Pharmacognosy Revision Cheatsheet

NAME SOURCE Family MORPHOLOG C.C. USES IMPORTA

Y NT
ISAPGHULA Dried Plantaginacea Brown, 10% Laxative, Pentosan
/ SPONGEL Seeds of e Mucilaginous, mucilage, dysentery, and
SEEDS Plantago Boat Shaped Epidermis In chronic Aldobionic
ovata , Testa Dirrohea, acid
ulcers, (CC)
piles, husk
as
Demulcnet
Fennel Dried Umbelliferae Green, Fixed oils, Spice, Fenchone
ripe fruit Aromatic, protien carminativ (ketone,
of Sweet, e, odour)
Forenciu cremocarpous stimulant, and
m Flavouring, anethol
Vulgare dental (odour
van wash, fixed and taste)
Vulgare oil as
substitude
of cola
butter
Coriander Fruit of Umbelliferae Yellow, Vit-A, VO, Spice, D- Linalool
Coriande Aromatic, Fatty Oil, Carminativ (Soap) &
r Spicy, Sub- Hydroxyc e, Acetate
sativum Spherical ormarins Stimulant, (VO)
flavouring Tannins
agent, and
coriander Proteins as
oil used to Fixed oils
relieve
gripping
effect.
Ginger, Dried Zingiberaceae Buff Coloured, VO, Carminativ Gingerone
Zingiber Rhizome Aromatic, Starch, e, (Pharmaco
of Pungent, fat, fibre, Stimulant, logical
Zingiber Sympoidial inorganic, Flavouring action,
officiate moisture, agent, pugency,
acrid & absorbent, flavour)
resinous gastrointes Gingerben
matter & tinal track, e, shogal,
Mucilage Mobility, Gingerole,
anti- a-
motion zingiberen
sickness,, e, B-
nausea biabolene,
remover. a-
farnesness
, Gernal
and citral
(odour)
Garlic, Ripe Liliaceae White, VO, Fatty Carminativ Allicin
allium bulb of Allacious, acid, e, (Tumor,
Allium Stimulant Mucilage, aphordasic, odour),
Sativum albumin expectoran Allin
t, (antibacte
Stimulant, rial,
in disease aminoacid
like TB, )
 wooping
cough etc,
Hypertensi
on, anti
bacterial
Cinnamon Bark of Lauraceae Brown, VO, Carminativ Cinnamani
shoot of Fragant, Aldehyde, e, c,
trees of aromatic, Eugenol, Astringent, cinnamic
Cinnamo sweet Terpen, flavouring acid,
num H.C., agent, Eugenol
zeylanciu Ketone, Stimulating
m Alcohol, agent,
tannin, Aromatic
Mucilage, and
Oxalate, antiseptic
Sugar spice
Clove, Dried Myratceae Red Brown, VO, Aromatic, Eugenol:
Caryophilli flower Aromatic, Tannins, Stimulant, Anesthetic
um buds of Pungent & resins, favouring , antisepic
Syzgium aromatic,Hyp Chromon agent, property
aromatic enthium is e, dental
um Sub Cylindrical Sugenin, alalgestic,
Eugenol carminativ
e,
prostaglan
din
synthesis,
in
Cigarrette
Nutmeg, Ripe Myristicaceae Brown, VO, Aromatic, Mystrica,
Myristica seed of Aromatic, Lignin, Carminativ elemicine
Myrisica pungent, Starch, e, (VO),
Fragrans Bitter, Oval Gum, Flavouring Eugenol,
Colory Agent, In Safrol,
matter, nausea, Geranol
acid Vommiting
, narcotic
and
anesthtic
action,
causes
abortion.
