Test I. Views of Excellence (25 pts.

Contingency theories of Leadership

Based on the “Contingency Theories of Leadership”, traditional theorists

commonly claim that leadership theories have to be situationally contingent. The
different leadership principles have to apply in different situations (Locke). The
idea is that the manager’s behavior should be contingent on at least four aspects
of a situation. (Explore )

1. The nature of the people being managed

2. Characteristics of the work itself
3. The relationship between the manager and employees
4. The manager’s personality and preferred management style.

Dimension: Conformance and reputation

ANSWER TEST I:

Based on the given Contingency Theories of Leadership description above, I can

relate two other premises that are relatively new and relevant. In the changed
time driven by Millenials, most leadership styles and scenarios are commonly
discussed in an app called “LinkedIn”. Indirectly, this app calls for managers,
VP’s and regular and influencer employees both with graduate studies and not
to share experiences on how the above context were experienced in real life and
how they were resolved. First, for an individual whom encountered business
organization management course, the CTL’s four premise is all defined in a Multi
stream management style. Wherein, the context of Managing a certain company
breaks the old cliché in terms of management style which is to maximize the
company profits at all cost. In multi stream management style, all stakeholders
are involved and are given importance to for better and efficient management. All
stakeholders both internal and external are of balanced importance to have a

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long running and prolific business. Meanwhile, the internal implication of the four
premises about can be found in a meaningful Strengths and Weaknesses of a
company SWOT.
Relatively, if the above premises are analysed carefully, it will create a matching
points that needs to be balanced. Say for example, The Manager’s personality
and preferred management style is a match to The Relationship between the
manager and the employees, while the characteristic of the work itself is a match
for the Nature of the people being managed. How? If the Manager’s personality
is crucial that he/she can be an influence to the group’s performance thus,
building their rapport and camaraderie. On the other hand, the ever unique work
styles of different employees should be matched to the flexible characteristic of
the work itself. But as contingency is concerned, these relationship in application
can be matched in different orders but of same importance and goal. To be able
to adjust and excel on the roles that are given and have a holistic positive impact
to the organization.

Test II- Give at least 4 Filipino government offices and explain their Philosophies
ideas by giving specific example (25 pts.)

ANSWER TEST II:

Organizational philosophy serves as the guiding principles and beliefs under

which the members of the organization strive to achieve their mission, goals, and
objectives. Like that of the for-profit organizations, government offices are
expected to also have sets of values or principles to guide them and serve as the
organization’s philosophy.

Case 1: Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR)

The primary mission of BIR is to collect taxes through just enforcement of tax
laws for nation-building and the upliftment of the lives of Filipinos. To realize this

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mission, it is their philosophy to ensure service excellence with integrity and
professionalism. This is the reason why there have been so many tax-evading
cases being brought to courts as part of their Run after Tax Evaders Program.
This goes to show that they believe that in fair implementation of law wherein all
Filipinos are equal even if they belong to different social classes.

Case 2: Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)

DTI’s 2022 vision is to ensure a more inclusive and prosperous Philippines with
employment and income opportunities for all. To realize this mission, they are
being guided by the following values: Passion, Integrity, Creativity, Competence,
Synergy, and Love of Country. They have the philosophy of enabling business
and empowering consumers. This philosophy has been the primary objective of
pursuing the Philippine Development Plan (PDP) 2017-2022 which include to
reduce inequality and poverty by expanding economic opportunities in industry
and services, and by increasing the access particularly of micro, small and
medium enterprises (MSMEs), cooperatives and overseas Filipinos (OFs) to
these opportunities. Currently, they were able to increase local and foreign
investments enabling goods and services improve thru competition which will
then benefit all consumers.

