General Safety

GENERAL SAFETY
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the session, participants will be able to:
Summarize OSH legislation requirements at the
workplace
Describe the incident prevention concept
Identify company’s OSH requirements and in-

house rules
Explain basic safety at workplace
2 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

CONTENTS
Definition
OSH and Environmental legislations
Accident statistic
Incident prevention concept
General duties of employee
Pre-entry requirement
Basic safety

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND
HEALTH DEFINITION
❖ Conditions and factors that affect, or could affect, the
health and safety of employees or other workers
(Including temporary workers and contractor personnel),
visitors, or any other person in the workplace.
Source: Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series

OHSAS 18001 : 2007

DEFINITION
Hazard:
A source or a situation with a potential for:
❖ Harm in terms of human injury or ill health.
❖ Damage to property.
❖ Damage to the environment.
❖ A combination of these.
Source: Malaysian Standard of Occupational Safety Health and

Management System MS 1722 : 2005

DEFINITION
Risk:
❖ A combination of the likelihood of an occurrence
of hazardous event AND
❖ The severity of injury or damage to the health of
people, property or environment caused by this
event.
Source: Malaysian Standard of Occupational Safety

Health and Management System MS 1722 : 2005

HEALTH RELATED AGENCIES
Department of Occupational Safety and
Health (DOSH)
National Institute of Occupational Safety

and Health (NIOSH)
Social Security Organisation (SOCSO)

OSH LEGISLATIONS
OSHA 1994 FMA 1967
SCOPE All industries except armed Only applied to
forces & workers on manufacturing,
merchant ships construction, mining &
quarrying industries
APPROACH ◼ Self regulation ◼ Prescriptive
◼ Everybody’s responsibility ◼ Dependent on laws and
◼ Co-operation and directives
involvement of workers ◼ Rely on inspection by
◼ Consultation between DOSH
employer and employee
OBJECTIVE To protect safety, health ◼ Control of factories and
and welfare of employees machinery
and other persons at work ◼ Registration and
(e.g. Visitor, contractor, etc.) inspection of factories and
machinery

GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYER
AND SELF-EMPLOYED PERSON
❖ To ensure, so far as is practicable, safety, health and
welfare of all employees at work.

❖ Provisions and maintenance of plant and safe
system of work.

❖ Safety in the use or operation, handling, storage
and transport of plant and substances.

❖ Provisions of information, instruction, training and
supervision.

❖ Maintenance of work place condition including
means of access to and egress from it.

❖ Provisions and maintenance of a working
environment and welfare facilities.

HEALTH POLICY STATEMENT
❖ For company with more than five (5) employees:
– Establish OSH policy statement.
– Establish OSH organization.
– Arrangement to implement OSH policy.

PENALTY TO THE EMPLOYER
❖ Not more than RM50,000.00 OR 2 years
imprisonment OR both.

PAPER CUTS

GENERAL DUTIES OF EMPLOYEE
❖ Take reasonable care of himself and other persons.

❖ Co-operate with employer or any other designated
persons.

❖ Wear or use any protective equipment or
clothing provided by the employer.

❖ Comply with OSH instruction or measure instituted
by the employer.

PENALTY TO EMPLOYEE
❖ Not more than RM1,000.00 OR 3 months

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATION
❖ Environmental Quality Act 1974.
❖ Enforced by the Department of Environment (DOE).
❖ Control towards pollution of air, noise, soil, water
and scheduled waste.

