Name: …………………………………………...

… ( ) Class: _______ Date: _________

Respiration (Chapter 10)

1 The diagram below shows the respiratory system of man. Label all the parts.

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a Study the graphs above and calculate

(i) the rate of breathing (breaths per minute) before and during exercise.

(ii) the depth of breathing (litres) before and during exercise.

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b(i) Why does the body need such a large amount of oxygen during exercise?

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(ii) How does it supply such a large amount of oxygen?

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…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………[2]

c Normally, during vigorous exercise, the amount of oxygen supplied is not sufficient to
produce the amount of energy needed. How does the body cope?

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………………………….…………………………………………………………………………………[1]

d Why is there still an increase in the rate and depth of breathing even after exercise?

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…………………………………………………………….………………………………………………[3]

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3 A man at resting conditions did an experiment by breathing 3 samples of air: A, B and C.
His rate of breathing under these three conditions are shown by the graph below.

a What is the normal rate of breathing of this man? Explain your answer.

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………………..…………………………………………………………………………………………[3]

b Which sample of air can be taken as the control?

………………………..…………………………………………………………………………………[1]

c Which gas, oxygen or carbon dioxide, is important in affecting the rate of breathing?
Explain your answer by comparing curves A, B and C.

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……………………………………………………………………………………………………………[5]

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 Respiration Worksheet – Answer Scheme
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A Nasal cavity H Bronchus
B Epiglottis I Bronchiole
C Larynx (voice box) J Alveolus
D c- shaped ring of cartilage K Pleural Membrane
E (left) lung L Internal Intercostal Muscle
F Heart M External Intercostal Muscle
G Diaphragm N (cut end of) Rib

2(a)(i) Before exercise: Interpret graph  3 breaths in 10s.

In 1 minute or 60s (6 x 10s), (6 x 3 breaths) = 18 breaths per minute [1]

During exercise: Interpret graph  6 breaths in 10s.

In 1 minute or 60s (6 x 10s), 18 (6 x 6 breaths ) = 36 breaths per minute [1]

(ii) Before exercise: Interpret graph  Note lowest and highest volume for each breath
Max value is is 2.5L and Min value is 2.0L
Depth of breathing is 2.5 – 2.0 = 0.5 L or litres [1]

During exercise: Interpret graph  Note lowest and highest volume for each breath
Max value is 3.0L and Min value is 1.0L
Depth of breathing is 3.0 – 1.0 = 2.0 L or litres [1]

(b)(i) - large amount of oxygen needed for increased respiration [1]

- increased respiration releases large amount of energy [1]
- large amount of energy needed for vigorous muscle contractions [1]
(ii) Increasing rate / frequency of breathing [1] and increase depth [1] of breathing

(c) Muscles go through anaerobic respiration to release some energy to supplement energy
released through aerobic respiration [1]

(d) - toxic lactic acid accumulated during anaerobic respiration [1]

- increased supply of oxygen is needed to break down lactic acid [1]
(on top of requirement of oxygen for normal aerobic respiration)
- to glucose / glycogen [1]
- detoxification of lactic acid and storage of glycogen occurs in liver [1] [max: 3]

3(a) Interpret graph 

- rate of breathing should remain constant under normal condition [1]
- sample of air in B has 21% O2 and 0.03% CO2 [1]
- 14 breaths per minute [1]
(b) Sample B which is composition of atmospheric air / normal breathing [1]
(c) - carbon dioxide [1]
- when comparing curves B and C, high concentration of oxygen in C [1] slows down
rate of breathing [1]
- when comparing curves A and B, increased rate of breathing [1] due to stimulus of high
carbon dioxide concentration in A [1]

No marks for writing three statements for the three curves as you cannot make
conclusion without comparison of set-ups.
Part (b) gave you the clue to figure out control set-up.
So, in this part (c), you should compare each curve to the control set-up.
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