English Class

Who vs Whom
Who is a relative pronoun uses when we replace a word which refers to the
subject of sentence or when it asks about the name of someone or group of
people.

If you can replace the pronoun with he, she or it, who will be correct.

Example: Jane is my friend who likes reading.

Who was on the phone?

Whom is a relative pronoun uses when we replace a word which refers to the
object of sentence. Whom usually comes after a preposition

If you can substitute the pronoun with him or her, you should use whom.

That is the man to whom I gave the pen or That is the man whom I gave the
pen to.

Whom should I help?

Vocabulary

Easygoing = a person who doesn’t worry much or get angry easily.

Egoistical = someone who has a high opinion of him- or herself

Inflexible = a person who doesn’t change easily and is stubborn

Modest = someone who doesn’t brag about his or her accomplishment.

Outgoing = a person who enjoys being with other people.

Stingy = someone who doesn’t like giving or spending money

Supportive = someone who is helpful and encouraging.

Temperamental = a person who has unpredictable or irregular moods.

Unrealiable = a person who doesn’t do what he or she promised.

Sufficient = enough for a purpose.

Forums = places where a discussion can take place

Appreciate = to like and be grateful for something

Activists = people who want to accomplish political or social change

Strategies = plans of action.

If clauses + adverbial clauses with when

I like it when a teacher is helpul and supportive

I don’t mind it when a friend visits without calling me first.

I can’t stand It when a child screams in a restaurant.

It makes me happy when people do nice things for no reason

It bothers me when my doctor arrives late for an appointment.

It upsets me when a close friend forgets my birthday.

It annoys me when people are direct and say what’s on their mind.

Gerund phrases as subjects

Being a flight attendant sounds exciting.

Working as a veterinarian could be rewarding.

A gerund phrase takes a singular verb

Gerund phrases as objects

He’d love being a flight attendant

She’d good at directing a TV show.

Comparisions

With adjective

... is more/less interesting than...

...is harder than...

...is not as hard as...

With noun

...has better/worse hours than...

...has more education than...

... isn’t as much work as...

With verbs

...earns less/more than...

...earns as much as...

...doesn’t earn as much as...

With past participle

...is better paid than...

... is as well paid as...

... isn’t as well paid as...

Vocabulary

Silly = stupid, foolish

Bitter = unpleasant taste, unhappy for something

Widower – viúvo

Request with modals

Can I borrow you pen, please?

Could you lend me a jacket, please?

Is it Ok if I use your phone?

Do you mind if I use your laptop for a minute?

Would it be all right if I compared our homework?

Would you mind if I borrowed your new câmera?

Would you mind babysitting my kids on Saturday night?

I was wondering if I could borrow some money

Collocations

A favor – return, do, ask for

An apology – owe, offer, accept

An invitation – receive, accept, turn down

A gift – receive, give, accept

A phone call – return, make, receive

A request – accept, make, decline

A compliment – receive, return, give

Vocabulary

Lend – to allow someone to have or use something that belongs to you for a
short time.

Borrow – to take and use someting that belongs to someone else for a short
time.

Statement: Jeff, Tony is having a party.

Indirect request: Could you tell Jeff (that) Tony is having a party?

Imperatives: Jeff, don’t be late

Indirect request: Can you tell Jeff not to be late?

Yes/No questions:

1 – Sofia, are you free on Friday?

2 – Sofia, do you have my number?

Indirect request:

Can you ask Sofia if she’s free on Friday?

Could you ask her whether or not she has my number?

Wh- questions
Jeff, when does the party start?

Sofia, what time should I pick you up?

Indirect questions

Can you ask Jeff when the party starts?

Could you ask Sofia what time I should pick her up?

Past Continuous: Use the past continuous for an ongoing action in the past or
an action that was in progress (longer action) when another action interrupted it.

Specific time as an interruption and parallel actions.

I was watching TV when the phone rang.

While she was doing her homework her brother was playing football.

Put on – wear

Make – produce, build

Prepare – to get something ready for something that will happen in the future.

Simple past: Use the simple past for na event that interrupts that action or
actions that happened immediately one after the other in the past

Past perfect: Use the past perfect for an event that occurred before another
event in the past.

Cause and effect (combine with past simple) – I got stuck in traffic because
there had been an accident

Emphasize the result of an activity in the past.

