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Ni< No'-.-..,'
 Wtb$tet'$ €ont>en0e& SDictionarp
A
CONDENSED DICTIONARY
OF THE
ENGLISH LANGUAGE
GIVING THE CORRECT
SPELLING, PRONUNCIATION AND DEFINITIONS OF WORDS
BASED ON
THE UNABRIDGED DICTIONARY
OF

NOAH WEBSTER, LL.D.

EDITED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF
NOAH PORTER, D.D., LL.D.
President of Yale College

BY
DORSEY GARDNER
WITH NEARLY FIFTEEN HUNDRED ILLUSTRATIONS
ALSO AN
APPENDIX COMPRISING
A PRONOUNCING GAZETTEER OF THE WORLD; SPECIAL DICTIONARIES OF
AND MYTHOLOGICAL, AND FAMOUS HISTORICAL
CHRISTIAN, CLASSICAL
NAMES AND FAMILIAR PHRASES LISTS OF BUSINESS AND LAW
;

TERMS, OF FOREIGN WORDS AND PHRASES, OF ABBREVIATIONS;

A VARIETY OF INFORMATION AS TO WEIGHTS AND
MEASURES, COINS, UNITED STATES HISTORY
AND PARLIAMENTARY ORDER,
STATISTICS,
PATENTS, COPYRIGHT, DECLARATION
OF INDEPENDENCE, CONSTITUTION,
SIMPLIFIED SPELLING, ETC., ETC.

CHICAGO
THE REILLY & BRITTON CO.
SPRINGFIELD^ MASS. G. & C. MERRIAM
: CO.
1909
 Copyright, 1884,

BT G. & C. MERRIAM & CO.

Copyright, 1906,

By G. & C. MERRIAM CO.

Copyright, 1909,

By G. & C. MERRIAM CO.

Web. Cond. Diet.

Btectrotyped by Houghton Mifflin Company

3
PREFACE.

Thb purpose of this -volume is to supply, in as compact a form as is consistent with clearness.
the orthography, pronunciation, meaning, and etymology of all English words which are likely U
be encountered by the general reader or the student. Words of an exclusively technical or scien-
tificnature are in general omitted, —
both to reserve space for the adequate treatment of word*
in general use, and because the limited class of persons who desire information of this kind would
in any case refer to encyclopedias or glossaries devoted to an especial field.
Although the book is small, it will be found to contain a more copious vocabulary and fuller'
definitions of the essential words, than many dictionaries of greater bulk. The illustrations, which
have been profusely used wherever they could aid the understanding of the subject, will be found
in many cases to afford a clearer explanation than could be given by the use of words.
Arrangement Of Words. — The
great condensation of the book is due in part to the exclusion
which are in fact self-explanatory as soon as the root-word is
of definitions of derived words,
thoroughly defined. For instance, under the vocabulary word Blame (p. 51), Blamable is de-
fined, but not Blamableness or Blamably Blameless, but not Blamelessly or Blameless-
;

ness ; Blameworthy, but not Blameworthiness : the words, however, are given also their ;

pronunciation is invariably indicated by accents, or by respelling when necessary ; so also is the

part of speech, by the conventional signs uniformly employed. —
But the principal saving of space
is due to the system of referring words, formed upon a common prefix, to the first of these words

which occurs alphabetically explaining there the

;
prefix fully and once for all and then leaving ;

the etymology of the root-word to be ascertained by reference to the uncompounded word in its
proper place in the vocabulary. For example, the inseparable prefix In-, having a negative for;e,
is fully accounted for in its regular alphabetical place, and its etymology under the next follow-
ing word, Inability its euphonic changes (into i- before gn- ; il- before I- ; im- before
; and p ; m
and ir- before ?-) are described and then reference is made to the five vocabulary words under
;

which such formatives are grouped : viz. :

—
Ignoble, covering 24 words, and occupying | of a eolunm.
Dlandable, covering 25 words, and occupying | of a column.
Immaculate, covering 187 words, and occupying 3^ columns.
Inability, covering 661 words, and occupying 12| columns.
Irrational, covering 72 words, and occupying 1^ columns.

Total ... . 969 words, occupying 17| columns.

In the Unabridged Dictionary the corresponding words, as ascertained by measurement, fill 147
»f its much ampler columns; and — by
reason of the strictly alphabetical arrangement of that
work —
extend over 65 pages (words of different derivation being of course intermingled with
Jhem). as against 8f pages of this volume.
Another similar economy, which has effected the saving of much space, is illustrated by,the
following entry (p. 42) :
—
has sometimes an intensive force, as bes-prinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often has
Be-, prefix,
the meaning to make, and transforms them into verbs thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim, to make a
:

fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of by, as Beside. For words beginning with Be- not found in this vo-
cabulary, see the original word thus, for Bedaub, Bedim, etc.. see Daub, Dim, etc.
:

A like saving has been effected in the case of many of these prolific prefixes. Thus, Re-, with
its form Red-, having been accounted for (p. 471), the generality of words so constructed are

disposed of by the note " It may be prefixed to almost any verb and many substantives, the word
:

eo formed being usually self-explanatory/' Still, when a oifference in either pronunciation or

 :

IV PREFACE.
meaning has taken place, both forms are given and defined for instance, Rec'Ollect' and Re-
:

collect' are combined in a single paragraph (p. 474), as being of identical derivation; but their
widely divergent meanings are adequately denned while their etymology is left to be sought
;

under Collect.
—
System Of Grouping. A saving similar to that made by associating words having the same
prefix has been accomplished by consolidating into one paragraph words derived from the same
root, provided they have the same initial letter. Thus, under the noun Air (p. 11) are given,
first, the direct derivatives, the verb, To Air, the noun Airing, adjective Airy, adverb Airily,

noun Airiness then follow, alphabetically, the derived compounds

; viz. —
AirTiath, -bed, :

-bladder, etc., —
of which there are 16 and the result is that 21 words are adequately accounted
;

for in 42 lines, although a space equal to 5 of these lines is given to an illustration showing the
construction of an Air-pump whereas the corresponding words occupy just 200 lines of the broader
;

columns of the Unabridged. Again, under Water (p. 6G8), this book covers 51 words in 188 lines,
or about 2 columns, including 6 illustrations while in the Unabridged the word and its deriva-
;

tions fill 7f columns, or 837 lines. —

It must be explained, however, that, while words of identical
etymology have been thus systematically grouped, great care has been taken to indicate the dif-
ference between words having the same spelling and pronunciation, but a different etymology.
Thus, on page 551, there are 4 separate paragraphs headed Sound, both the meaning and origin
of these words and their derivations being totally distinct. There are also 3 entirely different
words, Smack (p. 543), yet of the same pronunciation. This point is dwelt upon because, in many
elaborate dictionaries, words from totally different sources and of dissimilar meanings have been
grouped as if they were of identical origin —
which is hopelessly confusing to a student of the
language. —
It should, however, be understood that only words having the same initial letter are
thus associated ; but reference is made to cognate words, if they begin with a different prefix or
compound, so as to show their common origin, however widely they may be separated alphabeti-
cally. For instance, the paragraph Stand (p. 563) includes 22 words and phrases which fall alpha-
betically under stand- ; and these fill but 73 lines, or about three quarters of a column, although
17 of these lines are devoted to the matter of etymology. That is, the etymologies are, traced
from the Anglo-Saxon, Old High German, Gothic, Icelandic, Dutch, Latin, Greek, and Sanskrit
then follow references (marked *. rt. — " from the same root as ") to 42 cognate words derived
from the French and Latin, to 11 from the Greek, and to 31 from various sources, to 84 differ- —
ent words in all. To trace out the significance of this group of allied words, the student should
examine each of them, with its derivatives. For example, in the case of Stand, its derivatives
Understand. Understanding, etc., are grouped among the 67 words associated under the leading
word Under as are Withstand, etc., under With. But it is only under the stem-word
; in this —
case Stand —that the etymologies have been printed in full, a note under each of the cognate
words making a reference to the passage in which they are given. By this system many pages
have been saved in the aggregate, although the etymologies are set forth with an almost unprece-
dented fullness in some one place, to which reference is clearly made under each derived word.
Pronunciation. —
The marks indicating pronunciation have been made as few and as simple as
is consistent with clearness and precision. The leading word of each paragraph is respelled pho-
netically but subsequent words within the paragraph are respelled only in instances where the
;

pronunciation changes, or where for any reason it might be doubtful.* An unmarked vowel,—
followed by a consonant in the same syllable, is short (as am, end, in, odd, sun) an unmarked :

vowel forming a syllable by itself, or ending a syllabic, is long, or has its name sound (as a, be,
di-al, no, fu-el, by) but a, not under the accent, forming or ending a syllable*, has a brief sound
;

of a in far, or in some cases a brief sound of long a in fate. Vowel sounds which are not thus ex-
plained by their position, also the sounds of such consonants as have more than one sound, are
marked in accordance with the key-line at the foot of each two adjoining pages. The diacritical
marks there employed are self-explanatory, with the exception of that which designates the nasal
sound illustrated in the key-line by the French word 6on6on. This n indicates that the preceding
vowel is nasal, but care should be taken that the back part of the tongue is not pressed against
the palate as is done in producing the English ng. For example, in making the French sound
on we may proceed as if about to say ong (as in song), but stop before the sound ng is produced.
Similarly the other French nasal vowels can be produced.

* Where alternative pronunciations are given for the leading word, the choice between them is understood
to apply to the subsequent words in the paragraph, unless these are otherwise marked. For instance, in the
paragraph Retroact (p. 488), the pronunciation of the firet two syllables of all words in the paragraph may
be either re~'tro- or ret'ro-.
 PREFACE. V
For the sake of brevity, the second part of a compound word in the body of a paragraph is not
respelled, if its true pronunciation is given in its alphabetical place in the vocabulary thus, in :

the paragraph Sheep the compounds Sheep-walk, Sheep's-eye, are presumed to require
(p. 527),
no respelling, since the few persons unaware of the pronunciation of the second word in the com-
pound can seek it in its own place in the vocabulary. But in cases where there is a deviation
from the sound of the original word, this is indicated by respelling, —
as in Housewife, under the
vocabulary word House (p. 265). —
In the large class of verbs and verbal adjectives spelled alike
and terminating in -ate (as Degenerate, Duplicate, Elaborate), the attempt has not been made
to mark the different quantity of the a in the final syllable, which is always given its long sound,
as found in the verb but, in fact, it has a less prolonged sound in the adjectives, derived adverbs,
;

and abstract nouns —

approximating or falling into that of short e.
—
The Etymologies. In tracing out the etymology of words, it has been the plan of the editor
to indicate the source from which they in fact made their way into the English language, even
though forms more closely resembling the modern English may be found in other tongues than
those to which they are here attributed. Thus, sea terms may generally be held to come from the
Scandinavian languages, less frequently from the Spanish and Portuguese, and only rarely from
the French, although the modern form of the English term, modified by Norman and French in-
fluence, may appear on hasty consideration to have come from France. On the other hand, many
words, both mediaeval and modern, which have to do with law, dress, letters, art, science, eti-
quette, etc., are by many lexicographers attributed to the Latin and Greek, whereas they unques-
tionably reached England by way of France and, where there has seemed to be a certainty or a
;

reasonable presumption that this was the case, the French has here been indicated as the proxi-
mate, the Greek, Latin, or Italian, as the remoter source of the word. —
The editor has consulted
and freely used the results found in the most approved works on the derivation of English words.
He has availed himself of the store of etymologies contributed by Professor Mahn to Webster's
Unabridged Dictionary, and also of the admirable Etymological Dictionary recently published by
Professor Skeat.
It is, perhaps, superfluous to explain that, where simply an initial is given in the place usually
devoted to an etymology, the word so accounted for has simply been adopted into the English
without change from the language indicated —
thus, on pp. 1, 2, of the vecabulary occur these
;

etymologies: "Aard-vark [D., earth-pig.];" " Abdomen [L.] " " Abib [Heb.] " "Abren-
; ;

VOir [F.]," —
where it is to be understood that these words have been appropriated, without
change in spelling, from the Dutch, Latin, Hebrew, and French, respectively, —
the meaning be-
ing also identical unless otherwise indicated.
The editor's thanks are due to Mr. Zenas W. Bliss, of The Riverside Press, Cambridge, Mass., for
many valuable suggestions and criticisms made while the book was passing through the press
under his critical eye.
The Appendix. — After the conclusion of the vocabulary, there is given an Appendix, which
contains :
—
I. A Pronouncing Vocabulary of Biblical, Classical, Mythological, Historical, and Geographical

Proper Names.
II. Abbreviations used in Writing and Printing.
HE. Arbitrary Signs used in Writing and Printing.
Most of these sections require no explanation. But of the one devoted to proper names in- —
cluding those which occur in Biblical, Classical, Egyptian, Hindoo, Modern, and Norse history
and literature —
the editor may explain that, after much inquiry, he was unable to find that such
a collection had ever been made. Accordingly, starting upon the foundation of the Classical and
Biblical vocabularies of Webster's Unabridged, and gathering from a variety of sources the names
which occur in other literatures, he formed the consolidated Pronouncing Vocabulary of Proper
Names (pp. 692-785). In this, the origin and pronunciation of all proper names which the reader
is likely to encounter are indicated by the same system of marking employed in the body of the
book.
 . . y .

ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THIS WORK.

« adjective. Fries. Friesic. oriff.- original, originally.

abbr abbreviate <L fut future. Ornith Ornithology.
abl . ablative. OS Old Saxon.
ace accusative. O German.
adr..<, adverb. Oa Gaelic. P participle.
Agric... Agriculture. Qalv Galvanism. P- a participial adjectiva
Alg ....Algebra. gen generally, genitive. Taint Painting.
Am., Amor.. ..America, American. Oeog Geography. Paleon Paleontology
Anat <=.. Anatomy. Geol Geology. pass passive.
An tiq .Antiquities. Oeom Geometry. Pathol Pathology.
aor aorist. Goth Gothic. perh perhaps.
appl applied to. Or Greek. Pers Persian.
Ar Arabic. Oram Grammar. pers person.
Arch...^ Architecture. pert pertaining.
Arith.... Arithmetic. H. High. Pg Portuguese.
Armor Armorican (^Bret- Heb Hebrew. Philos Philosophy.
on). Her Heraldry. Photog Photography.
AS. Anglo-Saxon. Hind Hindostanee. Phren Phrenology.
Astrol Astrology. Hist History. Physiol Physiology.
Astron Astronomy. Hort Horticulture. pi plural.
Hung Hungarian. PID Piatt Dutch.
Bav Bavarian. Poet Poetry, poetical.
Bib Biblical. Ic Icelandic. Pol Poliah.
Bohem Bohemian. Ichth Ichthyology. Polit. Econ.... Political Economy.
Bot Botany. i.e id est (that is). p.p participle past.
Braz Brazilian. imp It . . . .imperfect. p. pr participle present.
incept inceptive. pref. prefix.
Carp Carpentry. inf. infinitive. prep preposition.
Catal Catalan. ititens intensive. vret preterit.
Celt Celtic. inter interjection. Print Printi ng.
Cf. Confer (compare). lr Irish. priv privative.
Chald Chaldee. It Italian. prob probably.
Ckem Chemistry. pron pronunciation, pro-
Chin Chinese. Join.... Joinery. nounced; pronoua
Civ Civil. prop properly.
Colloq., coll. ... Colloquial, colloqui- L Low.
Latin, Pros Prosody.
ally. LO Low German. Prov Provincial.
Com Commerce, Com- LL Low Latin. Proven ProvengaL
mon. lit literally.
comp compound, com- Lithuan Lithuanian. q. v quod rt'c?e(whichseej
pounded.
compar comparative. M. Middle. Rhet Rhetoric.
Conch Conehology m masculine. Rom Roman.
conj conjunction. Mach Machinery. R. Cath Roman Catholic
oontr contracted, contrac- Malay ..Malayan. RR Railroads.
tion. Mar Maritime. Russ Russ.
Copt Coptic. Math Mathematics.
Corn Cornish. ME Middle English. S Saxon, South.
corresp corresponding to. Mech Mechanics. Scot Scotland, Scottish.
corrupt corrupted, corrup- Med Mediqine. Script Scripture, scriptural
tion. Metal Metallurgy. Sculp Sculpture.
Metaph Metaphysics. sing singular.
2> Dutch. Meteor Meteorology. Skr Sanskrit.
Dan Banish. MHG Middle High Ger- Slav Slavonic.
Spanish.
dat dative. man. Sp
dial. dialect. Mil Military. - s.rt from the same rootas
dim diminutive. Min Mineralogy. superl superlative.
disting distinguished.as dis- Mus Music. Surg Surgery.
tinguished from. Myth Mythology. Surv Surveying.
Sw Swedish.
E English, East. N. New, North. Syr Syriac.
Eccl Ecclesiastical. n noun.
Eccl. Hist Ecclesiastical His- Nat. Hist Natural History. term termination.
tory. Naut.... Nautical. Theol Theology.
e. g exempli gratia (for neut neuter. Trans Translation.
example). iVCrr New Greek. Turk Turkish.
Elec. Electricity NL.. New Latin. Typog Typography.
Eng.t England, English. Norm. F. Norman French.
Engin Engineering. Norw Norwegian. JJ. S United States.
Entom. Entomology. Numis.... Numismatics.
equiv equivalent. v verb.
esp especially. O Old. vb.n verbal noun.
etym etymology. Obs Obsolete. v.i verb intransitive.
OB Old Dutch. v.t verb transitive.
F. French. OF Old French.
/. feminine. OHO. .... Old High German. W. Welsh, West.
Fig Figurative, figura- OL.... ..Old Latin. Wallach Wallachian.
tively. Ottoman,.... ...Onomatopoetic,
Fort Fortification. named from its Zobl Zoology.
fr from. sound.
t'req ......frequentative. Opt... ......... Optics. — equal Co, the same aa
 CONDENSED DICTIONARY
OF

THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE.

ABEAM
A. Anadjective, commonly called the indefinite arti- Abate, a-baf, v. t. To bring down or reduce to a
cle, and signifying: one or any, but less emphati- lower state, number, degree, etc.; to dirninish; les-
cally: it is a contraction of the Anglo-Saxon an, one, sen. (Law.) To cause to fail. a-, i writ; to destroy,
and is used before words beginning with a consonant as a nuisance.— v. i. To decrei-e, become less ui
sound. See An. —
(,21ns.) The nominal of the sixth strength, subside: to fail, as a writ. [L. ab and bau
—
i

tone in the model major scale (that in C), or of the I

nere, to strike.] Abate'ment. n. Act of abating;
first tome of the minor scale, which is named after deduction: mitigation; discount. Abaf able, a.~ —
it the scale in minor. A
A sharp (Af). the name— — Abat'er, -or, -er, n.
of a musical tone intermediate between and B. A Abatis, Abattis. ab'a-tis, orab-a-:>', n. (Fort.) A row
A flat (A fc), the name of a tone intermediate be- of sharpened branches of trees turned outward for
tween A —
and G. AA. (Med.) A sign written after defense. [F.. fr. abattre, to beat down.]
the names of medicines in a prescription, denoting Abattoir, ab-at-war'. n. A slaughter-house. [F.]
an equal quantity of each. [Contrac. of Gr. ana, Abatvoix. ab-a-vwa', n. A sounding board over a pul-
throughout, of each.] —A
1, a-wun. An underwrit- pit or rostrum. [F. abattre and vouc, voice.]
er's registry mark for seaworthy vessels of the first Abb, ab, n. Yarn for the warp of a woolen fabric.
or highest class, inferior grades being indicated by [AS. a6. ob.] —
Abb-wool, n. Wool for the abb.
A 2, A
2|, etc. ; first-rate ; prime. Abba, ab'ba, n. A Syriac word meining/ar/jer, used
Aard-vark, ard'vark, n. A plantigrade mammal of in some churches of a religious superior.
South Africa, allied to the armadillo, and feeding Abbot, ab r but, n. The head of a society of monks.
on ants. [D., earth-pig.] —
Aard-wolf, ard'wdolf n. governor of an abbey. [L. abbas, abbatis. Set
—
, :

A digitigrade carnivorous quadruped of South Af- Abba.] Ab'botehip, n. The state or office of, etc
rica. [D., earth-wolf.] — Ab'bacy, -si, n. The condition or privileges of,
Ab'bess. n. The governess of a nunnery. —
—
!

Aaronic, a-ron'ik, Aaron'ical. -ik-al, a. Pertaining |

etc.
to Aaron or to his priestly office. Ab'bey, -bT, n. ; pi. Ab'beys. A residence of monks
Ab, ab, n. The 5th month of the Israelitish eccles. 1

or nuns: monastery; a church attached to a monas-

year, corresponding nearly with August. [Syriac] tery. —
Abba/tdal. -ba'shal, a. Pert, to an abbey. —
Abaca, ab'a-ka, n. Manilla hemp. [Native name.] Abbe, ab'ba, n. Orig. an abbot now an ecclesiastic :

Aback, a-bak r adv. (Saut.) Backward, as of sails

, without charge, devoted to teaching, literature, etc.
caught in reverse by a change of wind. [AS. on- [F.]
base, on or at the back.] Taken aback. Taken by — Abbreviate, ab-bre'vT-at, v. t. To make shorter to :

surprise, unexpectedly baffled. reduce by contraction or omission to abridge. [L. ;

Abacus, ab'a-kus, n. A calculating-frame with sliding

;

ab and Sreviare, to shorten.] Abbre'via'tion. n. —

counters, for compu- j
Act of abbreviating the form to which a word or
:

ting. (Arch.) The up- phrase is reduced by contraction or omission. (Mus.)

CCCOCCCCC- \

per plate upon the cap- <zi~: A dash through the stem of a note, dividing it into
ital of a column, sup- -oeoooooec quavers, semi-quavers, etc. Abbre'viator,-ter. n. —
porting the architrave. —
One who, etc. Abbre'viatory, a. Abbreviating ;
[L.] —
Ab'acist. -sist, shortening. —
Abbre'viature, -chur, n. An abridg-
n. One who computes •
ment : compend._
bv an abacus. Abacus. To give up right or claim
, Abdicate, ab'dl-kat, v. t.
Abaft, a-baff, prep. (Xaut.) Towards the stern '
to to withdraw from to relinquish, as sovereign
from back of. [AS. on and beseftan, after.]
;
:

authority.
:

[L. ah and dicare. fr. dicere, to say.] —

Abalienate, ab-al'yen-at, v. t. (Law.) To transfer
j

Ab'dicant, -dicator, -er, n. One who, etc. Abdi- —

»v i
tx tle of
- ^~" ab * rom and alienus, foreign.]
" ' >
— ca'tion, n. Act of, etc. Ab'dicative, -tiv, a, —
Abal'iena'tion, -shun, n. Act of abalienating. I Causing, or implying abdication.
Abandon, a-ban'dun, v. t. [abandoned (-ban'aund), Abditory, ab'dl-to-rt, n. A place for secreting or stor-
-dONiNG.] To give up whollv and finallv; to relin-
I

ing goods. [L. abditorium.']

quish; forsake; forego. [F. abandonner,' fr. L. ad, Abdomen, ab-do'men, «. (Anat.) The belly. (Entom.)
to, and L,L. bandum, proclamation.] Aban'doned. — The posterior of the sections into vhich the body is T

— —
j

-dund, p. a. Given up entirelv, as to a vice de- divided. [L.] Abdom'inal. a. Pert, to, etc. re.
—
!
;

praved reprobate. Abandonee', -dun-e', n. Fish, like salmon, etc., with ventral fins back of
—
;

(J^aw.) One to whom a thing is abandoned.

!

the pectoral. —
Abdominous, -nus, a. Having a
Aban'doner, n. One who, etc. Abandonment, n. — big belly. —
Abdom / ino-thorac , ic. -ras'ik, a. Pert,
Act of, or state of being, etc. desertion. —Aban- ; to the abdomen and thorax or chest.
don, a-baN-d6N / n. Complete absorption in some
',
Abduce. ab-dus' [abduced (-dust r ), -ducing], Ab-
object or_emotion. [F.] i duct. -dukf. v. t. T© take away by stealth or by
Abase, a-bas', v. t. [abased (-bast'), abasing.] To unlawful force. [L. ab and ducere, ductum, to lead.]
bring low, as to the ground to cast down degrade. — Abduc'tion. n. Act of etc. : a carrying away, esp.
—
; ; ,

[F. abaisser, fr. L-L. bassus, low.J Abase'ment, n. of a person, by fraud, stealth, or force. Abduc'tor, —
A muscle which
]

Act of, or state of being, etc. n. One who, etc. (Anat.) draws
—
:

Abash, a-bash' v. t. [abashed (-bashf), abashing.] a part from the median line of the body. Abdu'-
To strike with sudden shame or fear to confuse; ; cent, -sent, a. Separating drawing back. :

confound. [OF. esbahir, to astonish, fr. ex, out, and Abeam, a-bem', adv. (Jfaut.) On the beam; at right
hah .'] —
Abasb/ment. n. Confusion from shame. angles to the keel.

am, tame, far, pass or opera, fare; end. eve. tSrm: Ttn, Ice: 8dd, tone, §r;
sun. cube, full; moon, foot; cow, oil; linger or ink, t&en, boNboN, chair, get
 ;

ABECEDARIAN ABROACH
Abecedarian, a'be-se-dalY-an, n. One who teaches Ablution, ab-lu'shun, n. Act of cleansing or wash-
or who learns the A, B, C, or letters of the alphabet. ing religious purification water used in cleans-
—
; ;

Abed, a-bed/, adv. In bed ou the bed. ing. [L. ablutio, f r. ab and lucre, to wash.] Ablu-
—
;

Abele, a-beK, Abel-tree, S'bel-tre, n. The white pop-

— ent, a. Cleansing purifying. n. (Med.) ; A
lar. A'belmosk, n. The musk-mallow. puritier of tiie blood; a detergent.
Aberrance, ab-er'ans, n Deviation from rectitude. Abnegate, ab'nt>gat, v. t. To deny and reject. [L.
[L. aberrans, fr. ab and errare, to wander.] Aber- — abneyare.] — Abnegalion, n. Denial and renuncia-
rant, a. Straying from right exceptional abnor-
; ; tion. — Abnega'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc.
mal. — Aberra'tion, n. Act of wandering, esp. from Abnormal, ab-ndr'mal, a. Contrary to rule, law, or
truth or moral rectitude, or from the natural state system irregular. [L. ab and norma, rule.]— Ab-
;

(Med.) Partial alienation of mind. (Astron.) A small normality, -nor'mity, n. State or quality of be-
periodical change of position in a heavenly body. ing, etc. irregularity deformity. — Abnor'mably,
Abet, a-bef, v. t. To encourage, aid, further ;
— -mally, adv.
; ;

used chiefly in a bad sense. (Law.) To encourage Aboard, a-bord', adv. In a vessel; on board, —prep.
to commit a crime. [OF. abeter, to deceive.] — On board of.
Abet'ment, n. Aet of abetting; support. Abet'ter, — Abode, a-bod'. See under Abide.
-tor, -er, n. One who, etc. an accomplice accessary.
; ; Abolish, a-bollsh, v. t. [abolished (-boKisht), -ish-
Abeyance, a-ba'ans, n. State of suspension, or tem- ing.] To do away with utterly; to put an end to,
porary extinction with the expectation of revival, destroy, make void, annul. [L. abolere.] —
Abol'-
f F.beer (obs. i-erb), to gape, expect.] ishable. o. Capable of being, etc. —Abollsher n.
Abhor, ab-hdr', v. t. [abhorred (-hSrd'), -horsing.] One who, — Abolishment, ». Act of, etc.—
etc.
,

— To regard with horror ; to dislike or hate ex- Abolition, -lish'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
tremely to detest. [L. ab and horrere, to bristle, a doing away with forever, — esp. of slavery. — Abo-
shudder.]
;

—
Abhorrence, -hSrlens, n. Great hatred. li'tionlsm, -lish'un-izm, n. The principles or meas-
— Abnor'' rent, a. Detesting; contrary; repugnant; ures of an abolitionist. — Abolilionist, One who n.
— with to. —
Abherler, -hSr'gr, n. One who, etc. favors abolition, — esp. of slavery. Aboli lionize,—
Abib, a'bib, n. The 1st month of the Jewish eccle- -Iz, v. t. To imbue with the principles of the abo-
siastical year. [Heb.] litionists.
Abide, a-bid' v. i. [abode (-bod'), abiding.] To con- Abomasum, ab-o-ma'sum, -ma'sus, n. The fourth
tinue in a place; to dwell; to continue firm or stable. stomach of a ruminant animal. |L., fr. ab and
— v. t. To endure or bear; to await firmly. [AS. omasum, tripe.]
abidan, to abide.] —
Abid'er, n. One who abides. — Abominate. a-boni'Y-nat, v. t. To turn from, as omi-
Abode'', n. Place of residence; dwelling. nous of evil to detest, abhor. [L. abominare. fr.
;

Abietin, -tine, a-bi'e-tin, n. (Chem.) resinous sub-A ab and omen, a portent.]— Abominable, -na-bl, a.
stance obtained from turpentine. —
Abi'etite, -tit, Execrable; hateful; shocking. Abominably, adv. —
n. (Chem.) A
substance resembling ma nnite found — Abom'ina'tion, n. Act of abominating; an object
in the leaves of the silver fir. —
AVietlc, o. Pert, of disgust.
to the rir-tree. [L. abies, abietis, fir-tree.] Aboriginal, ab-o-rij'T-nal. a. First original; primitive.
Abigail, ab'Y-gal, n. A
lady's waiting-maid. — n. First or original inhabitant. Aborigines, —
Ability, a-bil'Y-tl, n. Power to act, whether physical, -nez, n. pi. The original inhabitants of a country.
moral, intellectual, conventional, or legal ; might ; [L. ab and origo, origin.]
talent; efficiency. [L. habilitas. See Able.] Abort, a-bdrf, v. i. To miscarry in birth. [L. abor-
Abintestate, ab-in-tes'tat, a. (Laiv.) Inheriting the tus, fr. aboriri, to fail, fr. ab and oriri, to rise, to
estate of one dying without a will. be born.]— Abor'tion, n. Act of miscarrying; an
Abiogenesis, ab'l-o-jen'e-sis, Abiogeny, -oj'e-nT, n. immature product of conception anything which ;

Production of life from inorganic matter. [Gr.

— fails to come to maturity. Abor'tive, -tiv, a. Im- —
a priv., bios, life, and genesis, genos, origin.] mature; ineffectual; pert, to or causing abortion.
Abiog'enist, n. A
believer in, etc. — Aborlively, adv. Abor'tiveness, n. Abor- — —
Abirritate, ab-ir'rt-tat, v. t. (Med.) To diminish the ticide, -sld, n. One who destroys, or the act of de-
sensibility of; to debilitate. —
Abir'rita'tive, -tiv, a. stroying, the life of a fetus before birth feticide. ;

Wanting in irritation; debilitated. />

—
Abir/rita tion, [L. cseaere, to kill.]
n. Want of strength. Abound, a-bownd', v. i. To be in great plenty ; to be
Abject, ab'jekt, a. Sunk to a low condition mean; prevalent to possess in abundance, usually with; —
—
;

worthless; groveling. n. One in a miserable state. in or with. [L. abundare, fr. ab and unda, wave,
abjectus, fr. ab and jacere, to throw.] Abjec'- —
steam, crowd.] Ahun'dance, n. Overflowing full- —
Sj. on, n. Meanness of spirit baseness. Ab'jectly, —
ness plenty ; riches. Abun'dant, a. Fully suffi —
adv. — Ab'jectness, n.
;

cient exuberant ample.

;

Abun'dantly, adv.
; ; —
Abjudicate, ab-joo'di-kat, v. t. To give away in judg- About, a-bowt', prep. Around surrounding near; ; ;

ment. — Abjudica'tion, n. Act of, etc. [L. ab and concerning on the point of. adv. Aronnd here ;
— ;

judicare.] and there; nearly. (AS. abutan.]

Abjure, ab-joor' v. t. [abjured (-joordO, -JURiNG.] To Above, a-buv', prep. Higher in place than superior ;

renounce under oath, or with solemnity. [L. ab to. —

adv. Overhead in a higher place before in ; ;

and./wrare, to swear.] —
Abjur'er, n. One who, etc. order of place higher in rank or power. [AS.
—
— Abjuralion, n. Act of, etc. —
Abjur'atory, a. abufan, fr. an, on, be, by, and ufan, upward.]
;

Containing abjuration. Above'board, -bord, adv. Not concealed; openly.

Ablactation, ab'lak-ta'shun, n. The weaning of a Above'-ground. Alive— not interred. ;

child a method of grafting now called inarching. Abracadabra, ab'ra-ka-dab''-

; »„„.„.„.„„.
[L. ab and lac, Metis, milk.] ra, n. cabalistic word,
r a A
n a b R Vr Va
Ablaqueate, ab-la'kwe-at, v. t. To lay bare or expose.
[L. ablaqueare.\— Ablaquea'tion, n. Actor process
formerly used as a charm, A
arranged in the form of a
VeraAdab
of laying bare the roots of trees.
R a c A D /b V
Ablative, abla-tiv, a. (Oram.) Applied to the 6th AKefa-brad', v. t.
case of Latin nouns, in which words signif ying car- rub or wear off [L. ab and
To
A „ r .
WrYcV
A
rying away or taking from, are used. [L. ablativus, radere, to scrape, shave.]— » „ R »
fr. ab and ferre, latum, to carry.] Abra'dant, n. That which A B R
Ablaut, iiblowt, n. A change of the root-vowel in a abrades; esp. powder used
"
word, —esp. to denote change of tense in a verb, oi in grinding and polishing.
number in a noun, etc.: as, get, gat, got; man, men. Abra'sion, -zhun, n. — A
[G., fr. ablauten, to be modified.] rubbing or scraping off; substance worn off by at-
Ablaze, a-blaz', adv. In a blaze; highly excited. trition.
Able, a'bl, a. [abler ablest.] Having ability of Abreast, a-brest'. adv. Side by side on a line.
;

any kind possessing sufficient power, means, skill, Abreuvoir, a'bre'vwar', n.

;
joint between stones A
etc., to accomplish some end; qualified; efficient; ef- in a wall. [F.]
fective. [L. nabilis, fr. habere, to have, hold.] —
Abridge, a-brij', v. t. [abridged (-brijd'), abridg-
Ably, a'blY, adv. —
A'ble-bod'ied, -bod'id, a. Hav- ing.] To bring within less space ; to shorten, esp.
ing a sound, strong body robust. ; by using fewer words to deprive cut off with ; , ; —
Ablegate, able-gat, n. An ecclesiastic charged with of. (Math.) To reduce to a more simple expression.
the duty of installing a cardinal. [L. ab and legare, [F. abre'ger, fr. L. abbreviate.] Abridgement, n. —
legaivan, to send with a commission.] A shortening or diminution ; restriction a work ;

Ablepsy, ablep-sY, n. Want of sight; blindness. [Gr. abridged or epitomized summary; synopsis. ;

« priv. and blepein, to see.] Abroach, a-broch', adv. Broached; letting out

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, eve, tSrm; In. Ice; »dd, tone, dr;
 ABROAD ACANTHUS
liquor in a state to be diffused. [From a, on, and -sterging.] To make
clean by wiping; to cleanse
;

OF. broche, spigot.] by lotions, etc. [L. abs and tergere, to wipe.] —
Abroad, a-brawd', adv. At large ; unconfined; out Abster'gent, a. Serving to cleanse; detergent.
of a house or other inclosure; in foreign countries. Absterse', -stSrs', v. t. To cleanse by wiping. —
Abrogate, ab'ro-gat, v. t. To annul by an authori- AbsterSion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. AbsterSive, —
tative act ; to abolish; revoke ; repeal. [L. ab and -siv, a. Having the quality of cleansing.
rogare, rogatum, to ask] —
Abrogation, n. Act of, Abstract, ab-strakf, v. t. To draw from or separate;
etc. —Ab'rogative, -tiv, a. Tending to, etc. to epitomize or reduce; to purloin. [L. abs and tra-
Abrupt, ab-rupt', a. Broken steep sudden un-
; ; ; here, tractum, to draw.] —
Abstract, a. Distinct
connected. [L. ab and rumpere, ruptum, to break.] from something else; separate; withdrawn from the
— Abruptly, adv. — Abrup'tion, n. A sudden concrete, or from particulars difficult abstruse;
breaking oft violent separation of bodies. Ab- — refined. — n. A summary, or epitome an abridg-
; ;

ruptness, ». Steepness; suddenness; great haste. ment. — AbstractSd, p. a. Separated : absent in

;

Abscess, ab'ses, n. A collection of pus or purulent mind. — AbstractSdly, Abstractly, adv. By itself;
matter in an accidental cavity of the body. [L. abs, in a separate state. —
Abstract Sdness, n. State of
away, and cedere, cessum, to go.] being abstracted. —
Abstraction, n. Act of abstract-
Abscind, ab-sind', v. t. To cut off. [L. ab and scin- ing or separating, or state of being separated; act ol
dere, scissum, to rend, cut.]— Abscission, -sizh'un, n. considering separately what is united in a complex
A cutting off. (Rhet.) A figure of speech, by which object; an abstract or theoretical notion; a purloin-
—
the speaker stops abruptly, as supposing the matter ing. Abstractitious, -tish'us. a. Drawn from other
sufficiently understood. substances, esp. from vegetables, without fermenta-
Absciss, abSis, n.; pi. Abscisses, ab'sis-ez. Ab- tion.— Abstractive, a. Having the power of ab-
scissa, -sisSa, n. ; pi. Lat. Abscissae, -sis'se, Eng. stracting.—AbStractness, n. State of being abstract.
Abscissas, -saz. (Geom.) One of the elements of Abstruse, ab-stroosl a. Hidden has-d to he under- ;

reference by which a point, as of a curve, is referred stood. [L. abstrudere, abstrusum, to thrust away.]
to a system of fixed rectilineal coordinate axes. [L. — Abstrusely, adv. Not plainly darkly. Ab- ; —
ab and scindere, scissum, to cut.] struse'ness, n.
Abscond, ab-skond'', v. i. To secrete one's self; to Absurd, ab-serd', a. Obviously inconsistent with
decamp —
used esp. of persons evading legal pro- reason or common sense foolish preposterous ;
cess.
;

[L. ab, abs, and condere, to lay up.] Ab- — ridiculous.

;

[L. ab and surdus, indistinct, harsh-

;

sconder, n. One who, etc. sounding; also deaf.] — Absurdity, n. Anything

Absent, abSent, a. Withdrawn from, or not present absurd. —
AbsurdSiess, n. — Absurdly, adv.
in, a place ; inattentive to what is passing. [L. ab- Abundance. See under Abound.
sens, fr. abesse, to be away.] AbSence, n. —being A Abuse, a-buz', v. t. [abused, (-buzd'), abusing.]
absent ; want; inattention to things present.— Ab'- To make use of; to misuse; to treat rudely: to
ill
eently, adv. In an absent manner with the ; maltreat; to revile. [L. ab and uti, usus, to use.] —
thoughts elsewhere. —
Absent', v. t. To take or Abuse, a-bus', n. Ill use ; a corrupt practice or
withdraw to such a distance as to prevent inter- custom; rude language; reproach; insult. Abu'- —
course—Absentee'', n. One who absents himself sive, -siv, a. Employing or containing abuse; scur-
from his country, office, post, duty, etc., esp. a land- rilous; opprobrious; misapplied. AbuSively, adv. —
holder who lives away from his estate. Absentee'- — — AbuSiveness, n.
ism, State or habit of an absentee.
n. AbsentSr, — Abut, a-buf, v. i. To terminate or border; to be
n. One who absents himself. contiguous. [F. aboutir, f r. bout, end.] Abut'ment. —
Absinthe, abSinth, n. A
cordial of brandy tinc- n. That on which a thing abuts. {Arch.) The solid
tured with wormwood. fF., fr. L. absinthium, worm- support of a bridge, etc., at the end. Abut' tal, n. —
wood.] —
Absin'tnate, n. (Chem.) Absinthic acid The butting or boundary of land.
combined with a base. —
Absin'thiate, -tM-at, v. t. Abutilon, a-bulY-lon, n. (Bot.) A genus of shrubs,
To impregnate with wormwood. — Absin'thian, a. commonly known as Indian mallows. [Arab.]
Of the nature of, etc. Abyss, a-bis r n. A
bottomless gulf; hell, or the bot-
Absolute, abSo-lut, a. Freed from any limitation or tomless pit.
,

[G. a priv. and bussos, bottom.] —

condition; uncontrolled; arbitrary; unlimited; un- Abysmal, a-biz'mal, a. Bottomless; unending.—
conditioned; finished; perfect; total; complete. [L. Abyssal, -bisSl, a. Belonging to, or resembling,
ab and solvere, solutum, to loose.] Absolutely, adv. — an abyss. —
AbysSic, a. (Geol.) Pert, to an abyss;
In an absolute manner positively ; arbitrarily. ;
— esp. to strata which formed the bottom of a deep sea.
Absoluteness, n. Quality of being absolute; com- Acacia, a-kaShl-a, n. (Bot.) A genus of leguminous
pleteness; arbitrary power. —
Absolutism, n. Ab- trees and shrubs, usually with thorns and pinnate
solute government or its principles.— Absolutist, n. leaves. [Gr. akaJcia, fr. ake, point.] AcScin, -cine. —
—
An advocate of absolutism. Ab'solutistlc, a. Be- -sin, n. The inspissated juice of several species or
longing to absolutism. acacia; gum arabic.
Absolve, ab-solv', v. t. [absolved (-solvd'), -solv'- Acacio, a-kaShl-o, n. A
heavy wood of the same
JNG.] To set free or release from, as from obligation, family with the red mahogany.
debt, responsibility, penalty, etc. to exonerate, ac-
; Academy, a-kad'e-ml. n. A
garden near Athens
quit. HL absolvere. See Absolute.]— AbsoluSien, n. (named from Academus) where Plato taught; hence,
{Civ. Law.) An acquittal. (Rom.Cath. Church.) A
— Plato's school of philosophy a kind of higher ;

remission of sin. —
Absolutory, a. Absolving. school or seminary an institution for the promo-
;

AbsolvSr, n. One who, etc. —

AbsolvSble, a. Ca- tion of art or science. [Gr. akademeia!}— Academic,
pable of being, etc. —
AbsolvStory, a. That ab- -ical, a. Of or relating to a higher institution of
solves. learning. —Academic, n. A
follower of Plato a ;

Absorb, ab-sdrb' v. t. [absorbed (-sorbd'), -sorb- student in a college, university, etc. Academics, —
jno.] To drink in, suck up, imbibe as a sponge, n. (Met.) The Platonic philosophy. Academ'- —
swallow up, or overwhelm; to engross wholly. [L. ically, adv. —
Ac'ademiSian. -mishSn, n. mem- A
ab and sorbere, to suck in.] —
Absorb'abillty, n. ber of an academy, or learned society esp., of the
—
;

Capacity of being, etc. AbserbSble, a. Capable French Academy. — Academicism, -sizm, n. The
of being, etc. —
AbsorbSnt, a. Sucking up; imbib- mode of instruction, esp. in fine arts, practiced in
ing.— n. A substance or a bodily organ which ab- academies.
sorbs. —
Absorp'tioo, n. Act or process of being Acaleph, akS-lef, n. (Zobl.) A radiate marine animal;
absorbed and made to disappear; engrossment or a sea-nettle; a jelly-fish; —so called from its sting-
occupation of mind. —
Absorp'tive, -tiv. a. Having ing power. [Gr. akalephe, a nettle.]
—
power to absorb. Absorptivity, n. Acanthus, a-kanlhus, n. ; pi. Eng. Acanthuses, Lat.
Abstain, ab-stan', v. i. [abstained (-stand'), -stain- Acanthi. (Arch.) An
ing.] To forbear, or refrain, voluntarily esp. ; ornament resembling
—
from indulgence of passions or appetites. v. t. To the foliage or leaves of
hinder to withhold from. [L. abs and tenere, to
; the acanthus, as in
hold.] — Abstinence, n. The act or practice of ab- Corinthian capitals.
staining. — AbStiueut, a. Refraining from indul- (Bot.) A genus of
gence; temperate. herbaceous prickly
Abstemious, ab-ste'mY-us, a. Sparing in the free use plants. [Gr. akanthos,
of food and strong drinks; temperate. [L. abstemivs, fr. ake, point, and an-
fr. abs and temetum, strong wine.] Abstemiously, — thos, flower.] Acan- —
adv. — Abstemiousness, n. thaceous, -thaShus, a.
Absterge, ab-stSrj', v. t. [absterged (-sterjd'), Armed with prickles, Acanthus.

sun, cube, full; moon, fotit; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, bosboN. chair, eel.
 ; ;;

ACATALEOTIC ACCOUNT
as a plant. —Acan / thocar' poU8, -kar'pus, ,

a. (Bot.) Accipiter, ak-sip'T-ter, n. rapacious bird, as an A

Having the fruit covered with spines. [Gr. karpos, eagle, hawk, etc. (Surg.) bandage over th« A
fruit.] —
Acanthocephalan, -sef'a-lan, n. (Zobl.) nose. —
Accipltrine, -trin, a. Pert, to, etc. [L., fr.
A species of intestinal worm, having its proboscis accipere, to seize.]
armed with spines. [Gr. kephale, head.] Acan'- — Acclaim, ak-klani'", v. t. [acclaimed (-klamdl,
thopod. n. (Zool.) A species of insect having spiny -claiming.] To meet with applause; to salute. [L.
Legs. [Gr. pous, podos, foot.] Acanthopodioui, — ad and clamare, to cry aloud.] Acclaim'', AccLv —
-po'dt-us, a. (Bot.) Having spinous petioles. — ma'tion, -ma'shun, n. A shout of assent or appro-
Acanthop'teryglous, -te-rij'T-us, a. Thorny-finned, bation. —
Acclam'atory, a. Expressing applause.
—applied to an order of fishes. [Gr. pteron, wing, fin.] Acclimate, ak-kli'mat, Acclimatize, v. t. [acclima-
Acatalectic, a-kat-a-leklik, a. (Pros.) Not defective; tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To habituate to a climate
— said of a verse which has the complete number of not native. —
Accli'matable, a. Capable of being
syllables. [Gr. akatatektos.] acclimated. —
Acclima'tion, -cli'matiza'tion, -cli '•
Acataleptic, a-kat-a-lep'tik, a. Incapable of being mature, -ma-chur, n. Process of becoming, or state
certainly comprehended. [Gr. a priv. and katalam- of being, etc.
banein, to seize.] Acclivity, ak-klivl-tY, n. slope, considered as A
Acauline, a-kaw'lin, Acaulous, -lus, a. Having no ascending, —
opp. to declivity ; rising ground. [L.
stem, but flowers resting on the ground. [Gr. a priv. ad and clivus, rising ground.] Acclivous, -kli'vus, —
and kaulos, stalk.] a. Rising with a slope.
Accede, ak-sed', v. i. To agree or assent; to beeome a Accolade, ak-ko-lad / n. The ancient ceremony of
',

party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty or con- conferring knighthood, comprising a tap with a
vention. [L. accedere, accession, fr. ad and cedere, sword on the shoulder. [L. ad and collum, neck.]
to go.] —
Access, ak-ses' or ak'ses, n. A coming to ; Accommodate, ak-kom'mo-dat, v. t. To render fit, or
near approach admittance the way by which a ; correspondent; adapt; to furnish with something
—
;

thing may be approached; increase; addition. Ac- needed; to reconcile. [L. ad, con, with, and modus,
ces'sory, -sary, a. Accompanying connected as a measure.] —
Accom'modating, a. Affording accom-
—
;

subordinate. n. Something connected as a sub- modation helpful.;

—
Accorn'moda'tion, ». Act of
ordinate. (Law.) One who is implicated in a felo- fitting, or state of being fitted whatever supplies ;

nious offense, though not present at its perpetration. a want ; adjustment of differences; reconciliation.
[The spelling accessary is generally preferred in the (Com.) A
loan of money. Accommodation note. —
law sense.] — Accessorial, -so r rT-al, a. Pert, to an One given by the maker to accommodate the receiv-
accessory. — Acces'sorily, adv. — Acces'soriness, n. er, who is to provide for it when due. -train. One —
— Accessible, a. Easy of access or approach. — which stops at minor or way stations, making less
Accessibility — Acces'sion, -sesh'un, n. Act of
, ?i. speed than express trains. Accorn'moda'tor, -fer, n.—
acceding and becoming joined; increase; that which Accompany, ak-kum'pa-nY, v. t. [accompanied
is added. (Law.) A mode of acquiring property, (-kum'pa-nid), -nying.] To go with as companion
by which the owner has a right to certain additions or associate. (Mus.) To perform the accompaniment.
or improvements. Act of arriving at a throne, an [F. accompagner.] —
Accom'paniment, n. Some-
office, or dignity. (Med.) The commencement of a thing that accompanies; an addition by way of orna-
ment. (Mus.) A part performed by instruments
Accelerate, ak-seKer-at, v. t. To quicken the motion accompanying voices also, the harmony of a figured
;

or action of ; to hasten expedite. [L. ad and cele- ; bass. — Accom'panist, n. (Mus.) The performer
rare, to hasten.] —
Acceleration, -a'shun, n. has- A who takes the accompanying part.
tening. —
Accel'erative, -tiv, Accel'eratory, a. Accomplice, ak-kom'plis, n. A co-operator or asso-
Quickening. —
Accelerator, -ter, n. One who, or ciate. (Law.) An associate in a crime. [L. ad and^
that which, etc. complex, interwoven, fr.plicere, to fold.]
Accent, ak'sent, n. Superior force of voice upon Accomplish, ak-kom'plish, v. t. [accomplished
one or more syllables of a word a mark used in : (-plisht), -plishing.] To finish, complete, bring to
writing to indicate this stress; a peculiar modulation pass, fulfill, realize. [F. accomplir, fr. L. ad and
of the voice. (Mus.) A
slight stress upon a tone to complere, to fill up.] — Accomplished, -plisht, p. a.
mark its position in the measure. (Math.) mark A Complete and perfected; esp., complete in acquire-
upon a letter or number, to distinguish magnitudes ments. —
Accomplishment, n. Act of accomplish-
of similar kind, but differing in value. [F., fr. L. ac- ing acquirement: attainment.
;

centus, It. ad and cantus, song.] — Accent, ak-sent', Accompt, ak-kownf. See Account.
v. t. To express or note the accent of; to pronounce Accord, ak-k&rd', n. Concurrence of opinion, will,
or mark with, etc. — Accent'or, -er, n. (Mus.) A or action; consent; harmony of sounds; concord;
leader. — Accenfuable, -u-a-bl, a. Capable of being, voluntary or spontaneous motion. (Law.) An
etc.— Accent'ual, a. Relating to, etc.— Accenfuate, agreement between parties in controversy, which
v. t. To mark or pronounce with, etc.; to bring bars a suit. — v. t. To make to correspond; to har-
prominently into notice to make conspicuous. ;
— monize; to concede. —
v. i. To be in accordance; to
Accentuation, n. Aet of placing accents in writing, agree. (Mus.) To agree in pitch and tone. [L. ad,
or of giving accent to them in speaking. (Eccl.) and cor, cordis, heart.] Accordance, n. Agree- —
Pitch and modulation of the voice in reading parts ment. —
Accord' ant a. Corresponding consonant ;

—
,

of the liturgy. agreeable. —

Accord'antly, adv. According, p. a.
Accept, ak-sept', v. t. To receive with a consenting In harmony with; suitable. — Accordingly, adv. In
mind to admit and agree to. (Com.) To receive as
; accordance with.
obligatory, and promise to pay. [L. acceptare, fr. Accordion, ak-k6r'dY-un, n. A small keyed wind
ad and capere, to take. J — Acceptable, a. Worthy, instrument, with me-
or sure of being accepted pleasing to a receiver tallic reeds.
agreeable welcome. —
Accept'ableness, -ability,
; ;

Accost, ak-kost r v. t.
n. — ;

Acceptably, adv. Acceptance, n. Fa- — To address; to speak

,

vorable reception. (Com.) An assent and engage- first to. [Li. ad and
ment to pay a bill of exchange when due; the bill costa, rib, side.] — Ac-
itself when accepted. (Law.) An agreeing to the cost'able, a. Easy of
act or contract of another. Aecepfant, n. One — access; affable. _ Accordion.
—
who accepts. Accepta'tion, n. Meaning or sense. Accouchement, ak-koosh-maN', n. Delivery in child-
— Aocept'er, n. A
person who accepts esp. one bed. [F.] —
Accoucheur, ak-koo-shSr / n. A man ',

who accepts a bill of exchange.

;

who assists women in childbirth a man-midwife. ;

—
Access. See under Accede. Accoucheuse, -shez', n. A midwife.
Accident, ak'st-dent, n. An unexpected event; cas- Account, ak-kownf, n. A reckoning; a statement of
ualty; contingency, pi. (Gram.) The properties debts and credits; a statement of reasons, causes,
and qualities of the parts of speech. (Log.) An unes- grounds, etc.; a relation or description; importance;
sential property or quality. [F., fr. L. accidens, -den- reason; consideration; sake. v. t. To reckon or —
tis, falling to, fr. ad and cadere, to fall.] Acci- — compute; to hold in opinion; to estimate. v. i. —
dental, a. Happening by chance, or unexpectedly To render a relation of particulars; to constitute a
non-essential; fortuitous; contingent; incidental.— reason; to render reasons or answer for. [L. ad and
n. A
casualty. (Mus.) sharp, flat, or natural, oc- A computare, to reckon.] —
Accountable, a. Liable to
curring not at the commencement of a piece of mu- be called to account and to suffer punishment
sic as the signature, but before a particular note. — amenable responsible. Accountability, -aBle- —
Accident/ ally, «dv. ACcidence, n. A book con-— ness, n.
;

State of being, etc. Accounfant, n. One —

taining the rudiments of grammar. who keeps, or is skilled in, accounts. Account —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, eve, term; Tn, Ice; 5dd, tone, 8r;
 ACCOUFLE ACOUSTIC
current. A statement showing the Dr. and Cr. sides Acetic, a-set'ik or -sefik, a. (Chem.) Composed of
of a business transaction. four parts each of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.
Accouple, ak-kup'l, v. t. To join together: to couple. Acetic acid is the pure acid of vinegar. [L. acetum,
Accentor, Accoutre, ak-koo't6r, r. t. [ACCOUTEREDor vinegar.] —
Acetate, as'e-tat, Ac'etite. -tit, n. salt A
-coutred (-koVtSrd), -tering or -tring (-koo'- formed by acetic acid united with a base. Ace'- —
tring).] To furnish with dress, equipage, or equip- tous, -tus, a. Sour causing acetification. ; Acet'- —
ments, esp. those of a soldier. [F. accoutrer.]—Ac- ify, v. t.ori. [acetified (-fid), -fyixg.] To turn into
cou' torments, -trements, n. pi. Dress; equipage; acid or vinegar. [L.facere, to make.] Acet'iftca'- —
trappings; esp. for military service. tion, n. —
Acetim'eter, n. An instrument for ascer-
Accrementition, ak /
kre-men-tish''un, n. {Physiol.) A
taining the strength of vinegar, etc. [L. meirum,
process of generation in which an organic part sep- measure.] —
Acetim'etry, n. Art of ascertaining, etc.
arates from the parent part, and becomes a distinct —Acetylene, a-sgt'I-len, n. (Chem.) A colorless
being. — Accrementitial, -tish'al, a. [L. accremen- fas, consisting of two atoms of carbon and two of
tum, fr. accrescere, to increase.] ydrogen, with a peculiar, unpleasant odor. It is
Accredit, ak-kred'it, v. t. To give trust or confidence formed by the action of water on calcium carbide.
to; to receive, as an envoy, and give him credit and Ache, ak, v. t. [ached (akt), aching.] To have, or be
rank; to send with credentials; to procure credit in, continued pain; to be distressed. n. Continued —
for. [L. ad and credere, creditum, to believe.] pain, opp. to sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain.
Accretion, ak-kre'shun, n. An increase, esp. the in- [AS. aete, an_ache, acan, Gr. achein. to ache.]
crease of organic bodies by the internal accession of Achieve, a-chev', v. t. [achieved (-chevd'), achiev-
parts; increase by accession externally; growing ing.] To carry on to a final close to complete, ac- ;

together of parts naturally separate. [L. ad and complish, realize, f F. achever, fr. chef, head, end,
crescere, to grow.] — Accres'cence, -kres'ens, n. L. caput.']— Achievable, a. Achiev'anee, n. — —
Gradual growth. — Accres'cent, a. Increasing. —
Achieve , ment, a. Act of achieving accomplish- ;

Accre'tive, -tiv, a. Growing by accretion. ment ; a great or heroic deed ; feat. (Her.) An es-
Accrue, ak-kroo', v. i. [accrued (-krood'), -cruing.] cutcheon or ensign armorial. Achiev'er, n. —
To increase; to arise; to be added, as increase, profit, Achor. a'kor, n. A
cutaneous disease on the head;
or damage. I F. accrue, increase, L. ad and crescere, scald-head. [L. and Gr.]
grow. J —
Accru'ment, n. Achromatic, ak-ro-mafik, a. (Opt.) Free from color;
ubat
Accubation, ak-ku-ba'shun, n. A
reclining on a couch, not showing color, from the decomposition of light.
as practiced by the ancients at meals. [L. ad and [Gr. a priv. and chroma, color.] Achrematicity, —
cubare, to lie down.] — Accumbent, ak-kum'bent, -tis'T-tT, Acnro 'matism. n. State of being achro-
,

a. Leaning, as the ancients did at meals. —

Accum'- matic. —
Achro'matiza'tion, n. Act of rendering,
bency, n. [L. ad and cumbere, to lie down.] etc. ; deprivation of color. —
Achro'inatopsy. n.
Accumulate, ak-ku'mu-lat, v. t. To heap up in a Inability to distinguish colors ; color-blindnes* ;
mass; to collect or bring together. —
v. i. To grow Daltonism. [Gr. opsis. sight.]
to a great size, number, or quantity; to increase Acicular, a-sikMi-lSr, a. Slender, like a needle; needle-
greatly. [L. ad and annulare, to heap.] —
Accu mu- shaped. [L. acicula, dim, of acvs. needle.] Acic'- —
la'tion, n. Act of accumulating; state of being ac- ularly, adv. —
Acic'ulate, -ulated, a. Acicular. —
cumulated; that which is accumulated; mass; heap. Acic'ulite, -lit, n. Needle-ore an ore of bismuth,
—
;

Accumulative, -tiv, a. Causing accumulation; found in quartz, in long thin crystals.

cumulative. —
Accumulator, -ter, n. One who, or Acid, as'id, w. A
sour substance. (.Chem.) sub- A
that which, etc.; ^sp. power, etc., in machinery. stance having the properties of combining with
Accurate, ak'ku-rat, a. In careful conformity to alkalies and alkaline oxides, and of reddening
truth, or to a standard, rule, or model; correct; pre- most blue vegetable colors, and usually with a
cise. [L. ad and curare, f r. cura, care.] Ac'cu- —strong, sharp taste. a. —
Sour, sharp, or biting to
rately, adv. —
Ac'curacy, -ra-sT, -rateness, -rat-nes, the taste tart. [L. acidus, fr. acuere. to make
;

n. Precision resulting from care; correctness. sharp.] —

Acidity. Ac'idness. n. Quality of being,
Accurse, ak-kers', v. t. [accursed (-kerst'), accurs- etc. —
Acid'ify, v. t. [acidified (-fid), -fving.] To
ing.] To devote to destruction; to imprecate evil make acid; esp. to convert into an acid, by chemical
upon; to curse. [AS. a and cursian, to curse.] —
combination. [L. facere, to make.] Acid'ifiable, a. —
Accursed, p. p. a. (part. pron. ak-kersf, a. ak- —
Acid'ifica'tion, n. —
Acidif'ic, a. Producing acid-
kers'ed ) Doomed to destruction or misery; worthy ity.— Acid'in'er. n. (Chem.) A principle accessary
of a curse; detestable; execrable. to produce acidity. —
Acidim'eter, n. An instru-
Accuse, ak-kuz', v. t. [accused (-knzdO. -casing.] ment for ascertaining the strength of acids. [Gr.
To charge with a crime, offense, or fault; to arraign; metron, measure.] —
Acid'ulous, a. Slightly sour ;
censure impeach. [L. accusare, fr. ad and causa,
; sub-acid sourish. : [L. acidulus, dim. of acidus.]
cause, lawsuit.] —Accusation, -za'shun, n. Act of, —
Acid'ulate, v. t. To make slightly acid.— Acid''-
etc. ; that of which one is, etc. —
Accusative, a. Pro- ulent, a. Somewhat aeid; sour; cross.
ducing or containing, etc. (Gram.) Applied to the Aciniform. a-sin'I-fdrm, a. Formed like a cluster of
case of nouns, on which the action of a verb termi- grapes or a grape-stone; full of small kernels. [L.
nates or falls. —Accu'satively, adv. —
Accu'satory, acinus, grape, grape-stone, and forma, form.]
a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. —
Accus'er, «. Acknowledge, ak-nol'ej, v. t. [acknowledged (-ejd),
Accustom, ak-kus'tum, v. t. [accustomed (-kus r - -edging.] To own, avow, admit; to recognize; to
tumd), -toming.] To make familiar by use ; to own with gratitude; to own. etc., in a lesal form;
habituate or inure. — Accus 'ternary, a. Usual cus- to concede, confess, allow.
; [Prefix a, and Ixioivl-
tomary. — Accus'tomarily, adv. edge.] —Acknowledgment, n. Act of, etc.; some-
Ace, as, n. A single point on a card, die, etc.; the thing given or done in return for a favor; a declara-
card or die so marked a very small degree; a trifle. tion of one's own act, to give it legal validity.
[L. as, unity, unit, pound.]
;

Aclinic, a-klin'ik, a. Without inclination; said of —

Aceldama, a-sel'da-ma, n. A
field purchased with the the magnetic equator, on which the magnetic needle
bribe which Judas took hence called the field of
; is horizontal. [Gr. a priv. and klinein, to incline.]
blood. [Heb. khekk, field, and dam, blood.] Acme, ak'me, n. The highest point: crisis. [Gr.]
Acephalous, a-sefa-lus, a. Without a head headless. Acne, ak'ne, n. ; A
small hard pimple. [Gr.]
(Bot.) Having the style spring from the base, instead Acolyte, ak'o-llt, -lyth, -lith. n. companion asso- A ;

of the apex. (ProsS Deficient at the beginning, as ciate. (Astron.) An attendant star. (Eccl. Hist.)
a line of poetry. [Gr. a priv. and kephale, head.] —
An inferior church servant. [Gr. akolouthein, to lol-
Acepb/alan, n. (Zool.) A
mollusk. low.]
Acerb, a-serb', a. Sour with bitterness. [L. acerbus.] Aconite, ak'o-nit, n. Wolf's-bane, a poison. Acon'"- —
— Acerbity, -itude. n. Sourness of taste, with bitter- itine, -tin, n. The alkaloid of. etc. [Gr. akoniton.]
ness and astringency harshness of manners.
; Acorn, a'kern, n. The seed or fruit of an oak. [AS.
Aceric, a-sSr'ik, a. Pertaining to. or obtained from, secern, fr. secer, a field.]
the maple; as, aceric acid. [L. acer. a maple tree.] Acotyledon, a-kot'1-le'don, n. A
plant having no seed-
—
Acescent, a-ses'ent, a. Turning sour; readilv becom- lobes, or cotyledons. [Gr. a priv. and kotuledon.]
ing tart or acid. [L. acescere, to turn sour.] Aces'- — i

Acotyledonous, -led r o-nus, a.

j
Having either no
cence. -cency, n. seed-lobes or such as are indistinct.
I

Acetabulum, as'e-tab'u-lum, n. One of the suckers Acoustic, a-kow'stik, or -koo'stik, a. Pert, to hear-
in the arms of the cuttle-fish. (Anat.) The socket of ing, or to the doctrine of sounds. [Gr. akoustikos,
the hip-joint. [L., a vinegar cruet, cup.] —
AcetaV- fr. akouein, to hear.] —
Acou'stics, n. The science
— —
I

nlif era, n. pi. Cuttle-fishes having arms furnished of sounds. ! Acoustically, adv. Acoustician,
with suckers. [L.ferre, to carry.] -tish'an, n. One versed in, etc.
i

ean, cube, full; moon, fotrt; eow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; J

