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Example Problems For Beam-Columns: 300kN 100kN
Example Problems For Beam-Columns: 300kN 100kN
1
k x .lx 1.0 2800 mm
31.35
rx 89.3 mm
k y .l y 1.0 2800 mm
54.05
ry 51.8 mm
k .l
-thus, slenderness ratio to determine allowable compressive stress is, 54.05
r
-using tables of allowable compressive stress, Fa 124 N mm2
-stresses developed in trial section due to service design loads,
P 400103
fa 52.56 N mm2
A 7610
M 40106
fbx 68.96 N mm2
S x 580103
1.03106 1.03106
1
Fex 1048.0 N mm2
k x .lx rx 2 31.352
-Check stability criteria, fa Fa 52.56 124.0 0.424 0.15
-therefore, the following stress interaction equation with amplification factor is used to check
adequacy of trial section:
fa Cm f
bx 1.0
Fa (1 f a Fex
1
) Fbx
52.56 0.6 68.96
0.714 1.0 --Ok!
124.0 (1 52.56 1048.0) 150
-additional check for yielding using,
fa f
bx 1.0
0.6 Fy Fbx
52.56 68.96
0.81 1.0 --Ok!
0.6 250 150
-therefore, 1st trial section is adequate, but not the lightest section.
2
k .l
-thus, slenderness ratio to determine allowable compressive stress is, 54.3
r
-using tables of allowable compressive stress, Fa 123.8 N mm2
-stresses developed in trial section due to service design loads,
P 400103
fa 60.2 N mm2
A 6640
M 40106
fbx 78.6 N mm2
S x 509103
1.03106 1.03106
1
Fex 1038.0 N mm2
k x .lx rx
2
31.52
-Check stability criteria, fa Fa 60.2 123.8 0.486 0.15
-therefore, the following stress interaction equation with amplification factor is used to check
adequacy of trial section:
fa Cm f
bx 1.0
Fa (1 f a Fex
1
) F bx
60.2 0.6 78.6
0.82 1.0 --Ok!
123.8 (1 60.2 1038.0) 150
-additional check for yielding using,
fa f
bx 1.0
0.6 Fy Fbx
60.2 78.6
0.925 1.0 --Ok!
0.6 250 150
-therefore, 2nd trial section is adequate. W-200x52 is the lightest section selected for member.
2) Select a suitable profile of S-shapes for beam-column loaded laterally to cause bending about
stronger axis due to service design transverse load in addition to service design axial
compressive load as shown below. Sections are made of A-50 steel Fy 345MPa .
Solution 200kN
-member is subjected to combined action of:
P 200kN &
qd . l 2 6 32
M 6.75kN m
8 8
6 kN m
-let allowable bending stress of trial section be,
Fbx 0.6Fy 0.6 345 207 N mm 2
l 3 m
-and, allowable compressive stress of trail section,
Fa 60 N mm2
-area of trial section is estimated using interaction equation
without amplification factor,
P
Areq.
M
. Bx
Fa Fbx
A
-where Bx ---bending factor of section, the same values for one depth group of sections
Sx
-If selected among S-250 depth group, Bx 0.0138
-therefore, required area of trial section
200103 6.75106
Areq. 0.0138 3783.3 mm2
60 207
3
1st trial: S-250x37.8
A 4806mm 2 , S x 406 10 3 mm 3 , rx 104mm, ry 24.2mm
b f 118mm, t f 12.5mm, t w 7.9mm & d 254mm
-Un-braced length of compression flange of section lb 3 m
-check adequacy of lateral bracing of compression flange!