Time expressions: already, yet, for, since, just, after, before, until, the moment
that

Usually, when someone uses after to describe one action before other, the
sentence before after usually comes with past perfect.

Vocabulary

Trip – stumble
Break someone’s neck – It means someone are threatening to hurt you very
badly because they are angry with you.

Catch some rays – to get some Sunshine, especially for the purpose of relaxing.

Catch a glimpse – see something for a brief time

Catch a chill – pegar resfriado

Catch one’s breath – recuperar o fôlego

Do harm – to have a bad effect on somebody or something

Pay a fine – pagar multa

Pay interest – pagar juros

Noun phrases containing relative clauses – Someone could write a

sentence without the relative clauses when one ter mis the object of the
another sentence that isn’t have preposition or comma.

Noun phrase – in portuguese, we call this núcleo do sujeito or núcleo do

objeto. There are few words to specified the headword.

One thing (that) I’d really miss is my mom’s cooking.

Something (that) I’d be nervous about is communicating in a new language.

Two people (who/that) I’d really call every week are my parentes

It’s the custom to, is expected to, is supposed to, it is acceptable to

Vocabulary

Chip - a small piece that has been broken off a larger object, or the mark left on
an object such as a cup, plate, etc. where a small piece has been broken off it.

Crack – break

Dent - a small hollow mark in the surface of something, caused by pressure or

by being hit, amassado

Leak – escape
Scratch – mark the surface of something with a sharp or pointed object -
arranhar

Stain – make Dirty marks that are not easily removed, mancha

Torn – rip up, rasgar

Blouse – a short for a Woman or a girl

Regarding – with respect to, concerning

Pipe – cano

Flow – fluxo

Faucet - a device that controls the flow of liquid, especially water.

Loose – folgado

Lining – revestimento

Bumper - a horizontal bar fixed across the front or back of a motor vehicle to
reduce damage in a collision or as a trim (decorate)

Mug - caneca

Describing problems

The suitcase lining is torn or it has a tear in it or there’s a hole in it.

The car is damaged or there is some damage on the bumper

The coffee mug is chipped or there is a chip in it.

My pants are stained or They have a stain on them.

The camera lens is scratched or there are few scratches on it.

The washing machine is leaking or it has a leak.

This one is cracked or this one has a crack in it.

My car is dented or it has a dent in it.

Some verbs are formed by adding -en or -n to a noun or adjective, like: lenght –
lenghten, loose – loosen
Passive infinitves – to be + past participle or gerunds

Try out – food

Try on - clothes

Need + gerund Need + passive infinite Keep + gerund

The oven needs It needs to be adjusted Everything keeps
adjusting burning
The alarm needs fixing It needs to be fixed The alarm keeps going
off
Vocabulary

Rug – carpet

Lampshade – a decorative covering around an electric light that reduces its

brightness or controls where it shines.

Ceiling fan – it’s a device commonly uses on the ceiling for cooling (resfriar) the
space or room

Go off – stop working

Stick – to cause something to become fixed, for example with glue or another
similar substance. Can’t press

Gear – engreganem. A device, often consisting of connecting sets of wheels

with teeth (points) around the edge, that controls how much power from an
engine goes to the moving parts of a machine.

Wire – metal thread

Stove – a large box-shaped device that is used to cook and heat food, either by
putting the food inside or by putting it on the top.

Stuck – unable to move

Flicker – the shine with a light that is sometimes bright and sometimes weak

Jam – block. Something that is stuck in a machine, or that prevents the parts of
a machine from moving

Vocabulary
Hang in there – aguente firme. Said as a way of telling someone to not give up,
despite difficulties.

Same old, same old – Used to say that a situation or someone’s behaviour
remains the same, especially when its boring or annoying.

Skim – to read or consider something quickly in order to understand the main

points, without studying it in details

Spot – see

Book – arrange, organize, plan, schedule

Vocabulary

Mishap – an unlucky accident

Pothole – buraco, a deep natural underground cavity formed by the erosion of

rock, especially by the action of water.

Overbuilding – to build houses or commercial developments in excess of

demand

Through – através

Shelter - a place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger.

Livestock – pecuária

Harm – injury

Eat up – comer tudo, consumir, afligir, destruir

Rain forest – floresta tropical

Passive with prepositions

The air is being polluted by fumes from cars and trucks.

City streets are being damaged as a result of heavy traffic.

Potholes aren’t being repaired due to a lack of funding.

