The document summarizes key developments in the United States during the late 19th century, including the industrialization of the South, western expansion, the rise of big business, urbanization, immigration trends, and social reforms. Some notable events discussed include the Homestead Act of 1862, the closing of the frontier in 1890, the emergence of large corporations in industries like steel and oil, the growth of cities and challenges of urban living, and the rise of labor unions and women's suffrage movements seeking reforms.
The document summarizes key developments in the United States during the late 19th century, including the industrialization of the South, western expansion, the rise of big business, urbanization, immigration trends, and social reforms. Some notable events discussed include the Homestead Act of 1862, the closing of the frontier in 1890, the emergence of large corporations in industries like steel and oil, the growth of cities and challenges of urban living, and the rise of labor unions and women's suffrage movements seeking reforms.
The document summarizes key developments in the United States during the late 19th century, including the industrialization of the South, western expansion, the rise of big business, urbanization, immigration trends, and social reforms. Some notable events discussed include the Homestead Act of 1862, the closing of the frontier in 1890, the emergence of large corporations in industries like steel and oil, the growth of cities and challenges of urban living, and the rise of labor unions and women's suffrage movements seeking reforms.
○ all about sufficiency diversity and laissez-faire capitalism
○ Alabama: Steel ○ Virginia tobacco ○ Georgia, North America and Southern Carolina; textile ○ expansion of railroad ○ South stolp worst in nation ○ late to industrialization party ○ no education ○ relied on sharecropping too much ● settling the West Great Plains ● West pre-1860 known as Great American desert ○ 15 million bison ○ 250000 natives ○ buy 1900 Frontier game bison gone native land taken over by ranches farms railroads and boom towns ● Mining ○ Pikes Peak 1859 Co Gold Rush ○ Comstock Lode 1859 Nevada Gold and Silver Rush ■ individual miners replaced by large corporations who hired foreign workers ■ Miner's tax to All Foreign miners ■ anti Cooley clubs ■ Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 ■ band immigration To Us by Chinese laborers ○ any of this sound familiar ● bringing the whites over ○ Homestead Act 1862 ○ 160 Acres free if work for 5 years ○ 500000 families came between 1860- 1900 called homesteads ○ obvious issues with new territory ■ Solutions Bart weijers windmill irrigation techniques new crops ■ issues + costly Solutions = 2/3 of Homestead failed ● natives in the West ○ two-thirds of tribes were in the ○ Treaty of Fort Laramie 1851 ■ reservation policy ■ Nate has refused→ War ○ native Wars ■ Sand Creek Massacre Co ■ fetterman Massacre SD ● second Treaty of Laramie ■ Sioux war SD ■ Gold Rush In Black Hills SD led to war ■ battle of bighorn ■ Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee massacre ■ end of native resistance 1890 ● station over natives ○ Indian appropriation act 1871 ■ tries no longer independent nations nullified all previous treaties ○ Carlos O School PA ■ native assimilation through boarding schools ○ darwis severalty act 1877 ■ broke up tribal land into 160 acre plots that natives could own it worked for 25 years in s simulation ● Natives in the 20th and 21st century ○ 1924 American Indians finally granted US citizenship ○ FDR's Indian reorganization Act of 1934 reunited tribal organizations and culture ○ over 3 million Indians in 500 tribes today ● closing of the frontier ○ US Census Bureau officially closed Oklahoma territory ○ Frederick Jackson Turner ■ the significance of Frontier in America ■ West spreading democracy ■ closing us condemned to following Europe ● Latinos in southwest ○ California ○ Latinos promised US citizenship and land rights ○ most land claimed by whites ● Second Industrial Revolution ○ the error of Steel petroleum electricity and Industrial machinery ● the rise of big business and second