Name: Tomas, Clyde Yvonne P.

Course: BEED1B
Subject Readings in Philippine History Date:
UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

INTRODUCTION TO HISTORY: DEFINITION, ISSUES, SOURCES, AND

METHODOLOGY

A.Journal Critiquing
HOAX CODE OF KALANTIAW
The code is supposed to be a legal code in the epic history and was believe that was written
by Datu Kalantiaw in 1433. The code was studied and found out that it was written by Jose E Marco
in 1913 and it was part of his historical fiction entitled, “The Ancient Legends of the Islands of
Negros”. As it was furthered reviewed it was described as “disputed hoax”.
Code of Kalantiaw is a set of rules with 18 articles precisely contains death as punishment in
every wrong/ bad doings. Particularly it was the same with the UDHR in some parts the difference is
that there are superiors that was really need to be treated highly. The code was written in a
holistically quotation way, or I called it a code of humour.
Furthermore, the authenticity of the code was debunk by Scott later removed the code from
future Literature. Lack of authenticity, the code was declared as fraudulent work of Jose Marco and
was not accepted as part of the history.
Generally, the Code of Kalantiaw is not part of the History but a fictional book of Jose E.
Marco. Therefore, Code of Kalantiaw is revoke. Hence, the book was in a museum as part of the
antics.
1. The Code of Rajah Kalantiaw was a fictious legal code in the epic history Maragtas, allegedly
created in 1433 by Datu Kalantiaw, a chief on the Philippine island of Negros. It tells that every
people in the tribe should obey the ordinance constructed by their chief in tribe and indicated that for
every actions there is a will of responsibility along with it. Many scholars now feel that the code as a
fraud and that it was actually produced in 1913 by Jose E.
2. The evidence was shown by the documents written in the book of “Historia Prehispana de
Filipinas” by Jose Marco. That was supported by such enough evidence by international
collaborations to find the exact meaning of the true code from the hoax written by Pedro Montecarlo
which he never written the chief named Kalantiaw and the statement that was purely mistaken ethnic
pride that was enough that Montecarlo was a dishonest writer during his days.
3. The possible historical source:
 A pre-colonial Visayan document, written in 1489, contained the Spanish words Viernes
(Friday) and Régulo (petty king)” and it mentioned King Charles V who was not born until
1500. It is highly unlikely that anyone in the Philippines had met a Spaniard by that time,
much less learned his language.
 The oldest document that Marco allegedly discovered was supposedly written in the year
1137, yet it mentioned that Kalantiaw had built a fort on Negros in 1433!
  The calendars also featured pre-colonial baybayin writing, which, like all of Marco’s
discoveries, was obviously written by someone who spoke Spanish and did not understand
the baybay inscript because the words followed Spanish spelling rules.
4. My stand is to refute the statement because the Filipinos during that days was known for their
ethnic pride and they have high standard of living with responsibilities. And to be exact Montecarlo
had written misleading information about the truth of the Code of Kalantiaw.
C. Reflective Writing
 It’s important to understand the purpose of the subjects we study, in both broad and personal terms,
especially with something as heavy as history. In general and personally speaking, it is important to
understand the purpose of the subjects we study, particularly with something as heavy as history. We
can also track fault information and people's past characteristics. In addition, history is important for
us to be able to think about and be our lesson from the past event. The importance of historiography
in studying history is characterized by sharing written documents. By the use of history, it also
describes the value of history, which can foster personal identity and help people discover their
hometown or place.
Overall, history paints information that is important to remind us of the past of our own country or
origin. It collects information that can provide insights into our origins as well as our less applicable
or memorable cultures and features. History informs people and keeps them as lessons from the past.
ASSIGNMENT
1519: Departure from Seville
September 20: Departure from Sanlúcar de Barrameda.
September 26 - October 3: Stopping in the Canary Islands to take in provisions.[3]
November 29: Fleet reaches the vicinity of Cape St. Augustine.[4]
