Ge 6: Arts Appreciation: Republic of The Philippines University Town, Northern Samar

Republic of the Philippines
UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

University Town, Northern Samar
GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION
Prepared and Compiled by:
RUTH L. SAYDE
PAULA MAE M. CAPARIC
DANISE ALLYSON PETATE
CAC, Part Time Lecturers
NAME OF STUDENT: ________________________________________________________

COURSE & YEAR: ___________________________________________________________
PROFESSOR: ________________________________________________________________
MODULE 10: PHOTOGRAPHY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
UNIT 6. PHOTOGRAPHY..................................................................................................... 3
Introduction …………………………………………………………………………….…….. 3
Learning Outcomes………………………………………………………………………….. 3
Module 10: Photography……………………………………………………………………. 4
I. Definition of Photography …………………………………………………………... 4
II. Brief Development Photography as Art ……………………………………………… 4
III. Basic Parts of a Camera………………………………………………………………… 6
IV. Elements of a Good Photograph ……………………………………………………... 8
V. Basic Photography Rules ……………………………………………………………..... 10
VI. 10 Photography Composition Rules …………………………………………………. 11
VII. Kinds of Photography ………………………………………………………………... 15
VIII. Kinds of Angle ……………………………………………………………………….. 19
IX. Kinds of Shots ………………………………………………………………………….. 21
X. Photo Process or Post Process (PP) or Editing ………………………………………. 23
Learning Exercise 10.1 ………………………………………………………………………. 24
Learning Exercise 10.2 ………………………………………………………………………. 27
Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………… 28
References …………………………………………………………………………………….. 29
GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 2

10: PHOTOGRAPHY
INTRODUCTION
Hi, Welcome to Module 10!

Are you ready for some fun lesson? I know you are!
Okay, let us get started!
In this module, we will discuss all about Photography. Here, we will define
photography and its importance in capturing life and in story-telling. We will also briefly
discuss the history of photography, how it is discovered and how it eventually progressed
and developed through time. To capture a good photograph, of course, it needs a camera and
in this module, we will also identify the basic parts of camera and its usage. We will also
determine the elements of a good photograph according to Jan De Ville. For beginners, a
good photograph is a must and so, we will also discuss the basic rules of photography. The
10 basic composition rules, kinds of photographs, kinds of angle and shots are also essential
in creating a good and interesting photograph.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
 define photography;
 discuss the brief history of photography;
 identify the basic parts of camera;
 explain the elements of a good photograph;
 analyze the basic photography rules and the 10 composition rules; and,
 recognize the kinds of photography, angles and shots.
Now, let us properly begin our discussion on Photography!

Module 11: PHOTOGRAPHY
I. DEFINITION OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Photography is the art and science of light.
Photography is derived from the Greek words photos
which means "light" and graphein which means to
“draw" (Pagay 2013). The development of
photography has been seen as freeing painting and
sculptures from practical tasks such as recording
appearances and events. Early subject matters of
photography include portraits and landscapes. Today,
daily life, the life we live now, became photography's
newest and perhaps most profound subjects.
Photographic images primarily provide us with information. Cameras are powerful
instruments because they record the world. Of course, new technology has given the
photographer the power to take the camera's image and change the reality of life as we see it
to a reality of imagination. A prolific writer, as well as caricaturist, balloon photographer,
and dynamic man about Paris, Felix Nadar wrote (1856, in Wheeler: 1986):
Photography is a marvelous discovery, a science that has attracted the greatest intellects, an
art that excites the most astute minds - and one that cannot be practiced by any imbecile ...
Photographic theory can be thought in an hour, the basic technique in a day. But what cannot be taught
is the feeling for light... It is how light lies on the face that you as artist must capture. Nor one can be
taught how to grasp the personality of the sitter. To produce an intimate likeness rather than a bonal
portrait, the result of mere chance, you must put yourself at once in communion with the sitter, size
up his thoughts and his very character.
II. BRIEF DEVELOPMENT PHOTOGRAPHY AS ART
The existing art that photography resembled most was painting. In practicing
photography as an art, many early photographers naturally turned to painting as a model. A
wonderful example is Henry Peach Robinson's Fading
Away. The English public of the day reveled in paintings
that told a story, preferably sentimental one. Robinson
created his photograph with this audience in mind. We
see a young woman on her deathbed. For all that she is
about to expire, she looks remarkably beautiful and
remarkably healthy. Her grieving relatives hover at the
bedside (one turns toward the window in despair), as
our heroine prepares to expel her last shuddering breath.
But this scene is not real. It was posed; in fact, it was
made as a composite image from five separate negatives.
The people are actors, and they were carefully arranged
in this stagy episode. Henry Peach Robinson, Fading Away
One aspect of photography that some felt stood in the way of making art was its
detailed objectivity, which seemed more suited to science. In a movement called pictorialism,
photographers used a variety of techniques to undercut the objectivity of the camera,
producing gauzy, atmospheric images that seemed more painterly, and thus more like art.
An important American pictorialist was the photographer Alfred Stieglitz, however, grew

