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GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
MODIFIED LEARNING MATERIALS/MODULES BASED ON THE DEPED CURRICULUM
Grade Level: 11 Quarter/Duration: 3rd Quarter – 4th- 5th Month School Year: 2021-2022
Teacher: KIM M. ARANETA Subject: General Mathematics

Lesson 1: One-to-one Function

Learning Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to
a.) represents real-life situations using one-to-one functions.
b.) defines one-to-one function; and
c.) illustrates the horizontal line test.
Competency Codes: M11GM-Id-1, M11GM-Id-2

Think of a real-life example of function.

For instance, pairing of student to his mother. Pairing a vehicle to its plate number. (30s) As much as possible,
your function must be unique.

Examples
1.) Pairing an LRN to a student (one-to-one).
2.) Pairing a number to its square (not one-to-one)
3.) Pairing a student to his mother (not one-to-one)
4.) Pairing a vehicle to its plate number (one-to-one)
5.) Jeepney Fare (not one-to-one).

Which of the following illustration shows a one-to-one functions? Why?

1.) Not a function 2.) Functions but not one-to-one 3.) One-to-One Function

Which of the functions you have written is one-to-one?

Why?

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The function f is said to be one-to-one, ∀ x1 , x 2 ∈ D f , if x 1 ≠ x 2, then f (x 1)≠ f (x 2).

Equivalently, if f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ), then x 1=x 2.
Meaning, any y -value is never paired with two different x -values.

Example:
Determine if f is one-to-one function.
1. f ( x )=x 2

Solution:
f ( x )=x 2
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 )
2 2
( x 1 ) =( x 2 )
(−2 )2=( 2 )2
−2 ≠2
Since, there are two values for x in a given y . Hence, the function is not one-to-one.

2. f ( x )=2 x +1

Solution:
f ( x )=2 x +1
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 )
2 x1 +1=2 x 2 +1
2 x1 =2 x 2
x 1=x 2
Since, f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ) implies x 1=x 2, the function is one-to-one.

Horizontal Line Test

A function is one-to-one if each horizontal line does not intersect the graph at more than one point.
If each horizontal line intersects the graph in at most one point, then the function is one-to-one. These
observations form the basis for the horizontal line test.
The graphs of the functions considered in Example 1 are shown below. Applying the horizontal line test to each
graph confirms the results we obtained.

Question!!!
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 What is the difference of a one-to-one function to the other function?

Name:_____________________________________________Strand/Year:_______Date:_______Score:______
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
Note: (Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer and solving)
Instruction: Determine if f is a one-to-one function. Verify your answer graphically.

1.) 6.)

2.) 7.)

3.) 8.)

4.) 9.)

5.) 10.)

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Lesson 2: Inverse Function

Learning Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to
a.) determines the inverse of a one-to-one function.
b.) represents an inverse function through its: (a) table of values, and (b) graph.
c.) finds the domain and range of an inverse function.
Competency Codes: M11GM-Id-1, M11GM-Id-2, M11GM-Id-3, M11GM-Id-4

Definition
If f is a one-to-one function, then the inverse of f, denoted f -1 , is the function formed by reversing all the
ordered pairs in f. Thus,
f -1 = { (y,x) : (x,Y) is in f }.
If f is not one-to-one, then f does not have an inverse and f -1 does not exist.

Properties of Inver function

If f -1 exists, then

1.) f -1 is a one-to-one function.

2.) Domain of f -1 = range of f.
3.) Range of f -1 =domain of f.

Example:
f ( x )=2 x +1
f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 )
2 x1 +1=2 x 2 +1
2 x1 =2 x 2
x 1=x 2
Since, f ( x 1 ) =f ( x 2 ) implies x 1=x 2, the function is one-to-one.

