Trends, Network and 12

Critical Thinking in the 21st

Century
Quarter 3- Modules 1-8

Writers:
Conrado M. Perez, LPCNSHS-CAA Campus
Aquilino D. Salvador, CAA Campus
Mary Rose B. Baita, LPCNSHS- Golden Acres Campus
Glorefe C. Duro, LPCSNSHS, Doña Josefa Campus
Marietta P. Paa, LPCTVSHS

Content Validator:
Conrado M. Perez, LPCNSHS-CAA Campus

Consolidator/Team Leader
Mary Jane Aranda, PES Camella Annex

Language Editor
Jeferson M. Lumbao, LPCNSHS - Golden Acres Campus

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 Lesson The difference between a trend and a
1 fad and how to spot a trend
Most Essential Learning Competency
● Differentiate a trend from a fad.
● Explain the process on how to spot a trend.

What is it?
The Meaning of Trend

A trend- has a much longer lifespan. In fact, trends can continue to be fashionable for years and
even decades. A trend has the potential to be long-term influencers on the market.

Trend- is a behavior or new way of doing things, and it has a big impact on our society, a pattern
of gradual change in a condition, output, process, or an average or general tendency of a series of
data points to move in a certain direction over time, has a capacity to make a big changes in our
lives, it may become a daily routine or a tradition and have a more long lasting effect on the
marketplace

Examples of Trend-- Mobile Apps, in-line Skating, organic food products, environmental industries,
social media platforms.
The process of identifying a trend
Trend analysis- is the widespread practice of collecting information and attempting to spot a pattern,
or trend, in the information.
Trend spotting- is the identification of new trends or attempting to see the future.
Trend spotter - is a person who notices and reports on new fashions, ideas, or activities that are
becoming popular.
What is Fad?
Fad- the easiest way to categorize a fad is one word: short-lived.
- A product, service, or idea that is extremely popular for a very brief period and then becomes
unpopular just as quickly.
Typically, fads last for a total of one season, but they can also last less than a month. Fads are novelty
driven fashion choices. A fad is often referred to as “catching on” with the larger population. But will
often fade as quickly as it appeared. The easiest way to remember a fad is through a simple alliteration:
fads fade. Although engaging in fads can be fun, they are often not worth investing a large amount of
money or time.

Because fads are so unpredictable, they can be a high-risk venture. When a fad dies, it dies very
quickly, and many businesses have been caught with a large product inventory that no one wants to
buy.

Some examples are: hula hoop, Rubik’s cube, yo-yos, Cabbage Patch Kids, Pokemon, movies,
books, song, television programs, Phrases, gestures, novelty products, toys and games are most
common

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Characteristics of a Fad:
1.Fad is confined to a particular segment in society.
2.Fad is trivial because of its short life expectancy. It is prone to being outmoded.
3.Fad is not created, but it is revived from a style that existed all along in the lives of some subgroups.
Process of Identifying a Trend:

A look becomes a trend if it undergoes the following stages:

1. Fringe Stage: In this stage, an innovative idea, whether in the form of a new product, service or in
other form, develops into the market or becomes known to the trendiest consumers. In this stage,
entrepreneurial and business firms participate to develop and innovate ideas.

2. Trendy: In this stage, consumer and public awareness of the trend grows as the early adopters
participate together with the innovators to increase the perceptibility of the trend. During this stage, the
most fashion –forward brands and retailers assess the viability of the concept. They usually conduct
test-market research.

3.Mainstream: During this stage, the “conservative consumers join the trend, the idea of popularity
and acceptance continues to increase, the corporation and company brands exploit the growing
demand for that idea. In this stage, the trend becomes the mainstream product or service. When it
happens, a number of things may occur.

Elements of a trend:

1. Duration of time-Trends have longer staying power and enjoy a longer period of popularity. The
lifespan of products or ideas that become trends does not disappear quickly as opposed to a fad.
2.Acceptability-Trends are popularly accepted by many industries and people. It tends to stay longer,
because they receive popular support from consumers and companies who believe in these trends as
accepted ideas or patterns that can endure time.
3. Cultural basis- A trend is rooted in the people’s cultural traditions, beliefs, and values. A trend
persists and continues, because people have seen it as part of their society’s culture. It has a form of
connection with a society’s culture.
4.Transitory increase or decrease- A trend shows a transitory increase or decrease of an idea, event,
or phenomenon, but all trends have the potential to eventually slow down and decline.

Differences of Trends and Fad:

1. Duration of time- A fad product enjoys a few months of unexpected popularity. Trend has a more
long-lasting effect in the marketplace.
2. Numbers of industries affected- A fad often appears in a single industry and rarely crosses over
into others.
3. Industry acceptance-investing in a fad item is risky for companies known for setting trends. It can
be very difficult to tell the difference between one and the other before the product or service reaches
the buying public.
4.Consumer adoption and perception of overall quality- Fad items rarely expected to stand for a
longer period, but trends tend to survive decades in which they were created. Trends are items
introduced in the market that have greater consumer adoption due to their effectiveness. Some fads
that eventually lose the following are products of false advertising, so they eventually die a few months
or years.

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5. Reason for rise-Trends have identifiable and explainable increases caused by consumers needs
and in consonance with other consumer lifestyle trends. On the other hand, fads are determined by an
emotional need to purchase based on publicity and fervent product opinions.

6. Incubation period and life span-Trends develop slowly while fads increase, decrease, and
eventually die out quickly. Trends have long staying power. Trends take longer to build, and their
effects may be felt for years and sometimes even decades.
7.Scope- trend usually includes several brands or products that are applicable to diverse consumer
segments, while fad includes only a single brand or product and has limited appeal outside of one
narrow consumer segment.
8. Cultural Roots-Trends have deeper cultural roots than fads, because fads cross borders easily.
Trends have cultural attachments to the society in which it is introduced. If a fad has no cultural
connections with the people, its popularity and acceptability are short lived.
To become an innovator, we must learn how to scan the business world to discover these
dawning trends and potential disruptors.

Several determinants can affect a trend’s duration, including:

▪ Differentiation – This refers to how unique and memorable the new trending product or service
may be. Differentiation is more important for some industries than others and can be critical to
their success. Essentially, when assessing an emerging trend ask yourself “Is this unique or
really different to what currently exists?” as well as “Is this product/ service remarkable i.e. does
it give me something to remark about?”
▪ Superiority – How well does the product or service compare to its competitors? It is important
to understand how effective and efficient a product is, whether it could be of more value to your
audience, and whether it is more affordable than other similar products on the market.
▪ Newness – How long has the product or service been on the market? Do your research and
see if there are existing similar products on the market. If similar products do exist, when did
they first come onto the scene?
▪ Performance – How well does the product perform in relation to customer expectations? Does
it do what it is advertised to do? Does this satisfy customer needs or desires?
▪ Customer community – How does the user or customer community interact with and use the
new product or service? How large is the potential audience of this trend? Communities can
play a big part in the success of a product or service, and part of this can sometimes be made
up by the ‘why’ of the product. Having a cause creates bigger community participation and
trend duration and creates purpose for the product. Also ask yourself “Does the trend exclude
a crowd?” Some trends are successful simply because they exclude people and therefore
appeal to a nice/specific customer group and cater to their specific needs/wants which in turn
increase the loyalty of the trending product or service.
▪ Aesthetics – This refers to how timeless the design of the product or service experience may
be. Will the service and its design still be relevant in a few years?
▪ Ground-breaking – Does the product cause a total revolution or a simple evolution? Does it
solve/alleviate a problem? Will it change peoples’ life in some way? Will this signal the end of
an era or create a new one?
▪ Market category – Does the trend, product or service create a new market category? Does it
extend on current products and services and take a portion of market share, or does it create
an entirely new category?

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Processing Questions:
1. Why do trends enjoy greater popularity and support from the young generations?
2. How trends affect the culture of the people?
3. How can a fad become a trend? Can you give an example of a fad that became a trend?

Activity: EXPLAIN

Performance task:
My Idea of a Future Trend
Think of an idea in this time of pandemic that can be a trend. You can base your idea from what you
have seen in television, in any newspaper or any other sources. Be able to explain how your idea can
become a trend in the future. Use the different elements and characteristics of a trend to explain how
it can be a trend. Be creative in explaining your idea to your classmates.

