WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION
SCIENCE GRADE

GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 11
LEARNING QUARTER 3
MODULE WEEK 2-3

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 0

 MODULE IN
GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1

QUARTER 3
WEEK 2 - 3

Atomic Structure and Formulas

and Names of Compounds

Development Team

Writer: Preciousa F. Ramos

Editor/Reviewers: Elizabeth H. Domingo Hamilton C. Remigio
Flenie A. Galicinao Lourdes B. Arucan
Lay-out Artist: John Ryan A. Cudal
Management Team:
Vilma D. Eda, CESO V
Arnel S. Bandiola Lourdes B. Arucan
Juanito V. Labao Flenie A. Galicinao

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 1

 What I Need to Know

This module helps you understand the atomic structure and how to write and name
formulas of compounds. In your journey through the discussions and different tasks, you are
expected to:

1. recognize common isotopes and their uses; (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-1)

2. represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural formulas and models;
(STEM_GC11AMIc-e-21)
3. name compounds given their formula and write formula given the name of the
compound (STEM_GC11AMIc-e-23)

The module consists of two lessons:

Lesson 1 Isotopes and their Uses
Lesson 2 Naming and Writing Chemical Formulas

What I Know

Directions: Read the question/statement carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following describes an isotope?

A. An element with the same number of protons and electrons.
B. An element with the same number of protons, electrons and neutrons.
C. An element with the same atomic number but differ with their mass number.
D. An element with the same number of protons but different number of electrons.

2. Which of the following has 18 electrons?

A. 27Al3+ C. 32S
13 16

B. 35Al D. 32S2-
17 16

3. Which of the following does NOT contain 10 electrons?

A. 8Al 2- C. 7N3-

B. 15P3- D. 9F1-

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 2

4. Which of the following make up for almost all of the mass of an atom?
A. electrons C. neutrons
B. protons and electrons D. protons and neutrons

5. One of the isotopes of cobalt is known as cobalt-60 (60Co). Which of the following is the
use of cobalt-60?
A. lung imaging C. radiation therapy
B. anemia diagnosis D. locate brain tumor

6. Isotopes are very important in our life. There are about 250 isotopes occurring naturally.
Which of the following isotopes is used for research?
A. Carbon-14 C. Sodium-24
B. Iron-59 D. Uranium-235

7. Which of these is the name of the compound Fe(NO2)2 ?

A. ferric nitrate C. ferrous nitrate
B. ferric nitrite D. ferrous nitrite

8. What is the formula for the compound dinitrogen pentoxide?

A. N2O5 C. NO2
B. N5O2 D. N2O4

9. What is the Stock name for the covalent compound CS2?

A. carbon sulfide C. carbon disulfide
B. carbon (II) sulfide D. carbon (IV) sulfide

10. What is the formula for sulfurous acid?

A. H2SO2 C. H2SO4
B. H2SO3 D. HSO3-

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 3

Lesson
1
ISOTOPES AND THEIR USES

In the previous module you have learn about matter and their properties. You also
learned about the different separation techniques to separate components of substances. In
this module, it consists of two lessons. Lesson 1 presents the concept of isotopes and their
uses. Lesson 2 will give you the idea of naming compounds or the nomenclature of
compounds and how to write chemical formulas.

What’s In

Directions: Fill in the box below:

Definition Charge Discoverer

Proton
Electron
Neutron
Nucleus
Atom

What’s New

One of the postulates of Dalton’s atomic theory states that all atoms of an element are
identical. The discovery of isotopes contradicted Dalton’s postulate that all atoms of a given
element are alike. One characteristic that is common to all atoms is the number of protons in
their nuclei which is called atomic number, Z. This number is unique to a given element. Take
note that no two elements have the same atomic number thus, no two elements have the
same number of protons in the nuclei of their atoms.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 4

 The atomic number, Z, tells the number of
protons as well as the number of electrons since an
electron has the same charge as the proton but
opposite in sign. While atomic number is the same for
all atoms of an element, their atomic mass may differ.
Atoms of the same element will have the same atomic
number but may differ in atomic mass. This is called an Figure 1 Mass Number, Chemical Symbol and
Atomic Number (Taken from:
isotope, which is defined as atoms of the same https://useruploads.socratic.org/FFgDdQrBS3G
osb2OFu8h_nn1.gif)
element which have different masses. An atom of a
specific isotope is called a nuclide.

