5G Link Budget

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Contents
Link Budget Overview

Link Budget Factors

Link Budget Tool Updates

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Link Budget Overview
Analyze customer requirements

Coverage Quality Spectrum Propagation  The RND 5G module is under development.

……
requirements requirement information model

Determine input  The 5G R&D network estimation prototype

parameters.
User supports only link budget and does not support
Service
Create link budget number
models
planning capacity estimation.
Maximum allowed path loss
 The following table lists the supported
Obtain the cell radius Estimate capacity
functions:
Maximum cell radius

Calculate the coverage area of Estimate capacity Estimate network

No. Function
a single base station of a single cell capacity

Maximum coverage area 1 Cell radius estimation based on the cell edge rate
of a single base station

Estimate site number based Estimate site number based on 2 Throughput estimation based on the coverage area
on coverage requirements capacity requirements

Coverage estimation of each common channel or

Maximum number of BTSs 3
control channel
Estimate site scale

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Key Differences Between 5G and 3G/4G Link Budgets
Link Factor LTE Link Budget 5G Link Budget
RRUs are used with external antennas, AAUs are used without external antennas, which do not lead to cable loss.
Cable loss
which lead to cable loss. RRUs are used with external antennas, which lead to cable loss.
An MM antenna array is associated with multiple TRXs. One TRX corresponds to multiple
physical antennas.
Total antenna gain = Gain of a single TRX antenna + Beamforming (BF) gain
A physical antenna is associated with a
Where,
single TRX. The antenna gain of a
Base station antenna gain • The antenna gain in the link budget is only the antenna gain of a single TRX.
single TRX is the gain of the physical
• The BF gain is specified by the demodulation threshold.
antenna.
• For details about antenna gains, see the product specifications by vising
http://3ms.huawei.com/mm/docMaintain/mmMaintain.do?method=showMMDetail&f_id=5G18
0321451649993
Propagation model Cost231-Hata 36.873 UMa/RMa 38.901Umi
Penetration loss Relatively small A higher frequency band indicates higher penetration loss.
The MM beam inherently has interference suppression effect. Therefore, it is subject to low
Interference margin Relatively large
interference.
It needs to be considered when UEs are located at a low altitude and the traffic volume is
Body block loss N/A
large, especially if mmWave is used.
If mmWave is used, rain attenuation needs to be considered in areas with intense and
Rain attenuation N/A
frequent rainfalls.
Foliage attenuation needs to be considered in areas with dense vegetation and in LOS
Foliage attenuation N/A
scenarios.

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Contents
Link Budget Overview

Link Budget Factors

Link Budget Tool Updates

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5G Link Budget Factors
gNodeB
transmit power
gNodeB
Antenna gain Link budget factors: 5G and 4G have no difference in
Cable loss Path loss Margin
antenna gain basic concepts. However, 5G introduces the impact of
Loss
body block loss, foliage loss, and rain/snow attenuation
Penetration loss (especially for mmWave).
Foliage loss Path loss (dB) = gNodeB transmit power (dBm) – 10 x log10 (subcarrier
Body block loss quantity) + gNodeB antenna gain (dBi) – gNodeB cable loss (dB) –
penetration loss (dB) – foliage loss (dB) – body block loss (dB) –
Slow fading margin interference margin (dB) – rain/ice margin (dB) – slow fading margin (dB)
– body block loss (dB) + UE antenna gain (dB) – Thermal noise power
Interference
margin (dBm) – UE noise figure (dB) – demodulation threshold SINR (dB)

Rain/Ice
margin
UE reception sensitivity
Body loss UE antenna gain
Link budget involves 2 types of factors:
▪ Certain factors: Once the product form and scenario are
determined, the corresponding parameters are
accordingly determined (power, antenna gain, noise
figure, demodulation threshold, penetration loss, and Interference Margin Rain/Snow/Ice Slow Fading Margin
body loss). Margin reserved to overcome Margin The signal strength varies slowly with the
▪ Uncertain factors: The impact of some uncertain factors the increase of noise floor Margin reserved to overcome distance (complies with the normal
needs to be considered (such as slow fading margin, caused by neighboring cells the high probability of signal logarithmic distribution), and is related to the
rain/snow margin, and interference margin). These and other external attenuation caused by rain, barrier of propagation, seasonal, and
factors do not occur anytime or anywhere, and are interference. The value of this snow, and ice. weather change. The slow fading margin
considered as link margins. parameter is equal to the refers to the margin reserved to ensure a
noise floor increase. certain level coverage probability in long-
term measurement.

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