9

be
Department of Education
National Capital Region
SCHOOLS DIVISION OFFICE
MARIKINA CITY

Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health

HEALTH EDUCATION
Third Quarter – Module 1:
Unintentional Injury, Primary and Secondary Survey

Writer: Rodulfo DV. Valerio Jr.

Cover Illustrator: John Orville S. Munar

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and developed to train and equip you with the necessary skills
and knowledge on how to become a first aider especially in times of emergency.
This module deals with an essential competency wherein you will participate in
assessing unintentional injuries especially in giving first aid.
At the end of this module, you are expected to:
1. demonstrate the conduct of primary and secondary surveys. H9IS-IIIb-37
2. assess emergency situations for unintentional injuries. H9IS-IIIb-38
3. explain the principles of wound dressing,H9IS-III and
4. demonstrate appropriate bandaging techniques for unintentional injuries. H9IS-
IIIc.d41

What I Know

Good day, dear explorer! A lot is waiting for you as you go along walking through this
module. But wait, I have something here for you to test how much you know about
handling emergency situation

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Give your idea on the following

1. first aid
2. dressing
3. primary survey
4. unintentional injury
5. bandaging
6. secondary survey
7. wound
8-10 examples of common unintentional injury example of wound

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 What’s In
Activity: PICTURE ANALYSIS
Study the pictures. How are they related? What single words can you give to describe
the situations> List them down in your notebook.

https://pixabay.com/ro/photos/ ttps://commons.wikimedia.org/
accident-prejudiciu-risc-994009/ wiki/File:Two-person-carry.png
HYPERLINK
"https://www.flickr.com/photos/kron
ny/7833240204/" \h
https://www.flickr.com/photo
Guide Questions:
1. What is shown in the first picture? second picture?
2. Are the accidents/ injuries intentional? Justify your answer.
3. What is shown in the third picture? Explain your answer orally.
4. If you were on the scene of an incident or accident, what would you do to help
the victim?
5. What other unintentional accidents are happening today?

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES, PREVENTION, SAFETY

AND FIRST AID

There is no such thing as a safe place unless a person is conscious or aware of his or her
own safety. The home, community, school and your surroundings is often a site of possible
injury. It's either in the form of an accident or incidents, intentional or unintentional.
That is why, always bear in mind the precautionary saying, “SAFETY FIRST” before
anything else. Learning First Aid is the key to SAFETY.

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 What’s New
What unintentional accidents are shown in these pictures?
Read the news that follows and answer the questions below.

https://pixabay.com/ro/photos/search/drown/
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Drowning_in_a_matelrialistic_world.jpg

PNP records more than 30 deaths due to drowning

Published April 20, 2019, 3:24 PM
by Francine Ciasico
By Aaron Recuenco
The Philippine National Police (PNP) on Saturday advised the public to keep an eye
on children—and relatives who are too drunk to swim—while on the beach and swimming
pool after it received more than 30 incidents of death due to drowning across the country
in just a span of two weeks.
The data, however, has yet to include two cases of drowning in Calapan City and
Pinamalayan town both in Oriental Mindoro that both occurred on Black Friday.
PNP spokesman Col. Bernard Banac said there were already 30 drowning cases reported
across the country from April 5 to April 18. The deaths include some children.
“We encourage the public to be careful while on the beach and swimming pool. If
you plan to swim on a beach, you have to make sure that you are in the company of people
who know how to swim,” said Banac.
He said that parents and guardians should also keep an eye on children while in the pool
or beach resorts.
In Calapan City, a cadaver of a man was seen floating off the waters of Barangay
Pachoca at around 4 p.m. on Friday, according to Police Lt. Col. Socrates Faltado,
spokesman of the MIMAROPA (Mindoro Occidental and Oriental, Marinduque, Romblon,
Palawan) regional police.
The victim, he said, was believed to have drowned in a nearby area.
In Pinamalayan town, Faltado said a 42-year old man also drowned in the waters of
Barangay Papandayan at around 3:30 p.m. on Friday.
He said the relatives and the victims had a picnic near the shoreline of the barangay
and while on their way home, the victim decided to run towards the sea to swim.
Minutes later, he was seen asking for help which prompted his son to rescue him.
But the son lost grip of the arm of the victim until the latter was carried away by strong
waves.
His body was recovered later.