What is It
Isotopes

The isotopes of an element have different number of neutrons. The isotopes are
identified by their mass number, A, defined as the number of protons plus the number of
neutrons. The isotopes of an element are identified or named in two ways:

▪ name of element -mass number

Example: C-12 (read as carbon twelve)
C-13 (read as carbon thirteen)
C-14 (read as carbon fourteen)

Figure 2 Isotopes of Carbon (Taken from https://pixfeeds.com/images/41/388920/1280-388920-iosotopes-of-carbon.png,

March 2021)

▪ isotopic symbol
A
X (where X is the element symbol, A is the mass number and Z is
Z
the atomic number)
12 13 14
Examples: C C C
6 6 6

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 5

Study the table below showing the isotopes of carbon

Isotope
Characteristic
Carbon-12 Carbon-13 Carbon-14
Atomic Number, Z 6 6 6
Number of protons 6 6 6
Number of electrons in neutral
6 6 6
atom
Number of neutrons 6 7 8
Mass number 12 13 14

Try It!

Try making a table like the one above for the isotopes of hydrogen such as
hydrogen-1 (protium), hydrogen-2 (deuterium) and hydrogen-3 (tritium).

What happens if the number of electrons in an atom change? We know that in a neutral
atom, the number of protons is the same as the number of electrons. If one or more electrons
are removed from or added to a neutral atom, a charged particle of the same element is formed.
This is called an ion. An ion with a positive charge is called cation, which results when one or
more electrons is removed from an atom. A negatively charged ion, called anion, results when
one or more electrons is added to an atom.

For example, when an electron is removed from a neutral sodium atom, the ionic
notation will be Na+1, indicating that the positive charge in the atom is now greater than its total
negative charge. On the other hand, Cl-, is the notation of anionic chloride, which is created
when an electron is added to a neutral chlorine atom.

Sample Problem:

Give the complete chemical symbols of the ion with 26 protons, 30 neutrons and 24
electrons.

Answer:

a. The atomic number is 26 and the element with an atomic number of 26 is

iron, Fe. The mass number of this isotope is 26+30=56 (sum of the protons and
the neutrons). Because the ion has two more protons than electrons, it has a
net charge of +2. Thus, the complete isotopic symbol is 56Fe2+
26

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 6

Common Isotopes and Their Uses

There are about 250 isotopes occurring naturally. More than 1000 are made in nuclear
reactors. Isotopes have found extensive application in medicine. Cobalt-60 is used in cancer
therapy, while iodine-121 is used in goiter therapy. The list below shows other isotopes and
their uses.

Table 1.1 Some Radioactive Isotopes with Medical Applications

Isotope Use

32
cancer detection and treatment, especially in eyes and skin
P
used in molecular biology and genetics research
59
Fe anemia diagnosis
60
Co Radiation therapy to prevent cancer, gamma ray irradiation of tumors

99m
brain, thyroid, liver, bone marrow, lung, heart, and intestinal scanning;
Tc*
blood volume determination
131
I diagnosis and treatment of thyroid function
133
Xe lung imaging
198
Au liver disease diagnosis
Used to check some radioactivity counters in in-vitro diagnostic testing
Iodine-129
laboratories
Locate brain tumors, monitor cardiac, liver and thyroid activity disorders
Iodine-131
(Graves’s disease)
Carbon-11 Tagged onto glucose to monitor organs during a PET scan
Carbon-14 Study metabolism charges for patients with diabetes, gout and anemia
Sodium-24 Study blood circulation
Thalium-201 Determine damage in heart tissue, detection of tumors
Iridium-192 In brachytherapy/tumor irradiation
Cobalt-57 Used as a tracer to diagnose pernicious anemia
When injected to monoclonal antibodies into a cancer patient, helps the
Copper-67
antibodies bind to and destroy the tumor
Used in dental fixtures like crowns and dentures to provide a natural
Uranium-234
color and brightness

*The “m” means that it is a metastable form of this isotope of technetium.

https://opentextbc.ca/introductorychemistry/chapter/uses-of-radioactive-isotopes-2/

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 7

 Table 1.2 Some Radioactive Isotopes with Industrial Applications

Americium-241 For uniform thickness when rolling steel and paper, determine location
of oil wells
Sodium-24 Oil well studies and to locate leaks in pipe lines
Irridium-192 Test integrity of boilers and aircraft parts
Uranium-235 Nuclear power plant and naval propulsion systems fuel, production of
fluorescent glassware and colored wall tiles
Californium-252 Determine moisture content of soil-important for road construction and
building industries

