Ingles 1-10

It +is + Name of object

Example:
It is a book. It is a pen. It is a pencil. It’s a chair.

DEMONSTRATIVES
They are used to refer to person(s), thing(s) or event(s) near / far to you, especially compare with another.

Near Not Near

Singular
This That
Near Not Near
Plural
These Those

Example:
Demonstrative Questions
Singular Plural
Person He, She They
Thing it They

The plural for he or she is: they, the plural for it is: they
Possessive Adjectives
Personal Possessive
I My
You (Plural) Your
He His
She Her
it Its
We Our
You Your
They (Singular) Their

Example:
This is my pen. That is our house My shirt is green Its bone is old
That’s your chair. Their car is slow Her dog is small His house is big
Singular
Near Not Near
What’s this? What’s That
Plural
Near Not Near
What are these? What are those

Example:
What’s this? This is a car.
What is it? That’s a pencil.
What’s that? It’s a number.
What are these? They are cars.
What are those? They are desks.

IMPERATIVE
Imperative sentences are used to give commands, make polite requests, and give directions. (The difference
between a command and a request lies in the speaker’s tone of voice and the use of please.)

Example: Positive form

More Examples:
Command Request Direction
Open the door! Open the door please. Insert ¢ 25.
The simple verb form is used in imperative sentences. The understood subject of the sentence is YOU.
(You) Close the window.
(You) Open the door, please.

Example: Negative form

DON’T + VERB +…
Don’t sit down, please.
Please don’t stand up.
Don’t walk on the grass, please.
Don’t be late!
PLURAL NOUNS

** End in vowel + Y, add only an -s

Example:
1 Day - 2 Days
1 Toy - 2 Toys
1 Key – 2 Keys
SUBJECT PRONOUNS

Information Question
What + are or is+ subject?
Example:
What are you? I’m a teacher.
What’s he? He’s a barber.
What’s she? She’s a doctor.
What are they? They’re mechanics.
What are we? You’re pilots.
INDEFINITE ARTICLES
An A
is used before a noun beginning with a vowel sound. is used before a noun beginning with a consonant
sound.
An apple A Dog
An egg A Table
An hour A university
An honest A car

DEFINITE ARTICLE
The:
✓ is used in front of a singular count noun:

the dog, the banana, the university, the egg

✓ is used in front of a plural count noun:

the dogs, the bananas, the universities, the eggs

✓ it is used when the speaker mentions a noun the second time.

YES / NO QUESTIONS
PRESENT BE

Be + Subject + ………?
Is he a student? Are they mechanics? Is it late?
Be Sub Be Sub Be Sub

Short Answers
Affirmative Negative Form
Prepositions:
More prepositions
adjective
Affirmative form
Subject + Be + adjective
He is happy. She’s sad. He’s young.
Affirmative form
Subject + Be + Not +adjective
He isn’t happy. She’s not sad. He isn’t sick.

Conjunctions
They connect ideas.

˃noun and noun ˃adjective + or + adjective

• connects two nouns: • connects two adjectives:
a cat + a mouse = NO COMMAS happy or sad
I see a cat and a mouse. Is Bill happy or sad?
• connects three or more nouns:
a cat, + a mouse, + a rat= USE COMMAS
I see a cat, a mouse, and a rat.
˃verb and verb ˃prep. phrase + or + prep. phrase
• connects two verbs: Is the book on the table or in the desk?
open + walk=NO COMMAS Is the map on the wall or in the book?
I open the door and walk into the room.
• connects three verbs:
open, + walk, + sit down= USE COMMAS
I open the door, walk into the room, and sit down.
˃sentence and sentence ˃noun + or + noun
I open the door, and she opens the window. Are they cooks or barbers?
She talks to him, and he listens to her. Are you a student or a teacher?

