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1.introduce of High Voltage
1.introduce of High Voltage
Lecturers:
1. Prof. Dr. Ir. Hermagasantos Zein, M.Sc.
2. Siti Saudah, S.t., M.T.
Contact:
▪ Ofice:
➢ Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban, Bandung Barat, Indonesia
▪ Email:
➢ hermaga_s@yahoo.co.id, Hp. 081321108991
➢ siti.saudah@polban.ac.id, Hp.081222548693
INTRODUCTION TO HIGH VOLTAGE
Content
1. Electric Power System
2. Aspects of using High Voltage
3. Energy sources and energy conversion
4. Substation
5. Power Overhead lines and Cables
6. Basic Equipment
7. Homework-1
8.Homework-1
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
1. Electric Power System
G1 Generating station
Generating substation
ektra/ulta Voltage
G2
transmission
Transmission
substation
Bulk Substation
Medium voltage network
20 kV atau 70 kV
Distribution Substation
This equation:
• For a fixed S and V=high voltage, resulte in lower I
• Lower I: losses and voltage drops are lower.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
1. Electric Power System …
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
2. Aspects of using High Voltage …
From the table:
Air at atmospheric pressure is an obvious choice as an insulating material.
• The widespread use of high voltage overhead lines and outdoor substations.
• Still necessary to support the high voltage conductors mechanically.
Solid materials (i.e. Porcelin, galss and polymers): support the conductor HV
Transformer and other equipment use mineral oil, either on its own in
combination with linen or paper
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
2. Aspects of using High Voltage …
In a properly (wajar)designed system:
• Insulation sistems: reliably under normal as well as abnormal
volatage
• Main factor of failure : overstressing, i.e. Electric field exceed
capabilitties and indusces failure.
• Air at atmospheric pressure: good insulator and a gap electrodes
without sharp protrusions (benjolan tajam) can withstand 20 kV/cm.
However, at 30 kV/cm the air in the gap becomes ionized and
breaks down, leading to a flashover, accompanied by a high short
circuit.
• Lightning is the build up electric charge in the cloud causes field
conditions, leading eventually to a massive discharge in the form of
a high current to ground.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
3. Energy sources and energy conversion
• Direct conversion: solar energy by the photo voltage effect.
• All the electricity in the world is generated using Faraday’s law (water,
stem or wind energy causes ratation of the turbine and generator rotor.
• When the magnetic poles on the rotor move past the stator: electricity in
induced in the stator winding, producing power as shown in fig. below
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
3. Energy sources and energy conversion …
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
3. Energy sources and energy conversion …
Conventional and pebble bed modular reactors
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
3. Energy sources and energy conversion …
Generator: Typecal large generator:
• Ratting: 500 - 900 MVA
• Voltage: 24 kV.
• Full load current:10 – 20 kA.
• Reducing losses: water-cooling of the stator winding and the use of air-cooled
bus ducts for the connections between the generator and the generator
transformer.
• The insulation of the stator bars relative to the stator slots poses a particularly
difficult insulation problem in the light of the limited space, high voltage and
temperature
Fig.7 (a) Generator, stator windings and (b) detail of the winding insulation in the stator slot
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
4. Substation
• Substations are the nodes in the power system
• Transmission substations: interconnection nodes on the main transmission
system.
• Distribution stations:132 kV and below to distribute the power to consumers.
A typical distribution substation is shown in Fig.8.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
4. Substation …
• The Fig. shows: a conventional outdoor and of an indoor gas-insulated
substation (GIS).
• In GIS the use of SF6, a gas with exceptional insulating properties, facilitates the
design of very compact substations.
• In GIS a co-axial tubular system is used and all the components, such as circuit
breakers, isolators and circuit breakers form an integral part of the substation.
Figure 9: Typical 132 kV substations: Outdoor (a) and Indoor GIS (b)
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
5. Power Overhead lines and Cables
Fig. 10 : Typical overhead high voltage lines: (a): 400 kV suspension tower, (b) 400 kV double circuit strain
tower and (c) 22 kV wood-pole distribution line with fused cable connection.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
5. Power Overhead lines and Cables …
Fig. 11 : New designs of (a) a 400 kV line and (b) a 132 kV line
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
5. Power Overhead lines and Cables …
Underground power cables
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment
In this section the components of the power system, consisting of transmission and distribution
substations and power lines, are discussed.
Fig. 12: Examples of conductor power line components: (a) Detail of ACSR conductor,
(b) Pistol grip connection of a conductor to a strain insulator and (c) Wind vibration
dampers.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Bushings
Fig. 14: Normal straight through epoxy resin bushing and (b) capacitively graded paper and oil bushing.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Examples of typical bushings are shown in Fig. 1.15.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment ….
Instrument transformers
CT’s: current transformers
VT’s: voltage transformers
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Instrument transformers
• CT’s: current transformers
• VT’s: voltage transformers
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Line traps (LT’s)
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Circuit breakers and fuses
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Circuit breakers and fuses
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Circuit breakers and fuses
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Insulators
Fig.28 : Typical rotating arm isolators: (a) Isolator closed and (b) Isolator
open.
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
6. Basic Equipment …
Surge arresters or lightning arresters (LA’s)
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
7. Homework
Part 1:
1. What meaning in Indonesia language of the terminologies below: Conjugate
current, Pole, Flashover and breakdown, buildup electric charge, massive
discharge, tower, conductivity, isolator, suspension isolator, support isolator
2. Explain meaning in Indonesia language the some thinks below: Substation, power
plant, Transmission and Distribution, Bulk substation, generating substation,
transmission substation and distribution substation, Faraday's law
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
7. Homework …
Part 2:
1. Compare the pros and cons (pro dan contra) of overhead lines and underground
cables.
2. What is a bushing?
3. Which two purposes are served by the oil in a transformer? Elaborate.
4. What are the differences between CTs and VTs?
5. Why should the secondary of a CT never become open-circuited while it is
energized?
6. Describe the concept of auto reclosing.
7. How does an isolator differ from a circuit breaker?
8. Describe the arc interruption processes in air blast, SF6, oil and vacuum circuit
breakers.
9. What are the pros and cons of AC and DC transmission?
10.What meaning of the terminologies below: Conjugate current, Pole, Flashover and
breakdown, buildup electric charge massive discharge, tower, conductivity,
isolator, suspension isolator.
11.Explain the some thinks below: power plant, Transmission and Distribution, Bulk
substation, generating substation, transmission substation and distribution
substation
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban
OK, our class is over
Thank You
Hermagasantos Zein & Siti Saudah, Jurusan Teknik Konversi Energi, Polban