Table 1.3 Some Radioactive Isotopes with Research Applications

Carbon-14 Carbon dating of organisms and substances (archeology), research to

determine steps involved in plant photosynthesis
Phosphorus-32 Used in research involving biology and genetics
Phosphorus-33
Selenium-75 Protein studies in life science
Strontium-85 Metabolism and bone formation studies
Hydrogen-3 Used to study life science and drug metabolism
(tritium)

What’s More

Activity 2.1. Understanding isotopes

Directions: Fill in the following tables. Complete the symbols also.

Neutral Atoms
Symbol F As Sb
number of protons
number of neutrons
number of electrons
Mass number
Atomic number

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 8

 Ions
Symbol Sr2+ Sc3+ P3-
number of protons
number of neutrons
number of electrons
Mass number
Atomic number

What I Have Learned

Let Summarize the lesson!

1. The present model of the atom consists of electrons moving in the space around the
nucleus.
2. The nuclei of atoms of a given element have the same number of protons but may differ
in the number of neutrons.
3. The atomic number of an atom is the number of protons in its nucleus. All atoms of a
given element have the same atomic number.
4. The atomic number is also the number of electrons in a neutral atom.
5. The mass number of an atom is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the
nucleus of the atom.
6. Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses. Different numbers
of neutrons correspond to different isotopes.
7. Atoms can gain or lose electrons, thereby forming charged particles called ions.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 9

 Assessment

Directions: Read the question/statement carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
1. The isotopes of an element have different ___________.
A. sizes C. number of protons
B. masses D. number of electrons
2. Which of the following has 16 electrons?
A. 27Al3+ C. 32S
13 16

35
B. Cl-1 D. 32S2-
17 16

3. Which of the following does NOT contain 10 electrons?

A. 8O2- C. 7N3-
3-
B. 15P D. 9F-1

4. Which of the following make up for almost all of the mass of an atom?
A. electrons C. protons and electrons
B. neutrons D. protons and neutrons
5. Deuterium ( 2 H) and tritium ( 3 H) are isotopes of hydrogen . Which of the following is
1 1

NOT true about deuterium and tritium?

A. Both isotopes have one proton each.
B. The two isotopes have one electron each.
C. Tritium has 3 neutrons while deuterium has 2.
D. The two isotopes differ in their mass numbers.
6. An atom of a specific isotope is called a _________.
A. isotope C. neutrons
B. nuclide D. atomic number
7. What is the complete chemical symbols for an ion with 16 protons, 16 neutrons and 18
electrons.?
A. 34Si2+ C. 32Si2-
16 16

32
B. Si D. 50Si2-
16 18

8. Californium-252 is an isotope that determines the moisture content of soil-important for

road construction and building industries. Which of the statements below is NOT correct
about the isotope 252 Cf ?
98

A. The atomic mass of the isotope is 252.

B. The atomic number of the isotope is 98.
C. The isotope has 98 protons, 98 electrons and 153 neutrons.
D. The isotope has 98 protons, 153 electrons and 252 neutrons.

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9. One of the isotopes of cobalt is known as cobalt-60 (60Co). Which of the following is the
use of cobalt-60?
A. anemia diagnosis C. lung imaging
B. locate brain tumor D. radiation therapy

10. Isotopes are very important in our life. There are about 250 isotopes occurring naturally.
Which of the following isotopes is used for research?
A. Americium-241 C. Technitium-99
B. Cobalt-57 D. tritium

Lesson NAMING AND WRITING

2 CHEMICAL FORMULA
In lesson 1 you have learned the concept of isotopes and how to write the isotopic
formula of certain isotopes. Common isotopes present on Earth are discussed with their uses.
In this lesson, you will learn how to represent compounds using chemical formulas, structural
formulas and models. You will also learn how to name compounds given their formula and
write their formula given the name of the compound.

