Indoor: Oxygen

displacement,
leading to
asphyxiation
Safety Instrumented
Function: Emergency Indoor hydrogen Conditional modifier:
Indoor air ventilation
shut-down of detectors and alarm
MED Medium
hydrogen production concern
1 1
0.01 Current consequence
frequency: 1.221E-7
Target frequency: 1E
-6
Yes

B4

Outdoors: Oxygen
displacement,
leading to
asphyxiation
Similar barriers to Siting of storage
consequence 'Indoor: outdoors and at safe Conditional modifier:
Oxygen displacement, distance MIN Minor
leading to concern
asphyxiation' 0.01
Current consequence
0.01 frequency: 1.221E-9
Target frequency: 1E
-6
Yes
B3

Delayed ignition for

indoor systems
Similar barriers to Remove electrical Remove possible Emergency response
consequence 'Indoor: ignition sources: EX- ignition sources - and evacuation Conditional modifier:
Oxygen displacement, rated equipment and mechanical and procedures MAJ Major
leading to lightning protection thermal concern
asphyxiation' devices 1
1 Current consequence
0.01 0.01 frequency: 1.221E-9
Corrosion Target frequency: 1E
(Hydrogen -6
embrittlement)
Yes
Enabling factor: Pipe and vessel outer B5
casing
Effective Ini. freq.:
1E-4
0.01 Immediate /
Current top event
spontaneous
frequency: 1E-6
ignition
(deflagration) of…
Similar barriers to Emergency response
Formation of consequence 'Indoor: Flame detection and Conditional modifier:
and evacuation
flammable gas Oxygen displacement, warning
procedures MED Medium
mixture of hydrogen leading to concern
Leaking at joints and oxygen indoors asphyxiation' 1 1
Current consequence
and outdoors 0.01 frequency: 1.221E-7
Target frequency: 1E
Enabling factor: Design basis - in-line Target frequency: 1E
Design basis of joints -5
shut-off valves -6
Effective Ini. freq.: Current total top
1E-3 Yes
0.01 0.01 event frequency:
Current top event 1.221E-5 A4
frequency: 1E-7 No

Detonation resulting
in shock waves
Outdoor storage
Similar barriers to Design basis and Furthest safe distance
tank rupture due to
'Delayed ignition - Blast barrier walls house-keeping: during emergency Conditional modifier:
external impact
indoors' consequence Minimise congestion response MAJ Major
Siting of storage in enclosure
Enabling factor: Physical anti-collision concern
vessels - low traffic 0.0001 0.001 1
barrier Indoor or 1 Current consequence
Effective Ini. freq.: area
outdoor frequency: 1.221E-
1E-2
0.01 0.01 release of 12
Current top event hydrogen from
frequency: 1E-6 containment Target frequency: 1E
-6
Yes

B5
Storage tank
rupture due to heat
from external fire Indoor flame
Design basis - use of Pressure relief propagation leading
Enabling factor: thermal and fire-proof Pipe and vessel outer to secondary fire
devices and directed
insulation on casing
Effective Ini. freq.: venting Use of fire-resistant Emergency response
1E-2 hydrogen tanks Indoor fire Minimise congestion Conditional modifier:
materials on adjacent and evacuation
0.01 0.01 suppression system in enclosure
Current top event 0.01 equipment procedures MED Medium
frequency: 1E-8 concern
0.01 1 1 1
Current consequence
frequency: 1.221E-7
Target frequency: 1E
Gas separation -6
membrane failure Yes
within electrolyser
sub-system A4

Enabling factor: Design considerations

for electrolyser Routing of indoor
Effective Ini. freq.:
1E-5 hydrogen to
0.01 outdoors, leading to
Current top event an outdoor
frequency: 1E-7 secondary fire
Design basis - outlet Use of flame arrestors Emergency response
of indoor ventilation on exhaust piping (if and evacuation Conditional modifier:
system applicable) procedures
MIN Minor
0.01 0.01 1 concern
Current consequence
Maintenance
frequency: 1.221E-9
personnel mistake
Target frequency: 1E
Authorised and -6
Enabling factor: Design basis -
trained maintenance
maintenance mode Yes
Effective Ini. freq.: personnel
1E-3 B3
0.1 0.1
Current top event
frequency: 1E-5
Human exposure to
high flame
temperature /
thermal radiation
Similar barriers as:
Immediate / Design basis Flame barrier walls Conditional modifier:
spontaneous ignition MAJ Major
(deflagration) of concern
mixture 1 0.01
Current consequence
0.01 frequency: 1.221E-9
Target frequency: 1E
-6
Yes

B5

Pressure-peaking
phenomenon
leading to structural
Design basis - venting collapse of enclosu…
Design basis - to Design consideration Furthest safe distance
of indoor units to minimise mass-flow Conditional modifier:
- Strength of civil during emergency
decrease rate during structure response MAJ Major
overpressure unintended release concern
0.1 0.01 1
1 Current consequence
frequency: 1.221E-8
Target frequency: 1E
-6
Yes

B5

Ignition during
maintenance

Remove possible Remove possible Use of personal-

Portable hydrogen Conditional modifier:
mechanical ignition electrical ignition protective equipment
detector
sources sources (PPE) MED Medium
concern
1 1 0.1 1
Current consequence
frequency: 1.221E-6
Target frequency: 1E
-6
No
 concern
1 1 0.1 1
Current consequence
frequency: 1.221E-6
Target frequency: 1E
-6
No
B5