December 13: Entering the bay of Rio de Janeiro.
December 27: Departure from Rio de Janeiro.[5]
1520
January 10: Cape Santa María. Severe storm then forces Magellan to reverse course and head north,
toward Paranaguá Bay.[6]
January 12: Rio de la Plata
February 3: the fleet resumes its southward course but San Antonio found to be leaking badly. Halted
for repairs.[6]
February 5: Cape Corrientes
February 24: San Matías Gulf
February 27: Entering Bahia de los Patos.
March 31: Beginning of the overwintering stay at Puerto San Julián.
April 1 and 2: Mutiny on Victoria, Concepcion and San Antonio; death of Louis de Mendoza. Later
execution of de Quesada, marooning of de Cartagena. Alvaro de Mesquita becomes captain of San
Antonio, Duarte Barbosa of Victoria.
End of April: Santiago is sent on a mission to find the passage. The ship is caught in a storm and
wrecked. Survivors return to Puerto San Julián. Serrano (João Serrão) becomes captain of
the Concepcion.[7]
July: Encounters with the “Patagonian giants” (likely the Tehuelche people).
August 23 or 24: Fleet departs Puerto San Julián for Río Santa Cruz.[8][9]
October 18: Fleet leaves Santa Cruz.[10]
October 21: Arriving at the Cape of the Eleven Thousand Virgins, entry to what would be known
as Strait of Magellan.
End of October: San Antonio, charged to explore Magdalen Sound, fails to return to the fleet, instead
sails back to Spain under Estêvão Gomes who imprisoned captain de Mesquita. The ship arrives in
Spain on May 21, 1521.
November 28: The fleet leaves the strait and enters the Pacific Ocean.[11]
When out in the Pacific some of the crew get scurvy.
1521
January 24/25-28: Landfall on an uninhabited island, which Magellan names St Paul's
(probably Puka-Puka). They stay for a few days before continuing on.[12][13]
March 6: Arrival at Guam and encounters with the Chamorro people.
March 16: Sighting of Zamal (Samar), one of the Philippine Islands. They landed on the uninhabited
island of Humunu (Homonhon) where they encountered fishermen from the nearby island of Zuluan
(Suluan). They traded supplies with the locals and learned the local culture and the names of nearby
islands while their sick crew members recuperated.
March 28: They anchored off the island of Mazaua (Limasawa) where they met two rulers on a
hunting expedition on the island, Rajah Kulambo and Rajah Siawi, of the Rajahnate of Butuan and
Calagan (Surigao), respectively. Magellan and his crew spent a few days as the guests of the rulers.
March 31: First Mass in the Philippines held in Limasawa.
April 3: The fleet sets off for Cebu, guided by the balangay warships of Rajah Kulambo.
April 7: Arrival at Zubu (Rajahnate of Cebu). Magellan starts converting natives to Christianity,
including Rajah Humabon, the ruler of Cebu.
April 27: Death of Magellan in the Battle of Mactan. Serrano and Barbosa are voted co-commanders.
May 1: At a local banquet Barbosa and 27 sailors (including Afonso de Góis, the new captain
of Victoria after the election of Barbosa and Serrano) are murdered and Serrano captured, later
killed. The three remaining ships escape to the island of Bohol.
May 2: There are not enough men to handle three ships, thus the worm-infested Concepcion is
burned down. Two ships remain: Victoria and Trinidad. Gonzalo Gomez de Espinosa becomes
captain of Victoria. Joao Lopez Carvalho is made as the Captain General. The ships sail
to Mindanao, Mapun, Palawan, and Brunei.
September 21: Carvalho is replaced by Espinosa as Captain-General. Juan Sebastian Elcano becomes
captain of Victoria.
November 8: Arriving at Tidore in the Moluccas.
December 21: Victoria under the command of Elcano leaves the Moluccas to return home, sailing
west towards the Cape of Good Hope. Trinidad remains at Tidore for repairs.
1522[edit]
January 25: Victoria reaches Timor and starts to cross the Indian Ocean.
April 6: Trinidad under the command of Espinosa leaves the Moluccas heading home sailing east.
After five weeks, Espinosa decides to return to the Moluccas where he and his ship are captured by a
Portuguese fleet under Antonio de Brito. However, the ship was wrecked during a storm.
May 22: Victoria passes the Cape of Good Hope and enters the Atlantic Ocean.
July 9: Victoria reaches Santiago, Cape Verde.
September 6: Victoria returns to Sanlúcar de Barrameda under the command of Elcano, two weeks
shy of three years after setting sail.
September 8: Victoria arrives at Seville, technically completing the circumnavigation.
Name: Tomas, Clyde Yvonne P. Course: BEED1B
Subject Readings in Philippine History Date:
UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

