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Toaz - Info Wfwe PR
Toaz - Info Wfwe PR
Individual Activity
Instructor: Mr. Gegona
Activity: Answering Problem Sets 1 and 2 of the book ‘Elementary Surveying’ by Juny Pilapil
La Putt.
Problem Set 1
1. LINEAR MEASUREMENTS. The measured length (in meters) of airport runways in five
major cities in the Philippines are: 1,250.00, 1,375.50, 1,410.75, 1,550.25, and 1,750.00
meters. Determine the equivalent length of each runway in kilometers, decimeters, and
centimeters. Tabulate values accordingly.
Determine the area of each tract in square meters, square kilometers, ares, and hectares.
Given:
Solution:
= 𝟖𝟑𝟓𝟒. 𝟏𝟕𝟓 𝒎𝟐
2
𝐴 = 8354.175 𝑚2 × 1 𝑘𝑚
1000000 𝑚 2
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟖𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝒌𝒎𝟐
𝐴 = 8354.175 𝑚2 × 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒
100 𝑚 2
= 𝟎. 𝟖𝟑𝟓𝟒 𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔
b.) 𝐴 = 940.08𝑚 × 1296.73𝑚
= 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟐𝟗. 𝟗𝟒 𝒎𝟐
2
𝐴 = 1219029.94 𝑚2 × 1 𝑘𝑚
1000000 𝑚 2
= 𝟏. 𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟎𝟑 𝒌𝒎𝟐
𝐴 = 1219029.94 𝑚2 × 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2
100 𝑚
= 𝟏𝟐𝟏𝟗𝟎. 𝟑𝟎 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔
= 𝟔𝟔𝟗. 𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟖 𝒎𝟐
2
𝐴 = 669.0688 𝑚2 × 1 𝑘𝑚
1000000 𝑚 2
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟗 𝒌𝒎𝟐
𝐴 = 669.0688 𝑚2 × 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2
100 𝑚
= 𝟔. 𝟔𝟗𝟎𝟔𝟖𝟖 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟔𝟗𝟎𝟕 𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔
d.) 𝐴 = 1258.30𝑚 × 624.03𝑚
= 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟔. 𝟗𝟒𝟗𝒎𝟐
2
𝐴 = 785216.949 𝑚2 × 1 𝑘𝑚
1000000 𝑚 2
= 𝟎. 𝟕𝟖𝟓𝟐𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝒎𝟐
𝐴 = 785216.949 𝑚2 × 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2
100 𝑚
e.) 𝐴 = 8476.55𝑚 × 1 9 5 . 4 2 𝑚
= 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟗. 𝟎𝟐𝒎𝟐
2
𝐴 = 1032359.02 𝑚2 × 1 𝑘𝑚
10000002𝑚
= 𝟏. 𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑𝟓𝟗 𝒌𝒎𝟐
𝐴 = 1032359.02 𝑚2 × 1 𝑎𝑟𝑒 2
100 𝑚
= 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟐𝟑. 𝟓𝟗 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒔
4. VOLUME MEASUREMENTS. Following are the dimensions for length, width, and
depth of five excavated borrow pits for a highway project.