dissatisfied with pictorialism. He came to the conclusion that for photography to be an art, it
must be true to its own nature; it should not try to paint.
The photograph that has become most closely associated with Stieglitz’ revolutionary
idea is The Steerage. The story of how The Steerage was made illustrates our point about
photographers moving through the world with an invisible frame behind their eyes. In 1907,
Stieglitz was aboard ship on his way to Europe, traveling first class. One day as he was
walking the deck, he happened to look down
into the lowest-class section, called steerage.
Before him he saw a perfectly composed
photograph - the smokestack is leaning to the
left at one end, the iron stairway is leaning to
the right at the other; the chained drawbridge
is cutting across, even such details as the
round straw hat on the man looking down
and the grouping of women and children
below. Stieglitz knew he had only one
unexposed plate left (the equivalent of one
exposure at the end of a roll of film). He raced
to his cabin to get his camera. When he
returned, the scene was exactly the same; no
one had moved. That one plate became The
Steerage.
Alfred Stieglitz, The Steerage
The type of photography that Stieglitz championed came to be known as “pure” or

“straight” photography. Practitioners of "pure” photography consider it a point of honor not
to crop or manipulate their photographs in any way. The composition is entirely visualized
in advance, framed with the viewfinder, then photographed and printed. We might ask what
difference there is between this kind of photography and photojournalism. The answer must
lie in the intentions of the artists, and not the photograph itself.
At the same time that early-20th-century painters were

experimenting with abstraction by simplifying forms and
reducing them to their most characteristics aspects,
photographers discovered that a camera, too, could produce
abstract images. In Abstraction, Paul Strand used a close-up view
to obscure the literal subject of his photograph, creating instead
an abstract composition of repeating curves. Used in this way,
photography turned out to be not only a new way of recording
reality but also a new way of seeing it. Paul Strand, Abstraction
With the development of photomechanical

reproduction, which brought photographs into
newspapers, periodicals, posters, and advertising everyday
life was suddenly flooded with photographic images.
Artists also used these “found” images as a new kind of raw
material for art.
After World War I, another artistic movement that

arose was surrealism. Surrealists artists were fascinated by
the unconscious, and they looked for the intrusion of
strange, dreamlike moments into ordinary, everyday life.
Photography turned out to be an excellent Surrealist
Lee Miller, Solarized Portrait of
an Unknown Woman

medium, for nothing could be of matter-of-fact than a photograph, and yet by taking a
moment from the flow of time and freezing it for our inspection, it often revealed something
strange. The Surrealist artist Man Ray experimented with several unusual photographic
techniques in the 1920s and 1930s. One of them was solarization, a process by which an
exposed negative is briefly reexposed to light during development. This causes chemical
changes in the photographic emulsion - the light-sensitive coating on film. Actually, although
Man Ray's name is usually associated with solarization, it may have been his companion at
the time, photographer Lee Miller, who discovered the effect, albeit accidentally.
Today, over 150 years later, photography is fully integrated into the art world of
museums and galleries, and many artists who are not primarily photographers work with
photographic images. Also, the computer has been welcomed by many artists who work with
photography as a natural extension of the medium. Recently developed digital cameras use
no film at all, but instead store photographs as data on disk. For artists, the new technology
allows them to gather photographic images,
feed into a computer, work with them, and print
the end product as photograph. For example,
Mori’s Empty Dream is a pieced together
photograph, but tins time on a computer. The
scene is completely and deliriously artificial,
including Mori s own multiple appearances as a
fetching mermaid and a sky that seems to be
printed on a giant screen. We aren't expected to
believe it for a moment. We are only expected to
enjoy how photography can make the
impossible seem real in the same way that
dreams seem real.
Mariko Mori, Empty Dream
III. BASIC PARTS OF A CAMERA
Taking pictures using a digital camera is popular. However, you need to know its
features so that you can maximize its use. As professional photographers often say, every
camera comes with a license to experiment, test, tweak, and screw up to your heart's content.
The most basic parts of a digital camera include the following:

