EVAPORATOR CALCULATIONS

Flowrate of feed Feed conc. Product conc Feed temp. Intenal Press. Avarage Cp
Mf Sf Sp Tf P Cp
Kg/hr % % Deg C mm Hg KJ/Kg.K
1000 8 45 25 760 3.5

Material balance

Propduct flowrate = Mp = 177.8 Kg/hr

Solvent to be evaporated = Mv = 822.2 Kg/hr

Enter the boilingb temp. of the solution at the operating pressure = tb = 100 Deg C
The boiling point rise at given concentration = BPR = 6 Deg C
So the true boiling temp of solution = TB = 106 Deg C
Latent heat at boiling temp. = hl = 2230 KJ/Kg

Energy balance
Heat to be supplied for the given duty by steam = H = 588.07 KW
So quantity of steam required = Ms = 945.11 Kg/hr

Enter U for the evaporqator = U = 500 W/m2.K

TD for given duty = TD = 14.11 Deg C
So area required for the operation = A = 83.36 m2
Tubes available with diameter = do = 25 mm
length = L = 4 m
No of tubes required for the evaporator = Nt = 265
Steam economy = E = 0.87
Steam pressure Latent heat of steam Steam temp
Absolute P hs Ts
Kg/cm2 KJ/Kg Deg C
2 2240 120.1099
EVAPORATOR CALCULATIONS

Enter the no of effects to be used 4

Flowrate of feed Feed conc. Product conc Feed temp. Avarage C

Mf Sf Sp Tf Cp
Kg/hr % % Deg C KJ/Kg.K
15000 8 45 25 3.5

Unit Steam 1 effect 2 effect 3 effect

P abs mm Hg 1520.0 760 440 160
Sat temp C 120.1 101 88.1 68.4
BPR 5 5 5
Tb act 106 93.1 73.4
Latent heat KJ/Kg 2234 2261 2288 2332
Overall heat transfer coefficients W/m2K 2500 1500 1200

Material balance

Propduct flowrate = Mp = 2666.67 Kg/hr

Solvent to be evaporated = V = 12333.33 Kg/hr

Assuming the ratio of evaporation 1.05

of (n+1) effect to N effect
V1 V2 V3
1effect 2 effect 3 effect
1 1.05 1.1025

So V1 = 2861.48 Kg/hr
V2 = 3004.55
V3 = 3154.78
V4 = 3312.52
V = 12333.33 ( FOR CHECKING)

For first effect

Heat load = L1 = 2978.59 KW
Steam consumption = Ms = 4800.77 Kg/hr
Area required = A1 = 84.44 m2

For second effect

Heat laod = L2 = 1797.34 KW
Area required = A2 = 92.89 m2

For third effect

Heat load = L3 = 1909.79 KW
Area required = A3 = 80.84 m2
1
For forth effect
Heat load = L4 = 2043.53
 Area required = A4 = 80.45 m2

So Area required per effect = A = 84.66 m2

Tubes available of Diameter = do = 50 mm
Length = L = 4.8 m

So No of tubes per effect = Nt = 112.34

For total operation = 449.34

Steam economy 2.57 Kg/Kg steam

Capacity 12333.33 Kg/hr
Capacity per effect 3083.33 Kg/hr

Economic considerations

Effect Economy capacity Steam

consumption
Kg/hr
1 0.88 12333.3333333333 14015.15152
2 1.61 6166.66666666667 7660.455487
3 2.41 4111.11111111111 5117.565698
4 3.08 3083.33333333333 4004.329004

80 Economic evaluation

70 70.6363636363636 72

60
57
50
40 40
38.6086956521739
Cost

30
27.2 25.7925311203319
20 20.1818181818182
10
0
0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5
No of effects
Steam pressure
Absolute P
Kg/cm2
2

4 effect
25
43.0
Temp F
101.74
Hfg BTU/lb
1036.3 1050 T-
5 126.08 1022.2
48.0 141.48 1013.2

hfg BTU/lb
2391 152.97 1006.4 1000
1000 162.24 1001
170.06 996.2
176.85
182.86
992.1
988.5
950
188.28 985.2
(V1+V2+V3+V4) 193.21 982.1
212 970.3 900
80 100 12
Saturation 100 Deg. C
V4 Saturation 212 Deg. F.
4 effect Latent heat 977 Hfg BTU/lb
1.157625 2274 KJ/Kg.
544 Kcal/Kg.
 Operating cost Equp.cost/effect Fixed cost Total cost
Rs Lacs Lacs Lacs Lacs

70.6363636364 27.2 27.2 97.83636

38.6086956522 20 40 78.6087
25.7925311203 19 57 82.79253
20.1818181818 18 72 92.18182

319
0.1818181818182

4.5
 1050 T - hfg data
hfg BTU/lb

1000

950

900
80 100 120 Temp
140 160
F 180 200 220