Rubric for Assessment of the Personal Essay

(maximum of 15 points for each essay)

MAIN POINTS The main idea or a The main idea can The main idea More than one of the
Body thesis statement is be identified. The can be following problems may
Paragraphs clearly defined. writer shares identified. The be evident: The main
There may be more relevant information, writer shares idea is not identifiable.
than one key point. facts and some The writer shares some
Appropriate relevant experiences. There information, information, but it is
information and is a clear distinction facts and limited or unclear.
details are shared between general experiences, Details are missing or
from a variety of observations and but may show repetitious.
sources including specifics. Supportin problems
personal g details are relevant going from
experiences, and explain the main general
observations, and idea. observations
prior knowledge. to specifics.
Supporting details Stronger
are accurate, support and
relevant, and helpful greater
in clarifying the main attention to
idea(s). details would
strengthen
this paper.

ORGANIZATIO Logical progression Logical progression Organization No discernable

N of ideas with a clear of ideas. Transitions is clear. organization. Transition
Structure structure that are present equally Transitions s are not
Transitions enhances the throughout the are present. present. Connections
thesis. Transitions essay. between ideas seem
are mature and confusing or incomplete.
graceful.

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STYLE The paper is honest Writer's voice Writer's voices Writing is confusing,
Writer’s Voice, and enthusiastic. is consistent and may emerge hard to
Audience The language is strong. The writer is strongly on follow. Language is
Awareness, natural yet thought- aware of an occasion, then vague. No audience
provoking. It brings audience. The retreat behind awareness. No variety
the topic to life. The reader is informed general, in sentence structure.
reader feels a strong and remains vague,
sense of interaction engaged. Sentences tentative, or
with the writer and have varied abstract
senses the person structure. language. The
behind the words. writer is aware
Writing is smooth, of an
skillful, and audience. Th
coherent. Sentence e reader is
s are strong and informed, but
expressive with must work at
varied structure remaining
engaged.
Sentence
structure
shows some
variety.

MECHANICS Punctuation, Punctuation, A few errors in Distracting errors in

Spelling, spelling, spelling, punctuation, punctuation, spelling,
punctuation, capitalization are capitalization are spelling, capitalization.
capitalization correct. No errors. generally correct, capitalization.
with few errors. (1-2) (3-4)

Introduction/Conclusion _______ Grade Equivalent (15 points maximum):

Main Points _______ A = 13 - 15 points
Organization _______ B = 10 - 12 points
Style _______ C = 7 - 9 points
Mechanics _______ D = 4 - 6 points
F=0–3
Total Points ______ = grade of ______

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 Parts of a whole, Emerging
Lesson Pattern, Causes and
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Consequences
Most Essential Learning Competency
● Identify parts of a whole.
● Identify and explain an emerging pattern.
● Identify causes and consequences.

What is it?

Critical Thinking Skill: Parts-to-Whole Thinking

Why Parts is important?

There are many natural objects that are made up of several interlocking parts: the tree outside the
window, the squirrel jumping onto the tree, the clouds above, the air itself, the jet fighter flying through
the sky, and the solar system, galaxies, and the cosmos beyond. All of these consist of smaller parts
which fit together to make the whole, but pieces are not only manmade and natural objects. There are
sections even of abstract ideas. Many of the stories, films, cultures, religions all have component
pieces. Arguments are made up of parts, but what is the point of knowing the parts? If the pieces were
placed together in a different way, it would result in something different. Adjust one item in a recipe
and the taste of the meal changes, right? So, there is a special relationship between the parts and the
whole inside objects and ideas that makes the whole object, what it is, and that allows it to work the
way it does. Therefore, in order to understand something, you really must understand its parts and its
relationships to the whole.

Is Identifying Parts to Whole worth the study?

Understanding how each part contributes to the whole and the working of each part helps us
understand the world around us. That means you can look at the pieces and find out which one led to
the weird taste if the whole is goofed up – say, the soup you cooked for dinner tastes bad – then you
can look at the parts and figure out which one contributed to that bad taste. In a broader sense, if your
relationship with your spouse does not fit well, you can break it down and find out what part needs to
be changed by understanding the parts of a relationship.

What can go wrong with thinking about Parts to Whole?

1. Hasty and superficial.
People only know pieces from their physical appearance. They look at a microwave oven, and
the only parts they can come up with are the door, the opening, the cabinet, and so forth. If we
only identify the parts by appearance, we lose a great deal of our possible understanding of
the thing.
2. Narrow.
Another problem with parts to whole thinking is that we do not break down one part into its
many components. For example, I put down “personality” in my list of parts of a seventeen-
year-old boy. Should we break down that into smaller parts? “Personality” can or should include
“attitude toward life” as well as “values” and maybe even “spirituality” as well as “dressing.” So,
to avoid being narrow and ambiguous, I’m going to rethink the name “personality” and try to
come up with the various sub-parts that make up “personality.”
3. Scattered.
The third problem is really the big one, and that is not trying to identify who’s connected to all
the parts. If you think randomly about the parts of the chair in which you are sitting now, making
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 a scattered list of components, then your list will not reflect the totality, the intricate relationship
between the chair’s back and its arms, how they are connected, and depend upon each other
for strength and stability. We must try to connect the parts together in our parts to whole
thinking, figure out how it all fits and works.

Patterns
A pattern is a sequence of data that is recognizably repeated. It can be identified in the history of the
asset being evaluated or other assets with similar characteristics. Patterns include market volume
analysis, as well as price research. Patterns can take place in a downward or upward trend, or they
can mark the start of a new trend.

Patterns are the distinguishing formations formed on a map by security price change. A pattern is
defined by a line that links common price points, such as closing prices or peaks or lows. Chartists aim
to recognize the future direction of the price of a security.

There are patterns to the beginning, peak, and continuation. A "follow-through day" pattern is an
example of a pattern some analysts use to assess market bottoms. The topping pattern of "head-and-
shoulders" is common among day traders and swing traders, while continuation patterns include the
"cup-and-handle," "flat base," and "three weeks tight."

"The trend is your friend" is a popular catchphrase among technical analysts. Setting up a line chart
will also identify a trend. The line formed between a high and a low is a trendline. If that line is going
up, then the trend is up. The trendline is down if the trend line slopes. Trendlines are the bases of most
patterns in the chart.

Identifying Emerging Patterns

Three components that should be searched for when identifying emerging patterns.
1. Apply the disruption theory.
Disruption reaches a market at the lowest level with a smaller, more affordable product, rather than
beginning at the top with a large, costly product that competes directly with the product of the top
business. (Think of the first Kia vs. GM's Cadillac cars.)
How's it working out? It helps you to predict what the competition will do in response to what you are
planning to do, and to predict whether their competitive response to what you are doing will kill off
your new company.
The traditional business model is the development of improved goods in search of profit, based on
current successful ones. If you think that you can win based on the same profit model, rivals can kill
your company off. However, if you come in with a cheaper commodity and a lower price at the bottom
rung, and climb up slowly, the rivals won't bother staging a toe-to-toe battle.
In another video, "The Innovator's Prescription" (from a Mayo Clinic conference in 2009), Christensen
notes that IBM is the last original manufacturer of large computer equipment left standing because it
has built up, over and over again, fresh, innovative business departments for new products, and
scrapped outmoded ones, enabling it to grow.

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2. What customers should I focus on?
Never go for an existing market if the idea relies on new technologies. Fight against non-consumption
instead. For example, go after people who simply can't afford the product or service.
Christensen offers Sony's illustration of introducing the "crummy, tinny" transistor radios. The company
sold them to teenagers that allowed the teenagers to do things they had not been able to do before:
have a portable radio. To this business sound didn't matter, just comfort. Then Sony did the same by
bringing solid state $99 TVs to people who couldn't afford the old tube consoles. The fresh, affordable
TV was clearly better than nothing. Sony then only made better and better goods and shared them
with their customers. This wiped out several businesses using vacuum tubes.
Two other references here. Are there clients who want an electric car that won't go far or quick? Yes,
teenage parents in suburbia. Are there people willing to settle for inexpensive solar panels that are
sporadically unusable because U.S. companies are seven years away from what U.S. customers
want? Yes, new emergent Asian and African markets.
3. How do you know if the customer will buy your product or service?
The question to ask is, “What is the job to be done?" You need to consider what makes us purchase
a product or service. It turns out neither propensity nor probability. So, it is the job to do with your
product or service. A quick-food business sold a lot of milkshakes. Research has shown that they were
mainly sold early in the morning to people who had long commutes driving alone. Milkshakes filled the
bill better than donuts or bananas to keep these drivers alive for much of their traffic.
Client is the wrong analytical tool. Understanding the work that the consumer is trying to do, we will
build the product to get the job done.
By applying the three steps of Christensen you can achieve the right business product and model for
long-term success.
Clayton Christensen is Kim B. Clark Professor of Corporate Administration at Harvard. He teaches
Construction and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise. In 2011, Christensen was named as the world's
most influential business thinker in a poll of thousands of executives, consultants and business school
professors.
Causes and Consequences
Causes
Each historical event took place as a result of a series of events that happened beforehand. Things
which lead directly to another event are called causes. Some causes had occurred immediately before
the event started, while others existed several years prior to causing the event.
Short Term Causes are causes that had occurred only a few hours, days or weeks before the event.
Long Term Causes are causes that had existed for years, decades or centuries before the event.
Just because before the occurrence something happened doesn't mean it had triggered it. A trigger is
something that has a direct impact on the case. Another way to think about it is to suggest that if the
former had not existed, the latter occurrence would not have occurred.
Not all the causes which lead to a specific historical event are as influential as one another. Some
triggers are more prominent than others.
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Assessing Causes
Example questions for assessing Causes:
Why did the incident take place under examination?
What earlier events were central to the occurrence of the checked event?
What inspired those people who took part in this event?
What were the economic, political, military or social motives leading to this event?
Consequences
Each historic occurrence has a flow-on impact on things that happen after it. Events that take place
due to the incident being investigated are considered 'Consequences. 'Such consequences can
include impacts on individuals, cultures, values or any other historical aspect. Short Term
Consequences are the consequences that occurred only a few hours, days or weeks after the event.
Long Term Consequences are the consequences that occurred years, decades or centuries after the
event. The more you study history, the more you realize that consequences also become causes for
other events.

