move – change position, right button+move - zoom
-F3 – view from behind
-F4 – for bombers with turrets: change gunner. Press it several
times to switch between turrets.
-F5 – view from the front above (to look at the results of bombing,
etc.)
-F6 - aero photo
-F7 – animation (Film)
-F8 – bomb / torpedo tracking
Press "B" to switch to the bombing view.
You can also use the spyglass function: if you want to zoom
objects in, press Shift.
Selecting weapon, shooting
Each plane has 2 types of weapon: primary and secondary weapon.

Primary weapon is machine-guns. To shoot primary weapon, press
space bar. Please take into account that yellow cross shows you a
forestalling point. The bullet resource of these guns is unlimi-
ted, but sometimes primary weapon is not enough to complete the
mission (for example, to explode the railroad).
Secondary weapon can be chosen with the “S” button. You can choo-
se rockets, torpedoes or bombs. Press “Enter” to shoot with secon-
dary weapon (drop bombs, etc.). Press “B” to activate bombing view.
If dropped torpedo falls into the water, it moves about 1 km, then
sinks if not hit. The armament depends on the type of aircraft and
mission. Each kind of secondary weapon is limited.
After loosing more than 75% of life the aircraft begins to smoke.
20
Scores: how to get and to
use them
Role of scores
Battle of Europe features branching of missions. In means, that

complication and even type of the following mission depends on
scores you earn in current mission. For example, you can enter
secret bonus missions, if your scores are high enough. You can
also enter more complicated and more interesting versions of some
missions, earning definite amount of scores in previous ones (for
further information see Appendix C). That’s why scores play an
important role in gaming process.
The secondary role of scores – high score establishment. The more
scores you earn, the better result you have in your pilot’s profile.
Strategy of earning scores
During each mission you receive or loose game scores. To earn

desirable amount of scores, you should know, in which cases you
can receive scores, and which situations lead to scores loosing.
You can get extra scores:

-destroying primary targets (aircraft and strategic objects)
-destroying secondary targets (aircraft, strategic objects, flaks,
vehicles, etc.)
-completing fulfilled missions one more time (only for high score
establishment. You can’t open bonus missions this way)
You can loose scores:

-during the missions: 1 point each 20 seconds of gaming time
(exclusion: mission 1)
-when one of own aircraft is hit
-when one of own aircraft is destroyed
-when one of own strategic objects is hit
-when one of our strategic objects is destroyed
21
Tips on scores earning
-completing a campaign for the first time, try to get as much sco-
res as possible. This will ensure your high score in your pilot’s
profile and unhide all bonus missions. But don’t be disappointed,
if you don’t manage to unhide all the missions for the first time.
-after you complete your first campaign, you can start a new one
(see the Campaign screen for further information) and complete it
once again. During the second campaign use the table in Appendix
C. It provides the tree of missions and information about amount
of scores, which you have to earn to enter different missions.
Using this table as a guideline, you can enter those missions,
which you haven’t completed before in your first campaign.
“Prices” of different objects in the game
As it was said above, you earn extra scores, destroying different

objects, and loose them, when the enemy destroys your own objects.
Each object in the game has its own “price”, which is shown in the
table below:
Object \ Price Enemy Hit own air- Own unit

destruc- craft, destruction
tion base, ship,...
Fighter 10 -10 -20

Bomber 20 -10 -20
Battle ship 30 -5 -20
Transport ship 5 -5 -20
Vehicle, incl. train 5 -5 -5
Installation 10 -10 -10
Flak (antiaircraft gun) 10 -10 -10
22
Scores indication
Scores are counted separately for each mission. After the mission
is completed, the game adds earned scores to the sum of scores you
earned before, and puts total sum in your pilot’s profile.
During the game you can control current amount of scores, using
scores indicator.
23
System of bonuses
Battle of Europe features a system of bonuses to encourage you
during various missions and make fulfillment of your campaign
easier.
There are several types of bonuses, which you can get:
-bonus weapon and life
-bonus maneuvers
-deadly bonuses (antibonuses)
First two types of bonuses make missions’ fulfillment easier and
quicker. The third type appears during the missions to complica-
te your task.
Bonus weapon and life
There are several types of bonus weapon, which will help you to
destroy those objects, which are quick and hard to target. They
also will be useful in those missions, in which the time of ful-
fillment is limited.
You can get:
1) super bullets (4x more powerful bullets) - Ctrl-Space to use
2) super bombs (4x more powerful) - Ctrl-Enter to use
3) self-guided rockets and torpedoes (3 km distance) - Ctrl-Enter
to use (note, that you should take aim very approximately)
You can also get life recovery – it is counted automatically, with

30% step.
Bonus maneuvers
Sometimes it is useful to perform one of advanced maneuvers,

which can help you in the fight. You can get following maneuvers
as bonuses (fighters only):
-looping+wing-over – to go back quickly and to meet enemy air-
craft Alt + Left/ Alt + Right to use
-looping – come to aircraft’s back Alt + Down to use
-acceleration – Alt-Gas to use
24
-follow aircraft in sight – Alt-Up to use
Please note, that Bombers can't use bonus maneuvers
Deadly bonuses
When you pick up a deadly bonus, it takes 50% of your life away. So
be careful and try to avoid such bonuses during your flight.
How to get bonuses
To get various bonuses, you must destroy secondary targets: ene-

my’s aircraft (note, that enemy’s plane, which falls down because
of the low life level, won’t bring you any bonuses) and other
objects (antiaircraft guns, ships, vehicles, etc.), which are mar-
ked as a red points on your radar. After a secondary target is
destroyed, one or several bonuses will appear on its place. They
look as green balls with the pictures inside. Using the table
below, you can identify them:
Life recovering – adds 30% of life (but note: live level

can’t be higher, than 100%)
Auto aim – you receive one more self-guided missile
Super bomb – you receive one more super bomb
Super gun – you receive 50 super bullets
25
Dangerous! Following object is an antibonus: it takes 50% of your
life.
It is impossible to foresee, which bonus will appear after a secon-

