Answer on Question #74059 – Math – Differential Equations

Question

A tightly stretched string with fixed end points x=0 and x=1 is initially in a position given by
 x 
y  y 0 sin 3   it is released from rest from the initial position. Find the displacement
 l 
y ( x, t ).

Solution

2 y 2  y
2
The equation of the string is  c (1)
t 2 x 2

Let y = X(x)T(t)

X is a function of x and T is the function of t.

y ( XT ) 2 y
  XT '  XT ''
t t t 2

2 y
Similarly we calculate and we get
x 2

y ( XT ) 2 y
  X 'T  X ''T
x x x 2

Putting into equation (1), we get

XT ''  c 2 TX ''
1 T '' X ''
  K  ( p 2 ) ( say ) (2)
c2 T X

Using by separation of variable we solve these two cases separately

1 T '' X ''
  p 2 and   p2 (3)
c2 T X
T ''  c 2 p 2T and , X ''   p 2 X

D ;   pci and D   pi

T  C1cos cpt  C 2 sin cpt X  C 3 cos px  C 4 sin px

General solution of equation (3) and put into equation (1)

y ( x, t )  (C1cos cpt  C 2 sin cpt )(C3 cos px  C 4 sin px) (3*)

Given boundary conditions are
 y   x 
y (0, t )  0 , y (l , t )  0    0 , y ( x,0)  y 0 sin 3   ( 4)
 t  t  0  l 

Appling boundaries conditions in equation (3*)

y (0, t )  0  (C1cos cpt  C 2 sin cpt )(C3 )

So C3 =0

Equation (3*) will become y ( x, t )  (C1cos cpt  C 2 sin cpt )(C 4 sin px) (5)

Again y (l , t )  0 y ( x, t )  (C1cos cpt  C 2 sin cpt )(C 4 sin pl )

sin pl  0  sin p
 x 
We get p    n  I
 l 

nct nct nx

Hence from (5) y ( x, t )  (C1cos  C 2 sin )(C 4 sin )
l l l

 y  nc  nct nct nx 

   (C1 sin  C 2 cos )(C 4 sin )
 t  l  l l l 

At t=0

 y  nc  nx 
 0 C 2 C 4 sin ) hence c 2  0
 t  l  l 

Hence

 nct nx   nct nx 

y ( x, t )  (C1C 4 cos sin ), y ( x, t )  (bn cos sin ) here bn  C1C 2
 l l   l l 

Most general solution is

 nct nx 
y ( x, t )   bn cos sin ) (6)
 n 1 l l 

 x   nx 
y ( x,0)  y0 sin 3   =  bn sin
 l   n 1 l 

1 x 3.x  1.x 2.x 3x

y0   3 sin  sin  = b1 sin + b2 sin + b3 sin +………
4 l l  l l l

Comparing and we get

 3 y0  y0
b1  , b2  0, b3  , b4  0, b5  0.......
4 4

Finally equation (6) will be

3y ct nx y 0 3ct 3x 

y ( x, t )   0 cos sin  cos sin
 4 l l 4 l l 

which is the required displacement.

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