MAY, 2015

A TERM PAPER on IST 322, ADVANCE

SAFETY MANAGEMENT presented by
Group One
AROWOMUTIN O. RAPHAEL M13/ICE/HND/ENV/5455
KPOMA H. EJOMAFUVWE M13/ICE/HND/IST/5474
AGBIOKO B. UFUOMA M13/ICE/HND/ENV/5453
AIGBEDION I. EUNICE M13/ICE/HND/IST/5467
ORMERHO L. LAWRENCE M13/ICE/HND/ISET/5480
ODENIYI O. KAYODE M13/ICE/HND/ENV/5461
DICKSON Y. ELWICK M11/ICE/HND/ENV/4932
SHAIBU A. JAMES M13/ICE/HND/ENV/5466
AKAROGBE OKE M13/ICE/HND/IST/5468
ONOSE O. HOMELAND M13/ICE/HND/IST/5479
ANIYU A. OHAAFI M13/ICE/HND/IST/5476
USIFO A. CYNTHIA M13/ICE/HND/IST/5481

SUBMITTED TO

MR IKPESU J.
DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL
TECHNOLOGY,
PETROLEUM TRAINING INSTITUTE, EFFURUN
DELTA STATE.
 EXPLAIN EXPLICITLY THE SIGNIFICANCE OF APPRAISING
EMPLOYEE ATTITUDE TOWARDS SAFETY

Employee appraisal comes as a means to check if the standards that have been set are
being met. Also, to ensure that employee have the desired set of skills to carry out the
job functions. Safety is not exclusively the duty of some set of employee but the duty
of ALL employee both the ones that are regularly on site and those that comes
occasionally.
The significance of appraising employee attitude towards safety cannot be undermined
as this helps to know the level of preparedness towards accidents as well as the level of
the employee’s safety awareness. The appraisal helps in a way to answer certain
questions on safety attitudes of the employee. Below are some of the significance of
constant and regular appraisal of employee’s attitude towards safety
1. The appraisal enables us to know if the employee carries out his/her safety
responsibilities effectively. As explained earlier, safety is the duty of all and sundry,
the appraisal enables us to know if the employee in question has been able to carry out
the safety duties assigned to him/her dutifully or not. Here the degree of compliance is
assessed if there is full compliance, partial compliance or no compliance at all.
2. Does the employee actively pursue correction of any safety hazards and/or violations
that he/she is aware of, especially within their area of responsibility? This helps to
know if the employee is aware of any correction methods that should be carried out
when hazards or violations of safety procedure occur.
3. Does the safety record of the employee’s subordinates indicate that he or she has
given proper instruction, training and follow-up? This question bothers on the how
enlighten and how the employee is able to pass safety instructions to his/her team
members
4. Does the employee demonstrate knowledge of the safety responsibilities of the job?
This is to know the level of safety knowledge the employee on safety.
5. The appraisal also enables us to know the areas of strength and weakness of the
employee. This is usually elicits commendation or more trainings may be suggested
where possible.

Below is a copy of safety appraisal questions that can be asked by the supervisor.
Discuss the procedures for gathering and applying report for the following in
appraising employee’s attitude towards safety
(a) Safety personnel’s e.g. (Safety inspectors, workers safety committee e.t.c),
Foreman Canvass
(i) Sampling by personal contact
(ii) Suggestion system
(iii) Safety inventory or Questioners
Sampling by personal contact. One-on-one contact or interactions may be made by
the safety departments. The interaction may not necessarily be in a formal setting but
the respondents should be a true representative of a certain class. Sampling by personal
contact involves asking questions basically orally on safety issues as it concerns the
organization. Employees trust must first be won before they can really answer
information accurately knowing fully well that they will not be sanctioned in areas
where they err.
Suggestion system. Basically to gather information from the employees concerning
their attitudes towards safety, suggestion system can also be used. This may involve
the use of suggestion boxes strategically placed in certain areas within the
organization. Areas such as staff canteen, reception or even along the corridors are
where suggestion boxes can be placed. Employees should be encouraged to make
suggestions on safety and maybe other areas where the employee feels there is need for
improvement. Anonymous suggestions should also be encouraged as this might touch
on serious issues and more accurate. Anonymous suggestions also to helps protect the
identity of the employee in question. The suggestion box should be checked regularly
maybe the beginning of each work day or shift as the case maybe.
Safety Inventory or Questionnaires. These are usually in most cases printed
questions that bothers on safety attitudes of the employees in the organization. The
questionnaires are made available to the employees and the importance of answering
the questions truthfully and accurately is emphasized. Basically the safety
questionnaires is given to all the employee of the organization. Sufficient time lapse
but with a deadline is given to the employees to fill the questionnaires and submit back
to their supervisors. The questionnaires are gathered and compiled. The information
extracted from the questionnaire is then analyzed and conclusion are made inferences
are made concerning the attitude of the employee towards safety.
The information gathered from these sources are usually documented and achieved.
These reports are analyzed by the safety department and qualified safety auditors who
will review the information and make inferences based on the available data.
The result are applied by using grading system to score the response of each of the
respondents(employee) either using the numeric
 DISCUSS EXPLICITLY HOW TO USE SAFETY INVENTORY AS A TOOL IN
APPRASING EMPLOYEE ATITUDE TOWARDS SAFETY

