FETAL & NEONATAL

DEATH RATE BSN 2D | GROUP 2

Garbosa,
Garbosa, Garzon,
Garzon, Gascon,
Gascon, Geralo,
Geralo, Gonzaga,
Gonzaga, Gubatanga,
Gubatanga, Guerra,
Guerra, Guillergan,
Guillergan, Guino-o
Guino-o
 MEMBERS

GUBATANGA, ALEXA GERALO, ANNA

GARBOSA, REJE MAE

GARZON, ALIYAH
GUERRA, JESON

GASCON, BENEDICT

GUILLERGAN, ELIJAH GUINO-O, SITA

GONZAGA, CARYL
WHAT IS
FETAL DEATH?

Fetal death refers to the spontaneous intrauterine

death of a fetus at any time during pregnancy. Fetal
deaths later in pregnancy (at 20 weeks of gestation or
more, or 28 weeks or more, for example) are also
sometimes referred to as stillbirths.
WHAT IS
FETAL DEATH RATE?

FETAL MORTALITY RATE is the number of resident fetal deaths in a

specified geographic area (country, state, county, etc.) divided
by the number of residents live births plus fetal deaths for the
same geographic area (for a specified time period, usually a
calendar year) and multiplied by 1,000.

Number of Fetal Deaths in a given calendar year

FDR= Total number of live births registered x 1000
of the same year
WHAT IS
NEONATAL DEATH RATE?
Neonatal death is when your baby dies
within the first 28 days of life and is
commonly caused by premature birth.
Neonatal deaths (deaths among live births
during the first 28 completed days of
life) may be subdivided into early
neonatal deaths, occurring during the
first 7 days of life, and late neonatal
deaths, occurring after the 7th day but Number of Resident Neonatal
before the 28th completed day of life. Deaths Number of Resident x 1000
Live Births
NEONATAL MORTALITY RATE is the number of
resident newborns in a specified geographic
area (country, state, county, etc.) dying at
less than 28 days of age divided by the
number of resident live births for the same
geographic area (for a specified time period,
usually a calendar year) and multiplied by
1,000.
BACKGROUND OF FETAL THE LEADING CAU
SE OF FETAL DEA
& NEONATAL DEATH IN A G LOBAL SETTING TH
Congenital
-structural birth defec
or ts
during intr functional
auterine li anomalies
Genetic abn fe. that occur
-conditions ormalities
chromosomes caused by changes
. to the ge
Placental a nes or
-Placental br uption and o
ab r up ther placen
separates f ti on occurs tal disorde
rom the in when the rs
birth. Plac n p
ental abrup er wall of the uteru lacenta
oxygen and s before
nutrients a tion can deprive the
mother. nd cause he
avy bleedin baby of
Placental g in the
d
restriction ysfunction leading
-a pregnan to fetal
cy complic growth
which deliv at
ers oxygen ion in which the p
bloodstream
, fails to and nutrients into t lacenta,
fetus. properly su he
pport a dev fetal
Umbilical c eloping
-cord being ord complic
t ations
well to oo long or to
the placen o short, n
squeezed. ta, or g ot connecti
etting kno ng
Uterine rup tted or
-A spontane ture
o
the fetus b us tearing of the ut
eing expell
ed into the erus may result in
peritoneal
cavity.
 S E OF F ET AL D EAT H
THE LEADING CA U
INE SE TT IN G
IN A PHILIPP disorders e d u e to
r elated
wo fet u s e s di
On e i n e v e r y t
l ow b i r th w eight.
t g e st a t i o n and
to sho r

w b irth
o n a nd l o
t o s h o r t g estati
o rd e r s r e l at e d
h s w a s a ff e c ted
Dis t w o f e t a l deat
n ev e r y
weight, one i th i s d i s e a s e.
by b e i n g b orn
m a t u re bi r t h ,
c a us e i s p re a s less
-Th e p r i m a r y n e a r ly h
a t i o n ; a b ab y bor
37 w e e k s g est d g a i n w ei g h t,
before u t e r u s t o g row an er
t he m o t h e r ' s i n g t h e la t t
time in i g h t i s g a i n ed dur
ch o f a fe t u s' we h e r c a us e o f low
and mu s p r e g n a n c y . Anot
a rt o f t h e m other' w t h r e s t r i c t ion.
p
s i n tr a u t e r i ne gro
birthweight i

