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Example: Design The Beams in The Figure Below. The Imposed Load Is 4.0 KN/M
Example: Design The Beams in The Figure Below. The Imposed Load Is 4.0 KN/M
Example: Design The Beams in The Figure Below. The Imposed Load Is 4.0 KN/M
Design the beams in the figure below. The imposed load is 4.0 kN/m2.
Beam
5.0m
Beam
8.0m
Design parameters (general)
Dead Load:
Finishes (screeds, carpets etc): Allow 1 kN/m2
(Designers decision/estimate)
In order to establish the loads, we need to estimate a suitable slab
thickness.
I can then proceed with the slab design, but the slab depth is the only
thing I need to enable the beam design to proceed.
We can now calculate the loads on the slab:
Characteristic Loads:
For the BEAM design the only value required is the shear force on the
slab.
The beam supports the slab, so this force is applied to the beam.
I will therefore allow a 15% increase in the applied load to the beam to
allow for self-weight.
At the end of the design, I must check that this allowance is sufficient.
Reinforcement in the
(bottom) tension Zone
𝑀 325 𝑥 106
𝑏≥ = = 216.4 𝑚𝑚
(0.167 𝑥 𝑑2 𝑥 𝑓𝑐𝑘) 0.167 𝑥 547.52 𝑥 30
Use: b=225mm
We are now in a position to check the self-weight:
275 mm
We can therefore continue with the original load or get a better design
by using the actual load.
DESIGNER’S CHOICE
I will revise the load to get a better design: W = 35.3 + 3.1 = 38.4 kN/m
Reanalyse the slab:
𝑀
Where: 𝐾= (work in N and mm)
𝑏𝑑2𝑓 𝑐𝑘
307.2 𝑥 106
𝐾= = 0.152 (≤ 0.167)
225 𝑥 547.52 x 30
𝑑
𝑧= [1 + √1 − 3.53𝑥 0.152] = 0.84 𝑑 ≤ 0.95𝑑
2
383 𝑥 106
𝐴𝑠 = = 1922 𝑚𝑚2
0.87 𝑥 500 𝑥 458
Use 4 – T 25
𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞 1922
𝜌= = = 12.8 𝑥 10−3
𝑏𝑑 275 𝑥 547.5
𝜌0
𝜌0 < 𝜌 = 0.43
𝜌
𝐿
= [11 + (1.5√30 x 0.43) + 0] = 14.53
𝑑
Modification Factors
If the slab span is greater than 7m, modify the L/d ratio by the factor K2
= 7/L.
In this case K2 = 7/8 = 0.875
𝐴𝑠,𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣 1964
𝐾3 = 𝐴𝑠,𝑟𝑒𝑞
≤ 1.5 𝐾3 = = 1.02 ≤ 1.5
1922
‘Ignore’ factor K2
I could select this and ensure the finishes are not brittle the beam.
Resistance:
bw = b = 275 mm 𝜃 = 22⁰
𝑓𝑐𝑘 30
0.36 x 𝑏 𝑥 𝑑 𝑥 (1 − )𝑓 0.36 𝑥 275 𝑥 547.5 𝑥 (1 − )30
𝑉 = 𝑤 250 𝑐𝑘 250
𝑅𝑑𝑚𝑎𝑥 =
tan 𝜃 + cot 𝜃 0.404 + 2.475