Finding an Inverse Function

1.) Determine if the function f is one-to-one. If f is not one-to-one, then f -1 does not exist.
2.) In the equation for f(x), replace f(x) by y.
3.) Interchange the roles of x and y and solve by y.
4.) Replace y by f -1 (x) in the new equation.
5.) Find the domain of f -1 . Remember the domain of f -1 must be the same as the range of f.
6.) Check your work by verifying that f -1
(x) = x for all x in the domain of f and f (f -1
(x)) = x for all x in the domain
of f -1
.
Example:
If f ( x )=2 x +1, what is f −1 ( x ) ?
Step 2:
y=2 x +1
Step 3:
x=2 y +1
x−1=2 y
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x−1 x−1
= y∨ y=
2 2

Step 3:
x=2 y +1
x−1=2 y
x−1 x−1
= y∨ y=
2 2
Step 4:
−1 x−1
f ( x )=
2

Step 4:
x−1
f −1 ( x )=
2
Step 5:

Table of Values and Graph

f ( x )=2 x +1
−1 x−1
f ( x )=
2

y f(x)=2x+1

9 f(x)=(x-1)/2
Series 1
Series 2
8

x
-10 -9 -8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13

-1

-2

-3
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Graphing Inverse Functions

First we need to ascertain that the given graph corresponds to a one-to-one function by applying the horizontal
line test. If it passes the test, the corresponding function is one-to-one.
Given the graph of a one-to-one function, the graph of its inverse can be obtained by reflecting the graph about
the line y=x .

Example 1. Graph if the graph of restricted in the domain is

given below. What is the range of the function? What is the domain and range of its inverse?

Solution. Take the reflection of the restricted graph of across the line y = x.

The range of the original function can be determined by the inspection of the graph.

The range is .

Verify using techniques in an earlier lesson that the inverse function is given by .
The domain and range of the inverse function can be determined by inspection of the graph:

In summary

Observe that the domain of the inverse is the range of the original function, and that the range f of the inverse is
the domain of the original function. Is this true for all one-to-one functions and their inverses?
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Name:_____________________________________________Strand/Year:_______Date:_______Score:______
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
Note: (Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer and solving)
Instruction: The functions given are one-to-one. Find f -1 and sketch the graph of f(x) and f -1 (x) in the same
coordinate plane. Verify your graph using any graphing utility.

1.) 6.)

2.) 7.)

3.) 8.)

4.) 9.)

5.) 10.)

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Lesson 2: Exponential Function

Learning Competency:
At the end of the lesson, the learner is able to
a.) represents real-life situations using exponential functions.
b.) distinguishes between exponential function, exponential equation, and exponential inequality.
c.) solves exponential equations and inequalities.
Competency Codes: M11GM-Ie-3, M11GM-Ie-4, M11GM-Ie-f-1

Definition: An exponential function with base b is a function of the form f(x) = bx or y = bx (b > 0, b ≠ 1).
Example 1.
Complete a table of values for x = –3, –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, and 3 for the exponential functions
y = (1/3)x ,
y = 10x , and
y = (0.8)x.

Solution:

Example 2. If f(x) = 3x , evaluate f(2), f(–2), f(1/2), f(0.4), and f().

Solution.

Since  = 3.14159… is irrational, the rules for rational exponents are not applicable. We define 3 using
rational numbers: f() = 3 can be approximated by 33.14. A better approximation is 33.14159. Intuitively, one can
obtain any level of accuracy for 3 by considering sufficiently more decimal places of . Mathematically, it can be
proved that these approximations approach a unique value, which we define to be 3  . Definition. Let b be a
positive number not equal to 1.
A transformation of an exponential function with base b is a function of the form

g(x) = abx – c + d,

where a, c, and d are real numbers.