1. Body - The body of a camera is made up of high grade plastic or metal. It holds all
the other parts together and provides protection to the delicate internal parts of a
camera.
2. Lens assembly - This consists of several layers of lenses of varying properties which
allows for zoom, the ability of a camera to magnify or demagnify an image to a certain
range. The lenses also permit focusing and correcting distortion. Focusing is a process
at which the camera lenses are moved until the subject becomes clear and very sharp.
The lenses are mechanically interconnected and the camera's body controls
adjustment electronically.
3. Shutter release button - This is the “trigger” of the camera which initiates the image
capturing process.
4. Mode dial - This part contains several symbols which allow you to select a shooting
mode, automatic or manual, or a choice between one of the predefined settings.
5. Viewfinder - This is the small viewing window that shows the image that the
camera's imaging sensor sees. This can either be an optical view finder, which shows
the actual image in front of the camera through a peep hole or through mirrors, or an
electronic view finder which is simply a small LCD display.
6. Aperture ring - This part is found around the old manual lens of SLR camera which
functions as a way to select an aperture opening.
7. Focusing ring - This is also found around the lens of a DSLR camera. This is turned
manually to focus the lens.
8. LCD display - This is the small screen at the back of the camera used for framing or
for reviewing recorded images.
9. Flash - This part is usually built-in on the body of the camera. It provides an
instantaneous burst of bright light to illuminate a poorly lit scene.
10. Control buttons - This comprises a set of directional keys and a few other buttons to
activate certain functions and menus. This is used to let the users interact with the
camera’s computer systems.
11. Power switch - This part turns on or off the camera. This may also contain a
record/play mode selector on some cameras.
12. Zoom control - This is usually marked with W (wide) and T (tele). This part allows
the user to control the camera's lenses to zoom-in or zoom-out. For DSLR cameras,
the zoom is usually controlled by a zoom ring in the lens.
13. Battery compartment - This part holds the batteries. The size and shape of battery
compartment differ in every camera model.
14. Memory card slot - This is where expansion memory cards are inserted. The proper
position of the card is often indicated. A mechanical catch usually holds the card in
place and a spring helps it eject.

15. Flash mount (or hot-shoe) - This is the standard holder with contact plates for
optional flash accessory.
16. Diopter adjuster - This part is usually available in mid- to high-end sub-compact
cameras and DSLRs. This located beside the viewfinder. This varies the focal length
of the lens in the viewfinder in order for people wearing eyeglasses see clearly
through it even without the eyeglasses.
17. Tripod mount - This part allows the user to attach a tripod or monopod for added
stability.
For beginning photo enthusiasts, the number of pixels in a digital image is referred
to as resolution and refers to the number of pixels per inch (ppi). More megapixels mean
higher resolution. Resolution relates primarily to print size and amount of detail in an image
when viewed on a computer monitor at 100%. High resolution is important if you crop photos
or make large prints. However, a digital camera with a high megapixel count doesn’t
guarantee it will produce better-looking images. Many factors influence image quality
including the quality of the optical lens and camera sensor. Hence, buy a digital camera
primarily because it has the features you want, not just because it has lots of megapixels.
IV. ELEMENTS OF A GOOD PHOTOGRAPH
Most people know what a bad photograph looks like, yet not many people can
recognize what makes a photograph good. Photographer Jan DeVille gives the following
elements that make up good photographs and, if you understand them, you can use your
knowledge to improve your own photography.
Composition
Clearing your mind and viewing the image as a whole can accomplish composing a
good photograph. Taking a moment before you press the shutter button allows your eye to
focus on the entire scene as opposed to the main subject. Are there branches or poles poking
out of the subject's head? Is there a garbage can intruding from the bottom corner? Taking a
moment to breathe, pause, and evaluate the details in the photograph you're composing can
make a huge difference in your final product.
Rule of Thirds
The rule of thirds is one of the first things taught in any photography program. It is
more of an art than a science, so don’t spend too much of your time focusing on getting it
exactly right. To employ the rule of thirds in your photography, mentally divide up your
frame into three distinct vertical sections and three distinct horizontal sections. Then, when
composing your photograph, keep the action and important figures confined to where those
sections overlap. A good example of this is a lake landscape -- the sky in the upper third, the
tree line in the middle third and the water in the lower third.
Framing
Framing is used to draw your viewer's eye to the subject of the photograph. It can also
be used to take natural elements to frame your subject. Many photographers use branches to
frame their subject, though it can be just as easy to use elements of the photograph that occur