ACQUAINT 6 ADD
Acquai nt ak-kwanf,
, v. t. To make familiar; to com- body. (Mil.) An engagement between
troops. —
municate notice to to apprise to iniorm. [OF.
;

acointer.] — Acquaintance, n. State oi being ac-

; Actionable, a. (Law.) Liable to a suit. Action- —
ably, adv. —
Ac'tionary, -tionist, n, (Com.) stock- A
quainted; familiar knowledge; a person or persons holder in a company. —
Active, -iv, a. Having the
well known. — Acquaintanceship, n. Familiarity; power or quality of acting; engaged in action; ener-
fellowship; intimacy. getic ; busy ; practical. (Oram.) Expressing
Acquiesce, ak-wT-es r , v. i. [acquiesced (-wY-esf), —
tion or transition of action from an agent to an ob-
-escing (-eslng.)] To rest satisfied; to concur, as- Actively, adv. —
Actlveness, Activity,
iect.
ject. —
sent, compty. j~L. ad and quiescere, fr. quies, rest.] Actor, akt'er, n. One who acts esp. on the
— Acquiescent, a. —
Acquiescence, -cency, n. Si- Act'ress, n. A female actor.
stage. — Act'ual. a. — ;

lent assent. Existing in act; real: carried out, opp. to potential, —

Acquire, ak-kwlr', v. t. [acquired (-kwlrd'), -quie- virtual, theoretical, etc.; exist-in;; at present. — Act'-
ING.J To gain, usually by one's own labor or exer- ually, adv. Actuality, Act'ualness, n. —
Act'ual- —
tions; to attain, earn, win. [L. ad and quserere, ist, n. One who considers actually existing facts or
quaesitum, to seek.] —
Acquir'able, a. Acquire'- —
conditions, opp. to idealist — Act'ualize, v.t. To —
ment, Acquisition, -zish'un, n. Act of acquiring; make actual. Actualization, n. — Act'uary, n. —
thing acquired; attainment; gain. —
Acquisitive, A registrar; a manager of a joint-stock company,
-kwiz'Y-tiv, a. Disposed to make acquisitions. Ac- —
esp. of an insurance company. Act'uate. v. t. To —
quisitively, adv. — Acquisitiveness, n. State or put into action; incite to action. Actuation, n. —
quality of being acquisitive. (Phren.) The organ Actinia, ak-tin'T-a, n. ; pi. Actix'ix, -i-e. The sea-
supposed to give rise to this desire. anemone, which has ray-like tentacles surrounding
Acquit, ak-kwif, v. t. To set free; to release, esp. its mouth. [Gr. aktis, aktinos, a ray.] Actinlform, —
from an obligation, accusation, suspicion, etc.; to a. Having a radiated form. [L. .forma, form.]
clear, absolve ;(reflexh-elu) to bear or conduct one's Actinism, aklin-izm, n. A property in the solar rays
self. [OF. acquiter, to settle a Glaim, fr. L. quietus, which produces chemical changes, as in photog-
discharged, free. ) —
Acquit'ment, n. Act of, or state raphy. [Gr. aktis.] Actinic, a. Of or pert, to, etc. —
of being, etc. —Acquitlal, n. (Laio.) Deliverance —
Actin'ograph, -graf, n. An instrument for re-
from a charge, by a jury or court. Acquittance, — cording variations in the actinic force of sunlight. —
n. Acquitment; a writing which is evidence of a dis- Actin'ogram, n. The record made by an actino-
charge; a receipt in full. graph. [Gr. graphein, to describe.] Actinom'eter. —
Acre, a'ker, n. A piece of land containing 160 square n. An instrument for measuring the intensity of
rods, or 43,560 square feet. [AS. secer, L. ager, actinic rays. [Gj. metron, measure.]
Gr. agros, field.] —Acreage, a'ker-ej, n. A sum Aculeate, a-kule-at, a. (Bot.) Having sharp points;
total of acres. —Acred, a'kerd, a. Possessing acres; pointed; used of —
landed. prickles fixed in the bark,
Acrid, aklid, a. Of a biting: taste; sharp; harsh. [L.
acer, acris, sharp.] —Ac lidness, Acridity, w. A
opp. to thorns growing
from the wood. [L. acu-
^
sharp quality; pungency. —Ac 'rimony, Ac'ritude, leus, dim. of acus, nee-
n. Quality of corroding or dissolving; sharpness; dle.] Aculeate Stem.
severity asperity, tartness.
; —
Acrimo'nious, a. —
Acumen, a-ku'men, n. Quickness of perception or
Acrimo'niously, adv. discernment; penetration of mind ; acuteness per-
Acritochromacy, ak'rt-to-kro'ma-sT, n. Inability to spicuity. [L., fr. acuere, to sharpen, fr. acus!]
;
—
distinguish between colors color-blindness
; Dal- Acu'minate. v. t. To render sharp or keen.
; v. i. —
tonism. [Gr. a priv., krinein, to separate, and To end in a sharp point. a. Having a long, taper- —
chroma, color.] incr nr»ir»t Ijtn'minAno n Annminntp _ A/>n'- —
Acroamatic, ak'ro-a-matlk, Acroatlc, a. Meant mination, n. A sharpening termination in, etc. ;

only to be heard; oral; abstruse. [Gr. akroasthai, to Acupression, ak'u-presh'un, Acupressure, -presh'Sr,
hear.] n. (Surg.) The arresting of hemorrhage from an
Acrobat, aklo-bat, n. One who practices high vault- artery, etc. by passing a needle through the wounded
ing, rope-dancing, etc. —
Acrobatic, a. [Gr. akros,
,

vessel. [L. acus and premere, pressum, to press.] —

on high, and bainein, to go.] Acupuncture, -punk'chur, n. (Med.) The intro-
Acrogen, ak1o-jen,ra. A
kind of cryptogamous plant, duction of needleslnto the living tissues for reme-
which increases by growth at the extremity, such — dial purposes. [L. pungere, punctum, to prick.
as ferns, etc. —
Acrogenous, a-kroj'e-nus, a. [Gr. Acute, a-kut', a. Sharp at the end pointed having ; ;

akros, extreme, and gignesthai, to be born.]
Acronycal, a-kronlk-al, a. (Astron.) Rising at sun-
set and setting at sunrise, as a star; opp. to cos-
mical. [Gr. akros and nux, nuktos, night.]
Acropolis, a-krop'o-lis, n. The higher part of a Gre-
cian city; the citadel or castle; esp. the citadel of
Athens. [Gr. akros and polis, city.] Ac'ropoll-
nice discernment; shrewd; having quick sensibility;
(Med.) Having symptoms of sever-
high, or shrill.
— ity, and coming speedily to a crisis: — opp. to chronic.
[L. acutus.] — Acutely, adv. — Acute'ness, n.
Adage, ad'ej, n. A saying which has obtained credit
by long use; maxim: proverb; aphorism. [F.]
— Adagio, a-da'jo, a. (Mus.) Slow moving leisurely ;

tan, a. Pert, to, etc. and gracefully. — n. A piece of slow music. [It.]
Across, a-kros', prep. From side to side of; quite Adamant, ad'a-mant, n. A stone imagined to be of
over; in a direction opposed to the length of. —adv. impenetrable hardness — hence a diamond or other
;

From side to side; crosswise, [a, on, and cross.] very hard substance. [Gr. adamas, -mantos, very
Acrostic, a-kroslik, n. A
composition, usually in hard stone or metal, fr. a priv. and daman, to tame,
verse, in which the first or the last letter of every subdue.] —
Ad'amante'an, -man tine, -tin a. Hard ,

line, or of every word, read collectively, form a as, or made of, etc. —
Adamantine spar. A very
name or sentence. —
a. Of or pert, to, etc. [Gr. hard variety of corundum. Adamantoid, n. — A
akrostichon, fr. akros and stichos, line.] Acros'- — diamond-like crystal, bounded by forty-eight equal
tically, adv. triangles.
Acrotism, aklo-tizm, n. (Med.) A defect of pulsa- Adam's-apple, ad'amz-ap'pl, n. A species of citron,
tion. [Gr. a priv. and krotos, the pulse.] also of banana; the projection formed by the thy-
Act, v. i. To exert power; to be in action or motion roid cartilage in the neck.
to behave or conduct; to demean one's self. v. t. — ;

Adansonia, ad-an-so'nY-a, n. The African calabash-

To perform, esp. on the stage ; to feign to assume tree; baobab. m _ .......
the office or character of. —
n. That which is done
;

Adapt, a-dapf, To make fit or suitable; to suit;

v. t.

or doing; deed; a decree, edict, law, judgment, etc.; adjust; attune. [L. ad and aptare, to fit.] — Adapf-
any instrument in writing to verify facts one of able, a. Capable of being adapted. — Adaptabil-
ity, Adapt 'ableness, n. — Adaptation, n. Act of, or
;

the principal divisions of a play a state of reality,

state of being, etc. — Adapt'er, 7t. One who adapts.
;

or real existence, as opposed to a possible existence;

a state of preparation. [L. agere, actum, to put in (Chem.) A receiver with two necks ; an adopter.
motion.] —
Acting, p. a. Discharging the duties of Add, ad, v. t. To join or unite, as one sum to another;
—
another. —
n. The performance of an assumed part. to subioin, annex. [L. ad and dare, to put, give.]
— Action, ak'shun, n. Exertion of power, or the Ad'dible, -dable, a. - Addibillty, n. - Ad'ditive,
effect of power exerted; motion produced; agency; -tiv, a. Addible. — Ad'der, n. One who or that
thing done; a deed conduct demeanor series of
; ; ; which adds ; an adding machine, abacus. — Addi-
events forming the subject of a play, poem, etc. tion, -dish'un, n. Act of adding: thing added; in-
iOrat.) Gesticulation. (Law.) suit or process. A crease; augmentation. (Math.) The branch of anttu
Com.) A share in the stock of a company. (Paint. metic which treats of adding numbers. (Mus.) A.
tf Sculp.) The position of the several parts qf the dot beside a note showing that its sound >s to be

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare - end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6i
 ADDER i
ADMONISH
lengthened one half. (Law.) A title annexed to a Adjourn, ad-jSrn', v. t. [adjourned (-jgrnd'), -JOUBN-
man's name. —
Additional, a. Added more. — ing.] To put off to another time; to postpone; de-
Additionally, adv. —
Adden'dum, n. ; pi. Adden'-
;

fer; prorogue. —
v. i. To suspend business for a
da, -da. A thing to be added; an appendix. [L.] time to close the session of a public body. [F.
—
;

Adder, ad'der, n. A venomous serpent. [AS. astior.] ajourner, f r. jour, day. J Adjourn'ment, n. Act of
Addict, ad-dikf. v. U To apply habitually; to ac- adjourning postponement
; the interval during ;

custom; to devote. [L. ad and dicere, dictum, to which business is suspended.

say.] — Addict'edness, Addiction, -dik'shun, n. ADJUDGED (-jujdO,
Adjudge, ad-juj', v. t. [adjudged (-jUJdO, -JUDGING.]
Addle, ad'dl, a. Putrid; corrupt; producing nothing; To award or decree to sentence. [OF. ajuger. fr.
;

barren. —
v. t. To make addle, corrupt, or morbid. L. ad and judicare, to judge.] — Adjudgement, n.
[AS. adela, mud.] — Adjudicate, ad-joo'dl-kat. v. t. To try and de-
Address, ad-dres', v. t. [addressed (-dresf), -dress- termine; to adjudge. — Adjudication, n. Act of ad-
ing.] To prepare or make ready to direct words or ; judicating; sentence; judgment; decision.
discourse to; to apply to by speech, petition, etc.; to Adjunct. See under Adjoin.
direct in writing, as a letter; to woo. (Cow.) To Adjure, ad-joor', v. t. [adjured (-joord'), -juring.]
consign to another, as agent or factor. n. formal — A To charge, command, or entreat solemnly, as if
application, speech, discourse, etc. manner of speak- ; under oath. [L. ad and jurare,juratum, to swear.]
ing; skill; dexterity; tact; direction of a letter, or — Adjuration, n. Act of adjuring; the form of
the name, title, and residence of the person ad- oath. —
AdjUT'er, n. One who, etc.
dressed. In plu., attention in the way of courtship. Adjust, ad-jusf, v. t. To make exact or conforma-
[F. adresser, fr. L. dirigere, directum, to direct.] ble to fit, regulate, set right. [L. ad and justwi,
— —
;

Adduce, ad-dus', v. t. [adduced (-dust'), -ducing.J right.] Adjust'er, n. Adjustable, a. Adjust'- —

To bring forward, present, cite, quote. [L. ad and ment, n. Act of, etc.; arrangement; settlement.
ducere, ductum, to lead.] —
Addu'cent, Adduc'tive, Adjutant, ad'jothtant, n. A military officer who as-
a. Bringing forward or together. Adduc'tion, n. — sists the commanding offictr
Act of, etc. —
Adducible, -dus'T-bl, a. Capable of in issuing orders, keeping
being, etc. —
Adduc'tor, -ter, n. (Anat.) muscle A records, etc. ; a large species
which draws one part of the body toward another. of stork, found in India.
Adenology, ad-e-nol'o-jT, n. (Anat.) The doctrine of [L. ad and juvare, jutum,
the glands, their nature, and uses. [Gr. aden, gland, to help.] —
Ad'jutancy, n. Of-
—
and logos, discourse.] Adenog 'raphy n. treatise , A fice of an adjutant. Adju'- —
on the glands. [Gr. graphein, to write.] Adenof- — tor, -joc/ter, n. A
helper.—Ad-
omy, n. Dissection of, etc. [Gr. temnein, to cut.] — ju'trix, n. A
female helper.
Ad'enose, -nos, -nous, -nus, a. Gland-like. — — Ad'juvant, a. Helping.
Adeni'tis, n. Inflammation of the lymphatic glands. — n. An assistant. (Med.)
Adept, a-depf, a. Well-skilled; completely versed; A remedy.
proficient, —n. One who is adept in any art. [L. Admeasure, ad-mezh'dor, v. t.

adipisci, adeptum, to arrive at.] [admeasured (-mezh'6t)rd),

Adequate, ad'e-kwat, a. Equal, proportionate, or cor- -measuring.] To take the
respondent ; fully sufficient ; requisite. [L. adse- dimensions of; to apportion.
quare, adsequatum, to make equal to.] Ad'equate- — — Admeasurement, -6~or-
ly, adv. —Ad'equateness, Ad'equacy, -kwa-sl, n. ment, Admen'sura'tion, n.
Adfected. See Aefected, under Affect. Act or process of, etc.; di-
Adhere, ad-her', v. i. [adhered (-herd'), -hering.J mensions. —
Admeas'urer, Adjutant.
To stick fast or cleave; to become united; to be at- n. One who, etc.
tached or devoted, abide by. [L. ad and hserere, to Administer, ad-min'is-ter, v. t. [administered (-terd>
stick.]— Adher 'ence, Adher'ency, n. Quality or -tering.] To manage; to dispense; to give or tender.
state of adhering; steady attachment. Adherent, — (Law.) To settle, as an estate. — v. i. To contribute;
a. United with or to sticking.
; n. One who — to bring aid. (Law.) To perform the office of ad-
cleaves to or supports some person or cause; partisan; ministrator. [L. ad and ministrare, -tratum, to
follower. —
Adher'ently, adv. —
Adhesion, -he'- serve.] — Admin iste' rial, a. Pert, to admistration.
/

zhun, n. Act or state of sticking; the force with — Admin'istrable, a. Capable of being, etc. —Ad-
which distinct bodies adhere when their surfaces are ministration, n. The act of administering; the
brought in contact. —
Adhesive, -he'siv, a. Sticky executive partof the government; distribution; the
tenacious, as glutinous substances. Adhe'sively, — persons collectively intrusted with executing laws
adv. — Adhesiveness, n. Quality of adhering. and superintending public affairs. (Law.) .Manage-
(Phren.) The orean supposed to be the seat of a ment of the estate of one deceased. Admin'istra'- —
tendency to social or personal attachment. tive, -tiv, a. Administering. Admln'istra'tor, n. —
Adhortatory, ad-hOr'ta-to-rT, a. Containing counsel — Admin'istra'torship. n. Office of, etc. Admin'- —
or warning. [L. ad and hortari, to incite.] istra'trix, n. A woman who administers.
Adieu, a-dQ', adv. Good-by; farewell. n. fare- — A Admiral, ad'mi-ral, n. A
naval officer of the highest
well. [F. a JDieu, (I commit you) to God.] rank; the ship which carries him. Ar. amir-al-bdhr,
Adipose, ad'T-pos, Ad'ipous, -pu6, a. Pert, to, or commander of the sea.] Ad'miralship, n. Office — [

consisting of, animal fat fatty. ;[LL. adiposus, of, etc. —

Ad'miralty, n. The body of officers who
fr. adeps, fat.] —
Ad'ipocere, -ser, n. soft, unc- A manage naval affairs the building where they
tuous, waxy substance, into which animal flesh is transact business. —
Courts of admiralty.
;

Courts
changed by immersion in water or spirit, or by having cognizance of maritime questions.
burial in moist places. [L. adeps and cera, wax.] — Admire, ad-mlr', v. t. [admired (-mird'), -miring.]
Adipocerous, -pos'er-us, a. Of or pert, to, etc. — To regard with wonder or surprise, mingled with
Adipocerate.-pos'er-at, v. t. To convert into, etc. approbation, reverence, or affection; to estimate or
—
Adi pocera'tion, n. Ad'ipocer'iform, a. Having prize highly, v. i. —
To wonder; to marvel. [L.
the appearance of, etc. [L. forma, form.] ad and mirari, to wonder.] Admir'er, n. One —
Adit, ad'it, n. A
horizontal or inclined entrance into —
who admires; a lover. Ad'mirable, -mT-ra-bh. a.
a mine; a drift; passage; approach. [L. ad and ire, Worthy of admiration rare; excellent; surpassing.
—
;

Hum, to go.] Ad'mirably, adv. —

Ad'mira'tion, n. Wonder;
Adjacent, ad-ja'sent, a. Lying near to; contiguous, esp. wonder mingled with esteem, love, etc.
but not touching. [L. ad and jacere, to lie.]
— Ad- — Admit, ad-mit', v. t. To grant entrance to to receive ;

ja'cently, adv. Adja'cency, n. State of being, etc. as true; to concede, allow; to be capable of. [L. ad
Adjective, ad'jek-tiv, n. (Gram.) word used with A and mittere, missum, to allow to go. J Admittedly, —
a substantive, to describe, limit, or define it, or to adv. Confessedly.— Admiftance, n. Act of ad-
denote some property of it. [L. adjectinim, fr. ad mitting. (Law.) The giving possession of property.
^rid. jacere, to throw.] —
Ad'jectively, adv. Ad- — — Admis'sible, -sT-bl, a. Worthy of being admitted.
jectival, -ti'val or ad'jek-tiv-al, a. Pert, to, etc. — Admis'sibil'ity, n. Quality of, etc. Admis'sive, —
Adjoin, ad-join', v. t. [adjoined (-joind'), -joining.] -siv, a. Conceding. —Admission, -mish'un, n. Act
—
To join or unite to. v. i. To be contiguous, in of admitting; permission to enter; access; the grant-
contact, or very near. [L. ad and jungere,junctum, ing of a position not fully proved.
to ioin. J —Adjunct, ad'junkt, n. An appendage; a Admix ad-miks', v. t. To mingle with something else.
colleague. —
a. Added; united. —
Adjunct'ly, adv.
,

[I>. ad and miscere, mixtum, to mix,] Admixtion, —

— Adjunction, n. Act of joining; thing joined.— -miks'chun, n. A
mingling of bodies. —Admix'-
Adjunctive, -tiv, a. Joining ; tending to join. n. — ture, -ehot>r, n. A mixing; what is mixed.
—
One who, or that which, etc. Adjunc'tively, adv. Admonish, ad-mon'ish, v. t. [admonished (-isht),

sun, cube, full : moon, fo"ot ; oow. oil ; linger ar ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — J ; — ;

ADNASCENT 8 ADYTUM
-ishing.] To reprove gently: to counsel against advance-guard. [F. avancer, fr. avant, before, for-
wrong; to instruct, warn, advise. [L. ad and monere, ward, L. ante.] —
Advanced, -vansf, p. p. Pro-
to remind, fr. mens, mind.] Admon'isher, Ad- — gressive; imbued with novel ideas. —Advance 'ment,
monition, -nish'un, Gentle reproof; advice.—
n. n. Act or state of, etc.; improvement; promotion;
Admon'itive, -Y-tiv, -itory, a. Containing admoni- payment in advance. Advan'cer, n. A promoter. —
tion. — Admon'itively, adv. Admonitor, -ter, n.— — Advan'cive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc.
One who admonishes. Advantage, ad-van'tej, n. An v state, condition, etc.,
Adnascent, ad-nas'ent, a. Growing to or on some- favorable to some desired end; superiority of state,
thing else. [ii._adnasa, adnatus, to grow to or on.] or that which gives it; benefit; profit. —v. t. [ad-
— Ad'nate, -nat, a. (Bot.) Growing close to a stem. vantaged (-tajd), -taging.] To benefit, to pro-
Ado, a-doo r n. Bustle; trouble; labor; difficulty. [Pre-
, mote. [F. avantage, fr. avant.] Advan'tage- —
fix a, for to,_and do.] ground, n. Ground that gives advantage; vantage-
Adobe, a-do'ba, n. unburnt, An sun-dried brick. [Sp.] ground. —
Advantageous, -ta'jus, a. Being of, or
Adolescent, ad-o-les'ent, a. Growing; advancing furnishing, etc.; profitable; beneficial. — Advanta'-
from childhood to maturity. [L. ad and olescere, to geously, adv. —
Advanta'geousness, w.
—
grow.] Adoles'cence, -ens, -cency, -en-st, n. Youth; Advent, ad'vent, n. A coming; approach; esp. the
the years from 14 to 25 in men, and 12 to 21 in women. coming of Christ a season of devotion including
;

Adopt, a-dopf, v. t. To select and take as one's own four Sundays before Christmas. L. ad and venire, (

when not so before. [L. ad and optare, to choose. ventum, to come.] — Adventitious, -tish'us, a. Added
— Adopfer, n. One who adopts. (Chem.) re- A extrinsically; accidental; casual. (Bot.) Out of the
ceiver with two necks. —
Adoption, n. Act of, or usual place. —
Adventitiously, adv. Adventive, —
state of being, etc.; receiving as one's own what -tiv, a. Accidental adventitious. Adventual,
;
—
is not natural. (Theol.) Man's acceptance, through -chot>-al, a. Pert, to the season of Advent.
God's grace, on justification by faith. Adopfable, — Adventure, ad-ven'chdor, n. Hazard ; risk ; chance ;
a. Capable, or worthy, of being, etc. Adoptive, — an enterprise of hazard ; a remarkable occurrence;
-iv, a. Adopted; adopting. a thing sent to sea at the sender's risk. v. t. [ad- —
Adore, a-dor', v. t. [adored (a-dord'), adoring.] To ventured (-chot>rd), -Turing.] To put at hazard; to
worship with profound reverence; to love intensely. risk; to run the risk of attempting. — v. i. To try
[L. ad and orare, to pray, fr. os, oris, mouth.] — the chance to dare. ;[OF. aventure, fr. LL. adven-
Ador'er, n. A
worshiper; a lover. Ador'able, a. — tura, an adventure.] — Adven'turer, n. One who, etc.
Worthy of, etc. — Ador'ableness, n. — Ador'ably, —Adventuresome, -sum, a. Incurring hazard; bold.
adv.— Adoration, n. Worship paid to a divine being; — Adventurous, a. Inclined to adventure; daring;
homage to one in high esteem. attended with risk. — Adventurously, adv. — Ad-
Adorn, a-dora', v. t. [adorned (a-dOmd'). adorning.] ven'turousness, n.
To render beautiful; to decorate; embellish; set-off; Adverb, ad' verb, n. (Gram.) A word modifying the
ornament, f L. ad and ornare, to deck.] — Adorn'- sense of a verb, participle, adjective, or other adverb.
ment, n. Ornament; embellishment. [L. ad and verbum, word, verb.] — Adver'bial, a.
Adosculation, ad-os'ku-la'shun, n. (Bot.) The im- Relating to or like, etc. — Adver'bially, adv. — Ad-
pregnation of plants by farina falling on the pistil; ver'bialize, v. t. To give the force or form of, etc.
a species of ingrafting. (Physiol.) Impregnation Adverse, ad' vers, a. Acting in a contrary direction ;

by external contact, without intromission. [L. ad conflicting; unfortunate. [L. ad and vertere, versum,
and osculari, to kiss.] to turn.] —Ad'versely, adv. Ad'verseness, n. — —
Adown, a-down',prep. Down; toward the ground. — Adver'sity, n. An event or series of events attended
adv. Downward. with misfortune; affliction; distress. Ad'versary, —
Adrift, a-drift', a. or adv. Floating at random; at n. One who is opposed; antagonist; foe. a. Ad-
large. [Prefix a and drift.] verse ; antagonistic —
Adver'sative, -tiv, a. Not-
Adroit, a-droif, a. Possessing or exercising skill or ing opposition or antithesis between connected prop-
dexterity; ready in invention or execution; expert; ositions —
; applied to the conjunctions but, however,
clever, Fr. a droit, to the right.]
f Adroitly, adv. — iiet, etc. — n. An adversative word.
— Adroifness, n. Advert, ad-verf, v. i. To turn the mind or attention
Adry, a-dri/, a. Thirsty; in want of drink. to regard, observe. [L. ad and vertere, to turn.] —
Adscititious, ad'sl-tish'us, a. Taken as supplemental; Advertence, -tency, -ten-sT, n. Attention; consid-
additional. [L. adsciscere, to take knowingly.] eration. — Adver'tent, Attentive; heedful. a.
Adulation, ad-u-la'shun, n. Servile flatterv; syco- Advertise, ad-ver-tiz', v. t. or i. [advertised
phancy. L. adulari, to flatter.]
[ Ad'ula^tor, -ter,— (-tlzd r ), -tising.] To inform or apprise; to make
n. A servile flatterer. — Ad'ulatory, a. known through the press. [OF. advertir, fr. L.
Adult,' a-dult', a. Having arrived at mature years, ad and vertere.] —
Advertisement, -vSrtiz-ment,
or to full size and strength. n. — A
person or thing or -ver-tiz'ment, n. Information public notice
—
;

grown to maturity. _[L. adultus.] —Adult 'ness, n. through the press. Advertiser, -tiz'er, n.
Adulterate, a-dul'ter-at, v. t. To debase or make im- Advise, ad-viz'. v. t. [advised (-vizdO, -vising.] To
pure by admixture of baser materials; to contam- counsel; to give information to; to apprise; to ac-
inate; to corrupt, —a. Tainted with adultery; de- quaint, consult. v. i. —
To deliberate ; to weigh.
based. [L. adulterare, fr. ad and alter, other.] — well, or consider. [F. aviser. fr. L. ad and videre,
AduFteration, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. — visum, to see.] —
Advis'able, a. Fit to be advised;
Adulterant, -terator, n. One who, or that which, expedient. - - Advis'ably, adv. Advis 'ableness, n. —
etc. —Adultery, n. Violation of the marriage-bed. Fitness propriety. —
Advis'edly, adv. With full
(Script.) Violation of one's religious covenant.—
;

knowledge purposely. —
Advistdness, n. Deliber-
Adulterer, n. A
man guilty of adultery. Adul'- — ate consideration.
;

—
Advise'inent, n. Counsel; con-
teress, n. A —
woman, etc. Adulterine, -In or -in, sultation consideration. Advis'er, n. One who, —
a. Proceeding from adultery. n. —
child born in, A
;

etc.; a counselor. —
Advi'sory, a. Having power
etc. —Adulterous, a._ Pert, to, or guilty of, etc. to advise; containing advice. —Advice, ad-vis
r ». ,

Adumbrate, ad-um'brat, v. t. To shadow faintly An opinion offered, as worthy to be followed; sug-

forth; to typify. [L. adumbrare, fr. ad and umbra, gestion; information as to the state of affairs coun-
shade.]— Adum 'brant, a. Giving a faint shadow.
, — sel; intelligence.
;

Adumbration, n. Act of, etc.; a faint resemblance.
Aduncous, a-dun'kus, a. (Bot.) Crooked bent in
the form of a hook. [L. aduncus.] Aduncity, -dun'-
st-tt, n. Hookedness.
Adust, a-dusf, a. Burnt or scorched; hot and
[L. adustus.]
Advance, ad-vans', v. t. [advanced ^-vanst'), -van-
cing.] To bring forward to raise in rank to ac-
; ;
celerate the growth or progress of to help on to
offer or propose; to supply beforehand; to pay for
others, in expectation of re-imbursement. v. i. To
move forward; to improve; to rise in rank, etc. n.
Act of advancing; approach; improvement. (Com.)
Advocate, ad> vo-kat, n. One who pleads a cause; esp.
: one who pleads the cause of another before a tri-
— bunal. —
v. t. To plead in favor of; to maintain by-
argument; to defend, support, vindicate. [OF. ad-
fiery. vocat, an advocate, fr. L. ad and vocare, vocatum, to
call.]— Ad'vocacy, -ka-st, Advocation, n. Act of,
etc.; intercession.
Advowson, ad-vow'zun, n. (Eng. Law.) The right
; ; of presenting or nominating to a vacant benefice.
[OF. advouson. Law L. advocatio, fr. L. ad and
— vocare.] — Advowee, -vow-e', or Advow'er, n. One
— who presents, etc.
Adynamic, a/ dT-nam 'ik, a. (Med.) Of weak vital
/

Additional price or profit; a tender; an offer; a fur- powers; feeble. [Gr. a priv. and dunamis, power.]
nishing of something before an equivalent is re- Adytum, ad'I-tum, n. ; pi. Ad'yta, -ta. (Arch.) A
ceived; money or goods thus furnished. a. Be- secret apartment, esp. the place of the oracles in an-
fore in place or time;— used for advanced; as, an cient temples. [L.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, t§nn ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, or
 ADZ AFFRAY
Adz, Adze, adz. n. A carpcnter'6 tool for suming or pretending to possess, etc.; assumed arti-
chipping. [AS. adesa. ficially. (Alg.) Compounded; containing different
ff.dile.
'
Edile. e'dTl, officer in ancient
, re. An powers of the unknown quantity (written also Ad-
Rome who public buildings,
cared for fected).— Affect'edly. adv. In an affected manner.
streets, public [L. spectacles, etc. — Affecfedness, — Affecfer, — Affecting, p.
re. re.

sedilis, fr. secies, temple.] a. Having power to move the passions; pathetic.
ffigilops, ej'I-lops, re. An abscess in — Affect'ingly. adv. — Affec'tion, n. An attribute,
the corner of the eye. [Gr. aix, quality, or property, inseparable from its subject;
goat, and ops, eye.] inclination of the mind toward a particular object;
ffigia, e'jis, esp. Mi-
re. shield,A love; attachment. (Med.) Disease. Affedionate, —
nerva's shield anything that pro- a. Having or proceeding from, etc. ; tender; fond ;
tects. goat's skin, a
[Gr.
;

aig is, warm-hearted. — Affec'tionately, adv. Aflec'- —

shield covered with it.] < tioned, -shund, a. Inclined disposed ; affected.— ;

A;elian, e-o'lY-an, a. Pert, to ^olia Affective, -iv, a._ Affecting, or exciting emotion.
or AColis, in Asia Minor ; pert, to Affettuoso, af-fet-too-o'zo. (Mm.) direction to ren- A
ASolus, god of the winds; pert, to, *
QZ der notes soft or affecting.— adv. Tenderly. [It.]
or produced by, the wind. .ffiolian — Affiance, af-ffans, n. Plighted faith; marriage con-
attachment. A
contrivance for converting a piano- tract; trust; confidence. —
v. t. [affianced (-anst),
forte into a wind instrument. iEolian harp. A box — -ancing.] To betroth to pledge fidelity in mar-
;

on which are stretched strings, on which the wind riage, promise marriage to, give confidence to, trust.
produces musical notes. Alolic, e-ollk, a. Pert, to — [F. fiancer, to betroth, L. ad and fides, faith.] —
2E©lia. Affi'anoer, n. One who makes a marriage contract
ffion, Eon, e'on, re. A great, indefinite, or infinite, between parties. — Affi'ant, re. (Law.) One who
space of time. [Gr. aion, an age, eternity.] makes affidavit. — Affida'vit, n. (Law.) declara- A
Aerate, a'Sr-at, v. t. To impregnate or combine with tion, signed and made upon oath. [L., he made oath.]
carbonic acid gas; to supply with common air or with Affiliate, af-fil'Y-at, v. t. To adopt as a son, receive
oxygen; to change by exposure to fresh air. [L. and into fellowship ; to ally ; to receive into a society
Gr. aer, air.] —
Aera'tion, re. Act or process of, etc. as a member. (Law.) To assign an illegitimate
exposure of soil to the action of the air. Aerial, — child to the father. [L ad and films, son.]
. Affili- —
a-e'rf-al, a. Pert, to the air, or atmosphere; consist- able, a. Capable of being, etc. AffiTia'tion, n. —
ing of, inhabiting or frequenting, or existing in, the Adoption; association in the same family or society;
air high lofty. —
Aerification, a'e-r-i-fi-ka'shun, assignment of an illegitimate child to the father.
;

n. Act of aerifying.
;

A'eriform, a. Having the — Afflnage, affin-ej, n. A

refining of metals. [F.]
form of air, as gas. A'erify, -ft, v. t. To change— Affinity, af-fin'T-tt, n. Relationship by marriage;
into an aeriform state. —
Ae'robies, a'er-o-bez, re. pi. close agreement; conformity; connection. (Chem.)
Infusoria which require the presence of oxygen to That attraction which takes place, at an insensible
act as ferments. [Gr. bios, life.] A'erog'noBy, re. — distance, between particles, and forms compounds.
The science of the properties of air. [Gr. gnosis, (Spiritualism.) A person for whom one of the oppo-
knowledge.]— A'erogram, n. A message sent by site sex feels a passionate attachment. [L. ajfinitas,
wireless telegraphy. char- [Gr. gramma, a written f r. ad and finis, border.]
acter.] —
A'eroglaphy, re. description of the A Affirm af-fgrm", v. t. [affirmed (-fermd'), -firm-
air. [Gr. graphein, to write.] A'erolite, re. — A ing.] To confirm, establish, or ratify; to assert posi-
etone falling from, etc. meteoric stone. [Gr. lithos, ; tively, aver. — v. i. To declare positively. {Law.)
etoue.] —
A'erofogy, n. Science of the air and its To promise, before a magistrate or tribunal, to tell
phenomena. [Gr. logos, discourse.] A'eroman'cy, — the truth, under pain of perjury. [L. ad and firm-
n. Divination by the air, winds, etc. [Gr. manteia, are, fr. firmus, firm.] —
Affirm/able, a. Capable of
prophesying.] A'erora'eter, re. —
An instrument being, etc. — Affirm'' ance, re. Confirmation: ratifica-
for measuring the weight or density of gases. [Gr. tion.— Affirnfant, re. One who, etc. (Law.) One
metron, measure.] —
A'erom/etry, re. Art or science who affirms instead of taking oath. Affirma'tion, —
of ascertaining the mean bulk of gases. A'ero- — n. Act of, etc. that which is asserted ; ratifica-
;

naut', -nawt, n. An aerial navigator balloonist. tion. (Law.) Declaration by one conscientiously
[Gr. nautes, sailor.] A'eronautlc, a. Pert, to, — ;

unable to make oath.— Affirnfative, -tiv, a. Affirm-

etc. —
A'eronautlcs, n. Science or art of sailing in ing, — opp. to negative; confirmative; ratifying.—
a balloon. A'eronaut'ism, re. —The practice of. n. A word expressing assent; an affirmative propo-
etc. —
A'eropho'bia, -fo'bir-a, re. (Med.) Dread sition; that side of a question which affirms or
of a current of air. [Gr. phobos, fear.] A'ero- — maintains, — opp. to negative. Affirnfatively, adv.—
phyte7 -fit, re. A
plant deriving support from air. — Affirm/or, re.
—
,

[Gr. phuton, plant.] A'eroplane, n. A flying ma- Affix, af-fiks', v. t. [affixed (-fixf), -fixing.] To
chine, or a plane for experiments on flying, which add at the end; to attach or connect; to fix or fasten
floats in the air only when propelled through it. in any manner; to subjoin, annex. [L. ad and
— A'e'ros'copy, -os'ko-pT, re. Observation of the figere, fixum, to f asten.] — Affix, affiks, re. syl- A
atmosphere. [Gr. skopein, to look out.] Aero- — lable or letter joined to the end of a word; a suffix.
statics, re. Science of the equilibrium of elastic — Affixion, -fik'shun, re. Act of affixing; addition.
fluids, or of bodies sustained in them science of — Affixture, -fiks'chotir, n. That which is, etc.
—
;

aerial navigation. A'erostat'ic, a. Pert, to, etc. Afflatus, af-fla'tus,

re. A breath or blast of wind;
Aerie, elT or alt. re. The nest of an eagle or other communication of divine knowledge; the inspira-
bird of prey. _[F. aire, LL. area, nest of, etc.] tion of a poet. [L., fr. ad and flare, flatum, to
ffruginous, e-roo'jY-nus, a. Pert, to, or partaking of, breathe.] — Afflalion, re. breathing on. A
copper-rust. [L. serugo, copper-rust.J Afflict, af-flikt', v.
t. To strike down; to overthrow;
Esthetic, Esthetic, es-thetlk. a. Pert, to aesthetics. to give continued pain; to cause to suffer dejection,
— Aesthetics, n. sing. The theory or philosophy of grief, or distress; to trouble, harass. [L. ad and fij-
taste science of the beautiful in nature and art.
; gere,flictum, to strike.] —
Afflict'er, n. Afflicting, —
[Gr. aisthetikos, fr. aisthanesthai, to perceive.] a. Causing pain grievous distressing.
; Affliction,
; —
ffisthesiometer, es'the-st-om'e-ter, n. instrument An -flik'shun, re. Cause of continued pain, state of be-
to measure the degree of sensation in the skin. [Gr. ing afflicted; sorrow; adversity. Afflictive, -iv, a. —
aisthesis, sensation, and metron, measure.] Giving or causing, etc —
Affiictlvely, adv.
Etiology, elT-ol-o-jY, n. Science of the causes of phe- Affluent, affloo-ent, a. Wealthy; plentiful. re. — A
nomena. [Gr. aitia, cause, and logos, description.] stream flowing into a river or lake. [L. ad and fiuere,
Afar, a-far', adv. At a great distance; remote. fluxum, to flow.] —Affluence, -ens, -ency, n. Abund-
Affable, af'fa-bl, a. Ready to converse ; easy of ac- ance, esp. of riches opulence. Affluently, adv. —
cess courteous complaisant ; condescending. [L.
; : — ;

Afflux, affluks, Affluxion, -fluk'shun. re. Act of

ad and f'ari. to speak.] —Affably, adv.— Affabif -
. 1?^'
- Q
n j. ualit y of being, etc.; urbanity; civility.
Affair, af-far'. n. Business ot anv kind esp. public
business. (Mil.) An engagement of troops.
affaire, L. ad andfacere, to make, do.]
Affect, af-iekf, v. t. To act upon ; to produce a
change in to influence, aim at, desire, imitate, put
; foresta'tion, n. Act or process of, etc.
on a pretense of. [L. afficere, affectum, fr. ad and
facere.] —
Affecta'tion, re. Assumption of what is
not natural ; false pretense. Affecfed. p. a. As-
flowing to; that which flows to.
Afford, af-ford', v. t. To yield or produce; to give,
; grant, sell, or expend, with profit or without loss;
[F. to impart ; confer. [F. aff'orer, to set a price on, fr.
L. ad and forum, market-place, court.]
Afforest, af-for'est, v. t. To turn into forest. Af- —
Affray, af-fra', re. {Law.) Fighting in a public
lace, causing fear; a tumultuous assault : quarrel;
— E
rawl. [F. effrayer, to terrify, L. fragor, a crash.]

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, lien, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; ;

AFFREIGHT 10 AGGRESS
Affreight, af-frat', v. t. To hire, as a ship, to trans- visible organs of fructification. [Or. a priv. and
port goods or freight. —
Affreignt'ment, n. The en- gamos, marriage.]
gagement or chartering, etc. Agape, ag'a-pT, n. : pi. Ag'ap^e, -a-pe. A love-feast,
Affright, af-frlt', v . t. To impress with sudden fear; or feast of charity, among the primitive Christians.
to appall, shock, alarm, n. Sudden and great fear; [Gr., fr. agapan, to love.]
terror. [AS. qfyrhtan.] —
Affright'edly, adv. Agape, a-gap', adv. Gaping, as with wonder. [Prefix
Affront, af-frunt', it. Any reproachful or contemptu- a and gape.']
ous action; offense. —
v. t. To offend by manifest- Agaric, ag'a-rik, n. (Bot.) A family of fungi, includ-
ing disrespect ; to insult, provoke, outrage. [F. af- ing musnrooms; an excrescence growing on the trunk
fronter, fr. L. ad and frons, frontis, forehead, front.] of trees, used for tinder, in dyeing, and in medicine;
— Affront'er, n. —
Affrontlve. -iv, a. Abusive, in- touchwood. Agaric mineral. — deposit of carbon- A
suiting. —
Affront /ingly, adv. ate of lime. [Gr. agarikon.]
"
fuz', v. t. To pour out; to sprinkle Agate, ag'et, n. A
precious stone, variety of quartz.
fundere, fusum, to pour.] —
Affusion, -fu'- (Print.) A kind of type, larger than pearl and small-
zhun, n. Act of, etc., as in baptism. (Med.) Pour- er than nonpareil; —in England called ruby. [Gr.
ing water on the body, as a remedy in disease. achates, fr. the river Achates.^
Afield, a-feld', adv. To, in, or on the field out of the
flgP"Thi8 line is printed
;

way. in the type called agate.

Afire, a-flr', a. or adv. On fire.
Aflame, a-flain', adv. In flames; glowing with light. Agatine, -tin, a. Pert, to
Afloat, a-flot', adv. In a floating state; passing from or resembling, agate.— Ag'-
place to place; unfixed; without guide or control. atize, -Hz, v. t. [agatized
Afoot, a-fcSot', adv. On foot: in action; in a condition (-tlzd), -tizing.] To con-
for action. vert into, etc. Ag'aty, -tT, —
—
Afore, a-for', adv. or prep. Before.
a. Going before; foregoing; previous.
—
—
Afore'going,
hand, adv.
-mentioned, -shund, adv.
a. Of the nature of, etc.
Agave, a-ga've, n. genus
of plants ; the American
A
Beforehand; before.

—
Spoken of or flamed before.
Premeditated.
—
thought, -thawt, a.
time, adv. In time past; of old.
aloe, or century plant, from
the juice of wnich the liq-
Afoul, a-fowl', a. or adv. Not free; entangled. uor pulque is made, [i.,
Afraid, a-frad', a. Struck with fear or apprehen- fr.Gr. agauos, noble.]
sion; timid, [p. p. of obs. affray, to frighten.] Age, aj, n. Whole duration
Afresh, a-fresh', adv. Anew; over again. of a being; the part of one's
Africander, af-rY-kan'dSr, n. One born in Africa, but life.previous to a given time
not of African descent. the latter part of life; legal
Afrit, af-rit', Afrite, -ret', Afreet', n. (Moham. Myth.) maturity a particular pe- ;

A powerful evil jinnee or demon. riod of time in history; the Agaver

Afront, a-frunt', adv. In front. people of a particular period; hence, a generation; a
Aft, aft, adv. or a. (Naut.) Astern, or toward the century era.— v. i. To grow old to show marks of age.
stern abaft.
; — Fore and aft. From one end of the
;

[F. age, OF. aage, edage, L. setas.~\ Aged, a'jed, a.

;

—
vessel to the other. [AS. aeftJ] Advanced in age old ancient. n. pi. Old persons.
; ; —
After, aft'er, prep. Behind in place; later in time; — Agedly, a'jed-lt, adv. Like an aged person.
moving toward from behind; in pursuit of; in im- Agendum, a-jen'dum, n. ; pi. Agen'da, -da. Some-
itation of; according to the influence of; in relation thing to be done; a memorandum-book a ritual or
to. — adv. Subsequently. a. —
Later; subsequent. liturgy. [L.]
;

(Nattt.) More aft, or toward the stern. [The adjec- Agent, a'jent, A
person or thing that acts or has
n.
tive after is often combined with a following noun, power to act one intrusted with the business of an-
;

forming compounds, but retaining its signification. other a substitute a deputy a factor an active
; ; ; ;

Some of the following words are of this kind; but power or cause. [L. agens, agentis. fr. agere, to do.]
in some after seems rather to be a separate word.] — A'gentship, n. The office of an agent; agency. —
[AS. pefter.] — Aft'ermost, -most, a. Hindmost.— A'gency, a'jen-sT, etc. ; instru-
n. Quality or state of,
Aft'erward, -wards, -wurdz, adv. In later or suc- mentality; office or duties of, etc.; bureau of, etc.
ceeding time subsequently.
; —
Aft'er-birth, -berth, Agglomerate, ag-glom'er-at, v. t. wind into a To
n. The placenta, cord, and membranes inclosing ball to gather into a mass. — j;. t. To collect into a
the fetus, which come away after delivery. clap, ball.
;

[L. ad and glomerare, f r. glomus, ball.] — Ag-

n. An unexpected subsequent event.
A second crop. — crop, n.
damp, n. Choke-damp; carbonic
acid gas following the explosion of fire-damp in
glom'era'tkm, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
Agglutinate, ag-glu'tt-nat, v. t. To glue or cause to
adhere to unite by causing adhesion. [L. ad and
mines. —
glow, n.
times following sunset.
A
—
kind of second twilight, some-
math, n. A second crop
;

glutinare, fr. gluten, glue.] Agglu'tina'tion, n.

Act of uniting, or state of being united. (Lang.)
—
of grass in the same year; rowen.
from noon to evening.
—
noon', n. Time
pains, n. pi. Pains after
Union of several words in one compound vocable.
Agglu'tina'tive, -tiv, a. Tending to unite. Agglu'- —
—
— A
delivery, caused by the after-birth, or by clots.
-piece, n. A piece performed after a play.
(yaut.) The sails on the mizzen mast and
sails, — tinant, a. Uniting.— n. viscous adhesive substance.
Aggrandize, ag'gran-diz, v. t. [aggrandized (-dlzd),
-dizing.] To enlarge; to make great or greater in
n. pi.
its stays. — state, n. The future life. thought,
-thawt, n. Something thought of after an act; later
power, rank, honor, etc. to augment ; exalt in-
crease. [L. ad and grandis, great.] Aggrandize-
;

—
;

thought or expedient. ment, -gran'diz-ment, n. Act of, or state of being,

Aga, a'ga, n. A Turkish commander or chief officer. etc. —
Ag'grandi'zer, n. One who, etc.
[Per. ak, aka, lord.] Aggravate, ag'gra-vat, v. t. To make worse, more
Again, a-gen', adv. Another time; once more; in re- severe, more enormous; to enhance; to give an ex-
turn; back. —Again and again. Often; repeatedly. aggerated representation of; to provoke or irritate;
[AS. ongegn.]—Against, to tease. [L. ad and gravis, heavy. 1 Aggravation, —
a-genst', prep. Abreast -va'shun, n. Act of, or that which, etc. exagger- ;

of apposite to in op-
; ; ated representation; provocation irritation. ;

position to; in prepara- Aggregate, ag'gre-gat, v. t. To bring together to ;

tion for. collect into a sum or mass to accumulate, pile.

— a.
;

Agalaxy, ag-a-laks'T, n. parts collected. (Law.) United

Formed by
(Med.) Failure to se- in one body corporate. n. An assemblage of par- —
crete milk after child- ticulars; sum total lump. [L. ad and grex, gregis,
;

birth. [Gr. apriv. and flock.] —

Ag'gregately, adv. Aggregation, n. Act —
gala, galaktos, milk.] of, or state of being, etc. Ag'gregative, -tiv, a. —
Agama, ag'a-ma, n. A Causing aggregation collective. Ag'grega'tively, ;
—
vegetable-eating lizard adv. —
Ag'gregator, -t5r, n. One who, etc.
of Guinea. [Native Aggress, ag-gres', v. t. [aggressed (-gresf), -gress-
name.] ino.] To make a first attack to begin a quarrel. —
Agamic, a-gam'ik, a. n. Attack. [L. ad and gredi, gressum, to step.]
;
—
Produced by the fe- Aggres'sion, -gresh'un, n. First attack act lead- ;

male without the male. ing to controversy; invasion; encroachment. Ag- —

— Agamous, ag'a-mus, gres'sive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc. Aggres'sively, —
a. (Bot.) Having no
Agama aculeata. adv. —
Aggres'siveness, n. Aggrei'sor, -s5r, n. —
am. fame, far, pass or operA, fare ; 6nd, ire, tgrm ; tn. Ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 AGGRIEVE 11 AIR
Aggrieve, ag-grev', v. t. [aggrieved (-grevd'). -griev- Agree 'able, Suitable; in pursuance or accord-
a.
ing.] To give pain to to afflict to oppress or in- ance pleasing ready to agree. Agree'abillty, —
jure to harrass. [L. ad and gravis, heavy.] Ag-
; ;

—
; ;

Agree'ableness, n. Quality of being, etc. Agree'- —

;

griev'ance, n. Injury; grievance. ably, adv. —

Agree'ment, n. state of, etc. ( Oram.) A
Aggroup, ag-groop', v. t. To bring together, group. Concord of one word with another in gender, num-
Aghast, a-gasf, a. or adv. Struck with amazement; ber, etc. (Law.) Union of minds in a thing done or
stupefied with sudden fright or horror. [AS. gses- to be done a bargain, compact, or contract.
;

tan, to terrify.] ,
Agrestic, a-gres'tik, -tieal, a. Pert, to the fields; un-
Agile, aj'il, a. Quick of motion; nimble; lively; polished; rustic. [L. agrestis,ir. ager, field.]
brisk. [L. agUis. fr. agere, to act.] Ag'ileneas, — Agriculture, ag'rT-kul-cho"or, n. The art or science of
Agility. a-jil'T-tT, n. Quality of being, etc. cultivating the ground; tillage; husbandry. Ag- —
Agio, a 'jT-o, n. ; pi. A'gios, -oz. (Com.) Difference ricultural, a. —
Agriculturist, n. One skilled in,
in value between metallic and paper money, or be- etc. [L. ager, field, and cultura, cultivation.]
tween different coinages premium ; sum given ; Agrimony, ag'rl-mo-ni, n>. wild plant having yel- A
above the nominal value. [It. aggio, agio, exchange, low flowers. [LL. agrimonia.]
diseount.J —
A'giotage, n. Maneuvers of specula- Agrin, a-grin', adv. In the act of grinning.
tors to raise or depress the funds; stock-jobbing. Agriology, ag-ri-eKo-ji, n. The comparative study of
Agiat, a-jist /\ v. i. To take another's cattle to graze. human customs, esp. of men in their natural state.
[OF. gtste. place to lie down in, fr. L. jacere, to —Agriol'ogist, n. A
student of, etc. [Gr. agrios,
lie.]— Agistment, n. (Law.) Taking and feeding wild, fr. agros, field, and logos, discourse.]
of other s cattle price paid for such feeding. Agrostis, a-groslis, n. (Bot.) genus of grasses; A
—
;

Agitate, aj'T-tat, v. t. To move with a violent irreg- bent-grass; red-top. [Gr. agrostis, grass.] Ag'ros-
ular action to shake to disturb or exeite to dis-
; ; ; toglaphy, Ag'rostorogy, n. description of the A
cuss earnestly to consider on all sides; to revolve,
; grasses; that part of botany relating to the grasses.
debate. [L. agitare, to put in motion.]— Agite/tien, [Gr. graphein, to write; logos, discourse.]
n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; perturbation of Aground, a-grownd', adv. On the ground; stranded.
mind ; discussion. —
Agito/tive, -tiv, a. Having Agrypnia. a-grip'nT-a, n. (Med.) Sleeplessness. --
power or tendency to, etc. Agita'tor, -tSr, n. — Agrypnotlc, a. Preventing sleep. n. Anything —
Aglow, a-glo', adv. Hot; bright with warmth; glowing. whicn, etc [Gr. agrupnos, sleepless.J
Aglutition, ag-lu-tish , un, n. (Pathol.) Inability to Ague, a'gu, n. Chilliness; an intermittent fever, at-
swallow. [Gr. a priv. and L. glutire, glutitum, to tended by alternate cold and hot fits. — A'guish, a,
swallow.] [F. aigu, sharp, L. acutus.]
Agnail, agonal, n. Inflammation round a nail; a whit- Agynous, ajl-nus, a. (Bot.) Having fecundating,
low. [AS. angnsegl, f r. ange, compressed, nsegl, nail.] but not fruit-bearing, organs; male. [Gr. a priv. and
Agnate, ag'nat, a. (Law.) Related on the father's gune, woman.]
side. —
n. A
male relation by the father's side. [F. Ah, An exclamation, expressive of surprise,
a, interj.
agnat, fr. L. ad and nasci, natuni, to be born.] — contempt, joy, pain. etc.
pity, [F., L.] Aha, —
Agna'tion, n. Descent in the male line. Agna'tie, — a-ha', interj. An exclamation expressing triumph,
a. Pert, to, etc. contempt, or simple surprise.
Agnomen, ag-no'men, a. A name added, among the Ahead, a-hed', adv. Farther forward; onward.
Romans, in celebration of 6ome exploit. [L.] Ahoy, a-hoi', interj. A sailor's call to attract attention.
Agnottlc, ag-nos'tik, a. Professing ignorance in- ; Ahull, a-hul', adv. "With the sails furled, and the
volving no dogmatic assertion leaving undeter- ; helm lashed on the lee side.
mined. n. —
One who, etc. [Gr. a. priv. and gnos- Ai, a'e, n. The three-toed sloth, named from its cry.
tikos, knowing, fr. gignoskein, to know.]— Agnos- Aid, ad. v. t. To support, by furnishing means to
ticism, n. The condition of neither affirming nor effect a purpose or prevent evil to assist, succor, ;

denying, on the score of ignorance. (Theol.) The befriend, —n. Help; the person or thing that aids;
doctrine that the existence of a personal Deity can be an aid-de-camp. [F. aider, fr. L,. adjvtare, to
neither asserted nor denied, proved nor disproved, help.] —
Aid'ance, n. Assistance; help. Aid-de- —
because of the limits of the human mind, or of the camp, ad'de-kaN, n. ; pi. Aids-de-camp, adz-. (Mil.)
insufficiencv of evidence, opp. to atheism and to — One who assists a general officer in his military
theism; also, the belief of a Christian sect of the dutt^ [F.] —
Aid'er, n. —
Aid'ful. -ful, a.
third centurv, that God did not know all things. Aigret, a'gret, Aigrette'', n. The small white heron;
v
Agnus Dei, ag nus del (Bom. Cath. Church.) A the egret; a tuft, as of feathers, diamonds, etc.
cake of wax bearing (Bot.) The feathery down of a thistle. [F.]
the figure of a lamb ; Aiguille, a'gweel, n. A
sharp rock or mountain top.
also a prayer begin- [F., a needle, fr. L. acicula, dim. of acus.]
ning with these words. Ail, al, v. t. [ailed (aid), ailing.] To affect with
[L., lamb of God.] pain, physical or mental; to trouble, —v. i. To
Ago, a-go', adv. or a. feel pain; to be troubled. Ail, Ail'ment, n. Slight —
Past; gone. [AS. disease; indisposition; pain. [AS. eglan, to paini]
agan, to pass away.] Ailantus, a-lanlus, n. A
genus of trees, native of
Agog, a-gog', a. or "adv. India and China; — commonly,
but improperly,
Highly excited by spelt ailanthiis. [Malay, ailanto, 1. e., tree of heaven.]
eagerness after an o re- Ailurua, a-lu'rus, n. The panda, a carnivorous quad-
ject. [W. g og, activity, ruped of India, similar to the raccoon. [Gr. ailouros,
fr. gogi, to agitate.] a cat.]
Agoing, a-go'ing, p. pr. Aim, am, v. i. [aimed (amd), aiming.] To point with
In motion going ; a missive weapon to direct the intention or pur-
:

ready to go.
;

pose. v. t.— To direct or point, as a weapon; to di-

Agony, ag'o-nY, n. Pain rect to a particular object, n. The pointing or —
that causes writhing Agnus Dei. directing to an object, with a view to hit or affect
or contortions of the body, like those in athletic con- it; the point to be hit, or affected; intention; direc-
tests anguish: pang. [Gr. agonia, causing writhing,
: tion end; endeavor. Aimless, a. —
Aimlessly, —
fr. agon, contest.] —
Ag'onist, n. One who con-
;

adv. [OF. sesmer, fr. L. sestimare, to estimate.]

tends for theorize in public games. Ag'onism, — Air, ar, n. The fluid we breathe; the atmosphere; a
-nizm, n. Contention for, etc.— Agonistic, -ical. a. as, fixed air; a light breeze; look or mien.
Relating to prize-fighting, or to bodilv or mental fas,
Mus.) A
melody or tune. n. pi. An affected, vain —
contest —
Ag'onize, v. i. [agonized" (-nlzd), -ni- manner. —
v. t. [aired (ard), airing.] To expose
zing.] To writhe with agony; to suffer anguish. — to the air to ventilate. [F., fr. L. and Gr. aer.]
;
—
v. t. To distress: to torture. Ag'onizingly. adv. — Airing, n. Exposure to air; an excursion in the
Agrarian, a-gra'rT-an, a. Relating or tending to open air. —Airy, arl, a. Pert, to, made of, or re-
equal division of lands. (Bot.) Growing wild. —n. sembling air; high in air; exposed to the air; un-
One who favors equal division of property [L. substantial: frivolous; lively. (Paint.) Having the
agrarim, fr. ager, afield.] Agra'rianiam, n". Equal — light and aerial tints true to nature. Airily, adv. —
division, etc. ; the principles ot agrarians. In an airy manner; gayiy.— Airiness, n. Openness
Agree, a-gre', v. i. [agreed (-gred"), agreeing.] to the air; levity; gayety.— Air 'bath, n. An ar-
To harmonize in opinion, statement, or action to
yield assent, come to terms, resemble. (Gram.) To
correspond in gender, number, case, or person. [F.
;

sired temperature.
flated, and used as a bed.
—
rangement for drying substances in air of any de-
bed, n. An air-tight bag, in-
bladder, n. An organ
agrier, fr. gri, good- will; L. gratve, pleasing.] — in fishes, containing air, by which their buoyancy

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 AISLE 12 ALE
is regulated. brake, n. (Mach.) contrivance A Albata, al-ba'ta, n. German
silver, an alloy of cop-
for stopping' the motion of car-wheels by the use of per, zinc (or tin), and nickel.
compressed air. brick; n. An iron box of the Albeit, awl-be'it, conj. Although; be so; notwith-
size of a brick, built into walls for ventilation. — standing.
it

-cells, n. pi. Cavities for air in the leaves, stems, etc., Albelen, aKbe-len, n. A fish of the trout species.
of plants minute bronchial cells, in animals ; air- Albertype, aKber-tlp, n. A picture printed from »
sacs. — ;

drain, n.
ing, to prevent dampness.— -gun, n.
A
space round the walls of a build-
gun discharged A
gelatine plate prepared by means of a photographic
negative. [From Albert, of Munich, the inventor.]
by the elastic force of air. -hole, n. An opening — Albescent, al-bes'ent, a. Becoming white whitish.
for air: a hole produced by a bubble of air.
n. A plant apparently nourished by
plant,
air only; an
— [L. albescere, to grow white.]
act of becoming, etc.
—
Albes'cence, n. The
;

epiphyte. poise, -poiz, n. Albicore, aKbT-kor, n. A

sea fish of the tunny or
An instrument foT ascer- mackerel kind. [F.J
taining the weight of the Albification, aPbl-l'T-ka'shun, n. Act of whitening, or
air -pump, n. A ma- making white. [L. albas, white, and facere, to
make.]
chine for exhausting the air
from vessels.
Receptacles for air in the
— sacs, n.pl. Albigenses, al'bi-jen'sez, n. pi A party of reformers,
who separated from the church of Rome in the
bodies of birds, which com- 12th century; —
so called from AM, in Languedoc.
municate with the lungs, Albino, al-bi r no, n. ; pi. Albi'nos. A person or ani-
and render the body spe- Air-pump. mal having preternatural whiteness of skin, flaxen
A hair, and pink iris. [L. albus.] —
cifically lighter.
mine.
A ventilating
shaft, n. passage for air into a
tight, a. Impermeable to air. trunk, n.
shaft, opened from the ceiling to the
— Albinism, aKbi-
nizm, n. State or condition of etc. (Bot.)
condition of the leaves and other parts of plant*.
whitish
. A —
root. vessels, n. Vessels in plants or animals, Albinis'tic, Albinofic, a.- Affected with albinism.
which convey air. Albion, al'bT-un, n. A poetic name of England,—
Aisle, II, n. (Arch.) The wing of a building; a lateral from its white chalk cliffs. [L. albus.)
division of a church, separated from the nave by Albolith, aKbo-lith, n. A kind of artificial stone.
piers; a passage in a church, etc, into which pews or Albora, a.l-bo'ra, n. A
kind of itch or leprosy.
scats open. —
Aisled, ild, a. Having aisles. [F., Albugineous, al-bu-jin'T-us, a. Pertaining to the white
a,wing, fr. L. ala.] of an egg, and hence to the white of the eye.
Ait. at, Eyot, i'ot, n. A small island. [Icel. ey, islanu.] Album, aKbum. n. A blank book, for the insertion of
Aitiology, i-tT-ol'o-jT, n. The doctrine of efficient, as autographs, photographs, literary memorials, etc.
opposed to final, causes. [Gr. aitia, a cause.] [L., a white tablet, fr. albus.]
Ajar, a-jar', adv. Partly open, as a door. [AS. an Albumen, al-bu'men, n. (Rot.) Nourishing matter
cyrre, on the turn.] found in seeds. (I'hysiol.) A substance existing
Akee, a-ke', n. A tree of Guinea, transplanted to the nearly pure in the white of egg, and its chief com-
West Indies and South America; its fruit. ponent. [L., fr. albus.] —
Albu'inenize, -Iz, v. t.
Akimbo, a-kim'bo, a. With elbow bent outward. [W. (Photog.) To cover or impregnate with, etc. —
cam, crooked, and E. bow.] Albumin'iform, o. Formed like, or resembling, etc.
Akin, a-kin', a. Related by blood; allied by nature. — Albu minim 'eter,
/ /
n. An instrument to ascertain
Alabaster, aKa-bas-ter, n. (Min.) A compact variety the quantity ofalbumen in a liquid. Albu'minum, —
(if sulphate of lime, or gypsum, of fine texture. a. — n. (Chem.) Substance of cells inclosing the white
Pert, to, or resembling, etc. [Gr. alabastron.] of eggs. —
Albu'minoid, n. pi. A substance resem-
Alack, a-lak', Alackaday, a-lak'a-da, interj. Excla- bling albumen; a proteid. —
Albu'minous, a. Pert,
mations expressive of sorrow. to, etc.
Alacrity, a-lak'rT-tT, n. Cheerful readiness: ardor; Alburnum, al-ber'num, n. The white and softer part
live'jivess; promptitude. [L. alacritas, fr. alacer, al- of wood next to the bark; sap-wood. [L., fr. albus.]
acris, lively. ]— Alac'rify, -rt-fl, ?>. t. To make lively. Alcahest, Alkahest, aKka-hest, n. A pretended uni-
Alamode, al-a-mod', adv. According to the mode or versal solvent or menstruum of the alchemists.
fashion. —
n. A
thin, glossy, black silk. [F.] Alcaid, al-kad', n. In Spain, the governor of a castle,
Alantine, a-lan'tin, n. A
starchy substance; inuline. fort, or the like; a jailer or warden.
Alarm, a-larm', w. A summons to arms; a notice of Alcalde, al-kaKde, n. In Spain, a magistrate or judjre.
approaching danger; surprise with fear or terror; ap- Alcedo, al-se'do, n. A perching bird; kingfisher. [L.]
prehension ; a mechanical contrivance for awaking Alchemy, al'ke-ml, n. Occult chemistry: an ancient
persons from sleep. — r. t. [alarmed (a-larmd /'), science which aimed to transmute base metals into
alarming.] To call to arms for defense; to fill with gold, find the universal medicine, etc. [Ar. al-kimid,
apprehension to disturb. — Alarmingly, adv. — Gr. chemeia, fr. cheein, to pour.] Alchemic, -ical, —
Alarm'ist, n.
;

One who intentionally excites alarm. a. Relating to alchemy. —

Alchem'ically, adv. —
[F. alartne, fr. It. all' arme, to arms!]— Alarm'-bell, Al'chemist, n. One versed in, etc. Alchemist'- —
n. A
bell that gives notice of danger. -clock, — ical, a.
«. Aclock made to ring at a particular hour. — Alcohol, aKko-hol, n. Pure or highly rectified spirits;
-gauge, -gaj, n. A
contrivance applied to boilers to ardent spirits in general. [Ar. al-kahdl or at-kohl,
show when the steam is too strong or water too low. kahnl, fine powder of antimony. The meaning has
post, n. A place to which troops repair in case of -been extended from "fine powder" to "rectified
alarm. watch, n. A watch that can be set to spirit."] —
Al'coholate, -at, n. salt containing, A
strike at a particular hour. —Alarum, a-la/rum, n. etc. — Alcoholic, a. Pert, to, etc. Al'coholism, —
Same as Alarm; —applied to a contrivance attached n. (Med.) A diseased condition of the system,
to a clock for calling attention. from continued use of alcoholic liquors. Al'co- —
Alary, aKa-rY, a. Wing-like. [L. ala, a wing. ] — holize, v. t. To convert into alcohol. Alcoholo- —
Alate, a'lat, A'lated, a. Winged; having expan- meter, Al / coholom 'eter, n. An instrument for de-
,

sions like wings. termining the strength of spirits.

