ed, pain in the muscles of the legs during exercise. known as intermittent claudication.

is usually relieved
with rest However, with critical artenal narrowing, pain can be present at rest have lost elasticity due to
calcification of the artery walls; and are narrowed by atherosclerotic plaques (made up of fat and fibrin).
Pain due to decreased blood flow is the most common symptorn of PAD. Crarnping and is typically
described as 'burning pain" that is worsened by elevating the legs and improved when the legs are
dePeripheral artery to the area, resulting in inadequate supply of oxygen and need for the infant to
create suction Using a squeezable boftle allows the caregiver to apply pressure in rhythm with the
infant's own sucking gangrene occur usually at the most distal part of the body; where circulation is
poorest. Clients should be advised that a progressive walking program will aid the development of
collateral circulation

(Options 1, 2, and 3) Chronic venous and swallowing Skin becomes cool. dry. shiny, and hairless (due to
lack of oxygen). Ulcers and

insufficiency refers to inadequate venous blood return to the heart. Too much venous blood (Option 5).
• These infants swallow large amounts of air during feeding and so need to be burped more often to
avoid with a (Option 2) nutrients to area cells and the developrnent of stasis ulcers, which are typically
found brown pigmentation Educational objecbve: The pain of peripheral artery disease is arterial in
nature and results from decreased blood flow to the legs. It is made worse with leg elevation. Arterial
ulcers are formed at the most distal end of the body. Venous ulcers form over the medial stomach
distension and regurgitation around the medial side of the ankle. By the end of the day or after
prolonged standing, the legs become edematous with dull pain due to venous engorgement The skin of
the lower leg becomsupport sequence is cornpressions. aimay, a. breathing (mnemonic - CAB). High-
quality CPR is associated wies thick malleolus, and compression bandaging is needed to reduce the
pressure.

The basic life th improved client outcomes and begins with high-quality chest compressions (ie. 100-
120/min, 2-2.4 in [5-6 cm] deep advised, the nurse should resume high-quality chest compressions
immediately (Option 3). compressions should not be). Any unwitnessed collapse should be treat. with 2
minutes of CPR, followed by activating the emergency response system and obtaining an automated
external defibrillator If no shock is

(Option 1) Chest

interrupted for more than 10 seconds when assessing for a pulse and chest rise/fall. (Option 2) Rescue
breaths every 5-6 clients with no pulse, the nurse should deliver cycles of 30 compressions followed by 2
rescue breaths seconds (10-12 brea(hs/min) are given to clients who have a pulse but are not breathing
normally. For. The jaw-thrust maneuver is used instead of the head-tilt/ opens the airway to allow for
assessment and delivery of rescue breathing chin-lift method in clients who may have a head/spinal
injury. Repositioning the jaw forward

(Option 4). Assessing the airway is not indicated at this time.

Educational objective: In basic life support for an unresponsive, pulseless client, the nurse should begin
with 2 minutes of CPR in cycles of 30 high-quality chest compressions to 2 rescue breaths, followed by
activating the emergency response system and obtaining an automated external defibrillator If no shock
is advised, the nurse should resume chest compressions immediately.

of aspiration (Option 3). • Tilt the bottle so that the nipple is always filled with formula. Point down and
away from the cleft. • Use special bottles and nipples, including cross-cut and preemie nipples and
assisted

nose This is dangerous and the infant will sneeze or cough in order to clear the nose

OUWorld

A child with a cleft palate (CP) is at risk for aspiration and inadequate nutrition due to eating and feeding
difficulties. This is due to the infant's inability to create suction and pull milk or formula from the nipple.
Until CP can be repaired, the following feeding strategies increase oral intake and decrease aspiration
risk-

• Hold the infant in an upright position, which promotes passage of formula into the stomach and
decreases the 20-30 minutes reduces the risk of aspiration and promotes adequate intake of formula •
Feeding risk delivery bottles. These devices allow formula to flow more freely, decreasing the • Feeding
slowly over every 3-4 hours. more frequent feedings may be tiring for the infant and the rnother. Some
infants may need to be fed more frequently if they are not consuming adequate amounts of formula.

(Opt)on 1) Bottle should be pointed down, away from the cleft. in order to prevent formula from flowing
back into the nose area. This backflow would cause nasal regurgitation. and milk or formula may
commonly escape through the

(Option 4) Feeding should take about 2,30 minutes. The infant may be working too hard and tire out if
feeding takes 45 ll as aspiration. Actions to promote intake and reduce aspiration risk include feeding in
an upright bottles, and feeding every 3-4 hours. The infant should be burped at regular intervals to
reduce gastric position. pointing the nipple away from cleft. feeding over no rnore than 2,30 minutes,
using special nipples or distension.

minutes or rnore. In addition. the extra work of feeding will burn up calories that are needed for growth.
disease (PAD [previously called penpheral vascular disease]) refers to arteries that have thickenpendent.
remains in the lower legs, and venous pressure increases This increas. venous pressure inhibits arterial
blood flow Educational objective: Children with cleft palates are at increased risk for inadequate intake
as we