Safety inventory or questionnaire are sets of questions that have been compiled by the
safety department and distributed to the employees in an organizations. These
questions usually cut across all safety areas in the organizations. The aim of the safety
inventory is to get firsthand information about the safety attitude of the employee in
question. These questions when collated can be a good source of information for the
organization regarding the attitudes of the employee towards safety.
In order to be able to use the safety inventory to measure the employees attitude
towards safety, its best to
1. Enlighten the employee well ahead of time of the need to fill and answer the
questionnaires as accurate as possible. The aim of the exercise may be defeated of the
questions are wrongly or inaccurately answered. The decisions on safety which will be
taken will be based on the answers given by the respondents, in this case the employee.
Inaccurately filled questionnaire will eventually lead to wrong decisions or conclusions
being arrived at.
2. Also, the safety inventory or questionnaire should be structured in such a way that
the questions are relevant to the employee safety attitude. This is done by asking
questions that prompt answers concerning the employee’s attitude on compliance to
safety regulations, expected behavior during incidents/accidents, behavior after
accidents and also on the level of awareness of the employee to safety procedures for
certain incidents on the job.
3. Ample time should be given to the employees to fill or answer the questionnaire.
The employees should not be rushed in returning the questionnaires though a specific
time/date limit should be set, this however should not be too short in order for the
employee to truthfully fill the questionnaires.
4. Based on the answers supplied by the employees in the safety questionnaires, which
are then analyzed and information extracted can then tell us about the employee’s
(i) Knowledge on the organizations safety policy
(ii) Knowledge of and compliance with Safe work procedure
(iii) Safety trainings where applicable
(iv) Accident and Incidents investigation analysis
(v) Knowledge of and compliance with In- house safety rules and regulations
(vi) Safety promotion attitude
(vii) Safety inspection attitude and compliance
(viii) Maintenance attitude
(ix) Hazard Analysis attitude
(x) Emergency preparedness
5. The outcome of the analysis of the questionnaires of individual employee should not
be made public. However, a statistical analysis of the entire exercise should be made
available. This will not only prompt the entire work force to have a sense of belonging
but also to be more proactive in areas where the analysis hasn’t been to favorable to the
organization.

EXPLAIN THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FOLLOWING TERMS IN

APPRASING EMPLOYEE’S ATTITUDE TOWARDS SAFETY.
(1) Injury frequency Rate
(2) Injury Severity Rate
INJURY FREQUENCY RATE
What does Injury Frequency Rate mean?
An injury frequency rate is the number of injuries per 1,000,000 employee-hours
worked.
Injury frequency rate can be calculated by the following formula:
Injury frequency rate = number of injuries in the period × 1,000,000 (hours) / number
of hours worked in the period.
It is an indicator of the state of health and safety at a workplace. It provides an idea
about the organization’s efforts to protect the workers from work related hazards.
Injury frequency rate data is used by various departments and organizations to estimate
the organizational performance on safety, and to formulate policies and programs for
injury preventions.

INJURY SEVERITY RATE

What does Injury Severity Rate mean?
Injury severity rate is the number of lost work days experienced per 100 workers. The
injury severity rate shows the extent of safety anomalies by revealing how critical the
injuries and illnesses are. The theory is that an employee who takes time to return to
work after injury had a more severe problem than one who can return immediately.
Injury severity rate data is used to estimate the organizational performance on safety.
Injury severity rate shows the safety performance and guides the requirement for
training and safety observations.
Injury severity rate can be calculated by the following formula:
Injury severity rate = (number of work days lost + light duty days lost) x 200,000 /
total hours worked.
An employee with a high value of injury severity rate will definitely be