Assessing Consequences
Example questions for assessing Consequences:
What later events were the direct results of the event under examination?
What changed in society as a result of the past event?
What were the economic, political, military or social changes which resulted from this event?
Processing Questions
1. Which do you prefer part to whole thinking or holistic thinking? Why?
2. What is the difference of a pattern to a trend?
3. What is the difference between a cause from a consequence?
Activity: Collage Making
Instruction: Create a collage on a long bond paper using magazines and newspapers pictures about
emerging patterns.
Collage Rubric

Criteria Poor 2 pts. Fair 3 pts. Good 4 pts. Excellent 5 pts.

Content The picture The picture The picture The picture
Knowledge collage did not collage generally collage clearly collage sincerely
demonstrate demonstrated demonstrated the demonstrated the
student's student's student's student's
understanding of understanding of understanding of understanding of
gratitude and/or gratitude and/or gratitude and/or the gratitude
the assignment. the assignment, assignment. assignment.
but a few things Students added
were lacking. extra information
above what was
needed or
discussed in
class.
Creativity Not much effort Some effort was The student The student
put into making given to make the demonstrated demonstrated
the collage collage creative methods creative methods
colorful, unique, interesting. for designing a for designing a
or eye-catching. collage. Various collage. Various

9
 materials were materials were
utilized, and utilized, and
colors were colors were
distributed. distributed. It was
very neat and
appealing.
Organization The pictures & The pictures & The pictures & The pictures were
words were not words were words were well extremely well
organized/ generally organized and organized/
balanced and did organized/ included several balanced and
not cover the balanced but may different types of included several
bond paper area. not have covered media photos or different types of
Students did not the bond paper art required for pictures, words,
include several area. Students this assignment. drawings required
types of pictures, may not have for this
words, art included various assignment
required for this types of pictures
assignment. required for this
assignment.

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. What are the emerging patterns in your collage?
2. Knowing these will be the emerging patterns soon, what are your plans to benefit from it?
3. How would you face the new challenges brought by emerging patterns of the 21st century?

10
 Lesson Strategic Analysis and Intuitive
3 Thinking

Most Essential Learning Competency

● Explain strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
a. Define strategic analysis and intuitive thinking
b. Differentiate key components in strategic analysis and intuitive thinking

What is it?
Decision-making is a part of our everyday lives. From choosing what clothes to wear, food to
eat, music to listen to, what gadgets to buy, what tv show to watch, what business to open, all of these
involve a certain way of thinking to be able to come up with a sound decision. According to the widely
acknowledged dual process theory of cognition (Evans, 2008) there are two basic kinds of thinking
processes or systems at work when we are reasoning, passing judgments or making decisions:
strategic analysis and intuitive thinking. They are widely acknowledged as important tools in
decision-making.

Strategic Analysis is the process of examining, using one’s rationality or reason, the
organization’s surroundings and resources and how they relate with each other to formulate a strategy
to meet the objectives and improve performance. It is a process of developing strategy for a business
by researching the business and the environment in which it operates. It is a form of thinking which is
analytic, rule-based, conscious, explicit and slow. On the other hand, intuitive thinking is a
phenomenon of the mind. It is defined as the ability to acquire knowledge without inference or the use
of reason. It is characterized as a form of thinking which is intuitive, heuristic, unconscious, implicit,
and fast.

KEY COMPONENTS IN STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

The components in strategic analysis enable an organization or institution to determine whether

there are factors that will aid in the achievement of the specific objectives (due to an existing strength
of the specific objectives), (due to an existing strength or opportunity) or if there are obstacles that
must be overcome before the desired outcome can be realized (due to weakness or threats).

The use of SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats) analysis aims to
identify the internal and external factors seen as important in achieving an objective.
• Internal Factors!"!#$%!&#'%()#$&!*(+!,%*-(%&&%&!.(#%'(*/!#0!#$%!0')*(.1*#.0(2!
• External Factors! "! #$%! 0330'#4(.#.%&! *(+! #$'%*#&! 3'%&%(#%+! 56! #$%! %(7.'0(8%(#! %9#%'(*/! #0! #$%!
0')*(.1*#.0(2!:$%&%!*'%!3'%&%(#%+!*&!;0//0,&<
a. Strengths – These are the positive attributes internal to your organization and within your
control. Strengths often encompass resources, competitive advantages, the positive aspects of those

11
within your workforce and the aspects related to your business that you do particularly well, focusing
on all the internal components that add value or offer you a competitive advantage

b. Weaknesses – These refer to the factors that are within your control yet hinders you to
obtain or maintain a competitive edge such as lack of resources, limited access to skills or technology,
limited expertise, substandard services or poor physical location. Weaknesses capture the negative
internal aspects of your business that weaken the overall value of the products or services. This
category can be extremely helpful in providing an organizational assessment, provided you focus on
an accurate identification of your company’s weaknesses.

c. Opportunities –These pertain to the summary of the external factors that represent the
motivation for your organization to exist and prosper. For example, in a business organization, these
factors include the specific opportunities existing within your market that provide a benefit, including
market growth, lifestyle changes, resolution of current problems or the basic ability to offer a higher
degree of value in relation to your competitors to promote an increase in demand for your products or
services. One element to be aware of is timing. For example, are the opportunities you are catering to
ongoing or is there a limited window of opportunity?

d. Threats – These refer to the external factors beyond the control of your organization that
have the potential to place your marketing strategy, or the entire business, at risk. The primary and
ever-present threat is competition. However, other threats can include unsustainable price increases
by suppliers, increased government regulation, economic downturns, negative press coverage, shifts
in consumer behavior or the introduction of “leap-frog” technology that leaves your products or services
obsolete.

Although these forces are external and therefore beyond your control, SWOT analysis may
also aid in the creation of a business. Analysis may view the internal factors as strengths or as
weaknesses depending upon their effect on the organization’s objectives. What may represent
strengths with respect to one objective may be weaknesses (distractions, competition) for another
objective. The external factors may include macroeconomic matters, technological change, legislation,
and sociocultural changes, as well as changes in the marketplace or in a competitive position.

SWOT Analysis is just one method of categorization and has its own weaknesses. For
example, it may tend to persuade its users to compile lists rather than to think about actual important
factors in achieving objectives. It also presents the resulting lists uncritically and without clear
prioritization so that, for example, weak opportunities may appear to balance strong threats.

It is prudent not to eliminate any candidate SWOT entry too quickly. The importance of
individual SWOTs will be revealed by the value of the strategies they generate. A SWOT item produces
valuable strategies. A SWOT item that generates no strategies is not important.