t e r i n e hy p o x ia
Intrau f e t a l h y po x ia)
a ( a l s o k n o wn as
u t er i n e h y p o x i
a d e q u a t e su p ply
-Intra i s d ep r i v e d of an
w h e n t h e f etus o f r ea s o n s such
occur s t o a variet y
I t may b e d u e l cord,
o f o x y ge n . e u mb i l i c a
o r o c cl u s i o n of th e g na ncy
as p r o la p s e abete s ( p r e p r
m a t er n a l d i
c en t a l i n f ar ction, e r n a l s mo k i n g.
pla
d i a b e t e s ) a nd mat
r ge s t a t i o n al n o t e l s e wh e re
o
l m a l f o r m a t ions,
Other congeni
t a ac c o u n t e d o nly
i s t h ir d i n rank,
hich
classified, w . 6 % ) d e at h cases.
290 ( 3
 THE LEADING CAU
SE OF NEONATAL
IN A GLOBAL SET DEATH
The three maj
or causes of
TING
(36%, which include neonatal d eaths worldwi
- Neonatal pn s sepsis/pneumo de are infect
eumonia is a nia, tetanus, ions
within hours lung infectio and diarrhea)
n in a neona ,
of birth and te. Onset ma
after 7 days part of a ge y be
and confined neralized sep
respiratory d to the lungs sis syndrome
istress or pr . Signs may or
clinical and ogress to sho be limited t
laboratory ev c k and death. o
- Tetanus us aluation for Diagnosis is
ually gets t sepsis. by
enters the b ransmitted fr
ody through om an unvacc
This typicall infection of inated mother
y happens whe the unhealed and
instruments. n the umbilic umbilical stu
al cord is cu mp.
- Diarrhea i t using unste
s often caus rile
infection is ed by a bact
transmitted erial or vir
foods or if t to the newbo al infection.
here is conta rn baby thro The
ct wi th ugh contamin
pre-term (28% contaminated s ated
), and birth tool.
- Asphyxia me asphyxia (23%
ans a lack of ).
asphyxia hap oxygen and blo
pens when a od flow to th
enough oxygen baby's brain e brain. Birt
and nutrients and other or h
before, durin gans do not
There is some g, or right a get
variation bet fter birth.
configuration ween countrie
s. s depending o
n their care
 OF NEONATAL DEATH
CAUSE
THE LEADING ILIPPINE SETTING
IN A PH

prematurity
f o r e t h e s t a r t o f the
-occurs b e
h w e e k o f p r e g n a n c y.
37t

a s p h yx i a a n d t r a u ma
birth
y x ia , i s t h e f a i l u re
-Birth asph
a b l i s h b r e a t h i n g a t
to est
birth.
s
congenital anomalie
o f a b no r m a l i t i e s
-a wide range n
r u ct u r e o r f u n c t i o
of body st
p r e s e n t a t b i r t h and
that are
o f p r e n a t a l o r i g i n
are
GRAPH OF FETAL DEATH RATE
GRAPH OF NEONATAL DEATH RATE
 Optimize immediate interaction with parents

Bad news should be given by the attending staff

NUR SIN G NS physician in a timely and unhurried manner, and

IDERATIO
S
in a private area.
CO N Both parents, or one parent with another support

EA L W IT H person who will stay around for some time after

HOW TO D ARENTS WHO the disturbing information has been delivered,

M OT HE RS / P TH
should be present.

NC ED ST IL LBIR
EXP ER IE Whenever possible, the news of impending death
should be discussed rather than waiting until
t he death occurs.
is o n e o f
g a c h i l d t i m a te Parents appreciate and deserve an honest
Losin u m a t i c a n d in
go
most t r a bo d y c a n discussion about why their baby died, including a
s t h a t a ny y is
event T h i s t r ag e d humane overview of the problems, the actions are
thro u g h . e a r t b r ea k ing
l l y h t ime taken, and time to allow them to ask questions.
espe c i a a t a
e i t o c c urs o y are By giving complete and understandable
sinc l i fe a n d j
when f r e s h
b e d i f f icult information, there is a smaller chance that
c t e d . I t may r s ay, parents will feel that healthcare professionals
expe d o o
k n o w w h at to o u ar e
t o if y f are hiding something from them.
e s p e c i a l l y o w n g r i e
n g fr o m y our Care providers should be understanding and
sufferi loss. caring, and it is appropriate for them to express
over the
empathy, and to show their feelings and concerns.
 What to do during the dying process and
afterward

NUR SIN G NS
IDERATIO Assure parents that it is normal to feel
CO NS uncomfortable at this time