Many parks have been lost through overbuilding.

The homeless have been displaced because of overcrowding in city shelters.

Vocabulary

Runoff – it is Chemical and animal excrement that flow into rivers and lakes and
pollute the environment, escoar.

Crop – a plant such as a grain, fruit or vegetable grown in large amounts,

colheita

Rainfall – the amount of rain

Drought – a prolonged period of abnormally low rainfall, leading to a shortage of

water.

Afford – provide or supply (an opportunity or facility)

Refuse – trash

Bury – put or hide under ground

Fill in – put material into a hole, trench, or space so that is completely full

Landfill – a place to dispose of refuse and other waste materials by burying it

and covering it over with soil. Especially as a method of filling in or extending
usable land, aterro

Political unrest – riots, general strikes and anti-government demonstrations, that

is a legal or ilegal collective actions aimed Against the national political authority
and not involving any military violence.

Infinitive clauses and phrases

One way to change things is to talk to the company’s management

Another way to stop them is to get a TV station to run a story.

The best ways to fight cancer are to do more research and educate people.

Contaminate – contamination

Contribute – contribution

Create – creation

Deplete – depletion
Destruct – destruction

Educate – education

Pollute – pollution

Populate – population

Protect – protection

Reduce – reduction

Vocabulary

Deplete – consume, use up, to reduce something in size or amount, esp.

supplies, energy or Money

Rain-gear – water-resistant clothing

Labor – work

Wool – lã, it is a sheep hair uses for making clothes

Lightweight – leve

Brand – product, flame, mark, judge

Issue – publicar, publishing

Thumbnail – miniatura; a small picture of an image or page layout

Flier – a small handbill adverstising an event or product.

Handbill – something distributed by hand, usually adverstisement.

Prebuilt – prefabricated

Hover – to stay at or near a particular level.

Hue – color, tone, shade

Crop – remove part of a photo or other image in order to produce a better

picture or to fit a given space.

Flip – overturn, turn over, change the position with a sudden quick movement.

Shift – move (data) one or more places to the right or left in a register.
Brochure – a small book or magazine containing pictures and information about
a product or servisse; pamphflet, booklet; folheto

Drag – move an icon or other image acroos a computer screen using a tool
such as a mouse.

Outward – of, on, or from the outside; exterior.

Trend – tendency, movement, shift

Shrink – become or make smaller in size or amount.

Layer – sheet, covering

Bland – uninteresting, boring, tedious.

Populate – occupy

Chill – coldness

Grid – pattern/structure made from horizontal and vertical lines crossing each
other to form squares.

Trim – a short piece of film cut out during the final editing stage.

Still image – this is a frozen picture which communicates meanig.

Grab – a frame of vídeo or television footage, digitized and stored as a still

image in a computer memory for subsequent display, printing or editing.

Mock up – a full-size model of something large that has not yet been built,
showing how it will look or operate

Whatnot – used to refer to an item or items that are not identified but are felt to
have something in common with items already named.

Seize – take forcible

Grasp – seize and hold firmly

Would rather or would prefer

Would rather takes the base form of the verb. Would prefer usually takes an
infinitve. Both are followed by not in the negative.
Rather than means instead of and can be used in combination with would rather
and would prefer.

We use would rather or would prefer to talk about specific preferences

We always use would rather with a verb.

Would you rather take a business or communications class?

I’d rather take a communication class.

I’d rather not take either.

I’d rather take another course than study business or communications.

Would you prefer to study business or communications?

I’d prefer to study business.

I’d prefer not to study either.

Let’s join the club.

I’d rather not join a club.

I’d rather not.

I’d prefer not to join a club.

I’d prefer not to.

Vocabulary

Afford – have enough money, pay for

Get to – deal with a task in planned course

Further – additional

Appeal – interesting

Point out – indicar, mostrar, apontar

Trap – it is a way to catch a animal

Sting - a small sharp-pointed organ at the end of the abdomen of bees capable
of inflicting a painful or dangerous wound (injury) by injecting poison.
Poison - a substance that is capable of causing the illness or death of a living
organism when introduced or absorbed

Job shadowing – the activity of speding time with someone who is doing a
particular job so that you can learn how to do it.

Crunch – difficulty situation

Concern – worry

Budget – orçamento

Suitable – right or appropriate for a particular person, purpose, or situation.