COMPONENTS OF INTUITIVE THINKING

There are five (5) components of intuitive thinking. These are:
1. Intuitive Thinking lacks rationalization. It is not being orderly, as having no rationalization. It does
not possess reason nor observation; little or no conscious deliberation and independently of any
reasoning process.
2. Intuitive Thinking is not sequential. Hayashi (2001) states that we are reaching conclusions on
the basis of things that go on in our perceptual system, where we are aware of the result of the
perception but we are not aware of the steps. Intuitive thinking is a nonlinear, nonempirical process.
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3. Intuitive Thinking includes insight. It is a deliberation – without attention, that is, the mind is
deliberating without any attention to that process, and at the end of that deliberation in the unconscious
thought process, and there is an insight from the unconscious to the conscious. Intuition is a shortcut
in that it bypasses the step by-step process. This explains the ‘aha’ sensation you experience when
you learn something that you actually already know.
4. Immediacy – Intuitive thinking proceeds automatically, immediately interpreting the present
relationship. An intuition occurs immediately with no planning. The person (intuited) can perform most
effectively when he is not conscious. The hallmark of intuitive mode is seeing without glasses, hearing
without filters, touching with ungloved hands (Noddings and Shore, 1984). Intuition does not imply
accuracy, rightness or moral goodness, but it does imply commitment and clarity. Schon (1982)
describes the immediacy of intuition as reflected by the getting of truth all at once without the time-
consuming effort of deliberation. Mandler (1995) proposes the term “mind popping to explain thoughts
and solutions that come to mind non-deliberately when one is engaged in intuition.
5. Intuitive thinking is sensing relationships.The component of sensing relationships reflects the
formulation of connections. This is based upon a person’s knowledge structures which reflect his level
of expertise. For example, a music composer formulates a series of notes of a certain pattern to make
music. A designer selects a key piece of furniture to complement the décor.

Processing Questions
1. What is strategic analysis?
2. How is intuitive thinking different from strategic analysis?
3. Between intuitive thinking and strategic analysis, which is better to use when coming up with
decisions or solving problems?
DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY:
MY PERSONAL SWOT ANALYSIS
As a senior high school student, one of your goals is to have a good academic performance so
that you’ll have good grades which in turn will give you an opportunity to get into respectable and good
performing colleges and universities in the future. This early on, you should start planning or coming
up with a strategic analysis to be able to achieve your goal, and what better way to do that than making
your own SWOT analysis. Reflect on yourself and the things and people that surround while filling out
the SWOT analysis form below.

Processing questions:

1. After filling out the SWOT Analysis form above, what did you find out about yourself?
2. What necessary actions should you take to be able to reach your goal?
3. Was undertaking the SWOT analysis helpful to you? Why?

13
 Lesson Apply Strategic Analysis and
4 Intuitive Thinking

Most Essential Learning Competency

1. Apply strategic analysis.
2. Apply intuitive thinking in solving a problem in the community using a map of social networks.

What is it?
ATTAINING FACILITY IN STRATEGIC ANALYSIS

Strategic analysis helps you understand the company’s strategic position. It is important to
analyze environmental changes and find out how they can affect the manager and his employees.
Strategic analysis aims to create a view of the key factors which can have an impact on the present
and future performance of your company. If strategic analysis is carried out in a correct manner then
it will help you choose the right strategy.

Some key factors in strategic analysis are discussed briefly below. Understanding them can help you
overcome difficulties.

a. The environment:
An institution (company, school, business, etc.) cannot exist without being able to interact with
a complex commercial, economic, political, technological, cultural, and social environment. The
institution is faced with changes to the environment, and a clear understanding of their impact is of
great importance for the formation of a strategic plan. These external effects are called threats and
weaknesses and they are part of the SWOT analysis.
b. The resources of your organization or institution:
Resources of the organization are internal influences. This strategic capability of your company
can be seen as your strengths and weaknesses which can also be a part of your SWOT analysis.
c. The expectations of different stakeholders:
The development of your company or any institution also depends on the expectations of the
stakeholders of your company. Their beliefs and assumptions constitute the culture of your company.
For example, the thinking of two managers of different divisions may result in different conclusions
about your strategy, though they are facing the same environmental conditions.
Hence, many influences come from your stakeholders and the magnitude of their impact upon
your strategy depends on the respective power of each group of stakeholders (i.e. the greater the
power of a division in your company, the stronger their influence upon your strategic analysis).
A reflection upon these key factors; your company environment, resources, expectations and
objectives within the cultural and political framework of your company should be the starting point for
the execution of your strategic analysis.

STRATEGIC CHOICE

After undertaking strategic analysis, you will be ready to make a strategic choice. A strategic
choice is defined as the selection of the best possible course of action based on the evaluation of your
available strategic options.
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STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION

The final step, strategy implementation is defined as the way in which you will translate your
strategy into actions. Strategic implementation requires careful planning and proper deployment of
your company’s resources, careful handling of possible changes in your organization structure and
effective change management. Implementation of your strategy can take place in several stages

INTUITIVE THINKING AND HEURISTICS

Intuitive thinking is usually associated with thinking that makes use of heuristics. Heuristics
are mental shortcuts or thinking maneuvers that enable the decision-maker to make quick judgments,
evaluations or decisions often by simplifying difficult problems or tasks. They are likened to the “rules
of the thumb” which lessen the time of decision-making and allow decisions to be made without much
evaluation. let us examine some of the major forms of heuristics identified by psychologists:

1. Satisficing Heuristic – “What satisfies, suffices.” The word satisficing is a combination of the
words satisfying and sufficing. It happens when in the course of considering alternatives, you
come across an alternative that is good enough to satisfy your objectives, therefore stopping
you from further deliberating. We also settle for a choice when we no longer have time to gather
all the information to come up with the best decision.
2. Risk-Aversion Heuristic – this heuristic is at work when we make judgments or decisions or
assess the probability of the outcomes on the basis of the belief that what is certain is preferable
to or is more valuable than the uncertain. Because of this belief, we naturally go for the sure
thing.
3. Loss-Aversion Heuristic – it is at work when we make judgments or decisions or assess the
probability of the possible outcomes on the basis of the belief that avoiding losses are
preferable to making gains. This translates to the tendency to give more weight to
disadvantages than advantages in the evaluation of alternative courses of actions.
4. Availability Heuristic – it is at work when we make judgments or decisions or assess the
probability of the occurrence of expected outcomes on the basis of the belief that a related
story or an experience that happened to us (or someone close to us) that we clearly remember
or are readily available to our memory will happen again.
5. Affect Heuristic – this is at work when we make judgments or assess the probability of possible
outcomes on the basis of our immediate positive or negative reaction; this affective response
is also known as our “gut feeling.”
6. Association Heuristic – it is when we make judgment or decisions or assess the probability
of the occurrence of expected outcomes based on what an idea reminds us of or what we
associate with the word or idea.
7. Simulation Heuristic – it is at work when we make judgments or decisions or assess the
probability of the possible outcomes on the basis of what we imagine various scenarios will
happen.
8. Similarity Heuristic – it is when we make decisions or judgments or assess the probability of
the occurrence of expected outcomes on the basis of a belief that what happened to someone
else with whom we have similarities with will happen to us as well.
9. Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic - this heuristic is at work when we make decisions or
judgments or assess the probability of the occurrence of expected outcomes on the basis of

15
 using a number or a value as a starting point serving as our “anchor” which we later on adjust
to a level of that we find acceptable.
INTUITIVE THINKING IN DEALING WITH VARIED ACTIVITIES

While intuitive thinking contrasts with analytical reasoning, intuition involves a particular type of
reasoning. Intuition acts in a complementary fashion with reason, and it is impossible to isolate the two
meticulously and discretely. The Intuitive process could be described as a mode of reasoning that
ironically incorporates analytical processes while functioning in contrast to them.

Some varied activities in which intuitive thinking can be used are as follows:

1. An entrepreneur who suddenly has a brilliant idea, sees a potential business opportunity between
her pizza delivery service and delivering processes to busy young professionals. The act of relating
two services that initially seem unrelated occurs through insight—an intuitive thinking.

2. Jumble word by methodically (not analytically), manipulating the order of the letters.

3. Drawing analogies. This is correspondence between things otherwise dissimilar or that if two things
are known to be alike in some respects, then they must be alike in other respects.

4. Arrangement problems such as jigsaw puzzles and anagrams can be considered as problems for
intuitive thinking. An insight problem can be solved in two (2) ways: feeling-of-warmth indicators and
incubation. Incubation, or taking away from the content of interest is thought to facilitate solutions.

Processing Questions:
1. What are some of the key factors in strategic analysis?
2. How do we apply strategic analysis in a business organization?
3. How can intuitive thinking help in solving a problem in the community? Justify your answer by
giving an example.

DEVELOPMENTAL ACTIVITY:
SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS
Read the situation below. Choose a form of heuristic that can be applied in the situation and
explain what your personal decision is in the given situation. Note that your decision should be
supported by a form of heuristic.

Gambling such as cockfighting and “video-karera” is rampant in your community. Your

father regularly engages himself into these gambling activities to the point that your family’s
livelihood is affected. How will you solve your family’s problem? And if you are a barangay
official how will you help curb the problem?