Given:
Required:
Illustration:
Solution:
Required:
Illustration:
Solution:
Given:
A=
42˚
05ʹ B
= 115˚
38ʹ C
= 22˚
08ʹ
Required:
) Illustration:
115˚ 38ʹ
A 42˚ 05ʹ
22˚ 08ʹ
C
Solution:
∠ x e c xˉ = 𝒙 + 𝒄
1
A 42˚ 05ʹ 9′ × = +3′ 𝟒𝟐˚ 𝟎𝟖’
3
1
B 115˚ 38ʹ 𝑒 = 𝛴𝑥 − 𝑇𝑣 9′ × = +3′ 𝟏𝟏𝟓˚ 𝟒𝟏’
3
= 179˚ 51’ − 180˚ 1
C 22˚ 08ʹ = +𝟗′ 9 × = +3′
′
𝟐𝟐˚ 𝟏𝟏’
3
Given:
A = 100˚
35ʹ 40ʺ B
= 118˚ 44ʹ
15ʺ C =
80˚ 54ʹ 35ʺ
D = 59˚
45ʹ 50ʺ
Required:
Illustration: A
Solution:
∠ x e c xˉ = 𝒙 + 𝒄
1
A 100˚ 35ʹ 40ʺ 20 × = −5"
"
𝟏𝟎𝟎˚ 𝟑𝟓’ 𝟑𝟓”
4
1
B 118˚ 44ʹ 15ʺ 20 × = −5"
"
𝟏𝟏𝟖˚ 𝟒𝟒’ 𝟏𝟎”
4
𝑒 = 𝛴𝑥 − 𝑇𝑣 1
C 80˚ 54ʹ 35ʺ = 360˚ 00’ 20" − 360˚ 20 × = −5"
"
𝟖𝟎˚ 𝟓𝟒’ 𝟑𝟎”
4
= −𝟐𝟎" 1
D 59˚ 45ʹ 50ʺ 20 × = −5"
"
𝟓𝟗˚ 𝟒𝟓’ 𝟒𝟓”
4
Total: 360˚ 00’ 20”
5. A surveying instructor sent all the 40 students in his class out to measure a
distance between two points marked on a runway. The students working in
groups of four came up with 10 different measurements as follows: 920.45,
921.05, 921.65, 920.25, 920.15, 921.85, 921.95, 920.45, 921.15, and 921.35
meters. Assuming these values are equally reliable and that variations result
only from accidental errors, determine the relative precision of a single
measurement and the relative precision of the mean.
Given:
Required:
Illustration:
x (m)
Pt. 1 Pt. 2
Solution:
𝒙 xˉ (𝑥 − xˉ )2
𝒏
(𝒎) (𝒎) (𝑚2)
1 920.45 0.3364
2 921.05 0.0004
3 921.65 0.3844
4 920.25 0.6084
5 920.15 0.7744
6 921.85 xˉ = 𝟗𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎 0.6724
7 921.95 0.8464
8 920.45 0.3364
9 921.15 0.0144
10 921.35 0.1024
10
𝑛=
𝛴𝑥 =
9210.3
𝛴(𝑥 − xˉ)2 =
4.076
Computation
xˉ = 𝜮𝒙
𝒏
𝟗𝟐𝟏𝟎.𝟑
xˉ =
𝟏𝟎
xˉ = 𝟗𝟐𝟏. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎
𝛴(𝑥−x
ˉ )2
𝑣=
𝑛−1
4.076
𝑣 =
10−1
𝑣 = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟓𝟐𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟗 𝒎𝟐
𝜎 =√
± 𝑣 𝑚𝜎 =± 𝜎
√𝑛
𝜎 = ±√0.4528888889 𝑚2 𝑚𝜎 = ± 0.0629701991
√10
𝑅𝑃𝑠 = 0.1435416914
0.4539183993 𝑅𝑃𝑚 =
921.03 921.03
(Weight – 4) Required:
Illustration:
Solution:
𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × x
Weather Weight
(𝑚) (𝑚)
Windy 338.65 1 338.65
Calm 338.37 4 1353.48
Total 5 1692.13
xˉ = 𝜮𝒙
𝒏
𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟐.𝟏𝟑
xˉ =
𝟓
xˉ = 𝟑𝟑𝟖. 𝟒𝟐𝟔𝒎
7. An angle ABC is measured at different times various instruments and procedures.
The results which are assigned certain weights, are as follows: 75˚ 09ʹ 26ʺ,
weight of 4; 75˚ 09ʹ 25ʺ, weight of 3; 75˚ 09ʹ 27ʺ, weight of 1. Determine the most
probable value of the angle measured.