Alas, a-las', interj. An exclamation expressive of sor- Alcoran. See Koran.
row, pity, concern, Alcove, al'kov or al-kov r n. recess, or part of a
, A
or apprehension of room, separated from the rest by a partition. [F.,
evil. [F. hdlas, L. fr. Ar. al-qobbah, tent, vault.]
ah! and I ass us, Aldehyde, al'de-hid, n. A volatile liquid produced
weary.] by the oxidation of alcohol. [From al(cohol), L. de,
Alb, alb, n. Ai, ec- IfiiiHfet. from, and hyd(rogen), i. e., alcohol from which
clesiasticalvest- hydrogen has been taken.]
ment of white lin- ~™- &fe Alder, awl'der, n. A tree or shrub of several varieties.
en.— Alb -Sunday,
n. Low-Sunday, the ^$Sp
^^ LAS. air, L. alnus.]
Alderman, awl'der-man, n. ; pi.Al'dermen. A mag-
first Sunday "after ^jf?" istrate or officer of a city or town corporation. Ah. _[

Easter, when per- «=lfi== ealdorttmn,fr. ealdor, an elder. — Alderman 1c, «.

sons newly bap- — AV dormancy, Aldermanship, n. Office of alder-
tized wore albs in man. ;'
church. [L. albus, ,,,.„„„
Albatross.
Ale, al n.
, A liquor made from malt by fermentation
white.] an English country festival, so called from the liquor
Albatross, al'ba-tros, n. A very large web-footed sea- —
drunk. [AS. ealu.] Ale -Conner, -kon'ner, n. An
bird of the Southern Ocean. [Pg. alcatraz.] inspector of ale-house measures. hoof, -hot>f, n.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare- £nd- eve. terno .•

in. Ice: Bdd, tone, or;
 ALEE IS
Ground-ivy, formerly used in making ale, instead of Alight, a-lif, v. i. To get down or descend, as from
hops. — -house, n. A place where on horseoack; to dismount; to fall or descend, and
ale is retailed. — -wife, n. A settle, or lodge. [AS. Khtan, gelihtan.)
woman who keeps an ale-house. Alight, a-lit r a. Lighted; burning.
,

Alee, a-le', adv. (Naut.) On the Align, a-lln', v. t. [aligned (-lTnd')< aligning.] To
side opposite to the side on which adjust or form by a line, as troops. v. i. —
To form
the wind strikes, [a, on, and lee, inline. v. t. (Engin.) To layout the ground-plan,
fr. AS. hied, shelter.] as of a road. [L. ad and linea, line.] —
Align'ment,
Alembic, a-lem'bik, n. A chemi- n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; line of adjustment.
cal vessel, formerly used in dis- (Engin.) Ground-plan of a road. [F. aligivement .\
tillation. [Ar. alanbiq, a still, fr. Alike, a-lTk', a. Having resemblance; similar; with-
(Jr. anibix, cup, eup of a still.] out difference. —
adv. [AS. onlic, antic]
Alert, a-lert', a. Watchful vigi- Aliment, al'T-ment, n. That which ieeds or supports;
moving with celerity.
Alembic.
;

— food; support: nutriment. [L. alimentum, fr. alere,

lant ;

Upon the alert. Upon the watcli Alertly, adv. to feed.] —

Aliment'al, -ary, o. Pert, to, etc. —
— Alert'ness, n. Briskness; watchfulness; prompt- AFimentalion, n. Act or power of affording, etc.;
—
itude; nimbleness. [It. all', on the, and erta, erect.] state of being, etc. Alimentlveness, ». (Pkren.)
Alethiology, al'e-thi-ol'c-ji, n. The science of truth The organ of appetite for food or drink. [See
and evidence. [Gr. aletheia, truth, and logos, dis- Phre-nology.]
course.] Alimony, al'T-mo-ni, n. An allowance made to a
Alethoacope, a-leth'o-skop, n. An instrument for wife out of the estate of a husband from whom she
viewing pictures by means of a lens, so as to present is separated. [L. alimonia, fr. alere.] Alimo'- —
them in their natural proportions. [Gr. alethes, nious, -nt-us, a. Affording food; nourishing.
true, and skopein, to view.] Aliped, al'Y-ped, a. Wing-footed. n. —
An animal
Alewife, al'wif, n. ; pi. AleIyives, -wTvz. An Ameri- having toes connected by membranes serving as
can tish resembling a herring. [Ind. aloof.) wings, as the bat. [L. ala and pes, pedis, foot.
Alexandrine, aKegz-aii'drin, n. verse of twelve syl- A Aliquant, al'Y-kwant, a. Not dividing another num-
lables, or six iambic feet; —
so called from a French ber without a remainder. [L. aliquantus. some,
poem on the life of Alexander. moderate, from alius, other, and quantus, how great.]
Alexipharmic, a-leks'T-far'niik, a. That expels or Aliquot, aKt-kwot, a. Dividing exactly, or without
resists poison; antidotal. [Gr. alexein, to keep off, remainder. [L. aliquot, some, several, aliquoties,
and pharmakon, drug, poison.] Alexiterlc, -ical, — several times.]
-tgr'T-kal, a. Resisting poison. Alive, a-livl a. Having life; not dead; susceptible.
Alfalfa, al-f all a, n. A
perennial plant, allied to clover. A coloring principle in mad-
Alizarine, a-liz /'a-rin, n.
[Sp.] commercialname for madder.]der. [Alizari. Eastern
Alga, al'ga, n. ; pi. Alo.e, al'je. A grand division of Alkahest. See Alcahest.
crvptogamic plants, embracing sea-weeds. [L.l — Alkali, al'ka-li or -IT, n. (Chem.) One of a class of
Al'goid, a. Resembling, etc. — Algol'ogist, n. One caustic bases, which are soluble in water and alco-
versed m etc. — Al'gous, -gus, a. Pert, to, etc.
, hol, unite with oils and fats to form soap, neutralize
Algarot, al'ga-rot, n. An emetic powder, prepared and change reddened litmus to blue. [Ar. al-qali,
from antimony. [From Algarotti, its inventor.] ashes of glasswort.] — Alkalify, al-kaKt-fi or aKka-
Algebra, alle-bra, n. (.Math.) That branch of an- li-fi, v. t. [alkalified (-fid), -fying.] To form or
alysis which investigates the relations and properties convert into, etc. — v. i. To become changed into,
of numbers by means of letters and other symbols. etc. — Alkaligenou3, -lij'e-nus, a. Producing, etc
— Algebraic, -bralk. -ical, a. Pert, to, or performed — Alkalim'eter, n. An instrument to ascertain the
by, etc. — Algebraically, adv. By means of, etc. — strength or purity of, etc. [Gr. metron, measure.] —
Al'gebraist, One
skilled in, etc. [Ar. jabara, to
n. Alkalim'etry, n. Art of ascertaining, etc. AK- —
bind together, consolidate.] kaline, -lin or -lm, a. Having the qualities of, etc.
Algid, aKjid, a. Chilled with cold. Al'gide, -jid, a. — — Alkalinity, n. Quality which constitutes, etc.
Characterized by great coldness, said of certain dis- — Alkalizalion, n. The act of rendering alkaline
eases. —
Algidity, n. —
Algiflc, -jif Ik, a. Produ- by impregnating with, etc. —
Al'kalize, -iTz, v. t.
cing cold. —
Al'gor, -g6r, n. {Med.) Unusual cold- —
To alkalify. ATkaloid, n. (Chem.) A salifiable
ness; chill at the onset of fever. [L. algidus, cold.] base existing in some vegetables as a proximate prin-
Algorism, al'go-rizm, Algorithm, -rithm, n. (Math.) ciple. —
Alkaloid'al, o.
The art of computing in any particular way. [Sp. Alkoran, aKko-ran, n. The Mohammedan Bible; a
algoritmo.] tower of a mosque in which the Koran is read.
Alguazil, al-ga-zeK, n. A
Spanish officer of justice. All, awl, a. Every one; the whole.— adv. Wholly;
Alias, ail-as, adv. Otherwise; otherwise called; — altogether. — n. The whole number, quantity, or
term used in legal proceedings to connect the differ- amount the total. [AS. eall, al.) — All in all.
ent names of a party who has gone by two or sev- Every thing
;

desired. —
All along. Continually:
eral, and whose true name is doubtful.— n. (Law.) regularly. — All that.A collection of similar things;
A second or further writ issued after one has expired et csetera. — All -fools' -day. The 1st of April, when
without effect an assumed name. [L.]
; it isa custom to play tricks, or make fools. —All-
Alibi, al'T-bi, n. (Law.) When
one on trial for crime fours. A game of cards, containing four changes.
shows that he was elsewhere when the act was com- To go on all fours, to move on four legs, or on two
mitted, he is said to prove an alibi ; hence, the de- legs and two arms or hands. —
All-hail. All health;
fense under which this proof is made. [L., else- a phrase of salutation. —
All-hallow, -hallows, -hal-
where.] lowmas. All-Saints'-day. — All-hallow-tide. The
Alien, aKyen, a. Not belonging to the same country; time near All-Saints'. —
All-Saints'-day. The first
foreign; different in nature. n. foreigner; a — A day of November, a feast in honor of all the saints.
foreign-born resident of a country, in which he has — All-souls' -day. The second of November, a Ro-
not citizenship. [L. alienus, foreign, fr. alius, other.] man Catholic solemnity, when the souls of the faith-
— Alienability, n. Capacity of being alienated. — ful are prayed for. —
Allspice. An aromatic berry
Alienable, a. Alienage, — State of being an of the West Indies. —
All-sufficient. Sufficient for
alien.— Alienate, v. t. TTo Po convey or transfer to everv thing. —
All told. All counted; including the
another, as title, property, or right; to make indif-
— —
whole number. At all. A phrase of enforcement
ferent er averse to estrange. ; a. Estranged. — or emphasis, signifying, in the least; under any cir-
AFiena'tion, n. (Law.) A
transfer of title, or legal cumstances.
conveyance of property, to another. State of being Allah, alia, n. Arabic name of the Supreme Being.
alienated or transferred ; estrangement, as of the Allantoine, al-lanlo-in, n. A substance found in the
affections ; derangement insanity. Alienator, — allantoic fluid; allantoic acid.— AUantoid, al-lan'-
-ter, n. —
One who, etc. Aliene, al-yen', v. t. To
;

toid or allan-toid, Allantois, al-lanlois or allan-

eonvey_ or transfer, as property; to estrange. —Al- tois, n. A thin membrane, situated between the
ienee, al-yen-e', n. One to whom a thing is sold. chorion and amnion, around the fetus. [Gr. alias,
— Alienism, al'yen-izm, n. State of being an alien. gut, and eidos, shape.] —
Allantoic, a. Pert. to. etc.
Alienist, al'yen-ist, n. A
physician who makes a Allay, al-la', v. t. [allayed (-lad'), allaying.] To
specialty of insanity. a. —
Relating to insanity. [F. put at rest, appease, abate, mitigate, or subdue
nhe'nitfe, fr. n^we/insane, fr. L. aFius, other.l [Partly fr. AS. alecgan, to lay down, depress
Aliferous, a-lifer-us, a. Having wings. [L. ala, a partly fr. F. allier, to ally, mix.] Allay'er, n. —
wing, and ferre, to carry.] Al'iform, al'T-, a. — He who, or that which, allays. Allay' ment, n —
Having the shape of a wing. [L. forma, shape.] Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc.
sun, cube, full ; moon, font ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 , -;

ALLAY 14 ALMIGHTY
Allay. See Alloy. assign, apportion. —
Allotment, n. Act of allotting;
Allege, al-lej', v. t. Jalleged (-lejd'), alleging.] part allotted. —
Allottee, -te', n. One to whom a
To bring forward with positiveness to produce, as ; thing is allotted. [OF. allotir, fr. E. lot.]
an argument, plea, or excuse, f L. ad and Ugare. Allotropism, al-lot'ro-pizm, Allofropy, -pi, tt.
to send, dispatch.] — re'abie,
Allege ,«,, re.
#.. Capable
Capable of (Chem.) The property of existing in two or more
being, etc. —Allegation, al-le-ga'shun, re. Positive conditions which are distinct in their physical or
declaration chemical relations: as carbon, which appears under
Allegiance, al-le'jans, n. Obligation of a subject to the forms of charcoal, graphite, and diamond. [Gr.
his prince or government loyalty.
; [L. ad and alios, other, and tropos, way, fr. trepein, to turn.] —
Ugare, to bind.] Allotrop'ic, a. Pert, to, etc.
Allegory, aKle-go-rl, n. A
story in which the direct Allotriophagy, aWo-trl-of'a-ji, re. (Med.) Depraved
and literal meaning is not the real or principal one, appetite longing for unsuitable food. [Gr. allotrios.
;

but images forth some important truth; figurative belonging to another, strange, and phagein, to eat.]
description. [Gr. allegoria: alios, other, and ago- Allow, al-low', v. t. [allowed (-lowd'), -lowing.]
reuein, to harangue.] —
Allegoric, -gSr'ik, -ical, a. To give, afford, or yield; acknowledge; abate or de-
In the manner of, etc. figurative. Allegor'ically, — duct;grant license to; permit; show, or prove to be;
—
:

adv. — Allegor'icalness, n. AKlegorist, n. One to approve of, justify. —

v. i. To make abatement.
who teaches by, etc.. —
Al'legorize, -nz, v. t. [al- [F. atlouer, fr. L. ad and locare, to place.] Allow' —
legorized (-rlzd), -rizing.] To form or turn into, able, a. Capable of being, or proper to be, etc. —
etc. ; to understand in an allegorical sense. — v. i. Allowably, adv. — Allowance, n. Act of, etc.
To use, etc.— Allegoriza'tion, n. permission or license that which is allowed
; a ;

Allegretto, al-la-gret r to, a. (Mus.) Quicker than an- stated quantity. (Naut.) A
limited quantity of
dante, but not so quick as allegro. [It.] meat and drink, when provisions fall 6hort abate-
Allegro, al-la'gro, a. (Mus.) Quick, brisk, lively. — ment. (Com.) A
deduction from the gross weight
;

n. Aquick, sprightly strain or piece. [It.] of goods. —v. t. [allowanced (-anst), -ancing.]
Alleluiah, al-Ie-lu'ya, n. Praise to Jehovah. [See To put upon allowance.
Halleluiah.] Alloxan, al-loks'an, n. (Chem.) A product of the ox-
Allemande, al-le-mand', n. A
German waltz. (Cook- idation of uric acid. [From all(antoine) and ox-
ery.) A
white sauce. [F., German.] (alic).] —Allox'anate, -at, n. A combination of
Alleviate, al-le'vl-at, v. t. To make light or easy to be alloxanic acid and a base. —
Alloxanlc, a. Pert,
borne; to remove in part; to make easier; to lessen, to, etc., — applied to an acid obtained by the action
mitigate, assuage, allay. [L. ad and levis, light.] — of soluble alkalies on alloxan. —
Alloxan 'tin, -tine,
Alleviation, n. Act mitigation.
of, etc. ; AUe'- — -an'tin, n. A
substance produced by acting upon
viative, -tiv,a.and n. That, or that which, alleviates. uric acid with warm and dilute nitric acid.
Alley, aKIT, n. ; pi. Alleys, al'lYz. walk in a gar- A / r
Alloy, al-loi \ v. t. [alloyed (-loid ), -loying.]
den; a narrow passage, as distinct from a public To reduce the purity of, by mixing with a less valua-
street. [F. allege, fr. alter, to go.] —A
large marble. ble metal; to abate, impair, or corrupt, n. Any —
[A contr. of alabaster.] compound of two or more metals a baser metal ;

Alliaceous, al-lY-a'shus, a. Pert, to garlic; having the mixed with a finer evil mixed with good. [F. h
;

smell or properties of, etc. [L. allium, garlic] la tot"=L. ad legem, according to law. This word
Alliance. See under Ally. has been confounded with allay, and the significa-
Alligate, aKIY-gat, v. t. To tie together; to unite. tion of the latter attributed to it.] —
Alloy'age, re.
[L. ad and Ugare, to bind.] —
Alliga'tion, n. (Arith.) Act of alloying; mixture of different metals.
A rule relating to the compounding of different in- Allude, al-lud', v. i. To refer to something not directly
gredients, or ingredients of different qualities or mentioned; to hint by remote suggestions; to have
values. reference, advert to. [L. ad and ludere, to play.] —
Alligator, al-li-ga'tSr, n. A
large carnivorous am- Allusion, -lu'zhun, n. Indirect reference. (Rhet.)
phibious reptile, of A figure by which something is applied to, or under-
the Saurian family, stood of, another, on account of some similitude be-
peculiar to America. tween them. —
Allu'sive, -siv, a. Hinting at; ref er-
[Corrup. fr. Sp. el ring to. —Allu'sively, adv. —
Allu'siveness, n.
lagarto, the lizard.] Alluminor, al-lu'mY-ner, n. One who paints, giving
AUineate, al-lin'i-at, light and ornament to letters and figures; a limner.
v.t. (Surv.) Toad- [L. illuminator, fr. lumen, light.]
just to a line ; to Allure, al-lur'', v. t. [allured (-lurd'"), alluring.]
align. See Align. To try to draw to; to tempt by offers to entice, se- :

AlliBJon, al-lizh'un, n. duce. [L. ad and lure, fr. OF. leurre, a bait.] Al- —
A striking against. lure' ment, n. That which allures. Allur'er, n. —
[L. ad and Isedere, to A tempter.
dash against. Alligator. Allusion. See under Allude.
Alliteration, al-lit'gr-a'shun, re. Repetition of the Alluvium, al-lu'vf-um, -vion, n. ; pi. Allu'via, -vY-a.
—
same letter at short intervals. AUit'erative, -tiv, (Geol.) Deposits of earth, sand, etc., made by rivers,
a. Pert, to, etc. [L. ad and litera, letter.] floods, etc., upon land not permanently submerged.
Allocate, al'lo-kat, v. t. To place, set apart, allot. [L. ad and luere, to wash down.] —
All*' vial. a.
[L. ad and locare, to place.] —
Allocation, n. Act Pert, to, contained in, or composed of, etc ; washed
of putting one thing to another admission of an ; ashore or down a stream; of fresh-water origin.
article of account; allowance made upon an account. Ally, al-H', v. t. [allied (-lid''), allying.] To
— Allocatur n.
, (Law.) Allowance of a thing or unite, or form a connection between. n. pi. Al- — ,•

proceeding, by a court or judicial officer. [LL., it is
allowed.]
Allocution, al-lo-ku'shun, re. An address esp. by the
pope to his clergy. [L. ad and locutus. spoken.]
Allodium, al-lo'dt-um, re. (Law.) Freehold estate;
lies, al-liz'. One united by compact, marriage, or
any tie; a confederate. [L. ad and Ugare, to bind.]
; — Alliance, al-li'ans, n. State of being allied; a
union or connection of interests; the compact or
treaty which is the instrument of allying persons ;

land which is the absolute property of the owner. or parties allied; league; confederacy; coalition.
[LL., fr. OG. 6d, ot, AS. ead, possession, property.] Allyl, al'lil, n. (Chem.) An organic radical, existing
— Allo'dial, a. (Law.) Pert, to, etc.; free of rent esp. in garlic and mustard. [L. allium, garlic, and
or service, — opp. to feudal,. Gr. hule, wood, element.]
Allonge, al-lunj', re. A thrust with a sword. [F., fr. Almagest, al'ma-jest, n. A
book of problems in as-
allonger, to lengthen, L. longus, long.] tronomy and geometry, drawn up by Ptolemy. [Gr.
Allopathy, al-lop'a-thY, n. Employment of medicines megistos, greatest, and Ar. article al, the.]
to produce effects opposite to those resulting from Alma Mater, al'ma ma'tSr. A
college or seminary
disease; the ordinary practice, as opp. to homeopathy. where one is educated. [L., fostering mother.]
[Gr. alios, other, aim pathos, suffering.] Allop''- — Almanac, awl'ma-nak. ». A calendar of days, weeks,
athist, al-lop'a-thist. Allopath, n. A practitioner of and months. [Gr. olmenache.]
etc. —Allopathic, a. Pert, to, etc. Allopatb/- — Almandine, aKman-din, n. (Min.) The red variety
ically, adv. of garnet, translucent or transparent. [L. alaban-
Alloquy, al'lo-kwl, n. A speaking to, but not with, dina, fr, Alabanrfa, in Caria.l
another or others, opp.—to colloquy. AHo'quial, ;
— Alme, Almeh, al'mf, n. In Egypt, a dancing-girl.
a. [L. ad and loqui, to speak.] "Ar. 'alimeh, fr. 'alima, to know.]
Allot, al-lot'. v. t. To divide or distribute, as by lot; nty, awl-mifY, n. God; the Supreme Being.—
to distribute in parts; to grant, as a portion; to give, 'aving all power.
'

am, fSme, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, 5ve, term ; Tn, Tee : Odd. tone. 6r <
 ALMOND 15 AMACRATIC
Almond, a'mund, n. The fruit of the almond-tree; Altercate, aller-kat, v. i. To contend in words; to
one of the glands called tonsils, at the base of the wrangle. [L. altercari, fr. alter.] —
Alterca'tion, n.
throat. ILL. amandola, corrup. fr. L. amygdala.] Warm contention; controversy; wrangle.
Almost, awl'most, adv. Nearly; for the greatest part. Alternate, al-ter'nat, a. Being t>y turns; one follow-
Alms, amz, n. pi. Any thing gratuitously given to re- ing the other in succession reciprocal, n.
; That —
lieve the poor; a charitable donation. [AS. almes, which happens by turns vicissitude a substitute.
; ;

fr. Gr. eleemosune, fr. eleein, to have pity.] Alms'- — [L. alternare, altematiim, to do by turns, fr. alter.]
house, n. A house for the poor; poor-house. —Al- — Alternate, aller-nat or al-ter'nat, v. t. Toper-
moner, al'mun-er. n. One who distributes alms for form in succession; to cause to succeed by turns; to
another. —
Al'monry, n. A
place for, etc. change reciprocally. —
v. i. To happen or to act by
Alnage, al'nej, n. A measuring by the ell. [OF. turns.— Alternately, adv.— Alternation, n. Recip-
alne, fr. L. ulnn, elbow.] rocal succession. (Math.) Changes or alterations of
Aloe, al'o, n. pi. Aloes, aKoz. (Bot.) A genus of order in numbers; permutation.— Alternative, -tiv,
—
,-

evergreen herbaceous plants. —;>/. (Med.) The in-
spissated juice of several species of aloe, used as a
purgative. [L. and Gr. aloe.] —
Al'oetlc, -ical, a.
Aloft, a-loft', adv. On high. (Naut.) In the top: at the
mast-head; above the deck. [Icel. a lo/>t. in the air.]
Alone, a-lon', a. Apart from, or exclusive of, others;
single; solitary, [all and one.]
Along, a-long', adv. In a line with the length length-
wise; in a line, or with a progressive motion onward;
in company; together, —prep. By the length of, as
disting. fr. across. [AS. and, toward, and lang,
long.] —Along'side. adv. By the side of a ship.
Aloof, a-loof", adv. At or from a distance, but within
view; apart, —prep. At or to a distance from away
from. [D. te loef, to windward.]
Alose. alos, n. The American shad. [F., fr. L. alosa.]
Alouchi, Aluchi, a-lu'che, n. A compound resin ob-
a. Offering a choice of two things. n. That which
may be chosen or omitted: a choice of two things. —
Alternatively, adv. —
Alter'nativeness, n. Quality
or state of being, etc. (Biol.) Alternate generation;
a form of reproduction in which development from
eggs alternates with that from buds, the individuals
arising in the two methods differing from one an-
; other; metagenesis. —
Alter'nant, a. (Geol.) In
; alternating layers.
Althea, al-the'a, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants includ-
ing the marsh-mallow and hollyhocks. [Gr. althaia,
fr. althein, to make to grow, to heal.] Althe'in, —
n. (Chem.) An alkaline substance existing in the
; marsh-mallow; asparagine.
Althorn, alt'h6rn, n. A musical instrument similar
to the saxhorn. [Alt and horn.]
Although, awl-tho conj. Grant all this; be it so;
,

tained from Madagascar. suppose that; notwithstanding.

r
Aloud, a-lowd adv. With a great noise; loudly.
. Altiloquence, al-til'o-kwens, n. Lofty speech; pomp-
Alow, a-lo', adv. In a low place not aloft. ; ous language. [L. altus, high, and loquentia, a
Alp, alp, n. Avery high mountain; —
esp. in the speaking.]
mountain ranges of Switzerland. [Celtic] AK- — Altimeter, al-tim'e-ter, n. An instrument for taking
pine, -pin or -pin, Al'pen, a. Pert, to or like the altitudes by geometrical principles. —
Altim /, etry,
Alps; lofty. —
Al'penstock, n. An iron-pointed n. Art of, etc. —
[L. altus and metrum, measure.]
staff used in climbing the Alps. [G. stock; a stick.J Altisonant, al-tis'o-nant, -onous, -nus, a. High sound-
Alpaca, al-pak'a, n. An animal of Peru, having long, ing; pompous. [L. altus and sonans, sounding.]
hne, woolly hair; a species of Altitude, allY-tud, n. Height perpendicular eleva-
;

llama; a thin cloth made of al- tion above the ground, or above a given level.
paea wool mixed with silk or cot- (Astron.) Elevation of a celestial object above the
ton. [Orig. Peruvian name.] horizon. [L. altitudo. fr. altus.]
Alpha, alia, n. The first letter of Alto, alio, n. (Mus.) The part sung by the lowest
the Greek alphabet, used to de- female voices, between tenor and soprano in- ; m
note first. (Astron.) Used to des- strumental music, the tenor.
ignate the brightest star in a con- Altogether, awl'to-getfi'er, adv. With united action;
stellation.— Al'phabet, n. The without exception: completely. [All and together.]
letters of a language arranged in Alto-relievo, aFto-re-le'vo. -rilievo, -re-le-a'vo, n.
order. fr. alpha
[Gr. alphabetos, (Sculp.) High relief; the figure standing out from
and two Greek let-
beta, the first the background. [It. alto rilievo.]
ters.] — Alphabet, Alphabetize, Alpaca. Altruism, allroo-izm, n. Regard for others; devotion
-Iz, v. t. [alphabetized (-Izd), -tizing.] To ar- to the interests of others; unselfishness; opp. to
range in the order of an alphabet. — Al'phabeta'- egotism. —
Al'truist, n. One who, etc. Altruistic, —
rlan, n. Alearner of the alphabet; abecedarian. — a. [F . altruisme ; L. alter.]
Alphabetic, -ical, a. Of, pertaining to, or arranged Aludel, al'u-del, n. A
chemical pot open at each end.
in the order of, etc. —
Alphabet Icafiy, adv. used in sublimation. [Prob. of Arabic origin.]
Alphonsin, al-fon'sin, n. (Surg.) An instrument for Alum, aKum, n. A
double sulphate of alumina and
extracting bullets from wounds. potassa. [L. alumen.] —
Aluminate, a-lu'ml-nat, v.
Alquifou, aKkT-foo, n. An ore of lead, potters' ore. t. (Engraving.) To wash with alum-water, to pre-
Already, awl-redl, adv. Before this time; now. vent lines from running.— Aluminlform, n. Formed
Alaike, al'sik or al'sek, n. A
kind of clover. [From like alumina. —
Alu'mina, -ml-na, AFumine, -min,
Alsike, a parish of Sweden.] n. (Min.) One of the earths, having two parts
Also, awKso, adv. or conj. In like manner; likewise; of aluminum and three of oxygen.— Aluminifer-
too; in addition to. [From all and so.] ous, -nif'er-us, a. Producing or containing alum.
Alt, alt, a. or n. ( Mus?) The higher part of the scale. — Aluminium, Alu'minum, n. The metallic base of
[L. altus. high.] alumina; a very light white metal, not easily oxid-
Altar, awller, n. An elevated place on which sacri- ized. — Alu'minous, a. Pert, to, or containing al-
fices are offered to a deity; in Christian churches, um, or alumina. — Al'umish, n. Of the nature of
the communion table. [L. altare, altar, fr. same alum. — Al'um-stone, n. A mineral containing alum.
offerings.
-piece, n.
—A —
root as altus.] Al'tarage, n. Profits of priests from
cloth, n. The covering of an altar.
painting over the altar; entire decora-
— Alumnus, a-lum'nus, n. ; pi. Alum'ni, -ni. A pupil; a
graduate of a college, etc. [L., fr. alere, to nourish.]
Alva, al'va, n. A plant of the pondweed order, dried,
tion of an altar. and used for stuffing beds and upholstery.
Altazimuth, al-tazl-muth, n. An instrument at- Alveary, al'vT-a-rY, n. A bee-hive; the hollow of the
tached to telescopes for taking azimuths and alti- external ear. [L. alvearium, fr. alvus, belly, bee-
tudes at the same time. See Azimuth. hive.] —
Alveolus, al-ve'o-lus, n. pi. Alve'oli. A
,•

Alter, awller, v. t. [altered (-terd), -tering.] To cell ina honey-comb; the socket in the jaw in which
make some change m; to vary; to change entirely or a tooth is fixed. [L., small cavity, dim. of alveus, fr.
materially. —
v. z. To become, in some respects, dif- alvus.] —
Al'veolar, -lary, a. Pert, to or resembling
ferent; to change. —
Al'tered, part. a. (Geol.) Ap- tooth-sockets. —
Al'veolate, a. Pitted like honey-
plied to strata that have been changed since their de- comb. —
Alvine, aKvin, a. Pert, to the lower belly
Eosition by heat, moisture, etc. [LL. alterare. fr. or intestines.
alter, another.]
i. —
Al'terable, a. Capable of bei ng Alway awl'wa, Al'ways, adv. Perpetually regularly ;

—
,

altered.— Al'terableness, -ability, n. Al'terably. at stated intervals; invariably. [All and way, pi.
adv. —Al'terant, a. and n. Same as alterative.— ways.]
Alteration, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; Am, the first person singular of the verb to be in the
change; the change made. —
Alterative, -tiv, a. indicative mode, present tense.
(Med.) Having power to restore the healthy func- Amacratic, am-a-kratlk. a. Pert, to a lens which
tions of the body without sensible evacuations. n. — unites all the chemical rays into one focus. [Gr.
An alterative medicine. ama, together, and kratos, strength.]
sBn, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil : linger or ink- then, boNboN, chair, get
 —

AMADOU 16 AMENDE
Amadou, am'a-doo.n. A spongy, combustible prep- '
principle of ambergris. — Am'breic, a. — Am'brite,
aration of agaric growing on old trees. [F., tinder.) -brit, n. A fossil gum-resin resembling amber, found
Amain, a-mah', adv. Violently; suddenly. (Naut.) in New Zealand.
Suddenly, or at once. [AS. a, maegen, strength.] Ambidexter, am-bi-deks'ter, n. One who uses both
Amalgam, a-mal'gam, n. A compound of mercury, hands equally well; a double-dealer. [L. ambo, both,
or quicksilver, with another metal; a mixture of and dexter, right (hand).]— Am'bidexter'ity. -ter'-
different things. [Gr. malagma, any emollient, fr. T-tT, n. Power of using, etc. double-dealing. — Am-
—
;

malassein, to make soft.] —

Amalgamate, -gamize, bidex'trous, -trus, a. Ambidex'trousness, n.
v. t. To compound or mix. v. i. —
To unite in Ambient, am'bf-ent, a. Encompassing; surrounding.
an amalgam; to coalesce, as a result of growth. — [L. ambiens, p. pr. of ambire, to go around.]
AmaFgama'tion, n. Actor operation of, etc.; esp. Ambiguous, am-big'u-us, a. Doubtful or uncertain,
the process of separating gold and silver from their esp. in respect to signification. [L. ambiguus, fr.
ores by mixing them with mercury; the blending of ambigere, to wander about irresolutely. Ambig'u- —
different things or races. —
Amalgamator, -master, ously, adv. — Ambig'uousness, Ambiguity, n.
n. A
machine for producing an amalgam. Ambit, am'bit, n. Circuit or compass. [L. ambitus.]
Amanuensis, a-man^u-en'sis, n. ; pi. -enses, -sez. One Ambition, am-bish'un, n. Eager desire of preferment,
who writes what another dictates, or copies what superiority, power, etc. aspiration greediness. [L.
; ;

is written; a copyist. [L. a manu, by hand.] ambit io, a gomgaround, esp. of candidates for offic
Amaranth, am'a-ranth, n. ( Bot. ) A genus of annual to solicit votes?] —
Ambi'tious, -shus, a. Possessing,
plants, with flowers and foliage of various colors and controlled by, springing from, or indicating, ambi-
leaves that last long without withering; an imaginary tion. —
Ambi'tionless, a. Ambi'tiously, adv. — —
flower that never fades; a purplish color. [Gr. ani- Ambi'tiousness, n.
arantos, fr. a priv. and rnarainein, to wither. Am- — Amble, am'bl, v. To move,
as a horse, by lifting
i.

aranthine, -ranth r in, a. Of or pert, to, etc.; not fad- together the two legs on one side; to pace; to move
ing ; purplish. affectedly. n. —
Gait of a horse. [L. ambidare, to
Amaryllis, am-a-ril'lis, n. (Bot.) bulbous plant,A walk.] —
Am'bler, n. horse which paces. A
with large, lily-like flowers of various colors. [Name Amblyopy, am^bli-o-pl, n. Obscurity of sight; incip-
of a country girl in Theocritus and Virgil.] ient amaurosis. [Gr. amblus, dim, and ops, eye.]
Amasi, a-m-a/sY, n. A
preparation of soured milk Ambreine. See under Ambergris.
used in Central Africa. Ambrosia, am-bro'zha, n. (Myth.) The food of the
Amass, a-mas', v. t. [amassed (a-masf), amassing.] gods, which conferred eternal youth. (Bot.) A
To collect into a mass or heap; to accumulate, pile genus of plants, including rag-weed, hog-weed, etc.
up, gather. — Amass'able, a. Capable of being, etc. [Gr., fr. a priv. and brotos, mortal.] AmbrCBial, —
— Amass'ing, n. Act of accumulating; what has -zhal, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.; delicious.
been accumulated. — Amass'ment, n. Accumula- Ambrosian, am-bro'zhan, a. Pert, to St. Ambrose.
tion. [LL. amassare, fr. L. massa, mass.] Ambrotype, am^bro-tip, n. A picture taken on a pre-
Amassette, a-mas-set', n. An implement used by art- pared glass, in which lights are represented in silver,
ists to collect paint on the stone. [F.] and shades by a dark background, visible through
Amasthenic, am-as-then'ik, a. Uniting all the chem- the unsilvered portions of the glass. [Gr. ambrotos,
ical rays into one focus, —
said of a lens; amacratic. immortal, and tupos, impression.]
[Gr. ama, together, and sthenos, force.] Ambry, am'brT, n. An almonry a pantry. [OF. ;

Amateur, am-a-ter', n. One who cultivates a study or armarie, repository for arms.]
art, without pursuing it professionally. [F., fr. Ambsace, amz'as, n. A double ace. [OF. ambes,
L. amator, lover, fr. amare, to love.] — Amateurish, ambs, L. ambo, both, and ace.]
a. Inclined to be an amateur. Ambulance, am'bu-lans, n. (Mil.) A flying hospital
Amative, am'a-tiv, a. Full of love amorous ama- to follow an army in its movements. [L. ambulare,
tory. — Am'ativeness, n. (Phren.) Supposed seat of
;

to walk.]
;

Am'bulance cart, n. A vehicle, for —

sexual desire; propensity to love. [See Phrenol- wounded persons. — Am'bulant, a. Walking; mov-
ogy] —
Amato'rial, Am'atory, a. Relating to, in- ing from place to place. — Ambulation, n. Act of,
duced by, or expressive of, love. etc. — Am'bulato'ry, a. Able or accustomed to, etc.
Amaurosis, am-aw-ro'sis, n. (Med.) A loss or decay (Law.) Not fixed in its legal character, but capable
of sight, without visible defect in the eye, usually of being altered, as a will. n. Part of a building —
from loss of power in the optic nerve. —Amaurotic, intended tor walking in, esp. a place inclosed by a
-rot'ik, a. Pert, to, etc. [Gr. amauros, dark, dim.] colonnade or arcade, as a portico.
Amaze, a-maz', j;. t. [amazed (-mazd'), amazing.] Ambury, am'bu-rT, An'bury, n. A soft swelling on a
To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or wonder; horse, full of blood. _[AS. ampre, crooked vein.]
to confuse with terror and astonishment. — n. As- Ambuscade, am , bus-kad, n. A lying concealed, to
tonishment perplexity. [Prefix a and maze.] — attack an enemy by surprise a concealed place
from which to attack ambush. — v. t. To lie in
; ;

Ama'zedly, -ed-11, adv.— Ama/zedness, n. — Amaze '- ;

ment, n. A feeling of surprise and wonder per- wait to attack from ambush. [It. imboscata, to set
; ;

plexity from, etc.; admiration; confusion. -Ama'- in bushes, fr. in and bosco, LL. boscus, a wood
E. bush.] — Am'bush, -bo"6sh, n.
;

zingly, adv. In an amazing degree. Act of attacking,

Amazon, am'a-zon, n. One of a fabulous race of fe- etc.; an ambuscade; troops concealed, etc. v. t. [am-
male warriors, on the coast of the Euxine; a warlike bushed (-b<36sht), ambushing.] To lie in wait for;
or masculine woman; a virago. [Gr., fr. a. priv. and to surprise; to place in ambush.
mazos, a breast, from the fable that the Amazons cut Ameer, Amir, a-mer'. Same as Emeer, Emir.
off the right breast, to use weapons more freely.] — Ameliorate, a-meKyo-rat, v. t. To make better; to im-
Amazo'man, a. Pert, to or resembling, etc. belong- prove, —u. i. To grow better; to meliorate. [L. ad
and meliorare, to make better.] — Amelioration,
;

ing to the River Amazon, or to the surrounding

country. — Am' azon ant. (Entom.) A warlike spe- n. — Ameliorative, -tiv, a. Producing, etc.
cies of ants. — Am'azonite, Am'azon stone.
-it, Amen, a'men' (in singing pron. a'men'). An ex-
(Min.) A
variety of feldspar, found near the Ama- pression used at the end of prayers, meaning, So be
zon River, also in the Ural Mountains in Siberia, it. [Gr. andHeb.]
and in Colorado._ Amenable, a-me'na-bl, a. Liable to be brought to
Ambages, am-ba'jez, n. A circuit of words; a circum- account or punishment; responsible; willing to yield;
locution. [L., fr. ambi, around, and agere, to go.] submissive. [F. amener, to lead to, fr. LL. minare,
Ambassador, am-bas'sa-der, n. An envoy of the to conduct.] —
Ame'nably, adv. — Amenability,
highest rank sent to a foreign government. Am- — Ame'nableness, n. State of being, etc.
bas'sadress, n. A
female ambassador the wife of Amend, a-mend', v. t. To change for the better; to cor-
rect, reform. — v. i.
;

an ambassador. [F. ambassadeur, fr. LL. ambax- To grow better. [F. amender.
iare, to announce.] —
Ambassado'rial, a. Pert, to, L. a, from, and rnendum, fault.] — Amend 'able, a.
etc. — Am'bassage, -bassy, -si, n. Embassy. Capable of being, etc. Amend'atory, a. Con- —
Amber, am'ber, n. A yellow fossil resin, rendered taining amendment; corrective. Amend'er, n. — —
electric by friction.— a. Of, resembling, or of the Amend'ment, n. An alteration for the better: cor-
color of, amber. [Ar. 'anbar.] — Am'ber-pine, n. rection of faults; reformation by quitting vices: in
A tree producing, etc. — Am'ber-seed, n. Musk- public bodies, an alteration in a bill or motion by
seed. adding, changing, etc. (Law.) Correction of im
Ambergris, am'ber-gres, n. A fragrant substance error in a writ or process. Amends', n. sing. and. —
used in perfumery, etc. It is a morbid secretion pi. Compensation for loss or injury ; satisfaction ;

of the intestines of the sperm-whale. [Amber and equivalent.

F. grts, g»ay.] — Am'breine, -bre-in, n. The active Amende, a-maNd', n. A
fine ot punishment; repara-

5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn, Ice ; 6dd, tone,
 AMENITY AMPHIPROSTYLE
t: m retraction. — Amende honorable,
: -on'o^ra'bl. against government. [Gr. umnestia, a forgetting, fr.
Public recantation or apology lor injury. [F.] a priv. and mirnneskeiii. to remember.]
Amenity, a-men'Y-tT, n. Agreeablene>s in situation, Amnion, am'ni-on, Am'aios, n. (Anat.) The inner
.mate, manners, etc. [L. amcenus, pleasant.] membrane covering the fetus. (Bot.) The cover-
Ameaomania, a-men'o-ma'nl-a, n. A kind of insan- ing of the embryo of the seed. [Gr., fr. amnos, a
which the patient has agreeable delusions. lamb, so called "from its softness to the touch.]
namus and mania, madness.] Amoeba, a-me'ba, n. (Zool.) An animalcule capable
Ameaerrhoea, a-men'or-re'a. n. ( Pathol. ) Absence of numerous changes of form. Amce'biform. —
>t the menstrual discharge. [Gr. a priv., men. Amoe'boid. a. Resembling, etc. Amoe'bous.-'ous, —
month, and rhein, to flow.] a. Of, or pert, to, etc. [Gr. amoibe. a change.]
Ament, am'ent, n. (Bot.) A species of inflorescence Amcebaean. am-e-be'an, a. Alternately answering.
mg
of a scaly [Gr. amoibaios, alternate, fr. ameibein, to change.]
sort of spike, as in the Among, a-miing', Amongst, a-mungst', prep. Mixed
alder, birch, etc. a or mingled with; associated with; making part of the
—
;

catkin. Amenta'- number of. [AS. amang, fr. gemaug, mixture.]

C8 0U8. -ta'shus, a. Amontillado, a-mon'til-la'do, n. A dry sherry. [Sp.J
Producing catkins. Ament. Amorous, am'o-rus, a. Inclined to love prone to ;

(L. amentum, thonzor strap.] ,-exual enjoyment; enamored: in love; of, or caused
Amentia, a-men'shT-a, n. Imbecility; idiocy [L. by, love. [L. amor, love. J —
Am'oreusly, adv. —
fr. Gr. a priv. and L. mens, mentis, mind.] Amorousness, n.
Amerce, a-mersl v. t. [amerced (-mersf), amer- Amoroso, am-o-ro'so. n. lover, A —
adv. (Mus.) Lov-
cing.] To punish by a pecuniary penalty fixed by ingly; tenderly. [It.]
the court; to punish^ in general. [OF. amercier, to Amorph, arn'orf, n. (C hem. and Min.) body with- A
tine, L. merces, wages.]— Amerce'able, a. Liable out crystalline structure. —
Amor'phism, n. state A
to, etc.— Amerce'ment, n. {Law.) Pecuniary pen- of being, etc., as in glass, opal, etc. [Gr. a priv. and
alty inflicted at the discretion of the court. A- — morphe, form.] —
Amor'phous, -lus, a. Having no
mer'cer, n. determined form: of no particular character; anom-
American, a-mer'T-kan, a. Pert, to America, esp. to — alous. —
Amor'photae, -fo-te. n. pi. (Astron,) Stars
the United States, —n. Native of, etc., formerly not comprised in any constellation.
applied to the aboriginal inhabitants; but now to Amortize, a-mor'tlz, v. t. (Law.) To alienate in
descendants of Europeans born in America, esp. in mortmain. [LL. amortisare. fr. L. mors, mortis,
the United States. [From Amerigo Vespucci.] — death. J —
Amortdza'tion. Amortizement, -tiz-ment,
Americanism, -izm, n. Word, phrase, or idiom pe- n. (Law.) Act or right ol alienating lands to a cor-
culiar to America regard of Americans lor their
; poration, considered as transferring them to dead
country or its interests. —
Americanize, -Tz, v. t.
|

j
hands, or in mortmain extinction of debt, esp. by
;

[-ized (-Izd), -izixg.] To render American. a sinking fund.

Americim, a-mer'T-sim, n. A South American liz- Amount, a-mownt', v. i. To rise or reach by accumu-
ard. lation to come in the aggregate to be equivalent. ;

—
;

Ametabolic, a-met'a-bol'ik, a. (Zool.) Pert, to insects a. Sum total: effect, substance, or result. [F.
which remain wingless and undergo no evident met- mooter, to ascend, fr. L. ad and mans, montem,
amorphosis. [Gr. a priv. and meiabole, change.] mountain.]_
Amethyst, am'e-thist, n. A subspecies of quartz, of a Amour, a-moor', n. A love intrigue. [F., fr. L. amor,
bluish violet color. [Gr. arnethustos, remedy for love.]
drunkenness, the stone supposed to have this pow- Ampere, o^'par', -pere, am-par', n. The unit of
er.] —
Amethyst'ine, -in, a. Pert, to, composed of, electric current. [Fr. a French electrician.]
or resembling, etc. —
Amethysfoline, -lin, n. Vol- Amphibious, am-flb'1-us, a. Able to live in the air and
atile fluid found in cavities of the amethyst. water; adapted for living, etc.; partaking of two na-
Amiable, a'mT-a-bl, a. Worthy of love; deserving of tures. Amphibiously, adv. Amphiblousness, — —
affection; charming. [L. amabilis, fr. amare, to n. [Gr. amphi. on both sides, and bios, life.] Am- —
love.] —
A'miableness. -billty, n. A'miably, adv. —
phibla, -I-a. n. pi. (Zool.) The class of reptiles
Amianth, am'T-anth. Amianthus, am/T-an-thus, n. which includes the saurians. Amphibian, n. An —
(Min.) An incombustible flax-like mineral sub- amphibious animal. —Amphibian, -ial. a. Of, or
stance, which may be wrought into cloth and paper. pert, to, etc. Amphiblolite. -lit. n. Fossil remains —
[Gr. amiantos (hthos), unsoiled (stone), fr. a priv. of an amphibious_animal. [Gr. hthos, stone.]
—
and miainein, to stain .] Annan' thiform [L. forma, Amphibole, am'fi-bol, n. (Geel.) Hornblende, which
shape] and Amian'thoid [Gr. eidos, form], a. Re- is easily mistaken for augite. Amphibolic, -bollk, —
sembling, etc. a. [Gr. amphibolos, ambiguous, equivocal.] — Am-
Amicable, am' T-ka-bl, a. Harmonious in mutual in- phib'olite, -lit, n. Hornblende trap-rock. [Gr. ;

tercourse; friendly; peaceable. [L. amicus, friend.] hthos, stone.]

— Am'icabUlty, Amlcableness, n. Ami'cabiy, — Amphibology, am-fi-boKo-jT, n. phrase, proposi- A
adv. tion, etc., susceptible of more than one interpreta-
Amice, am'is, Amlct. n. A
loose flowing garment tion. [Gr. amphibolos and logos, speech.] Am- —
worn by pilgrims. (Eccl.) A
piece of embroidered phibological. -loj'Y-kal, a. Of doubtful meaning.
linen, worn on the head like a hood, or on the should- — Amphibolous, -lus, a. Capable of two meanings.
ers like a cape. [L. amicire, amictwn, to wrap about.] Amphibrach, amli-brak, n. (Anc. Pros.) A foot of
Amid, a-mid'. Amidst'', prep. In the midst or middle three syllables, the middle one long, the first and
surrounded by among. [AS. a and middan, mid-
; last short. [Gr. amphibrachus. short at both ends.]
dle.] Amphicar'pic, -carpous, am-ft-car / pus. a. (Bot.) Bear-
Amidships, a-mid'ships, adv. Half-way between the ing fruit of two kinds. [Gr. amphi and karpos, fruit.]
stem and the stern. Amphictyons, am-fiklY-unz, n. pi. council of dep- A —
Amiss, a-mis', a. Wrong: faulty: out of order; im- uties from the different states of ancient Greece.
proper. —
adv. Wronsly, etc. " [AS. a and mission, Amphic'tyonlc, a.— Amphic'tyony, -fiklT-o-nt. n.
to miss.] A league of neighboring states. [Gr. Amphiktuones,
Amity, am'T-fl, n. Friendship ; harmony ; good un- prob.'fr. amphrktiones, neighbors.]
derstanding. [F. amitie, fr. ami, L. amicus, friend.] Amphigean, am-fij'e-an, a. Extending over all the
Amm onia, am-mo'nT-a, n. A volatile alkali of a pun- I
zones of the earth. [Gr. amphi and ge, the earth.]
gent smell; spirit of hartshorn. [From salammoniac, Amphigory, am-fig'o-rl, n. Nonsense verses; a rig-
first obtained near the temple of Jupiter Amman, bv marole, with apparent meaning, but really meaning-
—
I

burning camel's dung.] Ammo , niac, -niacal. -id/- less. [F. amphigouri, Gr. amphi and guros, circle.]
a-kal, a._ Of, or pert, to, etc. Ammc'niac. or Gum— |

!
— Amphigorlc, a. Nonsensical: absurd.
ammo'niac, n. (Med.) Concrete juice of an umbel- Amphilogy, am-fil'c-iY, n. Amphibology partial ;

liferous plant, from Persia. [Gr. ammoniakon, gum truth; a truth so stated that its opposite might seem
said to distill from trees near the temple of Jupiter '

equally true. [Gr. amphi and logos, discourse.]

Amnion.] —
Ammo /-niated, a. Combined with am- Amphimacer, am-nm 'a-ser, n. (Anc. Pros.)
,
foot of A
monia, —
used of metallic salts. Ammo'nic. a. Of, — [
three syllables, the middle one short, and the others
or pert, to, ammonia. lone. *[Gr. amphtmakros, long on both sides.]
Ammunition, am-mu-nish'un, n. Military stores for Amphipneusta, am-fip-mi'sta. n. pi. (Zool.) Perren-
attack or defense; articles used in charging^ fire-arms nib--ancliiate amphibians, having both gills and
j nd ordnance; as powder, balls, shot, etc. ft. ad, for, I
lungs. [Gr. amphi and pnein, to breathe.]
and munitio, defense, fr. munire, to defend.] Amphiprostyle. am-fiplo-stll, n. A double prostyle,
Amnesty, am'nes-tY, n. A general pardon of offenses or an edifice with columns in front and behind.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; I tger or ink, Aen, boh'boN, chair, get.
2
 :

AMFHISBiENA 18 ANALECTIC
but not on the sides. — Amphip'rosty'lar, a. [Gr. that those so baptized ought to be baptized again. —
ampki and prostulos, with columns in front] Anabaptis'tic, a. —
Anabap'tism, n. The doctrine
Amphisbaena, am-fis-be'na, n. A kind of serpent of, etc. [Gr. ana, again, and baptizein, to baptize.]
which appears, from the thickness of its tail, to have Anabasis, a-nab'a-sis, re. Lit., a going up; esp., Cyrus'
two heads, and to be able to move in either direction. invasion of Asia; agreat military expedition. (Med.)
[Gr. amphisbaina, fr. amphi and bainein, to go.]
Amphiscians, am-fish'T-anz, Amphiscii, -fish/l-I, re.
The first period, or increase of a disease. Anabatic, —
a. [Gr. ana, up, and basis, going.]
pi. (Geog.) Dwellers between the tropics, whose Anacathartic, an'a-ka-thar'tik, a. Exciting dis-
shadows are cast to the north, or to the south, ac- charges from the mouth and nose. re. medicine — A
cording to the position of the sun. [Gr. amphit- having this property: —
opp. of cathartic. [Gr.
kios, throwing a shadow both ways, fr. amphi and ana, upward, kutharsis, purging.]
skia,shadow.] Anacnoret, Anachorite. See Anchoret.
Amphitheater, -tre, am-fT-the'a-tgr, w. An oval or Anacharis, au-ak'a-ris, re. (Bot.) A fresh- water weed
circular edifice, having rows of seats one above an- which obstructs navigation waterweed. [L., fr. :

other, around the arena; the highest gallery in a ana, as if for an priv. and charts, grace.]
theater. —
Am'phitheat'rical, a. [Gr. amphi and Anachorism, an-ak'o-rizm, n. A practice or expres-
;

theatron, fr. theasthai, to see.] sion differing from the usage of the country in which
Amphora, am'fS-ra, re. An
ancient two-handled earth- it is employed. [Gr. ana, against, and choros, a
en vessel. [L., fr. Gr. amphi and country.]
phorein, to bear.] Anachronism, an-ak r ro-nizm, n. An error in chro-
Ample, am'pl, a. Large in
size of ; nology, by which events are misplaced in regard to
great extent or bulk; fully sufficient. each other. [Gr. ana, against, and chronos, time.]
jXi. ampins.] —
Am'plitude, -tud, re. — Anach'ronisfic, a. Involving, etc.
State of being, etc.; extent of capacity Anaclastics, an'a-klas'tiks, re. That part of optics
or intellectual powers, or of means, or concerning thejefraction of light; dioptrics.
resources. (Astron.) An arc of the Anaclisis, an'a-kle'sis, n. (Med.) Position taken by a
horizon between true east or west and sick person in bed. [Gr. ana, back, and kline, bed.]
the center of the rising or setting sun Anacoluthon, an'a-ko-lu'thon, re. (Rhet.) Want of
or star. (Gun.) The range of a body sequence in the parts of a sentence, when one part
thrown. (Magnetism.) The arc of has a different grammatical construction from an-
the horizon between the sun or a star, other. — Anacolu /'thic, -thical, a. Anacolu'thic- —
at its rising or setting, and the east or ally, adv. [Gr. an priv. and akolouthein, to follow.]
west point of the horizon, by the com- Anaconda, an-a-kon'da, re. A large snake of the Boa
pass. — Amply, adv. — Amplify, am'. family, which lives in South America.
pll-fl, V. [AMPLIFIED -FYING.] m „y, nr
To render larger, more extended, or Am P nora
t. (-fid), A Anacreontic, a-nak're-on'tik, a. Pert, to, or after the
manner of, the Greek poet Anacreon. — re. A poem
-

more intense. (Rhet.) To treat copiously. — ©, i. in praise of love and wine.

To grow or become large; to dilate. [L. facere, to Anacrusis, an-a-kroo'sis, n. (Pros.) A prefix of unac-
make.]— Am'plifica'tion, re. — Am'pEative, -plY-a- cented syllables to a verse beginning with an accented
tiv, Am'plinca'tive, a.
— Am'plifLer, -n-er, re. Serving or tending to, etc. Anadem,
syllable. [Gr. ana, up, and krouein, to strike.]
an'a-dem, re. A garland fillet chaplet. ; ;

Ampulla, am-pulla, re. An ancient flask or bottle, [Gr. anadema, fr. anadein, to tie up, to wreathe.]
having a narrow neck and big bel- Anadiplosis, aD'a-dt-plo'sis, re. (Rhet.) repetition A
ly; a drinking cup. (Bot.) A hol- of words in a sentence or clause, at the beginning of
low leaf. (Anat.) A dilatation in the next. [Gr., fr. ana, again, and diploun, to double.]
the semi-circular canals of the ear. Anadrom, an'a-drom, re. A
fish that periodically
HL.] — Ampullaceous, -la'shus, a. leaves the sea to ascend rivers.— Anad'ro-mous, -mus,
Bottle-shaped. a. [Gr. ana, upward, and dromos, a running.]
Amputate, am'pu-tat, v. t. To cut Anaemia, a-ne'mT-a, re. (Med.) Deficiency of blood in
off, as a limb. —
Amputation, re. the system. — Anae'mic, a. [Gr. aw priv. and haima,
[L. amb, about, and putare, puta- blood.J— Anaemot'rophy, -ft, w. Lack of nourish-
tum, to prune.] AmDulla ment in the blood. [Gr. trophe, nourishment.]
Amuck, a-muk', re. Act of killing; F Anaesthesia, an-es-the'zht-a, Anaesthe'sis, re. (Med.)
slaughter. —
adv. Wildly; indiscriminately.— To Entire or partial loss of perception; insensibility pro-
run amuck. To rush out frantically, attacking all duced by disease or by inhaling ether, chloroform,
comers, as is done by fanatics in the East. [Malay, nitrous oxide gas, etc. [Gr. are priv. and aisthesis,
amok.] feeling.] — Anaesthetic, a. Capable of rendering
Amulet, am'u-let, n. Something worn to prevent insensible by being inhaled; characterized by insen-
evil ; a charm inscribed with mystic characters. [F. —
sibility. re. That which produces, etc. Anaes'- —
amulette, L. amuletum, At. hamala, to carry.] thetize, v. t. To produce, etc.
Amuse, a-muz', v t. [amused (-muzd'), amusing.] Anaglyph, an'a-ghf, re. An embossed or chased or-
To entertain agreeably; to keep in expectation, de- nament, worked in relief, —
when raised on stone a
lude, divert. [F. amuser.] —
Amuse'ment, re. That cameo, when sunk an intaglio. [Gr. ana, up, and
which, etc. pastime. Amu'ser, re.— Amu'sive, -siv, — gluphein, to engrave.] —
Anaglyph'ic, -ical, Ana-
;

a. Capable of, etc. —

Amu'slvely, -singly, adv. glyp'tic, a. Relating to the art of carving, engra-
Amygdalate, a-mig'da-lat, a. Made of almonds. re. — ving, enchasing, or embossing plate.
Ah emulsion made, etc. [Gr. amugdalon, almond.] Anagoge, Anagogy, an'a-go-jt, re. An elevation of
— Amyg'daline, -lin, a. Pert, to, etc. re. A crys- — mind; mystical interpretation of the Scriptures; ap-
talline principle obtained from bitter almonds. — plication to the New Testament of types and alle-
Amyg'dalif'erous, a. Producing almonds. (Min.) Ap- gories of the Old; one of four modes of Scriptural in-
plied to a geode with a movable kernel. [L./erre, to terpretation, the others being literal, allegorical, and
bear.] —
Amyg'daloid, re. A variety of trap-rock, tropological. (Med.) Rejection through the mouth
with imbedded almond-shaped minerals. Amyg- — of Dlood from the lungs. [Gr. anagoge, fr. ana, up,
daloid'al, a. Resembling amygdaloid. [Gr. eiaos, —
and agein, to lead.] Anagogetical, -jetl-kal, Ana-
form.] gogical, -goj'T-kal, a. Mysterious spiritual. Ana ; —
Amylaceous, am-Y-la'shus, a. Pert, to starch. Am'- — gog'ically, adv. —
Anagogics, -goj Iks, re. pi. Mys-
ylene, -T-len, re. A hydro-carbon of anaesthetic prop- tical interpretations, esp. of the Scriptures.
erties. —
AmyKic, a. Of or from starch. [Gr. amulon, Anagram, an'a-gram, re. A
transposition of the let-
starch.] ters of a name, forming a new word. [Gr. ana, back,
An, a. Commonly called the indefinite, article. It again, and gramma, a letter.] An agrammafic, —
signifies owe or any, but less emphatically, and is used -ical, a. Pert, to, or making, an anagram. An'a- —
before a vowel sound. [AS. an, ane, Goth, ains, grammat'ically, adv. —
An agrammatism, n. Act
L. unus.] or practice of, etc. —
An^grarn'matist, re. A maker
An, core/. If. [Ohs.] [See And.] of, etc. — An'agram'matize, v. To transpose, so t.
Ana, a'na, re. (Med.) An equal part of each. [Gr.] as to form, etc. — v. To make anagrams.
i.

Ana, a'na. A suffix to names denoting a collection of Anagraph, an'a-graf, n. A commentary. [Gr. ana.
memorable sayings. Thus, Scaligerana is a book of up, and graphem, to write.]
sayings by Scaliger. Sometimes used alone as a Anal, a'nal, a. Belonging to or near the anus or open-
noun. [Neut. pi. termin. of L. adjectives in -anus.'] ing at the lower extremity of the alimentary canal.
Anabaptist, an-a-bap'tist, re. (Eccl. Hist.) One who Analectac, an-a-lek'tik, a. Collecting or selecting;
denies the validity of infant baptism, and maintains made up of selections. —
An'alocts, Analec'ta,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; TCn, Tee ; 5dd, tSne, 6r
 ANALEMMA 19 ANCHOVY
-lekla. n. pi. A collection of literary fragments. chief, fr. an and arche, beginning.] Anarch,
priv. —
[Gr. ana, up, and legein, to gather.] an'ark, re. Author of, etc. Anarchic, -ical, a. —
Analemma. an-a-lem'ma. n. (Geom.) projection A Lawless. —
An'archist, re. One who promotes, etc.
of the sphere on the plane of the meridian; an in- — An'archize, -Iz, v. t. To create anarchy in.
strument of wood or brass, showing this projection Anarthropoda, an-ar-throp'8-da, re. (Zo'61.) Annulose
of the sphere, and having a horizon fitted to it. A animals which have no joints or limbs, as worms.
tabular mark on a terrestrial globe, to notify the [Gr. are priv., arthron, joint, and ports, podos, foot.]
sun's declination on any day in the year. [Gr. ana- Anasarca, an'a-sar'ka, re. (Med.) Dropsy of the cel-
lemma, a support, fr. analambanein, to take up.] lular tissue. —
Anasarcoos, -sark'us, a. Dropsical.
Analapsis, an-a-lep'sis, n. {Med.) Recovery; conva- [Gr. ana, throughout, and sarx, sai-kos, flesh.]
lescence. [Gr., fr. analambanein.'] Analep'tic, a. — Anastasis, an-a-sta'sis, re. (Med.) A rising up from
Corroborating; invigorating; giving strength after sickness; recovery; a translation of humors to a su-
disease. n. —
Restorative medicine. perior part. [Gr. ana, up, and histanai, to stand.] —
Analogy, an-aKo-jI, re. A
likeness in some respects, Anastatic, a. Pert, to a method of printing from
between things otherwise different. {Geom.) Equal- zinc plates, having raised characters.
ity, proportion, or similarity of ratios. [Gr. ana, Anastomosis, a-nas'to-mo'sis, re. ; pi. -moses, -mo'sez.
similar to, logos, ratio, proportion.] Analogical, — Inosculation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel
a. According to, or founded on, analogy. Analog'- — into another. [Gr., fr. anastomoun, to furnish with
ically, adv. —
Analoglcalness, re. Quality of being, a mouth.] —
Anastomotic, -motlk, a. Pert. to. or
etc.— Anal'ogism, -jizm, re. Argument from cause to characterized by, etc., —re. medicine designedto A
effect; investigation by analogy. —
Anal'ogize, -jlz, open the mouths of vessels. Anas'tomose, -moz, —
v. t. To explain or consider by, etc. — Analogous, v. [anastomosed (-mozd), -mosino.] (Anat.
i. (f
-gus,a. Correspondent. —
Analogously, adv.— An'- Bot.) To inosculate; to unite as by anastomosis.
alogue, -log, re. —
Anal'ogon, re. thing analogousA Anastrophe, a-nas'tro-fi, re. (Rhet.) Inversion of
to some other thing. the natural order of words. [Gr., fr. anastrephein,
Analysis, an-al'IC-sis, re. ; pi. Anai/tses, -sez. reso- A to turn back.]
lution of any thinginto its constituent elements; — Anathema, a-nath'e-ma. re. (Antiq.) An offering to
opp. to synthesis. ((Jhem.) Separation of a compound a deity, hung in a temple a curse pronounced by ;

into its constituents. {Logic.) The tracing of things ecclesiastical authority person or thing anathema-
;

to their source; resolving of knowledge into its orig- tized. [Gr., fr. anatithenai, to dedicate, from ana,
inal principles. {Math.) The resolving of problems up, and tithenai, to set.] —
Anath'ematize, -tlz, v. t.
by reducing them to equations. [Gr. analusis, fr. [anathematized (-tlzd), -matizino.] To denounce
analuein, to unloose.] —Analyst, an'a-list, re. One with curses. —
Anathfi'matiza'tion, re. Act of, etc.
—
who, etc. Analytic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or fond of, Anatine, an'a-tin, a. Pert, to ducks. [L. anas, duck.l
et* — Analytically, adv. — Analytics, re. The Anatomy, a-nat'o-mY, re. Art of dissection science oi :

science of analysis. —
An'alyze, -liz, v. t. [ana- the structure of animal bodies; act of dividing any
lyzed (-llzd), -lyzing.] To separate into component thing, to examine its parts; thing dissected; a skele-
parts to resolve into first principles or elements. — ton. [Gr. ana, up, and te.mnem, to cut.] Ana- —
;

Analyzable -Hz'a-bl, a. —
Capable of being, etc. — tomic, -ical, a. —
An'atomleally, adv. — Anat'o-
An'alyzer. mism, -mizm, re. Application of the principles of
Anamnesis,
re.
an-am-ne'sis, n. Ah anatomy, as in art. —
Anat'omist, re. One who dis-
{Rhet.)
omitted.
tik, a.
A recalling something
— Anamnes'tie, -nes-
Aiding memory. [Gr.
ana, again, and mnesis, remem-
fc

i
m %
sects, oris skilled in, etc.— Anat'omiza'tien, re. Act
of, etc. — Anat'emize, v. t. [anatomized (-mlzd),
-mixing.] To dissect; to lay open the interior struc-
ture of; to analyze.
brance.] Ancestor, an'ses-tSr, re. One from whom a person is
\<fr
Anamorphism, an-a-mor'fizm, re. i descended; forefather; progenitor. [L. antecessor,
A progression from one type to he who goes before.] —
Ances'tress, re. female A
another; anamorphosis. [Gr. ancestor. —
Ancestral, -seslral, a. Relating to, or
ana, again, and morphe, form.] descending from, etc. —
An'cestry, -trT, re. A series
— Anamorphosis, -m6r'fo-sis of ancestors; lineage; birth or honorable descent.
or -m3r-fo'sis, re. {Persp.) A Anchor, ank'e'r, re. An iron instrument for holding
distorted representation of an a vessel at rest in water a firm ;

image on a plane or curved sur- support that which gives stability

;

face, which, viewed from a cer- or security, —v. t. [anchored

tain point, or by reflection from (-erd), anchoring^ (tfaut.) To
a mirror, appears in proportion. place at anchor. To fasten; to fix
(Bot.) A
morbid or monstrous in a stable condition. — v. i. To
development, or change of cast anchor; to come to anchor; to
form, or degeneration. stop; to fix or rest. [L. anchora;
Ananas, a-na'nas, re. The pine- Gr. angkura, angle, a hook.]
fr. —
apple. [Malay, nanaz, ananas.] Anch'orable, a. Fit for anchorage.
Anandrous, an-an'drus, a. {Bot.) — Aneh'orage, Aplace where
-ej, re.