naturally. Strong diagonal lines that draw focus to the subject are excellent frames. However,
you should be careful not to let the frame overpower the photograph or detract your subject.
Lighting
Lighting can make or break a photograph. The sun can be your best friend when
shooting outdoors. You can diffuse harsh sunlight through a variety of diffuser screens, or
reflect it onto your subject using kitchen foil. Indoors, things become a bit trickier. Using
natural light is preferable; but a well-lit subject is vital, and you may have to play a little bit
with what light is available to you in order to get the desired effect, The basic rule in lighting
is that the closer the light source, the softer the light you can get. Hence, there is a need to
move a light closer, to make it bigger – that is, broader – in relation to your subject. Move it
farther away, and you make it relatively smaller, and therefore narrower.
Exposure
Proper exposure is vital for creating a good photograph. Overexposed photos have
their white areas blown out, which washes out the picture, while underexposed photographs
can be very dark. Most modern cameras have a built-in exposure meter, and even point-and-
shoot cameras will usually set your exposure automatically once you have focused on your
subject. If you're attempting to create a special effect such as a silhouette, you may have to
expose for the sunlight behind your subject as opposed to any light on the subject itself, and
then lock in your exposure before setting your focus. This may or may not be possible
depending on the make and model of your camera.
Storytelling
Photography is a great means of storytelling, just as a writer speaks using words, a

photographer speaks through his images. Photographer Andrew Hudson says, "A
photograph is a message. It conveys a statement ("Here we are in..."), an impression ("This is
what ... looks like"), or an emotion. The context gives the subject relevance, presence, location,
or other interest. It is the combination of the two elements—subject and context, foreground
and background—that tells the message." Moreover, Arlene Miles, another photographer
added that good photographs convey a mood or sense of a moment in time. Look for intensity
of emotion in people and situations that tell something about life itself. A great photograph
is a piece of art. It captures the spirit of a subject and evokes emotion. We need to have a
genuine interest in the subjects we photograph. Photographer Bob Krist calls it "the spirit of
place." You are an artist that can use subtle tricks to appeal to your viewer's senses.
Graphic Interest
People want to be amused, entertained, or learn something from a photograph.

Photographer Stanley Leary expresses that our photos need to be technically correct, that’s
understood, just as a musician is expected to at least play the right notes. But if the photo
doesn't draw the viewer in and move them in some way, it's like listening to a machine
perform Chopin. What we choose to include or exclude makes up the graphical elements that
can catch the viewer's attention.
Taking good photographs has little to do with owning expensive equipment and
knowing technical data. The secret is in seeing. Ask yourself: What do I look at, and how do
I see it? A good photograph has qualities that display the skill, art, interests, and personality
of the photographer.

Strong photographs are simple and clear. Busy, distracting backgrounds pull the
attention away from the central theme of your photo. The subject of your photo is absolutely
the most important element, and anything that detracts from the subject can ruin your shot.
Andrew Hudson says, "Knowing what to exclude is just as important as knowing what to
include. Anything that isn’t part of the subject or its context is only a distraction, cluttering
up the image and diluting the message. So eliminate extraneous surroundings—usually by
moving closer to the subject—and make a clear, tidy shot. A painter creates art by addition—
adding more paint—whereas a photographer creates art by subtraction or removing
unnecessary elements. The recipe for a good photograph is: "A foreground, a background,
and nothing else." Photograher Liz Masoner explains, “A photograph is a two-dimensional
representation of a three-dimensional scene. This means that the camera effectively “flattens”
the scene. Background is anything behind your subject. If there is a tree directly behind a
person’s head it will appear that the tree is growing out of their head. Likewise, a fence could
seem to grow out of the side of a person. Foreground is anything in front of your subject.
Foreground is just as important. If you are shooting a beautiful lake sunset but there is an
ugly tire in the water’s edge the photograph can be ruined.”
V. BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY RULES
Photography is really all about light. Light is the primary working tool of the
photographer. The quality of a photograph' is essentially dependent on the amount of light
that is reflected on the subject and received by the camera's imaging sensors. Poor lighting
ends up in underexposed pictures with the subject's details lost in the shadows. On one hand,
too much light will give you overexposed photos and the details of the scene and the subjects
are washed out in the light. Here are the basic rules to consider in taking photographs
1. Get a steady hand on the camera. Avoid shaking your camera so that pictures may
not come out blurred. If you really can’t avoid these, it would better to use a tripod or
inserting your elbows to your sides so that you get a stable grip.
2. Choose a pleasing backdrop, preferably something that suits the atmosphere you
want to create. For more serious photographs, a subtle backdrop that is not too
distracting is best.
3. Avoid direct sunlight when shooting outdoors. If using the sun as a source of natural
light, make sure it is behind the photographer. In addition, when shooting outdoors
during bright, sunny days, it would be best to use a flash. This will get rid of the
shadows that sometimes appear on the faces of subjects on photographs.
4. Remember that when taking outdoor photographs you have to make sure you pay
attention to what’s happening around you. This will not allow strangers to
mysteriously appear in group shots!
5. For portraits it is important to have a fitting backdrop. Using a tripod helps to keep
the shot from being blurred. It also helps to keep the photograph straight. In addition,
a nervous subject will never give you the smile you need to capture. Pay attention to
his or her mannerisms and find the best way to put each individual at ease.
6. When taking group photos make sure that everyone gets included in the picture.
Some directing on the photographer’s part might be necessary, picture. Instruct