CONTENT AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS O SELECTED PRIMARY SOURCS IN

PHILIPPINE HISTORY

A.PROJECT-CRITICAL ESSAY
POEM “ ANG PAG-IBIG SA TINUBUANG LUPA” BY ANDRES BONIFACIO

In March 1896, the first issue of Kalayaan, the newspaper of the Katipunan, was published. Among
the contents was the poem “Pag-Ibig sa Tinubuang Lupa,” an exhortation to the Filipino people to
join the crusade for Philippine independence.

As noted by historian Jim Richardson, it was published under the initials “A. I. B.” which was
generally understood to stand for “Agapito Bagumbayan,” which was the pseudonym placed beneath
another contribution to the paper – “Ang dapat mabatid ng mga tagalog” – and that both pieces were
written by Bonifacio.

There is no improvement and no independence if nobody can act. Andres Bonifacio therefore opened
his eyes to the Philippines as part of his cruise against the Spaniards, despite his lack of education.
The poem opened the eyes of all Filipinos, who cannot fight against their belongings.

THE DECLARATION OF MARTIAL LAW IN 1972 BY FERDINAND MARCOS

The Night of the Declaration. On the night of September 23, 1972, Ferdinand Marcos spoke to the
nation by television and by radio to make it known that he had declared Martial Law in the
Philippines. Proclamation no. 1081 eloquently described a state of lawlessness that had gripped the
country and place the Filipino people in peril.
Marcos who stayed in office for more than 20 years -- from 1965 to February 1986, explained that
martial law was intended to suppress civil strife and the threat of communist takeover following the
series of bombings in Manila. Other analyses suggest that it was in fact the declaration of Martial
Law in 1972 which caused membership in these radicalized groups to swell. Reports on the increased
following of the radical movement emphasize the role of idealistic youth, fed up with the abuses
committed during the regime.
In addition, Marcos promised to use the special powers given him in Martial Law to implement
reforms leading to prosperity and peace in the Philippines. Those who did not oppose his view would
live to see it succeed, while those who went to offend his rule would suffer as would any rebel.
B. CARTOON ANALYSIS
A. After crossing the crown, it was as if a president gave the powerful people the chance that they
really needed. Turning to the question of the Philippines or the Western Philippine Sea, here two
certain persons were put to blame by the name of the President who sold the west Philippine Sea to
China. Simply put, don't give the crown if you know it's not yours from the beginning.
B. The thief, we have a different story and everything has a reason. The thief is being chased by the
owner of something he stole and someone is stopping him. We also need to consider and understand
if someone has done to you.
Corruption, everyone has the right to live in everything fairly. The confidence you give sometimes
depends on what you can afford.
C. The colour and the majority of those on a national highway are the most accident-prone. But many
of us do illegal things for me, but people always use backup to get away from trouble and to blame
others.
D. Theatre, the theatre is not for everyone because it is for someone who is rich or who can afford to
buy ticket for the show and it is very unfortunate to those who cannot afford to buy tickets because
they can’t attend or see the show.
E. Corruption, everyone has the right to live in everything fairly. The confidence you give sometimes
depends on what you can afford.
D. ASSIGNMENT
THE LAGUNA COPPERPLATE INSCRIPTION
The artefact was believed to be a place-name inscribed in copper, according to archaeologists. A
labourer found it in 1989 at Wawa, Lumban, and Laguna. Antoon Postma, an anthropologist,
translated it for the Philippine National Museum.
In April-June 1992, Postman published a report on the artefacts at Ateneo de Manila. The
copperplate, he said, was a symbol of political, economic, and cultural ties between states and
countries. Inscription in Sanskrit and Baybayin.
This is due to the fact that the colonialism of South East Asia has a strong influence on the
Philippines. 20 by 30 centimetres is the size of the inscribed text. En outré, the translation provides
important clues about the political and topographical background.
To understand Philippine History, the inscription is an important indicator of pre-Hispanic literacy
and culture, and a national treasure.
Name: Tomas, Clyde Yvonne P. Course: BEED1B
Subject Readings in Philippine History Date:
UNIT TITLE/CHAPTER TITLE