-Limiting un-braced lengths of compression flange (AISC),
0.2b f 0.2 118
l1 1.27 m
Fy 345
139b f . t f 139 118 12.5
l2 2.34 m
Fy . d 345 254
-therefore, lc 1.27 m & lu 2.34m
-since lb 3 m lu 2.34m , then Fbx 0.6Fy 0.6 345 207 N mm 2
-allowable bending stress in such case is obtained as the larger of the following (AISC),
1.17 10 6 C b lb 3.54 10 6 C b
Fb1 with
l b rf
2
rT Fy
82700 Cb . b f . t f
and, Fb 2
lb . d
where Cb 1.0 (simply supported beam)
bf 118
rT 34.06 mm
12 12
lb 3000 3.54 10 6 1.0 lb
check 88.08 101.3 thus, 101.3
rT 34.06 345 rT
1.17 10 6 1.0
-then, Fb1 114.0 N mm 2
101.3 2
4
M 6.75106
fbx 16.6 N mm2
Sx 406103
1.03106 1.03106
1
Fex 1241.8 N mm2
k x .lx rx 2 28.82
-Check stability criteria, fa Fa 41.6 67.0 0.62 0.15
-therefore, the following stress interaction equation with amplification factor is used to check
adequacy of trial section:
fa Cm f
bx 1.0
Fa (1 f a Fex ) Fbx
1
3) For beam-column as shown below, which is subjected to service design axial compressive load
in addition to bending about stronger axis due to service design end moment 35kN-m, select the
lightest W-section made of A-36 steel Fy 250MPa . The member may be assumed pinned at
top and bottom. In addition, it has weak direction support at mid height.
P 250 kN P 250 kN
M x 35kN m
2.5 m
Cross-beam
5m
2.5 m
For buckling For buckling
in x-direction in y-direction
Solution
-member is subjected to combined action of:
P 250kN & M 35kN m
-let allowable bending stress of trial section,
Fbx 0.6Fy 0.6 250 150 N mm 2
-and, allowable compressive stress of trail section be,
Fa 100N mm2
-area of trial section is estimated using interaction equation without amplification factor,
5
P
Areq.
M
. Bx
Fa Fbx
A
-where Bx ---bending factor of section, the same values for one depth group of sections
Sx
-If selected among W-200 depth group, Bx 0.0133
-therefore, required area of trial section
250103 35106
Areq. 0.0133 5603.3 mm2
100 150
1st trial: W-200x46
A 5884mm 2 , S x 45110 3 mm 3 , rx 88.2mm, ry 51.2mm
b f 203mm, t f 11mm, t w 7.3mm & d 203mm
-Un-braced length of compression flange of section lb 2.5 m
-check adequacy of lateral bracing of compression flange!
-Limiting un-braced lengths of compression flange (AISC),
0.2b f 0.2 203
l1 2.57 m
Fy 250
139b f . t f 139 203 11
l2 6.12 m
Fy . d 250 203
-therefore, lc 2.57 m & lu 6.12m
-since lb 2.5 m lc 2.57m , thus Fbx depends on section geometry!
-Check whether section-geometry of trial section compact or not!
bf 170 203 170
9.23 10.75 ok!
2t f Fy 2 11 250
d 1690 203 1690
27.81 106.88 ok!
tw Fy 7.3 250
-therefore, trial section is compact. Thus, Fbx 0.66Fy 0.66 250 165 N mm 2
-effective length factors and unsupported length of member in both directions are,
k x k y 1.0 , lx 5 m & l y 2.5 m
-interaction reduction factor, Cm 0.6
-then, slenderness ratio of trial section,
k x .lx 1.0 5000 mm
56.7
rx 88.2 mm
k y .l y 1.0 2500 mm
48.8
ry 51.2 mm
k .l
-thus, slenderness ratio to determine allowable compressive stress is, 56.7
r
-using tables of allowable compressive stress, Fa 122.3 N mm2
-stresses developed in trial section due to service design loads,
P 250103
fa 42.5 N mm2
A 5884
M 35106
fbx 77.6 N mm2
S x 451103
6
1.03106 1.03106
1
Fex 320.4 N mm2
k x .lx rx 2
56.72
-Check stability criteria, fa Fa 42.5 122.3 0.3475 0.15
-therefore, the following stress interaction equation with amplification factor is used to check
adequacy of trial section:
fa Cm f
bx 1.0
Fa (1 f a Fex
1
) Fbx
42.5 0.6 77.6
0.673 1.0 --Ok!
122.3 (1 42.5 320.4) 165
-additional check for yielding using,
fa f
bx 1.0
0.6 Fy Fbx
42.5 77.6
0.754 1.0 --Ok!
0.6 250 165
-therefore, 1st trial section is adequate, but not the lightest section.
2nd trial: W-200x42
A 5310mm 2 , S x 398 10 3 mm 3 , rx 87.6mm, ry 41.1mm
b f 166mm, t f 11.8mm, t w 7.2mm & d 205mm
-check adequacy of lateral bracing of compression flange!