Without stamens. [Gr. a priv. a ship can anchor; the anchor and flukes; rfrf.arms.
and aner, andros, a man.] all necessary tackle for anchoring;
Anapaest, an'a-pest, {Pros.) Anamorphosis. duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor.
" re.
In Greek and Li"
Latin versification, a foot of three syl- — Anch'ored, -5rd, a. (Heraldry.) Shaped as a
ables, the first two short, the last long; in English cross with e-xtremities turned back like flukes of an
versification, a foot having two unaccented syllables, anchor; written also ancred and ancree". Ancn'or- —
followed by an accented one
dactyl.
; —
the reverse of the
[Gr. nnnpaistos, struck back, i. e., a dactyl
gronnd, re. Ground suitable for anchoring.
re. The hold which the anchor takes; security.
hold, — —
reversed or struck baek, fr. anapaiein, to strike back.] -ice, re. Ice at the bottom of streams, and thus anch-
— Anapaestic, -ical, a. ored to the ground ground-ice. smith, re. A
Anaphora, a-nafo-ra, re- {Rhet.) Repetition of words maker of anchors. — ;

At anchor or Riding at anchor,

at the beginning of two or more successive clauses. said of a ship kept from drifting by the anchor. To —
(Med.) Discharge of blood or purulent matter by cast, or drop, anchor. To sink the anchor in the sea
the mouth. [Gr., fr. ana. up, an&pherem, to carry.] to hold the ship from drifting. To cat the anchor. —
Anaphrodisia. an-af'ro-dizh'Y-a, re. Impotence; ab- To draw it up to the cat-head. To fish the anchor. —
sence of sexual appetite. TGr. are priv. and aphro- To raise the flukes by an appliance called a flsh. —
disia, sexual pleasure, Aphrodite, goddess of love.] To shoe ihe anchor. To cover the flukes. To sioeep —
Anaplasty, an'a-plas-tl, (Surg.) The art of re-
re. the anchor. To drag for a lost anchor. To weigh —
storing lost parts or the normal shape. Anaplas'- — anchor. To raise it from the bottom. —Anchor
tlc, a. [Gr. ana, again, and plassein, to form.] comes home when it drags from its hold. Bower —
Anapodeictic. an'a-po-diklik. a. That cannot be anchor. One of medium size, carried at the bow of a
shown; undemonstrable. [Gr. are priv. and apo- ship. — Kedge anchor. One
of small size. Sheet —
deiktikos, demonstrable.] anchor. One of the largest and strongest kind.
Anaptotic, an-ap-totlk, a. ( Gram.) Losing inflec- Anchoret. ank'gr-et, -©rite, -Tt, n. hermit; recluse. A
tion, —
said of languages which lose inflection, as —
Anchoretlc, a. [Gr. anachoretes, fr. ana, back,
the English. [Gr. ana, back, and ptosis, inflection.] and chorein, to retire.] —
Ancb/oress, n. female A
Anarchy, an'ark-T, re. Want of government in soci- hermit.
ety ; confusion. [Gr. anarchos, without head or Anchovy, an- cho'vi, re. A
small sea-fish of the herring

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 , ;

ANCHYLOSE 20 ANGUISH
family. [Sp. anchova ;Biscayan anchuva, drv.] — ik-al, a. —
Angel'ically, adv. —
Angel'icalness, n.
Ancho'vy pear. A West India fruit, — Angelology, -ol'o-jY, n. Doctrine of angelic beings.
knchylose, an'kY-los, v. t. [anchylosed (-lost), [Gr. logos,_d}scourse.~\
-losing.) To unite or fix immovably: stiffen. [Gr. Angel-fish, an'jel-fish, n. A
species of shark, named
angkuloun, to crook, stiffen.] —
Anchylo'sis, n. An from its large wing-like pectoral fins.
immovable condition of a joint. —
Anchylot'ic, a. Anger, an'ger, n. A
strong passion or emotion of
Ancient, an'shent, a. Old; of former times; advanced the mind ; indignation resentment wrath rage.
;

— —
;

m years; pristine; antiquated; obsolete. n. pi. v.t. [angered (-gerd), angering.] To excite to
;

Those who lived in former ages, opp. to the moderns ; anger; to provoke, displease. —
An'gry, -grT, a. In-
very old men. [F. ancien, LL. antianus, fr. L. flamed, as a sore; touched with or showing anger;
ante, before.] —
An'ciently, -IT, adv. In old times. indignant; furious; choleric. —
An'gerly, An'grily,
— An'cientry, -rl, n. The honor of ancient lineage; -gri-ll, adv. [L. angor, strangling.]
gentry; aristocracy. Angina, an-ji'na, n. Inflammation of the throat. [L.]
Ancillary, an'sil-la-f Y, a. Subservient or subordinate, — Angina Pectoris, -pek'to-ris, n. distressing af- A
like a handmaid. [L. ancilla, a female servant.] fection of the chest. [L.]
Ancipital, an-sip'Y-tal, a. (Bot.) Compressed, and Angiography, an-jT-og'ra-fT, w. (Med.) description A
forming two opposite angles, as a stem of blue- of the vessels in the body. [Gr. anggeion, vessel, and
grass. [L. anceps, ancipitis, two-headed, fr. am, for graphe, description.] —
An'gioKo-gy, -ji, n. Trea-
and), on both sides, and caput, head.] tise or discourse on, etc. [Gr. logos, discourse.] An- —
Ancony, an r ko-nY, n. {Iron Works.) A piece of giofomy, -mi, n. Dissection of etc. [Gr. tome, cut- ,

half- wrought iron, bar-shaped in the middle, but un- ting.]

wrought at the ends. [Prob. fr. Gr. angkon, elbow.] Angle, an'gl, n. A corner. q
And, conj. A particle wnich expresses the relation of (Geom.) The difference of
addition, and connects words or sentences. [AS.] direction of two lines in the v
Andante, iin-dan'ta, a. (Mus.) Rather slow; less same plane that meet or tend
slow than largo more slow than allegretto. n. — A to meet in a point; or the dif-
,

movement or piece in andante time. Andantino, — ference of direction of two

-te'no, a. Slow, but quicker than andante. [It.] planes intersecting, or tending E
Andean, an-de'an, Andine, an'din, a. Pert, to the to intersect, each other. Fish-
Andes mountains. ing tackle. — v. i. [angled
C AE, right angle;
Andiron, and'T-um, n. A
utensil for supporting (an'gld), angling.] To fish
CAD, acute angle
wood in a fire-place; a fire-dog. [AS. brand-isen, with line and hook to use
brand-iron, or E. hand-iron or end-iron.] some
;

bait or artifice ; to in- B A E, obtuse an-

gle.
Androgynal, an-droj'Y-nal, -ynous, -nus, a. Having trigue. [Gr. angkulos, bent fr.
both sexes; hermaphroditical; having mental char- angkos, a bend or hollow.] Angle of incidence. —
acteristics of both sexes. (Bot.) Bearing both stam- (Opt.) The angle which a ray of light makes with
iniferous and pistillii'erous flowers. [Gr. androgynos, a perpendicular to that point of the surface of any
fr. aner, man, and gune, woman.] medium on which it falls. —Angle of refraction. The
Android, an'droid, Androi'des, -dez, n. A machine in angle which a ray of light refracted makes with a
human form, which performs motions of a man. — perpendicular to that point on which it falls. A —
An'droid, a. Resembling man. [Gr. aner and eidos, right angle. One formed by a right line falling on
form.] another perpendicularly, or an angle of 90°. An ob- —
Androphagi. an-drofa-ji, n. Man-eaters; anthropo- tuse angle. One greater than a right angle. An —
phagi. —
Androph'agous, -gus. Inclined to canni- acute angle. One less than a right angle. Oblique —
balism. [Gr. aner and phagein, to eat.] angles. Angles that are either acute or obtuse.— Fa-
Anecdote, an'ek-dot, n. A
particular or detached cial angle. See under Face. Visual angle. The —
fact; incident; story; tale. [Gr. anekdotos, not pub- angle formed by two rays of light, or two straight
lished, from an priv. and ekdidonai, to give out.] — lines drawn from the extreme points of an object to
Anecdo'tal, -dofic, -dot'ical, a. Pert, to, etc. the center of the eye. —
An'gler, n. One who fishes
Anemo-dynamometer, an'e-mo-din-a-mom'e-ter, n. An with a hook. (Ichth.) A kind of fish; the fishing-
instrument for frog. —
An'gle-bar. -iron, n. rolled bar of iron A
measuring the of an angular shape, for the edges
force and velocity of iron safes, etc.; or to connect
of the wind. [Gr. the side-plates of iron boilers, etc.
anemos, wind, du- — Angular, an'gu-ler, a. Having
namis, force, and an angle or angles; pointed; form-
metron, measure.] ing an angle sharp and stiff in
;

— A n e m'egraph, character. —
An'gularness, -ler-
-graf, n. An in- ness, Angular'ity, -lar'Y-tY, n.
strument for regis- Anemometer, Quality of being, etc. An'gu- —
tering the force of larly, -ler-lY, adv. With angles; in Angle-iron.
the wind. [Gr. graphein, to write.] Anemog'raphy, — the direction of the angles.— An'-
-ft, n. A
description of the winds. [Gr. graphe, gulated, -la-ted, a. Formed with angles. An'gulose, —
description.]— Anemol'ogy, -jY, n. Doctrine of , or -los, a. Full of angles.
treatise on, etc. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Anemom'- — Anglican, an'glY-kan, a. English; pert, to England.
eter, n. Same as Anemo-dynamometer.— Anemom
/'- — w. A member of the church of England; esp. of
etry, n. Measurement by means of an anemometer. the high-church or ritualistic party. [AS. An-
[Gr. metron, measure.] Anem'oscope, n.— weather- A gles, Engles, L. Angli, the Angles, the English.] —
cock, esp. a contrivance for bringing down the indi- An'glicanism, n. Attachment to England or Eng-
cations of a wind-vane to a dial below. [Gr. skopein, lish institutions, —
esp. to the English church; the
to view.] principles of the English church.— An'glicisn^-sizm,
Anemone, a-nem^o-nY, n. (Bot.) genus of plantsA n. An English idiom or expression. An'glicize, —
of the crowfoot family; wind-flower. [Gr.. fr. an- -siz, v. t. [anglicized C-sizd),-ciziNG.] To render
emos, wind, which strips off its leaves.] comformable to English idiom or analogies. An- —
Aneroid, an'e-roid, o. Dispensing with the use of glo, an'glo. A prefix meaning English. —Anglo-
quicksilver. n. — A
portable barometer, which dis- American. A descendant from English ancestors,
penses, etc. [Gr. a priv.. neros, wet, and eidos. form.] born in America, or pert, to the descendants of Eng-
Anetic. an-et'ik, a. (Med.) Lessening pain; ano- lishmen in America. ma'nia. Excessive rever-
dyne. [Gr. anetikos, relaxing, fr. aneinai, to loosen.] ence for England or English institutions. -Nor- —
Aneurism, an'u-rizm, n. (Anat.) soft tumor, A man. Pert, to the English Normans, or an English
arising from dilatation or rupture of the coats of an Norman. phobia. Fear or hatred of England. —
artery. [Gr. aneunrsma, fr. aneurunein. to widen.] -Saxon. Pert, to the Saxons who settled in England;
Anew, a-mi', adv. Newly; over again; afresh. the language of the English Saxons.
Anfractuous, an-frakt'u-us, a. Winding full of ; Anglice, an'glY-se, adv. In English; in the English
turnings. [L. anfractus, a turning, fr. an for amb manner. [L.]
and frangere.fr actum, to break.] Anfractuos'ity,— Angor, an'gnr, n. Intense bodily pain. [L.]
-tT, n. State of being., etc. Angry. Angrily. See under Anger.
Angel, an'iel, n. A spirit, or spiritual being; an an- Anguilliform, an-gwiKY-form, a. In the form of, or
cient gold coin of England, bearing the figure of an like, an eel. [L. anguilla, eel, and forma, form.]
angel, —a. Resembling, or belonging to, etc. [Gr. Anguish, an'gwish, n. Extreme pain; agony; grief.
anggelos, messenger.] —
Angel'ic, -ical, an-jeK- [L. angustia, fr. angere, to press together.]

inr fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; find, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; »dd, tone, &r;
 ANGULAR 21 ANOTTA
Angular, Angularity. See under Angle. to destroy the form or properties of. [L. ad, to,
Anhelation. an he-la'shun, n. Short breath: difficult —
and nihil, nothing.] Anni'hilable. a. Capable or
respiration. [L. anhelare, to breathe with diffi- being, etc. —
Anni'Mla'tion. n. Aet of or state of ,

cult-.] being, etc. destruction.

: —
Anni hila'tionist, n.
Anhydride, an-hi'drid, n. {Chem.) An oxide of non- (Theol.) One who believes that eternal punish-
metallic bodies, —
which may be formed from an ment consists in annihilation: a destructionist.
acid by abstracting water. —
Anhy'drite. -drit. n. Anni'hilatory. -rT. a. Tending to, etc. destructive. ;

(Mm.) Gypsum which contains no water. An- — Anniversary, an-nY-ver'sa-rT, a. Returning with the
hy'drous, -drus, a. Destitute of water. [Gr. an year at a stated time. n. —
day celebrated eachA
priv. undhudor, water.] year. [L. annus, year, and veriere, to turn.]
an'il, n. (Bot.)
jiil, an'il.
Anil, A
shrub whose leaves and stalks Annomination, an-nom'i-na'shun, n. pun; a para- A
yield indigo. —
Anile, anil, n. dark blue color. A nomasia alliteration. [L. ad and noiuen, a name.]
;

— Aniline, an'i-lin or -fin, n. dyeing material A Annona. an-no'na, n. A

year's production or increase;
obtained from indigo, also from benzole in coal tar. hence, provision s_f or a'year's use. [1,., fr. annus.]
— a. Pert, to dyes made from aniline. [Ar. an-nil, Annotate, an r no-tat, v. i. To make annotations or
the indago plant.] comments. [L. ad and notare, to mark.]— Annota'-
Anile, an'il, a. Old womanish; imbecile. Anil'ity. — tion,-ta'shun, n. A remark, note, or commentary on
-ml-i-tt, An'ileness, -Tl-nes, n. Dotage. [L. anus, old some passage of a book. —
Anno'tatory, -to-rf a. ,

woman.] Containing annotations. An'notator, -ter, n. A—

Animadvert, an'T-mad-verf, v. 1. To turn the mind commentator.
with intent to notice; to consider by way of crit- Annotto, an-not'to, Arnat'to. Arnot'to, n. A yellow-
icism or censure; to remark, comment. " [L. ani- ish-red vegetable dyeing material.
mus, mind, ad, to, and verters, to turn.] — Animad r - Announce, an-nowns"', v. t. [announced (-nownsf),
version, -ver'shun, n. Remarks by way of criti- announcing.] To give first notice of ; to make
cism, etc. ; strictures blame. Animadver'sive, — known, publish, advertise. [L. ad and nundare, to
;

-siv. a. Having the power of perceiving. An'imad- — report, fr. mincius, messenger.] Announce'ment. —
ver'ter. n. n. Act of, etc. declaration. — Announ'cer, n.
;

Animal, an'i-mal, n. An organized living being hav- Annoy, an-noi r , v. t. [annoyed

annoying.; (-noid'),
ing sensation and power of voluntary motion; an To injure or disturb by to incom-
repeated acts
—
;

irrational being, as disting. fr. man. a. Of. or rela- mode, vex, plague. [F. ennuyer, fr. L. in odio, in
ting to. animals; pert, to the merely sentient part of hatred.] — Annoy'ance, n. Act of, or state ol being,
a creature; consisting of the flesh "of animals. [L., etc.: that which annoys. Annoy'er, n. —
f r. anima, breath, soul, animus, mind Gr. anemos, ; Annual, an'u-al, a. Returning or happening every
wind.] — An'imal-flow'er, n. name for some A year; yearly; performed in a year; lasting only one
zoophvtes. —
An'imalism, n. State of mere animals: year or season. — n. A thing'happening yearly; a
brutishness. —
Animal'ity, -T-tl, n. State of animal work published once a year; a plant that lasts but
existence. —
An'imalize. -Tz, v. t. [animalized one year or season. [L. annualis, fr. annus, year.] —
(-Tzd), -IZIVG-] To rive animal life or properties to; An'hually, adv.
to convert into animal matter by assimilation; to ren- Annuity, an-nu'Y-tY, n. A sum of money, payable
der or regard as merely animal: to supply, as a coun- yearly. [LL. ayinuitas, fr. amius.] — Annuitant
try, with animals. —
An'imaliza'tion, "n. Act of, n. One who has an annuity.
etc. Annul, an-nuK, ». t. [annulled (-nuldO, annul-
Animalcule, an-Y-mal'kul. -culum, n. ; pi. -cula, -la. ling.] To make void or of no effect to repeal. ;

An animal invisible, or nearly so, to the naked eye. nullify, set aside. [LL. onnullare, fr. L. ad, to, and
[AnimaicuUe, as if from a Lat. singular animalcula, milium, nothing.] —
Annul 'ment, n. Act of, etc.
is a barbarism.] [L.. dim. of animal.] Animal'- — Annulet, an'u-let. n. A little ring. (Arch.) small A
cular. -culine, -lin, a. Pert, to, etc. Animal'culist, — flat fillet, encircling a column, etc. (Her.) litth A
n. One versed in the knowledge of, etc. circle borne as a charge in coats of arms. [L. an-
Animate, an'T-mat, v. t. To give natural life to to nulus, a ring.]— An'nular, -lary, a. Ring-shaped
enliven, inspire, prompt, incite.— a. Alive. [L. ani-
;

banded or marked with circles, dots, etc. An'nu- —

inare, f r. anima.] —
An'imated, p. a. Endowed with lated.a. Having rings or belts. An'nulose, -los. —
animal life; full of life: spirited; lively. Anima / — '-
a. Furnished with, or composed of, rings.
tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; vivacity; Annumerate, an-nu'mer-at, v. t. To add to a num-
spirit: sprightliness. ber. — Annumeration, -a'shun, n. [L. ad and
Anime. an'Y-mi, n. A resin used to make varnish. [Sp.] numerare, to number.]
Animosity, an'T-mos'i-tY, n. Violent hatred: active Annunciate, an-nun'shT-at, v. t. To announce. [L.
enmity: rancor; malignity. [L. animositas.] ad and nunciare, to report.] — Annuncia'tion, n. Act
Animus^ an'T-mus, n. Intention; spirit temper. [L.] of, etc.a festival, celebrated March 25th, in memory
Anise, an'is, n. A plant bearing aromatic seeds. [Gr.
: ;

of the angel's announcement to the Virgin Mary. —

anison.] Annun'ciator. -ter. n.
Ankle, an'kl, n. The joint which connects the foot Anode, an'od, n. The positive pole of an electric bat-
with the leg. [AS. ancleow, dim. of anke, bent, tery. [Gr. ana, up, and hodos. way.]
neck.] —
Anklet, n. An ornament for the ankle. Anodyne, an'o-dln, n. Medicine which allays pain.
Annals, an'nalz, n. pi. A history of events in chro- — a. Assuaging pain. [Gr. an priv. and odvrie, pain.]
nological order; a series of historical events; an an- Anoint, a-noinf, v.t. lo pour oil upon; to rub with
nual publication. [L. annalii (sc. liber), fr. annus, unctuous substances: to consecrate, by unction to
— smear or daub. \L. in and rmguere, to smear.] —
;

year.] —
An'nalist. n. A writer of annals. An-
nalisx'ic, a. Pert, to, or after the manner of. etc. Anoinfed. n. The Messiah. — Anoint'er, n. —
Annats, an'nats. n. pi. (Eng. Eccl. Law.) The first Anoinfment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
year's profits of a preferment; first-fruits. [L. annus.] Anomaly, a-nom'a-lY, -alism, -lizm, n. Deviation
Anneal, an-neK, v. t. [annealed (-netd'). axxeal- from common rule or analogv; irregularity. (As-
ino.1 To heat nearly to fluidity and then cool tron.) Angular distance of a planet from its perihel-
slowly, to render less brittle to temper. [AS.
; ion, as seen from the sun angle measuring appar-
:

anzelan, to burn, kindle.] To heat, as glass, in ent irregularities in the motion of a planet. [Gr. an,
order to fix colors. [OF. neeler, nieler, to enamel, priv. and homalos, even.] — Anomalist'ic, -ical, a.
LL. nir/ellare, to blacken, L. niger, bl?ek.] Irregular. (Astrqn.) Pert, to the angular distance
Annelata. Annel'ida, An'nelids,
-ellata, an-nel'a-ta, —
of a planet from its perihelion. Anom^alous, -lus,
n. pi. Artieulate animals having bodies formed of a. Abnormal. — Anom^alously. adv.
small rings, as worms. [L. anneVus, a little ring.] Anon, a-non', adv. Quickly; immediately; at an-
Annex, an-neks', v. t. [anxexed (-neksf). axxex- other time: asrain. [AS. on an, in one (moment).]
ixg.] To unite at the end; to affix: to add: to con- —
Ever and anon. Xow and then: frequently: often.
nect, esp. as a consequence, —n. An extension of a Anonymous. an-non'T-mus, ". Wanting a name ;

building a subsidiary building an addition to a without the real name of the author nameless. :

[Gr. an priv. and onoma, name.] — Anon'ymously.

; ;

document. [L. ad and" nectere, nexum, to fasten to-

gether.] — Annexation, -a'shun. Annexion, -nek r - adv. An'onyme. -nim, n. An assumed name — —
shun.n. Act of annexing; addition; union. (Laio.) Anonymity. -nim'T-tT, n. State of being, etc.
Union of property with a freehold, forming a fix- Anorexia, an-o-reks'T-a, An'orexy, n. (Med.) Want
ture. — Annexa'tionist, n. An advocate of. etc.— of appetite. [Gr. an priv. and oreris, desire.]
Annex'ibie, a. That may be, etc. — Annex'ment, n. Another, an-urh'er, a. Not the same; different; on«
Act of, or state of being, etc.: thing annexed. more: anv other. [From an, a, one, and other.]
ite. an-ni'hl-lat, v. t. To cause to cease to be; Anot'ta. See Annotto.

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ANOXJSCKTS 22 ANTHROPOGENY
Anourous, Anurous, an-oo'rus, a. Without tails, as Antelope, an'te-lSp, n. A ruminant quadruped, in
frogs. [Gr. an priv. and oura, tail.] termediate between the deer and
Ansated, an'sa-ted, a. Having a handle. [L. ansa, a goat. [Gr. anthalop$.~\
handle.] Antelucan, an-te-lu'kan, a. Before
Anserine, an'sSr-In, -serous, -us, a. Pert, to, or like a light, —
applied to assemblies ot
goose, or its skin; silly. [L. anser, goose.] the early Christians, held before
Answer, an'sgr, v. t. [answered (-serd), answer- daybreak, to avoid persecution.
ing.] To speak or write in return to; to refute; to [L. ante and lux, light.]
be or act in return to. v. i. —
To make response; to Antemeridian, an / te-me-rid T-an, /,

be accountable, liable, or responsible; to be or act a. Before noon.

in return; to conform; to suit. n. Something — Antemundane, an-te-mun'dan,
said, written, or done, in return; a mathematical so- Before the creation of the world. Antelope.
lution. [AS. andswarian, fr. and, against, and swe- Antenatal, an-te-na'tal, a. Before birth.
rian, to affirm.] —
An'swerable, a. Capable of be- Antenna, an-ten'na, n. ; pi. Anten'NjE, -ne, a. (Zobl.)
ing answered ; obliged to answer ; liable to pay, A movable, articulated org;m of sensation, attached
indemnify, or make good ; responsible ; suitable ; to the heads of insects and Crustacea. [L., sail-
equivalent. —
An'swerableness, n. Quality of be- yard.] —
Anten'nal, a.
ing, etc. — An'swerably, adv. — An'swerer, n. — Antenuptial, a n-te-nup'shal, a. Before marriage.
An'swerless, a. That cannot be answered; having Antepaschal, an-te-pas'kal, a. Before Easter.
no answer. Antepast, an'te-past, n. A foretaste. [L. ante and pa*
Ant, ant, w. An emmet; a pismire. [For amt, a contr. cere, pastum, to feed.]
of E. emmet.] Antepenult, an'te-pe-nult', An'tepenult'i-ma, »,
— Anfbear, (Pros.) The last syllable but two of a word. [L.
-b a r, -eater, ante, psene, almost, and ultimus, last.] An'tepe- —
-et'er, n. An nult'imate, a. Of, or pert, to, etc.
animal that Antephialtic, ant'ef-T-aKtik, a. (Med.) Preventing
feeds upon nightmare, f Gr. anti and ephialtes, nightmare.]
ants. - -eggs, Anterior, an-te'rT-or, a. Before in time or place; for-
n. pl.The iar- mer; foregoing. [L. compar. of ante, before.] Ante'- —
vse of ants, riorly, adv. —
Anteriority, -or'l-tl, n. Precedence.
which are in- Anteroom. See Antechamber.
cased in sacs Anthelion, ant-hel'yun, n. ; pi. Anthel'fa, -I-a. A
resembling luminous appearance on a cloud opposite the sun.
eggs. — -hill, [Gr. anti, over against, and helios, sun.]
n. A nest of Anthelmintic, an-thel-min'tik, a. (Med.) Destroy-
ants. Anteater. ing or expelling worms, n. —
vermifuge. [Gr. A
Antacid, ant-as'id.Antiac'icLn. (Med.) A remedy for anti, against, ana helmins, helminthos, worm.]
acidity of the stomach, as an alkali or absorbent. Anthem, an'them, n. Church musie adapted to pas
Antagonist, an-tag'o-nist, n. One who contends with sages from the Scriptures; a motet. [Gr. antiphona,
another; adversary; opponent. [Gr. antagonizesthai, fr. anti and phone, sound.]
and agon, contest.] Antagonistic,
f r. anti, against, — Anthemorrhagic, ant'hem-or-raj'ik, a. (Med.) Tend-
-ical, a. —
An'tagonist'ically, adv. Antagonism, — ing to stop hemorrhage. [Gr. anti, haima, blood,
-nizm, n. Opposition of action counteraction or and rhegnunai, to burst.]
—
;

contrariety of things or principles. Antagonize, Anther, another, w. (Bot.) That part of the stamen
-niz, v. t. To act in opposition; to contend. containing the pollen. [Gr. anthe-
Antalgic, an-taKiik, a. Alleviating pain. [Gr. anti ros, flowery, fr. anthos, flower.] —
and algos, pain.J An'theral, a. Pert, Anther-
to, etc. —
Antanaclasis, an-tan'a-kla'sis, n. (Rhet.) A play iferous, -gr-us, a. Producing, etc.
upon words; repetition of words beginning a sen- [L. ferre, to bear.] —
Anther'iform, e&
tence, after a parenthesis. [Gr., fr. anti and anakla- -ther'Tr-form, a. Having the form of,
sis, a bending back and breaking.] etc. [Li. forma, form.]
Antanagoge, an-tan'a-go'jT, n. (Rhet.) reply to an A Anthesis, an-the'sis, n. (Bot.) The
adversary by recrimination. [Gr. anti and anagoge, opening of a flower. [Gr. bloom, fr.
a leading up.] anthos, flower.] — Anthog'raphy, n.
Antaphrodisiae, ant'af-ro-diz'Y-ak, a. (Med.) Less- Description of flowers. [Gr. graph-
ening venereal desire. —
n. Anti-venereal medicine. ein, to write.] — AnthoKogy, n. A
[Gr. anti, against, and aphrodisiakos. venereal, fr. discourse on flowers; collection of
Aphrodite, Venus, goddess of love.] Ant'aphro- — flowers a collection of beautiful
;

dific, a. Abating venereal appetite efficacious passages from authors. [Gr. legein,
—
;

against venereal disease. n. A medicine which, etc. to gather.] —

Antholog'ical, -loj'-
Antarctic, ant-ark'tik, a. Opposite to the northern ik-al, a. — An'thoid, a. Resembling
or arctic pole; relating to the southern pole or to a flower. [Gr. eidos, form.]
the region near it. f Gr. anti and arktos, bear, the Anthony's Fire, an'to-niz -fir, n. The
constellation called Northern Bear.] erysipelas.
Antarthritic, ant'ar-thrifik, a. Counteracting gout. Anthracite, an'thra-slt, n. A hard dd, filaments;
— n. Aremedy for, etc. [Gr. anti and arthritis, mineral coal. [Gr. anthrax, coal.] ee, anthers. —
gout.] Anthracific, a. Pert, to, etc. —
An'thracene, -sen,
Antecede, an-te-sed', v. t. To go before in time. [L. -cine, -sin, n. (Chem.) A
solid hydrocarbon pro-
ante, before, and cedere, to go.] Antece'dence, — duced in distilling coal-tar; paranaphthaline. An- —
-dency, n. Act or state of, etc. precedence. Ante- — thracom'eter, n. A
machine for determining the
cedent, a. Going before prior previous.
;
;

n. ;
— amount of carbonic acid. [Gr. metron, measure.] —
That which, etc.; pi. the earlier events of one's life. Anthrac'onite, n. Marble which takes a coal-black
( Gram.) The noun to which a relative refers. luster when polished.
(Logic.) The first of two propositions in an enthy- Anthropogeny, an-thro-poj'e-nY, n. The development
meme; the first and conditional part of a hypothet- ot man. [Gr. anthropos, man, and genos, birth.] —
ical proposition. (Math.) The first of two terms Anthrepog'raphy, n, (Phys. Geog.) The distribu-
of a ratio. —
Antecedently, adv. Previously. An- — tion of the human race. [Gr. graphe, description.]
tecessor, -ser, n. One who goes before; a leader; — An'thropoid, a. Resembling man. [Gr. eidos,
one who possessed land before the present possessor. appearance/] —
Anthrop'olite, ». petrification A
Antechamber, an'te-cham'ber, An'teroom, -room, n. of the human body. [Gr. lithos, stone.] Anthro- —
A room leading to the chief apartment. pology, -jT, n. The natural history of the human
Antecommunion, an'te-com-mun'yun, n. The part species ; science of man, considered in his entire
of the Anglican liturgy which precedes the conse- nature. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Anthropometry, —
cration of the elements in the communion. n. The art of measuring the human body. [Gr.
Antecursor, an'te-kSr'ser, n. forerunner. A metron, measure.] —
An'thropomor'phism, -m6r r-
Antedate, an'te-dat, n. A
date before the true time. fizm, ». Representation of the Deity as having hu-
— i\ t. To date before the true time; to anticipate; man form or attributes. —An'thropomor'phite, -fit*
to take before the true time. n. A believer in, etc. —
Anthropomorphous, -fus, a.
Antediluvial, an'te-dl-lu'vT-al, Antedilu'vlan, a. Be- Resembling a man. [Gr. morji/ie, form.] An'thro- —
fore the deluge. —
Antedilu'vian, n. One who lived po'path'ical, a. Subject to human passions. An'- —
before the flood. [L. ante and diluvium, deluge.] thropop'athism, -pop'athy, -thl, n. Ascription of

am, fane, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd. eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, 6r ;
 ANTIACID 23 ANY
human passions to the Supreme Being. [Gr. pathos, ty. (Med.) Unfavorable to healing; preventing
affection, passion.] — An'thropoph'agi, -pof'a-jl, re. granulation. [Gr. plastikos, fr. plassein, to form.]
) pi. Man-eaters; cannibals. —
Anthropoph'agy, -jY, Antipode,_ anlY-pod, re.; pi. Antipodes, -podz or
re. Cannibalism. [Gr. pfiagein, to eat.] Anthropot'- — -tip'5-dez. One of those who live on opposite sides
omy, re. The anatomy, or dissection, of the human of the globe, and whose feet are directly opposite.
body. [Gr. temnem, to cut.] [Gr. antipous, ir.j>ous,podos, foot.] —
Antip'odal, a.
Antiacid. See Antacid. Antipope, an'tY-pop, n. One who usurps the popedom.
Antic, an'tik, a. Odd fanciful ; fantastic ; ludi- Antiprelatical, an'tY-pre-latlk-al, a. Adverse to pre-
crously wild. — n.
;

A buffoon odd appearance.

;
— lacy.
An'ticly, adv. [From antique.} Antique, an-tek', a. Old; ancient; of old fashion;
Anticathode, an'tr-kath'od, n. (Phys.) The part of made in imitation of antiquity. re. —
Anything
a vacuum tube opposite the cathode. very old; a remnant of antiquity; relic. [F., L.
Antichrist, anlY-krist, re. An adversary of Christ; antiguus, fr. ante, before.] —
Antique'ness, re. —
the man of sin. — Antichristian, -kris'chun, re. An Antio/uity, -tik'wY-tY, re. Ancient tunes, or their
opposer of Christianity. —
a. Opposing, etc. people great age. pi. Remains of, etc. Antiqua- —
—
;

Anticipate, an-tis'Y-pat, v. t. To take or do before rian, -kwalY-an, a. Pert, to antiquity. re. An anti-

another, so as to prevent him; to take up beforehand, quary. — Antiqua'rianism, n. Love of, etc. —Anti-
or before the proper time to foresee
; to expect. quary, One versed in, etc. — An'tiquate, -kwat,
re.

fii. ante, before, and capere, to take.] Anticipa- —

;

v. t. To make obsolete, old, or void. — Antiquated,

tion, -pa'shun, re. Act of, etc.; previous view or p. a. Grown old, or out of fashion; out of use.
impression; foretaste; preconception; forethought. Antisabbatarian, an / tY-sab / b3-ta /'rY-an,o. Opposed to
— Anticipative, -t.is'Y-pa-tiv, a. — Anticipator,
re. the observance of the Sabbath. re. One who, etc. —
—Anticipatory, a. Taking before time. Antiscians, an-tish/Y-anz, Antiscii, -tish'Y-I, re. pi.
Anticlimax, an-tl-kli'maks, n. A sentence in which (Geog.) Dwellers on different sides of the equator,
the ideas fall, or become less important, at the close. whose shadows* at noon are cast in contrary direc-
[Gr. anti, and klimax, staircase, fr. klinein,to slope.] tions. [Gr. anti, opposite, and skia, shadow.]
Anticlinal, an-tT-kli'nal, a. Marking inclination in op- Antiscorbutic, an'tY-skSr-bulik, -bu'tical, a. {Med.)
posite directions. —
re. The crest-line from which Counteracting scurvy.
strata dip in opposite directions; the anticlinal axis. Antiscriptural, an-tY-skrip / ch6t>r-al, a. Not accordant
[Gr. anti and Ktlncin.] with Scripture.
Antidote, an'tT-dot, n. That which tends to counter- Antiseptic, an-tY-seplik, a. Opposing putrefaction.
act poison, etc.— Antidotal, -dot leal, a. Anti- n. —
A substance which
/
—resists or corrects, etc.
do'tally, -dotlcally, adv. [Gr. untidoton, fr. dido- Antislavery, an-tY-:da 'ver-Y, a. Opposed to slavery.
nai, to give.] Antisocial, an-tT-so'shal, a. Adverse to society or
Antifebrile, un-tY-feblil or -fe'bril, a. Abating fever, hostile to its existence.
—re. A medicine to cure fever.
r
Antispasmodic. an / ti-bpaz-mod' ik, Antispastic, an-tt-
Antigalactic, an'tY-ga-laklik, a. Diminishing the spaslik, a. {Med.) Causing a revulsion of fluids or
secretion of milk. [Gr. gala, galaktos, milk.] humors; counteracting spasm. [Gr. antispasis, a
Antilithic, an-tY-lithlk, a. Preventive of stone in drawing back, fr. span, to draw.]
the bladder. [Gr. Uthos, stone.] Antisplenetic, an'tY-sple-nefik, a. Counteracting
Antilyssic, an-tY-lis'sik, a. Used to counteract hydro- diseases of the spleen.
phohia. [Gr. lussa, rage, madness.] Antistrophe, an-tislro-fY, re. (Rhet.) Repetition of
Antimacassar, an'tY-ma-kas'sSr, re. cover to pro-A words in an inverse order; the turning^of an adver-
tect chairs, etc., from dirt. [From Macassar hair- sary's plea against him. (Anc. Lyric Poetry.) Part
oil.] of a song or dance, around the altar, performed by
Antimason. an'tY-ma'sn, re. One opposed to Freema- turning from left to right, in o/>p. to the strophe,
sonry. — Antima'sonry, re. Opposition to, etc. which was from right to left; the stanza of an ode
Antimonarchic, an'tY-mo-narklk, -ical, a. Opposed following the strophe. Antistrophic, -strof Ik, a. —
to monarchy. Pert, to, etc. [Gr. strophe, a turning.]
Antimony, anIY-mo-nY, re. A whitish, brittle metal Antithesis, an-tith'e-sis, n. ; pi. -uses, -sez. (Rhet.)
used in medicine and the arts. [LL. antimonium.] An opposition of words or sentiments in the same
— Antimo'nial, a. Of or pert, to, etc. re. —
A prep- sentence; contrast; anything directly opposed to an-
aration of, etc. other. [Gr., fr. thesis, a setting.]— Antithetic, -thet'-
Antinomy, anIY-no-mY or -tin'o-mY, n. Opposition of ik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Antithet- —
one law or rule to another; a thing contrary. [Gr. ically, adv.
anti and nomos, law.] —
Antino'mian, re. (Eccl. Hist.) Antitoxic, an'tY-tQkslk, a. Counteracting poison. —
One of a sect said to maintain, that, under the gospel An'titox'in, re. substance (sometimes the A
product
dispensation, the moral law is of no obligation, —a. of a micro-organism and sometimes naturally present
Pert, to, etc. — Antinc'raianism, n. Tenets of, etc. hi an animal), capable of counteracting or produ-
Antipapal, an-tY-pa'pal, -papistic, -ical, a. Opposing cing immunity from certain diseases.
the papacy or popery. Antitrades, an'tY-tradz, re. The higher winds in the
Antipathy, an-tip'a-thY, re. Aversion at the presence tropics, which blow in a direction contrary to the
of a particular objeet dislike contrariety. {Nat.
; ; trade winds.
Phil.) A contrariety in the properties or affections Antitrinitarian, an'tY-trinl-talY-an, a. Opposing
—
of matter. [Gr. pat/ws, suffering, affection.] An'- —
the doctrine of the Trinity. An'trtrin'ita'rianism,
tipathetlc, -ical, a. Having, or produced by, etc. re. Opposition to, etc.
Antiperiodic, an'tY-pe'rY-odlk, a. (Med.) Preventing Antitype, anlY-tip, re. That which is prefigured by
the return of intermittent diseases. the type; thus the paschal lamb was a type of which
Antipestilential, an'tY-pes'tY-len'shal, a. Counteract- Christ is the antitype. Antityplcal, -tip'Y-kal, a. —
ing infection. Pert, to, etc. explaining a type. Antityplcally,
;
—
Antipharmic, an'tY-f ar'mik, a. Destroying the effect adv.
of poison. [Gr. pharmakon, poison.] Antler, antler, re. A deciduous growth of bone on
Antiphlogistic, an'tY-flo-jislik, a. ( Chem^ Opposed the head of a cervine animal, resembling horns in
to the doctrine of phlogiston. {Med.) Counteracts cattle. [OF. antoiUier, prob. fr. 1.. ante, before.J —
ing inflammation. —n. Medicine or diet which, etc. Antlered, -lerd, a. Having, etc.
[Gr. phlogizein, to burn.] Antonomasia, an'to-no-ma'zY-a, re. Use of a proper
Antiphon, anlY-fon, Antiphony, -tif 'o-nY, re. {Mus.) name for an appellative, as "a Cicero" for a great
An anthem or psalm sung in alternate parts; a re- orator; conversely, the use of a name denoting rank, "
sponse. — Antipn'onal, Antiphonlc, -phonlcal, a. office, etc., for him who holds it, as " his majesty
— Antiph'onal, n. A book of antiphons or anthems. for the king. [Gr., fr. anti, instead, and onomazein,
[Gr. antiphonos, fr. phone, voice.] to name.] An'tonomas'tically, adv. —
Antiphrasis, an-tif'ra-sis, re. {Rhet.) Use of words in Anus, alius, n. The lower orifice of the bowels. [Li.J
a sense opposite to their proper meaning; ironv. —
Anvil, an'vil, re. An iron block, upon which metala
Antiphrastic, -fraslik, -tical, a. Antiphraslic- — are hammered and shaped. [AS. onfilt, anfilte, fr.
ally, adv. [Gr. anti and phrazein, to speak.] ore and fyllan, to strike down.] .

Antiphthisic, an'tY-tizIk, a. Relieving or curing Anxious, ank'shus, a. Greatly concerned or sohcu

phthisis. [Gr. phthisis, consumption.] tous, esp. about something uncertain; accompanied
Antiphysic, an-tY-fizIk, a. Contrary to nature; un- with anxiety; disturbed; uneasy. [L. annus, fr.
natural. [Gr. phusiSj nature.] —
{Med.) Relieving angere, to torture.] —Anxiously, adv. Anxloua- —
flatulence; carminative. [Qr. phusan, to inflate.] ness, Anxi'ety, ang-zi'e-tY, re. State of being, etc.
Anaplastic, an-tY-plas'tik, a. Diminishing plastici Any, en'Y, a. One out of many, indefinitely; some;
sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — ; ;

AONIAN 24 APOSTLE
an indefinite number or quantity. — adv. To any Apices. See Apex.
extent ; at all. [AS. anig, senig, fr. an, ein, one.] Apiece, a-pes' adv. To each; each by itself.
— An'ybody, Any
one person out of
;

case; at any rate.

-bod-Y, >i.
many a person of importance.
wise, adv.— how, adv. In any
In any degree.
— Aplanatic, ap-lan-atlk, a. Free from spherical aber-
ration, —
said of lenses. [Gr. a priv. and planasthai.
—
-where, -whar, adv. In any place.
-hwitb/Sr, adv. To any place.
whither, — to wander.] Aplan'atism, -tizm, n.
Aplomb, a'ploN, n. Assurance; self-possession.
a, to, and plomb, lead; perpendicularity.]
[F
Aonian, a-o'nY-an, a. Pert, to the Muse6, or to Aonia. Apnoea, ap-ne'a, Want
of breath; suffocation.
n.
Aorist, a'o-rist, n. (Gram.) A tense in Greek, which [Gr. a priv. and pnein,
to breathe.]
expresses an action as completed in indeterminate Apocalypse, a-pok'a-lips, n. Revelation; disclosure;
past time. [Gr. aoristos, fr. a priv. and horos, limit.] the last book in the Bible. [F., Gr. apokalupsis, fr
— Aoristlc, a. Pert, to, etc.; indefinite. apo and kaluptein, to cover.] Apoc'alyp'tic, -lyp'- —
Aorta, a-6r1a, n. The great artery from the heart. tical, a. Containing or pertaining to, etc. Apoc'- —
—
Gr. aorte, fr. aeirein, to lift.] Aort'al, -ic, a. Pert, alyp'tically, adv.
|

to, etc. —
Aortilis, n. {Med.) Inflammation of, etc. Apocope, a-pok'o-pe, n. The
cutting off of the last
Apace, a-pas', adv. Quickly; nastily; fast. letter or syllable of a word. [Gr., fr. apo. from, and
Apagoge, ap-a-go'je, n. (Logic.) The proving a koptein, to cut.] — Apoc'opate, v. t. To cut off,
tiling indirectly by showing the impossibility of the etc.
contrary thing. [Gr.. fr. apagein, to lead away.] — Apocrypha, a-pok'rY-fa, n. pi. Books whose inspira-
Apagogical, -gojlk-at, a. Proving by, etc. tion is denied, and which are excluded from the
Apart, a-part', adv. Separately; aside; in a state of canon of the Scripture. [Gr. apo and kruptein. to
separation, exclusion, or of distinction; in two or hide.] —
Apoc'ryphal, -fat, a. Pert, to, etc. not ;

mare parts; asunder. [F. apart, aside; L. ah or o,
from, and parts, partis, a part.] Apart'ment, n.
A room in a building or house.
Apathy, ap'a-thY, n. Want, or a low degree, of feel-
ing; indifference; unconcern. [Gr. apatheia, fr. a
canonical; of uncertain credit; spurious. — Apoc'-
— ryphally, adv. — Apoc'ryphalness, n.
Apode, ap'od, n. An animal that has no feet; a fish
having no ventral fins.— Ap'odal, a. [Gr. a priv.
and ports, podos, foot.] '

pnv. and pathos, suffering.] Apathetic, a. —Ap- — Apodeictic, ap-o-diklik, Apodeic'tical, also Apodic'-
athetically, adv. —
Ap'athist, n. One who is, etc. tic, -dYk-tik, Apodidical, a. Evident beyond con-
Ape, ap, n. A quadrumanous mammal having teeth tradiction. [Gr. apo and deiknunai, to show.]
like man, and neither tail nor Apodosis, a-pod'o-sis, n. (Gram.) The consequent
cheek pouehes; one who imi- clause or conclusion in a conditional sentence, ex-
tates servilely, like the ape; pressing the result. [Gr., fr. apo, from, back again,
a dupe. —
v. t. [aped (apd), a and didonai, to give.]
aping.) To imitate servilely; | Apogee, ap'o-je, n. (Astron.) The point in the orbit
to mimic. [AS. apa, Skr. kapi.~] ^ of the moon most distant from the earth. [Gr. apo,
— Ap'er, n. One who. etc. — ^ from, and gaia, ge, earth.] Apoge'a —
Ap'ery, n. Practice of, etc — 1 Apology, a-poro-jY, n. Something said cor written in
Apish, a. Having the quali- defense or justification; expressed regret for some
ties of an ape; inclined to imi- in iurious remark or act; excuse; anything provided
tate; foppish; affected; tri- Ape. by way of substitute a makeshift. [Gr. apologia,
fling; insignificant. —
Aplshly, adv.
Aplshness, — fr. apt and legein, to speak.]
;

Apologetic, -jetlk, —
n. Mimicry; foolery; foppery. -getlcal, a. Excusatory or defensive. Apologet'- —
Apeak, a-pek', adv. On the point; in a posture to ics, n. (Theol.) The defense of the Scriptures,
pierce. (Naut.) Perpendicular. and evidence of their divine authority. Apd'o- —
Apepsy, a-pep'sT, n. (Med.) Defective digestion; gist, -jist, n. One who makes an apology. Apolo- —
indigestion. [Gr. apejitos, undigested.] gize, -jiz, v.i. [apologized (-jizd), -gizing.] To
Aperient, a-pe'rY-ent, a. (Med.) Having the quality make, etc. —
Ap'ologue, -log, n. moral fable. [Gr. A
of opening; laxative. n. Laxative medicine. [L. apologos, tale, fr. apo and logos, speech.]
aperire, apertum, to open.] —Aperitive, -pfirl-tiv, a. Aponeurosis, ap'o-nu-ro'sis, n. ; pi. -roses, -ro'sez.
Deobstruent aperient. ; —
Aperture, ap'er-chcibr, n. (Anat.) A
membrane connecting a muscle and a
An opening through solid substance; a hole. tendon, or surrounding a muscle. [Gr.] Aponeu- —
Apetalous, a-pefal-us, a. (Bot.) Having no petals. rotic, a. —
Aponeurot'omy, n. Dissection of, etc.
Apex, a'peks, n. ; pi. A'pexes; L. pi. ApIces, ap'Y- [Gr. apo, neuron, tendon, and tome, a cutting.]
sez. Thetop, tip, or summit of any thing. [L.] — Apophlegmatic, ap'o-fleg-matlk, a. (Med.) Exciting
Apical, a. Pert, to, etc. —
Apic'ulate, a. Pointed. discharges of phlegm or mucus from the mouth or
Apharesis, Apheresi3, a-ier'e-sis, n. (Gram.) The nostrils. [Gr. apo and pJdegma.]
taking of a letter or syllable from the beginning of Apophthegm, ap'o-them. See Apothegm.
a word. [Gr. apo, from, and hairein, to take.] Apoplexy, ap'o-plek-sY, n. A disease characterized
Aphasia, ai-a'zhY-a, Aphasy, afa-zY, n. (Med.) Loss by sudden loss of sense and voluntary motion, usu-
of the power of speech, or of memory of words, with- ally caused by pressure on the brain. [Gr. apo, from,
out loss of intelligence or injury to the vocal organs. away, and plessein, to strike.] Apoplec'tic, -plec'- —
[Gr. a priv. and phanai, to speak.] Apha r sic, a. — tical, a. Of, pert., or predisposed to, etc.
Pertaining to, or affected by, etc. Aposiopesis, a-po'sY-o-pe'sis, n. (Rhet.) An abrupt
Aphelion, a-fel'yun, a. ; pi. Aphelia, -felY-a. (As- breaking off, as if the speaker was unable or un-
tron.) That point of a planet's or comet's orbit willing to say what he had in mind. [Gr. apo, from,
most distant from the sun, the opposite point being and siopan, to be silent.]
the perihelion. [Gr. apo, from, and helios, sun.] Apostasy, a-pos'ta-sl, n. Total desertion of one's faith,
Aphis, a'fis, n. ; pi. Aphides, afY-dez. (Entom.) principles, or paj-ty. [Gr. apostasia, fr. apo and stenai,
The vine-fretter, or plant-louse. [NL.] Aphidiv- — to stand.] —
Apos'tate, -tat, n. One who has for-
orous, af-Y-div'er-us, a. Feeding on the aphis, as the saken, etc. —
a. False, renegade. Apos'tatize, tiz, —
lady-bug. [L. vorare, to devour.] v.i. [-tatized (-tizdO, -tizing.] To abandon, etc.
Aphony, afo-nY, n. (Med.) Loss of voice. [Gr. o Aposteme, ap'os-tem, n. An abscess ; a sore filled
priv. and phone, voice.] with purulent matter. [Gr. apostema, fr. apo and
Aphorism, afo-rizm, n. A
precept or principle ex- histemai, to stand.] —
Aposlemate, -mat, v. i, T«
pressed m
a few words; axiom; maxim: adage. [Gr. form into, etc. —
Apostematous, -tem'a-tus, a.
aphorismos, fr. apo and horos, a boundary.] Apb/- — A posteriori, a pos'te-rY-oli. (Logic.) Reasoning a
orist, n. A
writer of, etc. —
Aphoristic, -istlcal, a. posteriori derives propositions from observation of
—
Having the form of, etc. Aphoristlcally, adv. facts, or principles and definitions from general-
Aphrodisiac, af-ro-dizl-ak, a. (Med.) Excitingvene- izations from facts, or infers causes from effects ;
—
real desire. [Gr. aphrodisiakos, fr. Aphrodite, Ve- the reverse of a priori. (Philos.) Knowledge a pos-
nus, the goddess of love.] teriori is derived from facts through induction or
Aphthong, aflhong or aplhong, n. letter or com- A experiment. [L.]
bination of letters having no sound. [Gr. a priv. Apostle, a-pos'sl, n. A person sent forth to execute
and phthongos, sound.] some important business one of the twelve disci- ;

Aphyllous, afll-lus or a-fillus, a. (Bot.) Destitute ples of Christ sent forth to preach the gospel. [Gr.
of leaves. [Gr. a priv. and phutton, leaf.] apostolos, fr. apo and stellem, to send.j AposUe- —
Apiary, a'pY-a-rY, n. A place where bees are kept ship, n. The office, etc. Apos'tolate, -to-lat, n.—
bee-house. [L. apiarium, fr. apis, bee.] A'pianst, — Mission ; apostleship. —
Apostolic, -tollk, -icaL
n. —
One who keeps, etc. Apicul'ture, -chot>r, n. a. Pert, to an apostle or to the apostles, their times,
Rearing of bees. [L. cultnra, cultivation.] spirit, or doctrines. —
Apostollcally, adv. pot- —A
am, fame, far, pass &>• opera, fare ; find, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 APOSTROPHE 25 APPRAISE
tol'icism, -sizm, -tolieity, -lis'T-tt, n. State or qual- Hanging; annexed. — Appendicitis, ap-pend'T-al''-
ity of being apostolical. tis, n.(Med.) Inflammation of the appendix. Ap- —
Apostrophe, a-pos'tro-fl, n. (Rhet.) A turning away pendlcle, -t-kl, n. A small appendage. — Appen-
from the real auditory, and addressing an imaginary dicular, a. Pert, to, etc. esp. (Ann/.) said of ;

one. (Gram.) Contraction of a word by omitting parts of the skeleton attached to the axial column,
letters; the mark ['] denoting contraction. [Gr., fr. as the limbs. —
Appendic'ulate, -lat, «. (Hot) llav-
—
apo and strophe, a turning.] Apostrophic, -strof 'ik, ing an appendage, as a leaf with lobes attached to
a. Pert, to, etc. —
Apostropb/ically, adv. Apo3 /'- —
thepetiole. —
Append'ix, n. ; pi. -ixes L. pi. -ices, ;

tropbize. -fiz, v. [-PHIZED (-t l/.d), -PHIZlXG.j To -T-sez. Something added a concomitant literary ; ;

address by apostrophe; to contract by omitting, etc. matter added to a book. (Anat.) slender blind A
Apothecary, a-poth'e-ka-rl, a. One who prepares process of the caecum in man and some animals; —
drugs for medicinal use. [Gr. apotheke, repository.] called also vermiform appendix.
Apothegm, Apophthegm, ap'o-them, n. A
short, pithy, Apperception, ap-per-sep'shun, n. (Metaph.) Per-
and instructive saying a precept maxim. [Ap-
; ; ception that reflects upon itself; self-consciousness.
othegm is now the prevalent spelling.] [Gr. apo- [F., fr. L. ad and_perciperc, -ceptum, to perceive.]
phthegma, fr. apo and phthengomai, to speak plainly.] Appertain, ap-per-tan'. v. i. [-tained (-tand'), -tain-
— Ap'othegmafic, -ical, a. In the manner of, etc. ing.] To belong, relate. [L. ad and peHinere, to
— Apotheg'matist, n. A
collector or maker of, etc. pertain.] —
Appurtenance, n. That which, etc.; an
Apethem, ap'o-them, n. (Math.) The perpendicular adjunct. —
Appur'tenant, a. Belonging to by right.
from the center to a side of a regular polygon. [Gr. Appetence, ap'pe-tens, -tency, n. Strong natural de-
apo and thema, fr. tiihenai, to place.] sire; sensual appetite; tendency to seek or select.
Apotheosis, ap-o-the'o-sis, n. Act of elevating a [L. appetentia, f r. ad and petere, to seek.] Ap'pe- —
mortal to the rank of the gods. [Gr., fr. apo, away tent, a. Very desirous. Ap'petite, -tit, n. Desire —
(from mortals), and theos, god.] —
Apothe'osize, -slz, of gratification; esp. desire for food or drink. Ap'- —
_t. To deify. petize, -tlz, v. i. To create or whet, an appetite.
Apozem, ap'o-zem, n. {Med.) A deeoction. [Gr. Applaud, ap-plawd', v. t. or i. To praise by clapping
fr. apo and zeia, to boil.] the hands, acclamation, etc.; to commend; extol; cry
Appall, ap-pawl r , v. t. [appalled (-pawld'), appal- up magnify. [L. ad and plau-lere, to clap the
ling.] To depress with fear; daunt, terrify, v. i. hands.] — ;

—
Applaud'er, Applause, -pl-awz', ?i. Act of
To occasion fear. [E. and W. pall, fr. W. pallu, applauding; approbation publicly expressed; com-
to fail; fr. same root as fail, fall. \ —
Appal'ment, n. mendation. Applausive, -plaw'siv, a. —
— Appallingly, adv. Apple, ap'pl, n. well-known tree and its fruit; the A
Appanage, ap'pan-aj, n. Land assigned by a sovereign pupil of the eye. [AS. seppelA Ap'ple-blight. —
prince t© his younger sons; means of sustenance. -blit, n. The aphis, or plant-louse. -bran 7 dy, —
[F. apanage^ fr. L. ad, to, and panis, bread.] Ap- —
-jack, n. Brandy made from, etc. but'ter, n.
pan'agist, -jist, n. One who receives, etc. Cider apple-sauce boiled down to the consistency of
*s aratus, ap-pa-ra'tus, n. ; pi. -ratus or -ratuses.
_ lings provided as means to some end; a set of im-
plements. [L., fr. ad and parare, to make ready.]
butter. galls, -gawlz, n. pi.
name for Dead Sea apples. Apple of discord.
subject of contention or jealousy.
The commercial
A. of the eye.
—
—
A
Apparel, ap-par'el, n. Covering
— for the body clothing; The pupil. A. of Sodom.
; Fruit beautiful —without,
raiment; vestment. v. t. [appareled o/--elled but composed of dust and ashes.
(-eld), -eling or -elling.] To dress; to cover with Applique, ap-plek', a. Having a pattern which has
something ornamental; to embellish. [F. apareil.] been cut out and transferred to another foundation,
Apparent. See under Appear. as in a kind of lace. [F. appliquer, to put on.]
Appeal, ap-pel', n. (Law.) Removal of a cause or suit Apply, zp-pW, v. t. [applied (-plld'), -plying.] To
to a superior judge or court for reexamination or lay or place; to put, Dring, or carry; to use for a par-
review right of appeal a summons to answer to a
; ; ticular purpose; to engage and employ diligently. —
charge. A
call for proof or decision, or to grant a v. i. To suit or to agree; to have recourse. [L. appli-
favor; resort; recourse. —
v. i. [appealed (-peld r ), care, fr. ad and plicare, to hold.] —Applicable, a.
-pealing.] (Law.) To remove a cause, etc. To re- Capable of being applied. Appli'ably, adv. — —
fer to another; to call on for aid. v. t. —
(Law.) To Appli'ance, n. Act of applying, er thing applied;
remove, etc.; to charge with a crime; to accuse. instrument or means. Applicable, a. Capable or —
[L. appellare, appellatum, fr. ad and pellere, to fit to be, etc suitable. Ap'plicably, adv. ;Ap'- — —
drive.]— Appeasable, a. Capable of being, etc. pUcabiSity, Ap'plicableness, n. Quality of being, "y
Appellant, -petulant, n. One who appeals. Ap- etc. —
Ap'plicant, n. One who, etc. a pi — petitioner,
perlate, -lat, a. Belonging to, or having cognizance Ap'plicate, a. Applied —
pplied to some use. Applicat-
Applica'
;

—
of, appeals. —
Appellation, n. Name by which one ion, n. Act of applying or laying on, in a literal
is called; title; address. —
Appel'lative, -tiv, a. Pert. sense; the thing applied; act of making request; act
to a common name.— n. A
common, as distinguished of fixing the mind; intenseness of thought. Ap'"- —
from a proper, name. —
Appel'latively, adv. Ap- —
plicative, -tiv, -catory, -to-rt, a. Applying.— n. That
pellatory, a. Containing an appeal.— Appellee ', 1
which applies.
n. (Law.) The defendant in, etc.; one who is ap- Appoggiatura, ap-pod'ja-too'ra, n. (Mus.) A passing
pealed, or prosecuted, by a private man for a crime. tone preceding an essential tone or an accented part
— Appellor, -16r', n. One who institutes an appeal, of a measure. [It.]
or prosecutes another for crime. Appoint, ap-point', o. t. To fix; to establish; to consti-
Appear, ap-per', v. i. [appeared (-perd'), appear- tute, prescribe, allot, assign, equip. — v. i. To deter-
ing.] To come or be m
sight; to become manifest;' mine; to ordain. [OF. appoint er, fr. L. ad anipunc-
to seem, in opposition to reality. [L. apparere, tum, point.] —
Appoint'able, a. Capable of being,
ad and parere, to come forth.] — Appear'ance, fr.
n. etc.— Appointee 7 n. One who is, etc.— Appointor.
,

Act of, etc.; thing seen; phenomenon; semblance, n. One who, etc. — Appoint'ment, n. Act of, or
or apparent likeness; personal presence; exhibition state of being, etc. stipulation arrangement es- ;

—
; ;

of the person; air; manner; mien. Appear'er, n. tablished order; pi. whatever is appointed for use
—Apparent, ap-par'ent, a. Capable of being seen, and management. —
Apportion, ap-pSr'shun, v. t.
or easily seen; plain; certain; evident; appearing to [-tioned (-shund), -tioning.] To divide and assign
the eye, but not true or real; seeming.—Apparently, in just proportion. [L. ad and portio, portion.] —
adv. — Appar'entness, n. —
Apparition, -rish'un, n. Ap'por'tioner, n. One who, etc.— Apportionment. ??.
Appearance thing appearing a preternatural ap- Apposite, ap'po-zit, a. Very applicable fit rele-
;

pearance; ghost; specter. —

Appari'tional, a.
;

Ap- — vant; pat. (L. ad and ponere, position, to plnce.]

; ;

—
paritor, -ter, n. An officer who serves the process Ap'positely, adv. — Ap'positeness, -sitien. -zish'un,
of a spiritual court. n. Act of adding; accretion. (Gram.) The state
Appease, ap-pez', v. t. [appeased (-pezd r ), -peasing.] of two nouns (one of which explains the other) put
To make quiet, pacify, compose, calm. [F. ap- in the same case, without a connecting word be-
paiser, f r. L. ad and pax, peace.] Appeas'able, a. — tween them. —
Apposi'tional, a.
Capable of being, etc. —
Appeas'ableness, n. Ap- — ap-praz*, v. t. [appraised (-prazd'), ai
Appraise, ap-praz
pease'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Ap- — praisin G.J To estimate the worth o£ esp. by per-
peas'er, n. One who, etc. —
Appea'sive, -pe'siv, a. sons appointed for the purpose. Apprais'al, A — V
—
Having power to, etc. Appea'sively, adv. valuation by authority. —
Appraise"ment, ?*. Ap- —
Append, ap-pend', v. t. To hang or attach; to add, praiser, n. One who, etc.: esp. one appointed and
as an accessory; to annex. [L. ad and pendere, to sworn to fix values. [Sometimes pronounced and
hang.] — Append' age. n. Something added as sub- written, apprize, apprizal, etc.] [L. ad and pretium,
ordinate. —Append'ant, n. Thing appended. —a. value.]

siin, cube, fixll ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, Dondon, chair, get.
 -
; ; -

APPRECIATE 26 ARBITER
Appreciate, ap-preShT-at, a. t. To set a price on Aps, aps, n. The wood of the white poplar.
to estimate, esteem, value. To raise the value of. Apse, aps, n. (Arch.) The domed part of a church
[Americanism.] — v. To rise in value. [L. ad and
i. where the altar is placed. [L.
pretium.] — Appreciable, a. Capable of being, etc. and Gr. apsis, arch, vault.] —
— Appreciation, n. A just valuation; increase of Apsis, apSis, n. ; pi. -sides,
value. —Appreciative, -tiv,-ciatory, -rT, a. Hav- dez. (Astron.) One of the two
ing just appreciation. — Appreciatively, adv. points in an elliptical orbit which
Apprehend, ap-pre-hend r v. t. To seize or lay hold
, are at the greatest and least dis-
of; to understand; to entertain suspicion or fear tance from the central body.
of; to arrest, conceive, imagine, dread. •=- v. i. To (Arch.) An apse. P S1S A -

be of opinion; to believe. [L. ad and prehendere, to Apt, a. Fit suitable having a tendency liable
; ;

seize.] —ApprehendSr, n. Apprehensible, a. — ready; quick; qualified dexterous. [L. aptus, fr.
; ;

Capable of being, —
Apprehension, -shun, n.
etc. apere, Gr. haptein, to fit.]
;

Aptitude, -tud, n. —
Act of seizing; a taking by legal process a taking Disposition or tendency; readiness in learning; do-
— —
;

in the mind; conception; opinion; faculty by which cility. Aptly, adv. Apt'ness, n.
ideas are conceived; distrust or fear of future evil. Apteral apler-al, a. (Entum.) Destitute of wings.
— Apprehensive, -siv, a. fearful ; suspicious per- (Arch.) Having no columns along the sides, but
ceptive.— Apprehensively, adv. ApprehenSive- — ;

only in front.— Ap'terous, -us, a. (Entom.) Apteral.

ness, n. — Ap'teryx, -iks, n. (Omith.) bird of New Zea- A
Apprentice, ap-prenlis, n. One bound to another to land, of the ostrich family, having only rudimentary
learn a trade or art. v. t. —
[apprenticed (-tist), wings and no tail. [Gr. a priv. and pteron, wing.]
-ticing.] To bind out as, etc. [F. apprenti, a .ptote, ap'tot, n. ( Gram.) An indeclim
indeclinable noun.
learner fr. apprendre, to learn, fr. L. ad and pre- [Gr. a priv. and ptotos, fallen, declined.]
hendere.']
,

—
Apprenticeship, n. The condition of, Aqua, a'kwa, n. Water a Latin word used in
;
—
etc. his time of service.
; chemistry, in significations determined by words
Apprise, ap-priz', v. t. [apprised (-prlzd'), -prising.] annexed. —
A. fortis, fSrlis. Nitric acid. A. ma- —
To inform; to give notice, verbal or written; to ac- rine, ma-ren', or marina, -ri'na. variety of beryl, A
quaint, make known, communicate. [F. apprise, so called on account of its sea-green color. A. regia, —
judicial notification, fr. apprendre, to learn, teach.] re'jT-a. Nitro-chloro-hydric acid. A. vitae, vi" te. —
Apprize. See Appraise. Water of life brandy. ;
—
Aquapuncture, -punk'-
Approach, ap-proch'', v. i. [approached (-procht'), chde-r, n. The introduction of water subcutaneously,
-proaching.J To come or go near; to approximate. to relieve pain. [L. pungere, punctum, to prick.] —
— v. t. To place near; to come near to. n. Act or — Aqua'rium, n. ; pi. -ria. An artificial pond for rear-
opportunity of, etc.; access; passage by which build- ing aquatic plants; glass tank for aquatic animals.
ings are approached, pi. {Fort.) Works covering ad- — Aquatic, -kwatlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, inhabiting,
vances towards a fortress [L. ad, and propriare, to or frequenting, water. —
Aquatics, n. pi. Aquatic
draw near, fr. prope, near.] Approach Sole, a. — sports, — as
swimming, rowing, etc. — AS^uatint,
Accessible. —
Appreacb/ableness, n. -tints, n. A
method of etching by aqua fortie,
Approbate, ap'pro-bat, v. t. To express or manifest producing an effect resembling a water-color or In-
approbation of. [Bare.] [L. approbare, approba- dia ink drawing. [It. aequo, tmta, dyed water.] —
tum, fr. ad and probus, good.] Approbation, n. — Aqueduct, ak'we-dukt, n. An artificial conduit for
Act of approving; consent, on the ground of propri- water. [L. ducere, ductum, to lead.] Aqueous, —
ety; approval; liking; attestation. Ap'proba'tory, — a'kwe-us, a. Of the nature of, or abounding with,
-rT, -bative, -tiv, a. Approving, or implying ap- etc.; watery made by means of water. —Aqueous
probation. —
Approve, -prooV, v. t. ("approved
;

huSaor. A transparent fluid, forming part of the eye.

(-proovdO, -proving.] To be pleased with; to think — Aquiform, a'kwY-f6rm, a. In the form of water.
well of to commend; to sanction officially. [OF. Aquiline, ak'wt-lln or -lin, a. Belonging to the eagle;
—
;

approver, fr. L. ad and probus.] ApprovSble, a. curving; hooked prominent, like the beak of an
Worthy of, etc. — ApprovSl,
;

Act of, etc. appro- n. eagle. [L. aquila, eagle.]

