Peace & Conflict Resolution Sequence: Listening & Speaking

Prof. Hicham Ouaz

Study the following examples then fill in the gaps with the words (prohibition – obligation – lack of obligation) to complete the rules
WRITE IT UP

Examples: - We must respect other people. - We mustn’t insult each other.

- We don’t need to / don’t have to hurry. The lecture starts in two hours from now.

Rules
 We use “must” and “have to” to express ..............................................................................1)
Eg: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 We use “mustn’t” to express ..............................................................................2)
Eg: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 We use “don’t / doesn’t need to” and “don’t / doesn’t have to” to express ..............................................................................3)
Eg: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................
 We use “had to” to express obligation in the past.
Eg: I didn’t wake up early. I had to take a taxi.
 We use “didn’t have o” and “didn’t need to” to express lack / absence of obligation in the past.
Eg: ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Practice: Task 1: Complete the following sentences with the appropriate modal: must, have to, must not, do not have to, had to,
did not have to.
1. All nations .............................................................................. live in peace.

2. We ...................................................................... make conflicts between each other; we ................................................................ solve problems

peacefully.
3. The United Nations Organization .............................................................................. settle conflicts between countries.
4. The Blue Helmets .............................................................................. use force to re-establish peace in the world.

5. The League of Nations lacked power to restore peace in the world. So the UNO .............................................................................. replace it.
6. The UNICEF is an organization specialized in protecting children and their mothers. It ................................................... settle disputes

between countries.
Task 2: Write a list of regulations using the clues in the box and the auxiliaries (must – have to – mustn’t – don’t have to / don’t
need to).

tolerate differences / respect / keep cool / shout at each other, learn to listen to each other / bully / impose ourselves on
others / cheat at exams / accept the opinions of others / insult others / always agree with each other / violent / settle disputes
peacefully. (you can add other examples)

Obligation Prohibition Absence of obligation

We must.................................................................................... We must not..................................................................... We do not have to.....................................................................

We have to.............................................................................. We must not..................................................................... .................................................................................................................

We must.................................................................................... We must not..................................................................... We do not need to

.....................................................................
We must.................................................................................... We must not.....................................................................
.................................................................................................................
We have to.............................................................................. We must not.....................................................................
We do not need to

.....................................................................
Use: As a secondary school pupil, you can differentiate between your rights and your duties inside both your classroom and
your school. Complete the class charter that follows in which you state the most important rights and duties that you have as a
pupil.

express opinions / work hard / respect the opinions of others / meet together to exchange ideas / free education / tolerate
differences / good working conditions / health care / respect the rights of others / promote a culture of peace / information /
co-operate to solve problems…

THE NEW SECONDARY SCHOOL OF MEROUANA Prof. Hicham Ouaz

SCIENTIFIC STREAM, YEAR 2

CLASS CHARTER

We the students of Class _____ , after class discussion have agreed on the following:

 We have the right to ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

 We have the right to ..........................................................................................................................................................................................

 We ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 We ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 School authorities must .................................................................................................................................................................................

 They mustn’t ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 The Parent-Teacher Association must ......................................................................................................................................

In order to fulfil these rights, we promise to meet our responsibilities:

 We have the duty to ............................................................................................................................................................................................

 We must ...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 We have to .........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 We should ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 We ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

 We ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

Date: ....................................................................... Signed by: .......................................................................