Ñ optical

-
Instrument

5-↳ Pee
• Microscope
I Cerrito und
•
Telescope .

↳ Astronomical

-
key terms

risen lot
,e
•

h¥I §
1- and =

← D -
E
10=1,7
-

•
Least distance
g distant vision (D)

D= 25cm .

•
Near point ( strained eye
)
✓ =
intimate
f- position

= D.
, visual Angle
more .

•
For . Point ( Relaxed eye)

V = to -

visual angle less

,

•
Modifying power =
P /✗
( NP )
 visual Angle by Image
=
-

Visual Angle by object

( at image
positing

① simple microscope ( in
ascribing
glass)

Mp = 5- to
=

5 ✗

I 0 ✗

'
☐

'
A
←
D

AI!÷☐
t
M.P .
= m =
¥ =
,¥ ,
=

→
NdEt ( ✓ =D )
.

÷ I -
-

¥ .
 ÷ ±=¥ -

.
→
I. =
's -1¥ .

MD =
In =D (↳ +
f- )

fMD=1t¥\
-
-
①

→
For point adjustment ( ✓ =D
adjustment,
( Normal
f- I ¥
-
-
-

£ -

⇐ =

¥ =
, u=f .

/Mo
-
- - - ②

If f-
-
5cm MD = +1 = 6
,

Moo = = 5 .

di )
comd microscope

÷ii÷÷i÷÷÷¥:÷i :÷
-→
← L

"
"

⇐"

_←ue→
 1.*
" -
13 ← D

Lengthy microscope = V0 the .

141? =
¥ =
tgn =
A'☐Y
,
A B / D.

=(% ) ( Ee )

4¥11 I
=
no ✗ me .

M = m.o.me
=f¥ ) ( Ee )
Neerpoiatadiudfn.ee#(Ve-- D.)

÷ -

± -

I
¥ ± -
-

Ie "
Ie -

¥ -1¥ .

LD = Vo t he = Vo t ¥¥e .
 |m•=e÷k¥→
La=Vo-ue=Votf
Approximation
no → to

Vo → 1L

MD = -

⇐) ( it
¥) ←

¥ ¥
←
no =
-
-

Liii, nÉ telescope

objective eyepiece
"
-
← L

Ft
'
.÷

←
ne →

13
"
M .
P -
= £ =
tI¥ .
 =
A'B
'
't
A
/ ¥0

=
¥
( .to
Lengthy
= hue
=
-1 .

Telescope .

Near point adjustment ( ve =

D)

Ie -

b- +
¥ .

|L☐=to+D☐¥-
MD = fol ↳ +
Ie ) =
¥ ( -1¥ ) I
.

For point adjustment .

( Ve = o
)

he = te

(↳=t
Mor -

¥e
I

#En telescope
⇐ Gene ,

fe= ve
-
.
 "
D= ¥( 1-
¥)
e -

Telescope
Microscope -

M- =
÷ ¥ -
"• =
¥ .

ti
✓
Mad =
¥
Resolving power
II
( R P -

)m= 26,450-1
(Riff -

¥-2 , ,

sina.IN#mer--weap-e-oene
e.

g objective
D = aperture
g objective
.

I
 Resolution ( da )
limit g

A
=÷=¥n
y
¥ .

microscope do
¥ lil
=
: =
- - -

no

telescope : do __
1- =
1¥? - . -
ciii

do ✗ ✗

R P - .
✗
.

"
Ea,

÷
⑦

①
"
do -

f- =

1- 22Nd " 5
7 Y =
=
D-

= 1.22×5×157 ✗ 50
 = I - 22 ✗ 25×10-6

=
30h1
⑧ do =

1¥
=
1.22×25×10-72
705 ✗ 159
= roof

B_
⑥ fe = loom
,
L = In

Loo : to -1 te = too

to = 90cm .

Ma = = 9
.

⑦ La = to -1 te = 27

=) 30 + fe = 27 te = -3cm
-
-

Less-came#
I ✗ S ✗ t = Const . I = Intensity
-
①
RIIS
exposed
= Arca
d) i

t t exposure
neg
= -
 I t = Iz Az - ④
, ,

iii. I = const .

S T = sz AL
, ,

D
,
'
t
,
= Bite -
③

to lol texts
F- number =
Ene
=
¥ .

e-x.tl Is
,
1- I 12

I -

01--6 i

h -

_
51]

§ .
sin ] i =
§ who 2

sick = Ex 's ? ✗

=
¥ .

0< = sin - 1
( Jlp )
④
-117¥ )
0 -

- su
,

(E)
=
him =
GI

From plane mirror

n \ Retraces because
,

it taut - to
mirror .
Means .

Point A is
focus .

f. = 18cm .

( in air 1

= (1-5-1) ( Zz ) =) R =
18oz

Now
, tz = 27cm .

¥= ( n
,
-

1) (E)
¥ =
( in
,
-
1) ( %)
=) f- =
µ ,
-

1) → in
,
=
¥ .