WEEK 5

“Infinitive, bare infinitive and gerund”

 Authorities
Dra. Margarita Teresa de Jesús García Gasca
Rectora
Dr. Javier Ávila Morales
Secretario Académico
M. en E.D. Jaime Nieves Medrano
Director de la Escuela de Bachilleres
M. en C. Rita Ochoa Cruz
Secretaria Académica de la EBA
M. en C. Lucero Canto Guerrero
Coordinadora del Plantel Sur
M. en H. Fátima Santamaría Hernández
Coordinadora del Plantel Norte
Dra. Cypatly Rojas Miranda
Coordinadora del Plantel San Juan del Río
Lic. María Patricia Pérez Velázquez
Coordinadora del Plantel Colón
Coordinador del Bachillerato Semiescolarizado
M. en D. Antonio Pérez Martínez
Coordinador del Plantel Pedro Escobedo
C.P. Gloria Inés Rendón García
Coordinadora del Plantel Pinal de Amoles
M. en A. Óscar Uriel Cárdenas Rosas
Coordinador del Plantel Bicentenario
M. en LIT. José Cupertino Ramírez Zúñiga
Coordinador del Plantel Amazcala
Ing. Juan Fernando Rocha Mier
Coordinador del Plantel Concá
M. en A. Hugo Enrique Suárez Camacho
Coordinador del Plantel Jalpan
M. en A. José Antonio Cárdenas Rosas
 Author

Ing. Daniela García Pedraza

Hi! We are working in the last week of the first partial, so
let´s start!!
 SESSION 1:
Verb + infinitive
It can be a little difficult to know when
to use gerunds and infinitives.

When one verb follows another, the

first verb determines the form of the
second. This can be a gerund
(verb+ing) or the infinitive (with or
without to (bare infinitive)).
 Verb + infinitive

Use the infinitive with “to” after certain verbs and expressions like:
Can´t afford, arrange, fail, agree, appear, care, decide, hope, learn, manage,
plan, pretend, promise, refuse, threaten, want, seem.

• Example:
We decided to leave.
Emma hopes to arrive early.
I want to have close friends.
Take a look of this chart to
remember other uses of
infitives.
 Verb + object + infinitive

After some verbs we use the structure noun or object pronoun + to + infinitive. Verbs
which can be followed by this form include :
Advice, ask, allow, expect, encourage, force, invite, order, persuade, need, tell, permit,
warn, remind, want, and offer.
Example:
The teacher forced the students to study harder.
My parents persuaded me to study biology.

The negative form is object + not + to + infinitive.

Example:
He told me not to go to the party.
SESSION 2: Infinitives of purpose
We can use to + infinitive to say why we do something. It tells the
other person the reason. We need to have a normal verb as well.

• I went on holiday (this is what I did) to relax (this is why I did it).
• She studies hard to get good marks.
• He gave up cakes to lose weight.
• I'm calling you to ask for your help.

Be careful! In many languages, we use ´for + infinitive´.

This is not correct in English. NOT: I went on Holiday for relax.
The main verb can be in any tense. For example:

• Present simple: I exercise every day to stay healthy.

• Present continuous: He's saving money to buy a flat.
• Past simple: I went to university to get a degree.
• Past continuous: She was walking to the shops to buy milk when she met
John.
• Future simple: He'll come to the party later to pick up Julia.
• Present perfect: She's gone to the library to study.
We can also use 'in order to + infinitive' and 'so as to + infinitive'.
'In order to' is a bit more formal but the meaning is the same as 'so as to' and 'to +
infinitive'.

• I went on holiday to relax.

• I went on holiday in order to relax.
• I went on holiday so as to relax.

We can use a negative infinitive of purpose by adding 'not' before 'to'. Often we do
this with 'in order not to' and 'so as not to'.

• I drank coffee in order not to fall asleep.

• He got up very quietly so as not to wake the children.
We can only use the infinitive of purpose if the subject of the main
verb and the infinitive of purpose are the same.
If they are different, we use 'so that + clause' or 'in order that + clause'.

• I went to the library to study.

(I went to the library and I studied - the subject are both 'I'.)
BUT
• I went to the library so that John could study.
(I went to the library, but John studied)
The two subjects are different - I and John - so we can't use an
infinitive of purpose.
With the verbs 'come' and 'go', we use an infinitive of purpose when they're
in a normal tense but we often use 'and + infinitive' with imperatives or after
modal verbs.

• I went home to sleep.

• Go home and sleep!
• You must go home and sleep!
SESSION 3:
Verb + ing
 Verb + ing

Use the gerund after certain verbs and expressions:

Adore, avoid, consider, dislike, detest, enjoy, involve, discuss, endure,

face, fancy, feel, like, include, risk, quit, deny, end, imagine, finish,
mind, can´t help, can´t stand, mention, miss, get/ be used to, be no
good, it´s no use, be worth, admit, delay, keep, postpone, practice,
resume, resist, resent, spend time, suggest, understand, go / come +
activity verb or sport “ing”.
We use gerunds (verb + ing):

• After certain verbs- I enjoy

singing
• After prepositions - I drank a
cup of coffee before leaving
• As the subject or object of a
sentence - Swimming is good
exercise
 SESSION 4:
Verb + bare infinitive
 Verb + bare infinitive

We use the bare infinitive:

• After modal verbs- all the modal verbs, except ought to must be followed
by the infinitive without to.
Example: I can meet you at six o'clock.

• After verbs 'let', 'make' and (sometimes) 'help‘.

Example: The teacher let us leave early.
• After would rather and had better.
Example: I would rather read a book than watch T.V.

• After some verbs of perception (see, watch, hear, notice, feel, sense).
Example: I watched her walk away.

• After expressions with 'why‘.

Example: Why go out the night before an exam?
Review chart
ACTIVITIES
 EXERCISE 1

Go to the following link and have fun playing the game!

https://es.educaplay.com/recursos-educativos/5525365-
verb_patterns.html
 EXERCISE 2
Fill in the gaps using the following verbs in the correct form
Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form.
1. They are likely __________________ up at any time. (show)
2. The man denied __________________ the crime. (commit)
3. Their memories of __________________ in Africa will stay with them forever. (travel)
4. He has always been afraid of __________________. (fly)
5. __________________ is good for your health. (swim)
6. Would you mind __________________ me the sugar. (pass)
7. She promised __________________ the report as soon as possible. (read) EXERCISE 3
8. I had a hard time __________________ the situation to my husband. (explain)
9. She had some problems __________________ without glasses. (read)
10. Paul gave up __________________ five years ago. (smoke)
11. What about __________________ to the zoo tomorrow? (go)
12. Barca __________________ in winning the Spanish championship. (succeed)
13. They had fun __________________. (ski)
14. My friend was happy __________________ me at the party. (see)
15. He was ashamed __________________ that he had lied. (admit)
HAVE A NICE WEEK! SEE YOU NEXT TIME.
 REFERENCES

• https://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/gerunds-and-infinitives.html
• https://agendaweb.org/verbs/infinitive-gerund-worksheets-lessons
• https://en.islcollective.com/english-esl-worksheets/grammar/gerunds-and-
infinitives/verbs-followed-object-and-infinitive/77792
• https://es.educaplay.com/recursos-educativos/6983872-
like_love_hate_enjoy.html
• https://www.pinterest.com.mx/search/pins/?q=verb%20infinitive%20gerund
&rs=typed&term_meta[]=verb%7Ctyped&term_meta[]=infinitive%7Ctype
d&term_meta[]=gerund%7Ctyped