dary target is destroyed – they appear at random. A ball stays in
the air for about 20 sec, and then it disappears.
If deadly bonuses appear more often, than usually, it means, that
you have maximum amount of bonuses already. Use several of
them, and you will have an opportunity to collect them once
again, destroying secondary targets.
Bonuses indication
The first 4 types of bonus weapon are shown in game screen on the
left side with special icons and counters. Bonus No. 5 just increa-
ses level of life on the life indicator.
Collected bonuses are saved for the next missions. So, you can
spare them during easy-to-fulfill missions and then use them in
the last missions, which are very difficult and involve different
types of fights.
26
Appendix A. Game strate-
gy: useful tips and
recommendations
Battle of Europe is an arcade game, which involves not only flight
skills, but also your strategy skills. You can achieve better
results, planning your actions during the missions and using the
tips below.
General tips:
-start with the easy mode – it will help you to receive skills
without stress
-if your computer is slow, decrease video settings on the Video
screen – it’ll be easier for you to fly and react on enemy’s actions
quicker and more effective.
-after you complete your first campaign, you can start the new
one and try to enter those missions, which you haven’t seen befo-
re. To do it, use the table from Appendix C and tips on strategy of
scores earning.
Strategy tips:
To receive different bonuses, shoot targets, which are not marked
as primary.
-you can also use already fulfilled missions to increase amount
of your scores and bonuses
-try not to waste all bonuses in the easy-to-fulfill missions.
Spare them for the last, most complicated missions
-bonus maneuvers can help you during severe fight with several
planes
-if you have definite period of time to destroy an object, a self
guided bonus missile can help you to fulfill the task in time
-don’t pick up deadly bonuses - they lower your life scores
when you notice, that deadly bonuses appear more often, it means
that you have collected maximal amount of other bonuses. Use
bonuses to get them again
-use secret aerodromes for recovering your equipment and life.
27
You can find them, using your radar – secret aerodromes are mar-
ked as a blue blinking point on it
-land on secret and primary airdromes very careful – if you
crash the plane, you’ll loose all your progress in the current
mission and will have to start everything from the beginning
-to land successful, don’t forget to decrease your speed as low as
possible
-make sure, that you have enough place for landing. Start your
landing in the beginning of the landing ground to have enough
place for braking
-flying close to the sea surface, note high waves – you can crash
your plane against them
-use Spyglass function to zoom different objects
-if you have to bomb an object, don’t forget to switch the bombing
view on (the “B” key)
-to fight with the ships successfully, fly to the ships from side
and as low as possible
-attacking a plane, don’t turn back at once after it has flied by.
Fly a little bit forward, and then try to attack again
-different camera modes can be helpful in various situations. Use
the first camera to free space from the plane. The second camera
allows you to look around. Shooting from turrets is easier with
camera No. 4. Using camera No. 5, you can look back. The sixth
camera opens wide view under the plane. Enjoy your plane‘s flight
with camera No.7. The eighth camera allows you to follow bombs,
torpedoes and rockets
You can find more tips for each mission in Appendix C.
28
Appendix B. Game con-
trols (default)
Operational control
Gas: +/- Increase / decrease throttle
Left/Right Turnings
Up/Down Up and down (tangage)
Weapon, shooting
Space bar Primary weapon – shooting
Enter Secondary weapon – shooting / dropping
S Change secondary weapon (rockets, bombs, torpedoes)
View
F1 Pilot View
F2 free camera position
Left mouse button Orbit
Right mouse button Distance
F3 View from behind: default view
F4 For bombers: change gunner
F5 View from the front above
F6 Aero photo
F7 Animation (Film)
F8 Tracking
Shift Spyglass
Bonuses
Ctrl-Space Super bullets
Ctrl-Enter Super secondary weapon
Ctrl-Up Follow enemy aircraft (in cross)
Alt-Down Loop
Alt-Gas (hold pressed) Powerful acceleration
Alt-left, Alt-right Wing-over
Game interface
I Change device view
R Radar off / on
B Toggle bomb view
Other
Esc Pause, cancel mission and go to menu
Alt+F4 Exit
You can also use your mouse or joystick to play Battle of Europe.
Note, that the game supports force feedback.
29
Appendix C. Missions tree
and description
30
Mission 1 - "Supervision - tutorial"
Date: Wednesday, 17.07.1940.
Weather: scattered clouds
Type of the mission: tutorial with
elements of assault
Background information: after a com-

plete study of the possibilities of an
invasion of Britain, Hitler made the
official announcement on July 16th
1940 that Germany would make an invasion of Britain through his
Directive No.16 thus endorsing his formal approval of such an
invasion. The bulk of attacks were in the south where the
Luftwaffe went on probing attacks on British shipping in the
English Channel and in the outer Thames Estuary.
Objective: this is a tutorial mission. During the flight a player

learns to use program’s interface, to control his plane, etc.
Following captions on the screen, a player must destroy a train, a
base and two ships.
Tips:
-just follow all the instructions attentively
Own aircraft: one of three fighters: Hawker Typhoon, Supermarine
Spitfire or Hawker Hurricane Mk I
Enemy forces: none
Mission 2 - "Defence of radar stations""

Date: Friday, 01.08.1940
Weather: broken clouds
Type of the mission: defence
Background information: most of
German attacks in the Channel were
on the merchant convoys conveying
much needed coal, raw materials,
machinery and foodstuffs to Britain.
By sinking these merchant ships
Germany would deny the British people of the various commodities
required just for their sheer existence. But at the same time, by
attacking these channel convoys, it was hoped that it would draw
out the British fighters from their bases. This way the Luftwaffe
31
could analyze the strength of the RAF, determine the speed and
efficiency that the RAF could deploy its squadrons, in other
words, Germany was testing the efficiency and strength of the
Royal Air Force and it was hoped that the Luftwaffe would destroy
the RAF in the air
Objective: the main object of this mission – own radar stations,
which must be protected against Luftwaffe bombers attacks. A
player must detect German aircraft near Dover in the South direc-
tion and fight with it. He also must destroy all bombers, allowing
minimum bombing.
Tips:
-try to understand how Ju-87 Stukas fire from their turrets. It
will help you to avoid being shot.
-destroy as many secondary targets as possible – you’ll receive
bonuses for that
-battle ships are not able to shoot in some directions. Knowing
this, you can avoid their hits
Own aircraft: squad, consisted of the following planes: either
Hawker Typhoon or Supermarine Spitfire or Hawker Hurricane Mk I
(depends on player’s choice)
Enemy forces: 3 bombers JU 87 Stukas and fighter escorts, each
consisted of 3 fighters Messerschmitt Bf109, German ships
Mission 3 - "Defence of armament installations"

Background information: attacks on
the British convoys continued,
German aircraft attacks the radar
stations at Dover, Dunkirk, Rye,
Pevensye. One hundred Ju 88s, 120 Bf
110s, and 25 Bf 109s attacked ships in
Portsmouth Harbor, and knocked the
Ventnor radar station out of action.
Early at the Tuesday morning the
German bombers began to take off from various airfields and the
first major assault on Britain was about to begin.
Objective: the main object of this mission – own military bases,

which must be protected against Luftwaffe bombers attacks. A
player must intercept German aircraft in the East direction and
destroy all bombers, allowing minimum bombing of own armament
installations.
32
Tips:
-if you understand rules of fighters arrival, you will walk
through this mission quite easy
-fighters attack you while you destroy the bombers. Destroy the
fighters first, and then go on with bombers
-it is possible to get a bonus mission after this one. Shooting a
lot of fighters will help you to collect enough scores to get it
Own aircraft: 3 pairs of Spitfires or other RAF fighters (user’s

choice)
Enemy forces: 3 squads Heinkel He-111: 3 bombers, each escorted
by 3 fighters Messerschmitt Bf109
Bonus mission A - "Night assault on Berlin"

Date: Sunday, 25.08.1940
Weather: clear
Type of the mission: assault
Background information: German

bombs fell on central London for the
first time. The following night, 43
aircraft from Bomber Command reta-
liate by bombing Berlin.
Objective: in this mission a player must spot the base at the