people to smile, ask them to fix their hair if it’s unruly, etc. Position everyone so that
they fit onto the picture. The tallest person should be in back row, so nobody gets
accidentally blocked from the shot.
7. When taking outdoors shots photographers should avoid going head to head with
the sun. This makes the people in the picture appear as if they are enshrouded in
shadows!
8. Take candid shots! This is a more exciting alternative to dull, boring, posed shots. The
story becomes more immediate and alive when people are not posing for the camera.
During parties try to take pictures of friends and family while they are at ease and
just having a great time. Spontaneous shots are wonderful! They are a good break
from the stiff, posed, smiles that people brandish at you once you point a camera at
them.
VI. 10 PHOTOGRAPHY COMPOSITION RULES
Rule of Thirds
In the rule of thirds, photos are
divided into thirds with two imaginary lines
vertically and two lines horizontally making
three columns, three rows, and nine sections
in the images. Important compositional
elements and leading lines are placed on or
near the imaginary lines and where the lines
intersect.
Balancing Elements
This is creating equilibrium with the off-
center subject by including another object
of lesser importance to fill the space.
Leading Lines
There are many different types of
lines and each can be used to enhance a
photo’s composition. This one is putting
lines into a photo to create a story within an
image leading the viewer to a “journey” of
the subject of your photo.

Symmetry and Pattern

These are incredible subjects that create
perfection within a photo but breaking these
patterns creates more tension and focal point in
your photograph.
Viewpoint
The viewpoint must be considered in photography in choosing the perfect positioning
of subjects. It can be front view, side view, rear view, or even aerial view.
Front View Side View Rear/Back View
Depth of Field
You can create depth in a photo by including objects in the foreground, middle
ground and background. The human eye naturally recognizes these layers and mentally
separates them out, creating an image with more depth.
Emphasize your scene’s depth by including interesting subjects at varying distance
from the camera.

Background
The background and the subject must be of
contrasting colors. This is important to distinguish easily the
subject in the photo.
Choose a background that will emphasize your
subject.
Framing
By framing these natural or man-made frames around the edge of the composition,
you help to isolate the main subject from the outside world. The result is a more focused
image which draws your eye naturally to the main point of interest.
Cropping
By cropping tight around the subject you eliminate the background ‘noise’, ensuring
the subject gets the viewer’s undivided attention. Cut out all unnecessary details to keep the
viewer’s attention focused on the subject.

Experimentation
Experimenting with these photography composition rules become a real possibility
through the dawn of digital photography; combining all the rules may be effective in some
other ways.

VII. KINDS OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Black and White

The description may be considered something of a
misnomer that the images are not ordinarily starkly
contrasted black and white. But this is a combination of
black and white in a continuum producing a range of
shades of gray.
Minimalism
 Minimalism as less elements, the art of appreciating the essential.
 Minimalism as few distinctive colors, color helps to recognize different objects.
 Minimalism as in small objects, the art of seeing a soul in the little things.

 Minimalism as simple geometry, pictures with few simple geometrical curves and
lines can also be minimalist.
 Minimalism as parts of a whole, sometimes an object or scene is too big and

complicated.
 Minimalism as in repeating shapes, when a picture is mostly comprised of repeated

objects or patterns, it can be considered minimalist too. Again, because it is easy to
perceive.

