POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

College Of Engineering
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Machine Design 2
MEEN – 3254

PROJECT REPORT

QUIZ No.1

Submitted by:
Salazar, Von Carlo D.
BSME 5-1

Submitted to:
Engr. Morales, Armingol
Professor
1. Define/Explain

Journal - is a detailed account that records all the financial transactions of a business, to be
used for the future reconciling of accounts and the transfer of information to other official
accounting records, such as the general ledger.

Bearing - is a machine element that constrains relative motion to only the desired motion, and
reduces friction between moving parts.

Lubricant - is a substance that helps to reduce friction between surfaces in mutual contact,
which ultimately reduces the heat generated when the surfaces move. It may also have the
function of transmitting forces, transporting foreign particles, or heating or cooling the surfaces.

Axial load - is load parallel to the shaft of the gear. It is produced by helical gears because of
the helix angle, not the pressure angle. It is not produced by spur gears, which have straight
teeth that are parallel to the shaft axis.

RADIAL load - is the load that tends to separate the gears.

Thrust load - is a type of force that acts in the axial direction of a bearing.

Rated load - is the maximum power output the transformer was designed to handle.

Spur gears - are the simplest type of gear. They consist of a cylinder or disk with teeth
projecting radially. Viewing the gear at 90 degrees from the shaft length the tooth faces are
straight and aligned parallel to the axis of rotation.

Addendum - in general, is an addition required to be made to a document by its author

subsequent to its printing or publication. It comes from the gerundive addendum, plural
addenda, "that which is to be added," from addere.

Backlash - in mechanical engineering, backlash, sometimes called lash, play, or slop, is a

clearance or lost motion in a mechanism caused by gaps between the parts.

2. Enumerate and discuss the types of rolling bearings.

Ball bearings - are the most widespread option and consist of a multitude of variants according to
their shape and can be used in multiple applications. The choice of a type of ball bearing will
depend on the industrial application for which it will be used, as well as the load to which it will be
exposed.
Needle roller bearings - their design features cylindrical, thin, long rollers along their
diametral plane. They are very suitable for applications where space is limited (the axial
dimension of the needles or rollers is much larger than the radial one), and they are also the
ideal option when the transmission requires a high radial load capacity.

Roller bearings - these components have a line of cylindrical rollers encaged between solid
external and internal rings and a ring with cylindrical rollers. The cage prevents the cylindrical
rollers to contact each other while rolling, preventing unnecessary friction and resisting rapid
accelerations and at high speeds.

Thrust rolling bearings - as their name implies, they are designed to support and respond to
purely axial loads. They should not work with radial loads.

3. A gear set having a gear ratio of 3 is to be used at a center distance of 16 inches. If the gear
has 80 teeth what must be the circular pitch?
4. Find the tooth thickness on the tooth circle of a 20 degree full depth involute tooth having a
diametral pitch of 3, circle pitch of 1,0472 and whole depth of tooth at 0.60

5. Enumerate and discuss the forces on gear tooth.

The forces on gears are needed for gear design. In particular, root stress and contact
stress depend on the gear tooth forces. Root stress and contact stress determine the size of
the gears. Design of supporting shafts and bearings also require gear tooth forces. Spur gears
only generate forces in the gear plane, however helical gears generate an axial force
component therefore need to be supported axially as well. Tangential and radial forces in the
gear plane cause bending moments on the supporting shafts. Axial force generates bending in
the perpendicular plane. Considering these, the calculation of gear forces is important in
design of shafts and bearings.