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Collisions
 Collisions

Head on Oblique

Elastic Perfectly inelastic Partially inelastic

 Head-on collision

It is a Collision in one-Dimension.
Head-on collision
Types of collision
Elastic
Partially inelastic
Perfectly inelastic
Now Let us Discuss
Collision in Detail
 ELASTIC collision
Before Collision:

u1 u2
m1 m2
v2 - v1 = u 1 - u2
❖ In an elastic collision KE is
conserved only before & after the
collision
❖ Bodies regain their shape after
collision.
❖ It is an ideal collision.
 Elastic collision

Before collision: After collision:

u2 v1 v2
u1
m1 m2 m1 m2

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1, + m2v2 ……..(1)

v2 - v1 = u1 - u2 ……..(2)
 Special case

If masses are identical, velocities are interchanged.

v1 = u2 v2 = u1
 Special case

If target m2 is at rest i.e. u2 = 0

 Special case

Special case 1: m1 << m2 Special case 2: m1>>m2

u0 Rest
u0
m1 m2
Special case
Question TIme ...
 Assuming Elastic Collision find the velocities of
objects after collision ?

10 m/sec 6m/sec
2kg 1kg
 Assuming Elastic Collision, find the velocities
of object after collision ?

10 m/sec 6m/sec
2kg 1kg
Two identical balls A & B having velocities of
0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s respectively collide
elastically in one dimension. The velocities of
B & A after the collision respectively will be

A 0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s

B –0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s

C 0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s

D –0.5 m/s and 0.3 m/s

Two identical balls A & B having velocities of
0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s respectively collide
elastically in one dimension. The velocities of
B & A after the collision respectively will be

A 0.5 m/s and –0.3 m/s

B –0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s

C 0.3 m/s and 0.5 m/s

D –0.5 m/s and 0.3 m/s

Solution:
Velocity will interchange
So VB = 0.5, VA = –0.3
Body A of mass 4m moving with speed u
collides with another body B of mass 2m, at
rest. The collision is head on and elastic in
nature. After the collision the fraction of
energy lost by the colliding body A is:

D
Body A of mass 4m moving with speed u
collides with another body B of mass 2m, at
rest. The collision is head on and elastic in
nature. After the collision the fraction of
energy lost by the colliding body A is:

D
Lets us understand
Perfectly Inelastic collisions
 Perfectly Inelastic collision

Before collision:
u1 u2
m1 m2
 Perfectly Inelastic collision

Before collision: After collision:

u1 u2 v
m1 m2 m1 m2

m1u1 + m2u2 = (m1, + m2)v ……(1)

v=
Lets us understand
Partially Inelastic collisions
 Partially inelastic collision

Before collision:

u1 u2
m1 m2
 Partially inelastic

Before collision: After collision:

u2 v2
u1 m1 m2
m1 m2

m1u1 + m2u2 = m1v1, + m2v2 …….(1)

v2 - v1 = e [ u1 - u2] …….(2)

e = coefficient of restitution
e = 0 perfectly inelastic
e = 1 elastic
0 < e < 1 partially inelastic
Two balls are moving in same direction as
shown. If collision is perfectly inelastic find
velocity of 2kg mass and 1 kg mass after
collision. Give u1 = 4m/s and u2 = 3m/s

A 10/3, 13/3 m/s

B 11/3, 11/3 m/s

C 10/3, 10/3 m/s

D 3,3 m/s
Two balls are moving in same direction as
shown. If collision is perfectly inelastic find
velocity of 2kg mass and 1 kg mass after
collision. Give u1 = 4m/s and u2 = 3m/s

A 10/3, 13/3 m/s

B 11/3, 11/3 m/s

C 10/3, 10/3 m/s

D 3,3 m/s
Solution:

M1u1 + m2u2 = (m1 + m2)v

2(4) + 1(3) = (2 + 1)v
 Given coefficient of restitution is e = ½. Find
velocity of masses after collision.