 Minimalism as low detail, less object, well composed, thought-provoking.
 Zeroism, minimizes the external expression in a term for photos:

1. That are comprised of an almost unified big surface or space.
2. Where there is not so much detail in the picture to recognize it.
Silhouette
It is an image of a person, an object or scene represented as a solid shape of a single
color, usually black, its edges matching the outline of the subject. The interior of a silhouette
is basically featureless, and the whole is typically presented on a light background, usually
white or none at all (against the light).

Linear Perspective
It gives an impression of depth to the viewer by using real world parallel lines and
making them converge in the plane of the photograph. This is also achieved by scaling the
subject in the foreground against the background elements of the picture.
Night Photography
This refers to photographs taken outdoors between dusk and dawn. Night
photographers generally have a choice between using artificial light and using a long
exposure, exposing the scene for seconds, minutes, and even hours in order to give the film
or digital sensor enough time to capture a usable image.
Macro Photography
It’s an extreme close-up photography, usually of very small subjects, in which the size
of the subject in the photograph is greater than the life size (though macro photography
technically refers to the art of making very large photographs.

Bokeh
It is the blur, or the aesthetic quality of the
blur, in out-of-focus areas of an image. It has
been defined as “the way the lens renders out-
of-focus points of light.”
VIII. KINDS OF ANGLE
Bird’s-eye View
This shows a scene from directly overhead, a very unnatural and strange angle.
Familiar objects viewed from this angle might seem totally unrecognizable at first (umbrellas
in a crowd, dancer’s legs).
High Angle
Not as extreme as a bird’s eye view, the camera is above the action using a crane to
give a general overview. High angles make the object photographed seem smaller, and less
significant (or scary).

Eye Level
This is fairly neutral shot; the camera is positioned as though it is a human actually
observing a scene, so that for example actors’ heads are on a level with the focus.
Low Angle
This kind of angle increases height and give a sense of speeded motion. Low angles
help give a sense of confusion to a viewer, of powerfulness within the action of a scene.
Oblique or Canted Angle

Sometimes the camera is tilted (i.e. is not placed horizontal to floor level), to suggest
imbalance, transition and instability (very popular in horror movies).

IX. KINDS OF SHOTS

Extreme Long Shot
This shot can be taken from as much as a quarter of a mile away, and is generally used
as a scene-setting, establishing shot. It normally shows an exterior or a landscape, and is often
used to show scenes of thrilling action.
Long Shot
This is the most difficult to categorize precisely, but is generally one which shows the
image as approximately “life” size. This category includes the full shot showing the entire
human body, with the head near the top frame and the feet near the bottom.

Medium Shot
This contains a figure from the knees or waist up and is normally used for dialogue
scenes, or to show some detail of action. This is sometimes referred to as half-body shot.
Close-up
This shows very little background, and concentrates either a face, or a specific detail
of setting. Everything else is just a blur in the background. This shot magnifies the object and
shows the importance of things, be it words written on paper, or the expression on someone’s
face.

Extreme Close-up
As its name suggests, an extreme version
of the close up, generally magnifying beyond what
the human eye would experience in reality, an
extreme close-up of a face, for instance, would
show only the mouth or eyes, with no background
detail whatsoever.
X. PHOTO PROCESS OR POST PROCESS (PP) OR EDITING

It is manipulating the raw photograph to make some adjustments on the composition,
modifications or effects, and modify unwanted elements captured.
Some adjustments may include:
 Brightness and Contrast
 Levels
 Curves
 Exposure
 Vibrance
 Hue and Saturation
 Color Balance
 Threshold

LET’S TAKE A BREAK!
LEARNING EXERCISE 10.1
Examine the artwork below. Analyze what photography composition rules or kinds
of photograph/angles/shot is employed. One photograph can contain two to many rules,
kinds, angles, and shot. Just write what you think is fitted.
1 2
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3 4
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5 6
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7 8
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9 10
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11 12
0. .
13 14
0. 0.

15 16
. 0.
17 18
0. .
19 20
0. 0.