Black Ripe fruit Piperaceae Brownish Alkaloids, Pungent, Piperine
Pepper of Piper Black, VO, Digestive and
nigrum Aromatic, Pungent Stimulant Piperidine
Pungent, Resin, & nervine (Alkaloids)
Globular Starch tonic, flow e-
of gastric phalladere
juice, in ne &
Cold, Chryophell
cough, ene
antidote, (Fragnanc
spice, e)
kechup
Ephedra/ Dried Ephadreaceae Grey, Slight Alkaloids, Decongest (Alkaloids)
Ma Huang parts of odour, bitter, Ephedrine ant, opens Ephedrine,
Ephedra cylindrical, , sinus, Psedoeph
gerardia have nodes, Psedoeph increases edrine,
na, internodes, edrine, sweating, Norpsedoe
Ephedra Scaly leaves Norpsedo dilates phedrine
 sincia, and terminal ephedrine bronchiole
equisetin buds. , Tannin, s, diuretic,
a, Saponin, CNS
nebrode Favone, stimulanta
nsis VO nt,
antiallergic,
antiplasmo
dic, in
cough,
vasoconstr
uctor
Rauwolfia/ Dried Apocynaceae Greenish Respirine Antihypert Reciamine
snake roots yellow, Group, ensive,
Root/ and odourless, Ajamalici drug, in
sarpgandha rhizomes bitter, sub- ne, neuropsyc
of cylindrical Serpentin hatric
Rauwolfi e Group disorders.
a
serpenti
na
GOKHRU Chhota Zygophyllacea Gray, steroidal diuretic, Steroidal
Puncture Gokhru e Odourless, saponins, anti- saponins,
vine, seeds Bitter terrestros inflammato terrestrosi
Caltrops of in A, B, C, ry, n A, B, C, D
fruit. Tribulus D and E, antiarthriti and E,
terrestris degalacto c, tonic, degalactot
tigonin, F- aphrodisiac igonin, F-
gitonin, properties, gitonin,
desglucol immune desglucola
anatigoni system, in natigonin
n and painful and
gitonin. micturition gitonin,
Diosgenin , calculus Alkaloids
,Chloroge affections, (Harman
nin, impotency, and
Hecogeni and Harmine)
n, spermetorr Flavonoid
Ruscogeni hoea,
n, preparatio
Neotigoge n
nin, Dashmoola
Tribulosid ristha
e &
chyavanpra
sh.
Bada Pedaliaceae Sharp, conical Alkaloids, Diuretic, in Alkaloids
Gokhru horizontal aromatic dysuria &
seeds of spines from oil, resins, gonorrhoe
Pedaliu the angles, glycosides a
m murex Fruits conical ,
with four carbohydr
spines ates,
saponins,
and
triterpeno
ids.
PUNARNAV herb of Nyctaginaceae Flowers: Pink Alkaloids, (Alkaloid)a Alkaloids
A, Red- the Colour ursolic nti- (punernavi
Hogweed Boerhavi Leaves: Green acid fibrinolytic ne and
a diffusa in upper agent,
 surface and diuretic punarnavo
white in lower and side,)
surface expectoran
Odour: t, jaundice,
Odourless spleen,
Taste: Bitter abdominal
pain
Cinchona bark of Rubiaceae Yellow, Quniloine antimalaria Alkaloids
Peruvian the stem Distinctive, type of l drug, (Quinine
bark or of the itter alkaloids analgesic, (levorotat
root of: antipyretic, ory),
Cinchona bitter Quinidine
calisaya, stomachic (dextrorot
Cinchona and tonic, atory),
ledgeria anti- Cinchonin
na, arrhythmic, e,
Cinchona rheumatis Cinchonidi
officinali m and ne.)
s, neuralgia.
Cinchona
succirubr
a
CASSIA stem Lauraceae Brown, Volatile carminativ Volatile
BARK bark Characteristic oil e, mildly oil:
Chinese of sweet Coumarin astringent, Cinnamic
cinnamon, Cinnamo Aromatic, , stomachic, aldehyde,
Cassia mum Single quills Tannic haemorrha Cinnamyl
Cinnamon cassia acid, ge, acetate,
Starch. menorrhag cinnamic
ia, acid,
diarrhoea, caryophyll
nausea, ene.
and
vomiting,
germicide,
local
stimulant