North-West of Berlin and destroy all enemy’s objects: aircraft,
military bases, oil storages and military airport.
Tips:
-shooting with the turret, notice your plane’s behavior
-don’t forget to switch on the bomb view
-use rockets, if you ran out of bombs
-try to destroy as much enemy fighters as possible – it will make
the following mission more interesting and complicated
Own aircraft: 1 pair of Bombers (user’s choice) and 1 fighter squad

(Spitfires)
Enemy forces: fighter squads (defensive forces), antiaircraft guns
33
Mission 4a - "Defence of London airspace"
Weather: rainy
Background information: massive
attacks on London by huge formations
of German aircraft. The first bombing
attacks on the city of London started
the third phase of the battle. Attacks
by massed formations of bombers never before seen in the skies
escorted by twice as many fighters brought the war now closer than
ever to the residents of the great capital. Heavy bomb concentra-
tions of the industrial factories and the dock areas of London's
"East End" turned the eastern entry to the city a huge fireball on
both sides of the river Thames.
Objective: the main object of this mission – own armament installa-
tions, which must be protected against Luftwaffe bombers attacks.
A player must meet German aircraft in the East direction, ca. 50 km
from London and destroy all bombers, allowing minimum bombing of
London city, factories and storage facilities.
Tips:
-your fighter flies faster, than bombers, so it can easily outrun
them. You can change throttle to stay behind them
-first destroy all the fighters and then shoot bombers
-don’t destroy blimps, otherwise you’ll loose scores
-if the bombers hit the plant 3-4 times, you will fail this mission
Own aircraft: 3 pairs Spitfires or another RAF fighters (user’s
choice)
Enemy forces: 5 waves by 3 bomber squads – each unit of attack for-
ces is escorted by 5 fighters
Mission 4b - "Defence of airport near London"

Weather: overcast
Background information: massive

attacks on London by huge formations
of German planes. The first bombing
attacks on the City of London started
34
the third phase of the battle. Attacks by massed formations of
bombers never before seen in the skies escorted by twice as many
fighters brought the war now closer than ever to the residents of
the great capital. Heavy bomb concentrations of the industrial
factories and the dock areas of London's \"East End\" turned the
eastern entry to the city a huge fireball on both sides of the
River Thames. Special attacks where undertook on British bases:
installations and airports.
Objective: this mission is similar with the mission 4a, but in this
case player must protect only London military airport against
Luftwaffe bombers attacks. To do it, a player must meet German
aircraft in the East direction, ca. 50 km from London and destroy
all bombers, allowing minimum bombing of own airport.
Tips:
-your fighter flies quicker, than bombers, so it can easily outrun
them. You can change throttle, to stay behind them.
-you can use self-guided rockets or powerful bullets to destroy
bombers much quicker
Own aircraft: 2 fighters’ squad

Enemy forces: 3 waves of 3 bomber squads, each of them is escor-
ted by 3 fighters
Mission 5 - "Bombing raid on Wilhelmshaven"

Date: Tuesday, 08.07.1941
Weather: scattered clouds, rain
Background information: RAF 90
squadron receives the first Boeing B-
17 Flying Fortress aircraft from
America. Its role is high-altitude day
bombing. The first mission must be
Wilhelmshaven, German marine base station.
Objective: in this assault mission a player takes part in attack of

the military base in Wilhelmshaven. With his fighter plane he
35
must protect own aircraft against enemy’s aircraft. Peculiarity
of this mission: in its first part a player has no control over the
plane – he acts as a gun man, controlling only plane’s weapon. In
the second part of the mission plane’s pilot receives injury; a
player takes control over the plane. He must finish marine base
bombing, destroying it.
Tips:
-switch between turrets to shoot all the enemy aircraft
-do not forget to drop bombs in proper time
-be careful! Do not waste all the bombs. You’ll need them later
-after you receive aircraft control, destroy as more buildings and
tanks as possible. To do it, switch on the bomb view
-use torpedoes to destroy ships, but note, that they are seconda-
ry targets – just to get bonuses
Own aircraft: 1 bomber squad – B-17 (5 Bombers)

Enemy forces: 3 squads of Focke Wulf Fw 190, antiaircraft guns
Mission 6 - "Hi-jacking of Me-262"

DDate: Saturday, 18.07.1942
Weather: changes during the mission
from clear to bad
Type of the mission: hi-jacking
Background information:
Messerschmitt Me 262 ("Schwalbe"),
the jet plane and with its 870 km/h
the highest-speed aircraft is ready
for its first test flight. 11000 m ceiling and four 30 mm cannons
make it really strongest fighter in the war! The project began in
1939, until now the machine is being developed and manufactured.
The first flight must be on July 18th 1942 near Augsburg.
Objective: a player must hi-jack the first Me-262 from proving
ground near Augsburg, reach the west continental European coast
near Calais and after that – one of British air-force base.
Peculiarity of this mission: it’s split into 3 parts. Each part has
its own weather conditions (from clear to bad) and time (nighttime
- daytime).
Tips:
36
-find the correct way to avoid enemy fighters
-it is not possible to use powerful acceleration bonus to fly away
-you may be attacked by enemy fighters, try to avoid them
-the next mission is a bonus-mission. To get it, destroy as much
enemy fighters as possible
Own aircraft: only over the Channel – fighter squad.
Enemy forces: up to 3 fighter squads Bf109 in different regions
and a lot of antiaircraft installations.
Bonus mission B - "Interception of V1 rockets"

Date: Thursday, 10.09.1942
Weather: overcast
Background information: the develop-
ment of V1 rocket - "Vergelungswaffe"
(Punishment Weapon) – in Peenemunde
brought the first results: the trial
start of V1. The next flight is being
planned to London...
Objective: in this bonus mission a player must detect and inter-

cept as more as possible V1 rockets, which target London.
Tips:
-just shoot all rockets. They fly directly and don’t change their
way
-you can destroy rockets quicker, using powerful bullets
-decrease your speed to fly behind rockets
Own aircraft: user’s choice: Gloster Meteor F.Mk 8 or F-80
Shooting Star
Enemy forces: a lot of V1s without any escort
Mission 7 - "Bombing raid on Norway – V2 rockets"

Background information: the ally's
reconnaissance spot the production of
new rockets at the Norsk plant near
Rjukan in German-occupied Norway.
This production is very dangerous.
37
After that some another production installations where created.
Some attempts to interrupt them failed. New rockets, which alrea-
dy were produced are being hidden in the rocks, fjords, in artifi-
cial caverns and it is difficult to spot them.
Objective: a player must find 3 V2 rockets, which are hided in

fjords of Norway, and destroy them within 8 minutes, preventing
their launch.
Tips:
-flacks shoot in two ways. Try to destroy them, and they won’t
disturb you in the future
-if your run out of life and/or equipment, find a secret airdrome
-to get more interesting and complicated mission after this one,
destroy as much fighters as possible
Own aircraft: two Spitfires or Hawker Hurricanes

Enemy forces: very attentive and strong defense: fighter squads -
FW-190, antiaircraft gun batteries and cannon batteries.
Mission 8a - "Assault on German train"