PHILIPPINE HISTORY SPACES FOR CONFLICT AND CONTROVERSIES

A. PROJECT- CRITICAL ESSAY

General Miguel Malvar: The last Filipino holdout. Last September 27 was the 142nd birthday of
Miguel Carpio Malvar, the last Filipino general to surrender to the Americans during the revolution.
Malvar was born in 1865 in Santo Tomas, Batangas to Maximo Malvar and Tiburcia Carpio. He
came from a well-to-do family.
During the course of the Filipino-American conflict, the Filipino forces were badly beaten, but
Malvar ably defended his regional position and remained almost impenetrable to the Americans’
attack. When General Mariano Trias was forced to surrender, Malvar assumed complete command
of Southern Luzon. Even when General Emilio Aguinaldo was captured in 1901, General Malvar
still kept on fighting, giving all possible resistance to the Americans. On July 13th, he was declared
Supreme Leader of the Revolution.
General Malvar bravely defended his position for several months, preventing the assault of the
Americans. Disease, hunger and death didn’t faze him. He kept on fighting, imparting patriotism and
fortitude to his soldiers. But when finally, his family was reduced to sickness and suffering and when
provisions were exhausted, he surrendered to the American commander and asked for an end to the
conflict. Malvar then settled peacefully in Manila where he remained a private citizen for many
years. On October 13, 1911, General Miguel C. Malvar, the last Filipino holdout, died of liver
ailment.
General Miguel Malvar’s fortitude, steely determination and conviction should serve as an
inspiration to our fellow Filipinos, especially to those in government service, to fight for what is right
so that justice and democracy will prevail in our country.
ASSIGNMENT
EVOLUTION ON THE PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION
Philippine Year Author/s Form of 2 Special
Constitution Published/Enacted Government Features
1935 Constitution May 14, 1935 Constitutional Republic and Creates a
Commission of Democratic national
1986 government
consisting of a
legislative, an
executive, and
a judicial
branch.
1937 January 17, 1973 Eamon de Republic Divides power
CONSTITUTION Vera between the
federal
government
and the states.
 1987 February 2, 1987 Constitutional Democratic Protects
CONSTITUTION Commission of various
1986 individual
liberties of
American
citizens.

A. HISTORICAL REPORTING-MINDANAO AS ONE NATION (video)

A. Reflection Paper
In what ways is the past relevant to the present? Think about your past. You have a history that spans
from that time to the present, and that is important. Learning, making mistakes, and growing are all
part of the process. Your own personal history is important to know, as is your family history.
Pourquoi est-il important de se pencher sur l'histoire d'un pays ou d'une population? Ignoring the past
seems like a no-brainer.
I adhere to the old saying that "he who refuses to learn from the past is doomed to repeat it."
Recognizing mistakes--or, for that matter, learning from positive examples of historical
significance--should be an important factor in decision-making for future generations. Events of the
past, instead of being something to disregard, should be studied and considered carefully;
future events can be altered and disastrous repeats avoided by the knowledge gained of prior events.
(George Santayana)
Think about your past. You have a history that spans from that time to the present, and that is
important. Learning, making mistakes, and growing are all part of the process. Your own personal
history is important to know, as is your family history. Self-awareness is essential for understanding
who you are. You need to know where you fit in the story of your country or the global community.
I'm a history buff. I love learning about how my country, city, or community came to be as they are.
Where did your ancestors come from? I think it's most important that you're able to recognize (and
appreciate) the things that you've inherited from your ancestors. Your own country, ethnic heritage,
and ancestry aren't the only things you need to know about history. As a tool for understanding those
who are different from us, it's also a valuable one. Histories at the global, national, and regional
levels help us understand how other cultures affect us.
In addition, history is a fascinating subject in and of itself. When you study history, you can
experience everything you love about your favourite movies, TV shows, and fiction novels in real
life. Embark on a journey of discovery today and discover a whole new world that will change you
forever.