Department of Mechanical Engineering –GEC,BHUJ

ASSIGNMENT-1

SUBJECT : HEAT TRANSFER – 3151909

TOPIC : STEADY STATE HEAT CONDUCTION
1 Do as directed :
1) Define Thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity
2) Define Overall heat transfer coefficient
3) Define Thermal resistance
2 Write general heat conduction equation in spherical co-ordinates and find
analytical solution of temperature distribution for radial heat conduction for
steady state heat conduction with no heat generation.
3 Derive equation of heat transfer by conduction through composite wall.
4 Write general heat conduction equation for non-homogeneous material, self-heat
generating and unsteady three-dimensional heat flow in cylindrical co- ordinates.
Name and state the unit of each variable.
Step 1. Reduces above equation to one dimensional.
Step 2. Reduces step 1 equation for steady and without heat generation.
Step 3. Reduces step 2 equation for homogeneous and isotropic material
Step 4. Reduces step 3 equation to r(dt/dr) = constant.
5 What do you understand by critical radius of insulation? Draw rough sketch
showing variation in heat transfer with respect to radius of insulation. Derive the
equation for critical radius of insulation for cylinder.
6 A furnace wall comprises three layers: 13.5 cm thick inside layer of fire brick, 7.5
cm thick middle layer of insulating brick and 11.5 cm thick outside layer of red
brick. The furnace operates at 8700 and it is anticipated that the outside of this
composite wall can be maintained at 400 by the circulation of air. Assuming close
bonding of layers at their interfaces, find the rate of heat loss from the furnace and
the wall interface temperature. The wall measures 5m *2m and the data on
thermal conductivities are:
Thermal conductivity of fire brick = 1.2 W/m-K
Thermal conductivity of insulating brick = 0.14 W/m-K
Thermal conductivity of red brick = 0.85 W/m-K
7 The interior of a refrigerator has inside dimensions 60 cm X 45 cm base area and
120 cm high. The composite wall is made of two 3 mm mild steel sheets ( k =145
kJ/m-hr-K) with 6 cm of glass wool ( k =0.188 kJ/m-hr-K) insulation sandwiched
between them. The average values of convective heat transfer coefficients at the
interior and exterior wall are 40.8 and 52.3 (kJ/m2-hr-K) respectively.
I. Calculate the individual resistance of this composite wall and the resistances
at the surfaces, and the overall conductance.
II. Draw the thermal circuit
III. For the air temperature inside the refrigerator at 6.50C and outside of 250C,
Determine the rate at which heat must be removed from the refrigerator. Also,
calculate the temperature on the outer surface of the metal sheet.
8 The hot combustion gases at flow through a hollow cylindrical pipe of 10 cm
inner diameter and 12 cm outer diameter. The pipe is located in a space at 300C
and the thermal conductivity of the pipe material is 200 W/m-K . Neglecting
 surface heat transfer coefficients, calculate the heat loss through the pipe per unit
length and the temperature at a point halfway between the inner and outer surface.
9 An insulation steam pipe of 16 cm diameter is covered with 4 cm thick layer of
Insulation (k = 0.9 W/m-K) and carries process steam. Determine the percentage
change in the rate of heat loss if an extra 2 cm thick layer of lagging (k = 1.25 W/m-
K) is provided. Given that surrounding temperature remains constant and the heat
transfer coefficient for both the configurations is 12 W/m2 –K.
10 A wire of radius 3 mm and 1.25 m length is to be maintained at 60 0C by insulating
it by a material of thermal conductivity 0.175 W/m-K. . The temperature of
surrounding air is 20 0C with heat transfer coefficient is 8.5 W/m2 –K. For
maximum heat dissipation,
determine:
i. minimum thickness of insulation and the heat loss
ii. Percentage increase in heat loss due to insulation