Central asia East asia South asia

historyCentral Asia has historically been closely tied The homes were Influence from Central
to its circular structures of Asia through
nomadic peoples and the Silk Road. It has acted as a mud and wood with mountain
crossroads for the movement of people, goods, and overhanging thatched passes in the north,
ideas roofs, all raised on from Persia and
between Europe, West Asia, South Asia, and East shallow foundations Graeco-
Asia. The with fire pits at the Roman Western Asia
Silk Road connected Muslim lands with the people center. Entrance through Baluchistan
of ramps (Afghanistan)
Europe, South Asia, and East Asia. This crossroads sloped down into the • Excavations at
position dwelling. Such pit Harappa and
has intensified the conflict between tribalism and houses, with furs Rajasthan (in
traditionalism and modernization lying on the floors present day, Pakistan)
. In the 6th century CE the first Turkic people and indicate close links of
established an hanging from the Indus Valley-Harappan
empire that lasted for two centuries and greatly inner walls for culture with that of
influenced insulation, were Mesopotamia
the region’s subsequent ethnic character. After comfortable places to • Successive military
expansion live. If the and economic
by Turkic peoples, Central Asia also became the timber beams could incursions
homeland be kept dry and the brought art and
for the Kazakhs, Uzbeks, Tatars, Turkmen, Kyrgyz thatch was properly architecture in Aryan,
and maintained, a pit Persian, Graeco-
Uyghurs; Turkic languages largely replaced the house Roman, Sassanian,
Iranian could last twenty Muslim,
languages spoken in the area. years. The dead were Portuguese, French
buried in the back of and English
nearby sacred caves
or
in simple pits outside
the village in a
communal burial
area. The remains of
children,
it seems, were
interred in urns just
outside their homes.
Within the town
there were
large open plazas and
storage holes, and at
the center of the
village was a large
house, presumed a
clan or community
center, which was
built of a heavy
 timber
construction. One
area of the village
was dedicated to the
production of
pottery,
indicating the
emergence of craft
specialization. Pottery
was used not only in
daily life
but also in mortuary
rituals. (Ching, 2017)
religionBuddhism and Zoroastrianism were the In terms of religion, Mauryan p- Ashoka
major faiths in Central Asia prior to the the Hongshan and proclaimed Buddhism
arrival of Islam. The transmission of Buddhism along Yangshao cultures as the state
the Silk Road eventually were shamanistic. A religion and spread its
brought the religion to China. Contact and migration shaman is an message to the four
with Han people from China intermediary corners of the land
has brought Confucianism, Daoism, Mahayana between the natural through state-funded
Buddhism, and other Chinese folk and the spiritual monasteries, grants,
beliefs into the region. Amongst the Turkic peoples, worlds who travels and his famous
Tengrism was the leading between these rockedicts,
religious form before the onslaught of Islam worlds in a trance. A which dot the face of
tomb at Puyang, modern Orissa
dating from about and central India.
4000 BC, is Buddhist arki
likely that of a Hinduism arki
shaman priest. It was Hinduism - The
made in the shape of dominant religion of
a single, squarish India,
room based upon the
with a lobed space at religion of the original
the rear. A man was Aryan
buried in the settlers as expounded
pounded earth floor, and evolved in the
flanked Vedas, having a
by a dragon on one diverse body of
side and a tiger on philosophy
the other, both and cultural practices,
painstakingly and many popular cults,
beautifully and a large pantheon
made of hundreds of symbolizing a
shells. Dragons and supreme
tigers, still central to being of many forms
Chinese Confucian and natures.