Date: Wednesday, 12.07.1944
Weather: broken clouds, mist
Type of the mission: interception
Background information: it is the

time near to liberate Paris... Allied
troops are in France and gradually
come near Paris. Some German officers
tried to take out a lot of priceless arts, especially from Louver
Museum. The treasure was plunged into a train which went from
Paris to Berlin. It must be stopped!
Objective: in this mission a player must work out a way of stopping

the train with treasures from Louver. He has to do it within defi-
nite period of time. He must also avoid damage of the train, other-
wise the mission will be failed.
Tips:
-think, how you can stop the train. You have neither bombs, nor
rockets, but it is possible to block the railway: just destroy a
38
truck on the railing
-don’t damage the train, otherwise you’ll fail this mission
if flacks disturb you, shoot them all
Own aircraft: 1 fighter squad according to user’s selection

Enemy forces: fighter squads: Bf109, antiaircraft gun batteries
around the railway, antiaircraft guns on the train.
Mission 8b - "Cannon "Dora" destruction"

Date: Tuesday, 26.09.1944
Background information: the cannon

"Dora" is the largest cannon in the
world. With its calibre 80 cm, Length
of tube about 32 m and range up to 48
km it is very threatening weapon. It operates from railroad and
needs a large attendant crew, because of its size, weight (1345
tons) and complexity. It takes 25 trainloads of equipment, 2000
men and up to six weeks to assemble.
Objective: in this mission a player must find and destroy the

train, which carries cannon “Dora”, and the cannon itself. He has
to do it within definite period of time.
Tips:
-use maneuvers, rockets and bombs to complete your task within
definite period of time
-stop the train – then it will be easier to destroy the cannon
-be careful, antiaircraft guns on the cannon will shoot until you
destroy it completely
Own aircraft: 1 fighter squad according to user’s selection

Enemy forces: fighter squads: Bf109.
39
Mission 9 - "Assault on "Tirpitz"
Weather: overcast, fog
Background information: the German

battleship Tirpitz (Bismarck Class),
launched in 1941 is fully loaded wei-
ghed approximately 50,000 ton's and
had a crew of 2340 men. Her overall length was 251 metres with a
beam of 36 metres and a draught of 9 metres. Her armament con-
sists of four 15 inch twin mounted turrets, six 5.9 inch twin
mounted turrets, eight 4.1 inch twin mounted anti-aircraft guns
and twelve single mounted anti-aircraft cannons.
Objective: in this mission a player must detect the ship “Tirpitz”

in one of two fjords and destroy it.
Tips:
-both torpedoes and rockets can be used to shoot the ship
-to avoid ships' antiaircraft guns, fly lower and from the ship's
side.
-use self-guided torpedoes (bonuses) to defeat ships
-earn enough scores to get bonus mission. To do it, destroy enemy
fighters and ships
-battle ships are not able to shoot in some directions. Knowing
this, you can avoid their hits
Own aircraft: one bomber squad (or user’s choice).

Enemy forces: fighter squads and antiaircraft guns on the ship
and ground.
Bonusmission C - "Assault on Hitler"

Weather: overcast, fog
Background information: the war goes

to end, but a lot of victims expected
yet. The allied command decided to
40
make murderous assault on Hitler at on of his residences. Hitler's
Eagle's Nest (Adlerhorst) on Koenigssee in Bayern.
Objective: the mission starts in the region of Eagle's Nest. As

Hitler's limousine isn't known, a player must annihilate all
limousines. As there is a tunnel on escort’s way, a player must
annihilate limousines within definite period of time, otherwise
all limousines will escape attacks, hiding in the tunnel.
Tips:
-use powerful acceleration to fly faster
-destroy all limousines with machine guns and rockets
-you may be attacked by Me-262s, try to avoid them
-destroy antiaircraft guns to earn bonuses and clear your way
Own aircraft: 1 fighter

Enemy forces: 3 fighter squads and antiaircraft guns
Mission 10 - "Assault on Berlin"

Background information: the allies

are almost in Berlin... The war goes to
the end. Our unit take part in the
final assault on Berlin. The early
morning is the beginning of air attack on Berlin - as a prepara-
tion to the last assault. A lot of allied aircraft forces take part
in this assault, our hero is on one of the important directions.
Objective: this is a very difficult mission with tense fights. A

player has 3 main objectives. First of all he escorts bombers,
which are taking part in bombings of Berlin, so he must protect
these bombers against enemy’s forces. The second objective is to
destroy newest enemy’s bombers "Arado". The last objective is to
destroy enemy’s strategic objects and all Fuhrer's bunkers, hid-
den in the city.
41
Tips:
-first try to destroy flacks
-in the 1st episode destroy enemy fighters– this will defend own
bombers. Use powerful bullets to destroy jet fighters
in the 2nd episode strike Arados with self guided rockets – don't
forget, that Arado is very fast
-use briefing map and wide panorama view (F6) to look for Hitler’s
bunkers – they are marked with small flags, etc.
Own aircraft: 1 fighter (user’s choice) with an escort, one bomber
squad.
Enemy forces: 3 fighter squads, one squad of Me-262, several
secret planes (Arado), antiaircraft guns on the ship
Bonus mission D - "Arado - the secret plane"

Background information: the allies

are in Berlin... The war is finished.
Our unit using own and trophy air-
craft must destroy the remainder of
enemy ships and U-Boots on the sea. Our hero is on one of the
important directions
Objective: in this bonus mission a player must destroy all ships

and U-Boots. It is no difficult – you have already won! There is no
resistance.
Tips:
-dropping bombs and torpedoes, take into account submarines
speed, otherwise you’ll miss your targets
-if you have enough self-guided torpedoes, use them
Own aircraft: 1 fighter (user’s choice) without any escort

Enemy forces: ships, submarines
42
Appendix D. Battle of
Europe fundamentals:
aircraft description and
characteristics
Hawker Hurricane Mk-1
Type: single-seated interceptor
Weight: empty weight 2 118 kg; max.
takeoff weight 2 994 kg
Dimensions: wingspan 12.20 m; length
9.59 m; height 3.96 m; wing area 23.93
sq. m
Equipment: eight Browning 7.7 mm
machine-guns with 2 660 rounds
ammunition
Country: UK
Producer: Hawker Aviation
Entered service: 1937
The Hawker Hurricane is a fighter, designed in 1930s and used
extensively by the Royal Air Force. Following traditional Hawker
construction techniques closely, it used a large measure of wood
and fabric for the wings and fuselage, with the engine and cockpit
area being aluminum-covered steel tubing. So by some measures the
design was a little bit outdated when introduced. But rather simple
construction of the plane was the main reason why it was ordered
into production – it was comfortable for service squadrons, which
were well experienced in working on and fixing wooden/metal pla-
nes like the Hurricane. Besides, it was cheaper, comparing with
Supermarine Spitfire, which was also used that time.
Soon this model of plane earned the nickname 'tin opener' for its
devastating effect on enemy tanks.
The main role of the Hawker Hurricane Mk-1 is its active usage in
Battle of Britain by the RAF. Hawker Aviation continued produc-
tion of the Hawker Hurricanes up until 1944. 14,000 Hurricanes
and Sea Hurricanes were produced.
43
Hawker Typhoon
Type: single-seated fighter-bomber
sq. m
Equipment: four Hispano 20-mm guns
with 140 rounds per weapon and two
454-kg bombs or eight 27-kg-rockets
or other loads like 205-litre drop tanks
Country: UK
Producer: Hawker Aviation
Hawker Typhoon intended as a replacement for the Hawker