PENALTY TO EMPLOYER
❖ Not more than RM500,000.00 OR 5 years

ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ACT
1974 - REGULATIONS 2005
(SCHEDULED WASTE)
❖ Scheduled waste definition:
– Any waste listed in Schedule 1
– e.g : Paint waste, used solvent, used oil, etc.
❖ Scheduled waste management shall adhere to specific
regulations and guidelines. (e.g. : Recycle / disposal)

LESSON LEARNT FROM ACCIDENT

REPORTED ACCIDENT UP TO 2014
90000
81,810
80000
73,858
69,132
70000
63,423 63,557 63,331
61,182 61,552
59,897
60000 58,321 57,639
56,249 56,339 55,186
54,133
50,803
50000
43,885
40,617 38,657
40000 34,376 35,603 35,088 35,898
35,294
35,092 35,296
30000 27,659 28,037

26,256
24,809
20,810 22,036
18,387 18,329 17,704 17,682 19,041
20000 17,609 17,297
10000
0
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Total Accidents Reported Industrial Accidents Commuting Accidents
Source : SOCSO Annual Report

INCIDENT PREVENTION CONCEPT
ITEM DEFINITION
INCIDENT • Unplanned / unexpected / unwanted event;
• A result of a combination of causes;
• Incident = Accident + Near Misses
ACCIDENT An incident related to work activity which result in
fatality, injury, damage to property or damage to
environment.

INCIDENT PREVENTION CONCEPT
Hazard identification
Risk assessment
Risk control implementation
Risk communication

INCIDENT PYRAMID
Source: Tye Pearson 1975

INCIDENT CAUSES
Unsafe Unsafe
Act Condition
• Horseplay • Substandard work

• Not wearing Incident procedure
Personal Protective • Slippery floor
Equipment (PPE) • Scattered tools on
• Short cut the walkway

BEHAVIORAL BASED SAFETY
Define behaviors : Unsafe acts
Observe behaviors
Intervene
Test the intervention

We have the obligation to ensure safe behavior at
workplace.
Safety is everyone responsibility and safety is
starting from you.

COST OF INCIDENT
❖ Related to Iceberg Theory.
RM1 Visible Cost
Visible Cost
Hidden Cost
RM5 – RM50
Hidden Cost

VISIBLE COST
❖ Cost directly related to the accident.
❖ Example:
– Medical expenses
– Compensation
– Fines

HIDDEN COST
❖ Additional cost to the company.
(5–50 times more than visible cost)
❖ Example:
– Damage of product or raw material.
– Damage of plant or building.
– Damage of working tools and machine.
– Emergency expenses.

RISK CONTROL HIRARCHY

PRE ENTRY REQUIREMENTS
❖ Contractor Safety Passport System (CSPS)
– Is a guideline for contractors to work safely according
to their task.
❖ New Comer Orientation (NCO) / Induction
– Train contractors on company’s background, in-house
rules and safe work procedures.
CSPS Card

❖ Contractor’s dress code

Before entering plant
❖ Declare equipment, tools and work material brought in
at the security point.
❖ Example:
– Quantity and type of tools. (e.g. Spanner, grinder)
– Quantity and type of chemicals. (e.g. Paint, thinner)
– Number of workers.
– Machinery. (e.g. Crane, sky lift, lorry)

REQUIREMENTS BEFORE
WORKING
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
• Wear or use PPE to protect against one or more risk
to safety and health
• Type of protection:
– Head
– Eye and face
– Hearing
– Respiratory
– Full body

HEAD PROTECTION
❖ Protects against:
– Falling objects
– Bumps

HEAD PROTECTION
Tahun Bulan

EYE PROTECTION
– Airborne dust
– Chemical splash - Liquid
– Gas / vapor/ fume
– UV ray / glare - Welding

HEARING PROTECTION
Earmuffs
❖ When it’s not feasible to reduce the noise or
it’s duration – Use ear protective devices.
❖ Ear protective devices must be fitted

properly. Earplugs
❖ Protects against excessive noise. (>85 dBA)
Canal
Caps

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
– Particulate mask protect from airborne
contaminants. (e.g. Dust, fog, fume)
– Respirator with cartridges protect from toxic
vapor and gas.
– Both are not suitable for oxygen deficiency.

RESPIRATORY PROTECTION
❖ Breathing apparatus protects against:

– Oxygen deficiency
– Poison gasses (>IDLH)
(Only if worn correctly)

HAND PROTECTION
– Absorption of hazardous chemicals.
– Cuts, scalds or lacerations.
– Burns. (e.g. : Chemical, heat)
– Puncturing.

