Fire Fighting Course

Prepared by :

Eng. Almoataz Bellah Mahmoud

PRESENTATION CONTENTS
 Overview of Fire Fighting.
1. Definition Of Fire.
2. Fire Triangle.
3. Fire Tetrahedron.
4. Fire Classifications.
5. Fire Fighting Systems classification.

 Water Based Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

 Gases Based Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
2. Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

 Water Based Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Wet Pipe System.
2. Dry Pipe System.
3. Preaction Systems
4. Deluge System.

 Water Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Standpipes Systems.
2. Fire Department Connections (FDC)
3. Fire Hydrant System.
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PRESENTATION CONTENTS
 Sprinklers System.
1. Sprinklers Classifications .
2. Hazard Classifications.
3. Sprinkler Distribution.
4. Hydraulic Calculation.
5. Case Study.

 Fire Water Tank & Pump Room.

1. Case Study.

 Single Line Diagram.

 Gases Based Automatic Fire Fighting Systems.
1. Carbon Dioxide System.
2. FM200 Systems
3. Case Study.

 Gases Based Manual Fire Fighting Systems.

1. Fire Extinguishers.
2. Case Study.

 Complete Fire Fighting Project.

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INTRODUCTION
 Major goals of fire protection:
 Continuity of operation.
 Property protection.
 Life safety.

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INTRODUCTION
The fire protection is achieved via three means:
 Active Fire Protection.
 Passive Fire Protection.
 Educational Fire Protection.

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Active Fire Protection
 Fire Detection And Alarm Systems.
 Fire Fighting And Extinguishing Systems.

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Passive Fire Protection.

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Educational Fire Protection.

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INTRODUCTION
Codes And Standards
 NFPA:- National Fire Protection Association:
 NFPA 10: Standard for Portable Fire Extinguishers.
 NFPA 13: Standard for the Installation of Sprinkler Systems.
 NFPA 14: Standard for the Installation of Standpipe and
Hose Systems.
 NFPA 20: Standard for the Installation of Stationary Pumps
for Fire Protection.
 NFPA 11: Standard for Low-, Medium-, and High-Expansion
Foam Pumps for Fire Protection.
‫الكود المصري للحريق‬

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Fire Triangle parameters :-

1. Air ( Oxygen ) Without sufficient oxygen (Not Less than
16%), a fire cannot Begin.
2. Fuel ( Flammable Material ) Without fuel, a fire will stop.
3. Heat ( sufficient heat to raise the
material to its ignition
temperature )

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Fire Tetrahedron :-
 In addition to the fire triangle.
 It adds the requirement for the presence of the chemical
reaction which is the process of fire.

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

•  Extinction of the Fire methods :-

•  Suppression of the Combustible: by closing of the
valve fueling the combustion, creating sufficient distance between fire
and
• f lame, exhausting hot smoke (containing unburned elements)….

•  Suppression of the Oxidizer (also known as

choking): by the use of carbon dioxide fire-extinguisher, a
blanket, or spraying sufficient water on a solid combustible
(water vapor removes fresh air)….

•  Suppression of the Activation energy (cooling

down): by spraying water in mix of air + combustible particles 12
OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

 Fire Classifications :-
 Class A fire: Ordinary combustibles such as wood, paper, carton,
textile, and PVC.
 Class B fire: Flammable liquid or gaseous fuels such
benzene, gasoline, oil, butane, propane, and natural gas.
 Class C fire: Involving energized electrical equipment,
often caused by short circuits or overheated electrical cables.
 Class D fire: Combustible metals, such as iron, aluminum,
sodium, and magnesium.
 Class K fire: Containing a fat element, such as cooking oil.

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 FIRES CLASSES C Electrical Equipment

A Trash Wood Paper

Wood Energized
Electrical
Cloth
Equipmen
Paper t

Rubber

Many Plastics D COMBUSTIBLE

B Liquids Grease Magnesium
Gasolin Sodium
e Oil Potassium
Grease
Tar
Oil-based Paint
D Titanium
Zirconium
Other Flammable
Lacquer Metals
Flammable
Gases
K Cooking Media

Fires Involving Combustible Vegetable Or

Animal Non-saturated Cooking Fats In
K
Commercial Cooking Equipment.

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Fire Fighting Systems Classification

Water Based Fire Gases Based Fire

Fighting Systems Fighting Systems

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Water Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Standpipe Siamese(FDC) Sprinklers

Fire hydrant
SYS. connection SYS.

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Gases Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Manual Fire FM200 CO2

extinguisher System System

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Water Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Manual Automatic

Standpipe Siamese(FDC) Sprinklers

Fire hydrant
SYS. connection SYS.