Hurricane (interceptor plane). It evolved into one of World War II's
most successful strike fighters. Both resulting models became
known as the 'R' and 'N' (based on the engine manufacturer) and
were quite similar with each other – the R plane had a rounder
nose profile and a ventral radiator, whereas the N plane had a
flatter deck and a chin mounted radiator. February 1940 the first
N model, now known as the Typhoon, was ordered by the RAF.
The powerful engine allowed the plane to carry a massive load of
up to two 1,000lb bombs, although it would become much more
famous with four 60lb rockets under each wing. these facts made
this model of plane very effective both in fights and bombings.
The Typhoon was rushed into squadron service to counter the new
German plane - Focke-Wulf Fw 190. It showed its fighting effi-
ciency in Battle of Britain and Battle of Normandy.
44
Supermarine Spitfire
Type: single-seated fighter/fighter-
bomber
Weight: empty weight 2 994 kg; total
airborne weight (without external
loads) 3 799 kg; with external tank or
bomb and rockets 4 433 kg
sq. m
Equipment: two 20-mm airborne guns Hispano Mk II per 120 rounds
and two 12.7-mm Browning machine-guns per 250 rounds plus one
227-kg bomb or two 113-kg bombs or eight rockets Mk IX
Country: UK
Producer: Supermarine
The Supermarine Spitfire was a single seat fighter used by the

RAF and many Allied countries as well. The Spitfire's elliptical
wings gave it a very distinctive look; their thin cross-section
insured the speed of the Spitfire. More than 20,300 of all
variants were built, and Spitfires remained in service till 1950s.
But the main role of this plane is its participation in Battle of
Britain.
Apart from the RAF, Spitfires served with most of the Allied air
forces in World War II, especially the Royal Canadian Air Force,
Royal Australian Air Force, South African Air Force and Royal
New Zealand Air Force. It was one of only a few foreign aircraft to
see service with the United States Army Air Corps. Several
European countries also operated Spitfires based in the UK,
under the auspices of the RAF. Spitfires last saw major action
during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
Some air forces retained Spitfires in service until well into the
1960s.
45
Bristol Beaufighter
Type: two-seated attack fighter
against naval targets
sq. m
Equipment: four 20-mm nose guns and
one 7.7-mm MG on the back as well as one 750-kg or 966-kg torpe-
do or eight 27-kg rockets and two 113-kg bombs under the wings
Country: UK
Producer: Bristol Aeroplane Company
The Beaufighter was a long-range heavy fighter of the Bristol

Aeroplane Company. The prototype of Beaufighter first flew on
July 17, 1939. Nevertheless, a production contract for 300 machi-
nes had already been placed by the RAF two weeks before that.
By fighter standards the plane was rather heavy, and rather slow.
It had an all-up weight of 16,000 lb (7 t) and a maximum speed of
only 335 mph (540 km/h) at 16,800 ft (5,000 m). But this disadvan-
tages didn’t influent its fighting efficiency a lot: with the wea-
pons mounted in the bomb-bay, the nose area was left clear for
mounting the radar antennas, so the plane was quickly adapted as
night fighter. Even loaded down to an even heavier 20,000 lb (9 t),
their slow performance was more than enough to catch the even
slower German bombers.
The Beaufighter had a long career and served in almost all thea-
tres of war, first as a night fighter, then as a strike fighter, and
even as a torpedo bomber. By early 1941 these models put an end to
Luftwaffe bad-weather and night raids. Beaufighters were opera-
ted by a variety of other air forces of the British Commonwealth,
including the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF), Royal Canadian
Air Force, and Royal South African Air Force.
46
Avro Lancaster I
Type: heavy bomber, crew of seven per-
sons
21.18 m; height 6.25 m; wing area
120.49 sq. m
Equipment: nine Browning 7.7 mm MGs;
one in FN.64 (under hull), two by two in FN.5 (nose turret) and FN.50
(aft turret) and four in rear turret FN.20 plus up to 9 979 kg bomb-
load
Country: UK
Producer: Avro
The Avro Lancaster was World War II bomber aircraft with four
engines, made initially by Avro for the Royal Air Force. First
used in 1942, it was the main heavy bomber of the RAF, the Royal
Canadian Air Force, and squadrons from other Commonwealth and
European countries serving with RAF Bomber Command. The
Lancaster was primarily a night-time bomber; and it was not used
during the war for other duties than bombing. An important fea-
ture of the Lancaster was its extensive bomb bay, at 33 feet (10.05
m) long. Initially the heaviest bombs carried were 4,000 lb (1,818
kg) or for special targets the 21 feet (6.4 m) long 12,000 lb (5,448
kg) 'Tall Boy'.
Lancasters from the Bomber Command were to have formed the
backbone of Tiger Force, the Commonwealth bomber contingent
scheduled to take part in Operation Downfall, the codename for
the planned invasion of Japan in late 1945, from bases on Okinawa.
In 1942-45, Lancasters flew 156,000 operations and dropped
608,612 tons of bombs. 3,249 Lancasters were lost in action. Only
35 Lancasters completed more than 100 successful operations.
The greatest survivor completed 139 operations and survived the
war, to be scrapped in 1947.
47
Mosquito B.Mk IV Series II
Type: high speed daylight bomber
42.18 sq. m
Equipment: normal internal bomb-
load 907 kg
Country: UK
Producer: De Havilland
The Mosquito (also called "the wooden wonder") was a military

aircraft that excelled in a number of roles during the World War
II. It was a twin engine aircraft with the pilot and navigator sit-
ting side-by-side. Unorthodox in design, it utilized a wooden
structure when such construction was considered outdated and
was powered by a pair of Rolls-Royce Merlin engines. The
Mosquito was conceived as a fast day bomber that could outrun all
contemporary fighters and had an effective with defensive arma-
ment; however, due to its speed and its exceptional durability
because of its wooden design, it was also used as a fighter. There
were many different models and series of Mosquito - its various
roles included tactical bomber, pathfinder, day or night fighter,
fighter-bomber, intruder, maritime strike or photo-reconnais-
sance aircraft. It served with the Royal Air Force, RAAF, RCAF,
RNZAF and USAAF.
The B Mk IV acted as a bomber. There were only 273 models of this
plane, built that times – it entered service in May 1942 with No.
105 Squadron.
48
Messerschmitt Bf-109
Type: single-seated fighter
sq. m
Equipment: one 20-mm MG FF/M firing
through the propeller spinner and
four 7.9-mm MG 17 on the nose back and
in the wings
Country: Germany
Producer: Messerschmitt A.G.
The Messerschmitt Bf 109 was a World War II fighter aircraft