FOOT PROTECTION
– Foot injury due to:
• Falling objects, rolling objects, protruding
objects, electric hazard, slip & fall, corrosive
chemical and heat.

FOOT PROTECTION

FALL PROTECTION
❖ Safety harness and lanyard.

BASIC RULE OF PPE
❖ Use the right equipment for the hazard.
❖ Inspect the equipment for damage.
(e.g. Crack, corrode, cut, broken, brittle,
scratches, missing part and expired
date)
❖ Wear the equipment properly as per
advised.
❖ Ensure the equipment appropriately
fitted to your size to ensure the
effectiveness.
❖ Maintain the equipment after use.
❖ Keep the equipment in proper storage.

REQUIREMENTS BEFORE WORKING
Before Work Commencement
• Obtain permission from Permit to Work(PTW)
approval by plant authority before commence the
high risk activities.

PTW AT PLANT
Work at Height Hot Work Electrical Work

PTW AT PLANT
Confined Hazardous Machine

Space Entry Pipe line Intervention

PTW AT PLANT
Critical Lifting
Excavation Work
Operation

REQUIREMENTS WHILST WORKING
Tool Box Talk
Tool box talk is a briefing session before commence the
work. The supervisor shall communicate the information
and instruction in regard to safety and health at the
workplace.
• Scope of work
• Hazards and control measures
• PPE
• Safety at work (Do’s & Don’ts)
• Work Permit – Precaution
• Current Issues at work
• Emergency plan

❖ DICIPLINE – Prohibited activities in the workplace.
Smoking Alcohol Influence Horseplay Gambling
Drug Influence Sleeping While of

Criminal Act Not Following Zero
Duty
Tolerance Policy

Safe Work Practices
❖ Barricade work area using barricade tape and
display safety signage.
❖ Use right tools for the right job.
❖ Pay attention and comply with safety signage and
instructions.
❖ Report any unsafe act and unsafe condition.
❖ Do not start the work if you are in doubt.

TYPE OF SAFETY SIGNS BACKGROUND COLOUR
Mandatory
Prohibition
Warning / Danger / Caution
Safe Condition
Safety Signage – Obligation To

Fire emergency equipment
Observe And Comply

Pedestrian Walkway
❖ Observe and comply with pedestrian walkway
signage.

Traffic Regulations
❖ Comply with traffic rule set by the plant
management such as speed limit.
❖ Park vehicles at designated area.
❖ Stop and give way to pedestrian.
❖ Practice reverse parking.

Emergency Procedure
❖ Know the location of the emergency phone and
contact numbers.
❖ If alarm is activated:
– Stop work.
– Evacuate the workplace immediately.
– Walk fast but do not run.
– Gather at the assigned assembly area.

Emergency Procedure
❖ Please get assist from first aider and responsible
person.
❖ Basic act in managing emergency:
– Fire emergency – Extinguish the small fire if you
are being trained to use fire extinguisher.
– Electrical emergency – Switch off the power as
soon as possible.
– Chemical emergency – Go to nearest
emergency shower or eye wash and flush within
15 minutes .

Emergency Shower Eye Wash

Incident Reporting
❖ All incidents shall be reported immediately to the
responsible person:
– Coordinator
– Project manager
– Supervisor
– Safety and Health Officer (SHO)

Incident Reporting
Purpose:
• Know the root cause of the accident.
• Establish proper control measures,
so that future accidents can be prevented.
• Record all facts about the accident for various
reason. (e.g. Compensation, claims, etc.)
• Analyze trend and cost for long term planning.
Your full cooperation with the investigation team

will prevent future accident / incident

REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORKING
Safe Work Practices
❖ Ensure housekeeping at the workplace.
❖ Complete and close the Permit to Work.
❖ Re-declare equipment, tools, work materials,
number of workers and machinery at the security
point.

REQUIREMENTS AFTER WORKING
Safe Work Practices
❖ Ensure all wastes especially scheduled wastes are
disposed into dedicated containers.
❖ Do not throw scheduled waste (e.g. paint waste)
into the drain.