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SINGLE LINE DIAGRAM -WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

Single Line Diagram .dwg

Second
Water source
First Water
source

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OVERVIEW OF FIREFIGHTING

Water Based Fire

Fighting Systems

Automatic
System

Sprinklers
SYS.

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

Sprinklers

Systems

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 WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS


 Wet Pipe Sprinkler System

 Dry Pipe Sprinkler System
 Pre-Action Pipe Sprinkler System
 Deluge Pipe Sprinkler System

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

WET PIPES SYSTEM



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WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 ALARM CHECK VALVE

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When the fire
protection system is
initially being
pressurized, water
will f low
into the system until
the water supply and
system pressure
become equalized,
and the torsion
Spring closes the
Clapper in the Alarm
Check Valve. Once
the pressures have
stabilized
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 FIRE,FIRE
ALARM

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WET PIPE SYSTEM COMPONENTS

 CHECK VALVE SYMBOL

 CHECK VALVE

 CHECK VALVE BLOCK

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

DRY PIPES SYSTEM

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

DRY PIPES SYSTEM

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

DRY PIPES SYSTEM



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PROCEDURE
 When one or more automatic sprinklers operate in
response to a fire, air pressure within the system piping
is relieved through the open sprinklers.
 When the air pressure is sufficiently reduced, the water
pressure overcomes the differential holding the Clapper
Assembly closed and the Clapper Assembly swings
clear of the water seat,
 This action permits water f low into the system piping
and subsequently to be discharged from any open
sprinklers. Also, with the Clapper Assembly open, the
intermediate chamber is pressurized and water f lows
through the alarm port.

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PROCEDURE
 After a valve actuation and upon subsequent closing of a
system main control valve to stop water f low, the
Clapper Assembly will latch open Latching open of the
DPV-1 will permit complete draining of the system
through the main drain port. During the valve resetting
procedure and after the system is completely drained,
the external reset knob can be easily depressed to
externally unlatch the Clapper Assembly
 As such, the Clapper Assembly is returned to its
normal set position to facilitate setting of the dry pipe
sprinkler system, without having to remove the Hand
hole Cover.

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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

PRE-ACTION PIPES SYSTEM

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NFPA 13 DEFINES THREE BASIC TYPES OF
PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:
 7.3.2.1
Pre-action system shall be one of the
Following types:
 Single Interlocked: Admits water to sprinkler
piping upon operation of detection devices
only.
 Double Interlocked: Admits water to
sprinkler piping upon operation of both the
detection devices and automatic
sprinklers.

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PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:

 The supplemental detection system is commonly

electric or pneumatic or a combination of both.
Detection systems used with electric release systems are
commonly actuated by manual pull stations, fixed-
temperature heat detectors, rate-of-rise heat detectors,
smoke detectors or other means determined

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PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:

 In accordance with NFPA 13,

 7.3.2.4.1 the pre-action sprinkler system piping and fire
detection devices shall be automatically supervised
where there are more than 20 sprinklers on the
systems. This is accomplished with air or nitrogen gas
under pressure of 0.5 bar minimum within the
sprinkler piping. If the integrity of the sprinkler piping
is compromised, the pressure will be reduced activating
a supervisory pressure switch that transmits the signal
to the release control panel and/or fire alarm panel.

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PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:

 Single Interlocked

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PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:

 Double Interlocked
 The double interlock pre-action system
utilizes a detector system and pressurized air
or nitrogen in the sprinkler system piping.
This system is arranged so that the deluge
valve will open only when both pressure is
reduced in the sprinkler piping and the
detection system operates.

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PRE-ACTION SYSTEMS:

 Ifthe detection system operates due to damage

or malfunction, the valve will not open, but an
alarm will sound. If the sprinkler piping is
damaged or sprinkler is broken, the valve will
not open but a supervisory alarm will sound.
The operation of both a sprinkler and a
detector (or release) is required before the
valve will open, allowing water to enter the
system piping.
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WATER BASED FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS

DELUGE PIPES SYSTEM



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DELUGE SYSTEMS:
 A deluge system is similar to a Preaction system except
the sprinkler heads are open and the pipe is not
pressurized with air. Deluge systems are connected to a
water supply through a deluge valve that is opened by
the operation of a smoke or heat detection system. The
detection system is installed in the same area as the
sprinklers. When the detection system is activated
water discharges through all of the sprinkler heads in
the system. Deluge systems are used in places that are
considered high hazard areas such as power plants,
aircraft hangars and chemical storage or processing
facilities. Deluge systems are needed where high
velocity suppression is necessary to prevent fire spread

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DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with Electric actuated

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DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with wet pilot actuated

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DELUGE SYSTEMS:

 Deluge System with Dry pilot actuated

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