Human Habitat, Climate and Land

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Landscape architecture HUMAN HABITAT, CLIMATE & LAND Arsitektur Lansekap – Genap 2020/2021
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Landscape architecture
HUMAN HABITAT & SUSTAINABILITY ,

CLIMATE & LAND
Iwan Adi Indrawan

CLIMATE & LAND
The human Animal Climate and Response Human Impact
Nature Social imprint Land as a resource
The Natural Science Accomodation Land Grants
The Ecological Basis Microclimatology Land Rights
Earthscape Climate Change/ Global Warming Surveying
Sustainability Use
Reuse
Topography
Survey
Suplementary data
Human Habitat & Sustainability
People are animals, too. We still retain, and are

largely motivated by, our natural animal instincts. If we
are to plan intelligently, we must acknowledge and
accommodate these instincts; the shortcomings of
many a project can be traced to the failure of the
planner to recognize this simple fact
Human Habitat & Sustainability
All planning must, by reason, meet the measure of our

humanity. It must meet the test of our senses: sight,
taste, hearing, scent, and touch. It must also consider
our habits, responses, and impulses. Yet it is not enough
to satisfy the instincts of the physical animal alone. One
must satisfy also the broader requirements of the
complete being.
To the physical planner, nature reveals itself as the eternal, living, formi-
dable, yet beneficent setting for every project and plan. It is essential to
the success of our efforts that we come to know and understand
nature.
alam mengungkapkan dirinya sebagai tatanan yang kekal, hidup,

tangguh, namun bermanfaat untuk setiap perencanaan lingkungan
Nature
binaan
Nature
Ketangguhan alam terhadap apa yang manusia lakukan

dan modifikasi terhadapnya. Namun demikian tentu
semua ada batasnya
The Natural Sciences
Geology, Hydrology, Botany, Ecology etc
The landscape architect’s unique strength and contribution to the

com- prehensive planning process is a general knowledge of the
natural sciences. Especially applicable are geology, hydrology,
biology, botany, and ecology. These are in addition to such
sciences as chemistry, physics, electronics, the humanities, and
graphic communication. All are essential to sound landscape
design.
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Natural System
Sustainability
Webster defines sustain as “provide with nourishment; keep
going; suf- fer; support or provide.” The popular online
encyclopedia Wikipedia offers a broader definition of the
meaning of the word as used today: “The word sustainability
is derived from the Latin sustinere (tenere. to hold; sus. up).
Dictionaries provided more than ten meanings for sustain,
the main ones being to ‘maintain,’ ‘support,’ or ‘endure.’
However, since the 1980s sustainability has been used
more in the sense of human sustainability on planet Earth
and this has resulted in the most widely quoted definition of
sustainability and sustainable development, that of the
Brundtland Commission of the United Nations on March 20,
1987: ‘sustainable development is development that meets
the needs of the present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs.’ ”
'Pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah pembangunan yang memenuhi

kebutuhan saat ini tanpa mengorbankan kemampuan generasi mendatang
untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka sendiri.' ”
Climate
Climate is the average weather condition at a place
over time.
If a central purpose of planning is to create for any

person or group of persons an environment suited to
their needs, then climate must be a first consideration.
It is fundamental, first, in the selection of an appropriate
region for the proposed activities and then, within that
region, in the selection of the most appropriate
property. Once a site has been chosen, two new
considerations suggest themselves. How do we best
respond to the climatic givens in terms of site and
structural design, and by what means can we modify
the effects of climate to improve the situation?
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Climate
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Condition
1. Extreme winter cold.
2. Deep snow.
3. Strong winds.
4. High windchill factor.
5. Deep frost.
6. Scrub forest cover.
7. Short winter days.
8. Long winters.
9. Alternating freeze and thaw.
10. Rapid spring melt.
Climate
Condition
1.Variable temperatures, ranging from warm to hot in the summer, cold in winter,
and moderate in spring and fall.
2.Marked seasonal change.
3.Changing wind directions and velocities.
4.Violent storms occur infrequently.
5.Periods of drought, light to heavy rain and frost
6.and snow may be expected.
7.Soils are generally well drained and fertile.
8.Many streams, rivers, and freshwater lakes.
9.An abundant supply of water.
10.Land cover varies from open to forests with rich
11.vegetative variety.
12.Topographically scenic, including marine, plain,
13.plateau, and mountainous areas.
Climate
Condition
1.Temperatures high and relatively constant.
2.High humidity.
3.Torrential rainfall.
4.Storm winds of typhoon and hurricane force.
5.Breeze often constant in the daylight hours.
6.Vegetative covers from sparse to luxuriant and
7.sometimes junglelike.
8.The sun’s heat is enervating.
9.Sky glare and sea glare can be distressing.
10.Climatic conditions breed insects in profusion.
11.Fungi are a persistent problem.
Climate
Condition
1.Intense heat in the daytime.
2.Often intense cold at night.
3.Expanses are vast.
4.Sunlight and glare are penetrating.
5.Drying winds are prevalent and often raise devas-
6.tating dust storms.
7.Annual rainfall is minimal. Vegetation is sparse to
8.nonexistent except along watercourses.
9.Spring rains come as a cloudburst, with rapid
10.runoff and heavy erosion.
11.Water supply is extremely limited.
12.Limited agricultural productivity necessitates the
13.importation of food and other goods.
14.Irrigation is a fact of life.
Climate
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Microclimate
Usefull observation
Climate change
Land
Each topographic form had its message. Mountains