One who, etc. — Approv'-
;

bation. — ApprovSr, n. Arab, arSb, n. A native of Arabia;

ingly, adv. a street vagabond a gamin. Ara- ;
—
Appropinquity, ap-pro-pink /'wt-tT, n. Nearness. [L. besque, ar'a-besk, n. species of or- A
ad and proplnquitas, fr. Iwope, near.] namentation after the Arabian man-
Appropriate, ap-pro'prt-at, v. t. To set apart for a ner, intermingling foliage, fruits, etc.,
particular purpose, or for one's self to assign. a. ; — with other objects. a. In the man- —
Set apart for a particular use or person; belonging ner of the Arabians ; relating to the
peculiarly; fit; pertinent. [L. ad and propritis, one's style of ornament called arabesque. —
own.] —
Appropriable, a. Capable of being, etc. — Arabian, a-ra'bl-an, Arabic, arS-bik,
—
Appropriately, adv. Appro 'priateness, n. Ap- — a. Pertaining to Arabia or Arabians.
pro'pria'tion, n. Act of, etc. thing, esp. money, set; — ArSbic, n. The language of, etc. —
apart. —
Appro'priator, -ter, n. One who, etc. ArSbism, n. An idiom of the lan-
(Law.) One who has an appropriated benefice. guage of, etc. — ArSbist, n. One
Approve. See under Approbate. versed in Arabic literature.
Approximate, ap-proks'T-mat, a. Near to. (Chem.k Arable, ar'fc-bl, a. Fit for tillage or plow-
Math.) Nearly correct. —
v. t. To carry or advance ing; plowed. —
[L. arare, to plow.]
near; to cause to approach. —
v. i. To come near; ap- Arachnida. a-rak'nT-da, n. pi. (Zool.)
proach. [L. ad and proximus, nearest, fr. prope.] The genus of spiders. —
Arach'noid, Arabesque.
—
Approximately, adv. —
Approximation, n. A -noid, a. Resembling a spider's web.
coming near.—Approximative, a. Approaching. (Anat.) Pert, to a thin membrane between the dura
Appulse, ap'puls or ap-puls', n. A striking against; mater and pia mater. (Bot.) Having loose fibers,
a touching, or very near approach. Appal Sion, — like cobwebs. [Gr. arachne, spider.] Araneous, —
-shun, n. A striking against by a moving body.— a-ra'ne-us, a. Resembling a cobweb; thin and del-
AppulSive, -siv, a. Striking against. Appal' — icate. [L. aranea, spider, spider's web.]
sively, adv. [L. ad and pellere, pulsum, to drive.] Arbalest, ar'bal-est, -balist, -balet, -blast, Arcubalist,
Appurtenance. See under Appertain. ar'ku-ba-list, n. A cross-bow, Arbalister, Arcubal- —
Apricot. a'prT-kot, n. A
fruit allied to the plum. ister,-bal1st-eror-ba-list / er, n. cross-bowman. [L. A
[Fr. abricot, fr. Ar. al-birquq, L. prsecoqua, fr. prse, arcuballista, f r. arcus, bow, and ballista, a military
beforehand, and coquere, to ripen, cook.] engine for projectiles, f r. Gr. ballein, to throw.]
April, a'pril, n. The fourth month of the year. [L. Arbiter, ar'bi-ter, Arbitralor, n. One empowered
Aprilis, from aperire, to open, as the month in which to judge and determine, without control; an um-
the earth opens for new truit.l April fool. One — pire; one chosen by parties in controversy to de-
sportively imposed upon on the first day of April. termine their differences. [L.] Arbitrable, a. —
A priori, a prt-o'ri. Reasoning a priori deduces con- Arbitrary determinable.—Arbitrage,
; -trej, n. Judg-
sequences from definitions formed or principles as- ment by an arbiter, esp. as to traffic in stocks or
sumed, or infers effects from causes previously differing values in different markets. Arbit ra- —
known —
the reverse of a posteriori. [L.] ment, n. Will; determination; award of arbitrators.
;

Apron, a'purn or a'prun, n. cloth, or piece of A — Arbitrary, -tr6r-t, o. Depending on will or dis-
leather, worn before the body, to protect the clothes. cretion ; despotic ; bound by no law ; tyrannical;
[OF. naperon, fr. LL. napa, cloth.] imperious; capricious. Arbitrarily, adv. — Ax' —
Apropos, ar/ro-po', adv. Opportunely ; seasonably bitrate, -trat, v. t. To hear and decide, as arbitrators.
by the way; to the purpose. [F.]
;

— v. i. To decide to judge or act as arbitrator.—

;

am, fame, far. pass or opera, fare ; find, eve, tSrin : Xo Ice : 5dd, tone, 6r
 ARBOR 27 ARGAND LAMP
Arbitra'tion, re. Determination by, etc. Arbitra'- — Archimedean, ar'kt-me-de'an, a. Pert, to Archim-
trix, Arlritress, n. A
female arbiter. edes. —
A. screw, or
Arbor, ar'ber, n. A
bower; a seat shaded by trees. Archimedes' screw.
(Mach.) A
spindle or axis. [L., a tree.] Arbo'reous, — An instrument for
-re-us, Arbo'real, a. Belonging to, growing on, or of raising water,
the nature of, trees. —
Arbores'cence, -sens, n. Re- formed by winding
semblance of, etc. —
Abores'cent, a. Resembling, a flexible tube
etc. —
Ar'boret, n. A
small tree; a shrub. Arbo- — round a cylinder in
re'tum, n. t. A
place for cultivating trees and shrubs. the form of a screw.
— Ar'boricuFture, -kuKchdor, re. Art of cultivating, Archipelago, ar-kl-
etc. — a. — Arboriculturist,
Ar'boricur tural, re. pel'a-go, re. Any
One who, — Ar'borist,
etc. One who makes trees
re. body of water inter- Archimedes' Screw.
his study. — Ar'boriza'tion, A tree-like appear-n. spersed with isles; a group of isles. - Archipelagic,
ance, e«p. in minerals. — Ar'borize, v. To form -iz, t. -ailk, a. [Gr. prefix archi- and pelagos, sea.]
tree-like appearances in. — Ar'borous, -ber-us, a. Architect, ark'Y-tekt, re. One who plans and super-
Formed by trees. intends the construction of a building; one who
Arbuscle, ar'bus-sl, A dwarf tree. — Arbus'cular.
re. contrives or builds up. [Gr. prefix archi- and tek-
Arbuie, ar'but, Arbu'tus, re. The strawberry tree, an ton, workman.] —
Architect Ive, -iv, a. Adapted to
evergreen shrub, whose berry resembles the straw- use m
architecture. - Ar'chitectonlc, -tonlcal, a.
berry. [L. arbutus, akin to Pert, to, or skilled in, etc. —
Ar'chitecton'ios, re.
arbor.} The science of, etc.— Arehitect'ress, re. A female
Arc, ark, Part of the cir-
re. architect. —
Architecture, -tek'choor, re. The art or
cumference of a circle or ^rC- science of building; frame or structure; workman-
curve. [L. arcus, bow, arch.] ship. —
Architectural, a. Of. or pert, to, etc.
— Arc light. Electric light produced by passage of Architrave, ar'kl-trav, re. (Arch.) Lower division of
a powerful current of electricity between carbon an entablature, the part resting immediately on the
points. —
Arc'ograph, -graf, re. An instrument for column an ornamental molding. [Gr. and L.
;

drawing arcs without using a central point. [Gr. prefix archi- and It. trave, L. trabs, beam.J
graphein, to write.] —
ArCuate, -at, -uated, a. Bent Archives, ar'kivz, re. pi. Place in which public rec-
like a bow. —
Arc'ua'tion, n. bending; convexity. A ord? are kept; rtcords preserved as evidence of facts.
Arcade, ar-kad", re. A
series of arches; a walk arched [F., L. archivum, Gr. archeion, residence of a mag-
above; a range of shops along an arched passage. istrate.] — Ar'chMst, -kt-vist, re. The keeper of, etc.
[F., fr. L. arcus.] Archivolt, ar'ki-volt, re. (Arch.) The inner contour
Arcanum, ar-ka'num, re. ; pi. -na, -na. A secret, f L.] of an arch, or a band with moldings running over
Arch, arch, a. Cunning or sly; mischievous in sport; the arch-stones, and bearing upon the imposts. [Gr.
roguish. [AS. ag, earg, bad, idle.] Arch 'Iy, adv. — and L. prefix archi- and It. volto, vault.]
— Arcb/neas, re. Archon, ar'kon, re. A
chief magistrate in ancient
Arch, arch, a. Chief; of the first class; principal; — Athens. [Gr., f r. arehein, to rule.]
used as a prefix in compounded words, most of Arctic, ark'tik, a. Northern; lying far north. [Gr.
which are self-explaining ; as, arch-apostle, arch- arktos, bear, the Northern Bear constellation.] —
conspirator, etc. [AS. prefix arce-, erce-, L. and Gr. Arc'tics, re. pi. Warm water-proof winter overshoes.
archi-, fr. same rootas Gr. arehein, to be first.] — — Arctic circle. A
lesser circle 23 e from the north
Arch-angel, ark-an'jel, re. An angel of the highest or-
der. — angelic, -an-jel''-, a. Pert, to, etc.
arch-bish'op, re. A
-bishop,
chief bishop; a metropolitan.
—
—
pole.
Arcubalist.
Ardent, ar'dent,
See under Arbalest.
a. Hot or burning; much engaged;
— bish'opric, re. The jurisdiction or diocese of, etc. — intense fierce; vehement; fervent. [L. araere, to
— Ar'dently, adv. — Ar'dency,
;

An
-deacon, arch-de'kn, re.
next in rank below a bishop.
ecclesiastical
—
dignitary
dea'conry, -dea'con-
ahip, re. The office and jurisdiction of, etc. duke, —
burn.]
zeal; neat. — Ardor, ar'der, n.
passion or affection; eagerness.
Heat;
[L.]
re. Eagerness
warmth of

A
arch-, re. grand duke; chief prince; now, strictly,
a son of an Emperor of Austria. duke'dom, re.
The jurisdiction of an arch-duke or arch-duchess.
— —
Arduous, ard'u-us, a. High or lofty; attended with
great labor, like climbing heights; difficult. [L. ar-
duvs, steep.] —
Ard'uously, adv. Ard 'uousness, re. —
-du'eal, «. Pert, to an archduke. duch/ess, re. A Are, ar. Present indie, pi. of the substantive verb, ety-
— mologically a different word fr. be, am, or was.
princess of the house of Austria.
Territory or jurisdiction, etc.
-ducb/y, re.
en'emy. arch-, n.
The devil, —fiend, arch-fend', re. The chief of fiends.
— Are, ar, re. (Metric Syst.) A measure of surface; 100
sq. meters, or 119.6 so. yards. [F., fr. L. area.}
— Archidiaconal, ark'T-di-ak'o-nal, a. Pert, to an Area, a're-a, re. Any plane surface; the inclosed space
archdeacon. —
Archiepiscopacy, ark'Y-e-pis'ko-pa- around a building; a sunken space around a base-
sT, re. Estate of an archbishop. Arch iepis^copal, — ment. ( Geom.) Superficial contents of any figure.
a. Of, or pert, to, etc. [L.]
Arch, arch, re. A
curve line or part of a circle; any Arefy, ar'e-fl, v. t. To dry. [L. arere, to be dry, and
— Arefac''tao
work in that form, or covered
by an arch.— v. t. or i. [arched
To form
£-* — , facere, to make.]
ness.
'
Act of, etc. ; dry-

(archt), arching.] Arena, a-re'na, n.; pi. Are'nas, -naz; L. pi. Are'nje,
an arch [F. arche, L. arcus, -ne. (Rom. Antiq.) The area in an amphitheater, for
bow, arcn. ;h.] —
Arches court, gladiators, etc., which was covered with sand; any
arch'ez kortT An English ec place of public eontest [L., sand, sandy place.] —
clesiastical court of appeal.— Arenaceous, -na'shus, a. Of the nature of sand;
— Arcb/way, re. Passage un- friable. —
Ar'enated, a. Ground into sand.
der an arch. Areola, a-re'o-la, re. ; pi. -olm, -le. An interstice or
Archaean, ar-ke'an, a. Ancient. small space; the colored ring around the nipple, also
(Geol.) Pert, to the earliest around certain vesicles. —
Are'olar, a. Pert, to, or
geological period, including like, etc. filled with, etc. Are'olate, -lat, a. —
the azoic and eozoic ages. [Gr. Marked by, etc.
;

—
Areolalion, re. A small space
archaios, aneient, fr. arche, be- Arch. bounded by something of different texture, color,
ginning.] —
Archaeology, ar- etc. [L., dim. of area.}
ke-oKo-jT, re. The science of antiquities; a treatise Areometer, a-re-om'e-ter, re. An instrument for meas-
on antiquities or ancient usages, customs, etc. [Gr. uring the specific gravity of fluids. [Gr. araios,
logos, discourse.] —
Ar'chaeolog'ical, a. Relating to, thin, rare, and metron, measure.] Areom'etry, re. —
etc.— ArchaeoKogiat, One versed in, etc.
——Ar- Act of measuring, etc.
re.
chaic, ar-ka r ik, -ieal, a. Ancient, antiquated. Ar'- Areopagus, ar-e-op'a-gus, re. A tribunal at Athens,
chaism, -izm, re. An ancient or obsolete word or held on a hill named for Ares, or Mars. [Gr. Ares and
idiom; antiquity of style or use. pagos, hill.] —
Areop'agite, -jit, re. A member of, etc.
Archer, arch'er, re. A
bowman. [F., fr. L. arcus, Aretaics, ar-e-talks, re. sing. (Moral Philos.) Sci-
a bow.] —
Arch^ery, re. Art of shooting with a bow. ence of virtue, —
contrasted with eudsemonics, the
Archetype, ar'ke-tip, » The original pattern of a science of happiness. [Gr. arete, virtue.]
work; the model from which a thing is made. [Gr. Argal, ar'gal, Ar'gol, re. Unrefined or crude tartar,
arche and tupos, stamp, pattern.] Ar'chetypal, a. — [bee Argil.]
Original. Argand lamp, ar'gand. A lamp having a hollow wick
Archil, arTefc-re. A
violet dye obtained from sev- under a glass chimney, producing a strong light.
eral species o? lichen. [F. orcheil.} [Invented by Aime Argand.} — A.
" burner, A ring-
sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ' . ;

ARGENT 28 ARQUEBUSE
shaped gas-burner, admitting a current of air through means of defense. —
v. i. To be provided with means
the center. of attack or resistance; to take arms. [AS. arm, L.
Argent, ar'jent, a. Silvery; bright like silver. n. The — annus, Gr. annos, shoulder.] —
Arm'chair, -char,
white color on a coat of arms. [L. argentum, silver, n. A
chair with arms to support the elbows. —
f r. Gr. argon, white.] —
Argent'al, -gentle, a. Of, -hole, -hoi, n. The cavity under the shoulder; arm-
or pert, to, silver. —
Ar'gentan, w. German silver. — pit: a hole for the arm in a garment. pit, n. The
Argentif ereus, -us, a. Containing, etc.— Ar'gen- hollow under the shoulder. Arm'ful, n. ; pi. -fuls. —
tlne, -tin, a. Pert, to, resembling, or sounding like, As much as the arms can hold.—less, a. Without
etc.: silvery. — n. {Min.) A silicious variety of arms, —like, a. Of the form of, etc. Coat of arms, —
carbonate of lime, having a silvery- white luster. n. (Her.) A
habit worn by knights over armor; an
White metal coated with silver. Ar'gentite, -tit, n. — armorial device. Stand of arms, n. — complete set A
Sulphide of silver; vitreous silver; silver glance. for one soldier. —
Small arms, n. Those not requir-
Argil, ar'jil, n. (Min.) Clay or potter's earth some- ; ing carriages. Ar'mament, n. —body of forces A
times pure alumina. [L. argilla, Gr. argillos, white equipped for war arrangements for defending a
—
;

clay, fr. argos.] — Argillaceous, -la'shus, a. Of the fortification ships' guns and munitions. Ai"'-
—
;

nature of, etc. Argilliferous, -er-us, a. Produ- mature, -ma-chur, n. Armor. {Magnetism.) Apiece
cing, etc.— Ar'gilloid, a. Resembling, etc. ArgiK- — of iron connecting the poles of a magnet, or electro-
lous, a. Clayey. magnet, to complete the circuit. [L. armatura, fr.
Argive, ar'jiv. a. Pert, to Argos, in Greece. armare, to arm.] —
Ar'miger, -mT-ier, n. (Her.)
Argonaut. ar go-nawt, n. One who sailed to Colchis One entitled to armorial bearings. [L. arma, arms,
/,

with Jason, in the Argo, in quest of the golden fleece. and gerere, to carry.] Armip'otent, a. Powerful —
(Zobl.) The nautilus. [Gr. nautes, sailor.] — Argo- in arms. [L. potens, powerful.] — Arlnistice, -tis, ».
nautlc, a. Pert, to the Argonauts. — Argosy, ar'- A temporary cessation of arms; a truce. [L. stare,
go-sT, n. A large ship. to stand still.] —
Armlet, n. A small arm. as of the
Argot, ar-gol n. The secret language of thieves, sea; a kind of bracelet. Arm'or, -§r, n. Defensive —
tramps, etc.; flash; cant. [F., prob. cor. of jargon.] covering for the body or for ships. [ME. armure.]
Argue, ar'gu, r. i. [argued (-gild), -guing.] To — Arnror-bear''er, One who carries another's n.
use arguments to reason; to contend in argument,
; armor or arms; an esquire. Ar'morer, n. One who —
dispute. —
v. t. To debate or discuss, prove, persuade makes or has charge of, etc. Armo'rial, a. Belong- —
by reasons. [L. arguere.) Ar'guer, n. Argu-— — ing to armor, or to a family escutcheon. Arlnory, —
ment, n. A proof or means of proving process of ; n. A place where arms, etc., are kept or manufac-
reasoning; subject-matter, or abstract of the subject- tured. (Her.) Science of coat-armor.
matter, of a discourse, writing, picture, etc. Argu- — Armada, ar-ma'da or -ma'da, n. A fleet of armed
ment'al, a. Belonging to, consisting in, etc. Ar- — ships; esp. the Spanish fleet sent against England,
gumentation, n. Process or act of, etc. Argu- — a. d. 1588. [Sp.]
mentative, -tiv, a. Containing or addicted to, etc. Armadillo, ai'ma-dillo,
— Argumen'tum ad homlnem. Unexpected conse- n. (Zobl.) An animal
quences pressed against a man, from his own prin- of South America, hav-
ciples or conduct. [L.J ing the body encased
Arhythmous, a-rith'mus, a. {Med.) Without rhythm in bony plates. [Sp.,
or regularity, as the pulse. [Gr. a priv. and ruth- dim. of arma do,
mos, rhythm.] armed.]
Aria, alT-a, n. (Mus.) An air or song; a tune. [It., Armillary, ar'mil-la-rT,
fr. L. wir, the air.] —
Arietta, -et'ta, Ariette, -ef, a. Pert, to, or resem- Armadillo.
n. A
little aria. [It., dim. of ana.] —Ariose, ar't-os, bling, a bracelet or ring consisting of rings or circles.
o. Characterized by melody, as disting. fr. harmony. — A. sphere. instru- An
;

Arian, a'rY-an, o. Pert, to Arius, or his doctrines. — ment consisting of rings, all
«. Abeliever in Arius's doctrine, that Christ was circles of the same sphere,
only a superangelic being. —A
'nanism, -izm, n. representing the circles of
Doctrine of, etc. the celestial sphere. Ar'- —
Arid, arid, a. Dry parched up with heat. [L. millate, -lated, a. Furnished
—
;

aridus, fr. arere, to be dry.] Aridity, Arldness, with bracelets. [L. armilla,
n. Absence of moisture: dryness. bracelet.]
Aright, a-rTf, adv. Rightly without mistake. ; Arminian, ar-min'T-an, n. A
Arise, a-riz', v. i. [arose (-roz'), arising (-rlzlng), follower of Arminius, who
arisex (-rizn')-] To come or get up higher to ; denied predestination and
mount, ascend, rise; to come into action, being, or kindred doctrines.— a. Pert,
notice: to proceed, issue, spring. [AS. arisan.] to Arminius or his princi-
Aristocracy, ar-is-tok'ra-sT, n. form of govern- A pies. — Arminlanism, n.
ment, in which the supreme power is vested in a The tenets of, etc.
privileged order: nobility or chief persons in a state. Armure, ar'rmlr, n. A wool-
[Gr. arista?, best, and kratein, to rule.] Aristocrat, — en fabric, twilled, or woven Armillary Sphere.
-rislo-krat or arls-, n. One who favors, etc. a proud ; with ribs on the surface. [F.j
or haughty person. —
Aristocratic, -ical, a. Of, or Army, arlnY, n. A body of men armed and orgaa
Eert. to, etc.—Aristocratically, adv. Aris'tocrat- — ized for war a great number; a host. [F. arme'e,
;

im, n. Habits or principles of, etc. fr. L. armare, to arm.] — Ar'my-worm, -werm, n.
Aristotelian, ar'is-to-tell-an, a. Pert, to Aristotle, A voracious caterpillar, appearing in large hosts.
a Greek philosopher. n. — A
follower of, etc. Arnica, ar'nY-ka, n. (Hot.) A plant used in medicine
Arithmancy, arlth-man'sY or a-rith'man-sT, n. The as a narcotic and stimulant. Ar'nicine, -ni-sin, —
foretelling of future events, by means of numbers. n. A
bitter resin, the active principle of arnica.
[Gr. aritnmo?, number, and manteia, divination.] Arnotto. See Annotto.
— Arithmetic, n. Science of numbers; art of com- Aroma, a-ro'ma, n. The fragrant quality in plants.
putation by figures. —Arithmetical, a. According [Gr.] —Aromatic, ar-o-matlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or
to, etc. —
Arithmetically, adv. Ar / ithmeti /'cian, — containing, etc.; fragrant; spicy. Aromatic, n. A —
-tish'an, n. One skilled in, etc. Arithmometer, — plant, drug, or medicine, fragrant, and usually pun-
/(. Aninstrument to facilitate arithmetical calcu- gent in taste. —
Aromatize, -ro^ma-tiz or ar'o-ma-tlz,
lations; an abacus. [Gr. metron, measure.] v. [aromatized (-tizd), -tizing.] To impregnate
t.

Ark, ark, ». A
chest, such as contained the Jews' ta- with. etc. — Aro'matous, -tus, a. Containing aroma.
bles of the covenant; Noah's vessel during the del- Around, a-rownd', prep. On all sides of about ;

uge; a large boat for transporting bulky articles. [L. from one part to another of. —adv. In a circle; on
area, AS. ai-fc.] every side at random ; here and there. ;

Arm, arm, n. The limb between

the shoulder and Arouse, a-rowz', v. t. [aroused (-rowzdO. arous-
the hand anything resembling an arm, as the
; ing.] To awaken suddenly, excite, animate.
branch of a tree, or an inlet of water from the sea; Arpeggio, ar-ped^jo, n. (Mus.) The production of
power might. (Naut.) The end of a yard; part
; the tones of a chord in rapid succession, and not
of an anchor. ( Mil.) A
branch of the military ser- simultaneously. [It., fr. arpa, harp.]
vice; an instrument of warfare. n. pi. Instru- — Arpent, ar'pent, n. A French land measure, used
ments or weapons of offense or defense deeds or ; in Louisiana, where it contains 4,088 sq. yards. [F.]
exploits of war. {Her.) Ensigns armorial. v. t. — Arquebuse, ar'kwe-bus, n. A hand-gun, fired from a
[armed (amid), armixg.] To furnish with weap- hook or rest. [D. haak, hook, and bus, gun.] Ar'- —
ons to add strength, force, etc.; to furnish with
; quebusier, -bus-er', n. A soldier armed with, etc.

am. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 ARRACK 29 AS
Arrack, ai 'rak, n. A spirit obtained from rice or the end; a system of rules for performing actions, —
cocoa-nut tree, etc. [Ar. araq, fr. araqa, to sweat. opp. to science: power of performing certain actions,
Arraign, ar-ran', v. t. [arraigned (-rand'). -kaign- acquired by experience, study, etc.: cunning; arti-
ixg.J (Law.) To call or set to answer at the bar of fice; deceit: duplicity. [L. ars, artis, fr. Gr. arein,
a court; to call in question, impeach, censure. [L. to fit together.] — Artlul, -ful, a. Made, per-
act and ratio, reason.] —
Arraign'ment, n. formed with, characterized by, or using a rt or skill
Arrange, ar-ranj', v. t. [arranged (-ranjd'), -rang- practicing stratagem crafty^ —
Arffully, adv.
;
—
ing.] To put or place in proper order; to adjust or Art'fulness, n. —
Ar'tifice, -tl-fis, re. Artiul or skill-
settle. [F. arranger, fr. rang, rank.] Arrange'- — ful contrivance; device; finesse; deception; fraud.
ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. result of ar- ; [L. ars apd/acere. to make.] —
Artificer. -tifT-ser,
ranging; classification; preparatory measure; settle- n. Askillful workman in some art; one who con-
ment adjustment by agreement. (Mus.) Adapta-
; structs and contrives. —
Artificial, -fish'al, a.
tion of a composition to voices or instruments for Made or contrived by art; factitious; hence, feigned;
which it was not written; a piece so adapted. fictitious; cultivated; not indigenous. Artifi''- —
Arrant, ar'rant, a. Very bad; notorious. [Arghand, cially, adv. —
Artifi'cialness, -ciallty, ar-tt-fish'Y-
p. pr. argh, to be cowardly, fr. AS. earg, timid.] al'I-tT, n.— Artisan, -zan, n. One skilled in any
Arras, ar'ras, n. Tapestry; hangings, —made first at mechanical art a handicraftsman.
; Art'ist, n. —
Arras in the Netherlands. One who professes _and practices one of the liberal
Array, ar-ra', n. Order; disposition in regular lines; arts. — Artiste, ar-tesf, n. One who is dexterous
posture for fighting; an orderly collection; dress; and tasteful in almost any art. [F.] Artistic, —
raiment. {Law.) A ranking of a jury as impan- -ical, a. Pert, to, or characterized by. art made in ;

eled in a cause; the panel itself; the whole body of the manner of an artist. —
Artless, a. Free from
jurors summoned to attend the court, v. t. [ar- — art, craft, or stratagem: ingenuous; contrived with-
rayed (-rad'), -raying.] To dispose in order; to out skill or art; inartificial. Artlessly, adv. —
deck or dress. (Law.) To set in order, as a jury; "Without art; naturally. Artlessness, n.— Arf- —
to call them man by man; to draw out, arrange, en- union, -un'yun, n. An association for encouraging
velop. [OF. arrai, fr. rai, order.] artists.
Arrear, ar-rer', n. sing.. Arrears', n. pi. That which is Artery, arler-T, re. One of the vessels which convey
behind in payment, or remains unpaid, though due. the blood from the heart to all parts of the body; an
— Arrear'age, -ej, n. The part of a debt unpaid. important channel of communication. [Gr. arteria,
Arrect, ar-rekt' ? Arrect'ed, a. Lifted up; raised; fr. airein, to raise, lift.] —
Arterial, -te'rT-al, a.
erect. [L. amgere, arrectum, to raise.] Pert, to orcontained in. etc.— Arte'rialize, v. t. [-ized
Arrest, ar-rest', v. t. To check or hinder the motion (-Tzd),-iziNG.] To communicate the qualities of ar-
or action of. (Law.) To take or apprehend by au- terial blood to. —
Arte'rializa'tion. re. Arte'ri- —
thority. To seize on and fix to obstruct, delay, ; ofomy, -mT, n. (Anut.) The opening of an artery
check^ stop. n. —
(Law.) The taking or apprehend- to let blood dissection of, etc. [Gr. iome, a cutting.]
:

ing of a person; any seizure, or taking by power;
hindrance. [L. ad and restare, to remain.] (Far.)
Ascurfiness of the back part of the hind leg of a
horse. —
Arresfment, n. (Law.) An order by a
judge to detain. —
Arresta'tion, n. Act of arresting.
—Arret, ar-ref or ar-ra', n. (F. Law.) A judg-
ment, decision, or decree of a court or of parliament
an edict a seizure of persons or goods. [F.]
; tion of, etc. [Gr. graphein, to describe.]
Arris, ar'ris, n. (Arch.) The edge formed by two
surfaces meeting, whether plane or curved. [L.
arista, beard of an ear of grain, bone of a fish.]
Arrive, ar-riv', v. i. [arrived (-rivd'), -riving.]
Lit., to come to the shore; to come; to gain or com-
pass an object by effort, practice, study, etc. [F.
arriver, fr. LL. a/lnpare, fr. L. ad and ripa, shore.]
—Arri'val, re. Act of arriving; attainment or gain-
ing of any object; person or thing arriving.
Arrogate, ar'ro-gat, v. t. To claim unduly; to as-
sume. [L. arrogare, to claim as one's own, fr. ad
—
and rogare, to ask.] Arroga'tion, n. Act of, etc.
—Abrogative, -tiv, a. Arrogant. Ar'rogance, re.
Undue assumption of importance; haughtiness.
Ar'rogant, a. Assuming undue importance; over-
bearing presumptuous. —
Arrogantly, adv.
Arrow, arlo, n.
;
Artesian, ar-te'zhan. a. Pert, to Artois (L. Artesium),
in France. —
A. wells. Wells bored into the earth to
reach water, which flows from internal pressure.
Arthritis, ar-thri'tis, re. (Med.) Any inflammation
of the joints, esp. the gout. [Gr., f r. arthron, a joint.]
— Arthritic, -thritlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affect-
ing, the joints. —
Arthrography, -f I, n. A descrip-
Artichoke, arll-chok, n. An esculent plant resemb-
ling a thistle. [It. articiocco.~\ —Jerusalem a. spe- A
cies of sunflower, bearing a tuber like the potato.
[Jerusalem, corrup. of It. girasole, sunflower.]
Article, ar'tT-kl, re. A
distinct portion of any writing,
consisting of particulars; a clause in a contract, ac-
count, treaty, etc; a distinct part; a particular com-
modity or substance. (Gram.) One of the three
words, a, an, the. v. t. —
[articled (-kid), -cling.]
To set forth in distinct articles; to bind by articles
of covenant or stipulation. v. i. —
To agree by ar-
ticles; to stipulate. fF., fr. L. articulm, dim. of ar-
— tus, anoint.]— Artic'ulate, a. (Nat. Hist.) Formed
— with joints. Distinctly uttered: clear. —
n. (Zobl.)
An animal having the body and members jointed.
— v. t. To joint; to unite by a joint; to form into

A
pointed weapon to be shot from a elementary sounds. v. i. —To utter articulate
bow. [AS. arewe.~] —
Ar'row-head'ed, -hed'ed, a. sounds to enunciate. [L. articvlare, articvlatum,
;

Shaped like the head of an arrow;— esp. applied to to join, to utter distinctly, fr. art i cuius.} Artic'- —
the wedge-shaped, or cuneiform, alphabetical char- ular, a. Of, or pert, to, joints. —
Artic'uiately, adv.
acters found in inscriptions at Persepolis, Nineveh, Distinctly clearly. —
Artic /ula" tion, n.
,

(Anat.)
Babylon, etc. — Ar'rowroot, -root, re. A tropical
;

Junction of the bones of a skeleton. (Bot.) Con-

plant, and the starch which it yields. wood, -wdod,
n. A straight-stemmed shrub from which American
— nection of the parts of a plant bv joints, as in pods;
one of the joints, as in cane and maize; one of the
Indians make arrows. —
Arrowy, ar'ro-T, a. Con- parts between joints. Utterance of the elementary
sisting of, formed like, or resembling, etc. sounds of language. —
Artic'ulator, -ter, n. One
Arsenal, ar'se-nal, re. A
public establishment for the who joints; esp. one who puts together a skeleton;
manufacture or storage of arms and military equip- a distinct speaker.
ments. [Sp., fr. Ar. darcinah, house of industry.] Artillery, ar-tiller-T, n. Offensive weapons of war;
Arsenic, ar'se-nik. n. (Min.) A
metal of a steel gray cannon; great guns: ordnance; the body of men in
color, and brilliant luster. (Com.) Arsenious acid charge of cannon, etc.; the science of artillery and
—a virulent poison, called also oxide of arsenic,
;

gunner}'. [LL. artillaria, fr. L. an. ..vtis, art.] —

white arsenic, and ratsbane. [Gr. arsenikon, fr. Artillerist, n. One skilled in, etc.
arre>i, male, on account of its strength.] Arsen"- — Arundinaceous, a-run'dl-na'shus, a. Pert, to, or re-
iate, -I-at. n. A
salt of arsenic acid.— Ar'senite, -it, sembling, a reed or cane. [L. arundo, reed.] Ar'- —
n. A salt of arsenious acid. —
Arsenic, -ical. a. undin'eous, -T-us, a. Abounding in reeds.
Composed of, or containing, etc. Arsenlcate. v. t. — Aruspice, a-rus'pis, Harus'pice, n. A priest, in an-
—
To combine with, etc. Arse'nious, -nl-us, a. Com- cient Rome, who foretold the future by inspecting
posed of, or containing, etc. —
Arseni'uretted, -sen'- entrails of victims killed in sacrifice. [L. ai-uspexT\
—
.

uretted, a. Combined with, etc. Arus'picy, -pI-sT, n. Prognostication by, etc.

Arsis, ar'sis, n. (Pros.) The part of a foot marked by Aryan, ar'yan or ar'T-an, a. Pert, to an ancient
a greater stress of voice. [Gr., fr. airein, to raise.]' people of Central Asia, from whom are supposed to
Arson, ar'sn, n. (Law.) Malicious burning; of build- descend the Celtic, Teutonic, Sclavonic, and other
ings or ships, [li. ardere, arsum, to burn.] races Indo-European or Indo-Germanic.
; [Skr.'
Art, art. Second person sing., indie, mode, pres. arya, excellent, honorable.]
tense, of the verb to be, but from were. [AS. eart.~] As, az, adv. Like: similar to; of the same kind with;
Art, art, re. Employment of means to accomplish an |
while; during: in the idea, character, nature, or

sun, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boxbox, chair, get.
 ;

ASAFETIDA 30 ASSAULT
condition of; for instance; by way of example; Asp, asp, Asp'ic, re. A small,
thus. [AS. eal swa, just so, just as, al swa, als.] — hooded, poisonous serpent.
As if, or as though. Of the same kind, or in the [Gr. and L. aspis.]
—
same manner, that it would be if. As for, or as to. Asparagus, as-par'a-gus, n. A
In regard to, with respect to. —
As it were. A phrase culinary plant. [Gr. ana, up,
used to apologize for some expression, which might and spargan, to swell with sap.]
seem inappropriate or incongruous. —As well. Also; — Aspar'agine, -jin, n. ( Chem.)
too; besides. —As yet. Until now. A crystalline substance in the
Asafetida, -foetida, as-a-fet'T-da, n. A fetid inspis- juice of asparagus. Aspar''- —
sated sap from India, used in medicine. [Per. azd, tic acid. An acid obtained
name of the plant, and L. foetidus, stinking.] irom asparagine.
Asbestos, as-bes'tus, -bes'tos, n. (Min.) A fibrous Aspect, as'pekt, re. Look; mien;
variety of hornblende and pyroxene, making an air; appearance to the eye or
incombustible cloth. [Gr. a priv. and sbennunai, to the mind position in rela-
extinguish.] —Asbes'tiform, a. Having the struc-
;

tion to the points of the com-

ture of, etc. —
Asbes'tine, -tin, a. Pert, to, etc. pass. The situation
(Astrol.) -\.sp.
•Ascend, as-send', v. i. To mount; to go up: to rise. — of one planet or star with re-
v. t. To go or move upward upon; to climb. [L. spect to another. [L. ad and spicere, to look.]
ad and scandere, to climb, mount.] Ascend ' able, — 1
Aspen, as'pen, n. (Bot.) A species of poplar. a. —
a. Capable of being ascended. —
Ascend'ant, a. Pert, to the aspen. [AS. sesp, asps.]
Above the horizon; superior; predominant, re. — Asperate, as'per-at, v. t. To make rough. [L. osper,
Superior influence; an ancestor. (Astrol.) The rough.] —
As'perifo'lious, a. (Bot.) Having rough
horoscope, or that degree of the ecliptic which leaves. [L. jolium, loaf.] —Asperity, -per'Y-ti, re.
rises above the horizon at the time of one's birth. — Roughness of surface, taste, or sound; harshness
Ascend'ency, re. Authority; sway; control. As- — of spirit and language; acrimony; moroseness.
cen'sion, n. Act of ascending; esp. the elevation of Aspermatous, a-sperma-tus, Asper'mous, -mus, a.
our Savior to heaven. —
Ascen'sional, a. Relating ( Bot.) Without seeds. [Gr. a priv. andsperma, seed.
to, etc. —
Ascen'sion day. The day on which our Asperse, as-pers', v. t. [aspersed (-persf), aspers-
Savior's ascension is commemorated. Ascent', re. — ing.] To bespatter with foul reports or injurious
The act of rising; way by which one ascends; an charges to calumniate, slander, defame. [L. ad and
—
;

eminence or high place; the angle which an object spargere, to strow, scatter.] Asper'sion, -shun,
makes with a horizontal line; inclination. re. Asprinkling, as of water or dust, in a literal
Ascertain, as-ser-tan', v. t. [ascertained (-tand'), sense spreading of calumnious reports; calumny.
;

-taining.] To make certain; to establish: to find Asphalt, as-falt', -phaUtum, re. Mineral pitch; com-
out for a certainty. [L. ad and cerium, sure.] — pact native bitumen. [Gr. as])haltos.] Asphalt'ic, —
Ascertain 'able, a. Capable of being, etc. As'- — a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.
certain'ment, re. A making or gaining certainty. Asphodel, as'fo-del, re. (Bot.) perennial plant of A
Ascetic, as-set'ik, re. One who practices undue rigor the lily species; daffodil. [Gr. asphodelos.]
or self-denial in religious things, —a. Unduly rigid Asphyxia, as-fiks'T-a, -phyx'y, -T, re. (Med.) Apparent
or self-denying. [Gr. askein, to exercise. Asceti- — death, or suspended animation. [Gr. a priv. and
cism, -sizm, n. The practice of ascetics.
|

sphuris, throbbing pulse.] Asphyx'ia'tion, re. — The

Ascii, ash'T-I, Ascians, ash'yanz, re. pi. (Geog.) In- process of producing, or state of, asphyxia.
habitants of the torrid zone, who have, twice a year, Aspic. See Asp.
a vertical sun, and hence no shadow at noon. [Gr. Aspire, as-pir', v. i. [aspired (-plrdO, aspiring. 1
a priv. and s/cia, shadow.] To desire with eagerness; to long; to rise. [L. ad
Aseitic, as-sit'ik, -ical, a. Tending to dropsy of the and spirare, to breathe, to blow.] Aspir'ant, a. —
abdomen. [Gr. askos, belly.] Aspiring; ardently desirous of rising. — Aspir'ant,
Ascribe, as-krlb", v.t. [ascribed (-krlbd'). ascrib- Aspir'er, One who seeks eagerly. — Aspirate,
re.

ing.] To attribute to, as a cause or quality; to im- as'pl-rat, v. t. To pronounce with a breathing or
pute; to assign. [L. ad and scribere, to write.] — full emission of breath. —re. A letter marked with
Ascrib'able, a. Capable of being, etc. As'cript, — a note of breathing; a mark of aspiration ( ) used '

a. Written by the side of another character. As- — in Greek; the rough breathing; anon-vocal conso-
crip'tion, re. Act of ascribing; thing ascribed. nant. —
a. Pronounced with a rough breathing.
Asexual, a-seks'u-al, a. Having no distinct sex. [a — Aspira'tien, n. Pronunciation of a letter with a
priv. and L. sexualis, sexual.] strong emission of breath; strong wish or desire. —
Ash, A genus of forest trees, or their wood. [AS. Aspira'tor, -ter, re. (Med.) An instrument for draw-
re.

sesc] —Asb/en, a. Made or formed of ash-wood; of ing out fluids from cavities of the body, as pus, —
the color of ashes; ashy. —
Asb/ery, -Sr-T, re. A blood, etc. (Chem.) An apparatus for passing air
place for putting ashes a place where potash is
:
or gas through liquids, by suction.
'
made.—Asb/es, -ez, n.pl. Earthy or mineral particles Asquint, a-skwint' To the corner of the eye;
remaining after combustion; —among chemists, and obliquely. [See Askance.]
in composition, used in the sing., as, bone-ash, pearl- Ass, ass, re. (Zool.) A quadruped of the horse family,
ash ; the remains of what is burnt; remains of a dead having long, slouch-
body.—Ash- Wednesday, -wenz'dT. The first day of ing ears. A dull,
Lent. — Asb/y, -T, a. Ash-colored; like ashes. stupid fellow; a dolt.
Ashamed, a-shamd r a. Affected by shame; abashed [AS. assa, L. asinusJ
,

or confused by guilt, impropriety, etc. [AS. dsca- — Asinine, as'I-nln

mian, to mnke ashamed, fr. scamu, shame.] o. Belonging to, or'
Ashlar, Ashler, ash'ler, re. Free-stones as they come having the qualities
from the quarry hewn stones for facing walls. [OF.
; of, an ass stupid ; ;

aiselle, dim. of ais, L. assis, plank.] —

Ash'lering, re. obstinate.
The setting of ashlar facing; partition timbers in Assafetida, re. See
garrets reaching from floor to rafters. Asafetida.
Ashore, a-sh5r', adv. On or to shore; on the land. Assagai, Assagay, as'-
Aside, a-sid', adv. On, or to, one side; apart. re. — A sa-aa, re. A
dart or -

'

remark in an undertone or by way of parenthesis. spear used by certain

Asinine. See under Ass. African tribes. [Sp.
Ask, ask, v. t. or i. [asked (askt), asking.] To re- azaguyu.]
quire; to inquire, petition, beg, claim, demand, inter- Assail, as-saK, v. t.

rogate. [AS. ascian, acsian.~] —

Aak/er, re. One who [assailed (-said'),
asks. —
(Zool.) A
water newt, eft. [AS. athexe.] assailing.] To attack with violence; to attack with
Askance, as-kans', Askant', adv. Obliquely side- a view to change feelings, conduct, etc.; to assault,
ways; toward one corner of the eye. [OF. a scanche,
;

beset, fall upon. [L. ad and salire, to spring.] As- —

on the slope, obliquely, It. schiancio, slope.] saiUable, a. Capable of being, etc. AssaU'ant, —
Askew, a-sku r , adv. Sideways; askant; awry. [Icel. n. One who, etc. —a. Assaulting, etc. Assail / er, re. —
d ska, on the skew, Dan. skjev, wry, oblique.] Assassin, as-sas'sin, re. One who kills or attempts to
Aslant, a-slanf, adv. At a slant; obliquely. kill by secret assault. [Ar. hashishin, one who has
Asleep, a-slep', adv. In a state ox sleep; at rest; dead. drunk of the hashish.] —
Assas'sinate, v. t. To
Aslope, a-slop', adv. With a slope or descent. —
murder by, etc. Assas' sina'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Asomatous, a-so'ma-tus, a. Without a material body ; Assault, as-sawlf, re. A violent attack with blows,
incorporeal. [Gr. a priv. and soma, body.] weapons, etc., or with words, arguments, appeals.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in. Ice ; Odd, tone, 5r
 ASSAY 31 ASTER
and the like; invasion incursion
; onset; charge. Periodical sessions of the superior courts in the
;

{Law.) An attempt or offer to beat another, but counties of England, usually in the pi. v. t. —
without touching his person: if the blow takes ef- [assized (-sizd'), -sizing.] To fix the weight,
fect, it is a battery. —
v. t. To attack with, etc. [L. measure, or price of, by authority. [L. assidere, to
ad and saltus, a leaping, fr. satire.] Assaulfable, —
sit by. See Assess.] Assiz'er, n. One who as- —
a. Capable of being, etc. —
Assault'er, n. sizes, or Axes weights, rates, etc.
Assay, as-sa', n. (Chem.) Determination of the Associate, as-so'sh£at, v. t. To join in company as a
quantity of any metal, esp. gold or silver, in an ore friend, companion, partner, etc.; to unite in the same
or alloy; the substance to De assayed; a trial of mass. i'. i. —
To unite in company. a. Closely —
weights and measures. v. t. —
{assayed (-sad'), connected. n. A companion; a mate. —
[L. ad and
assaying.] To subject to chemical examination,
—
socius. companion.] Asso'ciabil'ity, -sha-bil't-tt, —
etc. v. i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. [L. exa- -bleness, n. Quality of being capable of association.
gium, a weighing, a balance,] Assay 'er, n. One— —
Asso'ciable, a. Capable of being, etc.; compan-
who tries or examines metals. ionable; liable to be affected by sympathy. As- —
Assemble, as-sem'bl, v. t. [assembled (-sem'bld), so'cia'tion, -sht-a'shun, n. Union connection) un- ;

-BLING.J To bring or call together; to convene; to ion of persons in a society for some particular pur-
congregate. —
v. i. To meet or come together, to con- pose.—Asso'cia'tional, a. Pert, to an, etc. Asso'- —
vene. [L. ad and simul, together.] Assem'blage, —cia'tionalism, n. (Philos.) Doctrine of associational-
-blej, n. Act of assembling; collection of individ- ists. Asso'cia'tionalist. n. —(Philos.) One who
uals, or of particular things. —
Assem'bly, -bit, n. A
explains the higher functions and relations of the
company collected in one place, usually for some soul by the association of ideas. Associative, -tiv, —
common purpose; meeting, group. a. Tending or pertaining to association.
Assent, as-sent', n. The act of assenting, admitting, Assonant, as'so-nant, a. Resembling in sound.
or agreeing to any thing; consent. v. i. To admit —
(Pros.) Pert, to the rhyme called assonance; not
a thing as true; to express agreement, concurrence, consonant. [L. a>1 and sonare, to sound.] Asso- —
or concession. [L. ad and sentire, to feel, think.] —
nance, n. Resemblance of sounds; a kind of imper-
Assentation, n. Assent by way of flattery or dis- fect rhyme.
simulation adulation.
;
—
Assenta'tor, -ter, n. flat- A
Assort, as-s6rt', v. t. To distribute into classes; to
terer or dissembler. —
Assenfer, n. One who assents. furnish with all sorts. [L. ad and sortiri, fr. sors,
Assert, as-serf, v. t. To affirm positively; to aver, lot.] —
Assortment, n. Distribution into classes;
maintain, vindicate. [L. ad and serere, sertum, to things assorted.
join together.^ —
Assertion, -sgr'shun, n. Act of as- Assuage, as-swaj', v. t. ("assuaged (-swajd'), assua-
serting; vindication. —
Assertive, -iv, a. Positive; ging.] To soften; to allay or lessen, as pain or grief;
affirming confidently. —
Assert'or, -er, n. Assert- —
to appease, soothe, alleviate. [L. ad and suavis,
ory, -er-t, a. Affirming; maintaining. sweet.] —
Assuage 'ment, n. Abatement; mitigation.
Assess, as-sea', v. t. [assessed (-sesf), -sessing.] To —
Assua'ger, n. He who, or that which, assuages. —
tax; to value for taxation to determine, fix, estimate. Assua'sive, -siv, a. Softening; easing.
—
;

[LL. assessare, fr. L. assidere, to sit by.] Assess- Assuetude, as'swe-tad, n. Custom; habit. [L. as-
able, a. Liable to be assessed. Assessment, n. — suescere, assuetum, to accustom to.]
Act of, etc.; valuation; sum charged. —
Assessor, Assume, as-sum', v. t. [assumed (-sumd'), assuming.]
-er, n. One appointed to assess persons or property. To take, or take upon one's self; to take for granted,
— /
Assesso 'rial, a. Pert, to assessors. or without proof to pretend to possess. v. i. ;To —
Assets, as' sets, n. pi. Property in possession or be arrogant; to claim unduly. [L. ad and sumere, to
money due, as opp. to liabilities. [F. assez, fr. L. ad take.] —
Assum'er, n. An arrogant person. As- —
and sat, satis, enough.] sum'ingly, adv Assump'tion, -sum'shun, n. Act. —
Asseverate, as-seVer-at, v. t. To affirm solemnly. [L. of assuming; supposition; thing supposed. (Logic.)
ad and severus, serious.] Assev'era'tion, n.— The minor proposition in a categorical syllogism.
Assibilation, as-sib't-la-shun, n. (Gram.) making (Eccl.) A A
festival in honor of the ascent of the Vir-
sibilant ; change of a dental or guttural consonant gin Mary into heaven. Assump'tive, sum-tiv, a. —
into a sibilant. [L. ad and sibilare, to hiss.] That is or may be assumed. Assump'sit, n. (Law.) —
Assiduous, as-sid'u-us, a. Constant in attention sed- ; A
promise or undertaking, founded on a considera-
ulous; persevering; indefatigable. [L. ad and sed- tion; an action to recover damages for non-perform-
ere, to sit.] —
Assid'uously, adv. Assiduousness, — ance of contract. [Pret. of L. assumere.]
n. — Assiduity, -I-tt, n. Constant application. Assure, a-shoor', v. t. [assured, (-shobrd'), assur-
Assiento, as-st-en'to, n. A contract by Spain with ing.] To make sure-or certain; to confirm; to as-
other powers to furnish slaves for Spanish Amer- sert; insure. (Law.) To covenant to indemnify for
ica. [Sp., fr. asentar, to make an agreement.] loss. [L. ad and seevrus, seeure.] Assur'anee, n. —
Assign, as-sln', v. t. [assigned (-sind'), assign- Act of assuring: adeclaration inspiring credit; free-
ing.] To appoint, allot, apportion; to fix, desig- dom from doubt; firmness of mind; intrepidity; im-
nate. (Law.) To transfer, or make over to an- pudence; insurance; a contract to pay on occasion of
other to transfer to, and vest in assignees, for the a certain event, as loss or death. (Law.) Evidence of
;

benefit of creditors. n. —(Law.) One to whom conveyance of property. Assur'edly, adv. Cer- —
property is transferred. [L. assignare, fr. ad and tainly; without doubt. Assuredness, n. State of —
signum, mark.] —
Assign'' able, a. Capable of being, being, etc. Assur'er, n. One who, etc. —
etc. — Assignation, -sig-na'shun, n. Act of, etc.; Assurgent, as-ser'jent, a. (Lot.) Rising upward ob-
an appointment to meet at given time and place. liquely. [L. assurgere^to rise up.]
— Assignee, as-sl-ne', n. One to whom something is Astatie, a-stat'ik, a. (Electro-magnetism.) Not tak-
assigned. —
Assignor, as-sin'er, ». One who, etc. —
ing a definite position or direction; without polarity.
Assign'ment, n. An allotting to a particular person [Gr. a priv. and histanai, to stand.]
or use. (Law.) A transfer of title hy writing; writ- Astel, as'tel, n. (Mining.) A ceiling of boards, to
ing by which an interest is transferred; transfer of protect persons in a mine.
a bankrupt's property to assignees, for creditors. Aster, as'tSr, n, (Bot.)— genus of plants with radi- A
Assignor, -st-n3r n. , (Law.) One who assigns or ated compound flowers. [Gr., 6tar. ] As'terisk, «. —
transfers an interest. The mark [*] in printing and writing. [Gr. asteris-
Assignat, as-in-ya', n. Paper currency, issued by the kos, dim. of aster.] As'terism, -izm, n. small — A
revolutionary government of France, based on secu- cluster of stars. (Printing.) Three asterisks [***]
rity of the lands of the state. [F.] directing attention to a particular passage, tpr.
Assimilate, as-sim't-lat, v. t. To cause to resemble; asterismos, f r. aster.] As'teroid, n. (Astron.) One —
to convert into a like substance. v. i. —
To become of the small planets revolving between Mars and
similar. [L. ad and similare, fr. similis, like.] Jupiter. —
[Gr. eidos, form.] —Asteroid 'al, a. Pert.
Assim 'liable, a. Capable of being, etc. Assim'i- to, etc. — —
As'tral, a. Belonging to the stars; starry.
la'tion, n. Act of assimilating state of resem- ; —
As'tra! Lamp, n. An Argand lamp having the
blance or identity conversion of nutriment into oil in a flattened ring. Astrog'raphy, n. A de- —
the substance of the body.
;

—
Assim'ilative, -tiv, a. scription of the stars. [Gr. grapKein, to describe.] —
Having power of assimilating. Astrog'eny, -troj'-, n. The creation or evolutions
Assist, as-sisf, v. t. To give support to; to succor.— of the heavens. [Gr. genos^ birth.] As'trolabe, -lab, —
v. i. To help; to attend. [L. art and ststere, to stand.] n. An instrument for taking the altitude of the sun
— Assistance, 7i. Aid; relief. —
Assist 'ant, a. Help- or stars at sea. [Gr. lamhanein, labein, to take.] —
ing; auxiliary. n.— One who assists. Astrol'atry, n. Star-worship. [Gr. latreia, worship.]
Assize, as-slz', n. Lit, a sitting an order or regula- —
Astrol'ogy, -jt, n. Science of predicting events
tion, esp. about the weight of bread, etc. (Law.)
;

by the aspects of the stars. [Gr. logos, discourse.] —

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

ASTESN 32 ATROCIOUS
Judicial astrology pretended of God. [Gr. a priv. and theos, god.]- A 'theism, n.
to foretell the iate of nations Disbelief in, etc.
isbelief "in, —
Atheistic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
and individuals. Natural — impious. — Atheistlcally, adv.
(tstrology predicted events of Athenenm, -naeum, ath-e-ne'um, n.; pi. Eng. Athene'-
nature, such as the weather, ums, L. -n^:a, -ne'a. A literary or scientific associa-
etc.— AstroKoger, -jer, n. tion a public library and reading room. [Gr. Ath-
;

One who pretends to foretell enai&n, the temple of Athene, or Minerva, at Athens.]
events, etc. — Astrologic, Athenian, a-theliT-an, a. Pert, to Athens, in Greece.
-lojlk, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. At her ma-nous, a-therlna-nus, a. (Chem.) Not trans-
— Astron'omy, n. Science mitting heat. —
Ather'mancy, -si, n. Impermeabil-
of the heavenly bodies. [Gr. ity to heat. [Gr. a priv. and therma, heat.]
nomos, law, rule.] Astron'- — Athirst, a-therst', a. Thirsty; having keen desire.
omer, n. One versed in as- Athlete, athlet, n. A contender for victory in trials
tronomy. —
Astronomic, of strength. [Gr. athletes, fr. athlon, prize.] —
-ical, a. Pert. to. etc. As- —
Astrolabe.
Athletic, -letlk, a. Pert, to wrestling, boxing,
tronomically, adz and other manly exercises; strong; vigorous.
Astern, a-stern', adv. In, at, or toward, the hinder Athwart, a-thwawrf, prep. Across. adv. Sidewise —
part of a ship; behind a shii in a manner to cross and perplex.
Asternal, as-ter'nal, a. Noting the floating ribs, Atilt, a-tilf, adv. In the position of one making a
which do not join the breast-bone. [Gr. a pnv. and thrust; with one end raised.
sternon, breast-bone.] Atlas, atlas, n. A collection of maps in a volume;
Asthenic, as-thenlk, a. Characterized by debility. a volume of plates or
[Gr. a priv. and sthenos, strength.] tables; a kind of silk-
A3thma, as'mior az'ma, n. Disordered respiration, satin; a kind of large
with cough and difficult breathing. [Gr., fr. aein, drawing paper.
to hlow.j —
Asthmatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or af- (Auat.) The first
fected by, etc. vertebra of the neck.
Astigmatism, a-stiglna-tizm, n. Defective vision, [Atlas, a Greek
front the rays of light not converging at one focus. demigod, said to
[F. astigmatisms, fr. Gr. a priv. and stigma, a point.] bear the world on
Astir, a-ster', adv. In motion or action. his shoulders, and
Astonish, as-tonlsh, v. t. To strike dumb with sud- whose figure was
den fear, terror, surprise, or wonder; to amaze. [L. printed on the title-
ad and tonare, to thunder.] Aston'ishing, a. Of — pages of old atlas-
a nature to excite astonishment; surprising; won- es.] — Atlante'an, a.
derful; admirable; marvelous. Aston'ishment, n. — Pert, to or resemb-
Confusion of mind from, etc. ling Atlas. —
Atlan-
Astound, as-townicr, v. t. To astonish. [AS. dstunian.] tes, -lanlez, n. pi.
Astraddle, a-strad'dl, adv. With the legs across a Figures of men, used
thing, or on different sides of it. [Freq. of stride.] as columns to sup-
Astragal, aslra-gal, n. A molding around the top port entablatures. —
or bottom of a column or a cannon. [See Mold- Atlan'tic, a. (Geog.)
ing.] [Gr. astragalos, ankle-bone.] Astrag'aloid, — Pert, to the Atlantic
a. Shaped like the ankle-bone. [Gr. eidos, form.] Ocean, or to the isle
Astray, a-stra', adv. Out of, or from the right way ; of Atlantis; descend-
wrong. ed from Atlas.
Astrict, as-trikt ', 1
v. t. To
constrict to contract. ; Atmosphere, at'mos-fer, n. (Physics.) The aeriform
[L. ad and stringere, strictum, to draw tight, strain.] fluid surrounding the earth pressure of the air on
— Astridion, n. — Astringe. as-trinj', v. t. [as- a unit of surface a gaseous medium. [Gr. atmos,
;
;

tringed (-trinjdO, astringixg.] To bind fast, vapor, and sphaira, sphere.] Atmospheric, -fe'r'"- —
constrict, contract. —
Astrin'gency, n. Quality ik, -ical, a. Relating to, existing in, or dependent
of being astringent. —
Astrin rgent, a. Binding; on, etc.
strengthening; —
opp. to laxative, —n. medicine A Atoll, a-toK, n. A
ring-shaped coral island surround-
causing vital contraction in the organic textures. ing a lagoon. [Malay, ator, order, rank.]
Astride, a-stniK, adv. With the legs apart. Atom, at'om, n. An ultimate or constituent particle
Astute, as-tuf, a. Critically examining or discern- of matter; a molecule; anything extremely small.
ing; shrewd; subtle; sagacious. [L. astutus, shrewd, [Gr. atomos, fr. a priv. and temnein, to cut.] —
astus, craft.] — Astutely, adv. — Astuteness, n. Atomic, a-tomlk, -ical, a. Relating to, or con-
Asunder, a-sun'der, adv. Apart; separately. sisting of atoms., —
At'omism, n. The doctrine of,
Asylum, a-si'lum, n. ; pi. Eng. Asy'lums, L* Asy'la, etc. —Afomist, n. One who holds to the atomical
-la. A place of refuge; an institution for protection philosophy. —
At'omize, v. t. To reduce to atoms
or relief, for the deaf and dumb, insane, etc. [L., or to fine spray, —
said of liquids. Afomizer. n. —
Gr. asulon, fr. asulos, inviolable.] (Med.) An instrument for converting liquids into
Asymmetry, a-sim'me-trT, n. Want of proportion be- spray for inhalation, local anaesthesia, etc.
tween the parts. [Gr. a. priv. and $ummetria.~\ Atone, a-ton', v. i. [atoned (-tond'), atoning.] To
Asymptote, aslm-tot, sometimes pron. a-simlot, n. stand as an equivalent to make reparation, com-
;

{Math.) A line which approaches nearer and nearer pensation, etc.; to expiate. v. t. —
To reconcile; to
to some curve, but, though infinitely extended, answer or make satisfaction for. [From at one, i.
would never meet it. [Gr. a priv., sun, with, and e., to be, or cause to be, at one.] Aton'able, a. — —
ptotos, falling.] — Asymtotle, -ical, a. Atone'ment, n. Reconciliation reparation made ;

Asyndeton, a-sin'de-ton, n. (Rhet.) A figure which
omits the connective, as, veni, vidi, vici (I came,
saw, conquered). [Gr. a priv. and sundetos, bound to- Atony, at'o-nT, n. (Med.) Want of tone; weakness
gether.] —
Asyndetic, a. Lacking connectives.
At, prep, denoting presence or nearness in place or
time (at home, at one o'clock); hence, relations of
situation, condition, etc. (at war, at your service);
after verbs of motion, direction towards (to run at).
Atabal, afa-bal, n. A kettle-drum a tabor. [Ar.
by giving an equivalent for an injury. (Theol.)
The expiation of sin made bv Christ. — Aton'er, n.
of the organs, esp. of such as are contractile. [Gr.
a priv. and tonos, tone, strength.] — Atonic, a.
(Med.) Characterized by atony. (Gram.) Unac-
cented destitute of vocality; surd. n. (Gram.); —
a word that has no accent; an element of speech,
produced by the breath alone. (Med.) A remedy
;

•at-'tabl, drum.] for organic excitement or irritation.

Ataghan, afa-gan, Yafaghan, n. A long Turkish Atop, a-top', adv. At or on the top; above.
dagger. [Turk. gatagdn.J Atrabilarian, at-ra-bT-la'rT-an, -rious, a. Affected
Atavism, afa-vizm, n. Reappearance of a disease, with melancholy. [L. atra bills, black bile.] At- —
etc., in a family, after having disappeared for one or rabillar, -yar, -bilious, -vus, a. Hvpochondriac.
more generations. [L. atavtts, ancestor.] Atramental, at-ra-menlal, -tons, -tus, a. Black; inky.
Ate, of Eat. See Eat.
at, pret. [L. atramentum, ink, fr. ater, black.]
Atelier, at'lt-a or a-tel'ya, n. An artist's workroom; Atrium, alri-um, n. ; pi. Atria, alrf-a. (Arch.)
studio. [F.] An open space before a church. (Anat.) An auricle
Athanasian, ath-a-na'zhan, a. Pert, to Athanasius, of the heart. [L., a court or entrance hall.]
bishop of Alexandria, or his doctrines. Atrocious, a-tro'shus, a. Extremely heinous; enor-
Atheist, alhe-ist, n. One who denies the existence mously wicked ; flagrant. [L. atrox, fierce.] — Atro'-
5m, fame, far, pass or opera, tare ; end, eve, term ; In Tee ; Odd, tone, 6r
 ATROPHY 33 AUGITE
ciously, adv. — Atro'ciousness, Atrocity, a-tros'- v. i. [attitudinized (-nlzd), -nizinq.] To
1-tT, n. Enormous wickedness or cruelty. assume affected attitudes.
Atrophy, afro-fT, n. A wasting away from lack of Attollent, at-tol'lent, a. Lifting up; raising. [L. ad
nourishment. [Gr. atrophia, ir. a priv. and treph- I
and tollere, to lift.]
ein, to nourish.] Attorney, at-ter'nT, n. ; pi. Attob'xeys. (Law.) One
Atropia, a-tro'pT-a, Atro'pina. At'ropine, -rc-pin, n. legally appointed by another to transact business for
(Client.) A
very poisonous alkaloid extracted from him. [OF. atorne', fr. L. ad and tornare. to turn.] —
the Atropa belladonna, or deadly nightshade. [Gr. Power of attorney. A document bv which one is
Atropos, one of the Fates.] —
Afropism, n. (Med.) authorized to transact business for another. At- —
A diseased condition produced by using belladonna torneyship, n. Office of, etc. Attorn'ment, n. —
Attach, at-tach", v. t. [attached (-tachf), attach (Law.) Agreement of a tenant to acknowledge the
inc.] To bind, fasten, or tie; to take by legal purchaser of the estate as his landlord.
thority; to lry hold on, by force or by moral influ- Attract, at-trakf, v. t. To draw or cause to tend to
ence; to affix, gain over, win. v. i. To adhere. [F.— ward; to cause to adhere or combine; to allure; to
dtacher; E. tack, to fasten.] Attach'able, a. Ca- — mvite; to engage. [L. ad and trahere, tractum, t«
pable of being, etc. —
Attachment, n. Act of, or draw.] —
Attractable, a. Capable of being, etc. —
state of being, etc.; a passion or affection; that by Attract'abil'ity, n. — Attract'ile, -il, a. Having
which one thing is attached to another; an adjunct. power to attract. — Attraction, -trak'shun, w.
(Civ. Law.) A
seizure by legal process the writ (Physics.) An invisible power in body by which
commanding such seizure. Attache", at-fa-sha', n.— ;

draws any thing to itself; the power in nature tend-

a it

One attached to the suite of an ambassador. [F.] ing to draw bodies together or to produce cohesion,
Attack, at-tak' v. t. [attacked (-takf), attack- and resisting separation. Act of attracting: power
ing.] To fall upon with force or with unfriendly or act of alluring, inviting, or engaging. Attract- —
words; to assail, invade. (Chem.) To begin to de- ive, -iv, a. Having the power of. etc.: enticing: in-
compose, by chemical agents. n. A falling on with — viting. n.— That which, etc. —
Attract 'ively, adv.
violence, or with calumny, satire, etc.; onset; in- — Attract 'iveness, n.— Attractiv'ity, n. Quality
road; charge. [F. attaquer, a form of attache):] or degree of attractive power. —Attract 'or. -er, n.
Attain, at-tan', v. i. [attained (-tand'.), attain- One who, etc. — Aftrahent, n. That which, etc.
ing.] To come or arrive, by motion or efforts; to Attribute, at-trib'ut, v. t. To consider »3 belonging
reach, —v.t. To achieve; to gain; to equal. [L. to; to ascribe to; to impute, refer, charge. [L. ad
attinere, to hold to. and attingere, to touch.]— At- and ti-ibuere, to bestow.]— Attribute. aftrT-but, n.
tain'able, a. Capable of being, etc. [Improperly A thing that maybe attributed; inherent quality;
used for obtainable, procurable.] Attainability, — essential or necessary property. Attrib'utable. a. —
Attain 'ableness, n. —
Attain'ment, n. Act of, etc., Capable of being attributed.— Attribution, «
that which is, etc. proficiency in knowledge.
; Act of attributing: quality attributed. Attrib'u- —
Attaint, at-tanf, v. i. To stain to disgrace. (Law.) ;
tive, -tiv, a. Relating to, or expressing, an attribute.
To taint or corrupt, as blood; to taint, as the credit — 11. A
word denoting an attribute or quality.
of jurors giving a false verdict, —n. stain; spot. A Attrite, at-trif, a. Worn by rubbing or friction. [L.
(Law.) Awrit to inquire whether a jury has given ad and terere, triturn, to rub.] Attrite'ness, n. —
a false verdict. (Far.) A
wound on a horse's leg, State of being, etc. —
Attrition, -trish'un, n. Act of
made by over-reaching. [F. atteindre, fr. L. attin- wearing by friction: abrasion: state of being worn.
gere, to touch.] —
Attaint' ment, n. State of being at- Attune, at-tun', v. t. [attuned (-tund r ), attuning.]
tainted. — Attainfure, Attain'der, n. ( Com. Law.) To put in tune, arrange fitly, make accordant.
Stain, forfeiture, and corruption of blood on con- Auburn, aw'bern, a. Eeddish brown. [LL. albur-
demnation for certain crimes. Act of attainting. nus, fr. L. attnts, white.]
Attemper, at-tem'per, v. t. [attempered (-perd), Auction, awk'shun, n. A public sale of property to
-Peking.] To reduce, modify, or moderate, by mix- the highest bidder; a vendue. [L. audio, fr. avgere,
ture: to soften; to mix in just proportion; to make
/-
auctum, to increase.]—_Auc tionary, a. Belonging
suitable; to adapt. [L. ad and temperare, to soften.] to. etc. —
Auctioneer', -er', n. The person who sells,
Attempt, at-temf, v. t. To make trial of; to make etc. —
v.t. To sell by auction.
an attack upon. i.— v.
To make an effort or an Audacious, aw-da'shus", a. Contemning restraints of
attack. — n. An essay, trial, or endeavor. [L. ad law, religion, or decorum; bold in wickedness. [L.
and tentare, to try.] —
Attempt'able, a. audax,audacis,fr. audere. to dare.] Audaciously, —
Attend, at-tend', v. t. To go or stay with; to wait on, adv. —
Audaciousness, -dacity, -das'i-tl, n. Dar-
accompany; to be united or consequent to. v. i. To — ing spirit or confidence; venturesomeness; presump-
pay attention with a view to perceive, understand, or tuous impudence; hardihood: boldness; effrontery;
comply; to heed; to listen; to wait or be in waiting. contempt of law or moral restraint.
[L. art and tendere, to stretch (the mind).] At- — Audible, aw'di-bl, a. Capable of beir.? heard. [L.
tendance, n. Act of, etc.; persons attending; a train; uudire, auditum, to hear.] —
Audibility. Au'dible-
a retinue. —
Attend'ant, a. Present, or in the train ness. n. Quality of being, etc. Au'dibly, adv. — —
accompanying or immediately following, as conse- Au'dience, n. Act of hearing: admittance to a hear-
quential. (Law.) Depending on, or owing duty or ing: an assembly of hearers. —
Au'dit, n. An ex-
sen-ice to. — n. One who, or that which, etc. At- — amination, esp. of accounts, with the hearing of the
tenf, a. Attentive. — Atten'tion, n. Act of attend- parties concerned, by proper officers, —v. f. To ex-
ing or heeding; act of civilitv; care; respect: regard; amine and adjust, as accounts. Au'ditor. -er, n. —
notice. —Attentive, -iv, "a. Full of attention A hearer or listener: one authorized to adjust ac-
mindful; civil; polite. —
Attentively, adv. At- — ;

counts. —
Au'ditorship. n. Office of, et:. Au'di- —
tent'iveness, n. tory. a. Pert, to the sense of hearing. n. An as- —
Attenuate, at-ten'u-at, thin, or less
v. t. To make sembly of hearers; audience. —
Au'ditress, n. A fe-
viscid; to make slender; to draw out or extend in male hearer. —
Audita) Hum, n. The part of a the-
length, —v. i. To become thin, slender, or fine: to ater, etc., occupied by the audience. [L] Au'di- —
lessen. [L. ad and tenuare, fr. tenuis, thin.] —At- phone, -fon, n. An acoustic instrument fur enabling
tendant, a. Thinning. — (Med.) A medicine
n. aeaf persons to hear by means of vibrations trans-
that dilutes the fluids; a diluent. Attenua'tion, n. — mitted through the teeth.
Act of making thin or fine; pulverization. [Gr. phone, voice.]
Attest, at-test', v. t. To bear witness to; to give proof Augean, aw-je'an, a. Pert,
of: to call to witness. [L. ad and testari, fr. testis,
,

to Augeus or his stable,

witness.] —Attesta'tion, n. Testimony; esp., offi- containing 3,000 oxen and
cial testimony. —
Attest'or, n. One who attests. unclean ed for 30 years ;

Attic, at'tik, a. Pert, to Attica, in Greece, or to its prin- filthy.

cipal city, Athens.— n. (Arch.) story in the upper A Auger, aw'ger, n. A car-
part of a house; a garret. —Attic wit, Attic salt. A penter's boring tool an in-
poignant, delicate wit. —
Attic style. style pure, A strument for perforating
:

classical, and elegant. —

Attic purity. Special purity soils or roeks. [AS. nafe
of language. —
At'ticism, -sizm, ». Style or idiom gar, lit. a nave-borer.]
used by the Athenians. Aught, awt, n. A whit; any
Attire, at-tir', v. t. [attired (-tird'), attiring.] thing; any part. [AS.
—
To dress, array, adern. n. Clothes: dress; horns I awiht, fr. a, one, and wiht,
of a buck. [OF. atirer. fr. AS. tir, splendor.] thing.]
Attitude, at'tl-tud. n. Postu-e or position. [F.. fr.
—
Augite, aw'jit. n. A green-
Auger.
LL. aptitwlo, fr. L. aptus. suited, fitted.] Attitu'- ish mineral, consisting

sQn, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bouboN, chair, get.
 ; ;,

AUGMENT 34 AUTOMATON
Chiefly of silica, magnesia and lime, and occurring Aurochs, awloks, n. (Zobl.) The Bos urus, or bison,
in lavas, trap, basalt, etc.; pyroxene. [Gr — of Poland. [Gr.]
fr. auge, brightness.] Aurora, aw-ro'ra, n. The dawn
of day; redness of
Augment, awg-menf, v.'. t. *. To
ao enlarge or increase; to
— thesky before sunrise; a species of crowfoot. Au- —
swell; to make bigger. r. v. i. To grow larger. [L. ro'ra borealis. A
luminous meteoric phenomenon,
augmentare, fr. augere, 2, to increase.] Auglnent, n. — supposed to be of electrical origin; northern lights.
Enlargement by addition ition increase. (Gr. Oram.)
; — A. australis. Southern lights. Auro'ral, a. —
A sign of past time: it is either a syllable prefixed to Pert, to, or like, etc. [L., fr. aweahora, golden hour.]
a word, or an increase of the quantity of the initial Auscultation, aws-kul-ta'shun, n. Act of listening.
vowel. —
Augmenfable, a. Capable of being, etc. (Med.) A method of distinguishing diseases, esp.
— Augmentation, n. Act of, etc. ; state of being, etc. in the thorax, by observing sounds, esp. by means
thing added. (Mus.) In counterpoint and fugue, a of the stethoscope. [L. auscultatio, a listening.] —
repetition of the subject in tones of twice their origi- Ausculta'tor, -ter, ra. —
Ausculta'tory. a. Aus'cul- —
nal length. —
Augmenfative, -tiv, a. Having the tate, -tat, v. t. (Med.) To examine by auscultation.
quality of, etc. Auspicate, aw'spY-kat, v. t. To give a favorable turn
^ogur, aw'ger, n. (Rom. Antiq.) One who foretold to in commencing. [L. auspicare, fr. auspex, a bird
future events by the actions of birds, or by other seer, diviner.] —
Au'spice, -spis, n. ; pi. Au'spices,
signs. One who pretends to foretell future events -spY-sez. Omen; augury; protection extended; fa-
—
by omens; a soothsayer. v. i. [auguked (-gerd), vor shown; patronage.— Aaspicial, -spish'al, a. Pert,
auguking (-ger-ingj).] To conjecture by signs or to auspices. —
Auspicious, -spish'us, a. Having
omens; to prognosticate. v. t. —
To predict or fore- omens of success or favorable appearances; lucky;
tell; to betoken. [L.; prob. a Tuscan word.] Au r - — propitious. —
Auspi'ciously, adv.
.

gural, a. Pert, to, etc.