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 Earlier, four people were reported missing after the motorized banca they were
riding capsized off the waters of Catanduanes.
Incidents of drowning are common during the dry season, or summer vacation, as
thousands of people go to the beach resorts and pools to enjoy their vacation.
https://mb.com.ph/2019/04/20/pnp-records-more-than-30-deaths-due-to-drowning/

Questions:
1. What is the news all about?
2. When and where did it/ they happen?
3. What is the moral lesson of the news?
4. Have you encountered a situation like this? Share your experience.
5. What did you do or what first move did the people do to the situation

What is It

UNINTENTIONAL INJURIES.
Drowning, motor vehicle crashes, and falls, are some of the unintentional injuries or accidents.
Unintentional injuries refer to injuries that are unplanned and typically preventable
when. proper safety precautions are followed like first aid. You need to conduct a
primary and secondary survey of the victim, before you can make first aid.
The primary survey is a quick way to find out how to treat any life threatening
conditions a casualty may have in order of priority. We can use DRABC to do this:
Danger, Response, Airway, Breathing and Circulation.
The secondary assessment is used after a primary assessment has been done. This is
where the clinician goes through step by step head-to-toe to figure out what happened.
This can include but is not limited to inspection, bony and soft tissue palpation, special
tests, circulation, and neurological.
First Aid
● Is an immediate and temporary care given to a person who suddenly gets ill or
injured.
❖ It includes self-help and home care if medical assistance is not available or
delayed.
❖ It can mean the difference between life and death in extreme cases.

Roles of First Aid

1. It is a bridge that feels the gap between the victim and the physician
2. It is not intended to compete with or to take place of the services of the physician
3. It ends when the services of the physician begins.
Objectives of First Aid
1. To save lives 2. To prolong life
3. To alleviate suffering 4. To prevent further injury
Characteristics of a Good First Aider
1. Gentle- does not cause pain and panic
2. Observant- notices all signs
3. Resourceful- makes the best use of things at hand

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4. Tactful- does not frighten the victim
5. Sympathetic- comforts and reassures the victim
Principles of First Aid
Do’s
1. Stay calm 2. Reassure and comfort the victim 3. Check for medical bracelet
4. Loosen any tight clothing 5. Keep the victim covered to reduce shock
Don’ts
1. Don’t give food and drink to an unconscious person
2. Don’t move an injured person unless you need to place him/her in the recovery
position
Steps in Assessing Emergency Situations
1. Is anyone in danger?
If yes, can the danger be easily managed? If it cannot, call for emergency help
and protect the scene. Move to the quietest victim Gently shake the shoulders
and ask questions. hey hey are you okay
2. If the victim responds, treat any life-threatening conditions
3. If there is no response,
❖ check the airway Open the airway
❖ Do the “Head Tilt- Chin Lift Method”
❖ Check for breathing If breathing,
❖ check for any life-threatening conditions If not breathing, rescue
breaths
4. If rescuer is alone, call for ambulance Look for signs of circulation
5. If the victim is a child or an adult who has suffered from a drowning or accident,
proceed directly to CPR. Otherwise, look for signs of life such as movement
and normal skin color
Source: retrieved from https://www.coursehero.com/file/54716531/First-Aid-is-an-immediate-and-temporary-
carepptx/
Other common injuries that need first aid are:
● Burn: ...
● Insect Bite/Sting: ...
● Splinter: ...
● Sunburn: ...
● Nosebleed: ...
● Sprains, Strains, and Tears: ...
● Fractures, Cut/Scrape and wounds

Wounds are a break in the continuity of a tissue in the body. It may be closed in which
there is no break or damage in the skin. It is also called hematoma or contusions. You
can Rinse the cut or wound with water and apply pressure with sterile gauze, a
bandage, or a clean cloth. If blood soaks through the bandage, place another bandage
on top of the first and keep applying pressure. Raise the injured body part to slow
bleeding. When bleeding stops, cover the wound with a new, clean bandage. A wound
dressing is anything that is used in direct contact with a wound to help it heal and
prevent further issues or complications1. Different wound dressings are used based on
the type of the wound, but they all aim to help reduce infection.

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 Dressing and Bandaging

https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-
vector/first-aid-hands-doing-dressing-bandage- https://pixabay.com/ro/photos/search/eme
vector-27648536 rgency%20room/

Bandages • have three key uses:

1. applying pressure to bleeding wounds;
2. covering wounds and burns;
3. and providing support and immobilization for broken bones, sprains, and strains. •
These include gauze, triangular, Elastic, and tubular bandages.
Two Phases of Bandaging

https://www.vectorstock.com/ro
yalty-free-vector/first-aid-hands-
doing-dressing-bandage-vector-
27648536

Open Phase
Bandaging-head
topside, face back
of the head, chest,
back of the chest
hand and foot.