industrialization ○ industrialization in Europe and the US revolutionize the world economy ■ political machine ● bosses politicians giving out jobs to supporters/voters ● provided services to immigrants in exchange for votes - often corrupt fraud bribery ● price of goods decreased and workers raise wages increase ● new goods and services emerge sewing machine sporting equipment and other household items ● American Standards of living improved have a gap between rich and poor ● captains of industry versus barons ● Andrew Carnegie the poor enjoy what the rich could not before afford what were luxuries have become then the necessaries of life ● in 1860 the top 1% own 10% of the wealth by 19 the top 1% own 45% of the wealth by 1950 the top 1% oh just 10% of the world but 2017 the top 1% or 38.6% of the wealth ● robber barons vs. captains of industry ○ Robert Barron ■ a wealthy person who tries to get land money or someone else's business do dishonest message ■ aware that what they're doing is wrong but money is priority ■ examples Andrew Carnegie and John D Rockefeller ○ captains of industry ■ businessman who contributed growth of the United States with their Vision creativity and innovation ■ present-day example of Steve Jobs Jeff Bezos Bill Gates ● Railroads ○ 35000( 1865)--> 193,000 MI( 1900) ○ major effects ■ Mass consumption ■ mass production ■ expanded National Market ■ created time zones 1883 ■ Investments I would do ● Train traveling at 1,800 ○ New Haven→ New York ○ broad train at 12 p.m. New Haven time ○ it takes two hours to get to New York so we could get there at what time ● the corporate workplace ○ pre Civil War most American boys were either Farmers Artisans are minor ○ post Civil War workers divided into ■ white collar ■ blue collar ○ major corporations need to organize structure ■ the drummer ● traveling salesman ○ the register ■ invented by James ready ○ Women ■ secretary clerking office work or telephone operator ● commercial culture ○ ` consumer culture at 4 front of industrialized America ○ → struggle over class inequality race privilege and proper male / female Behavior ● masculinity and Rise of sports ○ successful man ■ prerr self-employed ■ post IR brains over brawn ○ young men's Christian Association( YMCA) ■ promotive Fitness ○ team sports became a fundamental part of American manhood ● Football ○ offered benefits in manly training ○ first leg appeared in 1902 ● The Great Outdoors ○ women drop corsets and played Sports ○ Archery ○ Golf ○ Charles Gibson and the Gibson Girl ■ new women ○ national parks ○ Yellowstone ○ Grand Canyon ○ Yosemite ● changes in family life ○ family is decreasing size ○ 1800 - had an average seven children ○ 1900 - head average of 3.6 children ○ education> jobs ■ get a place in the world ■ 1990 % literate ● Science & Faith ○ new discoveries enhance faith in science ○ the theory of evolution ■ Evolution that idea that species are not fixed but ever-changing ○ On the Origin of Species ■ survival of the fittest ● social Darwinism ○ what is social Darwinism ○ how much validity is there to this argument ● the new petropolis ○ new technologies helped people navigate Industrial City ■ cable cars ● electric trolley; Frank spray glue ■ Subway ○ 1880s skyscrapers ■ Bessemer converter: mass production of Steel→ cheap and quick ○ the Electric City ■ Gas→ electric light ● Henry Ford and assembly line ○ made it possible to produce cars quickly and cheaply ○ as the car frame moved on track past lives of workers each worker added a part ● Newcomers ○ many young men and women arrived from the countryside ■ “ a child with any respect about herself or his self wouldn't like to see their mother or father work so hard to earn nothing I feel like my duty to help” ○ patterns of settlement varied by ethnic group ● corruption and problems ○ discover problems we can dramatically evident in the depression of 1980s when unemployment reached 25% in some cities ■ Homelessness ■ Hunger ■ Desperation ■ Suicide ● wages 1900 ○ maldistribution of wealth ■ top 10% had 90% of the wealth ○ 2/3 work for low wages ○ women and children forced to work ○ 11 / 12.5 million families made 380 a year ○ long hours ○ dangerous conditions ● rise of organized labor ○ unions organized using political action and confrontation strikes picketing boycotts and slow down to use collective bargaining ● great Railroad Strike 1877 ○ National strike of 500000 ● Haymarket Riot 1886 ○ protest of McCormick car versus workers ● Homestead Strike 1892 ○ Steel Workers strike ● Pullman Strike 1894 ○ American Railroad Union ● fighting dirt and vice ○ How the Other Half Lives Jacob Riis ○ Disease ■ Durex of Calera plague ET cie ■ cities begin sprinting average of 1.28 / residence for sanitation / Health measures ○ Prostitution ■ Mann Act of 1910 ● prohibit transportation of prostitutes ● New Age reform ○ National woman's Suffrage Association ■ founded by suffragist Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B Anthony ■ gained suffrage in some Western States ■ Wyoming 1869 ○ women's Christian Temperance Union and anti-saloon League ■ political pressure for prohibits ● the movement for social settlers ○ Chicago 1889 ○ Community welfare centers to raise funds to Facey Urgent needs and help neighborhood ○ developed the social work profession ● cities in National politics ○ Urban workplaces and environments were suffering ○ upon Sinclair and the jungle ○ Pure Food and Drug Act of 1806 ■ Food and Drug Administration created to oversee compliance with new law ● Rising immigration ○ pool to u.s. ■ political and religious freedom and industrial jobs ○ 1950- 1900 US population ratio of 23.2 276.2 million with 16.2 million immigrants ■ mostly poor and illiterate Southern and Eastern Europeans( Italian Greek croaks Slovak spoiled in Russian) ○ Americans against immigrants ■ contract labor law 1885 anti temporary workers ■ immigration restriction League 1984 ■ American Protective Association anti-catholic ■ social Darwinism ● Ellis Island ○ off coast of New York did not have to prove on paper America Family Ties ● Angel Island ○ coast of San Francisco ○ how to prove I'm paper the Family Ties one had in America ● current political state of the u.s. ○ Republicans: North supported from businesses middle class white Anglo-Saxon Protestants( wasp) blacks Pro Terrace Pro temperature for prohibition ○ Democrats Southern whites political machines immigrants non-participants working class ○ Industrial Revolution the era of Party Loyalty and well-defined voting blocks ● the populist party 1891 AKA People's Party ○ made up Farmers Farmers Alliance and the grand( sought to connect farmers and Cher techniques) Knights of Labor people Pro economic reforms ○ reasons for creation ■ growth of corporate business and Banks power ● ESP railroads→ shipping rates ● grain elevators ■ wanted more government involvement in the economy ■ Panic of 1873 and 1893 ● crop prices plummeted Farmers suffered ● call The People's Party ○ economic relief+ government intervention ○ all seen in Omaha platform ■ direct election of senators ■ graduation income tax ■ Australian( secret ballot) ■ government control of railroads Telegraph and telephones ■ civil service reform ■ eight-hour workday ■ free coinage of silver at ratio of 16 colon one with gold ● bimetallism ○ would increase money supply and fines would pay off their debts ● William Jennings Bryan ○ Democratic savior to populist party Cross of gold speech called for introduction of silver ● but what happened to the P party ○ many of the P party ideas were enacted during the Progressive Era ○ 16th Amendment-> income tax ○ 17th Amendment→ direct election of senators ○ secret ballots ● Imperialism ● cause of imperialism ○ already conquered east west north and south ■ purchase Alaska from Russia in 1867 for 7.2 million ■ Marines overthrew Queen liliuokalani and create a republic of Hawaii in 1893 ● Competition ● commercial / business interest-> expansion ● Social ● Spanish-American War ● an imperial race ○ Great Britain versus France versus Russia versus Germany versus Japan ● why Cuba? ● yellow journalism ○ sensationalize and sometimes manufactured events ○ use melodrama romance and Hyper hyperbole to sell millions of newspapers ○ New York Journal New York World relied on yellow journalism ○ Spanish-American War referred to as First Media War