_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
16
Rubric for checking the essay:

Scoring Rubrics
3 2 1
Accuracy The words used are The words used are in taglish
spontaneous and form and has grammatical
grammatically fluent problems
Relevance The essay example The essay satisfactorily The essay vaguely shows
shows his/her shows his/her his/her understanding of the
understanding of the understanding of the topic topic
topic.

Lesson The Concrete Effects of

5 Globalization and to One’s Daily
Life.
Most Essential Learning Competency
● To explain the concrete effects of globalization and to one’s daily life.
● To explain the need for collaboration and cooperation to achieve interconnectedness of people
and nations
What is it?

Globalization is the keyword for the rise of global networks. Globalization is rooted from the word
global which means that actions occur “across political and cultural boundaries, “which means
“creates intensive as well as spatially extensive interconnections between a range of institutions, and
actors and develops ‘” transnational processes, institutions, and actors; and develops “transnational
processes, institutions, and ways of interpreting the world as a single space” (Holton, 2008, 6).
Globalization is the process in which the economies of different countries around the world become
increasingly assimilated over time.
Elements of Globalization
1. Privatization- refers to the policies of the government to transfer government-owned
corporations and sell them to the control of the private sector. When a government-owned company is
privatized, it becomes profit oriented. In the Philippines, most of the government owned corporations
that have been privatized are related to public services like electricity, water, transportation, and
telecommunications. When these services became privatized, the cost of electricity, water,
telecommunications services and even transportation became expensive because their private owners
became profit-driven and no longer service-oriented.
2. Deregulation refers to the streaming of government’s control over the industry for basic
commodities like oil supply, water, and electricity.to deregulate means that the government will not
anymore intervene with certain companies for as long they provide valid reasons for their courses of
actions.
3. Liberalization is a policy wherein laws regarding restrictive importation of products are
modified or totally abolished. Liberalization is done by amending or abolishing policies that restrict or
limit the importation of goods in the form of tariffs and quotas. When it’s implemented, products of
developed countries can now penetrate the markets of developing countries and the least developed
nations.
Types of Globalization
17
1. Economic Globalization is an economic process that involves the movements of economic
resources from one country to another.
2. Cultural Globalization like products, culture has also been commodified. When books, films,
and music are released, they are not only sold in the United States or in Europe but they are alo sold
and promoted in the international market. Whether it’s the Harry Potter film and book or the new Justin
Bieber album, these new trends are also popularized not just in developed countries but also in
developing countries. A new trend that is developing in relation to cultural globalization in the North to
the South flow of culture. In the last few years, western media owners have become interested in
opening television channels in developing countries.

3. Political Globalization The establishment of regional globalization like the European Union
(EU), ASEAN, and APEC aims to establish a world under a single government. The member-states of
these organizations remain sovereign, but they are bound to perform obligations and follow
commitments that they have signed when they joined these organizations. By doing so, they have, to
a certain extent, bounded and integrated themselves to the policies of the concerned international
organizations and groupings (PreserveArticles.com,2012).

Effects of Globalization
Some scholars believe that globalization is an important trend to promote economic development.
According to John Williamson (1998), the chief economist for the South Asia Region at the World Bank,
globalization has the following positive effects on the economy.
1. Globalization provides an increase in the level of global output.
2. Globalization brings the best technology and other forms of intellectual capital to the countries
that cannot produce it.
3. International capital flows can transfer savings from countries where the marginal product of
capital is low to those where it is high.
4. Globalization influences the distribution and levels of income.
Globalization is also viewed negatively by other economists and scholars. Manuels Castells global
network theorist contends that globalization has led to the erosion of cultural diversity, and it has
produced a unified global system of culture and economic values.
Globalization on Labor and Migration
Change is inevitably in every aspect of life, both personal and social. Such change is experienced by
people in various ways and in different magnitudes and consequences. The world today is significantly
experiencing these changes in the field of environment, culture, politics and economics.
Understanding Globalization
Globalization is the most powerful force for change in the world today affecting all societies on the
planet. It entails the movement of capital, free flow of goods and services, the increased mobility of
individuals, and the expansions of multinational corporations and transnational organizations.
Globalization has integrated the product and financial markets of economies around the world through
the driving forces of trade and capital flows across borders. One of the goals of globalization is for the
world to become more interdependent. People and countries of the world are closely woven together
especially in the economic aspect. It aims to standardized income distribution through its economic
integration schemes. It shows that globalization has advantages and disadvantages.
Globalization and Migration
The issue of globalization is linked with migration and with movement of capital and commodities.
Migration is said to be as old as human civilization, and there is clear proof that globalization is
inextricably related to it. National Geographic defines human migration as the movement of people
from one territory to another for the purposes of taking up either as permanent or temporary residence.
Movement can be considered as voluntary or involuntary, long term or short term.
Why do people Migrate?

18
People migrate for various reasons, the reasons may fall under four categories: environmental,
political, cultural, and economic. it is categorized as "push" and "pull".
Push Factors - are those that motivate people to move from one place to another because of difficulty.
Pull Factors - those that motivate people to move from their place to another place because of some
desires.
Migration, Globalization and Climate Change
Natural calamities like earthquakes, tsunamis, typhoons and floods have brought varying degrees of
devastation around the world. The global consciousness that climate change may represent one of the
most significant threats of the near future has stimulated humanity's collective interest in disaster.
Achim Steiner, Director General of the international Union for Conservation of Nature, believes that
migration, both forces and voluntary, will be the most significant consequences of climate change and
environmental degradation.

Migration and Development

Migration- movement of people from one territory to another for the purpose of taking up either a
permanent or temporary residence.
Types of migration:
Internal Migration. -looking for a new residence within their own country or state
External Migration- moving in a different country or state
Immigration. moving into a new country
Forced migration- when the states force the people to migrate for a reason.
GLOBAL MIGRATION- a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries, especially in order
to find work: Most global migration is from developing countries to developed ones. global migration
patterns.
The word ‘development’ is widely used to refer to a specified state of advancement or
growth. It could also be used to describe a new and advanced idea or product; or an event that
constitutes a new stage under changing circumstances.

Global networks- is one major trend in the twenty-first century. Robert Holton (2008), describes it as a
“major feature of contemporary processes of globalization” which are highly evident in the everyday
lives of people and organizations whose area of operations go beyond a country’s own borders. The
concept is made up of two important terms, namely “global” and “network”.
Global means that an entity’s reach is beyond the territorial borders of a country; thus, it destroys the
cultural and economic barriers that separates regions and places. Being global connotes that entities
cross boundaries and are connected to more than one country with the entity member often located in
different places.
Networks (Zeev Maoz (2011, 7 and 38-39) defines networks as a set of units like nerves, species,
individual or state, with a particular rule which determines the degree or directions of relation or ties
that exist between or among social entities or units. A Global network can be defined as a set of
units manifesting certain ties or relationships that exist and operate beyond territorial borders
of a particular country. Roger, Cohen,and Vertovec (2001, iii-vi) note that global networks are made
up of “dynamic and flexible types of connections between individuals, groups, or organizations that
crisscross the world.

Characteristics of Global Network

1.Global networks across borders and connect to more than one country
2.Movement across a boundary is long-term
3Global networks are not confined within a particular country.

19
Two (2) Major Types of Global Networks
1.Technical global networks -is a form of global network adopted from telecommunications systems
that utilize a variety of satellite, cable and wireless technologies.
2. Interpersonal global network -is a form of global network that includes cross-border groups such
as migrants, aid or social workers involved in advocacy work and even professionals discussing and
debating about new ideas and discoveries.

Processing Questions
1.How does globalization affect Filipino migration and overseas employment?
2.How do the three elements of globalization affect the Philippine economy? Is it beneficial to our
country’s economy and society?
3.How would you explain the role of technology to globalization?
Activity: Performance task: JUMBLED LETTERS. Arrange the letters and write the correct answer
on the space provided for.
1. T E A L I N R N I O M G T I A N R -looking for new residence within their own country or
state
_______________________________

2. V E T D O P M E L N E- is widely used to refer to a specified state of advancement or growth.

It could also be used to describe a new and advanced idea or product; or an event that constitutes a
new stage under changing circumstances. ________________________

3. T ES R N W K O - a set of units like nerves, species, individual or state, with a particular rule
which determines the degree or directions of relation or ties that exist between or among social entities
or units. ________________________________

4. A I L A I N O G O B L Z T - is the process in which the economies of different countries around

the world become increasingly assimilated over time. ______________________________-.

5. LBALGO R I N O T A M G I - a situation in which people go to live in foreign countries,

especially in order to find work: Most global migration is from developing countries to developed ones.
global migration patterns develop as new technologies of communication encounter a variety of
functions.