Identify the following parts of camera.
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Why do you think the rules, composition, kinds, angles, shots are important in
making a good photograph?
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SUMMARY
Photography is the art and science of light. Photography is derived from the Greek
words photos which means "light" and graphein which means to “draw" (Pagay 2013). The
existing art that photography resembled most was painting. A wonderful example is Henry
Peach Robinson's Fading Away. In a movement called pictorialism, photographers used a
variety of techniques to undercut the objectivity of the camera, producing gauzy, atmospheric
images that seemed more painterly, and thus more like art. An important American
pictorialist was the photographer Alfred Stieglitz, however, grew dissatisfied with
pictorialism. The photograph that has become most closely associated with Stieglitz’
revolutionary idea is The Steerage. The Surrealist artist Man Ray experimented with several
unusual photographic techniques in the 1920s and 1930s. One of them was solarization, a
process by which an exposed negative is briefly reexposed to light during development. The
new technology allows them to gather photographic images, feed into a computer, work with
them, and print the end product as photograph. For example, Mori’s Empty Dream is a pieced
together photograph, but tins time on a computer.
The most basic parts of a camera are the body, lens assembly, shutter release button,
mode dial, view finder, aperture ring, focusing ring, LCD display, flash, control buttons,
power switch, zoom control, battery compartment, memory card slot, flash mount (or hot-
shoe), diopter adjuster and tripod mount.
The elements of a good photograph are composition, rule of thirds, framing, lighting,
exposure, storytelling, and graphic interest.
The 10 photography composition rules are rule of thirds, balancing elements, leading
lines, symmetry and pattern, viewpoint, depth of field, background, framing, cropping, and
experimentation.
The kinds of photography are black and white, minimalism: as less elements, as few
distinctive colors, as in small objects, as simple geometry, as parts of a whole, as in repeating
shapes, as low detail, zeroism, silhouette, linear perspective, night photography, macro
photography and bokeh.
The kinds of angle are bird’s-eye view, high angle, eye level, low angle, and oblique
or canted angle
The kinds of shots are extreme long shot, long shot, medium shot, close-up and
extreme close-up.
The photo process or post process (pp) or editing is the manipulation of the raw
photograph to make some adjustments on the composition, modifications or effects, and
modify unwanted elements captured.

REFERENCES
Books:
 Perez, T., Cayas, R. & Narciso, N. Alampat: An Introduction to Arts Appreciation. Blue
Patriach Publishing House. Davao City. 2013
 Leano, R., Agtani, J.M., Papel, R. O. Art Appreciation for College
Students. Mindshapers Co., Inc. Manila. 2017
 Pagay Jenelyn B. & Gutierrez, Marilyn M. Fundamentals of Art Appreciation. St.
Andrew Publishing House. Plaridel, Bulacan. 2018
Images and Artworks used in this Module:

 https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wikiwand.com%2
Fen%2FHenry_Peach_Robinson
 https://www.ideelart.com/magazine/paul-strand-photography
 https://www.google.com/search?q=The+Steerage&tbm=isch&ved
 https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/265133
 https://www.google.com/search?q=rule+of+thirds&sxsrf=ALeKk00PSCnjmIJUi
 https://www.google.com/search?q=balancing+elements+photography&tbm=isch&
ved=2ahUKEwjf2
 https://www.google.com/search?q=balancing+elements+photography&tbm=isch&
ved=2ahUKEwjf2
 https://www.google.com/search?q=LEADING+LINES+photography&tbm=isch&v
ed=2ahUKEwi03KD
 https://streetbounty.com/directing-eyes-with-leading-lines/
 https://sites.google.com/site/photographycompositionrules/rule-of-
thirds/symmetry-and-patterns
 https://yikesphotography.wordpress.com/2012/08/27/symmetry-and-patterns/
 https://unsplash.com/photos/763-mBawsfg
 http://www.portrait-photos.org/keywords/sideview
 https://unsplash.com/s/photos/back-view
 https://iceland-photo-tours.com/articles/photography-techniques/depth-of-field-
in-photography
 https://onextrapixel.com/30-examples-of-shallow-depth-of-field-photography/
 https://www.pinterest.ph/com1410sp15/depth-of-field-assignment/
 https://capturetheatlas.com/depth-of-field-photography/
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/775393260823207159/
 https://www.widewalls.ch/magazine/framing-in-photography
 https://iphonephotographyschool.com/framing-composition/
 https://digital-photography-school.com/good-crop-bad-crop-how-to-crop-
portraits/
 https://www.dessign.net/studiomagtheme/experimental-photography-design/
 https://callumgcsephotography.weebly.com/framing.html
 https://fixthephoto.com/blog/photo-tips/amazing-examples-bw-
photography.html
 https://www.viewbug.com/contests/she-is-beautiful-photo-contest-vol2/77021754