— —
Au'gurate, v. i. and t.
To augur. Auguralion, n. Act or practice of,
etc.— Augu'rial, a. Of or relating to, etc. Au'-
gurship, n. Office of, etc. —
Au'gury, n. Foretell-
ing of events, etc.; an omen; prediction.
August, aw-gust', a. Creating extraordinary respect
and veneration; grand; imposing; majestic. [L.
augustus, f r. augere, to increase.] August'ness, n.—
Au'guet, aw'gust, n. The eighth month of the year.
[L., named in honor of Cassar Augustus.) Augus'-
tan, a. Pert, to Augustus or to his times. The
Augustan age of any literature is the period of its
Austere, aw-ster', a. Sour with astringency; severe
in modes of judgment, living, or acting; rigid; harsh;
— rough; stern. [Gr. austeros. J— Austerely, adv. —
Austere'ness, -sterity, -stSr'I-tt, n.
Austral, aw'stral, a. Of or tending to the south
southern. fL. auster, the south wind.]
Australian ballot, aws-tralt-an-. (Law.) system of A
voting, originally used in South Australia, in which
the secrecy of the vote is compulsory and an official
— ballot is furnished by the government.
Authentic, aw-then'tik, -tical, a. Of approved au-
thority to be relied on
; true; certain; genuine.
;

highest state of purity and refinement. (Mus.) Having an immediate relation to the tonic,
Augustine, aw-gustln, Auguatinlan, n. (Eccl. in distinction from plagal, having a correspondent
Hist.) A
monk of an order named from St. Agus- relation to the dominant below the tonic. [Gr. au-
tine Austin friars White friars.
; ; Au'gustinlan, — thentikos, fr. authentes, one who does by his own
—
n. One who follows St. Augustine in maintaining hand.] Authen'tieally, adv. With marks of cred-
that grace is effectual from its nature, absolutely — Authenticate, v.t. To establish by proof
ibility .
and morally, not relatively and gradually. to render authentic to prove to be genuine. —
Authen'ticalion, n. — Authenticity, -tis'I-tY, n.
;

Atrk, awk, n. A
sea-bird of the Alca family, includ-
ing the penguin and Qu
"uality of being, etc.
puffin. [Prov. E. alk, ;hor, aw'ther, n. The beginner, former, or first
Auti
NL. alca.) mover of any thing; the creator; one who writes a
Aulie. awlik, a. Pert, book. [L. auctor, fr. augere, to increase, produce.]
to a royal court. — n. — Au'thoress, n. A female author.— Authorship,
The ceremony of con- etc.— Authoritative, -th5r'I-ta-tiv,
n. State of being,
ferring the degree of a. Having authority, or an
air of authority pos-
doctor of divinity. [Gr. itive. —Authoritatively, adv. Authority, n. — ;

aule, hall, court.] Legal or rightful power; dominion; persons exer-

Aunt, ant, n. A father's cising command —
chiefly in the pi. ; influence of
or mother's sister. [OF. character, office, station, etc.; testimony; witness:
ante, L. amita.~\ the person who testifies; a precedent, decision of a
Aura, aw'ra, n. pi. court, official declaration ; a book, containing pre-
Avrje, aw're.
;
Any cedents, etc. the name of its author. Authoriza'- —
—
;

subtile, invisible fluid, tion, ft. Establishment by authority. Au'thorlae,

supposed to Sow from v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To clothe with author-
a body. [L., air.] — ity, empower, legalize; to establish by authority; to
Au'ral, a. Pert, to the give authority, credit, or support to.
air, or to an aura. Auto, awlo. An abbrev. of automobile, used as a pre-
Aural, aw'ral, a. Be- fix with the meaning of self--moving, self-propelling ,'

longing to the ear. [L. as, an autocar, an autotruck, etc. hence, an auto- ;

Wr ea r A Great A<*- W*» imP™™-> mobile car, carriage, truck, etc. [Gr. autos, self.]
n One s k!lIed X?fe Autobiography, aw'to-bi-ogla-ft, n. A memoir of a
orders of the ear. —
Aulicle, -rT-kl, n. (Anat.) person written by himself. [G. autos, self, bios, life
The external ear: see Ear; one of two muscular and graphein, to write."
sacs at the base of the heart, resembling the ex- who writes, etc,
ternal ear of some quadrupeds. kind of ear- A or containing,
trumpet. [L. auricula, dim. of auris.] Auric'- — Autochthon, aw-tolc'thon, n. one sprung f.„„
ula, n. A
species of primrose the bear's ear. ;
— same soil he inhabits; an aboriginal or native; that
Auric'ular, a. Pert, to the ear, or to the sense of which is original to a country. [Gr., from the land
hearing; told in the ear; secret; recognized by itself, fr. autos, self, and chthon, land.] Autoch* —
the ear; received or traditional. (Med.) Pert, to thonlc, -tochlhonous, -nus, a. Indigenous abo- ;

the auricles of the heart. n. —

A circle of feathers riginal; native.
surrounding the opening of a bird's ear the little Autocrat, awlo-krat, n. An absolute sovereign; a
finger. —
AuriCulate, Au'riform, a. Ear-shaped.
;

title of emperors of Russia; one invested with inde-

— Au'riscope, -skop, n. (Med.) An instrument for
examining the Eustachian tube. Auris'copy, n. —
Examination with, etc. [Gr. skopein, to view, ex-
amine.]
Aurated, aw'ra-ted, a. Resembling gold. [L. aura-
tus.] —
Aureola, aw-re'o-la, Aureole, awle-51, n.
The circle of rays, with which painters surround
the body of Christ, saints, etc. [L. aureolis, of gold,
dim. of aureus, golden.]
Auriferous, aw-rii-Sr-us, a. Yielding or producing
gold. [L. aurum, _gpld, and/erre, to bear.]
Aurin, Aurine, awlin, n. (Chem.) red coloring
matter produced by heating phenol with oxalic acid
—
and strong sulphuric acid, used as a dye-stuff.
pendent power and unaccountable for his actions.
[Gr. autos and kratos. strength.] — Autoc'racy,-sY, n.
Independent or self-derived power ; uncontrolled
right of governing in a single person; right of self-
government in a state. — Autocratic, -ical v a.
Auto-da-fe, aw-to-da-fa, n. ; pL Autos-da-fe, -toz-.
Punishment of a heretic by burning, in conformity
with a judgment of the Inquisition; the sentence
then read. [Pg., act of faith.]
Autograph, awlo-graf, n. One's own handwriting;
an original manuscript. [Gr. autos and graphein, to
A write.] —
Autographic, -IcaL, a. Pert, to, etc.
Automaton, aw-tom'a-ton, n. ; pi. -atons; L.pl. -ata,
-ta. A machine moved by interior machinery which

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r ;
 AUTONOMASY 35 AWE
imitates actions of men or animals? any self-moving ATert, a-vgrt', v. t. To turn or cause to turn off,
machine. [Gr. auios and maein, to strive after, move.] aside, or away. v. — i. To turn away. [L. ab, a, from,
— Automatic, -ical. a. Pert, to, or performed by, —
and vertere, to tura.l Avert'er, n.—Averse, a-vers',
an automaton; self-acting; esp. applied to machine- a. Turned away; having a repugnance or opposi-
ry, in which movements commonly made by hand mind; disinclined; reluctant.
tion of Averse'ly, —
are made by the machine itsalf not depending on ; adv. —
Averse'ness, n. —
Aversion, -ver'shun, n.
the will; acting involuntarily. Opposition or repugnance dislike contrariety of ; ;

Automobile, aw'to-mo'bU, a. Containing means of nature; cause of repugnance; disgust; antipathy.

propulsion within itself; self-propelling; as, an auto-
mobile torpedo; an automobile car. n. An auto-
mobile vehicle. [Gr. auios, self L. momlis, mobile.] +
Autonomy, aw-ton'o-mY, n. Power or right of self-
government; man's power, as possessed of reason, to
Aviary, a'vY-a-rY, n. An inclosure for keeping birds.
— [L. aviarium, fr. avis, a bird.] A'vicuPture, -chur, —
Care of birds. [L. avis and cultura, culture.]
Avidity, a-vid'Y-tY, n. An intense desire; strong ap-
j
petite eagerness. [L. aviditas, fr. avidus, eager.]
;

give law to himself. [Gr. autos and 7iomos, law.]— Avocation, av-o-ka'shun, n. Act of calling aside, or
Auton'omist, n. An
advocate of, etc diverting; the business that ealls off. [Improperly
Autoplaslry, aw-to-plas'tY, n. (Surg.) The artificial used for vocation.] [L. avocatio, fr. ab, a, from,
repairing of lesions by transplanting healthy flesh and vocare, to call.]
from a neighboring part. [Gr. autos and plassein, to Avocet, -cette,
mold, form.] —
Autoplastic, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. av'o-set, n. An
Autopsy, aw'tep-sT, n. Personal observation or ex- aquatic bird.
amination. (Med.) Post-mortem examination. [Gr. [P. avocette.]
autos and opsis, sight.] Avoid, a-void', v.
Autotype, aw'to-tip, n. A
photograph made by au- t. To keep at a
totypy. — Autotypy, -tot'i-pY or -to-ti'pY, n. A distance from ;

photographic method of making transcripts of pic- to make void ;

tures, Dy potassium bichromate as a chemical agent. to annul or va-

[Gr. auios and tupos, an impression, image.] cate ; to shun.
Autumn, aw'tum, n. The third season of the year;
the season between summer and winter; fall. [L. defeat or evade, J
autumnus, fr. augere, to increase, to furnish abun- as a plea. —
v. Lr^s
dantlv.] — Autum'nal, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. (Law.) To be- =
Auxiliar, awg-zil'yar, -iliary, -ziFya-rY, a. Helping; as- come void, va-
sisting; aiding; subsidiary. [L. auxiharis, fr. augere, cant, or empty.
to increase.] —
Auxiliary, n. helper; an assist- A [OF. esveudier,
ant; esp., in the pi. foreign troops in the service of
, rr. L. _ ex, out,
a nation at war. ( Gram.) A
verb helping to form and viduare, to
the moods and tenses of other verbs. (Math.) A empty.] — A- Avocet.
quantitv introduced to facilitate some operation. void'able, a. —
Avoid'ance, n. Act of avoiding or
Avail, a-val', v. t. [availed (-vald'), availing.] To of annulling; act of becoming, or state of being, va-
profit; to assist; to promote. v. i. —
To be of use; cant. —
Avoid' er, n. One who avoids: one who car-
to answer the purpose. n. —
Advantage; use; ben- ries anything away, or a vessel in which things are
efit; —pi., profits or proceeds. TL- ad and valere, to carried away. —
Avoidless, a. Unavoidable.
be strong, to be worth.] —
Available, a. Capable Avoirdupois, av'er-du-poiz', n. or a. weight in A
of being used to advantage profitable; able to ef- which a pound contains 16 ounces, or 7,000 Troy
fect the object: valid. —
Availably, adv.
:

AvaiTa- — grains. [F. avoir dupoids, to have (a fixed) weight.]

/r
bU'ity, Avail'ableness, n. Avouch, a-voweh v. t. [avouched (-vowchf), a- ,

Avalanche, av-a-lunsh', n. A snow-slip; a mass of vouching.] To declare positively, maintain, sup-

snow, ice, or earth sliding down a mountain. [F port. [OF. vocher, fr. L. vocare, to call.] Avoucb/- —
fr. L. ad, to, and vallis, .valley.] able, a. Capable of being, etc. Avoucb/er, n
|
—
Avant-courier, a-voN'koo-re'r, v. One sent in advance Avow, a-vow', v. t. [avowed (-vowd"). avowi |
avowing.]
to give notice of another's approach. [F., fr. avant, To declare openly; to own; to acknowledge; to
before, and courier, fr. courir, to run.] Avant- —
fess. (Law.) To acknowledge and justify, as an
<

guard, a-vant'gard, n. The van or advanced body act done. [F. avouer, fr. L. vovere, votwn, to vow.]
of an army; vanguard. [F. avant and E. guard."} AvewaObile, a. Avow'aL n. An open or frank — —
Avarice, av'a-ris, n. Excessive love of money or gain; declaration. Avow'ediy. adv. Openly. —Avowee', —
cupidity greediness covetousness. [L. avaritia, re. An advowee; one who has the right to present to
—
;
;

fr.avere, to covet.] Avari'cious, -rish'us, a. Act- a benefice. Avow'er, n. One who avows. Avowt- — —
uated bv avarice; parsimonious; miserly; niggardly. ry, -rY, n. (Law.) Act of a distrainer of goods, who,
— Avari'ciously, adv. —
Avari'ciousneeB, n. in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the
Avast, a-vasf, interj. (Naut.) Cease hold stop. taking in his own right.
; ;

[Corrupted fr. D. hand vast, holdfast.] Avulsion, a-rul'shun, n. A tearing asunder; a frag-
Avatar, av-a-tar', n. An incarnation or metamor- ment torn off. (Law.) Sudden removal of land
phosis of a deity among the Hindoos. [Skr. ava- from one man's estate to another's by an inundation,
tara, descent.] current, etc. [L. a, ab, and vellere, vulsum, to pluck.]
Avaunt, a-vant, interj. Begone. [F. en avant, forward.] Avuncular, a-vun r ku-lar, a. Of or pert, to an uncle.
Ave-Mary, a've-ma'rY, n. A Latin praver to the Virgin [L. avunculus, uncle.]
Mary, beginning Ave Maria [Hail, Mary]. Await, a-waf, v. t. To wait or look out for to ex- ;

Avenaceous. av-e-na'shus. a. Relating to oats. [L. peet; to be ready for.

avena, oats.] —
Av'enage, -ej, n. Rent paid in oats. Awake, a-wak', v. t. [awoke, awaked (-waktO,
Avenge, a-venj', v. t. [avenged (-venjd')., aven- awaking.] To arouse from sleep, or a state resemb-
ging.] To vindicate by inflicting pain or evil on the ling sleep; to put into action. v.i. T© cease to —
wrong-doer; to revenge. [OF. avengier, fr. L. vin- sleep, etc. — a. Not sleeping; wakef ul._ [AS. prefix d
dicare, to avenge.] —
Avengier, n. and wacan, to wake.]— Awaken, awak'n, v.t.&L
Avenue, av'e-nu, n. An entrance; way; passage; an [-exed (-end), -ening.] To awake. [AS. awacnan.]
alley or walk, usually shaded by trees; a wide street. Awak'ener, n. —
[F. fr. adventre, to come to.]
( Award, a-wawrd r v. t. To give by judicial determina- ,

Aver, a-ver', v. t. [averred (a-verd'), averring.] tion; to assign by sentence; to adjudge. v.i. To
To declare positively to asseverate, affirm, protest; determine; to make an award.— n, A judgment,
avouch. [F. averer, fr. L.
:

ad and
verus, truth.] — sentence, or final decision ; esp. decision of arbitra-
Aver'ment, n. Act of averring; positive assertion; paper containing such decision. [OF. estcar-
tors;
verification; establishment by evidence. (Lata.) deir.~] — Award'er, n.
One who awards a judge. ;
.

Offer to justify or prove what is alleged.
Average, av'Sr-ej, a. Medial containing a mean
proportion; according to the laws of average.
A contribution to a general loss: a mean proportion;
medial quantity: a medial estimate or general state-
Aware, a-w^r', a. Watchful; vigilant; hence, ap-
; prised; cognizant. [AS. gewser.\
i Awash, a-wosh/, a. Washed by the waves or tide.
Away, a-wa'. adv. Absent; at a distance; continu-
j

ou sly. without intermission. interj. Begone. [AS. —

ment from a comparison of specific eases ; duty onweg, dwegJ]
payable to shipmasters on goods. v. t. [aver- — j

Awe, aw, n. Profound fear with admiration or rever-

aged (-ejd), -aging.] To reduce to a mean; to pro- ence; dread; veneration. •:.t. [AWED(awd), AW-
portion. — w. i. To be or form a medial sum or
j

ING.] To strike with etc. [AS. ege, oga, Goth, agis.]

quantity. [LL. overturn.] — Aw'ful, a. Striking, or filling with, etc.— r- Aw
efin, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 ;

AWEATHER 36 BACCALAUREATE
fully, « ; . — Aw'fulnesB, n.— Awe'atruck, a. Im- carriage. —
Ax'unge, -unj, n. Wheel-grease the ;

pressed with awe. firmest part of the fat of animals. (Phar.) Hog's
Aweather, a-wetib/er, adv. (JVaut.) On the weather lard prepared for medical use. [L. axunga, fr. axis
side, or toward the wind; opp. to alee. and ungere, to grease.]
Aweigh, a-wa', adv. (Naut.) Drawn out of the ground, Ay, Aye, aT, adv. Yes; yea; —
a word expressing assent.
and hanging; atrip, —
said of the anchor. — n. An affirmative vote; a voter in the affirmative.
Awhile, a^whiK, adv. A space of time for some ; Ayah, a'ya, n. In India, a native nurse or waiting
time; for a short time. maid. (Sp. ana, governess.]
Awkward, awk'werd, a. Wanting dexterity with- ; Aye, a, adv. Always; continually. [AS. a, aa, Gr. aet.]
out skill: bundling; ungraceful; clumsy; uncouth. Aye'-aye, afaf, n. (Zo'ol.) A nocturnal quadruped
[ME. awl; auk. contrary, wrong, and term, -ward.] found i n Mada-
— Awfwaxdly, adv. — Awk'wardness, n. gascar, so called
Awl, aWi, n. A pointed instrument for making small from its cry.
holes. [AS. set, alA Azalea, a-zale-a, n.
Awn, awn, The
bristle or beard of barlev, oats,
n. A genus of flower-
grasses, etc. [Goth, ahana, chaff.] Awn'less, a. — ing plants. [Gr.
Awning, awning, n. Acovering.fr. sun, rain, etc. [D. azaleas, dry, the
havenung, shelter, or Per. dwan, thing suspended.] plant growing best
Awoke'. See Awake. in dry ground.]
Awry, a-ri^, a. or adv. Turned or twisted toward one Azimuth, az'T-
side ; asquint. [AS. writhan, to writhe, twist.] muth, n. An arc,
Ax, Axe, aks, n. An instrument for hewing timber, of the horizon :

chopping wood, etc. [AS. eax, sex, Gr. axine.] tercepted between :

Axial. See Axis. the meridian of

Axil, aks'il, Axilla, -ilia, n. The armpit. (Bot.) the place and a ver-
The angle between the upper side of a branch or tical circle passing
leaf, and a stem or branch. [L. axilla.'] Axlllar, — through the cen-
Ax'illary, a. Pert, to the armpit. (Bot.) Situated ter of any object.
in, or rising from, the axilla. [Ar. as-samt, pi.
Axiom, aks'i-um, n. A
self-evident and necessary as-sumut, a way or Aye-Aye.
truth or proposition; an established principle; max- path.] —A. compass. A compass resembling the mar-
im; aphorism; adage. [Gr. axioma, fr. axios, worthy.] iner's compass, but with a, more accurate graduation
— Axiomatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the nature of the card, and vertical sights. Magnetical A. An —
of, etc. — Axiomatlcally, adv._ arc of the horizon, intercepted between the vertical
Axis, aksls, n. j>L; Axes, aks'ez. The straight line circle passing through any object and the magnetic
on which a body revolves. (Anat.) The second meridian. —
Azlmuthal, a.
vertebra of the neck; a tooth-like process, on its up- Azoic, a-zolk, a. Destitute of animal life. [Gr. a
per surface, serving as a pivot on which the first priv. and zoe, life.] —
Azote, a-zof, n. (Chem.) A
vertebra turns. (Bot.) The central £m^\ gas unfit for respiration; nitrogen. Azotic, -zotlk, —
part or column ot a plant, around a. Pert, to; formed or consisting of, etc. Az'otize, —
which the other parts are disposed. -tiz, v. t. [azotized azotizing.] To impreg-
(-tlzd),
A central or medial line between cor- nate with, etc.; to nitrogenize. —
Azo'tous, -tus, a.
responding parts. [L.] Axial, -T-al, — Nitrous, as azotom acid.
a. Pert, to, or like, etc. Axiferous, — Azure, azh'er or a'zher, a. Of a sky-blue; cerulean.
-us, a. (Bot.) Consisting of an axis, — n. The blue color of the sky the blue vault ;

without leaves or other appendages. above. (Her.) Blue, represented in engraving by

[L. ferre, to bear.] —
Axle, aksl, n. T horizontal lines. [Per. laja,ward blue.] Az'urite, —
A shaft, rod. bar, or spindle forming the a Axle -
-
-It, n. (Min.) Blue carbonate ot copper.
r

axis of a pulley, drum, or wheel. Axletree, n. A — Azygous, az'I-gus, a. (Anat.) Without a fellow or
transverse bar'connecting the opposite wheels of a corresponding part. [Gr. a priv. and zeugon, a yoke.]

B, be. The 2d letter in the English alphabet ; a vocal disorder. [Babel, where men's speech was con-
labial consonant, the correlative of p. It is etymo- founded.]
Jogically convertible with m, p, /, v, and w. (Mus.) Baboo, Babu, bamboo, n. A title of respect among the
The nominal of the 7th tone in the model major Hindoos. [Bengalee, prince, master.]
scale (scale of C major), or of the 2d tone in its rela- Baboon, bab-oon / n. A large ',

tive minor scale (scale of minor). A

B flat (Bb.) — species of monkey.
The tone or half step, or semitone lower than B. Baby. See under Babe.
Baa, ba, n. Theory of sheep. —
v. i. To cry or bleat, etc. Babylonian, bab-Y-loliI-an, n.
Babbitt metal, ba.b'bit-mefal. An alloy of tin, cop- An inhabitant of Babylo-
per, and antimony. [From the inventor.] nia;an astrologer, the —
Babble, bab'bl, v. i. [babbled (bab'bld), -bling.] Chaldeans having affected
To utter words imperfectly or unintelligibly ; to skill in astrology. — Babylo'-
prate ; to chatter; to make a constant murmuring nian, -lo'nish, -Ionic, a.
noise, as a stream running over rocks, —v. t. To Pert, to, or made in, etc.; tu-
prate; to utter. [Imit. of ba, ba, a child's first effort multuous disorderly. —
at speech, with freq. suffix -le; or freq. of blab.] — ;

Bab'ylonite, -it, n. The cu-

Bab'ble, Bab'blement, n. Idle talk; senseless prate; neiform character.
unmeaning words. —
Bab'bler, n. An idle talker; Bac, Back, bak, n. (Brewing
a tell-tale. (Ornith.) A
thrush-like bird, having and Distilling.) tub or ves-A
chattering notes. sel for cooling, straining, and
Babe, bab, Baby, ba'bt, n. An infant; a doll. a. — mixing the wort, etc. fer- A
Pert, to, or resembling, an infant. v. t. [babied — ry-boat for carriages, cattle, i

(ba'bid), babying.] To treat like a child. [W., etc. [F. bac, ferry-boat, D.
Ga., and Ir., baban, W. mab, a son.] Ba'byhood, — bak, tray, bowl.]
-ho"6d, n. State of being, etc. —
Ba'byish, a. Like, Baccalaureate, bak-ka-law
/'-

etc. ; childish. —
Ba'by-farm, -farm, n. place A
re-at, n. The degree of bach-
uaDOon.
Business of elor of arts. a. Pert, to, etc. [WL.baccalaureus, —
for boarding infants.
keeping, etc. —farming, n.
house, -hows, n. toy house for
children's dolls, —-jumper, -iurap'Sr, n. An elastic
A
bachelor of arts, f r. L. bacca lauri, bay berry, wreaths
of which the bachelors wore.] —Baccalaureate ser-
suspensory support for a child. mon. A
farewell discourse to a graduating class at
Babel, ba'bel, n. A confused combination of sounds; college.

am, lame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Tee ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 BACCARA 37 BAIL
Baccara, Baccarat, Dak-ka-ra'. n. Frencn card game. Forests or partly cleared ground on the frontier* of
Baccate, bak'kat, a. (Bat.) Pulpy, like a berry. [L.
baccatus, f r. bacca, berry.] Bac'cated, a. Having —
|

l
a newly settled country.
habitant of, etc.
—
woods'' man, n. An in-
many berries. — Bacciferoua, -sif 'er-us, a. Produ- Backgammon, bak-gam'mon, n. A game plaved by
cing berries. [L.ferre, to bear.] Bac'ciform, -sl- — two persons, upon a tray, with checkers and dice.—
form, a. Formed like, etc. !
v. t. To defeat one's opponent, before he has moved
-Bacchanal, bak'ka-nal, -nalian, -na'lT-an, n. A dev- his counters from the first quarter of the board.
otee of Bacchus; one prone to drunken revels. «. [Prob. Dan. bakke, a tray, and gammen, game.] —
Pert, to reveling in intemperate drinking. [L. Bac- Backshish, -sheesh, bak'shesh, n. In Eastern coun-
chus, god of wine.] —
Bac'chanals, -nalz, -nalia, tries, a present or gratuity. [Pers. bakhshish, fr.
-na'lT-a, n. pi. Feasts in honor of Bacchus; drunken bakhshidan, to give.]
revels. [L. Bacchanalia, the feast of Bacchus.] Bacon, ba'kn, n. Hog's flesh salted or pickled and —
Bacchant, -kanf, n.; L.pl. Bacchantes, -kan'tez. smoked. [OF.; OD. bak, pig.]
A priest of Bacchus; a bacchanal; a reveler. —Bac- Baconian, ba-ko'nT-an, a. Pert, to Lord Bacon, or to
chante, -kanf, n. A priestess of Bacchus a fe- his system of philosophy. ;

—
male bacchanal. Bac'chic, -kik, -chical, a. Pert, Bacterium, bak-te'rT-um, n. ; pi. Bacteria, -a.
to, etc.; jovial with intoxication drunken. (Biol.) A microscopic vegetable organism, belonging
;

Bachelor, bacb/e-le'r, n. A man who has not married;
one who has taken the first degree at a college or
university; a young knight. [OF. bacheler, fr. LL.
baccalanus, farm-servant, bacca. cow.] Bachfe-
ler's-bufton, -buftn, n. A herbaceous perennial
plant.
Bacillus, ba-siKliis, n. ; pi. Bacilli, -li. variety of
bacterium. [L. bacillum, little stick.]
Back, bak, n. The upper or hinder part of an animal;
to the Algffi, usually in the form of a jointed rodlike
filament and found in putrefying organic infusions.
Bacteria multiply very rapidly. Certain species are
—
active agents in fermentation, while others apoear
to be the cause of certain infectious diseases. [Gr.
bakterion. a staff.] Bacteriology, -ol'o-jT, n. The —
science relating to bacteria- A
Bad, bad, a. [comp. worse (wers), superL worst,
(werst).J Wanting good qualities evil ; vicious. ;

part opp. to the front; the rear; outward or upward [Prob. fr. Celtic] Bad'dish, a. Somewhat bad. —
part of a thing, as opp. to the inner or lower part; Badly, adv. Bad'ness, n. — —
part opp. or most remote; part out of sight. a. In Bad, Bade. See Bid. —
the rear ; remote. —
adv. To the place whence one Badge, baj, n. distinctive mark worn on the person. A
came; to or toward a former state, condition, etc.; [OS. bag, bog, a ring, LL. baga, ring, ornament.]
away from the front again in return. ; v. t. Badger, baj'er, n.
;
—
[backed (bakt), backing.] To get upon the back A burrowing
of; to support or strengthen by aid; to force back- quadruped akin
ward; to furnish with a back. v. i. To move or — to the bear.— v. t.
go back. [AS. base] —
To back out, or b. down, to [badgered
withdraw from an engagement.— To b. round, said (baj'erd), -er-
of the wind when it shifts against the sun's course, ing.] To follow
indicating^ more bad weather. To b. an anchor. — up, as the badger
(Naut.) To lay down a small anchor ahead of a is hunted; to
large one, to which it is fastened. To b. astern. In — pester or worry.
Indian Badger.
rowing, to manage the oars in a direction contrary [OF. bageard.]
to the usual method. —
To b. the oars, or back water. Badigeon, ba-drj'un or -dizh'un, n. A mixture of
To row backward. — To b.To arrange them
the sails. plasterand freestone, to fill holes in statues; or of
eo as to take out the wind, and cause the ship to move sawdust and glue, to fill defects in joiner's work; a
astern. — To b. up. To support or sustain. — Back'- kind of cement. [F.]
er, n. One who, or that which, backs or supports Badinage, bad-e-nazh', n. Light or playful discourse.
another. — Back'ing, Act of supporting and en-
n. [F., fr. badiner, to joke.]
couraging act of breaking a horse to the saddle Baffle, baf'fl, v. t. [baffled (-fid), -fling.] To treat
cover, in binding. —
;

preparation of a book for its with mockery; to check by shifts and turns to ;

Backs, n. pi. (Leather Dealing.} Leather from the balk to frustrate, elude, foil. [Scot, bauchle, bachle,
stoutest ox-hides. — Back'ward, -wards, adv. With —
;

fr. Ic. bagr, a struggle.] Baffler, n.

the back in advance ; toward the back on the back, ; Bag, n. A sack or pouch, to hold or convey any thing.
or with the back downward; toward or in past time; —
v. t. [bagged (bagd), bagging.] To put into a
from a better to a worse state in a reverse manner ; bag; to seize or entrap.— v. i. To swell like a
or direction ; eontrarily. Back'ward, a. Unwil- — full bag. [AS. bselg, Gothic balgs, Ga. baig, bag,
ling; averse dull of apprehension; late or behind- pouch.] —
Bag'ging. n. Cloth or materials for bags.
hand. — ;

Back'wardly, adv. Backwardness, n. — —

Bag'gy, -gl, a. Bulged out, like a bag. Bag'- —
Aversion reluctance.
; —
Backwardation, n. A man, n. One who carries a bag; a commercial trav-
broker's term for the allowance made for carrying eler. -pipe, n. Scot- I — A .

over stocks to another day, instead of settling tish musical instrument,

at once. —
Back'bite, -bit, v. t. To speak evil of consisting of a leathern
in the absence of the persen traduced. v. i. To bag, and of pipes, into — I

reyile the absent. —

Back'biter, n. Back'bone, which air is pressed —
-bon, n. The spine; firmness; spirit; grit.
-d6r, n. A
door at the back of a building or cham-
door, by the performer.
One who
— I

j
—
ber a private passage
n.
; indirect way. ;

Ground in the rear a place of obscurity or ;

ground,
-pi'per, n.
plays on, etc. wig, n.
A kind of wig worn in
—
shade. (Art.) The part of a picture behind,and _ the 18th century.
subordinate to, the foreground. handed, a. With
the hand turned backward indirect oblique.
— ba-gas', n. Su-
—
i

With the hand, etc.

a main building; a privy.
house, n. — ;

building behind
adv.
—
gar-cane after beine
A
;

crushed, usually driec

A
ed
'

forming the back of a fire.

-log, n.
—
larare stick,
piece, -pes, -plate, -plat,
for fuel. [F., fr. Sp. 6a-
gazo, trash.]
Armor covering the back, —-side, n. Hinder Bagatelle, bag'a-tel, n.
sn."
6 ,

A
n.
fart of any thing; the rear.
The first reading of the leveling staff.
—
sight, -sit, rt. (Sum.)
slide, -slid', —
gr,. :

trifle; thing of no importance; a game played with

balls on a board having holes at one end. [F., fr. It.
i
,~:

[backslid (-slYd), p. p. -slid'den, -slid

j

v. i. bagatella, a trifle.] ;

-sliding (-slld'ing).] To iall back or off to apos- Baggage, bag'ej, n. The tents, clothing, utensils, etc.,
tatize. — slid'er, n. One who, etc.: a renegade.—
An instrument for taking the altitude of
;

of an army; trunks, bags, etc., for travelers; lug-

I

—
-staff, n.
heavenly bodies. — gage. [F. bagage, fr. OF. bague, bundle.] n. I

A
-stairs, -starz, n. pi. Stairs at strumpet; a playful, saucy young woman. [F. ba-
the back of the house; a private or indirect way.
-stair, a. Indirect: illegitimate; undue.
gasse, It. bagascia, a worthless woman.] Bag'- —
stays, gage-mas'ter, n. One in charge of pa^ieagers' bag-
-staz, n. pi. (Naut.) Ropes from the top-mast gage on railroads, boats, etc.
heads to both sides of a ship, to support the mast. under Bag.
-stream, n.
-sord, n. A
A
current flowing up-stream.
sword with one sharp edge. water,
Bagging. See
sword, Bagnio, ban'yo, n.
Jj.balnewn. bath.]
—
—
bath-house; a brothel. [It., fr.
I
A
-waw-ter, n. Water held back, as in a stream, by Bah, ba, interj. An exclamation of disj-ist »r con- |

some obstruction water thrown back by the turn-

ing of a water-wheel, etc.
:

— tempt; pah.
woods, -w<56dz. u. pi. Bail, bal, r. t. [bailed (bald), bailing.] <La,io.) To \

sun, cube, full ; moon, f 6"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboiv, chair, get.
 — —

BAIT 38 BAMBOO
set free from arrest, security being given for the ap- Baleen, ba-len', n. Horny plates in the whale's
pearance of the person bailed to deliver, upon a ; mouth ; whalebone in plates. [F. baleine, whale,
contract that the trust shall be executed. To free whalebone. L. balsena, a whale.]
from water. —
n. (Law.) One who procures a pris- Balister. See Ballista.
oner's release by becoming surety for his appear- Balize, ba-lez', u. A
pole raised on a bank, as a guide
ance in court; the security given. The handle of a to mariners. [F., f r. pal, stake, L. palus.]
kettle, etc. [OF. bailer, to keep in custody, fr. L. Balk, bawk, n. An unplowed ridge or strip; a great
bajulare, to bear a burden.] Bail'able, a. That — beam or rafter; a hindrance disappointment.— v. ;

may be, etc.— Bail'bond.w. (Law.) A bond given t. [balked (bawkt), balking.] To leave un-
by prisoner and surety, to insure the prisoner s ap- touched in plowing; to disappoint; frustrate. v. i. —
pearance in court; special bail in court to abide the To stop abruptly in one's course. [AS. balca, a heap,
judgment.— Bailee, bal-e',n. (Law.) One to whom OS. balko,a. beam.] —
Balk'er, n. One who balks;
goods are committed in trust. Bail/er, -or, -er, n.— one who signals the movements of shoals of fish. —
(Law.) One who delivers goods to another in trust. Balk'y, a. Apt to turn aside or stop abruptly.
— Bail'iff. n. sheriff'sA deputy, appointed to make Ball, bawl, n. Any round body; anv round or protu-
arrests, collect fines, summon juries, etc. Baili- — berant part of the body; a familiar game. v. i. —
wick, ». (Law.) The precincts in which a bailiff [balled (bawld), balling.] To form, as snow, into
has jurisdiction. [OF. baillie, jurisdiction of a bail- balls, as on the feet. [OF. baUe, OHG. balla, palla.) —
iff, and AS. -wic, station; L. vicus, a village.] — Ball and socket joint. A joint in which a baM moves
Bail'ment, n. (Law.) Delivery of goods in trust. within a socket, giving motion in every direction.
Bait, bat, n. Thing used to catch fish, etc.; a lure; Ball '-cartridge, -kart-rii, n. A car-
enticement temptation refreshment taken on a
; tridge containing a bullet. cock,
—
;

journey. v. t. To put on or in, as on a hook, trap, n. A contrivance which admits wa-

etc., to allure game; to feed upon the road; to pro- ter to a cistern, but is shut by a float-
voke and harass. v. i. —
To stop for refreshment on ing ball, when the cistern is full. —
a journey. [AS. batan, Ic. beita, to make to bite.] Impenetrable by bullets.
Baize, baz, n. A coarse woolen stuff, with long nap.
[OF. bai, a reddish brown, _fr. LL. badius.]
—
-proof, a.

cup
valve, (Mach.) A ball in a
n.
with a hole in its bottom, opera-
Bake, bak, v. t. [baked (bakt), baking.] To heat,
dry, and harden; esp. to prepare for food, in a close
ting as a valve.
ing.) A
sort of iron ore, found in
—
vein, -van, n. (Min-

place heated. —
v. i. To do the work of baking; to loose circular masses.
be baked. [AS. bacan.] —
Bake-house, -hows, n. A Ball, bawl, n. social assembly forA
house for baking. —
Ba'ker, n. One who bakes dancing. [F. bal, fr. LL. ballare, to . B *u * * •

bread, biscuit, etc.; a portable tin oven. Baker's dance.] -

Ballad, baKlad, n. pop- socket J° mt - A
dozen. Thirteen in number. —
Ba'kery, -Sr-f, n. A ular song in simple verses. [Proven, ballada (It. bal-
place for baking; bakehouse. —
Backing, n. Quan- lata), a dancing song, fr. LL. ballare.]— Ballet,
tity baked at once. balla, n. A
theatrical exhibition with music, dan-
Bakhshish. See Backshish. cing, etc. [F., dim. of bal.]
Balance, bal'ans, n. An apparatus for weighing bod- Ballast, ballast, n. {Naut.) Any heavy substance
ies; what is needed to equalize two quantities; act laced in the hold of a vessel, to steady it. Gravel,
E
of comparing or weighing; an equipoise or just pro- roken stone, etc., solidifying the bed of a railroad.
portion; a regulating wheel In a watch. (Astron.) v. t. —
To furnish with, etc. [D Dan. bag, be- ;

A sign in the zodiac called Libra. [Improperly hind, in the rear, and last, burden.]
—
,

used for remainder.'] v. t. [balanced (-anst), Ballista, bal-lisla, pi. -t^e, -te, Ballster, Ballister,
-ancing.] To bring to an equipoise; to weigh in a balls-tSr or -lislgr, n. machine like a cross-bow, A
balance to render equal ; to compare in relative used anciently in war to throw stones. [L. ballista,
;

force, value, etc.; to settle and adjust, as an account. fr. Gr. ballein, to throw.] Ballistic, a. Pert, to, —
(Dancing.) To move toward, and then back from, etc. —
Ballis'tics, n. sing. The science of projectiles.
reciprocally, —v. i. To be in equipoise; to hesitate. Balloon, bal-loon', n. bag, of silk or other lightA
(Dancing.) To move toward, etc. [F., fr. L. bilanx, material, filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, so
bilancis, having two scales, f r. bis, twice, and lanx, as to rise and float in the atmosphere. (Arch.) A
dish, scale.] —
Bal'ancer, n. One who balances, or ball or globe on the top of a pillar. (Chem.) A
uses a balance. —
Bal'ance-sheet, n. (Book-keeping.) spherical glass receiver. [Augm. of OF. balle. See
A paper giving a balance of accounts. Ball.] Ballooning, n.— broker's term for tempo- A
Balcony, bal'ko-nY, n. A
gallery on the outside of a rarily raising the prices of stocks by fictitious sales,
building. [It. balcone.] etc. —
Balloonist, n. An aeronaut.
Bald, bawld, a. Destitute of natural covering, as of Ballot, ballot, n. Orig., a ball used in voting; a writ-
hair, feathers, foliage, etc.; destitute of ornament; ten or printed vote; act of voting ng by balls or tickets; I

unadorned. [Ga. and Ir. bal, spot, freckle, W. amount of votes cast. v. i. To vote or decide —
ide by
b
bali, whiteness on a horse's forehead.] Baldly, — ballot. [F. ballote, dim. of balle. See Ball.] Bal y
adv. — Bald'ness, n. —
Bald'faced, -fast, a. Having lot-box, n. A
box for receiving ballots.
a white face, as a horse. —
Bald 'pate, -pat, n. A
Balm, bam, n. An aromatic plant ; resinous sap of
bald head; bald person. certain trees; a fragrant ointment; anything which
Baldachin, bal'da-kin, n. (Arch.) A
canopy-like heals, or soothes or mitigates pain. v. t. To anoint —
structure, an ornament over with balm; to assuage. [F. baume, fr. Gr. balsamon,
doors, thrones, etc. [Fr. Bal- juice of the balsam tree.]— Balm 'y, -T, a. Having
dach, or Bagdad, whence the qualities of balm; aromatic; soothing; produ-
came silks for canopies.] cing balm. Balmily, adv. — Balsam, bawrsam, n. —
Balderdash, bawl'dSr-dash, n. An aromatic resinous substance, containing an es-
A worthless mixture, esp. sential or volatile oil. (Bot.) A species of tree; an
badly mixed liquor; a sense annual garden plant balsamine. (Med.) ; mix- A
less jargon of words; ribald ture of natural balsams and other articles. Bal- —
ry. [Dan. balder, noise, clat samic, -ical, Bal'samous, -sa-mus, a. Containing
ter, and daske, to slap, flap v or resembling, etc. Balsamic, n. That ——
which has
Baldric, bawl'drik, n. war- A the properties of, etc. Balsamiferous, -us, a. Pro-
rior's girdle. [OHG. balder- ducing, etc. [L. ferre, to bear.] Bal'samine, -min, —
ich, AS. belt, L. balteus, gir- n. (Bot.) The touch-me-not, or garden balsam.
dle.] Balmoral, bal-mor'al, n. thick woolen petticoat; a A
Bale, bal, n. A
bundle' of kind of shoe. {Balmoral Castle, Scotland.]
goods corded for transporta- Baluster, bal'us-ter, n. (Arch.) A small column or
tion. — v.t. [baled (bald), pilaster, supporting the rail of a staircase, etc.; the
baling.] To make up in a lateral part of the volute of the Ionic capital. [Im-
bale. [F., a ball, pack, HG. properly called ban'nister.] [F. balustre, fr. Gr. bal-
balle, a ball, round body.] — austion, flower of wild pomegranate.] BaKustrade, —
Bal'ing-press, n. A
press for -trad, n. A
row of balusters, joined by a rail.
compressing hay, cotton, etc., Baldachin. Balzarine, bal'za-ren, n. dress material of mixed A
into bales. worsted and cotton.
Bale, bal, n. Misery; calamity sorrow. [AS. bealu,
; Bam
bam, n. An imposition; cheat. v. t. To cheat, —
balu.] — Bale'-fire, -fir,n. A
signal-fire; alarm-fire.— wheedle. [Prob. contr. of bamboozle.]
Bale'ful, a. Full of misery; calamitous; woful; sad. Bamboo, bam-boo', n. A kind of reed growing in
Bale, v. t. To free from water. See Bail. tropical countries. [Malay.]

am, fame, -far, pass or opera, fare j end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r,'
 BAMBOOZLE 39 BAR
Bamboozle, bam-boo'zl, v. t. To play tricks upon. close or fortify with a bank; to cover, as a fire, with
[Said to be of Gipsy origin.] ashes, etc.— v. i. To deposit money in a bank; to
Ban, ban.n. A public proclamation or edict inter- ; carry on banking. [AS. banc, bank, mound, OHG.
diction curse, (.pi-) Public notice of a marriage panch, bank, bench, MHG. banc, bench, table, F.
proposed.
;

—
v. t. To curse; to execrate. [AS. ge- bangue, money-changer's table.] Bank/able, a. —
bann, a proclamation, OHG. ban, a summons.] Receivable at a bank, as bills discountable, as
Banana, ba-na'na, n. A species of the plantain-tree, notes. — ;

Bank' er, n. One who keeps a bank: one

and its fruit. [Sp.] who receives and remits monev, negotiates bills of
Band, band, That with which a thing is bound or
n. exchange, etc. — Bank'ing, n. Business of a banker.
fastened. A flat, low molding; a continu-
(Arch.) — Bank'-bill, n. In Amer., a promissorv note of
ous tablet or series of ornaments the molding : a bank payable to bearer on demand; a bank note.
which encircles Gothic pillars and small shafts. See In Eng., a note or bill of exchange, of a bank, pay-
Molwkg. Means of union between persons a ; able to order. — -book, n. Book for recording bank
linen neok ornament worn by clergymen; a com- accounts. note, n. A promissory note issued by
pany united in design^esp. a body of armed men, or
of musicians. —
v. t. To bind, tie, or mark with a
band; to unite in a troop, company, or confederacy.
circulate as money.
in the capital stock of a bank.
—
a bank, payable to bearer on demand, intended to
stock, n. A 6hare or shares
— v. i. To confederate. [AS. bend, bindan, to bind; Bankrupt, bank'rupt, n. A trader who breaks or
G. bande, a gang, binden, to bind.] Band'age, -ej, — fails; one unable to pav his debts. —
a. Unable to
n. A fillet or swathe, for binding up wounds, etc. — —
pay debts; insolvent. v. t. To break in trade; to
v. t. [bandaged (-ejd), -aging.] To bind with, etc. make insolvent. [F. banqueroutte. a becoming bank-
— Bandeau, ban'do, ; pZ.-deaux, -doz.
n. A narrow rupt, fr. It. banca. bench, and rotta, broken, fr. L.
band or fillet; ahead-dress. [F.] Band'let. -elet,n.— rumpere, ruptitm, to break]. —
Bank'ruptcy, -sT, n.
(Arch.) A little band; fiat molding. Band'box, n. — State of being, or act of becoming, etc.
A light paper box. —
Ban 'dog. n. A large dog; Banner, ban'nSr, n. A militarv ensign: standard of
mastiff, [band, i. e., bound, and dog.] —Band-mas- a prince or state: pennon. [F. banniere, bandiere,
ter, n. The conductor of a band of music. fr. LL. bandum, standard, MHG. band, a band, strip
Bandana, -danna, ban-dan'na, n. A kind of silk or of cloth.] — Ban'neret, n. A knight oi the class next
cotton handkerchief. [Sp. bandana.'] below a baron, and entitled to bear a banner. [F.;
Banderole, ban'de-rol, n. A small flag carried on dim. of banner.] —Ban'nerel, n. A little flag.
ships* masts or on military weapons. [F., fr. ban- Bannock ban'nok, n. A cake made of oat, rye, pea,
diere, banner.] or barley meal. [Ga. bonnach.]
Bandit, ban'dit, n.; pi. -dits or -ditti, -diftT. A Banna, banz, n. pi." Notice given in church of an in-
lawless fellow brigand outlaw. [It. bandito, fr.
; ; I tended marriage. [See Ban.]
bandire, to banish, fr. LL. bannum, OHG. ban.] Banquet, bank'wet. n. A feast: entertainment. v. t. —
Bandoleer, ban-do-ler', n. A leathern belt, over the To treat with, etc. v. i. To regale one's self, feast. —
right shoulder, worn by ancient musketeers to sus- [F., a feast, dim. of banc, table.] Ban'queter. n. —
tain their firearms; a leather case for powder. [F. Banquette, ban-kef, n. (Fort.) raisea way inside A
bandouliere, fr. bande, band.] of a parapet, from which to fire upon the enemy.
Bandoline, ban'do-lin, n. A
gummy preparation for (F., dim. of banc]
holding the hair in place. _ Banshee, ban'she, Benshie, ben'she, n. An Irish
Bandore, ban'dor or ban-dor', n. musical instru- A
fairy that warns of impending death. [Ga. & Ir.
ment similar to a guitar. [Gr. pandoura, a musical bean, woman, and sith, fairy.]
instrument, invented by Pan.] Bantam, ban'tam, n. small variety of fowl, prob. A
Band'rol, Ban'nerol. See Banderole. fr. Bantam, in Java.
Bandy, ban'dT, n. A
hooked club for striking a ball; Banter, ban'tgr, ». r. [bantered (-terd), -tering.] To
the game played with it. v. t. —
[bandied (ban'- play upon in words and in good humor to rally,
— ;

did), bandying.] To beat to and fro, as a ball; to ridicule, deride. n. Humorous railery, pleasantry.
give and receive reciprocally to exchange, toss ; [Prob. slang, or fr. bandy.] Ban'terer, n. —
about, agitate. [F. bander, to bind, to bend (a bow), Bantingism, ban'ting-izm, n. The reducing of corpu-
also to bandv at tennis.] —
Ban'dy-leg, n. crooked A
lence by a diet excludingfarinaceous, saccharine, or
leg.— Bandy'-legged, -legd, a. oily matter. [Fr. Win. Banting, of London.]
Bane, ban, n. A
deadlv poison a cause of injury or Bantling, banfling, n. A small child; an infant. [Fr.
;

—
destruction; ruin. [AS. bona, murderer.] Bane /'- band and suffix -ling one in swaddling bands.] —
ful, a. Noxious. —Bane'rully, adv. —
Bane'fulness, Banyan. See Banian.
m. — Bane' wort, -wgrt, n. Deadly nightshade. Baobab, ba'o-bab, n. The largest known tree in the
Bang, bang, r. t. [banged (bangd), banging.] To world, a native of trop-
beat, as with a club to handle roughly.
; n. A ical Africa. —
[Native
blow. [Ic. hang, a hammering.] name, in Senegal.]
Bang, Bangue, bang, n. A narcotic and intoxicating Baptism, bap'tizm, n.
drug made from Indian wild hemp (Cannabis In- Act of baptizing; the
dica). [Pers. bang, hashish.] application of water, as g
Bangle, bap/gL, n. An ornamental ring worn upon an initiation into the
the arm, also upon the ankles in India and Africa. visible church of
[Hindoo bangri, bracelet.] Christ. [OF. baptiser,
Banian, Banyan, ban'yan or ban-yan n, Hindoo A
fr. Gr. baptizein, hap-
,

merchant; a morning gown;

the Indian fig tree, whose
B bab
Sa-^rto.^- - -

branches drop shoots which Bap'tist, n. One who administers, etc.; esp. John,
take root and form new the forerunner of Christ: as a contr. of Anabaptist,
stems. [Skr. banij, merchant, one who rejects infant baptism, and considers im-
banijya, trade; markets be- mersion essential. Bap'tistery, -tgr-1, n. A place —
ing held under the shade of where, etc.— Baptist'ic, -ical. a. Pert. to. etc.
the trees.] —
Banian days. Baptize. -Hz', v. i. [baptized (-tizdO, -tizing.] To
(Naut.) Day 8 in which sail- administer baptism to; to christen. Bapti'zer, n. —
ors have no flesh meat. Bar, bar, n. A
long piece of wood, metal, etc., esp.
Banish, ban'ish, v. t. [ban- as used for obstruction; any obstacle which hinders
ished (-isht), -ISHING.] To or defends: a barrier; a bank at the mouth of a riv-
condemn to exile to drive ; er or harbor. (Law.) The railing about the place for
awav expel. [OF. banir.
;
Banian tree. counsel in courts of justice: the plaoe in court for
See Bandit.]— Ban'iaher, n. Ban'ishment, n. Act prisoners; the legal profession; a special plea con-
of, or state of being, etc. stituting a sufficient answer to the plaintiff s action.
Ban'ister. See under Baluster. Any tribunal: the counter of a tavern, etc., over
Banjo, ban'jo, n. A
stringed instrument, resembling which liquors are sold. (Her.) horizontal mark A
the guitar and tamborine. [Corrupt, of bandore.] across the escutcheon. Measure. Measure.
Bank, hank, n. A ridge of earth steep acclivitv: a ; (Mm.) Aline drawn per-
flat; a shoal; abench of rowers in a galley. (Con;.) pendicularly across the 1
Money deposited by a number of persons for a par- staff. v. t. [barred — 1
1
ticular use prace for depositing money; a com- (bard), barring.] To
;

—
pany concerned in a bank. v. t. [banked (bankt), fasten with a bar to
Bar.
1
Double Bar.
:

banking.] To raise a mound or dike about; to in- hinder; prevent to ex- ;

sun, cube, lull ; moon, f<J6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — —— ; —

BARB 40 BAROUCHE
eept to cross with stripes or lines. TOF. barre, consideration. —
v. i. To make a contract; to agree.
—
;

W. bar, Ga. .and Ir. baiva.] Barrage, bar'rej, [OF. bargqigner, to chaffer, fr. LL. barcaniare, to
n. Amound or dyke, to raise the waters of a
—
change about, shuffle.] —
Bargainee, -gen-e r , n.
river. [F.] Barricade, bar'rY-kad', n. (Mil.) A (Laio.) The party in a contract who agrees to re-
defensive fortification to check an enemy: any bar, ceive property sold. —
Bargainer, n. The party
obstruction, or means of defense. v. t. To fortify — who stipulates to sell and convey, etc. Bargain- —
with any slight work. [F., f r. Sp. bamcada, f r. bar- or, -gen-6r r n. (Laiv.) One rrho makes a contract.
rica, a barrel.] —
Bar'rier, -rY-er, n. (Fort.) kind A Barge, barj, n.
,

A
pleasure boat; a large boat for pas-
of fence, to stop an enemy. A
fortress on the frontier sengers or goods. [OF. barge, L. and Gr. bans, a
of a country; any obstruction: limit or boundary
— flatEgyptian row-boat, Coptic bari, boat.] Bargee, —
[F. barrvere, fr. barre.] Bar'rier-reef, n. coral A bar-je' Barge'man, ?;. One who manages a barge. —
reef, parallel to a shore, usually of an island, and -master, n. Proprietor of, etc.
inclosing a lagoon. — Barrister, n. A counselor ad- Barilla, ba-ril'la, n. (Bot.) A
sea-shore plant yield-
mitted to plead at the bar. — Bar'-iron, bar'I-ern, n. ing soda. (Com.) Alkali produced from the plant;
Iron in long pieces, hammered or rolled out of pud- impure soda, from ashes of sea-shore plants. [Sp.]
dle-balls,
who sells liquor
etc. — shot, n.
made from pigs.
at a bar. —
keeper, -tender, n. One
maid, n. A woman who,
Cannon-shot, consisting of a bar,
Baritone. See Barytone.
Barium, ba'rY-um, n. The metallic basis of baryta.
[Gr. barus, heavy.]
with balls at the ends. — Bar'ring-out,
n. Act of Bark, bark, n. The exterior covering of a tree; the
1

fastening school-room doors against a school-master. rind. —

v. t. [barked (barkt), barking.] To strip
Barb, barb, n. Beard, or that which resembles it; the the bark from: to peel; to cover or inclose with
point that stands backward in an arrow, fish-hook, bark. [Sw. & Dan.] —
Bark/bound, -bownd, a. Hav-
etc.; armor anciently worn by horses, set with iron ing the bark too firm or close. —Bark 'er, n. One
spikes. —
v. t. To furnish with barbs; to clothe, as a who strips trees of, etc. Bark'ery, -er-Y, n. — tan- A
horse, with _armor. [F. b&rbe, L. barba, beard.] — house. —
Bark'y, -Y, a. Of, or containing, etc.
Bar'bate, -bat, a. (Bot.) Bearing lines, spots, or Bark, bark, n. The noise made by a dog. v. i. To —
tufts of hair bearded. ; —
Bar'bated, a. Having make the noise of dogs; to clamor. [AS. beorcan,
barbed points. —
Bar'bel, n. process appended to A Ic. berkja, to bark.] —
Bark'er, n. One who, etc.
the mouth of certain fishes a fresh-water fish, hav-
; Bark, Barque, bark, n. (Naut.) three-masted ves- A
ing four such barbs; superfluous flesh growing in a sel, having fore and
horse's mouth. —
Bar'ber, n. One who shaves the main masts rigged
beard, and cuts and dresses the hair, of others. — as a ship, and the
v. t. To shave and dress the hair of. mizzen as a schoon-
Barb, barb, n. A
horse of the breed originating in er ; any small ves-
Barbary; a pigeon, orig. fr. Barbary. sel. [F. barque; Sp.,
Barbacan, -bican, bar'bY-kan, it. '(Fort.) An ad- & LL. barca.
Ital.,
vanced work defending the entrance to a castle or See Barge.] —
city. An opening in the wall of a fortress for guns. Bark'entine, -ten,
[OF. barbacane.] n. A three-masted
Barbarian, bar-ba'rY-an, n. A man in his rude, unciv- vessel, with fore-
ilized state; a cruel, savage, brutal man. a. Pert, — mast rigged like a
to, or resembling savages; rude; inhuman. [L. bar- ship, main and miz-
bants, Gr. barbaros.] —
Barbaric, -bar'ik, a. For- zen masts like a Bark.
eign; pert, to, or resembling, etc. Bar'barism, -ba- — schooner.
rizm, n. An uncivilized state or condition; speech Barley, bar'lY, n. A
grain, of the grass family, used
contrary to the idioms of a language. Barbarity, — for making malt. [AS. bse.rlic, fr. bere, barley, and
-bar'Y-tY, n. Manners of a barbarian; savageness; lie, for lee, a plant.] —
Barley -brake, -break, -brak,
cruelty. —
Bar'barize, -riz, v. i. To become barba- n. A
game, played round stacks of grain. corn,
rous; to use a foreign or barbarous mode of speech. n. A
grain of barley, about £ inch in length a
— v. t. To make barbarous. Bar'barous, -rus, a. — measure of length. sugar, -shug'er, n. Sugar
;

Uncivilized : cruel contrary to the idioms of a lan-

guage. —
;

Barbarously, adv.— Bar'barousness, n.

Barbate, See under Barb.
ley), and candied.
tion of barley.
—
boiled till brittle (formerly with a decoction of bar-
water, -waw'ter, n. decoc- A
Barbeeue, bar'be-ku, n. A
hog, ox, etc., roasted Barm, barm, n. Foam rising upon fermenting malt
whole; an open-air entertainment at which animals liquors, used as leaven in oread. [AS. beorma.] —
are roasted whole. v. t. —
[barbecued (-kud), -cu- Barm'y, -Y, a. Containing barm or yeast.
ing.] To dress and roast whole. [Prob. fr. F. barbe- Barn, barn, n. A
building for storing grain, hay, etc.;
d-nueue, from snout to tail.] also for stabling cattle and horses. [AS. berern,
Barberry, bar'ber-rY, Berberry, ber'ber-rl, n. (Bot.) bern, fr. bere, barley, and em, a storage place.]
A hedge plant, bearing berries used for preserves. Barnacle, bar'na-kl, n. shell-fish. A
[L. bemacula.']
[F. and LL. berberis, fr. Ar. barbaris.] —A species of goose found in the northern seas.
Barbet, bar-bef. n. A curly-haired variety of dog; [Perh. fr. LL. Hiberniculse, Irish birds.] pi. (Far.) —
a kind of bird having bristles at the base of the An instrument to put upon a horse's nose, to con-
beak; a species of worm, which feeds on the aphis. fine him. A
pair of spectacles. [Prov. F. berniqites,
[F., fr. barbe, beard, long hair.] OF. bericles, spectacles, fr. L.beryllus, crystal, from
Barbette, bar-bef, n. (Fort.) mound of earth A which spectacles were made.]
bearing guns to fire over the top of the parapet. See Barometer, ba-rom'e-ter, n. An instrument for de-
Casemate. [F.] termining the weight of the atmosphere, changes of
Barbican. SeeBARBACAN. weather, or height of an ascent. TGr. baros, weight,
Bard, bard, n. A
Celtic minstrel; a poet. [Ga. and Ir.; and metron, measure.] — Barometric, -rical, a. Pert,
—
W. bardd.] Bardic, a. Pert, to, etc. to, or made by, etc. —
Baromefncally, adv. —
Bare, bar, a. Without covering naked with the ; ; Barom'etry, -e-trY, n. Measurement by, etc. Baro- —
head uncovered ; destitute empty mere; simple.
; ; scope, bar'o-skop, n. An instrument showing
— v. t. [bared (bard), baring.] To strip off the changes in the weight of the atmosphere. [Gr. sko-
covering of; to make naked. [AS. bier.]— Under pein, to view.] —
Baroscop'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or
larepoles. (JYaut.) Having no sails set. Bare'ly, — determined by, etc.
IT, Only; nearly; nakedlv.
adv. Bare'ness, n.— — Baron, bar'un, n. In Eng. the lowest title of nobility;
Bare'back, a'dv. On the bare back, as of a horse; one ranking between a viscount and baronet. (Law.)
without a saddle. —
-faced, -fast, a. With the face A husband. [F. baron, OF. and OHG. bar, L. vir, a
man.] (Cooken/.) A double sirloin. —
uncovered; without concealment: shameless; impu-
dent. facedly, -fast-It, adv. facedness, n. foot, — — Bar'onage, n.
The whole body of barons or peers; the dignity of,
—
Having, etc.
uncovered.
—
a. &adv. With the feet bare. footed, -foot-ed, a.
headed, -hed-ed, a. Having the head
legged, -legd, a. With the legs bare.
etc.; the land which gives title to, etc.
n.
etc. —
Bar'oness.
A baron's wife or lady Baro'nial, a. Pert, to,
.