Lesson The Different Contributions of the

6 Parts to a Whole and the Important
role of Creative Imagination in Putting
Together the Various Part of the
Whole
Most Essential Learning Competency
● Discuss the different contributions of the parts to a whole.
● Stress the important role of creative imagination in putting together the various parts of the whole.

What is it?
Why are parts important? Think about all the things that are around you right now, this instance. All
20
 those things are made up of parts, sometimes a few like the pencil beside me on the desk and
sometimes many, many parts like the computer I’m typing on. Notice, too, the fingers that are doing
the typing, they’re made up of parts. And beyond where you’re sitting and reading this, there are
many other natural objects that are made up of many interlocking parts: the tree outside the window,
the squirrel climbing on the tree, the clouds above, the air itself, the jet fighter screaming across the
sky, and beyond that the solar system, galaxies, and the universe. All of it is made up of smaller
parts that fit together to make the whole. Interesting, but not only manmade and natural objects
are made up of parts. Abstract concepts have parts, too. Stories, movies, societies, religions all
have component parts. In the next class, we’re going to look at Arguments, and find out that they,
too, are made up of parts. But what’s important about knowing the parts? Well, if the parts were put
together in a different way, something different would result. Change one item in a recipe and you
change the taste of the meal, right? You bet. Within objects and ideas there exists a special
relationship between the parts and the whole that makes the whole object what it is, that permits it
to function the way it does. Parts of a whole explains how the parts function together within the
whole text or thing.

Consequently, to understand something, you really need to understand its parts and their
relationships to the whole. Understanding how each part contributes to the whole and how each
part functions helps us to understand the world around us. That means that if the whole is goofed
up, say, the soup you cooked for dinner tastes funny then you look at the parts and figure out which
one contributed to that funny taste. Or, in a larger context, if your relationship with your spouse
isn’t working well, by knowing the parts of a relationship, you can break it down and figure out what
part needs to be fixed. Let’s say you have a sixteen-year old kid, a boy, and you know something
is going wrong with him. He’s not the sweet, thoughtful goofball he was two years ago. You are his
parent; you have to do something or at least try something to get him back on track, because in our
world, a sixteen-year old boy faces a lot of dangers ahead.
If you’re an organized thinker, trained by the skilled teachers you have the skills to analyze the
problem. You simply get out a pencil and paper and break your kid down into parts. What parts are
there to this sixteen-year old boy? I’m going to list some general parts that I can think of right now,
but you can probably think of other, better parts. Here’s my free writing list of a kid’s parts;
Personality, appearance, family history, personal history, inherited traits, spiritual life – religious
activity, physical abilities, mental abilities, attitude toward life – how he greets the day, bad habits –
drugs, attraction to bad girls, good habits – things that might get him out of trouble, friends,
relationships – with parents, siblings, school history, values, heroes – who he admires, dressing
habits, health, talents, gifts, and sense of humor
Important Role of creative Imagination in putting together the various part of a Whole
The best way to have a good idea is to have many ideas and arguably the best way to have many
ideas is to expand your perspective of the thing or space you’re working with. Imagination is the
creative ability to form images, ideas, and sensations in the mind without direct input from the senses.
You can expand your perspective in a number of ways: by talking with others to hear their ideas and
thoughts, by reading perspectives of history, or by adjusting your perspective of any particular thing or
circumstance. You can expand your perspective by breaking apart the thing you’re looking at or the
space around it, by asking questions or zooming in/out either literally or figuratively. In doing so you
open up the possibility of nearly endless ideas because the complexity of any single thing is the sum
of its parts and history. You can look at anything and consider each of the attributes of it, then go
further to consider the attributes of those attributes and so on.
A shoe is a shoe until you really look at it and its parts. The sole, the shoelaces, the tongue and toe
tip. Further into any of those parts continues expanding your perspective of what makes a shoe into a
shoe: the fabrics, plastics, and other materials. Or consider the patterns used for stitching the materials
of a shoe together: how do the patterns strengthen or weaken the shoe as a whole? How do the
21
materials interact with each other: is a single, long thread stitched through two parts stronger than
many shorter threads? Where might glue have been used? What other materials or patterns could be
used for each component? How does changing any of those influence the larger whole? These types
of ideas are possible even if you don’t work in the shoe industry, because all you need to do is observe,
question, and imagine. In your own life and work you can generate many new ideas by looking at the
attributes—the texture, function, parts and components, even history of anything, then imagining what
would happen if any of them changed. If you replaced something, removed it entirely, or used more of
the attribute. If you want to have many ideas: don't merely look at a thing or problem in its entirety,
instead consider the sums of the whole and how changing any one of them will change the larger parts.

What can go wrong with thinking about Parts to Whole?

According to people who study Parts to Whole thinking – and yes, there actually are people who
study this – there are three common problems with Parts to Whole thinking.
1. Hasty and superficial. Sometimes people identify parts only by their physical appearance.
They look at a microwave oven, and the only parts they can come up with are the door, the
opening, the cabinet, and so forth. If we only identify the parts by appearance, we lose a
great deal of our possible understanding of the thing.
2. Narrow. Another problem with parts to whole thinking is when we fail to break down one part
into its many components. For example, in my list of parts of a sixteen-year old kid, I put
down “personality.” What the heck is that? Can’t we break that down into smaller parts?
Surely, “personality” can or should include “attitude toward life” as well as “values” and
maybe even “spirituality” as well as “dressing habits.” To avoid being narrow and vague, I
am going to reconsider my part called “personality” and try to come up with the many sub-
parts that make up “personality.” See what I mean?
3. Scattered. The third problem is really the big one, and that is not trying to identify who all of
22
 the parts are connected. If you just randomly think about the parts of the chair you’re sitting
in now, making a scattered list of components, then your list won’t reflect the totality, the
intricate relationship between the chair’s back and its arms, the way they are connected
and depend upon each other for strength and stability. In our parts to whole thinking, we
have to try to connect the parts together, figure out how it all fits and functions.
Processing questions:
1. Why is it important to know and understand the parts of a whole?
2. Think of an example on what smaller things make up a whole.
3. For each part, what would happen if it were different, malfunctioning or missing?

Lesson Activities that Exemplify Care for the

7 Environment and the Effects of
Consumption and Production
Patterns on Climate Change
Most Essential Learning Competency
● List activities that exemplify care for the environment.
● Explain the effects of consumption and production patterns on climate change.