symbolism, are Buddhism
considered to be is outside the Hindu
 prospectors in both tradition but is
life and death. Hill regarded
ranges, as a related religion;
especially those with also called
prominent peaks, are Brahmanism,
considered to be included the worship
dragons. of gods in the form of
images
Climate – Kazakhstan has an "extreme" continental The greater part of he climate of South
climate, with warm China has a monsoon Asia can be divided
summers and very cold winters. Indeed, Nursultan is climate. Winter into three basic kinds:
the second coldest monsoon winds tropical, dry, and
capital city in the world after Ulaanbaatar. ) from Siberia and temperate. The
Precipitation varies between Mongolian Plateau northeast is from
arid and semi-arid conditions, the winter being cross China, tropical to subtropical
particularly dry. This results to a cold (temperate). Moving
and dry winter. The west the moisture and
southeast elevation change,
monsoon brings causing a steppe and a
humid air from over desert climate that is
the ocean, and like the Middle East.
weather in central, There is also a part of
eastern, south- steppe climate in the
eastern and south- center of the lower
western parts of peninsula. Two parts
China is hot of the South Asia
and the precipitation climate especially
high. The affect the people. One
northernmost like the monsoons.[4]
Heilongjiang province These changing winds
is near-subarctic bring lots of the area's
and has little rain, so when they do
summer. Tibet not come early, the
Qinghai mountain is land becomes very
perpetually covered dry[5]. Hurricanes also
with snow. happen every year
Yunnan-Guizhou and sometimes
Plateau on the other destroy many things.
hand, enjoys In the extreme north
continuous spring-like of India and Pakistan,
weather the climate is affected
and Hainan Island by the mountains.[4]
semitropical summer There is a mild climate
all year long. The near the Indus river
hinterland in the where farmers grow
northwest crops like rice and tea.
has a typical
continental climate,
 the influences of
which can be seen in
Chinese
architecture. For
example, in the
north, buildings are
oriented southward
to the sun;
in the south they are
designed for shade
and to encourage
natural air movement
as is
common in tropical
monsoon climates.
(Cruickshank, 2011)
Decorations and elements Mosques, madrasahs Dougong (Chinese: 斗 • Mouldings of
and other buildings in Central Asia are famous for 拱; pinyin: dǒugǒng; bulbous character,
their colorful tilework. The tiles not only make the lit. 'cap [and] block') often
building look beautiful they also make them appear is a structural heavily undercut-
lighter. The tiles are set up to reflect the desert sun. element of strong shadow lines
Deep cobalt blue and turquoise (meaning "color of interlocking wooden • Ornament is
the Turks") were often featured on domes. brackets, one of the restrained in
most important character
In keeping with the Muslim taboo on elements in • Painted wall
representations of animals and people, the tiles, traditional Chinese decorations and bas-
walls and arches were decorated with calligraphy, architecture. relief
floral designs and geometric shapes. The calligraphy
is often either in the stylized kufic script favored by The use of dougong
the Timurids or the often filiated thulth scripts. first appeared in
buildings of the late
The tiles come in variety of styles: stamped, centuries BC and
chromatic (one color painted on and then fired), evolved into a
polychromatic (several colors painted on and then structural network
fired), and faience (carved onto wet clay and then that joined pillars and
fired). Other decorative features include carved and columns to the frame
painted woodwork. patterned brickwork and carved of the roof. Dougong
ghanch (alabaster). was widely used in
the ancient Chinese
during the Spring and
Autumn period (770–
476 BC) and
developed into a
complex set of
interlocking parts by
its peak in the Tang
and Song periods.
The pieces are fitted
 together by joinery
alone without glue or
fasteners, due to the
precision and quality
of the carpentry.

After the Song

Dynasty, brackets and
bracket sets became
more ornamental
than structural when
used in palatial
structures and
important religious
buildings, no longer
the traditional
dougong.
Architectural character and Feature Unity of structure • Shrines designed for
Features associated with the famous Timurid within architectural congregational use,
Architecture found in Samarkand and elsewhere in art large groups of
Central Asia include massive blue domes, often worshippers
ribbed; tile- and mosaic-covered portals (gateway Good anti-seismic The Jain and Hindu
facades); towering, tapering minarets; and function styles overlapped and
courtyards lined with cell-like quarters. The huge A high degree of produced the
entrance portal featured in some buildings, as high standardization elaborate all over
as 30 meters, are intended to dwarf all those who Bright colors patterns
stand before Allah. Systemic grouping of carved in bands that
buildings. became the
Traditional Central Asia cities had an inner city and distinguishing feature
an outer city surrounded by a wall, intended to keep of Indian
storms, bandits and marauding horses out. Many architecture.
cities had water brought in by aqueducts and stored • The Jains often built
in reservoirs. on a gigantic scale, a
marked feature being
pointed domes
constructed of level
courses of corbeled
stones.