Case 3: Department of Health (DOH)

DOH’s mission is to guarantee equitable, sustainable and quality health for all
Filipinos, especially the poor, and to lead the quest for excellence in health. It is
their philosophy to provide quality health for all because they believe that not only
those who belong to Social Classes A and B can access quality health but also
those who belong to the rest of the social classes. This philosophy has been their
guide in devising programs that would benefit all Filipinos especially the poor.
Examples of these programs are Essential Newborn Care, Expanded Program
on Immunization, Blood Donation, Dengue and Diabetes Prevention and Control.

Case 4: Commission on Higher Education (CHED)

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CHED’s mission is to promote relevant and quality higher education (i.e. higher
education institutions and programs are at par with international standards and
graduates and professionals are highly competent and recognized in the
international arena), ensure that quality higher education is accessible to all who
seek it particularly those who may not be able to afford, Guarantee and protect
academic freedom for continuing intellectual growth, advancement of learning
and research, development of responsible and effective leadership, education of
high level professionals, and enrichment of historical and cultural heritages; and
Commit to moral ascendancy that eradicates corrupt practices, institutionalizes
transparency and accountability and encourages participatory governance in the
commission. These shows that the Commission on Higher Education’s
philosophical virtue is bonded with its willingness to create high level of
standards that can echo down on the aspiring professionals carrying the virtues
of competency, wisdom and nationalism.

Test III- Explain the programs of the President Rodrigo Duterte and compare it
with the JPL’s Educational Ideas and writings and philosophies. (25 pts.)

ANSWER TEST III:

Explain the programs of PDU30 and compare with JPL’s educational ideas and
writings and philosophies

Background:

Former president Jose P Laurel was the 3 rd president of the Philippines. He is an

example of a man who climbed his ladder to the top. His regime was one of the
most controversial and even tagged as a Puppet Government due to the invasion

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of the Japanese. Many looked up to him as a traitor, rather than a neutralizer to
the Japanese invasion. Despite the circumstance that Pres. JPL was into, he was
a Political Philosopher and a fan of democracy. He believes in a government
powered by the people and though not practiced, his writings and educational
background described a man that is hungry for knowledge and if only given the
chance, would have been better.

75 years later, President Rodrigo Duterte is a president chosen by the people to

eliminate the abuse and corruption of the democracy here in the country. In
contrary to JPL, Pres Duterte served only as a Davao Mayor and rose to fame
due to his famous arms of steel governance.

Programs and Presidency:

The major difference that gives highlight to the two presidents within their terms
is the circumstance. Pres JPL’s term is deprived of democracy while PDu30’s
term tends to control abuse of over democracy. According to my readings, Pres
JP Laurel’s presidency served as a diplomatic mediator of the Japanese
invasion, the US, the selfish Filipinos who wants to take advantage, and the poor
Filipinos that were supressed in between. Pres Laurel believed in the power and
functions of the different branches of the Philippine Government, yet though he
rose to power during the Japanese invasion, his loyalty was to the Filipino
people. The circumstance that he has is very difficult to handle as most of the
Filipinos are actively resistant to the invasion. He knew that full resistance was a
wrong move but rather a more diplomatic approach is the key so that the
Japanese invaders may allow him to solve the nation’s problem of hunger and
suppression during his time. Based on my readings, I conclude that Pres. JP
Laurel was underappreciated due to the circumstance that he went through and
the pain that our fellow Filipinos experienced. The desire for a democratic nation
I think is normal after the 300 years invasion from the Spanish invaders.

At the present, the people voted for a president whom they think can suppress
the abuse of the democracy. For 75 years, after the liberation from the Japanese,

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American, President DU30 has redefined the democracy that our ancestors
granted to us. The democracy that we’ve enjoyed grew the crime, drugs and
corruption within the government and amongst the people. PDU30’s programs
defined more of discipline in a democratic nation. PDU30’s programs are more of
eliminating vices, stopping crime and stopping drugs. Both share an idea of
democracy but dealt with differently. From aspiring for a free country to
controlling the abuse of freedom of the country, both of these presidents think of
ways to develop the country based on their circumstance.

-GRPH

Thank you, more power and God bless 