Fitting

Keep track of – remain fully aware of or informed about, keep up with, record

Slang - a type of language that consists of words and phrases that are regarded
as very informal, are more common in speech than writing, and are typically
restricted to a particular context or group of people

By + gerund to describe how to do things

You could improve your accent by listening to language CDs.

I learn new words best by writing them on pieces of paper and sticking them
on things.

The best way to learn slang is not by watching the News but by watching
movies

Vocabulary

Concentrate – focus attention on something

Identical – exactly the same

Approach – way of doing something

Sitting – period of activity without a break

Clutter – objects in a state of disorder

Penny – one-cent coin

Wax – cera, a solid substance containing a lot of fat that becomes soft and
melts when warm.

Errand – task, job

Odd – strange, weird, peculiar

Do laundry – to wash dirty clothes

Grocery – it is a store where someone can buy food

Cubed – valor elevado ao cubo

Either...or – escolha entre duas coisas, ou um ou o outro

Inclusive – ou

Implication – se...então

Keep – cause to continue in a specific condition, position, course etc.

If – indica as causas e consequências de forma explícita

Whether – as possibilidades não são explícitas ou delimita duas possibilidades

Double implication – bicondicional

Work out – draw up, demonstrate

Remark – observe, say, comment

Assign – allocate, give

Build up – develop

Break up with – end a romantic relationship with

Come up with – think of, develop

Look forward to – be excited for

Keep up with – continue to learn about

Get along with – have a good relationship with

Cut down on – reduce the quantify of

Put up with – tolerate

Take care of – be responsible for

Work out – develop, resolver

Mown – cut down plants with a machine

Yard – a piece of land next to a house, usually used for growning flowers, grass
and other plants.

Lawn – gramado. An area of grass, especially near to a house or in a park, that

is cut regularly to keep it short

Storage - the putting and keeping of things in a special place for use in the
future

Afford – provide

Clean – geralmente, envolve ações de limpeza que não envolvem água

(remoção de sujeira, colocar as coisas em ordem). Alguns casos, pode
envolver o uso de água: cleaning the bathroom

Wash – geralmente, envolve ações de limpeza com água (lavar as mãos, lavar
a cabeça)

Cheat – avoid; a person who behaves dishonestly in order to gain an

advantage, swindler, trickster

Plot someone demise – plan someone death

Free stuff – free objects

Clumsy – awkward in movement or handling things (desajeitado); ungainly,

graceless

People person – a person who enjoys or is particularly good at interacting with

others

Go Dutch – to go to a movie, restaurant as a group with each person paying for

his or her own ticket, food

Alias – used to indicate that a named person is also known (aka) or more
familiar under another specified name; pseudonym, sobriquet (nickname)
Larp – a type of interactive role-playing game in which the participants portray
characters through physical action, often in costume and with props (something
used as a support.

Apes - monkey

Freeloader – a person who takes advantage of others’ generosity without giving

anything in return (sanguessuga)

Feel up – to touch someone sexually, especially someone you do not know, for
your own excitement

Carry a tune – to be able to sing the correct musical sounds of a tune

Keep up – to be able to understand or deal with something that is happening or

changing very fast

Stay in – to stay in your home

Groundbreaking – original and important; showing a new way of doing or

thinking about things.

Endlessly – infinitamente; in a way that has or seems to have no end or limit.

Get or have something done

Use get or have, the object, and the past participle of the verb to describe a
service performed for you by someone else

Do something yourself Get/Have something done for you

I clean my house every week
He is panting his bedroom
They fixed the sink
Did you paint your bedroom?
Where can I wash my car?
Making suggests
I get my house cleaned every week
He is having his bedroom painted
They got the sink fixed
Did you have your bedroom painted?
Where can I have my car washed?

With modals + verbs

Maybe you could take part in a singing group.

With gerunds
What about joining a running club?

Have you thought about asking your friends to introduce you around?

With negative questions

Why don’t you do some volunteer work?

With infinitives

One option is to join a club.

It might be a good idea to check out the cultural events at the university.

Vocabulary

Clash – conflict

Afford – proporcionar

Pocketbook – carteira

Vacuum cleaner – aspirador de pó. An electrical apparatus that by means of

suction collects dust and small particles from floors and other surfaces

Toilet – a fixed receptacle in which a person may urinate or defecate. Restroom,

lavatory

Microwave – an electrical oven that uses waves of energy to cook or heat food
quickly.