designed in the early 1930s, the first truly modern fighter of the
era combining the features of all-metal monocoque construction,
a closed canopy and a retractable landing gear. This model had
some weaknesses in its construction, but nevertheless it stayed
competitive until the end of the war - though the Luftwaffe kept
looking for an all-round replacement, the Me 109's fighting qua-
lities were good enough to keep it in production.
After the end of the war, some Me 109s were produced in the
Czechoslovakia as the Avia S-99 and Avia S-199, modified Me
109G-14s, the latter with a Junkers Jumo 211F engine. In Spain, a
modified Me 109G-2, called the Hispano Ha 1112 was built with
various engines fitted.
49
Messerschmitt Bf-110
Type: two-seated heavy fighter
38.40 sq. m
Equipment: two 20-mm MG 151 and four
7.92-mm MG 17 in the forward fuselage
as well as one 7.92-mm twin-gun MG 81Z on rotary carriage in the
backward cockpit for defense backwards
Country: Germany
Producer: Messerschmitt A.G.
The Messerschmitt Bf110 was a twin-engine heavy fighter in the

service of the Luftwaffe during World War II.
The Bf110 successfully participated in the Polish and French
campaigns. However, the Battle of Britain revealed its fatal weak-
nesses as a daylight fighter against more maneuverable single-
engine aircraft. Because of this disadvantage the Luftwaffe used
this model of plane primarily as a night fighter where its range,
firepower and ability to mount a radar stood it in good stead.
After The Battle of Britain Bf-110 units largely moved to the
Russian and Mediterranean theatres of war. The production of the
Bf-110 was put on a low priority in 1941 and stepped up again in
1942 after the development of the Me-210, the Bf-110's intended
successor, proved to be unsuccessful.
50
Dornier Do 217
Type: four-seated night fighter/long-
range bomber
Weight: loaded mass 13 700 kg; airbor-
ne weight 19 780 kg
Dimensions: wingspan 19 m; length
(with antennas) 18.90 m; height 5 m;
wing area 57 sq. m
Equipment: hull nose overhead four
fixed 7.92-mm MGs 17, hull nose beneath four fixed 20-mm MGs
151, hull back \"Schrage Musik\" installed with four fixed 20-
mm MGs 151, which could fire at angle of 70 degree forward
upwards
Country: Germany
Producer: Dornier
The Dornier Do 217 was a World War II medium bomber designed

from scratch as a replacement for the venerable Dornier Do 17.
However, it was used in a variety of different variants and roles,
including night fighter.
The Dornier Do 217 was one of the most successful models. It could
carry double the bomb load further than both the Ju 88 and the
He 111. It was also very fast, matching the speed of the Ju 88. It
was Germany's largest bomber for several years until the Heinkel
He 177 was finally safe enough to use. The most remarkable Do
217's role in World War II - sank of the Italian battleship “Roma”
with Fritz X missiles.
Production of these models was stopped in late 1944 in flavor of
fighters.
51
Heinkel He-111
Type: five-seated, medium-weight
night-intruder/pathfinder and cargo
glider midair towing aircraft
16.40 m; height 4 m; wing area 86.50
sq. m
Equipment: one 20-mm MG FF, one MG 131 and up to seven 7.9-mm MG
15/MG 81 as well as one 2000-kg bomb external and one 500-kg
bomb or eight 250-kg bombs internal"
Country: Germany
Producer: Ernst Heinkel Flugzeugwerke GmbH
The Heinkel He 111 was the primary Luftwaffe medium bomber

during the early stages of World War II, and is perhaps the most
obvious symbol of the German side of the Battle of Britain.
Developed from a pre-war airliner design, the He 111 was fazed
out of front line service in 1942, but remained in production until
the end of the war.
An interesting design note is the fuselage bomb bay. It was desi-
gned to carry 8 SC250, 250 kg bombs nose up in 8 cells. This
resulted in the bomb doing a flip as it was dropped out of the air-
craft, and supposedly increased accuracy. What it did do was seve-
rely limit what the 111 could carry internally. To carry larger
and heavier bombs, it was forced to use external weapon mounts,
which slowed the bomber with increased drag.
The Heinkel He 111 was widely used by Germany during the Battle
of Britain. The plane was also used by the Spanish company CASA,
which produced a number of He 111s for Spain's own use. These
models were designed as the 2.111, and served Spain until 1965.
52
Focke Wulf Fw-190
Type: single-seated fighter and
fighter-bomber
Weight: empty weight 3 500 kg; normal
takeoff weight 4 300 kg; total airbor-
ne weight 4 840 kg
sq. m
Equipment: two MG 151/20 with 250 rounds per gun, two 13-mm MG
131 per 475 rounds; ETC504 rack for one 500-kg bomb SC500
Country: Germany
Producer:
The Focke-Wulf Fw 190 was a single-seat, single-engine fighter

aircraft of the Luftwaffe. Used extensively during WW II from
1941 over 20,000 were manufactured including around 6,000
fighter-bomber models.
The first prototype was flown on June 1, 1939 and soon proved to
have good qualities for such a comparatively small craft inclu-
ding excellent handling, good visibility and promising speed
(initially around 610 km/h). Its wide landing gear made it a more
versatile aircraft than the Bf 109 and a safer one. Examples were
delivered to front-line squadrons in late 1940 but the aircraft
did not reach combat units in any numbers until August /
September 1941.
Luftwaffe used this model of plane during its invasion in Britain
as a fighter and rarely as a bomber.
53
Junkers 87 Stuka
Type: anti-tank aircraft
Weight: empty weight exactly 4 400 kg;
max. takeoff weight exactly 6 600 kg
sq. m
Equipment: two BK 3.7-cm guns and one
7.92-mm MG 81 on rotary carriage plus
bomb-load, if the guns were not car-
ried under the wings
Country: Germany
Producer: Junkers
The Junkers Ju 87 or Stuka was the most famous German dive bom-
ber in World War II, instantly recognizable by its inverted gull-
wings and fixed undercarriage.
The Stuka's design featured some innovative features, including
an automatic pull-up system to ensure that the plane recovered
from its attack dive even if the pilot blacked out from the high
acceleration, and wind-powered sirens on the wheel covers that
wailed during dives to scare its victims. More than six thousand
Ju 87s were built between 1936 and August 1944.
The Stuka was sturdy, accurate, and very effective, but also slow
and vulnerable to enemy fighters. The Germans learned in the
Battle of Britain that air superiority must be obtained before
ground attack aircraft could be effectively used. After the Battle
of Britain, the Stuka was little used in western Europe, but it
remained effective further south where Allied fighters were in
short supply (notably in the attacks on Crete and Malta), and was
used in vast numbers on the Eastern Front, although the steady
rise in Soviet airpower as the war progressed meant that Stuka
squadrons suffered very heavy losses.
54
Junkers 88
Type: three-seated night fighter
Weight: empty weight (typically) 9081
kg; normally loaded 13 095 kg, over-
loaded 14 690 kg
Dimensions: wingspan 20 m; length
(without radar) 14.54 m; with SN-2
16.50 m antennas; height 4.85 m; wing
area 54.50 sq. m
Equipment: (example in the picture)
four 20-mm MG 151, padded, 200 rounds per barrel
Country: Germany
Producer: Junkers
The Junkers Ju 88 was a WW2 Luftwaffe twin-engine multi-role