Given:
∠ x weight
A 75˚ 09ʹ 26ʺ 4
B 75˚ 09ʹ 25ʺ 3
C 75˚ 09ʹ 27ʺ 1
Required:
Illustration:
B x
Solution C
𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × x
∠ Weight
(𝑚) (𝑚)
A 75˚ 09ʹ 26ʺ 4 300˚ 37ʹ 44ʺ
B 75˚ 09ʹ 25ʺ 3 225˚ 28ʹ 15ʺ
C 75˚ 09ʹ 27ʺ 1 75˚ 09ʹ 27ʺ
Total 601˚ 15ʹ 26ʺ 8 601˚ 15ʹ 26ʺ
xˉ = 𝜮
𝒏
Given:
a = 267.55 m
𝑃𝐸𝐴 = ±
0.05 m b
= 564.75
m
𝑃𝐸𝑏= ±
0.06 m C
= 57˚ 15ʹ
45ʺ
Required:
Area (A)
Probable Error of Area
(𝑃𝐸𝐴) Illustration:
B
𝐴 = 1 𝑎𝑏 sin 𝐶
2
𝑨 = 𝟔𝟑𝟓𝟒𝟖. 𝟗𝟑𝟒𝟏
𝑃𝐸𝐴 = ±𝑘√(𝑃𝐸)
Given:
AB = 134.10 m; PEAB = ±
0.040 m BC = 320.63 m;
PEBC = ± 0.055 m CD =
173.73 m; PECD = ± 0.056 m
DE = 160.85 m; PEDE = ±
0.050 m
Required:
Length (L)
Probable Error of the Length
(PEL) Illustration:
134.10
± 0.040 m 320.63 ± 0.055 m 173.73 ± 0.056 m 160.85 ± 0.050 m
A B C D E
Solution:
𝐿 = 𝐴𝐵 + 𝐵𝐶 + 𝐶𝐷 + 𝐷𝐸
𝑳 = 𝟕𝟖𝟗. 𝟑𝟏 𝒎
𝑷𝑬𝑳 = ±𝟎. 𝟎𝟏 𝒎
10. The four approximately equal sides of a tract of land were measured and the
measurements included the following errors: ± 0.085 m, ± 0.014 m, ± 0.0175
m, and
± 0.205 m, respectively. Determine the probable error for the total length (or
perimeter) of the tract.
Given:
PE1 = ± 0.085
m PE2 = ±
0.014 m PE3
= ± 0.0175 m
PE4 = ± 0.205
m
Required:
Probable Error
(PEP) Illustration:
Solution:
Given:
L = 226.25 m; PEL = ±
0.03 m W = 307.28 m;
PEW = ± 0.04 m
Required:
Area (A)
Probable Error of the Area (PEA)
Illustration:
L = 226.25 ± 0.03 m
W = 307.28 ± 0.04 m
Solution:
Plane surveying is the survey in which the earth surface is assumed to be plane
and the curvature of the earth is ignored. The correct answer is c.
meridional quadrant
b.) 650,736.37 wavelengths of the bright-red light produced by burning silver
electrodes c.) 39.27 inches
d.) 0.001 kilometers
e.) 1,650,763.73 wavelengths of the orange-red light produced by burning krypton
at a specified energy level in the spectrum.
Degree, minute, and second are the sexagesimal units of angular measurement.
The answer is b.
Answer: b
17. A line, known to be 150.000 m long, is measured five times with a steel tape in
the following order: 150.004, 149.998, 149.997, 150.005, and 149.996 meters,
respectively. The more accurate of the five measurements is the
a.) 1st
measurement
b.) 2nd
measurement
c.) 3rd
measurement
d.) 4th
measurement
e.) 5th
measurement
Answer: b
18. If for particular measurement the probable error of the mean is 0.09 m and the
most probable value of the measurement is 362.70 m, the relative precision
would be expressed as
a.)
1/4030
b.)
0.0002
48
c.) 1:362.70
d.)
1:0.
09
e.)
