Mathematics Activity

Sheet
Quarter 4 – Week 3 - 5
❖ Proves inequalities in a triangle.
❖ Proves properties of parallel lines cut by a
transversal.
❖ Determines the conditions under which lines
and segments are parallel or perpendicular.

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

 Quarter 4, Week 3,4,5

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET NO. 3 – 5

MATHEMATICS 8 ACTIVITY SHEET
Proves inequalities in a triangle.
Proves properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal.
Determines the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or perpendicular.

I. Learning Competency

➢ Proves inequalities in a triangle. (M8GE-IVc-1)

➢ Proves properties of parallel lines cut by a transversal. (M8GE-IVd-1)
➢ Determines the conditions under which lines and segments are parallel or
perpendicular. (M8GE-IVe-1)

II. Background Information for Learners

INTRODUCTION
This lesson will focus on proving inequalities in a triangle/s applying the postulates
and theorems that you have learned in previous lessons.

You have already learned in the previous lesson about the theorems on the
inequalities in a triangle. We have the Triangle Inequality Theorem 1 (Ss → Aa) which states
that “If one side of a triangle is longer than a second side, then the angle opposite the
first side is larger than the angle opposite the second side”. The Triangle Inequality
Theorem 2 (Aa → Ss) which states that “If one angle of a triangle is larger than a second
angle, then the side opposite the first angle is longer than the side opposite the second
angle”. The Triangle Inequality Theorem 3 (S1 + S2 > S3) which states that “The sum of the
lengths any two sides of a triangle is greater than the length of the third side”. The Exterior
Angle Inequality Theorem which states that “ The measure of the exterior angle is greater
than the measure of either remote interior angle” and the Hinge Theorem which states
that “ If two sides of one triangle are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the
included angle of the first triangle is greater than the included angle of the second, then
the third side of the first triangle is longer than the third side of the second” and we have
also the Converse of the Hinge Theorem.

TRIANGLE INEQUALITY THEOREMS H

PART 1 – Proving Inequalities in a Triangle/s:
Given: ̅̅̅̅
𝐻𝐸 = ̃ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑂𝑀 M
m∠𝐸𝐻𝑀 > m∠OMH
Prove: EM > OH E

Statements Reasons
̅̅̅̅̅ =
1. 𝐻𝐸 ̅̅̅̅̅
̃ 𝑂𝑀 1. Given
̅̅̅̅̅̅
2. 𝐻𝑀 = ̃ ̅̅̅̅̅
𝑀𝐻 2. Reflexive Property of Equality

3. 𝑚∠𝐸𝐻𝑀 > 𝑚∠𝑂𝑀𝐻 3.Given

4. EM > OH 4. Hinge Theorem

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 2

 It satisfy the conditions of the Hinge Theorem that “If two sides of one triangle
are congruent to two sides of another triangle, but the included angle of the first triangle
is greater than the included angle of the second, then the third side of the first triangle is
longer than the third side of the second.”
Note: To apply the Triangle Inequality Theorems in proving inequalities in triangle/s,
it must satisfy the conditions given in the theorems.

PART 2 – Proving Properties of Parallel Lines Cut by A Transversal

In this activity, you will focus on proving properties of parallel lines cut by a
transversal.
Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and they do not intersect. (𝑥 ∥ 𝑦)

A line that intersects two or more lines is called a transversal.

The transversal creates eight angles. These eight angles in parallel lines are specifically
paired as:
1) Corresponding angles 2.) Alternate interior angles
3.) Alternate exterior angles 4.) Supplementary angles
Supplementary angles are pairs angles such that the sum of their angles is equal to 180°.
Every one of these has a theorem that can be used to prove the two lines are parallel.