aircraft. Among the most versatile planes of the war, it was used
as a bomber, close-support aircraft, night fighter, torpedo bomber
and reconnaissance aircraft.
It carried out almost every kind of mission, even a giant flying
bomb, in every theater, with many nations, including allied
nations against Germany.
The Battle of Britain proved very costly. Its faster speed did not
prevent Ju-88 losses greater than its Dornier Do 17 and Heinkel
He 111 stable mates, despite being in smaller numbers than either.
55
Messerschmitt Me-262
Type: single-seated fighter to achie-
ve air superiority
Weight: empty weight 3 795 kg; loaded
mass 4 413 kg; takeoff weight 6 387 kg
sq. m
Equipment: four Rheinmetall-Borsig
Mk 108A 3.30-mm guns per 100 rounds ammunition for the upper
twin and per 80 rounds for the lower twin; the weapons were gui-
ded on the target by the Revi 16.B or the gyroscopic viewing devi-
ce EZ.42; in addition, per one mount for 12 R4M air-to-air rockets
on the wing underside
Country: Germany
Producer: Messerschmitt
The Messerschmitt Me 262 was the first operational jet powered

aircraft. It was mass-produced in World War II and saw action
from late 1944 in bomber/reconnaissance and fighter/interceptor
roles. German pilots nicknamed it the Turbo, while to the allies it
was the Stormbird.
Although often viewed as a last Nazi’s super weapon, the Me 262
was already being developed as project P.1065 before the start of
WWII. Plans were first drawn up in April 1939, and the original
design was very similar to the plane that would eventually enter
service.
Conversely, the higher power of jet engines at higher speeds
meant the Me 262 enjoyed a much higher climb speed. Used tacti-
cally, this gave the jet fighter an even greater speed advantage
than level flight at top speed.
After the end of the war, the Me 262 as well as other advanced
German technology was quickly swept up by both the Soviets and
the Americans. Many Me 262s were found in working condition by
both sides, and were confiscated. These aircraft were extensive-
ly studied, aiding development of early US and Soviet jet fighters.
For example, design and construction of the Me 262 influenced
directly such models of planes, as the F-86 Sabre and the Sukhoi
Su-9 (1946).
56
Arado
Type: intercontinental jet bomber
Weight: takeoff weight 47 845 kg;
19.2 m; wing area 140 sq. m
Equipment: bomb-load 4 000 kg
Max. speed 920 km/h; range 6 400 km
Country: Germany
Producer: Arado Flugzeugwerke GmBH
The Arado Ar 234 Blitz was the world's first operational jet powe-
red bomber, built by the Arado company in the closing stages of
World War II. In the field it was used almost entirely in the recon-
naissance role, but in its few uses as a bomber it proved to be
impossible to intercept.
The only notable use of the plane in the bomber role was their use
in the attempt to destroy the Ludendorf Bridge at Remagen. The
aircraft continued to fight in a scattered fashion until Germany
surrendered on May 8th, 1945.
Some were shot down in air combat, destroyed by flak (sometimes
their own), or bounced by Allied fighters when they came in to
land. But most simply sat on the airfields waiting for fuel which
never arrived.
57
B-17 Flying Fortress
Type: heavy high bomber
takeoff weight: 29 700 kg
Dimensions: length 22.80 m; wingspan
sq. m
Equipment: one bombing hatch for
maximum 5 800 kg bomb-load (stan-
dard load 2 724 kg)
Country: USA, UK
Producer: Boeing
The B-17 Flying Fortress was the first mass-produced, four-

engine heavy bomber. It is still one of the most recognized air-
planes ever built. It was most widely used for daylight strategic
bombings of German industrial targets during World War II as
part of the United States Eighth Air Force.
The first B-17 went into service in 1938. By 1941 December 7, few
B-17s were in use by the Army. Following the attack on Pearl
Harbor, production was quickly accelerated. The aircraft served
in every World War II combat zone. Production ended in May 1945
after 12,726 aircraft had been built.
The B-17 was noted for its ability to take battle damage, still
reach its target and bring its crew home. It reportedly was much
easier to fly than its contemporaries, and its toughness more
than compensated for its shorter range and lighter bomb load
when compared to the Consolidated B-24 Liberator or the British
Avro Lancaster heavy bombers.
The B-17 served in dozens of units in theatres of combat throu-
ghout World War II. Its main use was in Europe, where its shorter
range and smaller bomb load relative to other aircraft available
did not hamper it as much as in the Pacific Theatre. It was also
used by the Royal Air Force, though mainly roles other than those
it had been designed for.
58
Gloster Meteor F.Mk 8
Type: single-seated interceptor
sq. m
Equipment: four Hispano 20-mm for-
ward fuselage guns with 195 rounds
per weapon
Country: USA
Producer: Gloster Aircraft Company
The Gloster Meteor was the RAF's first jet fighter aircraft, intro-
duced into service only weeks after the Messerschmitt Me 262 in
August 1944. Originally the aircraft was to have been named
Thunderbolt, but confusion with the American Republic P-47 led
to a name change to Meteor. Versions of the Meteor remained in
front-line service for many years, and as a night fighter even
longer. There were 8 prototype models of this plane, the fifth pro-
totype was the first Meteor to fly, when it made its first test
flight on March 5, 1943. The first aircraft were delivered to the
Royal Air Force on July 12, 1944 and one was also sent to the US in
exchange for a Bell YP-59A Airacomet for comparative evaluation.
The Meteor Mk. I saw action for the first time on July 27, 1944
against the V1 Flying Bomb. The Meteor never saw aerial combat
against the Luftwaffe despite flying missions over Germany from
January 1945, using the Mk. III variant from bases in Belgium.
Production of the aircraft continued until 1954 and almost 3,900
were made, mainly the Mk. 8. The Meteor was also operated by the
air forces of Argentina, Belgium, Brazil, France, Egypt, Israel,
Syria and Sweden. Late versions, beginning with the F.8 in 1948
were the first British production aircraft to be equipped with
ejection seats.
59
F-80 Shooting Star
Type: single-seated fighter and
fighter-bomber
Weight: empty weight 3 500 kg; normal
takeoff weight 4 300 kg; total airbor-
ne weight 4 840 kg
sq. m
Equipment: two MG 151/20 with 250 rounds per gun, two 13-mm MG
131 with 475 rounds per gun, ETC504 rack for one 500-kg bomb
SC500
Country: USA
Producer: Lockheed
The P-80 Shooting Star was the first operational jet fighter
model used by the United States Army Air Force. The design was
conventional, an all-metal airframe with a slim low wing and
tricycle undercarriage.
The Shooting Star began to enter service in early 1945, and 45 had
been delivered before the war ended. That’s why it is possible to
say, that P-80 actually didn't see combat in World War II.
After the war production continued, although the initial order
for 5,000 was quickly reduced to 2,000 at a little under $100,000
each. They saw combat service in the Korean War, mainly the more
powerful F-80C variant.
P-39 Airacobra
Tipo: caccia e cacciabombardiere
Peso totale: 3.810 kg
Type: fighter and fighter-bomber
Weight: total weight 3 810 kg
Dimensions: length 9.20 m; wingspan
10.36 m; wing area 19.79 sq. m; height
3.61 m
Equipment: one 37 mm gun, four 12.7 mm
MGs; one 226 kg bomb
Country: USA
Producer: Bell
60
The Bell P-39 Airacobra was one of the principal fighter aircraft
of American forces at the beginning of World War II.
The aircraft had very unusual design – it featured its Allison
engine mounted in the middle of the fuselage, just behind the
pilot, driving the propeller through a driveshaft passing betwe-
en the pilot's feet. The purpose of this was to free up space for the
heavy main armament, a 37 mm T9 cannon firing through the cen-
ter of the propeller hub for optimum accuracy and stability when
firing.
It is commonly believed that the Airacobra was used as a ground-
attack airplane by the Soviet Union; the lack of a turbo-super-
charger restricting it to low-altitude combat. In fact, it appears
that the Soviets did not use it for ground-attack, but instead to
provide top cover.
Top scoring Soviet aces Pokryshkin and Rechkalov flew P-39
until end of World War II, even when more advanced fighters were
available.
Northrop P-61B
Type: three-seated night fighter
Weight: empty weight 10 637 kg; max. overloaded 16 420 kg
sq. m
Equipment: four 20-mm guns M2 with
200 rounds per barrel; backward tur-
ret with four Colt-Browning machine-
guns, caliber 12.7 mm, 560 rounds per
barrel
Country: USA
Producer: Northrop
The Northrop P-61 called Black Widow was the first American
aircraft designed specifically as a radar-equipped night fighter.
The peculiarity of this model – the plane was designed to carry
the centimetric SCR-720 radar.
700 models of this plane were built to serve in the Pacific from
May 1944 onwards and over Europe from June.
61
B-25H Mitchell
Type: five-seated light bomber to neu-
tralize ships
sq. m
Equipment: one T13E1 75-mm gun with
21 rounds in forward fuselage, four 12.7-mm MG in the aircraft
nose, four MG pods on the sides of the forward hull, two MG in the
backward turret, two MG at the rear and per one MG on the middle
hull sides plus up to eight 12.7-mm rockets under the outer sur-
faces and up to 1 361 kg internal installed bombs
Country: USA
Producer: North American Aviation
B-25 Mitchell was a twin-engined, medium bomber manufactured

