MASTER CLASS

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 JEE 2023
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Centre of Mass
Intro to COM
 Defining COM

The point where entire mass of

system is supposed to be
concentrated is called as COM

Com Com
Position of COM Of Discrete Particle
System

Y
M1 M3

M2
X

Z
 Velocity of COM

Y
M1 M3

M2
X

Z
Acceleration of COM

Y
M1 M3

M2
X

Z
Locate COM of two masses of m1 and m2
located on x-axis.

d x

m1 m2
Solution:

Similarly,

YCM = 0
Hence COM lies closer to
object Heavier in mass.
Three masses are placed on the x-axis : 300 g
at origin, 500 g at x = 40 cm and 400 g at x =
70 cm. The distance of the centre of mass
from the origin is

A 40 cm

B 45 cm

C 50 cm

D 30 cm
Three masses are placed on the x-axis : 300 g
at origin, 500 g at x = 40 cm and 400 g at x =
70 cm. The distance of the centre of mass
from the origin is

A 40 cm

B 45 cm

C 50 cm

D 30 cm
Solution:
300 g 500 g 400 g
x
O
40 cm
70 cm
The distance of the centre of mass of the system of
three masses from the origin O is
Consider a two-particle system with the
particles having masses m1 and m2. If the first
particle is pushed towards the center of mass
through a distance d, by what distance should
the second particle be moved so as to keep
the center of mass at the same position?

A m1m2d

D
Consider a two-particle system with the
particles having masses m1 and m2. If the first
particle is pushed towards the center of mass
through a distance d, by what distance should
the second particle be moved so as to keep
the center of mass at the same position?

A m1m2d

D
Locate COM of three masses forming isosceles
triangle.

L L

M L M
Solution:

As system is symmetric, so centre of mass is located at centroid.

 Locate xcm & ycm for the four masses placed at
the vertices of a square..

A L/2, 7L/10
4m L 3m

B L/4, L/6

L L C L/3 , L/2

D L/3, 7L/10
M L 2m
4m L 3m

L L

M L 2m
 Locate xcm & ycm for the four masses placed at
the vertices of a square..

A L/2, 7L/10
4m L 3m

B L/4, L/6

L L C L/3 , L/2

D L/3, 7L/10
M L 2m
Solution:
100 equal masses(m each) are placed at
distance d each along x-axis as shown. Locate
their COM.

d d d d x

m m m m m …………...m
Point masses M each are placed vertices of a
cube of side length L placed along the
coordinate axis as shown. Locate COM
Find the acceleration of COM, when system is
released from rest. (g = 10 ms–2)

A -0.4 m/s2

B + 0.4 m/s2

C -0.2 m/s2

2kg
D +0.2 m/s2
3kg
Find the acceleration of COM, when system is
released from rest. (g = 10 ms–2)

A -0.4 m/s2

B + 0.4 m/s2

C -0.2 m/s2

2kg
D +0.2 m/s2
3kg
Solution:

Let’s draw the free body diagram of masses

By NLM
30 – T = 3a
T – 20 = 2a
T
5a = 10
2kg a a = 2 ms–2
T
T
a 3kg 20
30
30
Two identical masses are released from a
fixed smooth inclined plane as shown below.
Find ACM (g = 10 ms–2, sin 37 = 3/5, cos 37 =
4/5, sin 53° = 4/5, cos 530 = 3/5)

Res
t

53° 37°
Solution:
The acceleration of mass on smooth inclined plane is g sinθ
a1 = 10 sin 53o a2 = 10 sin 37o
M
M
a2
900

530 370
=8 ms–2
= 6 ms–2
Resolve the acceleration
into horizontal and vertical
components

ACMx = 0 ms–2 ACMy = –5 ms–

2
Three identical balls are projected in three
different directions as shown. Find uCM , aCM ,
Time of flight , Range and Hmax of COM.
Given:

m m m

1 2 3
Solution:
Hence path followed by
center of mass is
projectile

g
uy
Hmax
COM x
ux
R
Let us learn to locate COM of
Continuous Bodies
COM of continuous Bodies

x
 COM of continuous Bodies

We break the object into infinitesimal pieces.

dm1 r1 + dm2 r2 + dm3 r3 +….. dm dm

RCM =
dm1 + dm + dm3 +… 1 2
r r CO
2 M dm
2
∫ dm r
1
r 3
RCM = x
∫ dm 3

XCM =
∫ dm x ∫ dm y ∫ dm z
YCM = ZCM =
∫ dm ∫ dm ∫ dm
Locate centre of mass of uniform rod of length
L.
y

x
 Remember!!!!
COM of Uniform Symmetric bodies lies at Geometric centre.

