“On my honour as a PHD student of IIT Delhi, I confirm here that I have submitted the progress

report to my SRC members via email on (23.07.2021 and 16.45 pm) to partially fulfil the
requirements of my DTD 899 evaluations”

PROGRESS REPORT

SEMESTER 2 :2020-2021

STUDENT NAME: Madhumita Biswas

ENTRY NO: 2018CHZ8491

Literature review and some preliminary experiments

 UTILIZATION OF SOLID WASTES IN AERATED CONCRETE THROUGH CGA’S ROUTE

Abstract: Plastic itself , is not a sustainable material. It causes serious environmental issues. India per
year generates 5.3 million tons of plastic wastes. Among these only 60% of the wastes are recycled
according to CPCB report. Globally, 6.3 billion tons of plastic wastes generated, only 8% of the plastic
wastes are recycled. Plastic contains all worth mentioning properties of the building material such as
higher durability, lower water absorption, low density etc. There is an age old concept to use
different solid waste material in the construction industry and its analogous industry. Present study
focus on the preparation of the Aerated concrete mortar ( considering CGA as aerating agent )using
plastic wastes as partial replacement of fine aggregate in the same and study the some
characteristics of the concrete.

Introduction and Motivation :

Solid waste could be defined as a type of undesirable substances which are left after it was used. The

generated waste could not be used as directly by the society due to its hazardous nature e.g industrial

waste. This type of waste has negative consequences on the economy and environment. Presently

Indian city produces 9.4 millions of total solid wastes according to CPCB data 2019. The classification of

solid wastes are as 1. Domestic waste or humanogeneous waste or MSW waste, 2. Bio medical waste 3.

Industrial wastes. The mentioned four are the major wastes generally produced in India. There are also

different source of waste generation such as radioactive waste, commercial waste etc. Data reveals that

with that huge growth of waste generation , India will be under waste within few decades. Govt

implemented different solid waste management rule from 1995 to overcome the situation or to minimize

the waste considering the degradation period of the solid waste {such as plastic waste which takes longer

period of time for degradation } and space problem due to filling of the land by the garbage. The latest
amendment was done at 2016 . The banning of single used plastic like plastic carry bag by the Govt , is an

strong effort to handle the plastic pollution problem in India. It is to be mentioned in this regard the use

of plastic carry bag per capita/ per year is 15 kg. {source}. Developing country like india

Construction industry has been playing a vital role for the reuse of these solid waste

regardless of its source of generation. Cement industry already used different solid wastes like fly ash as

the substitution of lime and some industrial by- product such as slag from steel, copper, lead etc. All

these wastes are replacement of naturally occurring material which are main ingredients for the cement

production. These are also helpful for the less production of carbon dioxide as cement industry is energy

intensive one. One of the major raw materials of the construction industry, concrete also has huge

potential to use the different types of waste materials. Concrete is the 2nd widely used material in the

world. Reuse of the waste in the concrete is one of the way to managing the solid waste and it could be

seen as using waste material to make the value added product. Rising growth of the construction

industry, will be helpful to reduce the wastes as well helpful in recycling process such as case of plastic

waste.

Aerated concrete industry also has also been able to draw the attention by its structural

property and this type of light weight concrete has also potential to use the various wastes . The focus of

this study is on the use of waste material like plastics, MSWI ash and pet coke ash to produce the aerated

concrete, a concrete or cement mortar which does not contain any coarse aggregate. Though this is a

well-researched area but still there is a scope to use the mentioned waste and to increase the strength of

the aerated concrete.

Presently, the plastic industry which produces large no of wastes, it may be generated
during the manufacturing of the products or the post consuming of the products. The fate of the
both types is the land filling. There are different types of plastic wastes(PET, PETT, PVC granules,
HDPE,LDPE etc reported in literature) already used in Aerated concrete and their partial
replacement has been done .
 But there is no such work recorded using micro plastics(may be primary or secondary type) , which is
the new threat to the environment(adverse effect in marine life , specially in costal region).

In case of municipal solid waste, the waste is firstly processed in a waste management
plant. During the incineration process, the ash generated (MSWI ash) could be act as partial
replacement of cement in Aerated concrete.

In the field of cement industry, the aerated concrete is lightweight concrete in which small air
pockets are created by means of air entraining agent. Air entraining in aerated concrete is one of the
toughest steps for its preparation. It is lightweight as there is no coarse aggregate is used during the
preparation of cement mortar.

In the present study, CGA is the air entraining agent. The preparation of CGA
will be discussed along with its air hold up 0.7.From the literature survey ,it is revealed that shape of
air voids created in the mortar is not regular and surface area are limited(Narayan and
Ramamurthy,2007).But CGA produced finer air bubbles which created more uniform dispersion of
air voids with high surface area.

Material Used :

Sodium Lauryl sulphate (SLS) was used as the surfactant for producing CGA to manufacture aerated
concrete. Ordinary Portland cement 43 grade, fly ash, and water were used in the manufacture of
the cement mortar, plastic fibre of length 3 to 5 mm

Experimental Method:

The spinning disc CGA generator has been used for the preparation of CGA. CGA were produced by
stirring a mixture of water and surfactant at its CMC value. The rate of stirring was high upto 5000
rpm. CGA is collected per minute and it is weighted to calculate the air hold up. The air hold up was
.70 . The following graph was obtained.
 80

70

60

50
Air hold-up

40
Series1
30

20

10

0
1 0 10 2T0ime, minut3e0s 40 50

Result and Discussions:

From the above graph, it was found that air hold up became stable after certain time, this indicates
that at that rpm this is the maximum air hold up capacity of CGA bubbles.

Two different cement mortar was produced by varying cement ,fly ash ratio.

Then compressive strength of the blocks are measured after curing it 24 hours.

It was found that compressive strength of the bolck1 was 15.87MPa and block 2 15.64MP

Prepared block using plastic waste:

Future work:

Preparation of mortar mix using different waste material such as by replacement pet coke fly
ash and bed ash and characterization of the same.
Ensure the exact water / solid ratio for the mix design
Hard and fresh property of the concrete
Preparation of CGA using surfactants other than sodium lauryl sulphate and air hold up checking

Supervisor Name: Prof. Ashok N. Bhaskarwar

Department of Chemical Engineering

Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi Hauz Khas, New Delhi- 110016

Date:23.07.2021