by North American Aviation in the United States and used during
World War II.
The B-25 was meant originally to bomb from medium altitudes in
level flight. It’s most famous role – bombing in the 1942 Doolittle
Raid.
It served in every combat theatre and was used by a number of
countries other than the United States, including Australia,
Britain (which received more than 900), China, The Netherlands,
and Russia. Its nickname 'Mitchell' was in honor of General Billy
Mitchell, an early proponent of airpower.
62
Credits
MAUS Software
Lead Programmer
Igor Bozhko
Lead Artist
Juri Pazinich
Programming
Vyacheslav Kudrya
Andrey Ostroverkhov
3D Modelling
Dmitry Klevtsov
Oleg Shikaryov
Alexandr Palaguta
Maxim Matsyuk
Andrey Samoylov
Interface
Juri Pazinich
Textures
Jana Kiselyova
Dmitry Klevtsov
Oleg Shinkaryov
Maxim Matsyuk
Landscapes
Jana Kiselyova
Intro
Juri Pazinich
Oleg Shinkaryov
Music
Dirk Hinkelmann-Grueber
Evgeniy Militsa
Russian State Archive of Phono Documents
Audio
Dirk Hinkelmann-Grueber
Stephen Robert Taylor
Alexey Gritsenko
Texts
Ekaterina Yakovenko
Andrey Ostroverkhov
63
Consultant
Michael Kobets
3D Testing
Vyacheslav Kudrya
Testing
Kirill Galanov
Ekaterina Yakovenko
Alexey Gritsenko
BLACK BEAN
www.blackbeangames.com
HEAD OF MARKETING
Marco Minoli
PRODUCT MANAGER
Davide Bordegoni
LOCALIZATION MANAGER
Gabriele Alemani
ACCOUNTING MANAGER
Marina Poretti
INTERNATIONAL LOCALIZATION
Synthesis International Srl
SPECIAL THANKS TO:
Luisa Bixio
Brock Beaubien
Marco Boldini
Stewart Braybrook
Livio Cantagallo
Moira Cauzzo
Domenico Cuda
David Halse
Chris Mehers
Chiara Mellerio
Jay Podilchuk
Biagio Sileno
Pro Sotos
Andrea Spinazzola
Emanuel Wall
Emanuele Zecchin
64

Battle of Europe: Royal Air Forces

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Battle of Europe

Royal Air Forces

How to play: interface and main controls . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18

Scores: how to get and to use them . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21

System of bonuses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .24

Battle of Europe is an action arcade, which turns you into a

Battle of Europe includes:

Battle of Europe features:

Please note: if autorun option is disabled in your operational

3. Follow instructions of the installation wizard to install the

The main menu has the following structure:

Your scores and bonuses

The diary shows you the

The “New” button allows

The “Delete” button allows

The “Back” button returns

The “Next” button starts

The next screen is split into 2 columns.

To proceed to the next screen, press the “Next” button.

After choosing the air-

To return to the previous

Click the “Missions” but-

You can select one of them and play it once more.

All bonuses you've earned in these missions will be added to your

Select one mission and click "Next". Or click "Back" to return to

To proceed to the next

On the next screen you can

After choosing the air-

To return to the previous screen, press the “Back” button.

Press the “Options” button to open the Options screen. On this

From easy to hard your "life" decreases, enemies become more

Auto aim. Available variants:

Radar distance. Available variants:

Texture details. Available variants:

Texture compression. Available variants:

Geometry details. Available variants:

Terrain visibility. Available variants:

Terrain detail textures. Available variants:

Mouse inverse. Available variants:

Choose the model you’re

To receive further information about the aircraft of Battle of

Press the “Back” button to

The screen is split into 2

In the left column you can

After selecting a pilot click "Play" to go further.

Battle of Europe has intui-

All you need to do to take off is to perform fol-

To land the plane, perform these steps in rever-

To control the plane, use following default keys:

See Bonus System for further information about aerobatic maneu-

During the game you can use following camera modes:

Press "B" to switch to the bombing view.

Selecting weapon, shooting

Each plane has 2 types of weapon: primary and secondary weapon.

Battle of Europe features branching of missions. In means, that

Strategy of earning scores

During each mission you receive or loose game scores. To earn

You can get extra scores:

You can loose scores:

“Prices” of different objects in the game

As it was said above, you earn extra scores, destroying different

Object \ Price Enemy Hit own air- Own unit