Professional Documents
Culture Documents
The Hub:: Internet Networking Devices
The Hub:: Internet Networking Devices
:
Only 3 devices are required for our CCNA syllabus :
1. The hub :
So the hub can only copy the broadcast and not stop it.
2. A switch:
- It’s an intelligent device, because it has ASIC
(Application Specific Integration Circuitry). An ASIC
has the feature of storing the MAC address
information.
- Can learn the MAC addresses connected to it.
- It has something called CAM.
- It has as many collision domains as the number of
ports: it can send information to a specific device
without having to broadcast it.
- It has one broadcast domaine.
- It should be connected in the same network.
- Does not have a power switch.
- It has a lot of ports.
3. Router:
- An intelligent device.
- It has many collision domains as the number of
ports.
- It has many broadcast domains: if it receives
broadcast traffic, it drops it; it’s called the border
device.
- It can be connected to different Networks.
- It has a switch.
- Has 2 gigabyte ports and 2 fast Ethernets.
Data transmission:
Data transmission on Ethernet happens only using MAC
addresses.
The transmission happens when we the device knows
the MAC address of the destination. In order to know
it, it uses a protocol called ARP (Address Resolution
Protocol)
In a local transmission:
- The device sends the IP address with the ARP
request to the switch.
- The switch sends the info to all the ports.
- They all drops it, only the device concerns put
its MAC address on it and send a reply.
- The switch receives the MAC address and
sends it back to the first device.
- The first device forms a packet and sends it to
the Switch.
- The switch sends it to the right destination.
In different networks:
- When the device realizes that the IP address is
not from the same network: If it knows the
MAC address it creates a packet, if not it goes
from the same process to create a packet.
- Then the packet is sent to the Switch.
- Then to the router that updates its info and
sends it to the next router.
- Then to the device concerned.
Connecting CISCO devices:
All the CISCO devices have:
- Console port (light blue): that can be connected to
a computer. It uses a serial port that is not
available in today’s computers. We need to plug it
to a serial USB, and then connect the USB with the
computer (we need to install a USB serial driver
and comport to use any terminal software).
- AUX port: Can be connected to a modem. It’s used
to get out of band access to the device.
A router:
- 2 gigabyte ports
- 2 fast Ethernets
We connect them to other networking devices
and form your network.
- Another USB port: used to see your external
storage.
After connecting the device using the console part and
a cable, we upload terminal software. They are 4 most
popular: Putty; Tera Term; Secure CRT; Hyper Term.
After installing one of them: Serial line: COM1; Speed
9600; Serial
- The first mode any device logs into is USER EXEC
MODE, whoever is connected to have the least
privilege. It shows the sign (Router>).
- We can add shortcuts.
- To go to the highest privilege, we type enable. It
shows the sign (#).
- Next mode is: global configuration mode.
- We change systems in the configure terminal.