Theorems on Proving Lines Parallel:

Corresponding Angles Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent.
Illustrative Examples:
Given: a ∥ b and t is a transversal.
a.) If a ∥ b and both are cut by t, then ∠1 ≅ ∠5,
∠3 ≅ ∠7, ∠2 ≅ ∠6, and ∠4 ≅ ∠8.
b.) If m∠1=50°, what is the m∠5?
Since ∠1 and ∠5 are corresponding angles, the two angles are congruent.
So, m∠5=50°.
Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are
congruent.
Refer to fig.1:
If a ∥ b and both are cut by t, then ∠3 ≅ ∠6 and ∠4 ≅ ∠5.
If m∠3=105° then m∠6=105° since the two angles are congruent.

Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem

If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate exterior angles are
congruent.
Refer to fig.1:
If a ∥ b and both are cut by t, then ∠1 ≅ ∠8 and ∠2 ≅ ∠7.
If m∠1=95°, then m∠8 =95° since the two angles are congruent.
Same Side Interior Angles Theorem
If two parallel lines cut by a transversal, then the same side interior angles are
supplementary.
GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 3
Refer to fig.1:
If a ∥ b and both are cut by t, then m∠3+m∠5=180° and m∠4+m∠6=180°.
If m∠6 =65°, what is the m∠4? Since the two angles are supplementary, then:
𝑚∠4 + 𝑚∠6 = 180°
𝑚∠4 + 65° = 180°
𝑚∠4 = 180° − 65°
𝑚∠4 = 115°
Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem
If two parallel lines cut by a transversal, then the same side interior angles are
supplementary.
Refer to fig.1:
If a ∥ b and both are cut by t, then 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠7 = 180° and 𝑚∠2 + 𝑚∠8 = 180°.
If 𝑚∠1 = 72°, what is the 𝑚∠7? Since the two angles are supplementary, then:
𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠7 = 180°
72° + 𝑚∠7 = 180°
𝑚∠7 = 180° − 72°
𝑚∠7 = 108°
Converse of Corresponding Angles Theorem
If a transversal cuts two lines and their corresponding angles are congruent, then the two
lines are parallel.
Converse of Same Side Interior Angles Theorem
If a transversal cuts two lines and their same side interior angles are supplementary, then
the two lines are parallel.
Transitive Property of Congruence
Two objects that are congruent to a third object are also congruent to each other.
If ∠1 ≅ ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠3 ≅ ∠2, then ∠1 ≅ ∠3.
Vertical Angles Theorem
Angles that are opposite each other and formed by two intersecting - straight lines are
congruent.
Refer to the figure at the right.
Pairs of vertical angles
∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠3
∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠4
Illustrative Example:
Find the value of the unknown variable “x” that makes line g and h parallel. State the theorem that
justifies answer.
1. Since the angle measuring
“4x” and “800” are alternate 4𝑥 = 80 Divide both sides by 4
exterior angles, then the two
angles are congruent by 𝒙 = 𝟐𝟎
“Alternate Exterior Angles
Theorem”
2. Since the angle measuring
“2x” and “600” are Same Side 2𝑥 + 60 = 180 Add (-60) both sides
Exterior Angles, then the two 2𝑥 = 120 Divide by 2 both sides
angles are Supplementary by
𝒙 = 𝟔𝟎
“Same Side Exterior Angles
Theorem”

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 4

3. Since the angle measuring “x”
and “1060” are Same Side 𝑥 + 106 = 180 Add (-106) both sides
Interior Angles, then the two 𝒙 = 𝟕𝟒
angles are Supplementary by
“Same Side Interior Angles
Theorem”

PART 3 – Parallelism and Perpendicularity

Parallelism
1. Two lines are parallel if and only if they are coplanar and they do not intersect,
(𝒎ǁ𝒏)

2. A line that intersects two or more lines at different points is called a transversal.
a. The angles formed by the transversal with the two other lines are called:
• Exterior Angles (∠1, ∠2, ∠7 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8)
• Interior Angles (∠3, ∠4, ∠5 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6)
b. The pairs of angles formed by the transversal with the other two lines are called:
• Corresponding Angles (∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5, ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6, ∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠7, ∠4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8)
• Alternate-Interior Angles (∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠6, ∠4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5)
• Alternate-Exterior Angles (∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8, ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠7)
• Interior Angles on the same side of the transversal (∠3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠5, ∠4 and ∠6)
• Exterior Angles on the same side of the transversal (∠1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠7, ∠2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∠8)
Perpendicularity
Two intersecting lines that form right angles are said to be perpendicular. This is not limited to
lines only. Segments and rays can also be perpendicular. A perpendicular bisector of a segment is a line
or ray or another segment that is perpendicular to the segment and intersects the segment at its
midpoint. The distance between two parallel lines is the perpendicular distance between one of the lines
and any point on the other line forming a perpendicular line to both parallel lines.