What is it?
If there’s one thing humanity has in common, it’s our planet. We might speak different languages. We
might make more money than other people. We might look different, act different, and have different
opinions, but we all have at least one thing in common…the Earth. Our planet gives us the food we
eat, the materials to make our houses, and the power to create books, light bulbs, and laptops. We
depend on the planet for everything, for both beauty and basic needs, since without its resources, we
wouldn’t exist. But what about individuals? What can we do to pitch in and help save the Earth? There
are plenty of things you can do every day to help reduce greenhouse gases and your carbon footprint
to make a less harmful impact on the environment. Taking care of the Earth is not just a responsibility,
it's a necessity. There are different ways for us to contribute and help in taking care of our environment
these are the following:
1. Conserve Water – Water is wasted more frequently than we can see. Turn off the faucet as you
are brushing your teeth, Don’t turn your shower on until you’re ready to get in and wash your hair, Limit
your water usage as you wash dishes and Save up your dirty clothes by washing a full machine load
of clothes uses water and energy than 2 half loads this means lower bills as well.
2. Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle – The most effective way to reduce, waste is to not create it in the
first place, making a new product requires a lot of materials and energy- raw materials must be
extracted from the earth, and the product must be fabricated then transported to wherever it will be
sold. As a result, reduction, reuse and recycle are the most effective ways you can save natural
resources, protect the environment and save money. Repair rather than replace. Take your own bags
when shopping to reduce use of plastic bags, use fewer plastic bottles. Avoid Styrofoam. Avoid
products designed specifically for a short life span. Collect waste and help to establish community
centers where it can be pooled and sorted for re-use. Reduce your dependence on the car – walk,
Walking and biking are evident ways to reduce greenhouse gases.
3. Eat Sustainable Foods -Today, large-scale food production accounts for as much as 25 percent
of the greenhouse emissions. So how do you eat sustainably? Choosing food from farmers that aim
to conserve the natural resources and have as little impact on the land as possible. But even buying
23
as much as you can from local farmers makes a difference. Eating more whole grains, vegetables,
fruits and nuts, and less red meats and processed foods does too. Grow your own fruits and
vegetables. You can grow a garden in your own backyard or spaces at home.
4. Plant a Tree (or Two)- Trees improve our air quality by filtering harmful dust and pollutants such as
ozone, carbon monoxide, and sulfur dioxide from the air we breathe. Trees give off oxygen that we
need to breathe. Trees also remove all other kinds of junk from the air, including sulfur dioxide, nitrogen
oxides and small particles. Some indirect economic benefits of trees are that if we reduce the energy,
we use then utility companies will have less demand placed on the infrastructure, thus reducing
operating costs which can be passed on to the consumer. So, go ahead, plant a tree. It's good for
everybody.
5. Proper disposal techniques, never throw garbage into empty lots – these lead to water
contamination. Recycle engine oil. Never throw it down the drain. One liter of oil will contaminate up to
two million litres of water. Never use pesticides or fertilizers near water sources, and never pour
chemicals down the drain, this contaminates supplies. Combine plants that protect each other – acting
as natural insecticides. Waste management is important because it helps in maintaining the
cleanliness of the whole world. It needs to be practiced, because the entire population's health and
protection depend on it.
Effects of Production and Consumption Pattern in Climate Change
Production is a process of combining various material inputs and immaterial inputs in order to make
something for consumption. It is the act of creating an output, a good or service which has value and
contributes to the utility of individuals.
Consumption, defined as spending for acquisition of utility, is a major concept in economics and is also
studied in many other social sciences. It is seen in contrast to investing, which is spending for
acquisition of future income.
A consumer is a person or a group who intends to order, orders, or uses purchased goods, products,
or services primarily for personal, social, family, household and similar needs, not directly related to
entrepreneurial or business activities.
As consumers, how our consumption patterns affect climate changes?
As we perform our daily routine of our life on this planet, we consume different foods, shelters and
services.
There are three broad consumption categories:
1. Households and Utilities- households are spending on:
Electricity- we cannot maintain current patterns of energy consumption without Carbon dioxide
causing further damage to emission, the earth’s delicate climatic balance and leaving our 80% of
carbon causing our children a future without dioxide is imbalance in the energy produced when earth’s
atmosphere fossil fuels and resulting in climate tropical forests changes. All forms of electricity
generation have an environmental impact on our air, water and land, but it varies. Making electricity
use an important part of each person’s environmental footprint.
Producing and using electricity more efficiently reduces both the amount of fuel needed to generate
electricity and the amount of greenhouse gases and other air pollution emitted as a result. Electricity
from renewable resources such as solar, geothermal, and wind generally does not contribute to climate
change or local air pollution since no fuels are combusted
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 Water – as what we always say water is life that is very necessary in our every life. Furthermore, and
almost most importantly, water takes a lot of energy, time, and money to filter and clean so that it's
drinkable. Wasting water or overusing household water means you're wasting the energy-intensive
process of filtration. Water also affects the quality of rainwater and of water resources both above and
below ground, and damages natural systems. The causes of freshwater pollution are varied and
include industrial wastes, sewage, runoff from farmland, cities, and factory effluents, and the build-up
of sediment and other.
Public services –The environmental impact of transport is significant, because transport is a major
user of energy, and burns most of the world's petroleum burning fossil fuels like gasoline and diesel
releasing carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, into the atmosphere. This creates air pollution, including
nitrous oxides and particulates, and is a significant contributor to global warming through emission of
carbon dioxide.
Natural gas - Natural gas is a fossil fuel, though the global warming emissions from its combustion
are much lower than those from coal or oil. Natural gas emits 50 to 60 percent less carbon dioxide
(CO2) when combusted in a new, efficient natural gas power plant compared with emissions from a
typical new coal plant usually needs to be processed before it can be used. When it is extracted,
natural gas can contain a variety of elements and compounds other than methane. Water, ethane,
butane, propane, pentanes, hydrogen sulphide, carbon dioxide, water vapor, and occasionally helium
and nitrogen may be present in a natural gas well. In order to be used for energy, the methane is
processed and separated from the other components produces negligible amounts of sulfur, mercury,
and particulates. Burning natural gas does produce nitrogen oxides (NOx), which are precursors to
smog.
Telephone services - Telecommunications provide a technological foundation for societal
communications. Communication plays a central role in the fundamental operations of a society from
business to government to families. Most directly, information and communications technology (ICT)
has environmental impacts through the manufacturing, operation and disposal of devices and network
equipment. The Natural Resources Defense Council observes that lead, mercury, and cadmium found
in personal electronic devices such as mobile phones can “release dangerous toxins into our air and
water when burned or deposited in landfills improperly.
As a concerned individual consumer who wants to preserve our planet that we live in” Watch Your
Waste! Did you know? That solid waste (garbage) continues to build up in dump sites, landfills, rivers
and the sea, long after you think you’ve disposed it. That some of the things you throw away today will
still be clogging drains, polluting drinking water, and creating major health problems for your children
and future generations. Disposable diapers and plastic bottles thrown into the sea take 450 years to
degrade. Aluminum cans take 200 years to degrade and tin cans take 50. Final disposal of all waste
consists of open dumping and burning. This is impacting negatively on the soil and air. 1 percent of
the world’s tropical forest is lost every year.
2. Mobility - is a daily consumption issue and a basic need (Basic necessities'' – refers to rice, corn,
bread, fresh, dried and canned fish and other marine products, fresh pork, beef and poultry meat, fresh
eggs, fresh and processed milk, infant formulas, fresh vegetables, root crops, coffee, sugar, cooking
oil, salt, laundry soap, detergents, firewood, charcoal, candles and other commodities as may be
classified by the DTI and the DA.). Consumption decisions directly or indirectly determine working
conditions, job creation, social welfare as well as the economic situation of people, companies,
countries everybody is involved. Mobility is a major source of GHG (Greenhouse Gases) emissions
and resource use including bio system services related to consumption and resulting in an increase in
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the temperature of the earth surface. The emission of greenhouse gasses from fossil fuel burning is
the primary human activity that affects the rate of climate change.
3. Food - Food consumption and production have a considerable impact on the environment. These
contribute to climate change that can disrupt food availability, reduce access to food, and affect food
quality. For example, projected increases in temperatures, changes in precipitation patterns, changes
in extreme weather events, and reductions in water availability may all result in reduced agricultural
productivity. Moderate warming and more carbon dioxide in the atmosphere may help some plants to
grow faster. However, more severe warming, floods, and drought may reduce yields. Global Warming
is already affecting world food production patterns and causing increases in infectious diseases.
Finding solutions together, Sustainable consumption means fulfilling our needs for food, shelter,
clothing, and services while protecting the earth’s natural resources. This is an enormous challenge
as it requires us to put aside narrow interests and share the earth’s resources. It requires us to preserve
nature’s capital to provide an adequate standard of living for those alive today as well as for
generations to come. Addressing the twin challenges of poverty and environmental degradation
requires changing how goods are produced, consumed, and distributed. It also requires people to use
resources more efficiently as well as thinking of the environmental impact of their consumption and
acting to preserve the environment. Consumers have the responsibility to help to push our society
towards economic prosperity, environmental quality and social justice. In other words, we have to move
in the direction of sustainable consumption.
Process Questions:

1. How does your pattern of consumption affect climate change?

2. What is your role as a consumer in preserving our environment?
3. As consumers, if we cannot go away with the products that we consume in our daily lives that are
harmful to our environment, what can we do to lessen their negative effects?
Activity: Poster Making
Directions: Create a poster showing care for the environment using recycled materials. Be guided by
the rubrics given below. Poster could be done digitally or traditionally. Use bond paper /Oslo paper.

Categor 20 15 10 5
y
Require The poster includes The required All but 1 required Several required
d all required elements are element are elements missing
element elements as well as included in the included on the
s additional poster poster
information
Labels All items of Almost all item of Many items of Labels are too small
importance on the importance on the importance on the to view or no
poster are clearly poster are clearly poster are clearly important items
labeled with labels labeled with labels labeled with labels were labeled
that can be read that can be read that can be read
from at least 3 feet from at least 3 feet from at least 3 feet
away away away
Graphic All graphics are All graphics are All graphics are Graphics do relate
- related to the topic related to the topic related to the topic. to the topic or
Relevan and make it easier to and most make it One or two several borrowed
ce understand. All easier to borrowed graphics graphics do have a
borrowed graphics understand. Some source citation
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 have a source borrowed graphics have a source
citation have a source citation
citation
Attractiv The poster is The poster is The poster is
The poster is
e exceptionally attractive in terms of acceptably distractingly messy
attractive in terms of design, layout and attractive though it
or very poorly
design, layout and neatness. may be a bit messy.designed. It is not
neatness attractive.
Gramm There a no There are 1 – 2 There are 3-4 There are more than
ar grammatical/mecha grammatical/mecha grammatical/mecha 4
nical mistakes on nical mistakes on nical mistakes on grammatical/mecha
the poster the poster the poster nical mistakes on
the poster

Lesson Solving and Making a Stand on

8 Climate Change

Most Essential Learning Competency

● Discuss personal contributions that can actually solve the problem of climate change.
● Make a stand on how the consequences of one’s action affect the lives of others and the
environment.