What’s In

Directions: The following are common compounds used in our daily life. Write the formula
of the following compounds.
1. Sodium chloride (table salt) _______________________________
2. Dinitrogen oxide (laughing gas) ____________________________
3. Calcium carbonate (limestone) ____________________________
4. Sodium hydroxide (lye) __________________________________
5. Magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia) ____________________
6. Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda) _________________________
7. Sulfuric acid (oil of vitriol) _________________________________
8. Potassium nitrate (saltpeter) ______________________________
9. Hydrochloric acid (muriatic acid) ___________________________
10. Silicon dioxide (quartz) ___________________________________

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 11

 What’s New

Some of the substances we use in our daily life is written in their common names. For
example, sodium chloride is commonly called table salt. Water which is a basic need is
popularly called water not dihydrogen monoxide. And everyone recognizes them with their
common name. Unfortunately, common names usually give no information about chemical
composition. To describe the atomic makeup of compounds, chemists use systematic
methods for naming compounds and for writing chemical formulas. The systematic
nomenclature, was developed by an organization of chemists called the International Union of
Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). In this lesson, you will be introduced to some of the
rules used to identify simple chemical compounds.

What is It

The formulas and names of compounds are essential vocabulary in chemistry. The
naming of substances is called Chemical Nomenclature, from Latin words nomen (name) and
calare (to call).

Binary compounds containing a metal and a nonmetal

Compounds composed of two different elements are known as binary compounds. The
binary compounds formed by metals and nonmetals are usually ionic in nature. To write the
ionic formula of binary compounds, you need to know the ionic charges of the cations and
anions. In writing the formula, the sum of the total positive charges must be equal to the sum
of the total negative charges. The compound must have a net zero charge. For most cases,
the positive ion is written first followed by the negative ion. There is a short-cut method to get
the correct formula of binary compounds, that is to simply write each ion with its charge then
cross over the numbers to be the subscripts.

For example, write the formula of strontium fluoride.

1. First, write the symbols with their corresponding charges

Sr2+ F-

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 2. Criss-cross the valence numbers, disregarding the sign, so that the charge of the
cation becomes the subscript of the anion, and the charge of the anion becomes the
subscript of the cation.
Sr2+ F- = SrF2

a. If the subscript is one, it is no longer written.

Example: Na1Cl1 NaCl
b. If the subscript of both the cation and the anion is the same, omit writing the
subscripts.
Examples: Ca2+ O2- Ca2O2 CaO
3+ 3-
Al P Al3P3 AlP
c. Reduce the subscripts to simplest whole number ratio.
Example: C4+ O2- C2O4 CO2

Other Examples:
a) calcium phosphide = Ca2+ P3- = Ca3P2
b) magnesium nitride = Mg2+ N3- = Mg3N2
c) potassium chloride = K+1 Cl-1 = KCl

The nomenclature, or naming system, of binary ionic compounds involves combining the
names of the compound’s positive and negative ions. The name of the cation is given first,
followed by the name of the anion. For example,

Al2O3

name of the cation name of the anion

aluminum oxide

For example: What is the name of the following compounds?

1. CaBr2 = calcium bromide

2. Na2O = sodium oxide
3. Al2S3 = aluminum sulfide
4. SrF2 = strontium fluoride

Binary Compounds with variable oxidation numbers

Some elements, such as iron, form two or more cations with different charges. The
same procedure is applied in formula writing, except that in naming, the oxidation number
must be specified. To distinguish the ions formed by such elements, two methods are used –
the stock system and the classical -ous or -ic system. In the stock system, the oxidation
number of the metal is indicated by a Roman numeral in parentheses. In the classical way,
we use the Latin name of the element, changing the suffixes -ous and -ic which are used to
denote the lower and higher oxidation states.

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 Table 2.1. Stock Name and Old Name of Common Multivalent Compounds

Stock Name Common Name

Metal Cation
(IUPAC) (Old)
Cu+ Copper (I) Cuprous
Copper
Cu2+ Copper (II) Cupric
Fe2+ Iron (II) Ferrous
Iron
Fe3+ Iron (III) Ferric
Au+ Gold (I) Aurous
Gold
Au3+ Gold (III) Auric
Pb2+ Lead (II) Plumbous
Lead
Pb4+ Lead (IV) Plumbic
Hg22+ Mercury (I) Mercurous
Mercury
Hg2+ Mercury (II) Mercuric
Sn2+ Tin (II) Stannous
Tin
Sn4+ Tin (IV) Stannic

Naming a binary ionic compound according to the Stock system is illustrated below.
CuCl2

name of the cation Roman numeral name of the anion

indicating the charge
copper (II) chloride

For example: Write the formula of the following compounds.

a) Plumbic iodide = PbI4
b) Stannic oxide = SnO2
c) Mercurous bromide = HgBr2

For example: Give the name of the following compounds.

a) CuBr2 = copper (II) bromide
b) PbCl2 = lead (II) chloride
c) HgS = mercury (II) sulfide

Binary Compounds Containing Two Nonmetals

The type of bond between two nonmetals is generally covalent in nature. Naming
covalent compounds containing only two elements is similar to naming ionic compounds
except that prefixes are used. The rules for the prefix system of nomenclature of binary
molecular compounds are as follows.

