Name: Armie Rose G.

Faldas Course, Year and Section: BSEd Science 3A Date: 01/31/22

Assessment No.2
Chapter 2: Exploring the Cell

Answer the questions comprehensively.

1. Define Cell Theory.

Cell Theory is a theory in biology that includes one or both of the statements that
the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of living matter and
that the organism is composed of autonomous cells with its properties being the
sum of those of its cells.

2. Discuss the Cell Theory.

The Cell Theory states:
- All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or
multicellular
- The cell is the basic unit of life.
- Cells arise from pre-existing cells. (They are not derived from spontaneous
generation.)
Cell theory is a proposed and widely accepted view of how most life on Earth
functions. According to the theory, all organisms are made of cells. Groups of
cells create tissues, organs, and organisms. Further, cells can only arise from
other cells. These are the main tenants of cell theory.

3. Enumerate and discuss the tools in studying the Cell.

Tools in studying cell are:
• Light Microscope- The light microscope remains a basic tool of cell biologists,
with technical improvements allowing the visualization of ever-increasing
details of cell structure.
• Compound Microscope- A compound microscope is a high power (high
magnification) microscope that uses a compound lens system.
• Fluorescence microscopy- It is often uses ultraviolet wavelengths for excitation,
which necessitates a separate bulb from the visible light bulb. A filter allows
only a small range of wavelengths to pass through, which excite the fluorescent
dye.
• Confocal microscopy- It combines fluorescence microscopy with electronic
image analysis to obtain three-dimensional images.
• Two Photon Excitation Microscopy- Two-photon excitation microscopy is an
alternative to confocal microscopy that can be applied to living cells. The
specimen is illuminated with a wavelength of light such that excitation of the
fluorescent dye requires the simultaneous absorption of two photons.
4. What are the common structures of the cell?
Common structures of cells are:
• all cells have a boundary that separates them from their environment. The
boundary of a cell is called the plasma membrane (cytoplasmic membrane).
• the area inside all cells is called the cytoplasm.
• all cells contain deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which contains the plans for how
the cell is built and how it functions.
• all cells make proteins to help them function. Proteins are built on structures
called ribosomes, so all cells have ribosomes.

5. Differentiate Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic cell.

• Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus, a chamber within the cell that is separated by
a membrane and contains the DNA. They also have organelles,
membraneenclosed structures inside the cell that perform various functions for
the cell. Eukaryotic cells are typically much larger than prokaryotic cells, on
average about ten times larger. Whereas, prokaryotic cells don’t have a nucleus;
their DNA is contained within the cytoplasm of the cell. They also don’t have
any membrane-enclosed organelles, and they’re typically much smaller than
eukaryotic cells.
Name: Armie Rose G. Faldas Course, Year and Section: BSEd Science 3A Date: 01/31/22

Activity in Chapter 2: Exploring the Cell

Activity Title: Let’s explore the Cell

I. Watch the video about the “Cell Types and Cell Structure” using this link
https://youtu.be/QCCp-Y_-7J0 and answer the following questions.

1. Define cell.
• Based on the video, cell is the smallest unit of life that can replicate
independently and they make up all living things. Bacteria consist of single cells
and the animals as well as plants consist of billions or trillions of cells.

2. What are the different types of cells?

• The different types of cells are eukaryotic cells and prokaryotic cells.
Eukaryotic cells are complex and include animal, plants, fungi and protists with
all of these organisms are called eukaryotes while prokaryotic cells are simple
and cell itself is its own organisms. It include bacteria which is called as
prokaryote.

3. What are the differences and similarities between the structures of plant and animal?
• In terms of similarities, both cells are surrounded by cell membrane that control
which substances can pass in and out of the cells. Animal cell and plant cell are
both contain a nucleus that contains the genetic material which is a DNA that
controls the activity of the cell. Both cells have also a cytoplasm which is where
the substance restriction set and where the chemical reaction takes place. They
both have also a Mitochondria which provide the cells the energy they need to
function and breaking down sugar also called as cellular respiration. Animal
and plant cell contain ribosome where proteins are made.
• In terms of differences, plant cell has cell wall which is to provide support and
structure of the cell. It also have vacuoles that contains cells sap which is
basically a sugar solution made of sugar and salts that the plant needs. And
finally, plant cell have chloroplasts which where photosynthesis happens and
this contain substance called chlorophyll which absorbs the light needed for the
photosynthesis and this substance makes the plants green. On the other hand,
animal cell has lysosome which contains a digestive enzymes.
 4. Draw and explain the common cell structures.

(On another sheet of Paper)

Conclusion:
 In this activity, I conclude that cell plays a vital role in order for us to live our life and
to function our body. Without cell, we are nothing. The cells in our body are highly
intelligent. They know when to duplicate themselves and when to rest or stop dividing
altogether. This duplication occurs for many reasons but mainly it is to replace
old cells. This duplication occurs in many stages and has checkpoints along the way to
make sure the cell is replicating as planned. Indeed, I learned that cell makes us to live
and we should be aware of their functions so that we could be able to understand about
our cells.