The exponential function f with base a is denoted by , where a > 0, a ≠ 1, and x is any real number.
Example 1.In the same coordinate plane, sketch the graph of each function.
1.) f (x) = 2x
2.) G (x) = 4x

Example 2.In the same coordinate plane, sketch the graph of each function.
1.) f (x) = 2−x

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2.) g (x) = 4−x

Properties of Exponential Functions

f(x) = ax, a > 0,a ≠ 1

1. The domain of f is the set of real numbers.

2. The range of f is the set of positive real numbers.
3. The y-intercept is at point (0,1), that is, f(0) = 1 .
4. f(1) = a
5. If 0 < a < 1, as the value of x increases, the value of y decreases.
6. If a > 1, as the value of x increases, the value of y increases.
7. The function f is one-to-one, that is, ax = ay if and only if x = y.
8. The graph of f has a horizontal asymptote y = 0 or the x- axis.

Definition: An exponential expression is an expression of the form ab cu + d, where (b > 0, b ≠ 1).
The definitions of exponential equations, inequalities and functions are shown below.

An exponential equation or inequality can be solved for all x values that satisfy the equation or inequality (Lesson
13).An exponential function expresses a relationship between two variables (such as x and y), and can be
represented by a table of values or a graph.

Solved Examples
Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an exponential inequality, or
none of these.
1.) f(x) = 5x2 (Answer: None of these)
2.) 2 ≥ (1/2)x (Answer: Exponential inequality)
3.) 74x = y (Answer: Exponential function)
4.) 4(10x - 2) = 500 (Answer: Exponential equation)
5.) 7 < 14x + 3 (Answer: Exponential inequality)
6.) y = 0.5x (Answer: Exponential function)

Laws of Exponents Let a and b be positive real numbers, a ≠ 1, b ≠ 1, and let x and y be real numbers.
1.)

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2.)

3.)

4.)

5.)

Example 3. Solve 5 2x+1 = 25.

Example 4. Solve 2 3x = 161−x .

Try These:
Determine whether the given is an exponential function, an exponential equation, an exponential inequality or
none of these.
1.) 49x = 72 4.) 3(15x) = 45
x
2.) 3 < 9 5.) 3 ≥ 9x -1
3.) y = 81x 6.) y = 1.25x

Example 1.
Solve the equation 4x – 1 = 16.
Solution. Write both sides with 4 as the base.
4 x – 1 = 16
4 x – 1 = 42
x–1=2
x=2+1
x=3

Alternate Solution. Write both sides with 2 as the base.

4 x – 1 = 16
(22 ) x – 1 = 24
22(x – 1) = 24
2(x – 1) = 4
2x – 2 = 4
2x = 6
x=3
Example 2.
Solve the equation 125x–1 = 25x+3 .
Solution. Both 125 and 25 can be written using 5 as the base.
125x–1 = 25x+3
(53 ) x–1 = (52 ) x+3
5 3(x – 1) = 52(x+3)
3(x – 1) = 2(x + 3)
3x – 3 = 2x + 6
x=9
Example 3.
Solve the equation .
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Solution. Both 9 and 3 can be written using 3 as the base.

2x2 = x + 3
2x2 – x – 3 = 0
(2x – 3)(x + 1) = 0
2x – 3 = 0 or x + 1 = 0
x = 3/2 or x = –1

Example 4.
Solve the inequality 3x < 9x–2
Solution. Both 9 and 3 can be written using 3 as the base.
3x < (32 ) x–2
3x < 32(x–2)
3x < 32x–4
Since the base 3 > 1, then this inequality is equivalent to
x < 2x – 4 (the direction of the inequality is retained)
4 < 2x – x
4<x
The solution set to the inequality is .

Solved Examples
Solve for x in the following equations or inequalities.
1. 3x = 81
Solution.
3 x = 34
x=4

2. 57-x = 125
Solution.
5 7-x = 53
7- x = 3
-x = 3 – 7
-x = -4
x=4

Name:_____________________________________________Strand/Year:_______Date:_______Score:______
Subject: GENERAL MATHEMATICS 11
Note: (Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer and solving)
Instruction: In Exercises 1-10, solve for x.
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1.) 6.)

2.) 7.)

3.) 8.)

4.) 9.)

5.) 10.)

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