1. The less electronegative element is given first. It is given a prefix only if it contributes
more than one atom to a molecule of the compound.
2. The second element is named containing (a) prefix indicating the number of atoms
contributed by the element, (b) the root of the name of the second element, and (c) the
ending -ide.
3. The o or a at the end of a prefix is usually dropped when the word following the prefix
begins with anther vowel, e.g, monoxide or pentoxide.

WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 14

The prefix system is illustrated below.

P4O10
Prefix needed if less + name of less electronegative + Prefix indicating number +root name of more-
electronegative element element of atoms contributed by electronegative
more electronegative element + -ide
tetra phosphorus deca oxide
tetraphosphorous decoxide

Table 2.2 Greek Prefixes Used in Naming Covalent Compounds

Greek Prefix Number Greek Prefix Number

Mono- 1 Hexa- 6
Di- 2 Hepta- 7
Tri- 3 Octa- 8
Tetra- 4 Nona- 9
Penta- 5 Deca- 10

For example:

1. Name the following compounds:

a) NO = nitrogen monoxide
b) SO2 = sulfur dioxide
c) P2O5 = diphosphorus pentoxide

2. Write the chemical formulas of the following:

a) dinitrogen trioxide = N2O3

b) sulfur trioxide = SO3
c) carbon disulfide = CS2

Metals with Polyatomic Ions

A polyatomic ion is a stable group of atoms that carries an overall electric charge. The
atoms in a polyatomic ion are bonded together by covalent bonds. Polyatomic compounds are
formed in the same way as binary compounds. Parentheses are placed around the polyatomic
ion and the subscript is written just after the close parenthesis whenever a multiple of the
polyatomic ion is necessary. The parenthesis is not used when a single polyatomic ion is
present.
KClO3 CaCO3 NaHCO3
potassium chlorate calcium carbonate sodium hydrogen carbonate

When a polyatomic ion needs a subscript, enclose it first in parentheses. If the original
polyatomic ion already contains a parenthesis, enclose it with brackets.

Example: Al3+ SO42- Al2(SO4)3

Al3+ Fe(CN)64- Al4[Fe(CN)6]3

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 A table of common monoatomic and polyatomic cations and anions is usually printed
in periodic tables. It would be wise to familiarize oneself with these ions’ formulas, valences
as well as names.

For example:

1. Write the correct formula for the following:

a) Ammonium nitrate = NH4NO3
b) Iron (III) sulfate = Fe2(SO4)3
c) Magnesium phosphate = Mg3(PO4)2
2. Give the name of each of the following:
a) K2CrO4 = potassium chromate
b) Zn(NO3)2 = zinc nitrate
c) CuClO3 = copper (I) chlorate
Hydrogen and a Nonmetal
A binary compound which is composed of hydrogen and a more electronegative
element is named like any other binary compound of nonmetals. For example, HCl is called
hydrogen chloride.
When these substances are dissolved in water, they become aqueous acids. A
different method of naming the substance is applied. The prefix hydro- is attached to the root
word of the nonmetal and the suffix -ic is added. The word acid becomes the last term.

For example:

H2S (aq) – hydrosulfuric acid

HCl (aq) – hydrochloric acid

HI (aq) – hydroiodic acid

Oxyacids and Oxyanions

There are also acids containing three or more elements. Oxygen is always present in
this kind of acid. This acid is referred to as ternary acid, or more particularly, oxyacids. Table
2 gives you a partial list of common oxyacids and their corresponding anions.