A 3.5m/s, 4 m/s
4 ms-1 3 ms-1
2kg 1kg
B 3m/s, 4m/s

C 3.5m/s, 4.5 m/s

D 2m/s, 4m/s
 4 ms-1 3 ms-1
2kg 1kg
 Given coefficient of restitution is e = ½. Find
velocity of masses after collision.

A 3.5m/s, 4 m/s

4 ms-1 3 ms-1 B 3m/s, 4m/s

2kg 1kg

C 3.5m/s, 4.5 m/s

D 2m/s, 4m/s
 Given coefficient of restitution is e = ½. Find
velocity of masses after collision.

4 ms-1 3 ms-1
2kg 1kg
moving block having mass m, collides with
another stationary block having mass 4 m. The
lighter block comes to rest after collision. When
the initial velocity of the lighter block is v, then
the value of coefficient of restitution (e) will be

A 0.25

B 0.8

C 0.5

D 0.4
moving block having mass m, collides with
another stationary block having mass 4 m. The
lighter block comes to rest after collision. When
the initial velocity of the lighter block is v, then
the value of coefficient of restitution (e) will be

A 0.25

B 0.8

C 0.5

D 0.4
Solution:
Before collision

Initially momentum Pi = mv + 4m × 0
After collision

Final momentum Pf = 3 × 0 + 4mv’

∴ Pi = Pf
Mv = 4mv’

e = 0.25
A ball strikes the ground with velocity u0
.Given coefficient of restitution for surface pair
is e, with what velocity it will rebound?

A u0/e

B eu0

C e/u0

e D u0
e
A ball strikes the ground with velocity u0
.Given coefficient of restitution for surface pair
is e, with what velocity it will rebound?

A u0/e

B eu0
e
C e/u0

D u0
Solution:
A ball is released from height H. Given COR for
ball-ground pair is e, Find
(i) Velocity with which ball strikes ground
(ii) Rebounding velocity
(iii) H achieved after 1st collision
(iv)Total Distance travelled
(v) Total time of flight

H
H
Find final velocities of all balls.
Given: e(AB)= 1 & e(BC)= 0. (HOME WORK)

A B C
u
M 2M M
 Let us start with
2-D Collisions/oblique collision
 Line of Impact (LOI)

It is the line which is perpendicular to surface in contact

during collision.
Line of Impact (LOI)
Line of Impact (LOI)
 The line along
common normal is
also called as LOI.
A particle undergoing oblique
collision moves in direction at
same angle to LOI
Components ⟂ to
LOI remains same
Convert the whole
situation as
Head on Collision
along LOI
Time to solve some
Questions now
A ball strikes the ground with velocity u0 at an
angle as shown. Given coefficient of
restitution for surface pair is e, with what
velocity it will rebound?
In the previous Question what would happen if
a) Collision is perfectly elastic
b) Collision is perfectly inelastic
Two bodies of mass ‘1kg’ and ‘2kg’ are
moving with velocities ‘15 m/s’ and ‘5 m/s’
respectively in an oblique direction as shown
in figure. Find the final velocities of 1 kg & 2
kg ball, if collision is elastic in nature [e = 1].
Solution:
Before collision Along the Line of Impact After collision
pi=pf
9m/s
1(12)+2( ̶ 4)= 1(v1)+2(v2)
1kg 15m/s 1 kg
1 37° 2v2+v1= 4
12m/s 37
kg °
37° 4m/s Along the Line of Impact
37 2 kg
5m/s v2−v1 = e(u1−u2) LOI
°
2
3 m/s v2−v1 = 1 ( 12−(−4))
kg
LOI v2−v1=16

v1 = − 28/3 ms-1 v2 = 20/3 ms-1

Done with
Collision
 Let us start with
Variable mass system
Discuss the problem of rocket propulsion
 Variable mass system

v
u m
dm
Rocket Propulsion
Rocket Propulsion
A chain of mass M and Length L is held
vertically on smooth horizontal table as
shown. Now it is released from rest, find the
normal reaction as a function of time

(M, L)
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