-Limiting un-braced lengths of compression flange (AISC),
0.2b f 0.2 166
l1 2.1 m
Fy 250
139b f . t f 139 166 11.8
l2 5.31 m
Fy . d 250 205
-therefore, lc 2.1m & lu 5.31m
-since lc lb 2.5 m lu , then Fbx 0.6Fy 0.6 250 150 N mm 2
-and, slenderness ratio of 2nd trial section,
k x .lx 1.0 5000 mm
57.1
rx 87.6 mm
k y .l y 1.0 2500 mm
60.8
ry 41.1 mm
k .l
-thus, slenderness ratio to determine allowable compressive stress is, 60.8
r
-using tables of allowable compressive stress, Fa 119.6 N mm2
-stresses developed in trial section due to service design loads,
P 250103
fa 47.1 N mm2
A 5310
M 35106
fbx 87.9 N mm2
S x 398103
1.03106 1.03106
1
Fex 315.9 N mm2
k x .lx rx 2
57.12
-Check stability criteria, fa Fa 47.1 119.6 0.3938 0.15
-therefore, the following stress interaction equation with amplification factor is used to check
adequacy of trial section:
7
fa Cm f
bx 1.0
Fa (1 f a Fex
1
) Fbx
47.1 0.6 87.9
0.807 1.0 --Ok!
119.6 (1 47.1 315.9) 150
-additional check for yielding using,
fa f
bx 1.0
0.6 Fy Fbx
47.1 87.9
0.90 1.0 --Ok!
0.6 250 150
-therefore, W-200x42 can be selected.
4) Design steel column base-plate for a steel column made of W-360x110 to transfer a service
axial-compressive load of 1670kN to concrete footing as shown below. Assume area of steel
base-plate is the same as area of concrete footing. Plates are made of A-36 steel Fy 250MPa .
28 days compressive cylinder strength of concrete is fc| 20 MPa .
P 1670kN
tp
B 0.8b f
n
m 0.95d m
Solution
For W-360x110 section: b f 256mm, d 360mm
-allowable bearing capacity of concrete footing if area of steel base-plate is the same as area of
concrete footing (AISC), Fpc 0.35 fc| 0.35 20 7 N mm2
-required area of base-plate is determined by limiting contact pressure between plate and
footing to the allowable bearing capacity of concrete footing as,
P 1670103
( B C )req. 238571.43mm2
Fpc 7
-dimensions of base-plate in terms of critical section for bending of plate (AISC) are,
B 0.8b f 2n , C 0.95d 2m & m n
-and, substituting into the required area of base-plate,
(0.8b f 2m) (0.95d 2m) 238571.43mm2
-substituting dimensions of column section,
(0.8 256 2m) (0.95360 2m) 238571.43
(204.8 2m) (342 2m) 238571.43
70041.6 1093.6m 4m2 238571.43
4m2 1093.6m 168529.83 0
-solving for m, m 109.9 mm & n 109.9 mm
8
-thus, B 0.8b f 2n 0.8 256 2109.9 424.6 mm
C 0.95d 2m 0.95360 2109.9 561.8 mm
-use: B 425mm, C 565mm, and m n 110mm
6M 6 42077.75
-then, t p (req.) 36.7mm -take t p 38mm
Fb 0.75 250
-therefore, use column base-plate with B 425mm, C 565mm, and t p 38mm .
9
Exercise Problems
1) Select the lightest W-section for beam-column subjected to service design loads as shown
below. The member is part of a braced building frame and has support in the weak direction at
mid-height; and only at top and bottom for the strong direction. These supports are to be
assumed as hinged. Sections are made of A-36 steel Fy 250MPa .
P 130 kN P 130 kN
2.4 m
2.4 m
Cross-beam
H 30 kN
0.2 f a
2.4 m Cm 1.0
Fex| 2.4 m
2) Select the lightest W-section for beam-column shown below subjected to a service design axial
compression in addition to service design biaxial bending moments in both directions.
Sections are made of A-36 steel Fy 250MPa .
P 250 kN P 250 kN
M x 35kN m M y 8kN m
M x 35kN m M y 8 kN m
2.5 m
Cross-beam
2kN-m
2.5 m
3) Redesign steel column base-plate for the same steel column given in exercise-problem made of
W-360x110 to transfer a service design load moment of 265kN-m in addition to axial-
compressive load of 1670kN to concrete footing. Use the same data given in exercise-problem.
10