ANSWERS TO TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS

Objective Questions
A. Multiple choice questions.
1. c 2. a 3. c 4. c 5. b
6. b 7. c 8. c 9. b 10. c

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B. Fill in the blanks.
1. wind 2. sea breeze 3. cloudburst 4. tornado 5. cyclone

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6. tornado 7. low 8. Aerofoil 9. streamlined 10. Thunder
C. State whether ‘true’ or ‘false’.

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1. True 2. True 3. False 4. True 5. True
6. True 7. False 8. True 9. True 10. True

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D. Give one word answer.
1. Monsoon 2. Breeze 3. High speed wind 4. Gale 5. Storm
6. Sea breeze 7. land Breeze 8. lightning 9. Thunder 10. Aerofoil

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Theoretical Questions
A. Short answer type questions.

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1. The earth is surrounded by air upto the height of about 800 km. The air surrounding the earth is atmosphere.
2. Sun warms the air and it expands becoming light in weight and hence rises up. Rising air leaves behind
a gap resulting in low air pressure in the region. Cool and heavy air from the surrounding cooler
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regions flow to fill this gap. This sets up flow of air called convection currents. This results in wind.
3. The flowing air from over the sea towards the land during the day is called sea breeze.
4. This flowing air from over the land towards the sea during night is called land breeze.
5. Moist winds (full of vapour) rising from the sea and moving towards the land are termed as monsoon
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and may bring heavy rain with them.
6.  Speed of the wind can be measured with the help of ‘anemometer’ or ‘wind wane’, whereas direction
of wind can be measured using cock vane or wind sock.
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7. Each patch of cloud bears negative (-ve) electrical charge on the portion facing the earth. The part of
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the cloud which is on the side away from the earth bears positive (+ve) electrical charge on it.
8. This flowing air from over the sea towards the land during the day is called sea breeze.
9. Air blowing at the speed of 50 to 80 km/h is called gale (strong wind).
10. An airplane wings are flat on the bottom and curved on the top. This shape of the airplane is described
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as air foil or aerofoil.

B. Long answer type questions.
1. Sun warms the earth and the air around it. Hot air rises and is replaced with cool surrounding air
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currents which results in wind. On the earth equatorial region is hot and polar regions are cool and so
we also find that hot air rises in the equatorial region and the cold winds blow from the poles to the
equatorial region.
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2. Cycloneis a huge, spirally revolving wind storm. Cyclones usually form over the sea. Sun heats the air
over the sea. Warm air full of moisture rises and reaches up in the cooler regions of the atmosphere.
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 Water vapourin the moist air condenses to form rain drops making space for more air and creating
a region of low air pressure. Surrounding air gushes towards the center of the low pressure region.
However, the gushing air circles around the center instead of moving into the center of the low pressure
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region. This is because wind is pushed to one side due to the spinning of the earth. This results in the
formation of extremely low pressure region in the center and extremely high pressure winds revolving
around it. This is cyclone.

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  Wind blowing around a central area of very low air pressure in the atmosphere on land is called the
‘eye’ of the cyclone. Around the ‘eye’ of the cyclone wind rotates spirally at a very high speed carrying
all the dirt and whatever comes its way. Cyclone is accompanied with very strong circulating wind
which may uproot trees, collapse houses and topple fixtures like electric and telephone poles. Cyclone
remains in the lower atmosphere near the surface of the earth.
3. In some places, cyclone is also called hurricane. It is called typhoon in Japan, Hong Kong, Philippines
and coastal places along the Pacific Ocean. In places like Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Hong Kong

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and other coastal places in the East, warning through siren is given to the people of the forthcoming

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‘cyclone’ so that people should remain indoors and find a safe place, if already on the road. Even
public vehicles should not move till the cyclone goes away. There is no difference between the two.
4. Cyclones usually form over the sea or areas near the equator. Cyclone wind rotates spirally at a very

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high speed carrying all the dirt and whatever comes its way. Cyclone remains in the lower atmosphere
near the surface of the earth.

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 Tornado or whirlwind (Chakrawaat) is a violent cyclonic windstorm with strong spirally rotating wind
moving at the speed of over 200 to 300 km per hour, rising up into a ‘funnel shaped’ storm carrying
dust, debris, and even heavy articles which comes its way. Due to its funnel-like shape, it is also called

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as ‘spinning funnel’. Some of the tornadoes are weak and end up soon. Strong tornado moves from
one place to another and may result in twisting the fixtures like electric poles and towers (hence called
twisting-fury), uprooting big trees, damaging buildings and lifting heavy articles like car and buses