Table 2.3. Common Names of Oxyacids and their Anions

Name of Acid Formula of Acid Name of Anion Formula of Anion

Boric acid H3BO3 Borate BO33-
Carbonic acid H2CO3 Carbonate CO32-
Nitric acid HNO3 Nitrate NO3-

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 Nitrous acid HNO2 Nitrite NO2-
Phosphoric acid H3PO4 Phosphate PO43-
Phosphorous acid H3PO3 Phosphite PO33-
Sulfuric acid H2SO4 Sulfate SO42-
Sulfurous acid H2SO3 Sulfite SO32-
Perchloric acid HClO4 Perchlorate ClO4-
Chloric acid HClO3 Chlorate ClO3-
Chlorous acid HClO2 Chlorite ClO2-
Hypochlorous acid HClO Hypochlorite ClO-
Permanganic acid HMnO4 Permanganate MnO4-

Oxyanions are polyatomic ions that contain oxygen. In several cases, two different
oxyanions are formed by the same two elements. Nitrogen and oxygen for example, are
combined in both NO3- and NO2-. When naming compounds containing such oxyanions, the
most common ion is given the ending -ate. The ion with one less oxygen atom is given the
ending -ite. For example, NO3- (nitrate) and NO2- (nitrite).

Sometimes two elements form more than two different oxyanions. In this case, an
anion with one less oxygen than the -ite anion is given the prefix hypo-. An anion with one
more oxygen that the -ate anion is given the prefix per-. This nomenclature is illustrated by the
four oxyanions formed between chlorine and oxygen.

ClO- ClO2- ClO3- ClO4-

hypochlorite chlorite chlorate perchlorate

What’s More

Activity 2.2 Writing the formula of compounds

Directions: Write the formula of the following compounds.

1. Aluminum sulfite ___________________________________

2. Ammonium phosphate ______________________________
3. Iron (III) sulfate ____________________________________
4. Sulfurous acid ____________________________________
5. Plumbic carbonate _________________________________
6. Chromium (III) hydroxide ____________________________
7. Mercury (II) nitrite __________________________________

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 8. Potassium permanganate ___________________________
9. Potassium dichromate ______________________________
10. Plumbous oxide ___________________________________

Activity 2.3 Naming the compounds

Directions: Write the name of the following compounds.

1. PbBr4 ___________________________________________
2. SO3________________________________________________________________________
3. SnCl4 ___________________________________________
4. HgBr2 _____________________________________________________________________
5. (NH4)2S__________________________________________
6. Mg(ClO3)2 ________________________________________
7. NH4NO2 __________________________________________________________________
8. Pb(SO4)2_________________________________________
9. NH4HCO3 ________________________________________________________________
10. Fe2(SO4)3 ________________________________________________________________

What I Have Learned

Rules in Naming Compounds:

1. Binary compounds – take -ide ending

a) Two nonmetals – for those that form more than one compound, a Greek prefix
is used to indicate the number of each atom (mono is omitted for the most
positive part).
b) Metal and nonmetal – for metals with variable oxidation states, use
b.1.) -ic ending on metal for higher oxidation states and -ous for lower (with
Latin stem for Fe, Cu, Sn, and Pb).
b.2.) Roman numeral to indicate oxidation state of metal.
2. Bases (OH-) – named as hydroxides.
3. Acids (H+ compounds)
a) Binary -hydro- prefix and -ic acid ending.
b) Ternary (oxyacids) – name is determined from the oxidation state of the central
atom.

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 4. Salts of oxyacids – named for acid they are derived from; -ic acid forms -ate salt, -ous
acid forms -ite salt. For acid salts, hydrogen is added to the name of the oxyanion (can
also use bi- or acid; hydrogen is preferred); for two hydrogen (as in H2PO4), use
dihydrogen.

What I Can Do

PERFORMANCE TASK

PERFORMANCE STANDARD: Design using multimedia demonstrations, or models a

representation or simulation of the atomic structure.
SITUATION: A School Science Fair is being held and as a Senior High School student under
STEM track you are tasked to organize a Science Forum about Atoms, Molecules and Ions for
Grade 9 students.
GOAL: Your goal is to present a multimedia presentation/simulation or model representation
of the atomic structure to be used during the Science Forum.
ROLE: Presenter or Exhibitor
PRODUCT: You will create a 3-minute multimedia presentation/simulation or a 3-D model of
the atomic structure
AUDIENCE: Grade 9 Junior High school students

STANDARDS: Your work will be judged using the following criteria: content, construction,
visual effects and uniqueness & originality. (Video Presentation/3-D Model Rubric)

Rubrics in Video Presentation Making / 3-D Model Making

Criteria 4 3 2 1 SCORE
Content The The The Some parts
presentation presentation is presentation are incorrect
is excellent, correct and is correct but and the
complete and contains incomplete presentation
clearly complete information. is
presented. information. incomplete.
Construction The parts are The parts are The parts are The parts are
correctly and properly labelled but not labelled
properly labelled and not properly and
labelled, well well created. created. unorganized.
organized and
well created.

