Coding refers to the steps in which responses for research should be provided,

allowing proper classification and analysis to be carried out. Coding involves the
collection of information that has proven to be reliable and have the information
classified.

Explanation:
 The classification improves the chances for efficient organization and interpretation
of the data received in the research context.
Data entry refers to the process of transferring computer codes from the survey form
into the computer. Data entry compiles, verifies the accuracy of the data collected,
and sorts the information collected, allowing entry into a computer system.
In data entry, the information is reviewed for any errors and incompatibilities that may
corrupt the reliability of the output needed. Data entry in research will lower
operations costs since it reduces the need for infrastructural capacities such as files
and workforce to sort the documents.

GETTING THE DATA READY FOR ANALYSIS

After the data is obtained through a questionnaire, it needs to be coded, entered, and edited
(need to
be coded, keyed in, and edited).
 
DATA PREPARATION STAGE
1. Coding and data entry
The first stage in data preparation is data coding
Data coding: data coding involves numbering participants' responses (responses
participant) so that they can be entered into the database (data base).
Coding the responses
The process of coding each measurement (measurement)
Data Entry
After obtaining a response, the results are entered into the data base. Raw data (raw data)
can be entered via any software program, eg SPSS.
2. Data Editing
Data Editing: concerned with the detection and correction of illogical omissions (illogical), no
inconsistent, or illegal data in the information returned by study participants.
For example Illogical response is an outlier response.
The outlier response is an observation that is substantially different from other observations.
Substantial = significant / most
What is meant by outlier data is data that is much different than that
the whole data.
For example, there is research data on the height of high school students, namely 160 - 180
cm. But deep
The data shows a child who has a height of 140 cm. Data of children with a height of 140 cm
these are called outlier data, because they differ so clearly.
Inconsistent responses, namely responses that are not in line with other information.
Illegal codes are values that are not specified in the coding instructions.
For example: in the questionnaire there is a choice of code 1-5 but the answer that appears is
code 6
3. Data transformation
Data transformation, a variation of data coding, is the process of changing numerical
representations
from a quantitative value to another value. Usually using logarithmic transformations.
For example: data X is transformed with the formula X '= Log X
Another type of data transformation is reverse scoring.
 
GETTING A FEEL FOR THE DATA
The researcher can get an idea by looking for a visual summary or by looking at tendencies
principal and dispersion of the variable. It can also be determined by examining the
relationship between variables.
Tendency = tendency
Dispersion = spread
Descriptive statistics for a single variable are provided by frequency, measures of central
tendency
and despersion