Ring Disk Square plate Cube Hollow cylinder

 Linear Mass density of a non uniform rod(L)
varies as 𝜆 = 𝜆0 x where 𝜆0 is constant. Find
distance of com of Rod from origin.

y
A 2L/3

B L/4

x
C L

D L/2
 Linear Mass density of a non uniform rod(L)
varies as 𝜆 = 𝜆0 x where 𝜆0 is constant. Find
distance of com of Rod from origin.

y A 2L/3

B L/4
x
C L
x

D L/2
Solution:
Let us start with
some thought provoking Concepts
Locate the center of mass of a uniform Semi
Ring of mass M and radius R.

(M,R)

x
COM of Semi Disc

x
 Location of COM for uniform objects

Hollow hemisphere Solid hemisphere

y y

(M,R) (M,R)

R/2 3R/8
x x
 Location of COM for uniform objects

Hollow Cone Solid Cone

y
y

(M,H, R)
H/3 (M,H, R)
x H/4
x
 Two rods of mass M and 2M having same length L
are joined as shown. Locate the COM of the
system.

2M, L B

M, L D
2M, L

M, L
 Two rods of mass M and 2M having same length L
are joined as shown. Locate the COM of the
system.

2M, L B

M, L D
Solution:

Consider the coordinate axis as shown

● The rods can be considered as a point mass by assuming
there masses to be concentrated at there COM

Consider the coordinate axis as shown

 Locate COM of system formed by semi ring of
mass M and semi disc of mass 2M.

A 2R/9𝜋

(M, R) 2 M, R
(Semi-Disc) B 4R/9𝜋
(Semi-
Ring)
C 6R/9𝜋

D 8R/9𝜋
 (M, R) 2 M, R
(Semi-Ring) (Semi-Disc)
 Locate COM of system formed by semi ring of
mass M and semi disc of mass 2M.

A 2R/9𝜋

(M, R) 2 M, R
(Semi-Disc) B 4R/9𝜋
(Semi-
Ring)
C 6R/9𝜋

D 8R/9𝜋
Solution:
The disk and ring can be considered as a point mass by
assuming there masses to be concentrated at there COM
Find COM of following structure made up off a
solid cone a density ⍴ combined with a solid
hemisphere of density 2⍴ as shown.

37°
H
⍴

R 2⍴
Let us now explore
Objects with Cut out sections.
Locate xCOM of disc of mass M and radius R
centered at origin which contains a Cavity of
radius R/2 as shown.
Locate xCOM of square plate of mass M and
length L centered at origin which contains a
circular cavity of radius L/4 centred at (L/2, 0)
as shown.

L
L/4
Done with Centre of Mass
Intro to COM
 Let us start with
Momentum Conservation
Law of conservation of momentum

M1 M3

M2
 Conservation of momentum

If net external force on system is zero,

then momentum of system is conserved
& it is called as principle of
conservation of momentum.
Conservation of momentum
 Conservation of momentum

● If COM is initially at rest it will remain at

rest.

● If COM is initially moving with a particular

velocity it will continue moving with that
velocity.
A bomb of Mass M explodes into two pieces of
mass and . If the speed of smaller mass
is v0 , then find the speed of bigger mass.
Solution:
As the external force on system is zero, therefore
momentum of system is conserved
Pi = Pf

V2 V1 =
v0
A bomb of Mass M placed at origin explodes
into three pieces of mass . Two masses
moving along X axis and Y axis has velocity 3
ms–1 and 4 ms–1 respectively. Find speed and
direction of 3rd mass.
A bomb of Mass M placed at origin explodes
into three pieces of mass . Two masses
moving along X axis and Y axis has velocity 3
ms–1 and 4 ms–1 respectively. Find speed and
direction of 3rd mass.