IMPERATIVE: LET'S
LET’S: it is used to make suggestions about activities for you and me.
Example:
It’s hot. Let’s go to the beach.
I’m tired. Let’s take a nap.
Let’s close the window.
Let’s listen to the radio.
POSSESSIVE NOUNS
An apostrophe (‘) and an –s are used with nouns to show possession.
Singular Possessive Nouns: Regular Plural Possessive Irregular Plural Possessive
noun +’ + s + Nouns: Nouns:
person(s)/object(s) noun-s +’ +person(s)/object(s) noun +’+s+person(s)/object(s)

the student the student’s name the students the students’ names the men the men’s names
my baby my baby’s bed my babies my babies’ beds the children the children’s beds
a man a man’s house the boys the boys’ questions the women the women’s
questions

Possessive with whose

Whose+ person(s)/object(s)+Be+....?
Whose sister is she?
Whose money is that?
Whose pens are they?
Whose radio is it?
SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
The simple present expresses daily habits or usual activities, general statements, events, or situations that
exist always, usually, or habitually in the present, past, or future.
Example:
I usually eat lunch at the cafeteria.
The earth revolves around the sun.
The sky is blue.
Ann takes a shower every day.
Affirmative Statements
Subject Verb Complement
I
You
eat
We
Breakfast at the snack bar.
They
launch at the work
He
She eats
It
More Examples:
We get up at 6:30. They buy pencils and pens.
He dances at the party She has a new car
Affirmative Statements
Subject Aux Verb Complement
I
You
Don’t eat
We
Breakfast at the snack bar.
They
launch at the work
He
She Doesn’t eat
It
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
The present progressive expresses an activity that is in progress (is occurring, is happening) right now. The
event is in progress at the time the speaker is saying the sentence. The event began in the past, is in progress
now, and will probably continue into the future.

Affirmative form

Subject +am, is, are+ verb-ing+……

I’m looking at my book.
My teacher is standing in the classroom.
She’s writing on the chalkboard.

We are repeating the words.

Asking for a general activity

What + are, is + subject + doing?

What are you doing? I’m eating.
What’s Mary doing? She’s dancing.
What’s Carlos doing? He’s studying.

Negative Form

Subject +am,is,are+ not+ verb-ing+……

I’m not looking at my book.
My teacher isn’t standing in the classroom.
She’s not writing on the chalkboard.
We aren’t repeating the words.

Question form

Am, is, are + subject + verb-ing+……?

Are you looking at my book?
Is my teacher standing in the classroom?
Is she writing on the chalkboard?
Are we are repeating the words?
Is Joe listening to the radio?
Short Answers

YES / NO QUESTIONS: Simple Present

Short Answers:
 Affirmative Negative

Examples:
Do you swim every Sunday?
Yes, I do
Does your mother buy food at the market?
Yes, she does.
Do you swim every Sunday?
No, I don’t.
Does he shave every day?
No, he doesn’t.
Question Words
More Example:

Where + Be + subject +...? HOW OFTEN + BE +SUBJECT+ VERB+...?

HOW OFTEN + AUX +SUBJECT+ VERB+...?

Where+ aux.+ subject+ verb+...?
How often is John late?
Where is the map?
How often are they here?
Where are de books
How often do you sleep late?
Where does Tom eat lunch?
How often does the bus come?
Where do they study?

How many + plural+ be +

What + Be+ subject?
prepositional phrase?
What + aux.+ subject +verb+...?
How many + plural+ aux.+
What do they drink for lunch?
subject +....?
What does Sarah read in class?
How many days are in a week?
When + aux.+ subject +verb+...? How many students are in the classroom?

When does Ted go to school? How many students does she see in the
classroom?
When do you study English?
When does Mary watch the news?
PAST TENSE OF VERB
TO BE

*Contract: We weren’t, it weren’t, etc.

Question Word + PAST BE

Who + was + ………?

Who was in the classroom?
Who was at the mess hall this morning?
Who was a student three years ago?

What + was + …?
What was in the box this morning?
What was on the chair?
What was on the computer last night?

Where +was/ were+ subject+…?

Where was her brother last year?
Where were your two friends yesterday?
Where was your class last week?

When + was/ were +subject +…?

When were you in Spain?
When was he late?
When was your son in this school?

DESCRIPTIVE ADJECTIVE + NOUN

Descriptive adjectives describe nouns. Adjectives change the meaning of nouns by giving more
information about them.
Descriptive adjectives can come immediately before the noun.
It’s hot coffee.
They’re small children.
It’s an old car.
Descriptive adjectives can also follow main verb be.
Roses are beautiful.
His shirt was white.
The coffee is hot.
want + infinitive

Afirmative Negative

Question Form