Washing machine – a machine for washing clothes e bed linens (roupas de

cama)

Blender – an electrical machine used in kitchen for breaking down foods or

making smooth (tasting pleasant) liquid substances for soft foods and liquids

Shower – a device that releases drop of water through a lot of very small holes
and that you under to wash your hole body

Fridge – a piece of kitchen equipment that uses electricity to preserve food at a

cold temperature

Trend – tendency, drift, current, fad, craze

Wristband – a piece of material that goes around a wrist, for example to hold a
watch.

Arcade – an area where there are many eletronic or other coin-operated games
for public.

Flood – to cause or fill or become covered with water, especially in a way that
causes problem

Referring to time in the past

A point or period of time in the past

When did World War II take place?

During the 1940s. In the 1940s. Over 70 years ago.

How long were The Beatles together?

From 1960 to 1970. For ten years.

A period of time that continues into the presente

How long has the United Nations been in existence?

Since 1945. Since World War II ended. For about the last 70 years.

Vocabulary

Flip/Give sb the Bird – to show someone in a offensive way that you are angry
with that person by turning back of your hand towards them and putting your
middle finger up.

Catastrophe

Appreciate

Revolution

Assassination

Consideration

Identify

Disadvantage
Communication

Rabies – very contagious and fatal viral disease of dogs and other mammals
that causes madness and convulsions, transmissible through

Landmine – a bomb that is put on or under the ground and that explodes when
a person step in it or vehicle drives over it.

Rid – freedom. Make someone or something free of (a troublesome or

unwanted person or thing)

Well over – much more than

Smallpox – an extremely infectious disease that causes fever, marks on the

skin and often death. Varíola

Scar – mark on the skin

Cowpox - mildly eruptive disease of cows that when transmitted to otherwise

healthy humans produces immunity to smallpox. The cowpox virus is closely
related to variola, the causative virus of smallpox

Otherwise - in circumstances different from those present or considered

Mild – not severe, lenient, pitying

At the beginning – is used to refer to the start or first part of something. It is

usually followed by of. Example: at the beginning of every year, people make
lots of promise.

In the beginning – means “at first”, and it usually suggests a contrast with a later
situation. It is not usually followed by of. Example: in the beginning, I didn’t like
her. But then, I realized she is a wonderful person.

Beside – is a preposition. It means “at the side of” or “next to”. It is rather formal.
Example: there was a small table beside the bed, on which there was a book.

Besides – is a preposition or a linking adverb. It means “in addition to” or “also”.

What other types of music do you like besides classical.

In the middle or in the middle of the

The San Marino

Predicting the future with will

1 – Use will to predict future events or situations.

We will spend vacations in space.

2 – Use future continuous to predict ongoing situations. É uma ação que

ocorrerá no futuro e terá um progresso por um período de tempo.

Humans beings will be living on another planet

3 – Use the future perfect to predict actions that will be completed by a certain
time. We usually use a time phrase

Within 50 years, we will have set up a research center on Mars.

Future continuous – a partir de um período de tempo, a coisa continuará

Future perfect – algo no futuro que ocorrerá antes de alguma coisa no futuro

Vocabulary

Human Being – ser humano

Set up – establish, inaugurate

Redundancy – not employed, not needed

Help yourself – to take something for youself, sirva-se, fique à vontade

Clingy – staying close, a clingy person stays close to and depends on a person
who is taking care of them

Flaw – a fault, a mistake, or weakness, especially one that happens while

something is being planned or made, or that causes something not to be
perfect.

Perk – an advantage

Timekeeping – the ability to arrive at a place at the time expected.

Mushroom – to grow quickly

Skycraper – a very tall building of many stories

Milestone – important event or a post/stone at the side of the road that shows
distance to various place, especially to the nearest large town

By Within
Not later than Some time during
Points in time Periods of time
By 2050, we wil have eliminated Within the next five years, people will
starvation around the world have invented mobile phone apps for
nearly everything

Vocabulary

Mob – plebe, a large angry crowd, especially one that could easily become
violent

Witness – someone who is asked to be present at a particular event and sign

their name in order to prove that things have been done correctly

Seed – a small, round or oval objetct produced by a plant and from which, when
it is plant, a new plant can grow

Suck out – remove, take away

Growl – to make a low, rough (violent) sound, usually in anger. The dog growled
at her and snapped at her ankles.