 https://www.myclickmagazine.com/minimalist-photography-composition/
 https://www.prakashghai.com/2014/08/
 https://smashinghub.com/30-beautiful-examples-of-minimalist-photography.htm
 https://www.pinterest.nz/pin/401524123032275309/
 https://www.ultimate-photo-tips.com/photo-challenges-feb-2013.html
 https://www.creativeboom.com/inspiration/minimalist-photographs-that-pick-
out-the-colour-symmetry-and-patterns-of-cities/
 https://www.myclickmagazine.com/minimalist-photography-composition/
 https://www.prakashghai.com/2016/11/abstract-minimalism-zeroism.html
 https://shotkit.com/silhouette-photography/
 https://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/silhouette-photography-tips/
 https://wordingonawhim.wordpress.com/tag/linear-perspective/
 https://www.picturecorrect.com/tips/night-low-light-photography/
 https://digital-photography-school.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-
macro-photography/
 https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/527695281315410697/
 https://www.designyourway.net/blog/inspiration/40-beautiful-examples-of-
bokeh-photography/
 https://ourpastimes.com/birds-eye-view-definition-12217066.html
 https://fixthephoto.com/birds-eye-view-photography.html
 https://www.pexels.com/photo/high-angle-photo-of-woman-on-ladder-2467396/
 https://www.hdwallpapers.in/emma_watson_in_very_close_hd-wallpapers.html
 https://ar.pinterest.com/pin/712765078513905307/
 https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/dutch-angle-shot-camera-movement/
 https://www.pinterest.ph/neenlynn/the-dutch-angle/
 https://www.istockphoto.com/photos/extreme-long-shot
 https://slideplayer.com/slide/15473222/
 https://wallpapershome.com/movies/action/thor-ragnarok-chris-hemsworth-4k-
14191.html?page=4
 http://joeblogs100.blogspot.com/2016/10/long-shot.html
 https://nofilmschool.com/camera-angles-and-shots-movements
 https://www.nfi.edu/medium-wide-shot/
 http://allanahsblogadress.blogspot.com/2016/09/frames-big-close-up.html
 https://www.theodysseyonline.com/23-times-bella-swan-worst
 https://www.pexels.com/photo/extreme-close-up-of-woman-eye-256380/
 http://tonydoovisuals.com/differences-between-raw-and-jpeg-picture-formats-in-a-
digital-camera

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Republic of the Philippines

UNIVERSITY OF EASTERN PHILIPPINES

Prepared and Compiled by:

NAME OF STUDENT: ________________________________________________________

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 2

Hi, Welcome to Module 10!

At the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

Now, let us properly begin our discussion on Photography!

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 3

Module 11: PHOTOGRAPHY

II. BRIEF DEVELOPMENT PHOTOGRAPHY AS ART

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 4

The type of photography that Stieglitz championed came to be known as “pure” or

At the same time that early-20th-century painters were

With the development of photomechanical

After World War I, another artistic movement that

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 5

III. BASIC PARTS OF A CAMERA

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 6

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 7

IV. ELEMENTS OF A GOOD PHOTOGRAPH

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 8

Photography is a great means of storytelling, just as a writer speaks using words, a

People want to be amused, entertained, or learn something from a photograph.

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 9

V. BASIC PHOTOGRAPHY RULES

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 10

VI. 10 PHOTOGRAPHY COMPOSITION RULES

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 11

Symmetry and Pattern

Front View Side View Rear/Back View

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 12

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 13

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 14

VII. KINDS OF PHOTOGRAPHY

Black and White

 Minimalism as few distinctive colors, color helps to recognize different objects.

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 15

 Minimalism as parts of a whole, sometimes an object or scene is too big and

 Minimalism as in repeating shapes, when a picture is mostly comprised of repeated

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 16

 Minimalism as low detail, less object, well composed, thought-provoking.

 Zeroism, minimizes the external expression in a term for photos:

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 17

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 18

VIII. KINDS OF ANGLE

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 19

Oblique or Canted Angle

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 20

IX. KINDS OF SHOTS

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 21

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 22

X. PHOTO PROCESS OR POST PROCESS (PP) OR EDITING

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 23

LET’S TAKE A BREAK!

LEARNING EXERCISE 10.1

GE 6: ARTS APPRECIATION MODULE Page | 24