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Study and Observation of Flower Adaptations
Study and Observation of Flower Adaptations
Vaswani International School
Biology Practical ‐2021‐22
Std :XII Date : 2/09/2021
Spotting : Study and observation
Experiment :1
Aim:
To study the flowers adapted to pollination by wind,insect and birds
Theory:
The process of transfer of pollen from anther to the stigma of eitherthe same
flower or another flower of the same species is called pollination .Pollination is
carried out by various external agents .Biotic agents like insects,birds,bats
,mammals and abiotic agents like wind and water facilitate pollination by
transferring the pollen grains from the open anther to the respective stigma.
Materials required :
Fresh flowers of maize,Salvia and Bignonia,forceps,needle,watch
glass,microslides ,microscope
Procedure:
1. Place the flower on a watch glass and observe the parts of the flower .
2. Note down the adaptations of the flower .
Bignonia ‐Example of an ornithophilous flower (pollination by birds)
The flowers of bignonia shows the following adaptations for pollination by
birds.
Flower is brightly coloured and odourless.
Flowers produce abundant nectar .
Flower is characterised by large size ,tubular or funnel‐shaped
corollawhich facilitates the birds to suck nectar .
The pollengrains fall on the beak of the bird which is transferred to
another flower .
Salvia Flower : Entomophilous flower
Flower is pollinated by insects
Flower is large ,brightly coloured ,highly fragrant and produce nectar.
Pollen grains are dry and sticky .
The stigma is also sticky .
The flower has a landing platform for the insects.
Maize flowers
Anemophilous flower ‐pollinated by wind
The maize plant is monoecious and bears uisexual flowers
The male flowers are born in terminal inflorescence whereas female flowers
are born in axillary inflorescence.
Flowers are small ,colourless and odourless.
Stigmas and anthers are exerted ‐hang outside the perianth .
Stigma is long and feathery to rap the air‐borne pollen‐grains.
Pollen grains light ,non‐sticky and dry and produced in large numbers.