were forbidding; craggy ravines were perilous; broad
valleys, beckoning. Prairies, plains, and savannas
stretched to the far horizons to be laboriously crossed
on foot, on horseback, by travois, or by lumbering
wagon trains.
Topography
Survey
Suplementary data
Topography
Survey
Suplementary data
Topography
Survey
Suplementary data
Topographic Survey Specification
Property: The property to be surveyed is marked on the

enclosed location map (to be provided to the surveyor by the
owner or landscape architect).
General: Surveyor shall do all work necessary to determine

accu- rately the physical conditions existing on the site.
Datum: Elevations shall be referenced to any convenient and

per- manent bench mark with an assumed elevation of 100.0
feet. The bench-mark location shall be shown on the map.
Information required:
1. Title of survey, property location, scale, north point, certification, and date.
2. Tract boundary lines, courses, distances, and coordinates. Calculate and show acreage.
3. Building setback lines, easements, and rights-of-way.
4. Names of on-site and abutting parcel owners.
5. Names and locations of existing streets on or abutting the tract.
6. Show right-of-way, type, location, width of surfacing, and centerline
7. of gutters.
8. Position of buildings and other structures, including foundations,
9. piers, bridges, culverts, wells, and cisterns.
10. Location of all site construction, including walls, fences, roads,
11. drives, curbs, gutters, steps, walks, trails, paved areas, and so on,
12. indicating types of materials or surfacing.
13. Locations, types, sizes, and direction of flow of existing storm and
14. sanitary sewers on the tract, giving top and invert elevations of manholes and inlet and invert elevations of other drainage structures;
location, ownership, type and size of water and gas mains, manholes, valve boxes, meter boxes, hydrants, and other appurtenances. Loca-
tions of utility poles and telephone lines and fire-alarm boxes are to be indicated. For utilities not traversing the site, show, by key plan if
necessary, the nearest off-site leads, giving all pertinent information on types, sizes, inverts, and ownership.
15. Location of water bodies, streams, springs, swamps, or boggy areas and drainage ditches or swales.
16. Outline of wooded areas. Within areas so noted, show all trees that have a trunk diameter of 4 inches or greater at waist height, giving
approximate trunk diameters and common names of the trees.
17. Road elevation. Elevations shall be taken at 50-foot intervals and at high or low points along centerlines of roads, flow line of gutter on
property side, and tops and bottoms of curbs. The pertinent grades abutting street and road intersections shall also be indicated.
18. Ground surface elevations shall be taken and shown on a 50-foot grid system as well as at the top and bottom of all considerable breaks in
grade, whether vertical, as in walls, or sloping, as in banks. Show all floor elevations for buildings. Spot elevations shall also be indicated at the
finished grade of building corners, building entrance platforms, and all walk intersections. In addition to the elevations required, the map
shall show contours at _-foot vertical intervals. All elevations shall be to the nearest tenth of a foot. Per- missible tolerance shall be 0.1 foot
for spot elevations and one-half of the contour interval for contours.
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CLIMATE & LAND
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Human Habitat, Climate and Land

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Arsitektur lansekap

HUMAN HABITAT & SUSTAINABILITY ,

HUMAN HABITAT & SUSTAINABILITY ,

People are animals, too. We still retain, and are

All planning must, by reason, meet the measure of our

alam mengungkapkan dirinya sebagai tatanan yang kekal, hidup,

Ketangguhan alam terhadap apa yang manusia lakukan

The landscape architect’s unique strength and contribution to the

'Pembangunan berkelanjutan adalah pembangunan yang memenuhi

If a central purpose of planning is to create for any

Each topographic form had its message. Mountains

Property: The property to be surveyed is marked on the

General: Surveyor shall do all work necessary to determine

Datum: Elevations shall be referenced to any convenient and

HUMAN HABITAT & SUSTAINABILITY ,

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