1/3
63
Given:
𝑃𝐸𝑚 = ± 0.09 𝑚
𝑥 = 362.70 𝑚
Required:
Relative Precision
(RP) Solution:
𝑃𝐸𝑚
𝑅𝑃 =
𝑥
0.09
𝑅𝑃 =
362.70
𝑅𝑃 = 1
4030
Answer: letter a
20. The interior angles of a hexagon were observed and recorded as follows: A =
122˚ 31ʹ 02ʺ, B = 123˚ 26ʹ 17ʺ, C = 130˚ 05ʹ 07ʺ, D = 120˚ 15ʹ 47ʺ, E = 160˚ 50ʹ
35ʺ, and F = 62˚ 53ʹ 07ʺ. The discrepancy of the measurement is
a.)
0ʹ
30ʺ
b.)
2ʹ
30ʺ
c.)
1ʹ
00ʺ
d.)
2ʹ
50ʺ
e.)
1ʹ
30ʺ
Given:
A = 122˚
31ʹ 02ʺ B =
123˚ 26ʹ
17ʺ C =
130˚ 05ʹ
07ʺ D =
120˚ 15ʹ
47ʺ E =
160˚ 50ʹ
35ʺ F =
62˚ 53ʹ 07ʺ
Required:
Discrepancy (d)
Illustratio
n: B
C
123˚ 26ʹ 17ʺ
130˚ 05ʹ
A 122˚ 31ʹ 02ʺ 07ʺ
120˚ 15ʹ 47ʺ D
Solutio
n:
∠ x
A 122˚ 31ʹ 02ʺ
B 123˚ 26ʹ 17ʺ
C 130˚ 05ʹ 07ʺ
D 120˚ 15ʹ 47ʺ
E 160˚ 50ʹ 35ʺ
F 62˚ 53ʹ 07ʺ
TOTAL 720˚ 01ʹ 55ʺ
Computation
𝑛=6
∠𝑖𝑇 = (𝑛 − 2)180˚
∠𝑖𝑇 = (6 − 2)180˚
∠𝑖𝑇 = 720˚
𝑑 = |720˚ 01′55"|
𝒅 = 𝟎𝟏′𝟓𝟓"
21. Five measurements were made to determine the length of a line and recorded
as follows: 350.33, 350.22, 350.30, 350.27, 350.30 meters. If these
measurements were given weights of 4, 5, 1, 4, and 6, respectively, the most
probable value of the length measured is
a.) 350.26 m
b.) 350.29 m
c.) 350. 30 m
d.) 350.27 m
e.) 350.28 m
Given:
350.33 m (weight = 4)
350.22 m (weight = 5)
350.30 m (weight = 1)
350.27 m (weight = 4)
350.30 m
(weight = 6)
Required:
Pt. 1 Pt. 2
Solution
𝑥 𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 × x
Weight
(𝑚) (𝑚)
350.33 4 1401.32
350.22 5 1751.10
350.30 1 350.30
350.27 4 1401.08
350.30 6 2101.80
TOTAL 20 7005.60
(𝑊×𝑥)
𝑥=𝛴
𝑊
7005.60
𝑥=
20
𝑥 = 350.28 𝑚
Answer: letter e
22. The base and altitude of a triangular lot were measured with certain estimated
probable errors as follows: b = 215.50 ± 0.18 m and h = 69.40 ± 0.16 m. The true
area of the lot probably
Given:
b = 215.50 m; PEb = ±
0.18 m h = 69.40 m; PEh
= ± 0.16 m
Required:
215.50 ± 0.18 m
Solution:
𝐴 = 1 𝑏ℎ 𝑃𝐸𝐴 = ± 1 √(215.50 × 0.16)2 + (69.40 × 0.18)2
2 2
𝐴 = 7477.85 𝑚2
Answer: The Area of the lot is 𝟕𝟒𝟕𝟕. 𝟖𝟓 ± 𝟏𝟖. 𝟑𝟒 𝒎𝟐 and it falls between
7451.51 m2 to 7496.19 m2.