JE MONDEJAR COMPUTER COLLEGE

BRGY. 71 NAGA-NAGA
TACLOBAN CITY
S.Y. 2021-2022

Program Title: BSBA 1

Subject: SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Topic/s: INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
Module #: 1

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the module, the students are expected to:
a. Define science, technology and society
b. Compare and Contrast science and technology
c. Know the limitations of science and Technology

INTRODUCTION TO SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY

STUDY GUIDE

Science
• System of knowledge of the natural world gained through the scientific method.
• Primarily interested in the acquisition of knowledge.
• Preoccupied with the “know-why” resulting in new knowledge usually disseminated
through science papers.
• Science is a kind of human cultural activity which is practiced by people known as scientist
and formerly called natural philosophers and savants.
• Science is complex system of people, skills, facilities, knowledge, material or physical
resources and technologies devoted and directed to the inquiry into and understanding of
the natural world.
• Science as a modern science is the dynamic cumulative inquiry into nature using the
scientific method.
• Deals with the natural world
• Concerned with WHAT IS (exist) in the natural world.
• Focuses on Research
• Discovering natural phenomena (knowledge)

Technology
• Comes from Greek words tekhne meaning “art or craft” and logia meaning a ‘subject or
interest”.
• Practical application of knowledge
• Science of industrial arts and manufacture
• Material products or result of human fabrication and making.
• A kind of human cultural activity or endeavor which is practiced by people called
technologist which include engineers, craftsmen and machinists.
• A complex system of knowledge, skills, people, methods, tools, organization, facilities,
materials, physical resources devoted and directed to the research, development,
 production as well operation of a new or improved product, process or services in a
reproducible way.
• Is concerned with the know-how resulting in a new product or process distributed for
commercial consumption or appropriated through patents.
• Deals with how humans modify, change, alter or control the natural world.
• Concerned with what can be or should be designed, made or developed from natural world
and substances to satisfy human needs and wants.
• Focuses on Development and Innovation
• Inventing new or better tools and materials.

Society - an organized group of people associated as members of a community.

Development - which involves transforming research findings into prototype inventions of new
materials, devices and processes.
Innovation- which involves commercialization of prototype inventions of Research and
Development into marketable products or processes.
Research- a process of acquiring new knowledge.
The power and promise of technology can be further enhanced through the study of technology
to assure that all people are technologically literate in the future.
Society- people in general thought of as living together in organized communities with shared
laws, traditions and values.

Types of Research
1. Fundamental/Basic Research- gaining new knowledge
2. Applied-practical application
3. Mission-Oriented-accomplishing a particular mission or technological objective

Types of Technology
1. Material technology-extraction, fabrication, processing, combination and synthesis of
materials
2. Equipment technology-design and fabrication of tools, instruments, devices and
machines.
3. Energy technology- deals with the distribution of various forms of energy such as solar
panels, wind turbines and hydrothermal.
4. Information technology- based on machines that collect, store, process, retrieve,
transmit and utilize data or information.
5. Life technology- these are devices, medicines, procedures and systems designed to
preserve, repair, maintain, reproduce and improve living systems.
6. Management technology-Planning, organization, coordination and control of social
activities.

Branches of Science
1. Geology
2. Chemistry
3. Physics
4. Biology
5. Astronomy
Scientific Processes
1. Observing
2. Describing
3. Comparing
4. Classifying
5. Measuring
6. Making inference

Scientific Processes
1. Identification of an aspect, problem, question or phenomenon of nature of interest to the
scientists or practitioner.
2. Formulation of some sort of intellectual construct- a guess or hypothesis or theory explain
the aspect, problem, question or phenomenon.
3. Application of the construct to the aspect, problem, question or phenomenon.
4. Assessment, evaluation or analysis of the adequacy of fit, compatibility or appropriateness
of the construct to the aspect, problem, question or phenomenon.
5. Acceptance, adoption modification or rejection of the construct base on the application
and assessment, evaluation or analysis.

Technology Processes
1. Identification of a specific need, desire or opportunity to be satisfied of interest to the
practitioner or technologist
2. Conceptualization of design or plan to satisfy the need or opportunity
3. Production or execution of plan or design
4. The use of phase.

Classification of technology based on a country’s level of technological

sophistication.
1. First Wave Technology- Agricultural Age- comprising the pre-industrial technologies
which are labor-intensive, small-scale, decentralized and based on empirical rather than
scientific knowledge.
2. Second Wave technology- comprising the industrial technologies which were developed
since the time of industrial revolution until the end of World War II. These are usually
capital-intensive technologies and are essentially based on the classical principles of
classical physics, chemistry and biology.
3. Third-Wave technology- comprising the post-industrial or the high technologies which
are called science-intensive since they are based on the modern scientific knowledge of
the structures, properties and interaction of molecules, atoms and nuclei.

Evolution of Societies
1. Hunter and Gatherer Societies- the most primitive of all societies.
2. Shifting and Farming- e.g. slash and burn farming
3. Agricultural and Mining Societies- both depend on the natural resources of the world to
sustain the needs of people but both entail the risk of environmental damage.
4. Manufacturing and Processing Societies-the use of coal marked the start of
industrialization.
5. Synthesizing and Recycling Societies- production of synthetic food and other resources
and recycling of nonrenewable resources.
TERMINOLOGIES

Technology comes from Greek words ‘techne” meaning art or craft and logia, meaning a
subject or interest. It means practical applications of what we know about nature” using
scientific principles for the betterment of the human situation.

STUDY TASK Answer the following questions. Write your answer on a bond paper.

1. Compare and contrast modern science and philosophy of science.

2. What is scientific method? Enumerate the steps in the scientific method.
3. What are the limitations of science?
4. What do you think is the role of science and technology in our society today?

“We live in a society exquisitely dependent on science and technology, in which hardly anyone
knows anything about science and technology.”

Prepared by:
FREDERICK NORADA LIPON
Instructor