Cravat Phase
bandaging-
forehead, eye,
ears, cheek, jaw,
shoulder, hip,
arms and legs

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 What’s More
Answer the following orally or in writing.
A. Explain or give examples of the unintentional injuries.
B. Define and compare primary and secondary surveys.
C. How will you demonstrate the conduct of primary and secondary surveys of the
victim?
D. Explains the principles of wound dressing

What I Have Learned

Write your answers on the following questions;
1. What is unintentional injury?
2. What are examples of unintentional injury?
3. What is the first thing to do in an injury / accident?
4. What is a primary and secondary survey?
5. How will you do the primary and secondary survey?

What I Can Do
What common injuries are happening inside your house? List down at least three and
write what first aid is needed to apply. Put the answers in your notebook.

Assessment
Write the letter of the correct answer.
1. What is the immediate care given to a person who is injured or suddenly ill?
A. First Aid B. Bandaging C. Dressing d. Transporting

2. Which of the following is NOT an objective of First Aid?

A. to prolong life C. to alleviate suffering
B. to prevent further injury D. to call for help

3. The following are strategies in the prevention of to much lost of blood from the
wound. Which one is not included?
A. apply pressure to the wounded area C. apply dressing to the wound
B. elevate the affected area D. wash the wound with clean water

4. Which is a piece of sterile cloth that is used to cover the wound and stop bleeding?
A. bandage B. blanket C. cotton D. dressing

5. Which is used to apply pressure or in holding the dressing and sling to affected body
parts.
A. First Aid B. Bandage C. Dressing D. Transporting

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Write TRUE if the statement is correct, if FALSE ,change the underlined word to make it correct.
Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.
6. In an emergency situation, it is important to call for help first before giving first aid.
7. In taking care of a wound, the first thing to do is to stop the bleeding.
8. To stop severe bleeding, apply direct pressure and elevate only
9. Panic can help prevent serious illness and save lives.
10. Call 911 in time of emergency in Marikina City.
Define or

Additional Activities

LET’S PRACTICE
Practice the following bandaging shown in the topic bandages

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 DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE
9 City of Good Character
27648536
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/first-aid-hands-doing-dressing-bandage-vector-
27648536
https://www.vectorstock.com/royalty-free-vector/first-aid-hands-doing-dressing-bandage-vector-
https://www.slideshare.net/AbdulWahab360/types-of-wounds-and-management
https://www.dailystar.co.uk/news/latest-news/school-accidents-net-students-3-17037671
causes/
https://www.windycitizen.com/hundreds-of-pedestrians-still-die-each-year-here-are-3-common-
and-how-to-treat-them/
https://www.benenden.co.uk/be-healthy/lifestyle/10-most-common-accidents-in-the-home-
Images
https://www.slideshare.net/AbdulWahab360/types-of-wounds-and-management
2017
Department of Education, Physical Education and Health 9 Learner’s Material, First Edition,
Enjoy life with P.E and Health II, teachers manual
Books
References
What I Know What’s New What I have learned Assessment
1. immediate and temporary 1.deaths /drowning 1.unplanned/ 1. a
care given to a person who 2. 2019/ Mindoro accident 2. d
suddenly gets ill /Bicol/Catanduanes 2.wound bike 3. d
2.s anything that is used in 3. always keep safe accident, drowning… 4. c
direct contact with a wound and be careful & 3. do the primary & 5. b
to help it heal’ alert secondary survey/ II-
3. is a quick way to find out 4.to observe, first aid 6. true
how to treat any life conduct the survey, 4.primary- quick way 7. true
threatening give first aid to find out how to 8. false-apply
4.unplanned/ accident treat the victim. dressing
5.open Secondary-goes 9. false-Calm
6.Covering a break in the skin through step by step 10. false-161
7. used after a primary head-to-toe to figure
assessment has been done. out
8. break in the continuity
of a tissue in the body.
9-10 drowning, bike
accident, falling
Answer Key
 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Rodulfo DV. Valerio Jr.

Editors: Veronica A. Cena
Layout Artist: Maria Isabel G. Tutor
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Jovita Consortia Mani

EPS-MAPEH

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

EPS – LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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