V2 = 4 ms–1

V1= 3 ms–1

V3=?
Pi = Pf V2 = 4 ms–1

V1= 3 ms–1

V3=?
As the external force on system is
zero, therefore momentum of system
is conserved
 A body of mass 30 kg is shot with velocity 50
ms–1 at an angle 53° with horizontal. At its Top
most point, the body break into three parts
each of mass 10kg. If one mass retraces its
path, second comes to rest, then find the
velocity of third mass after explosion.

50 ms-1

53°

M
Let us start with
another category of questions
A man is standing on a trolling which is
placed on a smooth surface. Friction is
present b/w man and trolling due to which
man walk on trolling with velocity v0 with
respect to trolley. What are the actual
velocities of man and trolling at this instance.

M1

m2
A man of mass M stands on plank of mass as
shown. If mass walks and reaches other end
of plank, then find displacement of plank &
displacement of man relative to ground.

M/3

L
 A monkey is holding a balloon in gravity free
space as shown. If man starts climbing up, find
displacement of balloon when monkey
M/3 M/3
reaches balloon.

M
Masses attract each other under the mutual
force of gravitational attraction. If they are
released from rest, how much distance with
they traveled individually before striking each
other.

5M
M

R
9R
2R
Let us have a bumper question
Find maximum extension in the spring.

k
v0
m m
Find maximum extension in the spring.

v0
k 2v0
2m m
Find maximum extension in the spring.

k
F0 (constant)
m1 m2
Find maximum extension in the spring.

F1 k
F2
m1 m2
A ball of mass m slides on a circle shaped inclined
plane as shown. There is no friction anywhere.
Find velocity of plane & mass m when they get
separated from each other.

Rest
m

R
2m
Find maximum height achieved by the ball
when it rises up a smooth incline plane of
sufficient height as shown. (HOME WORK )

v0
M 2M
Done with momentum conservation
Let us start with
Impulse
Impulse

m
 Impulse

● The concept of impulse arises when

forces acts for very small duration.
 Impulse

● The impulse of any force is defined as

● The impulse of Constant force is

 Impulse

● Impulse is Area under Force-time graph

f(N) Impulse = Coloured Area

t1 t2 t (s)
 Impulse

● The net impulse of all forces on a

body equals Change in Momentum
of body
● Impulse is a vector quantity.
● S.I unit is Ns or kg ms–1.
Impulse
Find the impulse given by all forces in 2 secs.

2 kg 10N
A ball(3 kg) is thrown on a floor. It goes under elastic
collision & rebounds as shown.Ball Remains in contact
with Floor for 1 ms.
Find
(i) impulse given by normal reaction.
(ii) j given by gravity
(iii) Make conclusions.

3 kg
20 m/s

20 m/s
37° 37°
 Impulse of constant
forces like gravity can
be ignored for a very
short duration of time.
 Due to this reason the
momentum of bomb can
still be conserved if it is
thrown in air by ignoring
impulse of gravity.
A bullet of mass m moving with speed v0
horizontally gets embedded into a block of
mass 2m as shown. Find final velocity of
system.

v0
m
2m 𝜇
 The force F acting on a particle of mass m is
indicated by the force-time graph shown
below. The change in momentum of the
particle over the time interval from zero to 8 s
is

A 24 Ns
6
3
B 20 Ns
F(N) 0
2 4
6 8 C 12 Ns
-3
t(s)
D 6 Ns
 The force F acting on a particle of mass m is
indicated by the force-time graph shown
below. The change in momentum of the
particle over the time interval from zero to 8 s
is

A 24 Ns
6
3
B 20 Ns
F(N) 0
2 4
6 8 C 12 Ns
-3
t(s)
D 6 Ns
Find the velocity of the system if the ball
strikes the bucket with velocity v0 & sticks to it.

M
M
v0

M
 M
M
v0

M
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