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and whatever comes its way to a height of more than 50m which fall down later.
5. Cloudburst is the sudden cooling of a big chunk of dense cloud over a small area falling down as a
huge block of water. Sudden and heavy fall of water in bulk is not contained by the land on which it
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falls and it washes away rocks, soil crop growing over it and also the buildings and other structures.
6. A state of heavy rain accompanied with strong flashes of lightning and loud thunder is known as
thunderstorm. The positive charge from one cloud transfers to the negative charge on the facing cloud
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to neutralize each other, producing a bright spark or the flash of light. This is lightning. Lightning heats
the air around it and the sudden and heavy expansion of air due to heating is so big and spontaneous
that it gives out an exploding crackling sound. This light and sound produced is thunderstorm.
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7. The main body of the airplane is pointed in front, cylindrical in the middle and tapering towards
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the back. This shape is termed as ‘streamlined shape’. Streamlined shape of a body offers minimum
resistance while moving through air. The streamlined shape of an airplane has been adopted from the
streamlined shape of a flying bird in the air or a fish in water.
8. Warm air full of moisture rises and reaches up in the cooler regions of the atmosphere. This warm air
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takes up the heat from the atmosphere to change into water vapour.
 Water vapour further condenses to form rain drops which eventually gathers to form huge
thunderclouds. Now, while this water vapour condenses into liquid, it loses heat to the atmosphere
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causing the surroundings to heat up as a result of which this surrounding heated air also rises leading
to the formation of the region of low pressure. When hurricanes reach a land surface, they begin to lose
their energy and die out and it wanes while reaching the land.
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9. High speed winds reduces air pressure above the roof. While the air pressure below the roof is high
which pushes the roof upwards. This is the reason why thatched roofs are blown off during high winds.
10. Suspend two ping-pong balls or air filled balloons parallel
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to each other using pieces of thread of the same length,

keeping a small gap in between the two balls or balloons.
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Blow hard between the two balls or balloons and try to

push them apart. You may note that the balls (or balloons)
instead of moving away come closer to each other. Harder
you blow nearer they come.
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This material is designed to be used as a supplement with the book Science Mission 7.
 Conclusion: This happens since the air pressure around the blowing air is lowered which pulls the
balls towards one another.
11. i.    Aim: To learn that air has weight. Material required: Two soft rubber
balloons of the same size and weight, a piece of light wooden stick or a
ruler of about 50 cm length, a few pieces of thread. Procedure: Blow air
into the two rubber balloons to the extent that they are of the same size.
Tie one balloon each to both the sides of the rod. Tie a piece of thread at

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the center of the rod such that the rod remains horizontal. Now, prick one

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of the balloons with a sharp pointed pin. Air from the pricked balloon
gushes out and it deflates. The side of the rod with deflated balloon rises
and the side of the rod with air filled balloon goes down proving that the

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balloon with air has weight. Conclusion: Air has weight.
ii.    Aim: To learn that air occupies space and air exerts pressure in all

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directions. Materials required: A balloon Procedure: Take a rubber
balloon. Blow air into it. The balloon increases in size. Air occupies
space inside the balloon. Can you guess why an air filled balloon is

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round in shape? Air going into the balloon exerts pressure upon the
walls of the balloon. Soft rubber walls of the balloon expand in all
directions— downward, sideways and upwards, and the balloon gets

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inflated into a round shape.
iii.   Aim: To demonstrate that air exerts pressure in all directions.
Materials required: Hot water resistant plastic bottle, hot water, cold
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water Procedure: Pour hot water into the plastic bottle. Let the hot
air from the bottle come out. Tighten the bottle cap properly. Pour ice
cold water on the bottle. You will observe that the bottle gets crushed.
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Conclusion: This is because the air present in bottle expands as it is
hot. The air contracts when it gets cooled. The air pressure inside the
bottle gets reduced. The air pressure outside the bottle is more than the
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air inside the bottle. Hence, air outside the bottle exerts more pressure
and the bottle gets crushed from all sides showing that atmospheric air
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exerts pressure on the bottle from all sides.

iv. Aim: To demonstrate that air expands on heating and contracts on cooling.
 Materials required: A soft rubber balloon, a glass tube, two beakers or two glasses–one with
warm water and another with cold water.
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Procedure: Tie a deflated soft rubber balloon to the mouth of the glass tube with a piece of thread.
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 Place the tube with the balloon in hot water. Observe that the balloon gets inflated. Air inside
the glass tube expands on getting heated from hot water and expanded air rises into the balloon,
inflating it.
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 Now, shift the glass tube with the inflated balloon to the cold water. Observe that the balloon gets
deflated. Air inside the inflated balloon and the glass tube contracts on cooling and gets back into
the tube, leaving behind deflated balloon.

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© S. Chand And Company Limited
This material is designed to be used as a supplement with the book Science Mission 7.
 Conclusion: Air expands on heating and contracts on cooling.
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 uspend two ping-pong balls or air filled balloons
parallel to each other using pieces of thread of
the same length, keeping a small gap in between
the two balls or balloons. Blow hard between the
two balls or balloons and try to push them apart.
You may note that the balls (or balloons) instead

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of moving away come closer to each other. Harder

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you blow nearer they come.
Conclusion: This happens since the air pressure around the blowing air is lowered which pulls the
balls towards one another.

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© S. Chand And Company Limited
This material is designed to be used as a supplement with the book Science Mission 7.