Chapter 7:

Short Time Fourier Analysis

X(f )
X [k ]

k f
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

X [k ] 7 4 3 2 2 1 0 5 6 3 4 2 1 0 5 7 k f
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

X [k ] k f
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
 f X ( f , t)
k

7 2 7 6 6 4 3 1 4 X [ n, k ]
6 1 6 5 7 1 5 2 0
5 7 0 4 2 5 6 0 2
f
4 2 2 5 0 5 6 4 5
3 4 4 1 0 2 4 1 1 k
2 0 6 1 0 7 7 2 4
7
1 4 0 7 6 2 0 2 5
n 6
0 2 1 1 6 6 7 0 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5

1
n
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Resolution and Multiresolution

f X [ n, k ]

7 2 7 6 6 4 3 1 4
6 1 6 5 7 1 5 2 0
5 7 0 4 2 5 6 0 2
4 2 2 5 0 5 6 4 5
3 4 4 1 0 2 4 1 1
2 0 6 1 0 7 7 2 4
1 4 0 7 6 2 0 2 5
0 2 1 1 6 6 7 0 3 n
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
STFT:

f f

k X [ n, k ] k X [ n, k ]
7 2 7 6 6 4 3 1 4 7 2 7 6 6 4 3 1 4
6 1 6 5 7 1 5 2 0 6 1 6 5 7 1 5 2 0
5 7 0 4 2 5 6 0 2 5 7 0 4 2 5 6 0 2
4 2 2 5 0 5 6 4 5 4 2 2 5 0 5 6 4 5
3 4 4 1 0 2 4 1 1 3 4 4 1 0 2 4 1 1
2 0 6 1 0 7 7 2 4 2 0 6 1 0 7 7 2 4
1 4 0 7 6 2 0 2 5 1 4 0 7 6 2 0 2 5
0 2 1 1 6 6 7 0 3 n 2 1 1 6 6 7 0 3 n
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
 
X ( j)   x(t ) e  j t dt


X ( e j )   x[ n
n  
] e  j n

N 1 2
j
X [k ]   x[n] e
kn
N

n 0
Mathematicians: χ  ..., x 1 , , x0 , x1 , x2 ,...
Presentation
χ  x  n

Presentation
Engineers: χ  ..., x[1], x[0], x[1], x[2],... χ  x[n]
or
x[n] x[m]

... or
... n m
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 6 8 9 10

 or 

DTFT X (e )  j
 x[n] e  j n j
X (e )   x[
m  
m ] e  j m

n  
N 1 2 N 1 2
or j
X [k ]   x[m] e
j km
X [k ]   x[n] e
kn
N
DFT N

n 0 m 0
χ  ..., x 1 , , x0 , x1 , x2 ,...


DTSTFT
j
X (e , n )   x[m]w[n  m] e
m  
 j m

N 1 2
j
X [k , n]   x[m] w[n  m]e
km
DSTFT N

m 0
 
X ( n,  )   x[m]w[n  m] e
m  
 j m
 
X ( n,  )   x[m]w[n  m] e
m  
 j m

  X (n,  )  F f n [n]
f n [m]  x[m]w[n  m]  X ( n,  )   f [ m] e
n
 j m

m   f n [n]  F 1X (n,  )
nm
f n [n]  x[n]w[0] 
1

j n
f n [ n]  X ( n ,  ) e d
2 

1

j n
if : w[0]  0 x[n]  X ( n ,  ) e d
2 w[0] 
 2
1 N 1

j nk
y[n]  X ( n, k ) e N
N w[0] k 0