Bar'ony, n. The lordship, honor, or fee of,

—
Bare. The old preterit of bear; now bore. See Bear. etc.— Bar'onet, n. A dignity next below a. baron
Barege, ba-razh/, n. A
thin dress stuff, of worsted or and above a knight. [Dim. of baron.] Baronet- —
silk and worsted. [F. Bareges, a town in France.] age, n. The collective body of, etc. the state of, ;

Bargain, biir'gen, n. An agreement concerning the etc.— Bar'onetcy, n. The rank of, etc.
.sale of property any agreement or stipulation a Barouche, ba-roosh', ». A four-wheeled carriage, with
gainful transaction
;

; contract ; purchase. —
v. t.
;

a falling top. [It. buroccio, chariot, fr. L. birotvs,

[bargained (-gend), -gaining.] To transfer for a two-wheeled.]

am. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tgrm ; Yn, Ice ; 5dd, tSne, Sr
 BARQUE 41 BASTE
Barque. See Bark. umn between pedestal and shaft: the lower project-
Barrack, bar'rak, n. {Mil.) A hut or house for soldiers, ing part of a wall. (Chem.) The principal element
t-sp. in garrison. [F. baraque, fr. It. baracca, a tent.] of a compound. (Dyeing.) A substance used as a
— Barracoon, bar'ra-koon', n. A slave warehouse, mordant. (Mil.) A protected tract of country, from
or an inclosifre for slaves. which an army conducts operations. (Sunt.) A line
Barrator, bar'ra-ter, n. An encourager of litigation from which to" compute the distances and positions
a shipmaster who commits fraud in its management. of outlying points, —
v. t. [based (bast), basing.]
[LL. baratator, a deceiver, fr. baratare, to deceive. To put on a base or basis; to found. [F. base, L. and
See Barter.] —
Barratrous, -trus, a. (Law.) Gr. basis, step, pedestal, fr. Gr. bainein, to step.] —
Tainted with, etc. —
Barratry, -trt, n. (Law.) Basis, ba'sis, n. ; pi. Ba'ses, -sez. That on which a
Practice of encouraging law-suits. (Com.) A fraud- thing rests; groundwork or first principle. Ba'sal. —
ulent breach of duty by a ship-master or mariners. a. Pert, to, or constituting, etc. —
Ba'sic, a.
Barrel, bar'rel, n. A
round, bulgy vessel or cask; (Chem.) Relating to, or performing the office of, a
the quantity contained in it, —varying from 31£ to base; having the base in excess. —
Ba'sify, -sl-h",
.36 gallons; any hollow cylinder. — v. t. [barreled v.t. (Chem?) Toconvertintoasalifiableba.se. [L.
(-reld), -reling.] To put or pack in, etc. [OF. bareil, facere. to make.] —
Basilar, baz'T-lar, Basilary,
f r. barre ; W.
baril, fr. bar ; Ga. baraill, f r. barra, baz'T-la-rY, a. Relating to, or situated at, etc. —
bar, —barrels being made of bars or staves.] Baseless, a. Without foundation. —
Base'-ball,
Barren, bar'ren, a. Incapable of producing offspring: n. A game, so-called from bases designating a cir-
producing nothing; sterile; dull; empty. Ele- — cuit each player must make after striking the ball.

[OF. baraigne.] Barrenly, adv.

n.
vated lands, producing small trees, but not timber.
— —
Barrenness, n.
— line, n. A main line taken as a base of opera-
tions; a line round a cannon at rear of the vent.
Barricade, Barrier, Barrister. See under Bar. -plate, n. The foundation-plate of machinery.
Barroque, bar-i-ok', n. Inharmonious and untasteful Bashaw, ba-shaw'. Pacha, Pasha. pa-shaW, n. A
architecture; rococo. [F., fr. L. verruca, a wart.] Turkish title of honor; a haughty, imperious per-
Barrow, bar'ro, n. A hand-carnage. [AS. berewe, son. [At. basha. Per. pasha, fr. Per. pad, powerful,
fr. beran, beoran, to bear.] —
A hog, esp. a male hog and shah, king.]
castrated. [AS. bearg, Skr. baraha, hog.] mound —A Bashful, bash'ful, a. Having a down-cast look: very
raised over graves, esp. of those fallen in battle. [AS. modest. [See Abash.] —
Basb/ fully, adv.— Bash/ful-
beorg, beorh, hill, mound, beorgan, to shelter.]
f r. ness, n. Quality of being, etc. diffidence.
;

Barsac, bar'sak, n. A
kind of Sau'terne wine. Basement. See under Base. a. f
Barter, bar'ter, ?•. i. [bartered (-tgrd), -tering.] Basic, Basis, etc. See under Base. n.
To traffic by exchanging one commodity for another. Basil, baz'il, n. The angle to which the cutting edge
— v.t. To exchange,~or give in exchange.— n. Actof, of a tool is ground. —
v. t. [basiled (baz'ild), bas-
practice of, etc.; thing given in exchange; dealing; iling.] To grind or form to an angle. [OF. and
traffic. [OF. bareter. to cheat, to exchange, barat,
— Sp. bisel, sloping edge.] n. —A fragrant aromatic
fraud, barter.] Bar'terer, n. plant. [Gr. basilUce.% royal.] n. —The skin of a
Bartizan, bar'tT-zan', n. A small overhanging tur- sheep tanned. [F. butane.']
ret, projecting from angles of towers, parapets, etc. Basilic, ba-ziKik. Basilica,-ziKl-ka. n. A king's pal-
[It. bertesca, a kind of parapet.] ace; a large hall or court of justice: a church, chapel,
Baryphony, ba-rif 'o-nl, n. (Med.) Difficulty of speech. or cathedral. [Gr. basilike, royal (house), fr. bas-
[Gr. bar us. heavy, and phone, voice.] ileus, king.] —
Basilic, -ical, a. In the manner
Baryta, ba-ri'ta^. (Mia.) The heaviest of the earths. of a public edifice or cathedral. (Anat.) Pert, to
— Bary'tes, -tez, a. Sulphate of baryta; heavy -spar. the middle vein of the right arm. —
Basil'icon, n.
— Barytic, -rit'ik, a. Pert, to, formed of, or con- (Med.) An ointment of wax, pitch, resin, and olive-
taining, etc. —Bary'tum, Ba'rium, -rT-um, n. A oil.
metal, the base of baryta. _ [Gr. barus.] Basilisk, baz'i-lisk, n. A fabulous serpent, wnose
Barytone, Baritone, bar'T-ton, a. (Mus.) Grave and breath and look were thought to be fatal. (Nat.
deep. (Gr. Gram.) Not marked with an accent Hist.) A
genus of lizards. [Gr. basiliskos, dim. of
on the last syllable. n. (Mus.)— A
male voice be- basileus, the animals having crown-like crests.] —
tween bass and tenor. (Greek Gram.) word A (Mil.) A
large piece of ordnance.
unmarked on the last syllable, the grave accent be- Basin, ba'sn, n. A
hollow vessel, to hold water; any
ing understood. [Gr. barus and tonos, tone.] hollow place containing water. (Geol.) A forma-
Basal. See under Base, n. tion, where the strata dip inward toward the center.
Basalt, ba-sawlf, n. (Min.) A
rock of igneous origin, (Physical Geog.) A
circular or oval valley the ;

usually of a greenish-black color. A

kind of black tract of country drained by a river. [OF. bacin
porcelain. [L. basaltes (an African word), Ethio- Ga. bac, a hollow, D. bah, Dan. bakke, tray, trough.]
pian marble.] —
Basaltic, a. Pert, to, formed of, or Bask, bask, v. i. [basked (baskt). basking.] To lie
containing, basalt. in warmth; to be exposed to genial heat. —
v. t. To
Bas-bleu. ba-ble' or ba-bloo', n. A
literary lady; a warm with genial heat. [0.~ Scand. badhask. Ic.
blue-stocking. [F. bas. stocking, bleu, blue.] badhast, to bathe one's self.]
Base, bas, a. Of humble birth and low degree il- ; Basket, bas'ket, n. A
vessel made of twigs, rushes,
legitimate by birth; low in value or estimation; etc., interwoven. TW. basged. f r. basg, a plaiting, Ir.
morally low; unworthy; mean; vile; not refined; bascrid.] —
Bas'ketful, r. The contents of, etc.—
deep or grave in sound. (Law.) Not held by hon-
orable service. [F. bas, fern, basse, It. basso. LL.
Bas'ket-fish, n. A kind of star-fish. —
hilt, n.
hilt having a basket-like covering for the haad.
A
bassus.J —Base'ly, adv. In a base manner; illegit- Bason. See Basix.
imately.— Base'ness, n. —
Base-born, Basque, bask. n. A
part of a lady's dress, resembling
-born, a. Born of low parentage, or out a jacket. [Prob. fr. the dress of the Basques, or
of wedlock. —
Base or Bass, bas, a. people of Biscay.]
(Mus.) Deeporgravein sound. n. The — Bass, bas, n. sing.'"& pi. A food fish of several species.
lowest musical part the gravest male
; [AS. baers, G. bars, borsch, a perch.] The trel tree,
voice. —Bassist, n. A
singer of base. or its bark, used for mats, etc. [Corrupt, of bast.]
— Basso, bas'so, n. The bass part; Bass. Basso. Bassoon, Bass-relief. See under Base, a.
—
one who sings it. [It.] Bassoon, bas- Basset, bas'set or bas-sef, n. A
game at cards, re-
soon', n. (Mus.) A
wind instrument, sembling faro. [It. bassetto, dim. of basso, low.]
resembling a flute, having a very low Basset, bas'set, n. (Geol.) Emergence of strata
note. [F. baeson, fr. bas ; It. bassone, fr. at the surface. —
v. i. —
To crop ouf. a. Inclined
basso.] —
Bassoon'ist.rt. A
performer —
upward. [OF., dim. of bas, low.] Bas'seting, n.
on, etc. —Bass-viol, bas'vi'ol, n. (Mus.) L pward direction of a vein or stratum.
A stringed instrument for the bass part; Bast, bast, n. Inner bark of the lime tree; matting;
violoncello. —
Bas-relief, ba-re-lef, cordage, etc., made of the bark. [AS. bsest, lime
Bass-relief, bas're-lef, Bas'so-rilie'vo, tree; Ic, Sw., Dan., and G. bast, bast.]
-re-le-a'vo, n. Sculpture, whose figures Bastard, bas'terd, n. An illegitimate child: an infe-
do not stand out far from the ground on rior quality of brown sugar: mold for draining su-
which they are formed. [F. relief. It. gar. —a. Illegitimate; spurious: adulterate. [OF.,
riliero, fr. L. relevare, to raise, lift up.] the son of a bast (not of a bed), f r. bast, bd-t, pack-
— Base'ment, n. (Arch.) The lowest saddle.] —
Bas'tardize, -Iz, v. t. [bastardized C-izd >,
story of a building. [It. bassamento.] -izing.] To make or prove to be, etc. —
Bas ' tardy, -

Base, has, n. The bottom; the part of a -tf'-dT, n. State of being, etc.; illegitimacy.
thing on which it stands. (Arch.) The part of a col Baste, bast, v. t. To beat; to cudgel; to sprinkle

sun, cube, full ; moon, fottt ; cow, oil ; linger ©?• ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 . — ; — —

BASTILE 42 BE
flour and salt and drip butter or fat on, as on meat tere for batuere, to beat.] —
Bat'tle array, -ar-ra'.
in roasting. Tic. beysta, to beat.] Order of battle. — kind of ax A
— A—
-ax, -axe, n. (Mil.)
Bastile, bas-teK, n. Orig., a wooden tower used in formerly used as a weapon. field, n. The place
warfare ; any tower or fortification ; esp. an old where a battle is fought. drawn battle. One in
fortification in Paris, used as a state prison, but de- whieh neither party gains a victory. A pitched b.
molished in 1789. [OF. bastille, f r. bastir, to build.] One in which the armies have been drawn up in
Bastinade, bas-tY-nad', -nado, -na'do, n. beating or A form.— Battalia, -tSl'ya, n. Disposition of troops,
cudgeling; esp. the Chinese and Turkish punish- brigades, regiments, battalions, etc., as for action.
ment of beating on the soles of the feet. v. t. To — [L.J —Battalion, -tSl'yun, n. body of infantry, A
beat with a cudgel, esp. on the soles of the feet. containing several companies, and less than a regi-
fSp., bastonada, fr. baston, baton, stick.] ment. [FT bataillon, fr. It. battaglione.] Battel, —
Bastion, basfyun, n. (Fort.) A
projecting part of the bat'tl, n. (Law.) A
species of trial in which one
main inclosure, consisting of accused of felony fought with his accuser, to prove
faces and the flanks. [F., fr. It. his guilt or innocence.
bastione, fr. bastire, to build.] Battle-door, bat'tl-dor. n. An instrument with a
Basyle, bas'il, n. (Chein.) An elec- handle and flat board, used to strike a shuttle-cock.
tro-positive ingredient of a com- [Corrupt, fr. Sp. batidor or Provencal batedor, a bat
pound. [Gr. basis, base, and huh, for beating clothes in washing.]
wood.] Battlement, bat'tl-ment, n. (Arch.) An indented
Bat, bat, n. A club, used in playing * parapet, orig. used on
ball; a sheet of cotton prepared for filling quilts; fortifications. [OF. bas-
a piece of a brick. —
v. i. To manage a bat, or play tiUement, fr. bastiller, to
with one. [Ir. and Ga. bat, cudgel.] Bat 'let, n. — fortify, fr. bastir, to
A small bat for beating washed linen. Bats'man, — build.]
Bat'ter, Bat'ster, n. The player holding the bat. Battue, bat' tod, n. Act of
Bat, n. Awinged mammal hav- beating woods, etc., for
ing a body like a mouse. game the game itself.
;

[ME. and Dan. bakke Ic. [F., f r. battre, to beat.]

blaka, to flutter, flap.]
;

— Baubee, Bawbee, baw-be',

Bat'fowl'ing, n. A
mode of n. A half-penny. [Scotch
catching birds at night by corrup. of F. bas-billon. Battlement,
torch-light. —
Baf a'-wing, n. base bullion or coin.]
A gas-burner having a flame Bauble, Bawble, baw'bl, n. A trifling piece of finery;
shaped like, etc. Bat -
a gew-gaw. —
A fool's bauble. A
short stick with a
Batch, bach, n. The quantity of bread baked at one head and ass's ears carved on it. [F. babiole, It. bab-
time; any business dispatched at once; any quantity bola, a child's toy; LL. babulus, foolish.]
of things so united as to have like qualities. [ME. Bauxite, Beauxite, bsk'slt, n. (Jfin.) ferruginous A
bacche, a baking, fr. AS. bacan, to bake.] hydrate of alumina, used in preparing aluminium
Bate, bSt, v. t. To lessen; to abate; .to allow by way and alumina, and for lining furnaces exposed to in-
of deduction. [Fr. abate.} —
Ba'ting, p. pr. used as tense heat.
prep. With the exception of; excepting. Bawd, bawd, n. One who keeps a brothel, and con-
Bateau, bat-o', n.;pl. Bateaux, bat-5z'. Alight boat. ducts criminal intrigues. v. i. —
To procure women
[F.j AS. bat.] —
Bateau bridge. floating bridge A for lewd purposes. [OF. baud, bald, gay, wanton,
supported by bateaux. OHG. bald, bold.] —
Bawd'ily, adv. Obscenely;
Bath, bath, n. ; pi. Baths, bathz. A place to bathe in; lewdly.— Bawd'iness, n. —
Bawd'ry, -ri, n. Prac-
act of exposing the body to water or vapor. (Chem.) tice of procuring women, etc.; obscenity; illicit in-
A medium, as heated sand, through which heat is tercourse. —
Bawd'y, a. Obseene; filthy; unchaste.
applied to a body. [AS. bseth.] AHebrew measure.— — Bawd'y-heuse, n. A
house of prostitution.
— Bath/ -brick, n. A brick made of calcareous earth Bawl, bawl, v. i. [bawled (bawld), bawling.] To
for cleaning metal. —
Bathe, bathe, v.t. [bathed cry with vehemence. —
v. t. To proclaim by outcry.
(barhd), bathing.] To wash by immersion; to mois- — n. A loud, prolonged cry. [Ic. baula, to low, to
ten with a liquid, —
v. i. To be, or lie, in a bath; to bellow, Sw. bala.] —
Bawl'er, n.
immerse. —
n. A bath. —
Batb/er, n. Batb/ing-tub, — Bay, ba, a. Red or reddish, inclining to a chestnut
n. A vessel
for bathing. color. [OF. bat, L. badius.] —
Bay'ard, -ard, n. A
Bathos, ba'thos, n. (Rhet.) A ludicrous descent horse of a bay color; any horse.
from the elevated to the mean. [Gr., depth.] Bay, ba, n. An inlet of the sea. (Arch.) division A
Bating. See under Bate. in the arrangement of a building ; an inclosed
Baton, ba-toN', Batoon, ba-toon', n. A staff or trun- place in a barn, for hay. [F. baie, L. baia, inlet,
cheon. (Her.) A bar on an escutcheon, denoting harbor.] —
Bay'win'dow, n. (Arch.) A projecting
bastardy. [F. baton.'] window, forming a bay or recess; bow-window.—
Batrachian, ba-tra'kt-an, a. Pert, to animals of the Bay'salt, n. Salt obtained from sea-water.
frog tribe. [Gr. batrachos, frog.] Bay, ba, The laurel tree pi., an honorary crown,
n. ;

Battalia, Battalion, Battel. See under Battle. anciently made of laurel tranches. [F. baie, L.
Batten, bat'n, v. t. [battened (-tend), -tening.] bacca, a berry.] —
Bayberry, -ber-ri, n. The fruit
To fatten; to fertilize, as land. v. i. To grow fat, of the laurel tree; the wax-myrtle, or its fruit.
live in luxury. [Ic. batna, to grow better; Goth. Fragrant liquor distilled from
gabatndn, to profit.] n. —
or scantling; the movable bar of a loom.
A
narrow pieoe of board,
v. t. To —
-rum, -water, n.
bay leaves. —
tree, n. A
species of laurel.
Bay, ba, n. Act of facing an antagonist when escape
fasten with battens. [F. baton, stick. J Bat'tening, — is impossible, —v. i. To bark, as a dog, at his game.
n. Batten* fixed to walls for nailing laths to. — v. t. To bark at. [F. abbayer, fr. L. ad and bau-
Batter, bat'ter, w. t. [battered (-terd), -tering.] To bari, to yelp.]
beat repeatedly and with violence ; esp. to attack Bayonet, ba^o-net, n. (Mil.) A dagger fitted upon the
with artillery; to wear with beating or hy use. n. — —
muzzle of a gun. v. t. To stab with, or drive by,
(Cookery.) A mixture of several ingredients, beaten etc. [Fr. Bayonne, France, where they were made.]
up with some liquid. [F. battre, fr. L. batere, bat- Bayou, bl'oo, n. The outlet of a lake; a channel for
uere, to beat.] —
Bat'terer, n. —
Bat'tering-ram. n. water. [F. boyi gut. bowel,
(MiL) An engine formerly used to beat down the Bazaar, Bazar,
'
n. In the East,
b«a-zar'.n.
n, ba-zar', J a market-place,
walls of besieged places a blacksmith's haminer, or assemblage of shops; a hall or suite of rooms for
suspended, and worked horizontally.
;

— Bat'tery, the sale of goods. [Per. bazar.]

Act of battering. (Mil.) Any place where
-ter-T, n.
cannon are mounted; a body of cannon taken col-
lectively. (Elec.) A
number of coated jars, con-
nected, to be charged and discharged simultane-
ously. ( Gatv ) An apparatus for generating galvanic
electricity. (Law.) Unlawful beating of another.
Batter, Batster. See under Bat.
Batting, baf ting a. Cotton or wool in sheets; bat.
Battle, bat'tl, n. A oetween enemies or oupus-
fighti between
Bdellium, deryum, n. A
resinous exudation from
an Oriental tree. [Gr. bdelKon, Heb. b'dolakh.]
Be-, prefix, has sometimes an intensive force, as be-
sprinkle. Prefixed to nouns or adjectives, it often
has the meaning to make, and transforms them into
verbs : thus Bedim, Befool, mean to make dim,
to make a fool of. Sometimes it has the meaning of
by, as beside. For words beginning with Be- not
oppos- found in this vocabulary, see the original word thus, :

ing forces; combat; « agagement.— v. i. [battled for Bedaub, Bedim, etc., see Daub, Dim, etc.
(bat'ld), BATTLING.] To contend in fight. [OF. Be, v. i. and auxiliary, [imp. was p. p. been ; p. pr. ;

oataille, a fight, also, a battalion, L. batalia, f r. ba-

>attalion, f r. L>. and vb. n. being.] To exist logically, or actually;
\m. fame. far. pass or opera, fare ; end. eve, tSrui ; tn. Ice ; 8dd. tone, 6r
 BEACH 43 BEAU
to exist in some particular
state or relation; to pass beam, rafter, etc. (Her.) An emblem or charge in
from one state to another to become. [AS. beon,
; an escutcheon. (Mach.) The part in contact with
"W. bod, L. fore, Gr. phuein, Skr. bhu, to be.] —Ber- which a journal moves; part of a shaft or axle in
ing, n. Existence, state, condition; anything ex- contact with supports.
isting. — Let be. To let alone, leave untouched. — Be Bear, bar, n. A quadruped of the genus Ursua ; a brutal,
it so. Suppose it to be so; let it be so. roughly-behaved per-
Beach, been, n. A
sandy or pebbly shore; strand. son. (Stock Exchange.)
v. t. To run upon a beach. fSw. backe, Dan. bakke, One who contracts to'
rising ground, Ic. bakki, a riage.] deliver, at some future
Beacon, De'kn, n. A fire to signal an enemy's ap- time, stocks which he
proach. (Naut.) A signal or mark near the shore, does not own, and
or in shoal water, to guide mariners. That which therefore seeks to pull
warns of danger. v. U —
[beaconed (be'knd), down their value, —
-coning.] To give light to, as a beacon. [AS. beacen.'] opp. to a bull, who con-
— Bea'conage, n. Money paid to maintain, etc. tracts to take stocks,
Bead, bid, «. A
little ball, to be strung on a thread, and seeks to raise their
and worn for ornament, or for counting prayers, value. (Astron.) One Rear
BIac * tieaT
etc. any small globular body.
; —
v.t. To ornament of two constellations
Ttlar>V '

with beads. [ME. bede, bead, AS. bed, prayer, fr, in the northern hemisphere, the Greater and Lesser
bidden, to pray.]— Bead'ing, n. {Arch.) A molding Bear, or Ursa Major and Ursa Minor. v. t. —
in imitation of beads. A preparation to make liquor [beared (bard), bearing.] To depress the value of
hang in drops on the surface of a glass vessel. — (stocks) to depreciate by alarming rumors. [AS.
;

Bead'-proef, a. So strong that, when shaken, bub- and Ic. bera, Skr. bhalla, a bear.] Bear'ish, a. —
bles will remain on the surface, —
said of spirituous Rude violent. —
Bear'bait'ing, -bafing, n. The
liquors. —
Bead'y, a. Resembling beads
round, and glistening. —
small,
Bead' -roll, -rol, n. (Bom.
;

n. A
;

sport of causing bears to fight with dogs. garden,

place where bears are kept lor sport; a turbu-
—
Cath. Church.) A
list of those for whom prayers lent assembly. skin, n. The skin of a bear; a
are to be counted off on beads; a catalogue in gen-
eral. — Beadsman, bedz'man, n. ; pi. Beadsmen.
coarse, shaggy cloth.
—Bear's'-foot, n. (Bot.)
ward, n. —
keeper of bears.
A
species of hellebore.
A
One employed in praying, who drops a bead at each -grease, n. The fat of a bear, used in pomatum.
prayer. —
Bead'house, Bede 'house, n. home for A Beard, berd, «. The hair on the chin and adjacent
poor persons, who must pray for the soul of the parts of the face the long hairs on a plant the
founder; an alms-house. awn. —v. t.
;

To seize or pull by the beard to set at ;

;

Beadle, be'dl, n. A
messenger or crier of a court; an defiance. [AS.] —
Beard'ed, a. Beardless, a. —
officer in a university, who precedes processions Beast, best, n. A
four-footed animal; a brute; a de-
an inferior parish officer. [OF. bedel, MHG. biitel, graded or brutal man. [OF. beste, F. bete, L. bestia.]
a beadle s. rt. AS. hew Ian, to bid, proclaim.]
;
— —Beastliness, n. State or quality of being beastly;
Bea'dle-sbip, n. Office of. etc. brutality; filthiness. —
Beast'ly, -IT, Bestial, besf-
Beagle, be'gl, n. A
small hound, used in hunting yal, a. Pert, to, having the form or nature of, or re-
hares. [E.] sembling, a beast filthy carnal; depraved. —
Beak, bek, n. The bill or nib of a bird, turtle, etc. Beast'liness, ». — ;

Bestiality, -yal'I-tT, n. Brutism;

;

anything pointed or projecting like a beak. [F. bee, beastliness; unnatural connection with a beast.
L.L. beccusj Armor, bek, a beak, Ga. beic, W. pig.] — Bes'tialize, v. t. To make bestial. Bes'tiaily, adv. —
Beaked, _bekt, a. Having, or formed like, etc. Beat, bet, v. t. [beat; beatotbeaten; beating.] To
Beaker, bek'Sr, n. A
large drinking-cup or vessel. strike repeatedly, pound, maul, f'.rub to break or ;

[OS. bikeri; LL. bicarium, fr. Gr. bikos, a wine jar.] form by beating; to scour or range over; to overcome
Beam, bem, n. Any large, long piece of timber; a in contest, conquer, vanquish to indicate by beat- ;

main timber of a building, ship, loom, plow, etc.; ing a drum. —

the part of a balance, from which the scales hang;
pole of a carriage; shank of an anchor; a collection
of parallel _rays from a luminous body. v. t.
[beamed (bemd), beaming.] To send forth; to emit.
— v. i. To emit rays of light; to shine. [AS. beam,
tree, ray of light, OHG. paum, a tree.] Beam'y,
a. Emitting rays of light radiant ; resembling a
;
v.t. To strike repeatedly; to throb,
pulsate; to come or ac* with violence; to be in agita-
tion or doubt. (Nam.) To sail against the direc-
— tion of the wind. —
To beat about. To try to find. —
To b. up for. To go about to enlist men for the ar-
my. — To be b. out. To be extremely fatigued.—
— To b. time. To measure or regulate time in music
by motion of hand or foot.— To b. up. To attack

beam in size and weight; massy. Beam'less, a. — — suddenly. —

Beat, n. A stroke blow a recurring ; ;

Beam'bird, n. The spotted fly-catcher. engine, stroke; pulsation. (Mm.) The rise or fall of the
-en'jin, n. A
steam-engine transmitting power by a hand or foot, in regulating time; a transient grace-
working Learn. See Steam-engine. tone, struck immediately before the one it orna-
Bean, ben, n. A leguminous plant, and its seed. ments. A course frequently gone over; a place of
— A
fly found on bean flowers. —
a. Weary; tired; fatigued. [AS.
—[AS.] Bean'-fly, n.
goose, n. A
migratory goose, feeding on beans.
Bear, bar, v. t. [imp. bore (formerly bare); p.p.
habitual resort.
beatan, to beat.] —
Beat'ing, n. Act of giving blows;
Eunishment by blows; pulsation; throbbing. (Naut.)
born, borne; p. pr. & vb. n. bearing.] To support or ailing against the wind by tacks. Beaten, bet'n, —
sustain, convey; to possess and use; to carry, wear; p. a. Smoothed by beating; worn by use. Beat'er, —
to entertain to endure, tolerate, suffer; to be an-
; n. One who, etc.; an instrument for pounding.
swerable for; to oarry on, or maintain to admit or ; Beatify, be-at'T-fi, v. t. [beatified (-fid), -fying.]
be capable of to behave, act ; to supply with to To pronounce or regard as happy. (Bom. Cath.
;

bring forth, give birth to. —

v. i. To produce, be
;

Church.) To declare that one is received into heaven.

fruitful; to press; to take effect; to be situated, [Li. beatus, happy, and facere, factum, to make.] —
with respect to something else; to relate or Fefer to. Beatific, -a-til'ik, -tif'ical, a. Imparting or complet-
[AS. beran, Goth, bairan, L./erre, Gr.pherein, Skr. ing blissful enjoyment. —
Beatifically, adv.— Beat'-
bhri.]—To bear away, or up. (Naut.) To change the ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Rom. Cath. Church.)
course of a ship, and make her run before the wind. An act of the pope declaring a person beatified after
— To b. back. To retreat. —
To b. down upon. (Naut.) death. —
Beat'itude, -tad, n. Felicity of the highest
To drive or tend to.— To b. off. (Naut.) To steer kind; pi. the declarations of blessedness made by
away from land or another vessel. Tob.up. To
—
— our Savior in regard to particular virtues.
stand firm. To h. upon. To aet or be in position to Beau, bo, n. ; pi. F. Beaux, E. Beaus, boz. A man of
act, upon. — To b. with. To endure to be indulgent ; dress; ada,ndy; a fine, gay man; a ladv's attendant
C./.— To b. ahand. (Naut.) To assist; to make haste, or suitor. [F. beau, bel, fern, belle, firfe. "beautiful, fr.
be quick.— To b. date. To be dated.— To b. down. L. bellus, f r. bonus, benus, jjood. ] —
Beau'ish, a. Like
To overwhelm or crush by force. Tob. out. To — a beau; foppish. —
Beau'jolais, -zho-la, n. A light
maintain and support to the end— To b. through. red Burgundy wine. —
Beau ideal, -i-de'al. A
—
To conduct or manage. Bear'able, a. Endurable. conception of perfect or consummate beauty. [F.,
— Bear'er, ». One who. or that which, etc.; one who beautiful ideal.] —
Beau monde, -moNd^. The f ash-
assists in carrying a body to the grave. (Com.) One ionable world. [F., fine world.] —
Bel-esprit, bel'es-
who holds a check, note, draft, etc., for the payment pre', n. ; pi. Beaux-esprits, o-zes-prf. fine A
of money. —Bearding, n. Manner in which one genius; a man of wit. [F.] Belle, bel, w. A young
bears himself; deportment; situation of an object, lady, beautiful and admired. Belles-lettres, bet-
with respect to another object; relation; influence; let'tSr, n. pi. Polite or elegant literature, esp. poet-
tendency; act of giving birth. (Arch.) Span of a ry and rhetoric. [F.]

son, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiaen, dondon, chair, get.
 ;

BEAUTY 44 BEG
Beauty, bu'tl, n. An assemblage of graces or pleas-
ing qualities; a particular grace, feature, excellence,
lected by bees, as food for their young.
er, re. A
bird that feeds
— eater, -St'

etc.; a beautiful person, esp. a beautiful woman. [F. on bees. —

-glue, -glu, n.
beaute", fr. beau.) —
Beau'teous, -tl-us, a. Verv The unctuous mat-
soft,
—
handsome beautiful. Beau'teously, adv. Beau'- — ter which cements the
teousness, n.
;

—
Beau'tiful, -tt-ftil, a. Handsome; combs and closes up the
—
pretty. —
Beau'tifully, adv. Beau'tifulness, n.— — cells of bees; propolis.
Beau'tify, v. t. [beautified (-fid), -fying.] To -hive, re.. The case or box
make beautiful; to adorn; ornament; embellish.— in which domestic bees
v. L To become beautiful. —
Beau'tifier, -fi-er, n. dwell and store honey,
Working Bee.
A
One who, or that which, etc.— Beau'ty spot.
patch or spot placed on the face to heighten beauty.
Beaver, be^vSr, n. An amphibious, rodent quadru-
--line,
line
n.
re.shortest
from point
The
to point, as the bee flies.
One who keeps
bees. moth, 're. —
master
moth whose A
—
ped; its fur; a hat made of the fur a cloth, some- ; eggs produce larvas mischievous in beehives.— Bees'"-
times felted, for making overcoats, hats, etc. [AS. wax, re. The wax which bees secrete and build
bcfer.~] —Part of a helmet which the wearer could
raise or lower to eat and drink. [F. baviere, a child's
cells from. —
wing, re. The second crust formed in
wine, esp. port, after long keeping.
bib, fr.baier, to slaver.] Beech, been, re. A
tree of the genus Fagus. [AS. boc,
Bebeerine, Bebirine, Bibirine, be-be'rin, n. ( Chem.) An bece, Ic. and Sw. boh, D. beutc, G. buche ; T,. fagus.]—
alkaloid from the bark of the bebeeru, bibiru, or Beechen, bech'n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, the
wood — Beech/mast, re. The nuts of,
green-heart tree of Guiana; it is tonic, antiperiodic,
and febrifuge, and is a substitute for quinine.
Becalm, Bechance, Becharm, etc. See Be-, prefix.
etc. — or bark of, etc.
oil, re. An oil expressed from the mast.

Became. See Become.

Because, be-kawz', conj. By or for the cause that; for
the reason that. [By and cause.]
BechedeMer, bash'de-ma.r'Vn. The sea-slug; trepang,
a Chinese culinary delicacy. [F., lit. a seaspade.J
Beck, bek, re. A
significant nod, or motion of the
—
head or hand. v. i. To make a nod or sign. v. t. —
To notify or call by, etc.; to intimate a command
to. [AS. beacnian, to signify by a sign, fr. beacen, a
sign.] —
Beckon, bek'n, v. i. [beckoned (bek'-
nd), -oning.] To make a sign by nodding, etc. —
v. t. To make a significant sign to; to summon.
Becket, bek'et, n. (Kaut.) A
hook,loopof rope, etc.,
to confine ropes, spars, etc. spade to dig turf. A
Become, be-kum', v. i. [imp. became; p. p. become;
becoming.] To pass from one condition to another;
to enter into some new state. v.t. To suit or be —
suitable to ? be congruous with, befit. [AS. becu- 1, neek; 2, shaking-piece; 10, round; 11, leg: 12,
—
I

man, to arrive, befall, fr. 6e-and cuman, to come.] 3, chine; 4, ribs 5, clod; ; foot ; 13, udder 14, shin;
;

Becom'ing, a.Appropriate or fit; graceful; be- 6, brisket 7, flank

; 8, ; 15, cheek,
fitting. — Becom'ingly,«c/v. Becom'ingness, re.— loin, sirloin ; 9, rump ; I

Becquerel rays, bek-ker-el'. An invisible radiation Beef, bef, re. An animal of the genus Bos, including
from the salts of uranium and a few similar sub- the bull, cow, and ox, in their full-grown state; the
stances, capable of producing photographic effects. flesh of bovine animals, when killed. a. Pert, to, —
Bed, re. Something to sleep or rest in or on; matrimo- or consisting of the flesh of, etc. Beeves, bevz, n. —
nial connection ; marriage a plat of ground in a ; pi., when the animals are meant. [F. bozuf, ox,
garden; bottom of a body of water. (Geol.) beef (flesh), L. bos, A
bovis^ ox, Gr. bous, Sp. buey. Pg.
layer, seam, or stratum. Place on which anything boy, boi.] Beef-eater, -et-er, re. One who eats beet; —
rests. —i'. t. To place in a bed; to plant and inclose a large, well-fed person; a yeoman of tfie guard, in
or cover: to put m
a place of rest and security. v. —
Eng.; a South African bird, that feeds on maggots
i. To go to bed ; cohabit. [AS. bed, bedd, Goth. hatched under the skin of oxen, antelopes, etc. —
Inidi, Ic. bethr, G. bett, a bed.] —
Bed'ding, re. Ma- Beefsteak, -stak, re. slice of beef for broiling. A
terials for a bed, for man or beast. {Geol.) Posi- Been. See Be.
tion of layers, etc. —
Bed'rid, -ridden, -rid-n. a. Con- Beer, ber, re. Fermented liquor made from malted
fined to the bed by age or infirmity.
An ©ffensive bug, infesting beds.
adjustable support for the sick in bed.
Bed'bug, n,
chair, re. An
chamber,
———
grain, with hops and other bitter flavoring matters;
a fermented extract of the roots, etc., of spruce, gin-
[AS. beor, Ic. bior, D. & G.
n. A room for, etc.
blankets, etc., for, etc.
——
clothes, -clothz, n. Sheets,
fellow, re. One who sleeps
fer, sassafras, etc.
ier.] Beery, ber'T, a. Of, or resembling, etc.
affected by, etc.
—
with another. —
pan, re.
sary utensil for the bedridden.
A
warming pan a neces- Beet, bet, n.
piece, -plate, re.
plant having a succulent root used for
;

food and for making sugar. [AS. bete, L. beta.]

A
(Mack.) The foundation-framing or block ; base- Beetle, be'tl, re. heavy mallet or wooden hammer. a
quilted cov- A
[AS. bytel, fr. beatan, to beat.] (Zo'61.) A
plate; sole-plate.
ering for, etc. — Anquilt, -kwilt, re.
Tite, re. Privilege of the marriage-
apartment for, etc.
terous insect having four wings, the outer pair be-
—
ing stiff cases to cover the others when folded. [AS.
coleop-

bed. room, re.

Side of, etc. — side, n.
sore, n. (Med.) An ulceration, esp.
on the back and hips, caused by long lying in bed.
bitel, betel, fr. bitan, to bite.] machine to produce
figured fabrics by pressure from corrugated rollers.
A
— stead, -sted, n. Frame for supporting, etc.
A
cloth cas«, to inclose the materials of.
v. t. —
To hang or extend out; to jut. Bee'tle-browed,
—
To produce ornamental figures on. v. i.
—
—
etc. —
-tick, n.
time, n.
brought to b.
Hour for going to bed. To be
To be confined in childbirth. To
—
-browd, a. Having prominent brows.
—
headed,
-hed-ed, a. Having a head like a beetle; dull, stupid.
—
make the b. To put it in order. From b. and board. Befall, be-fawK, v. t. [imp. befell; p. p. -fallen;
(Law.) Separation by partial divorce, without dis- -falling.] To happen to, occur to. v. i. To come —
solving the bands of matrimony. to pass, happen. [AS. befeallen.']
Bedevil, be-dev'l, v. t. To throw into utter confusion, Befogged, be-fogd', a. Involved in a fog; having the
as if by evil spirits. senses obscured, or the judgment confused or un-
Bedlam, bed'lam, re. A madhouse ; scene of uproar. duly influenced.
— adj. Pert, to, or for, etc. [Corrup. Hospital
fit fr.
/r
Before, be-f or , prep. In front of; preceding in space,
of St. Mary of Bethlehem, in London, afterwards an time, dignity, oreder, right, etc.; in presence or sight
insane asylum.] — Bedlamite, A madman. -it, re. of; facing; in the power of. adv. On the fore —
Bedouin, bed'ob-en, n. of the nomad Arab tribes
One art; in front; in time preceding; already. [AS.
of Arabia and Africa.Ar. badw, wandering.]
[F., f r. r.foran, fr. be- and foran, fore, before.] Before''- —
Bee, be, re. (Entom.) A
four-winged insect that makes n-and, adv. In a state of anticipation; by way of
wax and honey; an assemblage to labor for others. preparation or preliminary. a. In comfortable —
[Amer.) pi. (Naut.) Pieces of plank bolted to the financial circumstances; forehanded.— -time, adv.
outer end of the bowsprit. [AS. bed, bi, Ic. bff, Of old time; formerly.
OHG. pia, Skr. bha.\ —
Bee'-bread, -bred, re. A Beg, beg or ba, n. An Oriental governor of a town,
brown, bitter substance, the pollen of flowers, col- city, or district ; a bey. [Turk, beg, pron. bay.}

£m, fame, far, pass or opera, fi'ire ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Tee : Olid, tone, o> ;
 BEG 45 BELLY
Beg. beg, v. t. (begd), begging.] To ask
[begged Belemnite. be-lem'nlt, n. A calcareous fossil, cylin-
earnestly, with humility or in charity; to entreat, drical and hollow, tapering to a point; the thunder-
implore; to take for granted. v. i. To ask alms — stone. [Gr. belemnite*, fr. belemnon, a dart.]
or charity ; to practice begging. [AS. bedecian, G. Bel-eaprit. See under Beau.
betteln.~\ —
Beggar, beg'ggr, ». One who, etc.; one Belfry, bel'frt. n. Orig., a movable tower, erected by
who lives by pegging, a mendicant. v. t. [beg- — besiegers for attack and defense; a bell-tower ; a cu-
gared (-gSrd), -gari.ng.] To reduce to beggary, pola or turret, or room in a tower, for a bell. [OF.
impoverish, exhaust. —
Beg'garly, -IT, a. Extremely bierfroit, belefreit, MHG. bercj'rit, watch-tower, fr
indigent; mean; poor. Beg'garliness, n.— Beg '- — here, protection, and frit, secure place.]
gary, n. —
A state of extreme poverty. Belie, be-li', v. t. [belied (-lid'), belying.] To give
Beget, be-get', v. i. [begot or begat begot or be- ; the lie to; to show to be false; to give a false account
gotten begettixc] To procreate, as a father or
;
of; to slander, counterfeit.
sire; to generate, produce. [AS. begitun, to acquire, Believe, be-lev', v. t. [believed (-levd'), -lievino.]
fr. be- and gitan, to get.] Beget'ter, n. — To be persuaded of the truth of, place confidence
Begin, be-gin', v. i. [imp. began p. p. begun be- ; ; in, credit, —v. i. To have a firm persuasion; to
ginning.] To have an original or first existence; think, suppose. [AS. geh/fan, gelefan.] Believ'er, —
to take rise, commence; to do the first act, take the n. One who, etc.; esp., one who believes in divine
first step. v. t. —
To enter on, commence. [AS.on- revelation. —
Believ'able. a.— Belief, -lef, n. An as-
ginnan, beginnan, ir.ginnan, to begin.] Begin'' ner, — sent of mind to the truth of a declaration, proposi-
n. One who, etc. ; esp. an inexperienced practitioner; tion, etc.; thing believed; a tenet, or body of tenets;
a tvro. — Beginning, n. The first cause; origin; that credence; trust; faith; confidence.
wliich is first; commencement; the rudiments, first Belike, be-llk', adv. It is likely; probably; perhaps.
ground, or materials. Bell, bel, n. Ahollow metallic vessel which rings
Begone, be-gon', inter}. Go away; depart. when struck; anything shaped like a bell. [AS.
Begonia, be-go'nT-a, n. A genus of ornamental plants bella, fr. bellan, to bellow, resound.] —
Bells, belz,
with one-sided leaves, often brightly colored. [Fr. n. (JYaut.) The half-hours of the watch, indicated
Michel Began,.] by strokes on the bell. —
Bell'bird, n. bird of A
Beguile, be-gil', v. t. [beguiled (-gild'), beguiling.]
To delude by artifice, impose on to cause to pass
without notice, deceive, cheat, insnare. [Prefix be-
;

>
bells. —
Brazil, also one of _Australia,
buoy, bwooT, or boi, n.
whose notes resemble
A
buoy bearing a
bell, which is rung by the movement of the water. —
and OF. guikr, fr. guile, guile.]— Beguile'ment, n. -cot, n. A
covering for a bell on buildings having
Act of, etc.; state of being, etc. — Beguil'er, n. no towers. —
crank, n. A
bent lever, which changes
Beguin. ba-gen' or beg'win, n. One of a sect of re-
ligieus women, in the Netherlands, devoted to works
of charity. [F.]
bell.
striking
—
the direction of motion, used to ring a
faced, -fast, a.
surface
Having the
convex, — said of
Begum, be'gum, Be'gaum, -gawm, n. In India, a prin- hammers. flow'er, n. A genus of
plants, whose flowers resemble little
cess or lady of high rank.
Behalf, be-haf, n. Advantage: interest; support; de-
fens-e. [AS. healf, lit. half, also side: on /lis behalf
bells: akind of apple. —
found'er, n.
One who founds or casts bells. — '

= 011 his side.] -found'ery, -found'ry, n. Place where

Behave, be-hav', v. t. [behaved (-havd'), behaving.] bells are cast. hang'er, n. One Bell-crank.
To carry, conduct, Dear, —used reflexively. v. i. who puts up bells. man, n. One who rings a
To act to bear or carry one's self. [AS. behsebban, bell, esp. to give public notice in the streets; a watch-
;

to surround,_restrain, fr. be- and liabban, to have.] — man. met'al, n. An

alloy of copper and tin,
Behavior, -hav'yer, n. Manner of behaving; con- used for making bells, etc. —
-met'al ore. Sulphu-
duct: deportment. ret of tin, containing copper pvrites. pull, h. A
Behead, be-hed', v. t. To sever the head from, de- cord or knob, for ringing a bell. —
-punch, n. An in-
capitate. [AS. beheafdian, fr. be-heafod, head.] strument combining a punch and bell, which rings
Behemoth, be'he-moth, n. An animal described in when the punch perforates a paper, as a record of
Job. xl. 1.5-24, supposed by some to be the hippopot-
ami!-. [Heb.,pl., beasts, here great beast.]
Behest, be-hest', n. Command ; injunction, [be and
——
some event,
bell.
as of the receipt of a passenger's fare.
ring'er, n. One whose business it is to ring a
wether, -werh'gr, n. The sheep leading the
hest] flock, with a bell at his neck.— To bear away the
Behind, be-hTnd', prep. On the side opp. the front; bell. To win the prize at a race; to be superior. —
at the back or other side of; left at a distance by; To bear the bell. To be the leader, —
in allusion to the
inferior to. —
adv. In the rear backward remain-: bell-wether, or the leading horse of a team, etc. —
—
;

ing past. [AS. behindanP] Behind'hand, a. In To bell the cat. To encounter one of superior force;
:

arrear; in a state of backwardness. — fr. the fable of the mice resolving to put a bell on
Behold, be-hold', v. t. [beheld (p. p. formerly be- the cat. —To cwse by bell, book, and candle. form A
holden), beholding.] To fix the eyes upon to of execration of the Roman Catholic Church.
—
;

see with attention. v. i. To direct the eyes to an Belladonna, bel'la-don'na, n. Deadly nightshade,
object; to look. [AS. behealdan, to hold, guard, ob- formerly used as a cosmetic. [It., prop, fine Lady.]
serve, see.] —
Beholden, -hold'n, p. a. Obliged; Belle, Belies-lettres. See under Beau.
bound in gratitude; indebted. [The old p. p. of be- Bellicose, bel'lT-kos, a. Disposed to contention;
hold, used in the primitive sense of hold.'] Be- — pugnacious. fr. bell am, war.)
[L. bellicosits, Bel- —
hold'er, n. A spectntor. —
Behold'ing. a. Obliged; ligerent, -lij'er-ent, a. Waging war: tending to,
under obligation. [Improperly used for beholden.] or disposed for, war. n. — A
nation, power, or state,
Behoof, be-h<x>f, n. Advantage; mofit; benefit. [AS. carrying on war. [L. gerere, to wage.] Bellip'o- —
behof.] —
Beheov9, -hove, -hoov', v. t. [behooved tent, a. Powerful in war. [L. patens, powerful.]
(-hoovd'), -hooving.] To be necessary for; to be fit Bellow, bel'lo, v. i. To make a hollow, loud noise, a*
or meet for.r. [AS. behtf
hofian, to need.] a bull; to bawl, vociferate, clamor, roar. n. loud — A
re, bazh, n. Undyed "serge, a lady's dress material. outcry. [AS. bellan.]
Bellows, bel'lus, n. sing, and pi. An instrument to
Being. See under Be. propel air through a tube. [AS. bxlig, bag.] Bel'- —
Belabor, be-la'ber, v. t. To work diligently upon to ; lows-fish, n. A
beat soundly, cudgel. fish having a
Belay, he-la', v. t. [belayed (-lad'), belaying.] long tubular
(JVauf.) To make fast, as a rope, by taking turns snout, like bel-
with it round a pin, etc. [D. beleggen.] —Belay 'ing- lows-pipe; the
pin, n. A
strong pin round which ropes are wound. trumpet-fish.
Belch, belch, v. t. [belched (belcht), belching.] Bel'luine, bel'-
To throw up from the stomach with violence to lu-in, a. Pert,
eruct; to eject violently from within. v. i. To — ; I

to, or like, a
eject wind from the stomach; to issue violently.— beast; brutal
Act of belching; eructation. [AS. bealcan.] [L. bellua
km, -dame, bel'dam, n. An ugly old womar \
beast.]
hag. [F. belle dame, fair lady, used ironically.] ;
BeUy. bel'lT, n.
Beleaguer, be-!e'ger, v. t. [beleaguered (-srerd), The part of
-guering.] To surround with an army so as to pre- the body con- Bellows-fish.
clude escape to besiege, blockade, environ. [D.
; twining the bowels, or intestines; the abdomen; any
belegeren, to besiege, fr. leggen, to lay, put, place.] I
thing resembling the belly in protuberance or c*v-

cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbo.v, chair, get.
 BELONG 46 BERLIN
ity.— v.i. To
swell and become protuberant. [AS, Y-sens, n. Practice of doing good; active goodness
belg, baelig, bag, belly D. and Sw. balg, Ga. bolg, or charity. —
Beneficent, a. Doing good; bounti-
belly.] —
;

Bellyache, -5k, re. Pain in the bowels. — ful; generous; munificent.— Beneficently, adv.—
A
bandaround the belly of a horse a Beneficial, -e-fish'al, a. Conferring benefits; profit-
girth. —
•band, ».
boards, bordz, n. pi. Swiss deals, used for
sounding-boards of musical instruments. Belly- —
;

able. {Law.) Receiving, or entitled to receive, ad-

vantage, use, or benefit. —
Beneficially, adv. —
ful, -ful, n. As much as fills the stomach, or satisfies Beneficiary, -fish'T-er-I, a. Holding office or pos-
hunger. session, in subordination to another. n. feuda- — A
Belong, be-long', v. i. [belonged (-longd'), belong- tory or vassal; one who holds a benefice; one who
ing.] To be the property, concern, or proper business receives a gift, or is maintained by charity. Ben'- —
of; to appertain; to be a part of, or connected with; efit, n. Anact of kindness; favor conferred; what-
to be native to, or to have a legal residence. [D. ever promotes prosperity, or adds value to property.
belangen, to concern.] —
Belonging, re. That which A performance at a theater, etc., in aid of some
pertains to one, as a quality or endowment. person or object. (Eng. Law.) Benefit of clergy,
Beloved, as a pt. be-luvd', as an adj. be-luv'ed. — the exemption of clergymen from criminal pro-
Greatly loved; dear to the heart. cess before a secular judge, anciently extended to
Below, be-lo', prep. Under in place; beneath; not so all who could read. v. t. —
To do good to; be use-
high; inferior to in rank, excellence, or dignity; ful to. —
v. i. To gain advantage.
—
unworthy of; unbefitting. adv. In a lower place; Bene placito, ba'na-pla'che-to. (Mas.) At pleasure.
beneath; on the earth, as opp. to the heavens; in [It., pleasure.]
hell, or the regions of the dead; in a court of infe- Benevolence, be-nev'o-lens, n. Disposition to do
rior jurisdiction, [he- and low.] good; benignity; tenderness; charitableness; an act
Belt, belt, n. That which engirdles, restrains, or con- of kindness; a tax illegally exacted bv arbitrary
fines; a band or girdle, —
v. t. To encircle as with a kings of England. See Phrenology. [L. bene and
belt; to encompass. [AS. belt, Ic. belti, Ir. and Ga. volens, pr. p. of volo, I will, wish.] Benev'olent, a. —
bait, L. balteus.] —
Belting, re. Material of which Having a disposition to do good possessing love to
belts are made; belts taken collectively. mankind. —
Benev'olently, adv.
;

Beluga, be-lu'ga, re. A fish of the dolphin family, Bengal light, ben-gawK-lit, Bengola, -go'la, n. A fire-
from which isinglass and caviare are obtained. work, producing a vivid and sustained colored
[Russ. bieluga, fr. bielyi, white.] light, used for signals at night.
Belvedere, bel-ve-der r , n. {It. Arch.) A small struc- Bengalee, Bengali, ben-gaw-le', n. The language
ture on the top of an edifice, partly open to the air. spoken in Bengal. —
Bengalese, -ez', n. sing, and
A summer-house. [It., lit. a beautiful sight, from pi. Anative, or the natives of, etc. a. Pert, to —
bello, bel, beautiful, and vedere, to see.] Bengal or to its people.
Bemoan, be-mon', v. t. [bemoaned (-mond'), be- Benight, be-nlf, v. t. To involve in night or dark-
moaning.] To express deep grief for, by moaning; ness; esp. in moral darkness or ignorance.
to lament, bewail. Benign, be-nin', a. Of a kind disposition ; mani-
Bench, bench, n. A long seat; a work-table; the seat festing kindness, gentleness, favor, etc.; propitious;
forjudges in court; persons who sit as judges; the salutary; gracious. [OF. benigne, fr. L. benignus, fr.
court; a collection of dogs, usually placed on benches, benus or bonus, good, and -perms, born.] Benignly, —
for exhibition. [AS. bene, D. and G. bank, Ic. bekkr adv. —
Benig'nant, a. Kind; favorable. Benig'- —
for benkr, Sw. and Dan. bank.} Bencb/er, n. A — nantly, adv. —
Benig'nity, -nl-tY, w. Quality of be-
senior member of one of the inns of court an al- ; ing benign; condescending kindness; graciousness;
—
derman of a corporation. Bencb/-mark n. {Level- salubrity; wholesome quality.
ing.) A mark along a line of survey indicating a Benison, ben'T-zn, re. Blessing
point in a series of levels.
tion of dogs. —
war'rant, re. {Law.)
—
show, n. An exhibi-
process is- A
;

beneison, beneicon, fr. L. benedictio, fr. bene, well,

and dicere, to speak.]
benediction. [OF.

sued by a court against one guilty of contempt, or Ben'shee. See Banshee.

indicted for crime.
Bend, bend, v. t. [bended or bent ; bending.1 To
crook by straining; to curve; to turn out of the direct
course to some certain point; to incline or exercise
closely or with interest; to exert; to apply; to ren-
der submissive, subdue. (Naut.) To fasten, as one
rope to another, or as a sail to its yard. v. i. To
be moved or strained out of a straight line; to bow;
to be inclined with interest, or closely; to be direct-
ed ; to bow in prayer, or in submission. re. A turn
or deflection from a straight line or direction a
curve; incurvation. {Naut.) knot by which a A
rope is fastened. (Her.) One of the honorable or-
dinaries, made by two lines drawn across from the
dexter chief to the sinister base point. {Leather
Business.) A
butt. [AS. bendan, to bend, bend, a
bond, fr.bindan, to bind.] Bend'able, a. — Bend'-
er, n. — Bent, re. State of being inclined from a
straight line; flexure; leaning or bias; propensity.
Beneath, be-nStb/ or -neth', prep. Lower in place,
with something over or on under; unworthy of;
unbecoming. — ;
Bent. See under Bend.
Bent, Bent-grass, bent'gras, n. (Bot.) A grass of the
genus Agrostis. A stalk of coarse, withered grass.
[AS. beonet, G. binse.]
Benzoin, ben-zoin', n. A fragrant resin from a tree of
Sumatra, Java, etc. —
Benzoic, a. Pert, to, or ob-
— tained from, etc. —
Ben'zine, -zin or -zen, re. A light
oil of petroleum.— Benzole, -zo"K, Ben'zoline, -zo-lin,
n. (Chem.) An oily substance obtained from coal
— tar, and possessing solvent powers. [E. benzoin and
; L. oleum, oil.] —
Ben'zoyl, -zul,-zule, -zQl, n. ( Chem.)
A compound radical, consisting of hydrogen, car-
bon, and oxygen; the base of benzoic acid. [Gr.
hule, wood, matter.]
Bequeath, be-kwerb/, v. t. [bequeathed (-kwSthd),
-queathing.] To give or leave by will; to hand
— down, devise. [AS. becwedhan, fr. fee- and cwedhan,
to say; s. rt. quoth.'] —
Bequeath'er, re. —Bequest,
-kwesf, re. (Law.) Something left by will; legacy.
Berate, be-rat', v. t. To rate, or chide, vehemently;
to scold.

adv. In a lower place; below, as Bereave, be-rev'-v. t. [bereaved (-revd') or bereft;

opp. to heaven, or to any superior region. [AS. be- bereaving.] To make destitute, deprive; to take
neodh, beneodhan, fr. prefix be- and neodhan, below.] away from. [AS. bereafian, fr. reafian, to rob.] —
Benedict, ben'e-dikt, Ben'edick, re. married man, A Bereave'ment, re. — Bereav'er, re.

or man newly married. [Benedick, a character in Beretta, ba-refta, Birefta, be-, n. square cap worn A
Shakespeare's " Much Ado About Nothing."] by Roman Catholic ecclesiastics. [It.]
Benedictine, ben-e-diktln, a. Pert, to the monks of Berg, bgrg, re. A
large mass or mountain of ice. [D.,
St. Benedict. n.— A
monk of the order established Sw., and G. berg, mountain, hill.] Berg'meal, -mel, —
by St. Benedict in the 6th century; a Black Friar. -mehl, -mal, n. (Min.) An earthy substance resem-
Benediction, ben-e-dik'shun, n. Act of blessing; bless- bling flour, composed of shells of infusoria; fossil
ing, prayer, or kind wishes; esp. the short prayer farina. [G. mehl, meal.]
which closes public worship. [L. bene, well, and Bergamot, b§r'ga-mot, n. species of orange, from A
dicere, dictum, to speak.] —
Benedic'tory, a. Ex- the rind of which a fragrant essential oil is ex-
pressing good wishes. tracted; the essence or perfume; a variety of pear;
* cttoi
Benefaction, ben-e-f
'
ak'shun, n. Act of conferring a a variety of snuff perfumed with bergamot a ;

benefit benefit conferred, esp. a charitable donation. coarse tapestry. [Fr. the town of Bergamo,in Italy.]
;

[L. bene, well, and faoere, factum, to do.] —

Berlin, bSrlin or ber-lin', n.
Bene- four-wheeled car- A
factor, -ter, n. One who confers, etc Benefac- —
riage, like a chariot; a fine worsted for fancy work.
A — A
tress, n. woman who, etc.— Ben'efice, -fis, re.
Lit., a benefit, advantage, or kindness. (Church of
BngJ An ecclesiastical living. Sentenced, -fist, —
Berlin iron, -i'grn.
A
very fusible variety of
iron, from which fine castings are made.
shop for fancy work and materials.
shop,
-work.
—
—
a. Possessed of a benefice. —
Beneficence, -nef- Worsted embroidery. [Fr. Berlin, Prussia.]
ton, fame. far. pass or opera, fare : end. eve. tirm i In. Ice : Hdd. tone.
 47 BEWILDER
Berm, berm, (Fort.)
n. A
narrow path between the event of a contest; to wager. [Contr. of aoet.J —
parapet and the ditch. [F. and G. berrne.] Bet'ter, -tor, -tgr, n. One who, etc.
Bernardino, bSr'nar-din, o. Pert, to St. Bernard, and Betake, be-tak', v. t. [imp. betook; p. p. betaken
monks of his order.— n. (Eccl.) monk of, etc. A (be-tak'n); betaking.] To have recourse to; to
Berry, ber'T, n. A
small pulpy fruit containing seeds; apply; to resort.
—
an egg of a fish. v. i. To bear or produce berries. A
Betel, "be'tl, n. whose leaves are
species of pepper,
— v. t. To impregnate with eggs or spawn. [AS. chewed by the people of Central and Southern
berige, berga, D. bes, bezie, Ic. ber, Sw. and Dan. oar, Asia. [Pg., fr. Malabar beetla-codi.] Be'tel-nmt, —
G. heere, Goth, basi, berry; Skr. bhas, to eat.] n. The nut of the areca palm, chewed with betel
Berserk, bgr'sgrk, Ber'serker, n. title of Stoerkod- A leaves (whence its name) and lime.
der, a hero in Scandinavian mythology, who fought Bethel, beth'el, n. A chapel for dissenters in Eng., and
without defensive armor a reckless warrior. [Ic. ; for seamen in the U. S. [Heb. beth-el, house of God.]
berserkr, fr. berr, bare, and serkr, coat of mail.] Bethink, be-think', v. t. [-thought (-thawf), -think-
Berth, berth, n. The place where a ship lies when at ing.] To cair to mind, recall, recollect, reflect.
anchor, or at a wharf ; a sleeping-place in a ship; Betide, be-tid r v. t. [imp. betid or betided p. p.
official situation, position or employment. v. t. — betid ;
,

betiding.] To happen to, befall, come

;

to.
To give an anchorage or place to lie at; to furnish — v. i. To come
to mss, happen. [AS. tidan, to
berths to. [Fr. the root of bear, like birth.] To give — happen, fr. tirl, time.]
a uride berth (to the land, etc.). To keep at a dis- Betime, be-tim'', -times, -ttmz', adv. In good time
tance from. —
Berth/ age, n. charge for the posi- A seasonably; in a short time; soon.
;

tion occupied by a ship in a dock, harbor, etc.
Beryl, ber'il. ». A
hard green or bluish-green min-
eral, same as the emerald, except in color. [L. beryl-
hts, Gr. berullos.] —
Ber'ylline, -lin, a. Like a beryl.
Beseech, be-sech', v. t. [besought (-sawf), beseech-
ing.] To ask urgently; to solicit, supplicate. [Pref.
be- and seek.] —Beseech 'er, n. — Beseechingly, adv.
Beseem, be-sem', v. t. To be fit
befit.
Beset, be-set', v. t. [beset; besetting.] To put or
place, on, in, or around; to stop up, waylay, Dlock-
ade; to hem in or press on all sides; to environ, be-
siege, embarrass, urge. [AS. bisettan, to surround.]
— Beset'ment, n. State of being, etc. Beset 'ting,
p. a. Habitually attending, or pressing.
Beshrew. be-shroo'', v. t. To wish curses to; to execrate.
Beside, be-sld', prep. At the side of; aside from; out
of the regular course or order; out of. —Besides,
-8tdz r , adv. More than that; moreover; in addition.
— prep. Over and above; separate or distinct from;
in addition to. [AS. be sidan, by the side.]— To be
beside one's self. To be out of one's senses, or frantic.
Betise, ba-tez', n. Silliness; nonsense. [F.]
Betoken, be-to'kn, r. t. [betokened (-t'ok^nd), -ek-
ing.] To signify by some visible object ; to fore-
show by present signs, presage, portend, note. [AS.
getacnian, fr. ge- and tacn, token.]
Betony, befo-nY, Beton'ica, -T-ka, n. plant used to A
dye wool yellow, and medicinally [L. betoni^a,
for, or worthy of; to for vettonica, fr. the Vetones, a people in Spain.]
r
Betray, be-tra , v. t. [betrayed (-trad'), -traying.)
To give up treacherously; to violate the confidence
of ; to disclose or discover ; to mislead; to fail in re-
spect to reliance placed in or upon. [F. trahir, OF.
trair, L. tradere, to give up, fr. trans, across, and
— dare, to give.] —
Betray'al, n. Act of, etc.— Betray'-
er, n. One who, etc.: a traitor.
Betroth, be-troth', v. t. To contract to any one; to
affiance; to contract with for a future spouse; to es-
pouse; to nominate to a bishopric, in order to con-
secration, [be- and troth.] —
Betroth/ al, -ment, n. A
mutual engagement for marriage; espousals.
Better, beftgr, a. (comp. of Good). Having good
qualities in a greater degree preferable in value,
;

Besiege, be-sei', v. t. [besieged (-sejd''). -sieging.] use, safety, etc; improved in health. n. Advan- —
To beset with armed forces, in order to compel to tage, superiority, or victory; improvement; pi. those
surrender; to beleaguer, invest. Besieg'er, n. — who have claim to precedence; superiors. adv. —
Besiqae, -ziqne, ba-zek r , n. game of cards, played A (comp. of Well). In a superior manner; more cor-
by two or four persons, with two packs from which rectly; in a higher degree; more. v. t. [bettered—
certain small cards have been removed. [F.] (-tgrd), -tering.]— To increase the good qualities of;
Besom, be / zum, n. A
brush of twigs for sweeping; a to improve, amend, correct, promote. [AS. bet, adv.,
broom. —
v. t. To sweep. [AS. besma, besema, D. betera, adj.; Goth, batiza, adj.: s. rt. bat, good. See
bezem, G. besen, broom.] Best.] —
Bet 'torment, n. A making better. (Law.)
Besot, be-soK, v. t. To make sottish by drink; to An improvement of an estate which renders it bet-
—
make dull or stupid. Besot 'tedly, adv.— Besot '- ter than mere repairing. —
To be better off. To be
tedness, n. State of being besotted ; infatuation. in a better condition.
Besought. See Beseech. Better, -tor. See under Bet.
Bespatter, be-spat'tgr, v. t. [bespattered (-spat r- Betty, bet'tY, n. A short bar used by thieves to
tgrd), -tering.] To soil by spattering; to sprinkle wrench doors open; a man who busies himself with
with water or dirt; to asperse with calumny. —
women's affairs. A Florence flask; a pear-shaped,
Bespeak, be-spek', v. t. [imp. bespoke p. p. bespoke ; straw-covered bottle. [It. boccetta.]
or bespoken; bespeaking.] To speak for, or en- Between, be-twen r , prep. In the intermediate space of,
gage, beforehand; to indicate or show beforehand; without regard to distance; from one to another of;
to speak to, address; to betoken, show. shared by two or both of; in intermediate relation
Bessemer steel, bes'se-mgr stel. Steel made directly to. [AS. be, by, and tweon, twain, double, fr. twa,
from cast-iron, by a process invented by Sir Henry two.] —Between'-decks, n. (Naut.) The open space
between two decks of a ship. —
Betwixt, -twikst',
Best, best, a. (superl. of Good). Having excellence in prep. Same as Between. [AS. betweox, f r. be and
the highest degree; most good; most advanced; most tweohs, fr. twih, twa, two.]
correct or complete. n. —
Utmost highest en- Bevel, bev'el, n. A
slant of a surface at an angle
—
;

deavor. adv. (superl. of Well.) In the highest other than a right angle an instrument
;

degree; beyond all ©ther ; to the most advantage; for measuring angles. —
a. Having the
with the most success, ease, propriety, etc. ; most form of a bevel; slanting. v. t. [bev- —
particularly most correctly. [AS. betst, contr. fr. eled (-eld), -eling.] To cut to a bevel
betest,
;

Goth, batista. See Better.] At best. In the — angle, —

v. i. To slant to a bevel angle,
utmost degree applicable to the case. To make the — or from a direct line. [OF. buveau, F. Bevel.
best of. To permit the least possible inconvenience. biveau, Sp. baivel.] —
Bev'el-jgear, -ger, n.
Bestead, be-sted', v. t. [imp. and p. p. bestead.] To (Mach.) Wheelwork in which one wheel drives an*
be in the atead of to place or circumstance, as
to condition, benefit, etc.
;