BASIC SAFETY
CHEMICAL HAZARD
❖ Chemical enters human body through:
Dermal
Inhalation Ingestion Injection
contact
Examples of chemical :
Solvent, Ammonia, Carbon Monoxide, Benzene, Asbestos

CHEMICAL HAZARD
71
71 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. 71 of 101
CHEMICAL LABELLING
Source : United Nation Globally Harmonised System
72
72 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved. 72 of 101
SAFETY DATA SHEET (SDS)

HANDLING OF CHEMICAL
TYPE OF
SAFE PRACTICES
CHEMICAL
1. Eliminate ignition sources such as:
- Open burning
- Hot surfaces
- Sparks from welding /cutting
- Electrical appliances / electro-static
2. Means of storage:
FLAMMABLE/ - Approved container
EXPLOSIVE - Storage cabinet
- Isolated area from sources of ignition
- Special room designed for flammable substances
3. Material transfer control:
- Proper bonding and grounding when transferring
liquid to other container
4. Safety control:
- Provide fire extinguisher
- Water sprinkler system

HANDLING OF CHEMICAL
TYPE OF
SAFE PRACTICES
CHEMICAL
1. Proper handling of chemicals:
- Read and understand the chemical hazard(Refer to SDS)
- Handle chemical with care
- Do not eat and drink when handling
- Wear proper PPE such as goggles, gloves, respirator
TOXIC/IRRITA 2. Means of storage:

NT/HARMFUL/ - Approved container
CORROSIVE - Storage cabinet
3. Housekeeping:
- Close the container after use.
- Clean the chemical spillage
4. Emergency control:
- Eyewash/emergency shower
- Get assisstance from first aider

PORTABLE POWER TOOLS
HAZARD AND EFFECT SAFE PRACTICES
Electrical current - •Inspect and ensure all tools are in
Electric shock good condition before usage.
hand arm vibration
•Regular maintenance of tools.
syndrome
Rotating part •Install machine guarding before
use.
Flying object •Proper usage of PPE such as face
shield.

NOISE
HAZARD AND
SAFE PRACTICES
EFFECT
Excessive noise •Isolate source of noise.
can cause •Modify the equipment. (e.g.
permanent Damper)
hearing loss
•Apply administration control.
(e.g. Work rotation, hearing
tests, awareness training and
display signage)
•Provide hearing protection
equipment.

VIBRATION
HAZARD AND
SAFE PRACTICES
EFFECT
•Wear anti-vibration gloves.

Excessive
vibration can •Hold the tools in a proper
manner.
cause injury to
Neurovascular •Regular maintenance of
system tools.
•Practice job rotation.

CONCLUSION
❖ Compliance with relevant legislations and
company’s in-house rules and safe practice can
prevent incidents at the workplace.

THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION

General Safety

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GENERAL SAFETY

Describe the incident prevention concept

Identify company’s OSH requirements and in-

Explain basic safety at workplace

2 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

OSH and Environmental legislations

Incident prevention concept

General duties of employee

3 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Source: Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series

4 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Source: Malaysian Standard of Occupational Safety Health and

5 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Source: Malaysian Standard of Occupational Safety

6 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

National Institute of Occupational Safety

Social Security Organisation (SOCSO)

7 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

8 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

9 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

10 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

11 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

12 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

13 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

14 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

15 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

16 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

17 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

18 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

19 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

20 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

21 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

22 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

23 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

24 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

25 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

26 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

30000 27,659 28,037

Source : SOCSO Annual Report

27 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

28 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Risk control implementation

29 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Source: Tye Pearson 1975

30 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

• Horseplay • Substandard work

31 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

Test the intervention

32 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

33 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

34 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

35 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

36 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

37 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

38 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

39 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

40 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

41 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

42 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

43 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.

❖ Ear protective devices must be fitted

❖ Protects against excessive noise. (>85 dBA)

44 ©2015 NIOSH Malaysia. All rights reserved.