DESIGN OF MACHINE ELEMENTS

DIGITAL ASSIGNMENT 3

DONE BY:
BARATH B.S. (17BME1073)
SAI KIRUTHEKA P. (17BME1075)
SIDDHARTH R. (17BME1077)

FACULTY:
DR. CHRISTO MICHAEL
INTRODUCTION:

Traffic Collisions in India are a major source of deaths, injuries and

property damage every year. In 2015, there were about five lakh road
accidents in India, which killed about 1.5 lakh people and injured about
five lakh people. Majority of accidents (78.4%) are caused due to
driver’s fault. This includes over speeding, driving under the influence
of alcohol or drugs, and hit and run cases. Speeding is a major factor
contributing to the increased number of road accidents. The public fails
to follow the speed limits, especially on the highway. This has resulted
in 41% of the total deaths due to road accidents in India in 2014. In
2017, out of the total 4,64,910 road accidents recorded in the country,
1,41,466 (30.4%) took place on the National Highways (NH) including
Expressways, 1,16,158 (25.0%) on State Highways (SH) and 2,07,286
(44.6%) on other roads. In 2017, Over speeding and driving on wrong
side together accounted for 76.7 per cent of total accidents and 73.1
per cent of total deaths. Over speeding as the major traffic rules
violation involving accidents in 2017 is corroborated by the data on
road accidents by type of collision which shows that head on collision
constituted the highest collision type (18.7%) followed by hit from back
(16.7%), among the specified collision types of road accidents during
the year. Accidents involving head on collision and hit from back
between two vehicles are usually associated with high speeding
vehicles.
OBJECTIVE:

The aim of this project is to reduce the number of accidents that occur
on the road, especially on 90-degree bends. Bumps are placed on
roads. Below these bumps, springs are attached. The weight of the
vehicle travelling on top of those bumps act as the load to the springs.
Loads acting on springs will be used to actuate switches. These switches
in turn switch on or switch off a traffic signal. The traffic signal gives
information to people about any kind of vehicle that is approaching
them.

WHAT’S NEW?

This model helps the person to get notified about the objects in the
road which are out of their visibility range. As the indication lights are
fitted on the road in this model, it is easy for the person (driver) to
notice it. If the indicating lights were fitted on the pole, it might be
difficult for the person to notice it when they are too close to the pole,
to avoid this condition, the indicating lights are fitted on the ground.
During night, the same indicating lights can also be used to indicate the
end of the road to the drivers.
WHY IS THIS MODEL PREFERABLE?

The basic principle of this model is activating switches based of the area
of contact of the object with the surface. As this model is designed to
detect an object (vehicle) at 90 degree turns and junctions, the cost for
implementing this model is lesser and the maintenance for this model is
minimal. Replacement of any component in the model is easier and
cost efficient and time efficient. Implementing this design requires
some groundwork.

TECHNICAL DETAILS:

A
Picture above represents a top view of the system that would be put in place.

A-Road

B- A bump on the road that would have springs underneath

C- Four traffic signals, each signal facing one road would be present

The basic idea:

This project will be implemented in 4-way junctions present on State or National

Highways. Bumps will be present on the roads of a 4-way junction. Underneath
those bumps, Compression springs of suitable material will be present. When a
vehicle runs over the bump, the bump is pushed down. This acts as a force on the
spring. The switches in the traffic signals are pushed in place by the compression
of the springs. Let us consider the four roads to be A, B, C, D. Consider a vehicle
travelling on road A. As the vehicle passes the bump on road A, the spring under
the bump on road A is pressed and it actuates the Traffic signals present on Road
B,C,D.

Traffic Signal:

A small switch(gap) is made in the circuit of the Traffic Signal. When they need to
be switched on, a wire made of conducting material is placed in between to
complete the circuit. This way, only the required traffic signals will be switched
on.
Advantages of Solar Energy:

1. Solar power is pollution free and causes no greenhouse gases to be emitted

after installation
2. Reduced dependence on foreign oil and fossil fuels
3. Renewable clean power that is available every day of the year, even cloudy
days produce some power
4. Return on investment unlike paying for utility bills
5. Virtually no maintenance as solar panels last over 30 years

SPECIFICATIONS:

The major components of this model are indicating lights, battery

source (solar cells), and speed brake like structure called bump.
Indicating lights are red in color since it can be seen even from longer
distance. Series of bumps are fitted in the road (mostly placed near the
junction or at the end of the road). Each bump has six springs which are
equally spaced. The maximum height of the bump from the ground
surface will be 5cm. These bumps are interconnected to the battery
and indicating lights are connected to the battery.
WORKING:

When an object (vehicle) passes over these bumps the springs gets
compressed and helps in completing the circuit. As circuit is complete,
the current flows through the circuit and indicating lights are actuated.
When the object (vehicle) is no more on the bumps, the circuit breaks
and indicating light is not actuated.

As shown in the following image when vehicle is at pointA, the

indicating lights at pointB gets actuted and vice-versa.