EA L W IT H Allow parents to spend as much time as they need

HOW TO D ARENTS WHO with their baby

M OT HE RS / P TH
Make repeated offers for holding the baby
NC ED ST IL LBIR
EXP ER IE Name the baby
Provide privacy, but do not abandon the parents
o n e o f t he Encourage relatives and friends to see the baby,
a c h i l d is m a te
Losin g n d in t i according to the parents’ wishes
t r a u m a t i c a c a n go
most h a t a ny bo d y
is Warn about gasping and muscle contractions
event s t t r ag e d y
u g h . T h i s ea k ing Reassure parents that their baby was not alone,
thro h e a r t b r
espe c i a l l y a t a t ime not afraid, and not in pain at the time of death
e i t o c c urs o y are
sinc l i fe a n d j Reassure parents that nothing more could be done
when f r e s h
b e d i f f icult
c t e d . I t may r s ay, Provide mementos to create memories
expe d o o
k n o w w h at to o u ar e Ensure that spiritual support is available
t o if y f
e s p e c i a l l y o w n g r i e Explain the need and procedure for an autopsy
n g fr o m y our
sufferi loss. Explain options and procedures for memorial
over the services
 NURSING
Emotional Support
CONSIDERATIONS
Provide
pa re n ts to HOW TO DEAL WITH MOTHER/PARENTS
WHO LOST A NEONATE
i en t e f o r
Be Pat s o me tim Th e re is
m ay take ro u ti n es.
It no r m al om e nt to
t hei r r bad m
su m e o d o
re
n g as a go ff e re n t.
s u ch thi a l i s di
no n divi du
Eve r y i
gr ie v e .

feelings.
re their
Listen an t to sha Parents
en the y w who lost
Wh you. different a neonat
m tel l e will
Let the phases of experience
shock, an gr i ef through
ger, guil time. Numb
common fe t, jealou ness,
elings un sy and sorro
d e r go w are the
Mothers o ne by gr
ften expe ieving pa
(PND) and rience po rents.
sometimes stnatal d
ma n i epression
is import fest sympt
ant to k oms of PTS
parents d eep on a D. It
uring the look out
w ho le proces for both
attend to s of gri
their need ef to
s and offe
r support.
 t y p i ca l ly NURSING
wh o lost a n e ona
t.
t e
T
a
he
r
y
e
m ay f e el CONSIDERATIONS
Parents r a u gh a c c ept
HOW TO DEAL WITH MOTHER/PARENTS
d d i s t lt t o
d a n dif f i c u
startle d i t e v e ry o ne
isolate
d o r
i
f
d
in
ha s d ie d . H o w e ve r
m
,
ay fe e l a WHO LOST A NEONATE
e i r k y o u
that th e r e n tl y , and
ti m es.
s di ff v a r io u s
re ac t ons a t nt
e m o t i d i f f er e
r ie ty of q u i re
v a m a y r e i m es .
re nts r ent t
g p a di f f e
Grievin s s is t a nc e a t
d o to a s si st
o f a ca n
types w ha t you Let them c
e a b o u t reate memo
Inquir Years ago, ries
medical pe
them. as soon a rsonnel wo
s it died uld remove
taking the . However a baby
time to cr , we now
ea know that
to treasur te memories
e later, a of their b
If the b ids in heali aby
aby does ng.
parents s not have
elect one a name,
. It will let the
them as ge help in r
nuine peop ecognizing
talk about le when they r
them with ecall them
others in and
the future
.
 NURSING
H AT D O Y O U S A Y TO CONSIDERATIONS
W
GRIEVING
P A R E N TS
HOW TO DEAL WITH MOTHER/PARENTS
si mp le : “ I ’m s or ry f or yo ur WHO LOST A NEONATE
Be
loss.” n ow wh a t t o
: “ I d o n’ t k
Be hones t ’r e
ine w h a t y ou
ca n ’t i ma g
say. I
ng t h ro u gh . ” d
goi ab o ut y o u an
n g : “ I c ar e
Be comforti ell m e w ha t I
y. P le a se t
your famil
d o t o h e lp .”
can
 NURSING
THINGS YO
’T
U
SAY TO CONSIDERATIONS
SHOULDN PARENTS
GRIEVING HOW TO DEAL WITH MOTHER/PARENTS
t in WHO LOST A NEONATE
t o v er i
“You’ll ge
time.”
h e b es t .”
“It’s for t
a l wa y s h a ve
“You can
he r ba b y .”
anot .”
u r b l es s in g s
“C oun t yo
THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
 REFERENCE
https://www.verywellfamily.com/intrauterine-fetal-demise-
2371631
Leading cause of neonatal deaths (Philippine Setting)
https://data.unicef.org/wp-
content/uploads/country_profiles/Philippines/country%20pro
file_PHL.pdf
https://www.flhealthcharts.gov/ChartsReports/rdPage.aspx?
rdReport=InfantDeath.DataViewer&cid=0052&fbclid=IwAR3O6CXS
0DD333ZXj9ODtc40cEsefXACLWrOysgMrEiwPMhhB4oN8P0t9UA

Nursing consideration:
How to deal with mothers/parents who experienced
stillbirth
Guidelines for health care professionals supporting
families experiencing a perinatal loss. Paediatr Child
Health. 2001;6(7):469-490.

How to deal with mother/parents who lost a neonate

https://www.pregnancybirthbaby.org.au/dealing-with-a-
neonatal-death
https://www.tommys.org/baby-loss-support/stillbirth-
information-and-support/family-and-friends-how-give-
support-after-stillbirth

https://doh.gov.ph/sites/default/files/publications/2018%2
0Philippine%20Health%20Statistics.pdf