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 Visual It is It is attractive It is It is poorly
Effects exceptionally in terms of acceptably designed and
attractive in design, layout, attractive not attractive.
terms of and neatness. though it may
design, layout, be a bit
and neatness. messy.
Uniqueness Design is Design is Has some Lacks
and unique and unique. unique uniqueness
Originality expressive. Evidence of features but and
Evidence of detail and lacks some originality.
detail and originality. few details
originality. and originality
TOTAL

Assessment

Directions: Read the question/statement carefully. Write the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. In writing the formula of binary compounds, the sum of the total positive charges must be
equal to the sum of the total negative charges. The compound must have a net charge of
_____.
A. zero C. the cation
B. ten D. the number of atoms in the ion
2. Using the stock system of nomenclature, Cr2(SO4)3 is named ___________.
A. chromic sulfate C. chromium (II) sulfate
B. dichromium trisulfate D. chromium (III) sulfate
3. The formula of phosphoric acid is ____________.
A. HPO4 C. H2PO3
B. H(PO4)2 D. H3PO4
4. Which of the following is the formula being formed when Pb2+ combines with CrO42?
A. Pb2CrO4 C. PbCrO4
B. Pb(CrO4)2 D. Pb2(CrO4)2
5. Which of these is the name of the compound Fe(NO2)2 ?
A. ferric nitrate C. ferrous nitrate
B. ferric nitrite D. ferrous nitrite
6. What is the formula for the compound dinitrogen pentoxide?
A. N2O5 C. NO2
B. N5O2 D. N2O4

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7. What is the Stock name for the covalent compound CS2?
A. carbon sulfide C. carbon disulfide
B. carbon (II) sulfide D. carbon (IV) sulfide
8. What is the formula for sulfurous acid?
A. H2SO2 C. H2SO4
B. H2SO3 D. HSO3-
9. The correct formula for sodium perchlorate is
A. Na4ClO C. Na2ClO4
B. NaClO4 D. Na(ClO4)2
10. Which one of the given formulas in not correctly stated?
A. H2CO3 C. HMnO4
B. HNO3 D. H3PO5

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 Answer Key

10. D
9. D
10. B 8. D
1. Answers may vary 7. C
9. D
What’s In 6. B
8. A
Lesson 1 5. C
7. D
6. A 4. D
5. C 3. B
4. D 2. C
3. B 1. B
2. D Assessment
1. D Lesson 1
What I Know

10.D
10. SO2
9. B
9. HCl 8. B
8. KNO3 7. D
7. H2SO4 6. A
6. NaHCO3 5. D
5. Mg(OH)2 4. C
4. NaOH 3. D
3. CaCO3 2. D
2. N2O 1. A
1. NaCl Assessment
What’s IN Lesson 2
Lesson 2

REFERENCES
Davis, Raymond E., et.al, Modern Chemistry. Austin, Texas: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
2002.
Bayquen, Aristea V., et.al, Exploring Life Through Science Series Senior High School
General Chemistry 2. Quezon City: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. 2016.
Barrameda, Ma. Corazon, et.al, Teaching Guide for Senior High School General Chemistry
2. Quezon City: EC-TEC Commercial. 2016.
Padolina, Ma. Cristina D., et.al, Conceptual and Functional Chemistry-Modular Approach.
Quezon City: Vibal Publishing House, Inc. 2010.
Ilao, Luciana V., et.al, General Chemistry 2. Manila: Rex Book Store. 2017

Petrucci, Harwood, Herring, and Madura. General Chemistry: Principles and Modern
Applications. 9th ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, 2007.

ONLINE RESOURCES
https://images.app.goo.gl/6RQL8TmSTmp7DUPt6
https://images.app.goo.gl/bnW4sminaBDSpC6e9
https://images.app.goo.gl/RY8eaNCnoKHeFDdG9

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WBLS-OBE MELC-Aligned Self-Learning Module General Chemistry 2 23