Description East Asia is a modern The region consists
geographic of Afghanistan,
Architecture of Central Asia refers to the designation. Today Bangladesh, Bhutan,
architectural styles of the numerous societies that East Asia comprises India,
have occupied Central Asia throughout history. China, Korea, Japan, the Maldives, Nepal,
These styles include Timurid architecture of the Vietnam, Mongolia, Pakistan, and Sri
14th and 15th centuries, Islamic-
and Tibet. Parts of all Lanka.
influenced Persian architecture and 20th century
Soviet Modernism. Central Asia is an area that of them except Japan Topographically, it is
encompasses land from the Xinjiang Province have at one time dominated by
been part of China. the Indian Plate and
of China in the East to the Caspian Sea in the China, Korea, Japan, defined largely by
West. The region is made up of the countries and Vietnam use the Indian Ocean on
of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Chinese characters in the south, and
and Turkmenistan.[1] The influence of Timurid their classical the Himalayas,
Architecture can be recognised in numerous sites
languages. Buddhist Karakoram,
in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan,[2][3] whilst the
influence of Persian Architecture is seen architecture stands in and Pamir mountains
frequently in Uzbekistan and in some examples in all six countries. on the north.
Turkmenistan.[4] Examples of Soviet Architecture The majority of The Amu Darya, which
can be found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, buildings are rises north of
Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan supported by timber the Hindu Kush, forms
frames. The timber part of the
pieces are modular, northwestern border.
so the measurements On land
of certain (clockwise), South
components can be Asia is bounded
used to derive the by Western Asia,
measurements of Central Asia, East
others. Buildings Asia, and Southeast
usually are part of Asia.
groups that form
around or inside
courtyards.
Sometimes the
courtyards are
enclosed by covered
arcades; other times
they are enclosed by
walls. The principles
of enclosure and
walling extend to
cities. A front gate is
part of almost any
East Asian building
group. Although it is
rare for a building in
East Asia to stand in
isolation, every
building group has
one main structure.
Most architecture in
East Asia is built by
craftsmen.
Central Asian mosques typically have a large Examples Three types of
portal which leads to a colonnaded space Palaces and villas structures are
(sometimes open, sometimes closed) and covered Shrines associated with
prayer area. Many small mosques have a pointed Mausolea the religious
roof supported by carved wooden columns. Some
Buddhist temples architecture of early
large ones have an enclosed space divided by
Halls, pavilion,and Buddhism:
many supporting pillars. See Islam Architecture. monasteries monasteries (viharas),
 Central Asian minarets are typically made of
Grottoes stupas, and temples
brick, sometimes covered with tiles, and often Daoist temples and • Stupa - A Buddhist
tapered inward to make the building nearby look palaces, memorial mound
bigger. Some have stairways which the muezzin Houses and private erected
climbed to call the faithful to prayer from the top. gardens to enshrine a relic of
Others, like he ones at the Registan, are purely bridges Buddha and to
ornamental. commemorate some
 Mausoleums were built by famous leader to event or mark a
highlight their fame or to honor holymen. Most sacred
have a prayer room set under a domed cupola. spot
The actual tombs may be located in a central hall BUDDHIST
or underground in a crypt-like room. Some have ARCHITECTURAL
accommodation, washrooms and kitchens. CHARACTER
 You can al fined forts ( arks), multi-domed • Stambha or Lath
bathhouses ( hamans), caravanserais ( rabat), • Stupa
shopping arcades, covered bazaars ( tok) and • Chaitya
reservoirs ( hauz) in Central Asia. • Vihara