What is it?

Mitigation and Adaptation Approaches

Climate change is a complicated environmental problem and so it requires a multidimensional

technique to deal with it. Solving the problem requires scientific, economic, social, political, moral, and
ethical perspectives. Its scopes and nature influence not only one country, but the whole world. All of
humanity needs to be on board if we are decided to limit the extreme and catastrophic consequences
of global warming and climate change. Response to climate change requires a two-pronged
technique.

Mitigation Approach

It refers to the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases and the stabilization of the levels of heat-
trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Mitigating climate change means decreasing the
effects of climate change. To do this, it is important to lessen the flow of warmness-trapping
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. It can be carried out with the aid of using both lessening the
sources of the greenhouse gases with the aid of decreasing fossil fuels burning for energy, warmness
or shipping production, or with the aid of using enhancing the sinks that acquire and store greenhouse
gases like oceans, forests, and soil.

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To mitigate climate change, the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2014)
calls for:

1. The prevention of hazardous human intervention with the climate system.

2. The stabilization of greenhouse gas levels is based on a time frame that would allow ecosystems to
adapt to climate change.

The stabilization of the surroundings will ultimately result in insufficient food supply and sustainable
economic development.

Adaptation Approach

It refers to the ability of human beings to evolve to the consequences of climate change that we are
now experiencing. Adapting to climate change is inevitable. We ought to modify the real and projected
consequences of climate change. The adaption technique to climate change targets to lessen people’s
vulnerability to the terrible and extreme consequences of climate change. It calls for using the positive
effects and advantages of climate change to our advantage. This concept is primarily based totally on
the notion that all through history, humanity has been capable to adjust and cope with the changes in
the surroundings.

In the 2014 United Nations Report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability, world
governments in different bureaucratic ranges are imposing regulations to evolve the climate change
problems. Climate change is presently covered in different improvement plans.

Government regulations deal with the subsequent problems associated with climate change:

1. How should governments cope with the increasing threats of extreme disasters and their associated
risks?
2. How should institutions protect coastlines?
3. How should they deal with sea-level encroachment?
4. How can land and forests be managed appropriately?
5. How should the government address the reduction of water availability and supply?
6. How should agencies develop resilient crop varieties?
7. How should the government protect energy and public infrastructure?

What can we do to help address climate change?

We can all assist limit climate change. As a student, you could additionally assist in decreasing the
reasons and mitigate the consequences of climate change. Here are a few easy methods that you
could do at home, in the office, and even on the road to assist in this selfless task to save the
environment.

At Home

Here are a few steps that you could do to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions:
1. Change light bulbs. Replace the most often used light bulbs in your homes with certified
merchandise that can assist the surroundings. Choose light bulbs that generate less warmness and
use less energy than trendy lighting.
2. Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Practice reducing, reusing, and recycling in your homes because
through this easy action you could assist conserve energy and decrease pollution and greenhouse
gas emission. Recycle papers, newspapers, beverage bottles and containers, and biodegradable
merchandise. Practice composting your food waster, vegetable, fruit peelings, and leftovers to lessen

28
the quantity of rubbish which might be sent to landfills. This can help lessen greenhouse gas
emissions.
3. Use water efficiently. Heating, pumping, and treating water use a lot of energy and due to these,
saving water intake can help lessen greenhouse gas emissions. Saving water is a very simple manner
to help the surroundings.
4. Practice composting. Practice simple composting by converting food and backyard waste into
herbal fertilizers to help lessen the quantity of rubbish despatched to landfills. This easy act can help
limit greenhouse gas emissions.

At the Office

Offices consume a large quantity of energy for cooling, lighting, and operating different devices. Here
are some steps that you could do to help protect the environment and help address climate change.
1. Manage your office equipment energy wisely. The total energy consumed by an unused digital
device is equal to the yearly output of approximately 12 power plants. Learn to save energy in your
workplace by turning off pc video display units and different workplace devices while no longer in use.
Always unplug laptop power cords while they are no longer used and always flip off devices and lights
at the end of the day. By doing these easy acts, you could help save energy and lessen greenhouse
gas emissions at work.
2. Learn to commute. Using public transportation, carpooling, or cycling while going to work or school
can save energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. If you are using a vehicle, find the fuel
efficiency of your vehicle.
3. Reduce, reuse, and recycle. Reducing, reusing, and recycling at the workplace can help save
energy and decrease pollutants and greenhouse gas emissions. Reducing, reusing, and recycling at
the office can be done in different ways. Recycle papers and use them as scratch papers. Instead of
throwing used computers or devices, donate those used devices to public schools and agencies that
needed this equipment.

On the Road

When you operate automobiles, those automobiles release greenhouse gases into the environment
and make contributions to climate change. Below are easy methods on a way to reduce greenhouse
gas emissions:
1. Buy a fuel-efficient and low-greenhouse gas automobile. If you are making plans to buy a brand
new vehicle, better choose the cleanest maximum gasoline-green automobile which can fulfill your
needs. Find fuel-efficient automobiles.
2. Drive smart. Here are a few pointers to enhance your vehicle’s fuel economy and thereby help
lessen greenhouse gas emissions:(a). Go easy at the brakes and gas pedal. (b). Avoid difficult
accelerations. (c). Lessen your time idling. It should be no more than 30 seconds. (d). Remove
unnecessary objects in your trunk to lessen weight.
3. Ensure right vehicle maintenance. Remember to always have regular automobile tune-ups and
comply with the vehicle’s maintenance schedule. Use the recommended grade of motor oil for your
vehicle. If your vehicle is well-maintained, you are confident that it is more fuel-efficient and more
reliable. It produces fewer greenhouse gas emissions.
4. Check tires regularly. Check your tire pressure regularly. Cars with under-inflated tires increase
tire wear and decrease the vehicle’s fuel economy. It can result in higher greenhouse gas and different
air pollutant emissions.
5. Use renewable fuels. Use renewable fuels and green fuels for your vehicle to help lessen
greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants.

Process Questions
4. Explain the distinction of mitigation and adaptation approaches to climate change.
29
 5. What must authorities prioritize to address the climate change problem?
6. As a student, how can you help address climate change? Provide three easy pointers on the
way to mitigate the effect of climate change.
Activity: Slogan Making

Instruction: Create a slogan on a long bond paper that tells a promise to be made to protect the lives
of others, and that of the environment.
Slogan Making Rubric

Criteria Poor 2 pts Fair 3 pts Good 4 pts Excellent 5 pts

Correct Many grammar Some grammar A few grammar No grammar

Grammar mistakes mistakes. mistakes mistakes.
Creativity No creation has Some creative ideas Shows many creative Very creative
been used. used. ideas poster
Neatness Very careless and Many untidy errors. Some untidy errors Very neat and tidy
untidy. poster
Well Organized Poster is poorly put Poster is put together Poster is organized Information is well
together and very okay but is difficult to well but still a little organized and
difficult to understand. difficult to easy to
understand. understand. understand
Use of resources Lack use of any Use of a few A good use of Excellent use of
available available resources. available resources. available
resources resources

PROCESS QUESTIONS:
1. Based on your slogan, how can you fulfill the promise you have made to protect the lives of
others, and that of the environment?
2. How can you convince the government to address the problem of the environment aside from
your crusade for it?
3. What do you think will be the response of the people to your call to make a stand on the
consequences of their actions?
References:
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr., Cecile C. Padrigon. Trends, Networks and Critical
Thinking in the 21st Century Culture. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.
https://tinyurl.com/y3yx5eoy
References:

Ariola, Mariano M. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century. Manila. Unlimited Books Library

Services and Publishing Inc.

Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr., Cecile C. Padrigon. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century
Culture. Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

References:

30
 Ariola, Mariano M. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century. Manila. Unlimited Books Library

Services and Publishing Inc.

Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr., Cecile C. Padrigon. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture.
Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc.

References
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr., Cecile C. Padrigon. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture.
Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc
https://tinyurl.com/y3wj4lp8

https://tinyurl.com/y4mhze9s

References
Dela Cruz, Arleigh Ross D., Napoleon M. Mabaquiao Jr., Cecile C. Padrigon. Trends, Networks and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century Culture.
Quezon City. Phoenix Publishing House Inc
https://tinyurl.com/y3wj4lp8

https://tinyurl.com/y4mhze9s

Reference:
https://tinyurl.com/y627jyhs
https://tinyurl.com/y2jytm43

https://tinyurl.com/yxa3rajb

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