The small rectangle/square in the corner indicates “right angle”. Whereas, ⊥ is a symbol use to
indicate perpendicularity of lines as in 𝑋𝑍 ⊥ 𝑃𝑌.
To prove that two lines are perpendicular, you must show that one of the following theorems is
true:

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 5

 1. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form four right angles.

2. If the angles in a linear pair are congruent, then the lines containing their sides are
perpendicular.

3. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides are perpendicular.

III. Practice!
Exercise 1
Fact or Bluff
Identify the following statements if correct or not. If the statement is correct write FACT and BLUFF
if otherwise.
1. ∠4 > ∠2 2. ∠1 > ∠4
3. ∠4 > ∠1 4. 𝑌𝑍 + 𝑋𝑍 < 𝑋𝑌
5. 𝑋𝑌 + 𝑋𝑍 > 𝑌𝑍
Exercise 2

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 6

Exercise 3
Directions: Given the following information, determine which lines are parallel. State the theorem that
justifies your answer.

1. ∠1 ≅ ∠5 6. ∠3 ≅ ∠13
2. ∠7 ≅ ∠9 7. ∠2 ≅ ∠10
3. 𝑚∠8 + 𝑚∠9 = 180° 8. ∠11 ≅ ∠15
4. ∠16 ≅ ∠14 9. 𝑚∠4 + 𝑚∠13 = 180°
5. 𝑚∠1 + 𝑚∠4 = 180° 10. ∠8 ≅ ∠6

Exercise 4
Directions: Find the value of the indicated angle that makes line g and h parallel. State the theorem that
justifies your answer.

1. 2.

Exercise 5

IV.
TRUE or FALSE. Write “A” if True and “B” if false about the following statements on
parallel/perpendicular lines.

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 7

 1. A line that intersects two or more lines is called a transversal.
2. Two line are parallel if and only if they do not intersect.
3. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the corresponding angles are congruent.
4. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same-side interior angles are congruent.
5. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate interior angles are congruent.
6. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the alternate exterior angles are congruent.
7. If two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then the same side exterior angles are congruent.
8. If a transversal cuts two lines and their corresponding angles are congruent, then the two lines are
parallel.
9. If two lines are perpendicular to each other, then they form three right angles.
10. If two angles are adjacent and complementary, the non-common sides are perpendicular.

ANSWER KEY:

1. D 2. B 3. A 4. E 5. C
Exercise 5
Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
2. x=90
Corresponding Angles Theorem
1. x=118
Exercise 4
10. Corresponding Angles Theorem
9. Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem
8. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
7. Corresponding Angles Theorem
6. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
5. Same Side Exterior Angles Theorem
4. Corresponding Angles Theorem
3. Same Side Interior Angles Theorem
2. Alternate Interior Angles Theorem
1. Alternate Exterior Angles Theorem
Exercise 3
7. Yes, DV.
6. No, they are intersecting lines.
5. Yes, RM and SN
4. RM and SN
3. None
𝑅𝑀 ⊥ 𝐷𝑉 ; 𝐴𝐵 ⊥ 𝑆𝑁
2. 𝑅𝑀 ∥ 𝑆𝑁 ; 𝐴𝐵 ∥ 𝐷𝑉
1. Point I
Exercise 2
5. FACT
4. BLUFF
3. FACT
2. BLUFF
1. FACT
Exercise 1

GOD BLESS AND KEEP SAFE!

GRADE 8 MATHEMATICS INSTRUCTIONAL PACKET QUARTER 4 WEEK 3-5 Page 8