Explanation

VAP mortality, hospital cost, and length of stay.

Because it days aftis a nosocomial infection, signs and symptoms associated with VAP usually present
within 02-3 er initiation of mechanical ventilation (MV). Characteristic clinical manifestations of VAP
include rature (>100.4 F [38 C]), and new or progressive pulmonary infiltrates suggestive of pneumonia
on chest x-ray.

(Option 1) Blood-tinged sputum may occur but is not the best indicator of VAP.

(Option 2 tempef VAP. Positive blood cultures could be from another source of infection

(Option 4) Rhonchi and crackle) Positive blood cultures may identify the microorganism causing the
infection but are not the best indicator opurulent sputum is the second most common health care-
associated infection (HAI) in the United States and is associated with increased, positive sputum culture,
lmonary edema or just from increased mucous secretions. They are not the best indicator of VAP.

Educational objecleukocytosis (12,000 mm3), elevated s are adventitious lung sounds associated with
pneumonia but can sputum be present in putive: VAP is an manifestations of VAP include purulent
secretions, positive culture, leukocytosis, elevated temperature, and new or progressive pulmonary
infiltrates on chest x-ray. HAI that usually occurs within 02-3 days after the initiation of mechanical
ventilation. Characteristic

ation asymptomatic but usually seek care when a profuse, frothy, yellow-green, malodorous vagi

Vaginal inflamm nal discharge is

OUWorld Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by Tnchomonas vaginalis. Infected

clients may be noted

. Pruritus, dysuria, and dycommon drug used to treat trichomoniasis. Client education includes:

• Abstain from setaking metronidazole and for 3 days after completion of therapy because the
combination can cause flushing, nausexual intspareunia (ie. pain during sex) may also occur. Oral
metronidazole (

and Flagyl) is the most

ercourse until the infection is cleared (le, about 1 week after treatment) (Option 1). • Avoid drinking
alcohol while a/vomiting, severe abdominal pain (Option 2). • Have partner(s) treated simultaneously to
avoid reinfection. Use condoms to prevent the infection in the future (Option 3) • Know that potential
side effects may include a metallic taste, gastrointestinal upset, or dark-colored urine (Option 4).
(Option 5) ng is not recommended as it gets rid of good bacteria and alters the pH of the vagina, he risk
for of metronidazole infection (eg, ba y using Vaginal douchinscented products, wear
breathablincreasing te undergarments. and report persisting odors/transmitted cterial vaginosis). Teach
the client to cleanse the exterior vulva discharge to the health oniasis is a sexuall infection that may
cause a frothy, malodorous, yellow-green care provider. only u

Educational objective: Trichom vaginal dischar dance of alcohol, treatment of sexual partners, abenxuce
activity until the symptoms resolve (ie, about 1 week after treatment), and awareness of possible s leg,
dark-colored urine). ge. Appropriate teaching for clients undergoing treatment with oral from seal
stinmetazole includes avoi

side effect

ccurs when gastric astrojsurgery (gejunostomy) removes part of the stomach and shortens the upper
contents

Billroth II gastrointestinal tract. ronidAfter a partial gastrectomy, many clients experience dumping
syndrome, which o empty too rapidly into the du um, causing a fluid shift into the small intestine. This
results in hypotens occuce of symptoms, clients should oden avoid fluids with meals and lie down after
eating to slow gastric emptying ion, abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, dizziness, generalized sweating,
and tachycardia.

To reduce the (Optrrenion 4 emptying.

(Option 1) Hypoglycemia can cause symptoms). An upright or sitting position increases the force of
gravity, which increases the rate of gastric

similar to those of dumping syndrome (eg, sweating, dizziness) but is unlikely to occur 30 minutes after
eating.

(Option 2) Clients meals.

(Option 3) Reports of dizziness should avoid ens symconsuming fluids with meals, which causes stomach
contents to pass faster into the jejunum and worsptoms. Fluid intake should occur at least 30 minutes
before/after

after standing may indicate orthostatic hypotension and warrant assessment of blood pressu

Educational objective: C, volients are at risk of dumping syndrome after a gastrectomy and may
experience abdominal cramping, nauseamiting, and diarrhea. To delay gastric emptying, clients should
avoid fluids with meals and lie re while lying and standing; dizziness after eating is indicative of dumping
syndrome. down after eating.