Fleck – a small mark, esp. of a different color

Prairie – a wide area of flat (plano) land without trees in Canada and the
Northern US

Plow – a tool farm uses to remove something into the earth

Spatter – to drop small drops of liquid, etc. on a surface (borrifar)

Once – as soon as, or from the moment when (assim que)

Until – Up to (the time that), até, antes

Carefree – having no problems or not being worried about anything.

Unsophisticated – not complicated, not educated, or without a good
understanding of culture.

Naive – innocent, artless, inexperienced

Argumentative – given to expressing divergent or opposite views, quarrelsome,

bickering

Turn point – a point at which a significant change occurs.

Bump into – to meet someone you know when you have planned to meet them.

Pragmatic - pratical

Time Clauses

Before I graduated from high school. I had never worked.

After I graduated, I went to Alaska to work as a fisherman

Once (a partir do momento)I moved away from home, I learned to take care
of myself

The moment I moved away from home, I felt like a different person

As soon as I got my own bank account, I started to be more responsible

Until I moved to Alaska, I had never been away from home.

By the time I went to college, I had already lived away from home.

Vocabulary

Take out – obtaining a loan by fullfilling the conditions and paying money that is
necessary

Hose – pipe, a flexible tube conveying water, used chiefly for watering plants
and in firefighting; pantyhose (meia-calça)

Drop dead – used to emphasize that someone or something is extremely

attractive.

Regret verb -ing

Outcome – result
Afford – proporcionar, provide

Sunscreen – a substance that you put on your skin to prevent it from been
damaged by the sun.

Expressing regret and describing hypotetical situations

Use should have + past participle to express regrets.

I should have done an internship while I was in college.

I shouldn’t have taken out a student loan

Use would have + past participle to express probable outcomes in a hypotetical

situation

Use could have + past participle to express probable outcomes.

Imaginar uma situação diferente para o passado.

If I’d listened to my professors, I would have taken additional classes.

If I hadn’t been so irresponsible, I could have gotten better grades

Give something to somebody or give you something

Vocabulary

Gothic trapping – acessórios góticos

Latercomer – a person who arrives late

Carve – to cut a solid material so as to form something.

Creepy – having or causing a uneasy feeling from horror or fear

Curb - control, restrain or check

Trick or treating – an activity in which children dress up as magical or

frightening creatures or as characters from a story on Halloween, and visit
people’s homes to demand sweets.

Hayride – a fun ride, usually at night, by a group in an open wagon (carro) or

truck partly filled with hay (feno).

Forego – to give up or do without

Scholars – a very educated person, especially one who has profound
knowledge of a particular subject.

Ghoul – an evil demon that feeds on (alimentar) human beings, and especially
robs graves (sepulturas) and eats corpses (a dead body)

Trick – deceive

Treat – special experience

Jack-o’-lantern - abóbora iluminada

Undo – cancel or reverse the effects or results of (a previous action or

measure).

Smooth over – to make problems, difficulties, or disagreements less serious or

easier to solve, usually by talking to the people involved.

Get on – to have a good relationship: he doesn’t get on with his daughter. To

manage or deal with a situation, especially successfully: we’re getting on quite
well with the decoration

Short fase- quick or violent temper

Heartfelt- very sincere

Everlasting – lasting forever or for a long time.

Shuffle – mix cards

Knowledgeable – well informed

Time off – free time

Industrious – hard-working, diligent

Tough – a person who is able to deal with difficult situations and not be easily
defeated, frightened (fear) or upset.

Affordable - acessível

Dizzy – confusing and very fast

Lizard – a small reptile that has a long body, four short legs, a long tail, and
thick (grosso) skin

Trendy – fashionable

Appeal – attractive, interesting

Advertise – publicize

Homemaker – dono de casa

Slender - slim

Describing purpose

Infinitive clauses

To attract talented professionals, a company should offer competitive salaries.

(In order) to finance a new bussiness, it’s a good idea to get a bank loan.

Infinitive clauses with for

For a small company to be profitable, it should have a good marketing plan.

(In order) for an app to succeed, it has to be easy to use.

For introducing

Giving reasons

The Firefly (vaga-lume) is famous for its fantastic music.

I like the Dizzy Lizard because it’s always packed.

Since it’s always so packed, there’s a long wait outside the club.

It’s popular because of the trendy people.

Due to the crowds, the Dizzy Lizard is difficult to get into.

The reason (that/why) people go there is just to be seen.