; to assist, serve.
other moving in a different plane. wheel, n.
wheel having teeth set at an angle greater or less
— A
Bestial. See under Beast. than half a right angle.
Bestow, be-sto', v. t. [bestowed (-stod'), bestowing.] Beverage, bev'gr-ej, n. Liquor for drinking. [F.,fr.
To lay up in store; deposit for safe-keeping; to It.beveraggio, drink, L. bibere, to drink.]
make use of; apply; to give, confer, or impart.— Bevy, bev'T, n. A
flock of birds; a company an as-
Bestow'al, a. Act of, etc.; disposal. — Bestow'er, sembly of persons, esp. ladies. [F. bev6e, It. beva.]
;

n. — Bestow" ment, n. Act of, etc.; that which is be- Bewail, De-waK, v. t. [bewailed ^-wald'), -wailing.]
stowed; donation. To express sorrow for, as by wailing; to mourn, la-
Bestride, be-strid', v. t. [imp. bestrid or -strode; ment. —
?;. i. To express grief.
p. p. -strid or -stridden ; -striding.] To stride Beware, be-war', v. i. To restrain or guard one's
over; to stand or sit with any thing between the self; to be cautious, take care. [Contr. of be ware
legs, or with the legs extended across. = be warv, fr. AS. wfer, cautious.
Bet, n. That which is staked, or pledged, in a con- Bewilder, be-wil'der, v. t. [bewildered (-wiKdgrd),
test: a wager. v. t. To stake, or pledge upon the -DERiNG.] To lead into perplexity ; to perplex.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fcS&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN. chair, get.
 J — : —
J

BEWITCH 48 BIGGIN
ttntangle, confuse, confound, puzzle, [be- and Prov. Having 2 heads. {Anat,} Hav.
t-tal, -tons, -tue, a.
E. wildern, -wilderness.] —
Bewil'deredly, -dSrd-lT, ing 2 origins. {Bot.)_ Dividing into 2 parts.
Bewil'deringly, adv. — Bewilderment, ». State of Bichromate, bi-kro'mat, a. {Chem.) Having two
being, etc. parts of chromic acid to one of other ingredients.
Bewitch, be-wkih'', v. t. [bewitched (-wichf), Bicker, bik'gr, v. i. [bickered (-Srd), -bring.] To
-witching.] To gain an ascendency over by charms; skirmish; to contend in words or petulant alterca-
to affect by witchcraft or sorcery; to fascinate. tion; to quarrel, wrangle; to move quickly to be
Bewitch'ery, -er-Y, n. Charm fascination. Be- — tremulous, like flame or water; to quiver. [W. bi
;

—
;

witch'ingly, adv. Bewitch'ingness, Bewitch'- n— era; Mere, conflict, skirmish.] Bick'erer, n. —

ment. n. Power of charming. Bicolor, bi-kuKer, -ored, -erd, a. Of two colors.
Bewray, be-ra', v. t. [beweayed (-rad'). -wraying.J Bicorn, bi'kfirn, -corned, -k6rnd, -cornous, -kdr'nus,
To disclose perfidiously, betray. [oe- and AS. wre- a. Having two horns or antlers: crescent-like. [L.
gan, to betray.] bis and cornu, horn.]
Bey, ba, n. A governor of a Turkish town or district; Bicorporal, bi-k6r^po-ral, a. Having two bodies.
in some places, a prince —
same as Beg. [Turk, beg,
; Bicor'porate, -rat, a. {Her.) Double-bodied. [L.
pron. 6a.] bis and corpus, body.]
Beyond, be-yond r , prep. On the further side of be- ; Bicrural, bi-fcroo'ral/a. Having two legs. [L.&tsand
fore, in place or time; further than past; above, crus, cruris, leg.]
in dignity, excellence, etc. — adv. ;

At a distance; Bicuspid, bi-kus'pid, -pidate,-at, a. Having two points.

yonder. [AS. begeondan, fr. geond, across, beyond.] See Tooth. [L. bis and cuspis, cuspidis, point.]
Bezant. See Byzaxt. Bicycle, bi'sl-kl, n. A
two-wheeled velocipede. [L.
Bezel, bez'el, n. The part of a ring encompassing and bis and Gr. kuklos, circle.] —
Bi'cycling, n. Act of
fastening the stone. [F.] riding on, etc. —
Bi'cyclist, n. One who, etc.
Bezique. See Besique. Bid, v. t. [imp. bid or bade (bad); p.p. bid or bid-
Bezoar, be'zor, n. Acalculous eoncretion found in den; bidding.] To offer; esp. to offer to pay; to
the stomach of certain ruminant animals. [OF. declare, as a wish, greeting, defiance, etc.; to order,
and Pg., fr. Per. pad-zahr, pad, expelling, and zahr, —
command, invite. n. An offer of a price, esp. at
poison, for which the stone was a supposed antidote.] auctions. [AS. beodan, Goth, budan, to command.]
—Bezoar mineral. An oxide of antimony. — To bid fair. To offer a good prospect; to make
Eias, bi'as, n. Aweight on the side of a bowl which fair promise. —
Bid'der, n.
turns it from a straight line; a leaning of the mind; Bide, bid, v. i. To dwell permanently; to inhabit.
propensity towards an object; bent; prejudice; in- — v. t. To endure, suffer, wait for. [A&.bidan, D.
clination; a wedge-shaped piece taken out of a gar- and Goth, beidan.)
ment to diminish its circumference.— adv. In a Bidental, bi-dental, -tate, -tat, a. Having 2 teeth or
slanting manner; crosswise; diagonally. v. t. [bi- — tooth-like processes. [L. bis and dens, dentis, tooth.]
ased (bi^ast), -asixg.] To incline to one side; to Bidet, bT-def or bY-da r n. A
small horse; an article of
,

give a particular direction to, prejudice, prepossess. bedroom furniture, used in washing the body. [F.]
fF. biais, N. Catalan biax, slant, slope, fr. L. bis, Biennial, bi-en'nT-al, a. Continuing for two years,
double, and fades, face.] and then perishing; occurring once in two years. —
Biaxal, bi-aks'al. Biaxial, -t-al, a. {Opt.) Having n. {Bot.) A
plant that lasts for two years, and then
two axes. [L. bis, twice, and axis.'] perishes. [L. biennium, a space of two years, fr. bis
Bib, n. A cloth worn by children over the breast. [L.
— —
and annus, year.] Bien'nially, adv. Once in, or
bibere, to drink, because worn when drinking.] at the return of, two years.
Bibacions, bi-ba'shus, a. Addicted to drinking. — Bier, ber, n. A
frame for conveying the dead to the
Bibacity, -bas r t-tT, n. Love of, etc. Bib'ber, n. — grave. [AS. bser, s. rt. to bear!)
—
One addicted, etc.; a tippler. Bib'ulous, -u-lus, a. Biestings, Beestings, bSst'ingz, n. pi. The first milk
Absorbing moisture spongy; porous.
; given by a cow after calving. [AS. beost, bysting.}
Bibasic, bi-ba'sik, a. {Chem.) Capable of combining Bifacial, bi-fa'shal, a. Having the opposite surfaces
with two parts or equivalents of a base; or contain- alike. [L. bis and facies, face.]
ing two equivalents of abase to one of acid. Bifarious, bi-fa'rT-us, a. Twofold; in two rows. {Bot.)
Bible, bi'bl, n. The Book; the volume containing Pointing two wavs. [L. bis and fari, to speak or
the Scriptures. [F., fr. L. and Gr. biblia, books, col- say.] —
Bifa'riously, adv.
lections of writings, fr. Gr. bvblos, the Egyptian Biferous, bif 'er-us, a. Bearing fruit twice a year. [L.
papyrus, from which paper was made.] —Biblical, bis and ferre, to bear.]
bib'lY-kal, a. Pert, to the Bible. —
Bib'lically, adv. Biffin, biffin, n. apple An peculiar to Norfolk, Eng.;
— Biblicist, -lT-sist, Biblist, n. One who makes the a baked apple crushed flat. [F. beau fin, beautiful.
Scriptures the sole rule of faith; a Biblical scholar. fine; or, corrup. of beefin, as resembling raw beef.]
/
Bibliographer, bib-lT-og 'ra-fer, n. One versed in Bifid, bi'fid, Bifidate, bif 'id-5t, a. {Bot.) Two-cleft;
bibliography. [Gr. biblion, book, and graphein, to opening with a cleft. [L. bis and findere,fidi, to
write.] — Bxblieg/raphy, -ra-fi, n. A
history or de- cleave or split.]
scription of books and manuscripts. —
Bibliograph'- Bifilar, bif 'Y-lSr, a. Two threaded; involving the use
ic, -ical, «. Pert, to bibliography. —
Bibliograph'- of two threads. [L. bis and filum, thread.]
ically, adv. — Bibliolatry, -oKa-tri, n. Homage Biflorate, bi-flo'rat, -rous, -rus, a. {Bot.) Bearing two
paid to books, esp. to the Bible; belief in the ver- flowers. [L. bis and ftos, f/oris, flower.]
bal inspiration of the Bible a superstitious rev-
; Bifoliate, bi-fo'tt-at, a, ( Bot.) Having two leaves. —
erence for the letter of the Scriptures. [Gr. la- Bifo'liolate, -lT-o-lat, a. {Bot.) Having 2 leaflets, as
treia, worship.] — BiblioKogy, n. A
treatise on
— some compound leaves. [L. bis and folium, leaf.]
books; biblical literature. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Biforate, bi-fo'rat, a. {Bot.) Having two perforations.
Bib'lioman'cy, -man'sT, n. Divination by selecting [L. bis and forare. foratum to bore.] ,

passages of Scripture at hazard. [Gr. manteia, divi- Biform, bi'form, -formed, -formd, a. Having two
nation.]— Bib /lioma / nia, -ma'nT-a, n. rage for A forms, bodies, or shapes. —
Biform'ity, n. double A
possessing curious books. [Gr. mania, madness.] — form.
Bib'lioma'niac, n. One who, etc.— BiVliomani'- Bifronted, bi-f runt^ed, a. Having two fronts.
acal, «. —Bib'liophile,-fil, n. One who loves books. Bifurcate, bi-fer'kat, -cated, -ka-ted, a. Forked; di-
[Qr.philein, to love.] —
Bib /liopho , bia, -fo'bt-a, n. vided into two branches. [L. bis and furca, fork.
A dread of books. [Gr. phobeisthai, to fear.] BiV- — — Bifurca /'tion, n. A forking. —
Bifurcons, -fer / -
liop'olist, Bibliopole'', n. A bookseller. [Gr. polein, kus. a. {Bot.) Two-forked.
to sell.]— Bibliothe'ca, -the'ka, n. repository A Big, a. Having largeness of size, bulk, etc. great ;

for books; library. [Gr. theke, case, box.] Bib'- — with young; pregnant; full of something porten*
liothe'cal, a. tons proud arrogant. [Dan. bug, belly, bulge W. ;

Bicapsnlar, bi-kap'su-ler, a. {Bot.) Having two seed

.
; ;

bog, Ic. bolga, a swelling.] Big'ness, n. — Big'wig, —

capsules to each flower. n. Aperson of consequence.
Bicarbonate, bi-kar'bo-nat, n. {Chem.) A carbonate Bigamy, big'a-mt, n. {Law.) The crime of having
having 2 equivalents of carbonic acid to 1 of base. two wives or husbands at once. [L. bis and Gr. ga-
Bice, Bise, bis, n. {Paint.) A
pale blue color, prepared mos, marriage.] —
Big'amist, n. One guilty of, etc.
from blue carbonate of copper, or from smalt. [F. Bigeminate, bi-jem't-nat.a. {Bot.) Having a forked
bise, fern, of bis, brown, black, blue.] petiole, with leaflets at the end of each division.
Bicephalous, bi-sef'a-lus, a. Having two heads. [L. [L. bis and geminare, geminatum, to double.]
bis, twice, and Gr. kephale, head. Biggin, big'gm, n. A child's cap or hood. [F. be'gutn,
Eiceps, bi'seps, n. {Anat.) A
muscle having two
'
the cap worn by Beguin nuns. J —A
piggiin, or small
origins. [L. bis and caput, head.] — ,r
Bicipital, bi-sip - wooden vessel•1 ; a contrivance for hold ing coffee-
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In. Ice i odd, tone, fir
 BIGHT 49 BINOMIAL
grounds (a bag or perforated metallic vessel) through rights. A
summary of the rights claimed by a peo-
-which boiling water is poured. [W.picyn; Ir. pigm, ple. —of sale. instrument for the conveyance
An
small pail; Ga. pigean, dim. of pige, pitcher, pot.J of goods and chattels. of sight. —
form of entry A
Bight, bit, n. (Geog.) A bend in the sea-coast form- at the custom-house, by which goods be provis- may
ing a bay. (Naut.) The double part of a folded ionally landed for examination. Bill'' -book, n. — A
rope; a round, bend, or coil anywhere except at the
ends. [Dan. and Sw. bught, bight of a rope, also
bay; AS. bige, byge, bending, corner.]
book for recording notes, bills, etc.
One who negotiates the discount of bills.
er, -stickler, n. One who posts up
bro'ker, n.
post-
placards, etc.
—
Bigot, big'ot, n. One unreasonably wedded to some Billet, billet, n. A note in writing, or short letter; a
religious creed, practice, ritual, etc. ; a devotee; ticket from a public officer directing soldiers where
hypocrite. [F.; It. bigotto. J —
Big'oted, a. Obsti- to lodge. —
v. t. (Mil.) To direct, by ticket, where
nately devoted to a system, party, etc., and illiberal to lodge; to quarter, as soldiers in private houses.
toward the opinions of others. —
Big'otedly, adv.— [F.,dim. of OF., bille, a writing.] —
Billet-doux, bil'-
Big'otry, -rT, n. Perverse or blind attachment to, Ie-doo r n., A
love letter. [F. doux, sweet.] ;

etc.; the practice or tenet of a bigot. Billet, billet, n. A small stick of wood. (Arch.) Aa
Bijou, be-zhoo', n.;pZ. Bijoux, -zhoo'. A
trinket, or a ornament in Norman work, resembling, etc. [F.
Tittle box ; a jewel. [F.] —
Bijou'try, -zhoo'trt, n. billette, billot, dim. of bille, log.]
Small articles of virtu, such as jewelry, trinkets, etc. Billiard, bil'yard, Pert, to the game of billiards.
[F. bijouterie.] — Bil'liards,-yardz, n.pZ. A
game played with ball
Bijugate, bi-ju'gat,-gous, -gus, a. (Bot.) Having two on a rectangular table. _ [F. billard, fr. bille. ball.]
pairs, as of leaflets. [L,. bis and jugare, -atum, to join.] Billingsgate, billingz-gaf, n. Foul or profane lan-
Bilabiate, bi-la'bl-at, a. (Bot.) Having two lips, as guage; ribaldry. [The name of a London fish mar-
the corols of flowers. [L. bis and labium, lip.] ket, where this dialect prevails.]
Bilamellate, bi-lam'el-lat, -lated, -lat'ed, a. {Bot.) Billion, biKyun, n. According to French numeration,
Formed of 2 plates. [L. bis and lamella, small plate.] a thousand millions, or 1,000,000,000 according to ;

Bilateral, bi-lafer-al, a. Having two sides; pert, to the English method, a million of millions, or 1,000,-
the two sides of a central organ or axis. [L. bi3 and 000,000,000. [L. bis and F. million.]
latus, lateris, side.] —
Bilat' erallty, n. State or Billow, billo, n. A great wave
or surge of the sea.
quality of being, etc. [Ic. bylgja, Sw. bofja, Dan. bolge, MHG. bulge; s.
Bilberry, bil'bSr-rf , n. A
shrub of the whortleberry rt. bulge.] — Billowy, -lo-T, a. Swelling into, etc.
family, and its fruit. [Corrup. of blueberry.'] Billy, billY, n. A watchman's club.
Bilbo, bu'bo, n.: pi. Bil'boes, -boz. An iron bar or Bilobed, bilobd, -lobate, -lo'bat, a. (Bot.) Divided
bolt with a sliding shackle and lock, to confine the into two lobes. [L. bis and Gr. lobos, ear-lap.]
feet of prisoners; a rapier. [Fr. Bilboa, in Spain.] Bilocular, bi-lok'u-lSr, a. (Bot.) Divided into, or
Bile, bit, a. A
yellow, greenish, bitter, viseid fluid containing, two cells. [L. bis and loculus, dim. of
secreted by the liver; ill-humor. [L. bilis.] Bil- — locus, place.]
iary, bil'ya-ri, a. {Med.) Pert. to. or conveying, etc. Bimanous, bi-ma'nus, a. (Zo'ol.) Having two hands.
— Bilious, -yus, a. Pert, to, or disordered in, the
— [L. bis and manus, hand.]
bile; having an excess of bile. —
Biliousness, n. Bimensal, bi-men'sal, -mestrial, -mes'trt-al, -monthly,
Bi'lin, a. (Chem.) A resinous matter, the princi- -munthlt, a. Occurring once in two months. [L.
pal constituent of the bile. —
Bile'-duct, v. {Anat.) bis and mensis, month.]
The canal which conveys bile the hepatic
; duct. Bimetalism, bi-met'al-izm, n. The use as legal ten-
Bile. See Boil, n. der of coins of two metals at a fixed relative value.
Bilge, bilj, n. The protuberant part of a cask. {Want.) Bimetallic, a. —
Bimet'allist, n. One who advo- —
The broadest part of a ship's bottom. v. t. [bilged — cates, etc.
(biljd), bilging.] (Naut.) To suffer fracture in Bin, n. A box or inclosed place, used as a repository.
the bilge to
; spring a leak. [Same as bulge.] Bilge'- —
v. t. [binned (btnd);— binning.] To store in a
wa'ter, n. (Naut?) Water upon the bilge of a ship. bin. [AS. bin, manger, D. ben, G. benne, basket.]
— BiKgy, a. Having the smell, etc., of bilge-water. Binary, Di'na-rT, «. Compounded of two; double. [L.
Bilingual, bi-lin'gwal, -guar, -gwar, a. Containing binus, two-fold, fr. bis.] Binary arithmetic. That —
two languages. —
BiHn,guous, -gwus, a. Having in which two figures only, and 1, are used, in lieu
two tongues, or speaking two languages. [L. bis and of ten. —
Binary compounds. (Chem.) A compound
lingua, tongue, language.] of two elements. Br nate, -nat, a. (Bot.) Double —
Biliteral, bi-ht'6r-al, a. Consisting of two letters. [L. or in couples; growing in pairs.
bis and litera, letter.] Bind, bind, v. t. [imp. bound (bownd); p. p. bound,
Bilk, bilk, v. t. [bilked (bilkt), buying.] To disap- formerly bounden ; binding.] To tie together or
point, deceive, or defraud, by non-fulfillment of confine with cord, bands, etc.; to restrain or hold; to
engagement. [Sw. balka, to partition off, whence protect or strengthen by a band, or cover; to place
balk: Goth, bilaikan, to mock, deride.] under legal obligation to serve. v. i. To contract; —
BUI, bil, n. The beak of a fowl; note of a bird. v. —
to grow hard or stiff ; to be restrained from mo-
t. To join bills, as doves; to caress. [AS. bile.] tion; to be obligatory. n. stalk of hops, which — A
Bill, bil, ». A hook-shaped cutting instrument an winds round a pole or tree. [AS. and Goth, bindan,
;

ancient battle-ax; a pickax, or mattock. (Naut.) D. and G. binden, Ic. and Sw. binda, Skr. bandh,
The point of the fluke of an anchor. [AS. bil,D. bijt, to bind.] —
To bind over. To oblige by bond to ap-
Ic. bddr, Dan. biil, Sw. bila, ax; G. bille, pickax; pear at a court. To bind up in. To cause to be —
Skr. bil, bhil, to break, divide.] -
Bill'-hook, -h<56k, wholly engrossed with. Bind'er, n. One who, —
n. A small hatchet, with curved edge. —
Bill'man, etc., esp. who binds books; anything that binds: a
n. ; pi. -men. One who uses a bill. bandage. —
Bind'ery, -Sr-i, n. A place where books,
Bill, bil, n. (Law.) A
written declaration of wrong etc., are bound.— Binding, a. Having power to
suffered, or fault committed an obligation given
; bind or oblige; obligatory. n. Act of fastening —
for money; a promissory note; a proposed law. An with a band; anything that binds, as a bandage, the
advertisement posted publicly; an account of goods cover of a book, or something to secure the edge of
sold or services rendered, with price annexed any cloth from raveling.
; Bind'-web, n. (Anat.) The —
paper containing a statement of particulars. [OF. connective tissue of the brain and spinal cord; the
bille, LL. billa, a writing, fr. L. bulla, sealed writing,
lit. seal.] — Bill of credit. A paper issued by a state,
neuroglia. weed, n. (Bot.)
a kind of convolvulus. wood, n. Ivy.
—
twining wild plant,
— A
to circulate as money; a letter instructing a mer- Binnacle, bin'na-kl, n. (Naut.) box containing a A
chant to credit the bearer for goods or money. of —
ship's compass and a light to show it at
entry. Awritten account of goods entered at the night. [Pg. bitacola, F. habitacle, binnacle,
custom-house. —
of exceptions. A written statement fr. L. habitaculum, little dwelling, fr. hab-
of errors in law given to a judge before a verdict is itare, to dwell.]
rendered. —
of exchange. (Com.) A written order Binocle, bin'o-kl, n. A telescope fitted with ,

desiring the drawee to pay, to the person designated two tubes joining. [L. binus, twofold, and |^
by the drawer, a specified sum of money; a draft.— ocidus, eye.] Binoc'ular, -nok'u-ler, a. f — '

offare. Alist of articles of food ready at a hotel, etc. Having two eyes; with, or pert, to both
— of health. A
certificate as to the state of health of eyes; adapted to the use of, etc. Binoc' — |

a ship's company on leaving port. of —

lading. ulate, -lat A
a. Having two eyes.
written reeeipt for goods shipped. — x
of mortality. Binomial, bi-no'mY-al,~n. (Jig.) An ex- *»nnacle.
—
An official return of deaths. ofpains and penal- pression consisting of 2 terms connected by the sign
ties. A legislative act inflicting punishment for trea-
son or felony, without judicial conviction. of —
terms; pert, to binomials. [L. bis and nomen, name.]

sub. cube, full ; moon, f6t>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —

BIOGENESIS 50 BITTERN
Biogenesis, bMMen'e-sis, Biogeny, -oj'en-Y, re. The in Episcopal usage, the highest of the 3 or-
production of Me from portions of matter given off
;

ders of the Christian ministry; a piece in the game

from previously living forms, —
abiogem or
opp. to abiogeny of chess. [AS. biscop, fr. L. episcopus, Gr. epis/copos, fr.
spontaneous generation. [Gr. bios,,uie,
genos, birth.] - Biog'enistr n. A believer m,~etc. Gr. epi, upon, and skopein, to view, inspect.] Bish r- —
Biograph, bi'o-graf, n. A device for reproducing
opric, re. A
diocese; district over which a bishop
has jurisdiction; office of, etc. [AS. bisceoprice.]
upon a screen a moving scene. Bismuth, biz'muth, re. reddish-white metal, harder A
Biography, bi-og'ra-ft, re. History of the life of a than lead, and brittle. [F., G.] Bis'muthal, a. —
fierson; biographical writings in general. [ Gr. bios, Of, or containing, etc. Bismutb/ic, a. Pert. to,etc. —
if e, & gruphein, to write.] —
Bw>g /'rapher, -ra-fer, re. Bison, bi'sen or bi'sn, n. quadruped of North A
—
One who writes, etc. Biographic, -ical, -grafik-al, America, popularly, but in-
a. Pert, to, or containing, etc.— Biograph''ically, adv. correctlv, called the buffalo.
Biology, bi-oKo-jt, re. The science of fife and living [F., L., Gr.]
things, animal and vegetable. [Gr. bios and logos, Bisque, Bisk, bisk, re. A soup
discourse.] — •' "
Biological, -loj'ik-al, a. Biol 'ogist, re. — made of crayfish, or by boil-
One versed in, etc. ing together several kinds of
Biophagous, bi-of 'a-gus, a. Consuming living crea- flesh. [F.l
tures, — said of insectivorous plants. [Gr. bios and Bissextile, bis-seks'til, n.
phagem, to eat.] Leap year; every 4th year, in
Bioplasm, bi'o-plazm, n. The germinal matter essen- whieh a day is added in the
tial to the functions of living beings unaltered month of February.— a. Pert,
;
American Bison.
protoplasm. [Gr. bios and plasma, form, f r. plassein, to, etc. [LL. bissextilis (annus), fr. L. bis and sextus,
to mold.] —
Bloplasmic, -plaz'mik, a. sixth, —
because in leap year the 6th day before the
Biparous, hi-pa^rus or bip'a-rus, a. Bringing forth calends of March (Feb. 24) was reckoned twice.]
two at a birth. [L. bis and parere, to bring forth.] Bister, Bistre, bis'ter, re. A dark-brown pigment ex-
Bipartible, bi-partl-bl, -tile, -til, a. Capable of being tracted from wood-soot. [F. bistre, G. blester.]
divided into two parts. —
Bipartite, bi-par'tlt or Bistort, bis'tort, re. A plant, called also snake-weed.
bip'ar-tit, a. Having two correspondent parts, as a [F. bistorte, fr. L. bis and torquere, tortum, to twist.]
contract, one for each party; divided into two parts, Bistoury, bis r too-rY, re. A surgical instrument for
as a leaf. [L. bis and partire, to divide, fr. pars, making incisions. [Fr. Pistona, Pistoja, in Italy.]
partis, part] —
Biparti'tioa, re. Act of dividing, etc. Bisulcate, bi-suKkat, a. Two-furrowed. (Zobl.)
Biped, bi'ped, re. An animal having two feet. [L. Cloven-footed.— Bisul'cous, -kus, a. Cloven-footed,
bis and pes, pedis, foot.] —Bipedal, -pe'dal, Bi'ped, as swine or oxen. [L. bis and sulcus, a furrow.]
a. Having, or the length of, etc. Bisulphate, bi-suFfat, n. (Chem.) A sulphate having
Bipennate, bi-pen'nat, -aated, a. Having two wings. two equivalents of sulphuric acid to one of the base.
[L. bis and penna, wing.] —
Bisul'phuret, -fu-ret, re. (Chem.) A sulphuret
Bipetalous, bi-pefal-us, a. (Bot.) Having 2 petals or with two atoms of sulphur, as the electro-negative
flower-leaves. [L.6is and petahim, Gr.petalon, leaf.] ingredient. [L. bis and sulphur, Skr. sulvari.]
Biquadrate, bi-kwod'rat, -ratlc, re. (Math.) The 4th Bit. See under Bite.
power, arising from the multiplication of a square Bitch, bich, re. The female of the canine kind, as of
number or quantity by itself Biquadratic, a.
. — the dog, wolf, and fox ; a name of reproach for a
Pert, to, etc. [L. bis and quadratvs, squared.] woman. [AS. bicce.]
Birch, bSrch, re. A forest tree of several species; a rod Bite, bit, v. t. [bit or bitten (bit'tn), biting.] To
of birch. [AS. beorc, birce, Skr. bkurja.] Birch, —
cut, crush, or seize with the teeth to cause sharp ;

Birchen, be"rcb/n, a. Consisting of, or pert, to, etc.
Bird, bSrd, re. A
two-legged, feathered, flying animal.
— v. i. To catch or shoot birds. [AS. brid, bird, esp.,
young bird ; perh. s. rt. bredan, to breed.] —Bird'-cage,
n. A cage for keeping birds confined. call, re. An
instrument to decoy birds by imitating their cry.
-fancier, re. One who rears, collects, or sells birds.
pain or smarting to; to cheat; trick; to take hold of;
adhere to. —v. t. To seize or wound with the teeth
or mouth; to cause hurt, pain, or injury. —re. Act
of biting; the wound made by the teeth; a morsel;
—
mouthful; the hold or purchase of a tool; a cheat;
—
a trick a sharper; one who cheats. [AS. bitan, D.
— bijten, Ic.
;

and Sw. bita, to bite, Skr. bhid, to break,

-lime, re. A
viscous substance used to catch birds. cleave.]— To bite the dust, or the ground. To fall in
-seed, r. Small seeds for feeding caged birds ; ca- death agonies. —
Bit'er, re. One who, or that which,
nary seed, hemp, millet, etc.—Bird-of-paradise, -par'- bites. —
Bit'ing, a. Sharp severe sarcastic ; ; ;

a-dis, A perching bird of New Guinea. Bird'B''-

re. — caustic— Bifingly, adv.— BH/ing-in, n. (Etching.)
eye, a. Seen from above, as if by a flying bird; Process of cerroding metallic plates, by means of
general; not in detail. —
Bird'a'-eye Maple. Wood acid. —
Bit, bYt. n. A mouthful morsel bite ; ; ;

of the sugar-maple, full of knotty spots resembling hence, a small piece of anything; a small coin in
birds' eyes. —
Bird's'nest, re. The nest in which a several countries small in-
bird lays eggs. v. i. —
To hunt for birds' nests. strument for boring. [AS.
;

Bireme, brrem, re. A

vessel with two tiers of oars. [L. bit, bite, fr. bitan.] — The
bis and remits, oar.] mouth-piece of a bridle, to
Birth, berth, re. Act of coming into life, or being whieh the reins are fastened.
born; lineage; extraction; natural state er position; — v. t. To put a bit in the
Carpenter's
act of bringing forth; that which is produced, ani- mouth of. [AS bitol, dim. of bits.
mal or vegetable; origin; beginning. [AS. beordh, a bite, bit.]
bite, Bit-stock, n. —
brace or handle, A
OFriesic, berthe, Sw. bord, Dan. byrd.] New birth. — to hold the bit in boring.
(Theol.) Regeneration, or the commencement of a Bitt, bit, v. t. (Naut.) To put round the bitts.— BittB,
religious life. —
Birth 'day, re. The day in which bitz, re. pi. A
frame of timbers to hold a ship's ca-~
—
one is born its anniversary.
; mark, re. Some bles. [Sw. beting, Dan. beding.] Bit'ter, n. turn A
mark or blemish on the body at birth. place, re. of the cable which is round the bitts.
The place where one is born place of origin.— ;
Bittacle, bit'ta-kl, re. The box for the compass on
-right, -rlt, re. Any right or privilege to which a board a ship. [See Binnacle.]
person is entitled by birth. Bitter, biftSr, a. Having a peculiar, aGrid, biting
Biscuit, bis'kit, re. Unleavened bread baked hard; a taste ; causing pain, smart, or distress ; character-
small loaf of leavened and shortened bread; a thin, ized by sharpness, severity, or cruelty mournful? ;

crisp cake or cracker earthen ware after its first

; distressing pitiable. [AS., D., Dan., Sw., and G.
;

baking, before glazing. [F., fr. bis, twice, and cuit,

—
bitter; AS. bitan, to bite.] Bit'terish, a. Some- —
cooked, fr. cvire, L. coqvere, coctum, to cook.] what bitter. Bit'terishness, re.— Bit'terly, adv. —
Meat biscuit. Matters extracted from meat by boil- Bit'terness, n. —
Bit'tera, -t5rn, re. The brine re-
ing, combined with flour. maining in salt works after the salt is concreted;
Bisect, bi-sekf, v. t. To cut into two parts. (Ge.om.) a very bitter compound of quassia, cocculus indicus,
To divide into two equal parts. TL. bis and secare, etc. —
Bitters, -tSrz, re. pi. Liquor, generally spirit-
sectum, to cut.] —
Bisection, -sek'shun, re. Act of, ueus, in which bitter herbs or roots have been steeped.
etc. — Biseg'ment, re. One part of a line, or other — Bit'ter-spar, -spar, n. mineral consisting of car- A
magnitude, divided into two equal parts. bonate of lime and carbonate of magnesia, the —
Bisexual, bi-seks'u-al, a. (Bot.) Of both sexes. [L.bw soluble salts of the magnesia being bitter. Bif- —
and sexus, sex.] ter-sweet, re. (Bot.) A climbing plant, whose root,
Biserial, bi-se'rY-al, a. Arranged in a double series. when chewed, produces a bitter, then a 6Weet taste.
[L. bis and series.] — Brt'terwort, -wert, re. (Bot.) Yellow gentian.
"
p, bish/up, re. An overseer; a spiritual superin- Bittern, bit'tgrn, re. A wading bird of Europe, re-
8m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, eve, tSrm ; 'In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r |
 BITUMEN 51 BLARNEY
lated to the heron. [F. butor,
a bittern: prob. onomatop.]
fr. dious of old books.
L. butire, to cry as mail, n. A rate of money,
cattle, etc., anciently paid to robbers for exemption
—
Bitumen, bi-tu'men, n. Mineral pitch, a substance from pillage extortion of money by threats. —
—
;

smelling like pitch and burning with a bright flame, -martin, n. A bird of the swallow family. -pud-
without residue. [L.] —
Bitu'minate, v.t. To im- ding, -pud'Ming, n. A kind of sausage made of
pregnate with, etc. —
Bitu'minize, -nlz, v. t. [bitu-
minized (-nizd), -nizixg.] To form into or impreg-
blood, suet, etc. rod, n. The usher of the order
of the Garter, who carries a black rod.
—
[Eng.] —
nate with, etc. —
Bitu 'minous, -nus, a. Having the -rust, n. A disease of wheat. smith, n. A
qualities of, compounded with, or containing, etc. smith who works in iron. snake, n. A ser-
Bivalve, bi'valv, n. (Zobl.) A mollusk having a shell pent of a black color: two species are found in
in two parts. (Bot.) A pericarp America. -strap, n. —
A mixture of spirituous
in which the seed-case opens or liquor and molasses. tail, n. A kind of perch.
splits into two parts. [L. bis val- thorn, n. A spiny plant bearing a small black
val, valve.] —
Bi 'valve, -valved, fruit, used for hedges the sloe. vomit, n. A ;

-valv'us, vomiting of dark -colored

-valvd, -valvous,
ular, -u-ler, a.
Biventral, bi'ven'tral, a. Having2
-valv'- matter; or the substance
so discharged, a symptom in yellow fever.
nut. An American tree having dark-colored wood.
wal- —
bellies, f L. bis and venter, belly.] Bladder, blad'der, n. (Anat.) A bag or sac in animals,
Bivious, biv'T-us or bi'vl-us, a. containing some secreted fluid; the air bag in fish.
Having, or leading, two ways. [L. [AS. blsedr, a blister, fr. blavan, to blow.]
bivius; bis and via, way.] Blade, blad, n. "The leaf, or flat part of the leaf, of a
Bivouac, biv'wak, n. (Mil.) The plant, esp. of gramineous plants; the cutting part of
guard or watch of a whole army; an instrument; broad part of an oar. (Anat.) The
an encampment without tents.
Bivalve— scapula. A sharp-witted, dashing fellow; a rake. —
v. t. [bivouacked (-wakt). -wackingJ To be on v.t. To furnish with a blade. v. i. To have, etc. —
guard to encamp without covering. [F., fr. G. bei-
; [AS. bleed; Sw., Dan., and D. blad.]— Blade'-bone,
wache, fr. 6ef,_near, and wachen, to watch.] n. The scapula, or upper bone in the shoulder. —
Biweekly, bi'wek'll, a. Occurring once in every two Blad'ed, p. p. Having blades. (Mm.) Composed
weeks. of narrow plates.
Bizarre, be-zar', a. Odd; fantastical; whimsical. [F., Blain, blan, n. An inflammatory swelling or sore;
of Basque-Iberian origin.] a pustule; blister. [AS. blegen, fr. blawan, to blow,
Blab, blab, v. t. [blabbed (blabd), blabbing.] To flare.]
tell unnecessarily, or indiscreetly. v. i. To talk — Blame, blam, v. t. [blamed (blamd), blaming.] To
thoughtlessly; to tattle. —
n. One who blabs; a censure, find fault with. n. —
Expression of disap.
babbler. [Dan. blabbre, Sw. bladdra, G. plappenu] probation th^t whieh deserves censure fault;
— Blab'ber, n. A
tattler; a telltale.
;

wrong-doing. [OF. blasmer, fr. Gr. blesphemein, to

;

Black, blak, a. Destitute of light, or incapable of re- speak ill.] —

Blam'able, -a-bl, a. Deserving of cen-
flecting it; very dark or gloomy; dismal or forbid-
—
sure; culpable; reprehensible. —
Blam'ableness, n.
ding; destitute of moral light or goodness. n. The —
Blam'ably, adv. Blame'ful, a. Meriting blame.
darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color; — Blameless, a. Without fault innocent; irre-
anegro; a black dress, or mourning. v. t. [blacked — ;

proachable.— Blamelessly, adv.— Blame'lessneas,

(blakt), blacking.] To make black; to blacken. [AS. n. —Blam'er, n. One who, etc. —
Blame'wor'thy,
lilac, blsec, Ic. blakkr, black; Dan. black, Sw. black, -wgr'thl, a. Same as blamable. —
Blame'wor'thi-
ink.] — In black and white. In writing or print.— ness, n.
Blacken, blak'n, v. I. [blackened (-nd), -ening.J Blanch, Blanc-mange. See under Blank.
To make black or dark; to sully, defame, make in- Bland, bland, a. Pleasing by soothing qualities; mild;
famous. —
v.i. To grow black or dark. Black- — gentle courteous. [L. bumdvs.] —
Bland'neBs, n. —
ing, n. A
preparation for blacking shoes, etc. — ;

Blanda'tion, n. Gross flattery. —

BtandiFoquence,
Black'ish, a. Somewhat black. Blackly, adv.— n. Fair, mild, flattering speech. [L. loqui, to speak.]
Darkly; gloomily; atrociously. Black'ness, ».— — —Bland'ish, v. t. [blandished Hsht>,-iSHiNQ.] To
Black art. Conjuration ; magic. [An attempted flatter by kind words or affectionate actions to ;

synonym for necromancy, under the idea that the soften, caress. —
v. i. To act or speak affection-
word was from L. niger, black, instead of Gr. tie- ately. [OF. blandir, to flatter, L. blandiri, to caress,
kros, corpse, and manteia, divination.] -amaor, — fr. blandus.] —
Bland'isher, n. —
Blandishment, n.
n. A negro. ball, n. A
composition for black- Words err actions of affection; artful caresses.
ing shoes, etc.; a ball of black color, used as a neg- Blank, blank, a. Of a white or pale color; pale from
ative in voting. —
v. t. [-balled (-bawld), -balling.] fear; dispirited; lacking something; empty; with-
To reject by putting black balls into a ballot-box. out mixture with anything else; pure. n. Avoid —
A space; a ticket in a lottery which draws no prize;
-band, n.

rt, n.
valuable iron ore, containing enough
coaly matter for its own calcination. berry, -ber-
A species of bramble; its edible fruit. bird,
— — a paper unwritten; a blank ballot; a document,
with vacant spaces left to be filled with names, date,
n. In Eng. a species of thrush: in Amer. the name is etc. The white spot of a target at which aim is
fiven to different birds.
o write or draw on with chalk.
— —
board, n. A board used
book, n. A book
taken. (Mech.) A piece of metal prepared to be
made into something by a further operation. [F.
far registering misdemeanors a book on necro- ; blanc, white, OHG. blanch, shining, f r. OHG. Win-
maney. —
Blankly, adv. With paleness;
mal.
ter, of
— browed, -browd, a. Threatening; dis-
cattle, -kaftl, n. Cattle reared for slaugh-
whatever
color. [Eng.] breed of Dutch A
chen, to shine.]
confusedly ; vacantly.
cartridge.
'
—
llai "
'
Blank'ness, n. Blank
A cartridge filled with powder, but with-
ige. Aca
—
The heath- —
B. indorsement. (Law.) One which
cattle of a blaek color.
cock; black grouse; black game.
garden fruit.
cock, n.

drop, n. (Med.)
currant, n. —A A
out ball.
omits the name of the payee.
without rhyme. —
—
B. verse. Verse
Blanch, blanch, v. t. [blanched
aration of opium in vinegar.
off New
flan, n. —
liquid prep-
fish caught
England, the tautog ; a small kind of
A (blancht), blanching.] To take out the color and
make white; to whiten; to make white by stripping
A
compound used to assist in —
— —
whale. flux, n. off the peel; to give a favorable appearance. v.t.
melting metals. Mar, n. A
friar of the Domin- To grow or become white. [F. blanchir, fr. blanc.']
ican order. guard, blag'gard, n. Orig. the lower —Blanch'er, n. One who whitens one who an-
—
;

menials of a court; hence a scurrilous person of low neals and cleanses money. Blanc-mange, bl&N'-
character. —
v. t. To revile ih scurrilous language. maNzh', -manger, -m&N'zha, n. A preparation of
[Orig. the guard of the devil; thence, a fit attendant dissolved isinglass or sea-moss, milk, sugar, etc.,
on the devil.]
of a blackguard.
——
guardism, n. Conduct or language
hole, n. A
dark dungeon for
boiled till thick. [F.,lit. white food; manger, to eat.]
Blanket, blnnk /'et, «. A loosely woven woolen cover,
refractory prisoners. -jack, n.— mineral ore, A to proteet from cold; a kind of pear. v. t. To —
false galena, which is the sulphuret of zinc, or zinc cover with a blanket. [F. blanchet, OF. blanket, f r.
blende; a species of oak, called also barren oak; a —
Blank'eting, n. Cloth for blankets;
small, heavy bludgeon. —
lead, -led, n.
composed of carbon ; plumbago ; graphite. [From
mineral A
blanc, white.]
the punishment of tossing in a blanket.
Blare, blar, v. i. To sound loudly; to roar.— n. Noise;
its color and its marking paper like lead.] -leg, n. — loud sound. [MHG. bleren, to shriek, L. flare, to
A gambler and cheat; a disease of sheep and calves. blow.]
—-letter, n. The old English or modern Gothic let- Blarney, blar'nY, n. Smooth, deceitful talk; flattery.
ter, used in esrly manuscripts and the first printed —
v.t. To deceive or flatter by smooth talk. [Fr.a
books. —
a. Written or printed in black-letter; stu- legend of Blarney Castle, Ireland.]

siin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or i«k, then. boNboN. chair, get.
 — ;; ; — —

BLASE; 52 BLOAT
s.**s£ bla-za', a. Surfeited; incapable of further en- sympathy or pity, Bleeding, n. A running of
joyment. [F.] blood; hemorrhage
Blaspheme, bias-fern', v. t. [blasphemed (-femd'), Blemish, blemish,!;, t. [blemished (-isht), -ishing.]
-i'HEMING.] To speak reproachfully or impiously To mark with deformity; to mar, or make defec-
if; to utter abuse or calumny against,
• v. i. To — tive; to tarnish; defame, n. —
A mark of deform-
utter blasphemy. [Gr. blasphemein, fr. blapsis, in- ity; spot; flaw; taint; imputation. [OF. blesmii; ble-
jury, and pheme, speech.] —
Blasphem'er, n. — mir, to wound, stain, fr. Ic. blaman, blue, livid.]
Blasphemous, -fe-mus, a. Containing blasphemy; Blench, blench, v, i. [blenched (blencht), blench-
impiously irreverent or reproachful toward God. — ing.] To shrink; to start back, from laek of cour-
Blas'phemously, adv. —
Blas'phemy, n. An indig- age or resolution; to flinch. v. t. —
To baffle, dis-
nity offered to God by reproachful, contemptuous, concert, break. [AS. blencan, to deceive.]
or irreverent words. Blend, blend, v. t. [blended or blent, blending.]
Blast, blast, n. A destructive or pernicious wind —
To mix together, v.i. To be mixed; to be united.
a forcible stream of air from an orifice ; exhaust [AS. blanaan, Ic. and Sw. blanda, Dan. blande.] —
steam from an engine, or the draught through the Blend'er, n.
fire produced thereby; the sound made by blowing Blende, blend, n. An ore of zinc, consisting of zinc
a wind instrument; the rending of rocks, etc., by and sulphur. [G., fr. blenden, to dazzle.] Blend'- —
explosives, or the charge used for this purpose; a ous, -us, o. Pert, to, or containing, etc.
blight; a flatulent disease of sheep. v. t. To in- Blenny, blen'nf, n. A fish of different species, hav-
jure, as by a noxious wind; to blight; to affect with ing the skin covered with shining mucus. [Gr. bleu-
sudden violence to confound, or strike with force,
; nos, f r. blenna, slime.]
by a loud blast to split, as by explosion. [AS.
; Bless, bles, v. t. [blessed (blest) or blest, blessing.]
blsest, Sw. blast, a blowing, Ic. blast); a breath, fr. To make happy; to invoke a blessing upon. ( Bib.) To
blasa, to blow.] —
Blast 'ed, a. Confounded; ac- praise, or glorify, for benefits. [AS. bledsian, bloed-
cursed; detestable. —
Blast'er, n. One who, etc.— sian, fr. blod, blood, in allusion to the consecration
Blast'fur / nace, -f Sr'nas, n. (Mech.) furnace for A of the altar by sacrifice.] —
Bless'ed, a. Enjoying
smelting ores in which air is furnished by pneu- happiness or bliss; favored with blessings; impart-
matic apparatus. pipe, n. The exhaust pipe of ing happiness; hallowed by associations; heavenly.
a steam-engine. — BlesB'edness, n. State of being blessed beati-
Blatant, bla'tant, a. Bellowing, as a calf ; noisy tude; felicity: heavenly joys. —
Bless' er, n. Bless'- —
;

bawling. [AS. blsetan, to bleat.] ing, n. A means of happiness that which pro-
—
;

Blather, blarh'e'r, n. Foolish chatter. v. i. To talk motes welfare; a benediction.— Bleat, a. Made or
idly. [L. blaterare, to prate.] —
Blath'erskite, -skit, making happy; cheering.
n. An obtrusive babbler, or his talk. [Colloq.] — Blet, blet, n. A decayed spot on fruit. [F. blette.]-^
Blatter, blat'tSr, v. i. To patter; to make a sense- Blet'ting, n. Spotted appearance of over-ripe fruit.
less noise, to rail. [G. blattem, fr. L. blaterare.] Blew. See Blow.
Blaze, blaz, n. The stream of light and heat from a Blight, blit, n. Mildew; decay; what frustrates plans
burning body; flame; light, as from flame; a white or withers hopes ; a species of plant-louse, destruc-
spot on a horse's face; a spot made on_a tree by tive to fruit trees. —
v. t. To affect with blight to
—
;

chipping off bark. v. i. [blazed (blazd), bla- blast, frustrate. [Perh. fr. AS. blicettan, fr. blican,
zing.] To shine with flame; to send forth bright to shine, glitter ; MHG.
blichen, to grow pale.]
light; to be conspicuous. —
v. t. To mark, as by chip- Blind, blind, a. Destitute of the sense of seeing; un-
ping a tree. [AS. blsese, a flame, fr. blawan. to blow; able to discern, understand, or judge; morally de-
Ic. bhjs, Dan. blus, a torch, blaze.]— Blaz'ing-star, praved ; indiscernible; hidden; unseen. v.t. To
n. A comet. deprive of sight or discernment; to obscure; to de-
Blaze, blaz, v. t. To publish far and wide, proclaim. ceive.— n. Something to hinder sight or keep out
[AS. blsesan, Ic. and Sw. blasa, Dan. bhue, D. bla- light; a screen; something to mislead" the eye or un-
zen, to blow, to sound.] —
Blazon, bla'zn, v. t. derstanding. [AS., D., Sw., Dan., and G. blind;
[blazoned (bla'znd), -zoning.] To display, ex- AS. blanden, to blend, make confused, blind.] —
hibit conspicuously, embellish, adorn ; to explain Blind'er, n. One who blinds; a piece of leather
in proper terms, as the figures on armorial ensigns. partially covering the eye of a horse.— Blindfold,
— n. Art of drawing, or explaining coats of arms; a. Having the eyes covered undiscerning. v. t. —
the representation on coats of arms; ostentatious dis- To cover the eyes of to hinder from seeing.
;
;

—
play; publication. [F. and Sp. blason, coat of arms; Blindly, adv. —
Blind'-man's-bufF , n. play in A
Sp. blasonar, to blazon, to boast, fr. MHG. blasen, to which a blind-folded person hunts others. Blind'- —
blow, etc.] — Bla'zer, n. One who spreads reports. ness, n.— Blind'-side, n. Side on which one is most
— Bla'zoner, n. One who proclaims, a herald. — easily assailed; foible. —Blind '-worm, -werm, n. A
Bla'zonment, n. Ostentation; publication. Bla'- — small reptile, like a snake, whose eyes are nearly
zonry, -zn-rl, n. Art of describing armorial bear- imperceptible; the slow- worm.
ings; exhibition of coats of arms. Blink, blink, v. i. To wink; to see with eyes half shut;
Bleaberry, ble'ber-rT, n. A plant having^ leaves like to glimmer. v. i. —
To shut out of sight, avoid or
box, and purple berries. [Corrupt, fr. blueberry.'] evade, conceal. w. — A
glimpse or glance. (Naut.)
Bleach, blech. v. t. [bleached (blecht), bleaching.] Dazzling whiteness about the horizon reflected from
To make white, or whiter, by removing the original fields of ice at sea. [D. blinken, to shine, Dan. blinke,
color; to blanch.— v. i. To grow white. [AS. Use- Sw. blinka, AS. blican, to twinkle.] Blink 'ard, n. —
can, Sw. bleka, D. bleeken, G. bleichen, to bleach; One who blinks; that which twinkles, as a star.
—
AS. Mac, pale.] Bleach'er, n.— Bleach'ery, -er-T, Blink'er, n. One who blinks a blind for horses; ;

n. A place for bleaching. —

Bleaching, n. Act or whatever obstructs sight or discernment.
art of whitening, esp. of whitening fabrics by chem- Bliss, blis, n. The highest degree of happiness; felici-
[

ical agents, etc. ty? .i°y- [-^S. blis, bliss, contr. fr. blids, blidhs, bliss,
Bleak, blek, a. Orig., without color; pale; hence, des- fr. blidhe, happy.] —
Bliss'ful, a. Full of, etc. —
olate and exposed cold cheerless. n. —
The blay, Bliss'fully, adv. Bliss 'fulness, n. — Blithe, blithe, —
; ;

a small, white, river fish. [AS. blsec, Mac, shining; a. Gay sprightly. Blithely, adv.
; —Blithe'ness, —
OS. and Sw. blek, Dan. bleg.bleek, pale.] —
Bleak'ly, n. —
BUthe'some, a. Blithe. Blithe 'someness, n. —
adv. Desolately.— Bleak'ness, n. Blister, blis'ter, n. A thin watery bladder on the
Blear, Wer, a. Dim, or sore with rheum, —
applied to skin; a tumor made by a separation of the film or
the eyes; causing dimness of sight, —
v. t. [bleared skin, as on plants, or by swelling of the substance
tblerd), blearing.] To affect with soreness of at the surface, as on steel; a vesicatory; a plaster
eyes, or a watery humor; to make dim. [Dan. blire, applied to raise a blister, v. t. [blistered (-terd), —
plire, Sw. plira, blura, to blink.] —
Blear'eye, -i, -tering.] To raise blisters upon; to give pain to,
-eyedness, -Id-nes, n. (Med.) Chronic inflammation as if by a blister. v. i. —
To rise in blisters. [OD.
of the margins of the eyelids, with gummy secretion blwjster, blister Sw. blaster, bellows, fr. blasa, to
;

of the sebaceous humor. —

Blear'eyed, a. blow.] —
Blis'tery, -ter-T, a. Full of blisters.
Bleat, blet, v. i. To cry as a sheep. —
w. The noise of, Blithe, etc. See under Bliss.
etc. [AS. blsetan, D. blaten, L. balare, to bleat.] Blizzard, bliz'zerd, n. sudden, violent snowstorm,A
Bleed, bled, v. i. [bled (bifid), bleeding.] To lose with high wind and extreme cold.
blood; to die by slaughter; to drop, as blood, from Bloat, blet, v. t. To cause to swell or become turgid;
an incision; to lose sap, gum, or juice: to pay or to puff up, make vain; to smoke, as a herring. t'. —
lose money. — v. t. To take blood from by opening i. To grow turgid, as by affusion of liquid in the
a vein; to draw monev from. [AS. bledan, fr. blod, cellular membrane to puff out to swell. [Ic.
blood.] — The heart bleeds, a phrase denoting great blotna, to become soft; Sw. blot, soft, pulpy.}
; ;

—
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; tntfv eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 BLOBBER-LIP 53 BLUBBER
Bloat 'er, n. small A fish, usually a herring, par- Sr-i, n. Theforge through which iron passes
first
—
tially dried or smoked. after it is melted from the ore. Bloom'ing, n.
Blobber-lip, blob'ber-lip, n. thick lip. [Akin toA Process of making blooms, or of converting cast into
bloat and blubber.] malleable iron.
Block, tkok, 72. A
solid mass of wood, stone, etc.; the Bloom, bloom, n. A blossom the flower of a plant; ;

mass of wood on which criminals are beheaded: the the opening of flowers an opening to higher per-
;

mold on which hats, bonnets, etc., are shaped a ;

fection, like that of buds into blossoms powdery ;

mass or row of buildings; a system of pul- coating upon newly-gathered fruits. v. i. [bloomeu —
leys arranged in a frame; any obstruction; (bloomd), blooming.] To produce blossoms; to
a section of a railroad, having a telegraph- flower; to be in a state of growing youth and vigor;
ic signal at its end, so that no tram can to show beauty and freshness, as of flowers. [Ic.
enter it until it is reported clear of preced- blom. Sw. blo/nma, Dan. blomme, D. bloem, L..flos.]
ing trains, —v. t. [blocked (blokt), block- — Bloom'ing, a. Flowering thriving in health, ;

ing.] To hinder egress or passage from beauty, and vigor. n. — A

clouded appearance of
or into; to stop, obstruct; to secure or sup- varnish upon the surface of a picture. Bloom'y, —
port by means of bloeks. [W., Ga., and Riork -T, a. Full of bloom; flourishing.
Ir. ploc, D. and Dan. blok, Sw. block.]- To
'

Bloomer, bloom'er, n. A
man-like costume for
block out. To begin to reduce to shape. Block'- — women; a woman who wears it. [Fr. Mrs. Bloomer,
ish, a. Like a block; stupid: dull. Block'ishly, — who devised it.]
adv. —
Block'ishness, n. — Block'head, n. A stupid Blossom, blos'sum, n. The flower of a plant, or the
fellow a dolt.
; house, n. organs of reproduction, with their appendages.
(Mil.) A
structure of heavy v. 1. [blossomed (-sumd), -somixg.] To put forth
timber or logs for defense, blossoms; to bloom; to flourish and prosper. [AS.
loop-holed for musketry. — blostma, D. bloesem, fr. AS. blowan, to bloom.]
-tin, n. Tin in blocks_or in- Blot, blot. v. t. To spot or bespatter; to stain with in-
gots. — Blockade. Wok-ad', n. famy, disgrace, disfigure
—
to obliterate, expunge,
;

The shutting up of a place efface, destroy. n. A

spot or stain; blur; an ob-
by troops or ships, to compel literation; a spot in reputation; disgrace; blemish.
a surrender from want, with- [Ic. blettr, Dan. plet, a spot, stain, G. platsch, platze,
out regular attacks. v. t. To —
Block-house, a splash.]—Blofter, n. One who, or that which,
shut up by troops or ships, etc to confine. Block- — blots. (Com.) A book for registering current mer-
ad'er. n. cantile transactions. —
Blot'ting pa'per. Unsized
Blomary. See under Bloom. paper, to imbibe Avet ink.
Blonde, blond, n. One having^ fair complexion and Blot, n. In the game of backgammon, a man left un-
light hair and eyes. a. —
Of a fair color or com- covered and liable to be taken up. [Dan. blot, Sw.
plexion fair. [F. blond, blonde.] — blott, D. bloot, naked.]
A
;

fine kind of silk lace. —

Blonde-lace, n.
met'al, n. An English
variety of clay iron-stone, used for making tools.
Blotch, bloch, v. t. [blotched (blocht), blotching.]
—
To blacken; to spot. n. A spot on the skin; a pus-
Blood, blud, n. The fluid in the arteries and veins; rela- tule or eruption. [AS. blsece, fr. Msec, black.] —
tion by natural descent kindred lineage, ; esp. ; — Blotch'y. a. Full of, etc.
honorable birth the shedding of blood murder;
; ; Blouse, Blowse, blowz, n. A loose over-garment;
temper of mind; disposition; excited feeling; pas- smock-frock. [F. blouse, cf Pers. baljad, a cloth or .

sion: a man of fire or spirit; juice of anything, garment.]

esp. if red. (Stock breeding.) Descent from parents Blow, bio, ». A
blossom; a flower; a bed of flowers.
of recognized breed, —in horses, descent from Arab — v. i. To
flower or bloom to produce, cause to ;

stock. —v. t. To let blood from; to bleed; to stain blossom. [AS. blowan. See Bloom and Blossom.]
with blood; to inure to blood, as a hound. [AS. and Blow, bio, n. Act of striking stroke a sudden or ; ;

Sw. blod, D. bloed, Ic. blodh, Goth. Moth fr. AS. severe calamity. [OD. blauiven, to strike, D. blouwen,
bloiuan, to bloom, flourish.] Bleod'ed, a. — ;

Having to dress flax, G. blduen, to beat with a beetle.] At —

pure, or nearly pure blood; of the best stock.— a blow. Suddenly, at one effort. To come to bloivs. —
Blood'y, -1, a. Stained with, or containing, blood; To fight.
attended with bloodshed; murderous. —v. t. To Blow, bio, v.i. [imp. blew p.p. blown; blowing.]
stain with blood. —
Blood'ily, -T-lT, adv. Bloodi- — To produce a current of air with the mouth; to
;

ness, n. State of being, etc.: bloodthirstiness. move, as air; to breathe hard or quick: pant: puff;
Blood'less, a. Without blood; dead: without shed- to sound on being blown into to brag. v. t. To ;
—
ding blood; without spirit.— Blood'lessly, adv.— drive a current 01 air upon, or drive t>y a current
of air; to sound, as a wind instrument; to spread
shed. ——
Blood'bought, a. Procured at the cost of blood-
guilt'y, a. Guilty of murder.
heat, n. Heat equal to the temperature
guilt'i- by report publish; to deposit, as eggs by flies: to
:

form by inflation; to swell by injecting air to put

ness, n.
of blood,— about 98° Fahr.
Arab stock. — horse, n.
hot, a. As warm as blood.
—
horse of
hound,
A
— out of breath. n. —
An egg deposited by a fly in
flesh; the act of depositing it. (Xaul.) A violent
;

A wind a gale. [AS. blawan, G. bldhen, L. flare, to

n. ferocious variety of dog, of acute smell, em-
ployed to track men or animals. let'ter, n. One
who lets blood, as in diseases ; a phlebotomist.
— —
;

blow, puff up.]

blow or blow-out.
—
Blowy, blo'T, a. Windy.
A
drunken frolic, spree. To
—
— A
-let'ting, n. (Med.) Act of letting blood by opening blow out. To remove salt from a boiler by steam at
a vein; venesection. —
money, -mun'Y, n. Money
paid to the next oi kin to one killed by another, or
a high pressure. —
To b. over. To pass away with-
out effect.— To b. up. To be broken and scattered
to one instrumental in causing another's death. — by the explosion of gunpowder. To b. hot and —
-rela'tion, n. One connected by blood or descent. — cold. To favor a thing at one time and slight it at
-root, n. A
plant, named from the color of its root; another. —
To b. off. To suffer to escape. To b. —
bloodwort. The shedding of blood ; up. To fill with air, puff up, kindle, burst or
n.
shed, n.
slaughter: waste of life. shed'der, n. — shed'ding,
The crime of, etc.— -shot, -shot'ten, a. Red
— scatter by explosion, abuse or scold violently.
b- upon. To bring into discredit. Blow'er, n.
To
—
—
and inflamed by a turgid state of the blood-vessels, One who blows; a smelter. (Mech.) A contriv-
as in diseases of the eye. spaVin. n. (Far.) A ance for driving a current of air into something; a
dilatation of the vein inside the hock of a horse, steam-jet to partially exhaust a chimney and cre-
forming a soft swelling. stone, n. (Mm.)—
silicious stone sprinkled with red jasper; hematite,
green A ate a blast-draught. A
screen of metal to increase
the draught through a fire or in a flue. Blow'- —
a brown ore of iron. suck'er, n. An animal that hole, n. One of the nostrils by which a whale re-
sucks blood; esp. the leech.
ous to shed blood, murderous. thirst'iness, n.
——
thirst'y, a. Desir-
—
I

I
spires and ejects water
whales, fish, etc., breathe.
a hole in ice at which
pipe, n.
;

tube for — A
A
vessel in which blood circulates; an driving a current of air through a tiame and concen-
-ves'sel, n.
—
;

warm, a. Warm as blood; luke- trating the heat on an object. A

warm.
color.
—
artery or a vein.

—
wood. n. Logwood,— so called from its
Blood'y flux. Dysentery. mind ad. a.
1

Blowse. See Blouse.

off-pipe, n.
at the bottom of a boiler, for discharging sediment.
pipe

Having a cruel, ferocious disposition. sweat. Blowze, blowz, n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. [D.
-swet, n. The sweating sickness, in which a dis- blozen, to blush, Dan. blusse, to blaze, burn in the
charge of_ blood accompanies a profuse perspiration,
;

face, Sw. blossa, to blaze s. rt. blush.] Blowzed,;

—
A mass of crude iron from the
j

Bloom, bloom, n. blowzd, BloWzy, a. Coarse, fat, and ruddy-faced.

puddling furnace, undergoing the first hammering. Blubber, blub'ber, n. The fat of whales, etc., yield-
[AS. bloma, mass, lump.] —
Blom'ary, -ery, bloom'-
|

ing oil. z.—[blubbered (-bSrd), -Bering.] To

i--.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

BLUDGEON 54 BODY
weep noisily, or so as to disfigure the face. — v. t. ica, which crushes its prey in its coils.
To swell the face with weeping. [S. rt. bladder and gere, constrictum, to draw
blow ; perh. an imitation of the bubbling sound of together.]
shaken air and water.] Boar, bor, n. The male of
Bludgeon, bluj'un, n. A short cudgel with one end swine not castrated; the
loaded. [Ir. blocan, little block, Ga. blocan, mallet, wild hog. [AS. bar.] —
beetle.] Bearish, a. Swinish;
Blue, blu, ». The color of the clear sky; one of the brutal.
primary colors, ipl-) Low
spirits; melancholy; Board, bord, n. A piece of
—
,

blue-devils. a. Of the color called blue low in timber sawed thin a table ;

spirits; over-strict in morals. v. t. —

[blued (blud),
;

to put food upon; food;

|

bluing.] To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to entertainment, usually —

temper (iron) until it is blue. [Ic. blar, Sw. bla, as furnished for pay; a
Dan. blaa, G. blau, F. bleu.]— Blue'ly, adv. With a council, or any authorized
blue color. — Blue'ness, n. —
Blu'ish, a. Somewhat assembly or meeting. Boa-constrictor.
blue— Blu'ing, n. Act of rendering blue; something (Naut.) The deck of a ves-
— A
te give a blue tint, as indigo.

A —
plant bearing blue bell-shaped flowers.
Blue'bell, n.
berry, n.
A
small Amer-
— sel interior of a vessel
; side of a ship line over
which a ship runs between tack and tack.
for a game; paper made thick and stiff like a board.
;

table
;

A
kind of whortleberry. bird, n.
ican bird, resembling the English robin.
A parliamentary publication, so called from its blue
book, n.— (pi.) The stage in a theater. v. t. To lay, spread,
or cover with Doards; to go on board of, or enter; to
—
paper covers. [Eng.] A
list of persons in govern- furnish with food lor compensation; to place at
ment employ. [Amer.] —
bot'tle, n. A plant which
grows among corn, and has blue bottle-shaped flow-
board, for compensation. v. i. To obtain food
statedly for compensation. [AS. and Ic. bord, board,
—
ers; a fly, with a large blue belly.
—
breast, n.
European bird. -devils.-dev'lz, n.pl. Lowness of
— small A side of a ship, D. bord, board, shelf.]
board. (Naut.) Side by side.
Board and
By the b. Over —
—
spirits ; hypochondria. fish, n. An edible salt the side.— To go by the b. To .suffer complete de-
water game fish; a name sometimes applied to the —
Board'er, n. One who takes and pays
dolphin. — grass, n. A
valuable pasture-grass, in-
digenous to the limestone region of Kentucky.—
struction.
for meals at another's table.
boards a ship. —
Board'ing. n.
(Naut.) One who
casing made of A
-gum tree, n. The Eucalyptus globulus, of Austra- boards. —
Board'ing-house, n. house for board- A
lia, yielding a resin resembling kino.
A
—
light, -lit, n.
composition burning with a blue flame, used as a
ers. —
-school, -skool,
board and lodging.
n. school where pupilshave
—
Board'wa ges, n. pi.
A
An
firework or a night signal at sea.
A
—
mass, n. {Med.)
preparation of mercury and conserve of roses,
lowance to servants to purchase their own food.
Boast, b6st, v. i. To vaunt one's self; to brag.
al-

—
from which blue pills are made.
A
—
pe'ter, n. (Brit-
nify or exalt one's self.
v. t.
To speak of with pride, vanity, or exultation ; to mag-
». Expression of ostenta-—
ish Marine).
center, used as a signal for sailing.
A
—
blue flag with a white square in the
pill, n. (Med.)
pill of prepared mercury, used as an aperient, etc.
tion, etc.; the cause of boasting. [W. bost. Ir. and
Ga. bosd, a boast.] —
Boast'er, n.— Boast 'Ml, -ful,
— stocking, n.
-stone, -vit'riol, n.
A
literary lady; a female pedant.
(Chem.) Sulphate of copper,
— a. Given to boasting.— Boast 'fully, -ingly, adv.'—
Boast 'fulness, n.
used as a caustic. Boat, bot, n. A
small open vessel; any vessel. v.t. —
Bluff, bluf. a. Rude or coarse ; blustering ; roughly To transport in a boat. v. i. To go in a boat. —
frank; outspoken; steep; bold.— n. A bank pre- [AS. and Sw. bat, Ic. batr, D. boot, W. bad, Ga.
senting a precipitous front; a game of cards. v. t. — bata.] —
Boat'able, a. Navigable for small craft. —
To frighten or deter ; to repel by gruffness. [OD. Boat '-bill, n. A
wading-bird of South America, hav-
bla/, flat, broad, also, a boaster; D. blaffer, a boaster,
—
ing a bill like a boat keel uppermost.
A
hook, -h6t>k,
hook on a pole, to pull or push a
—
noisy fellow, fr. blaffen, to bark, yelp.J
n. — Bluffly, a. Having bluffs.
Blunder, blun'dSr, v. i. [blundered (-derd), -der-
Bluff 'ness, n. (Naut.)
boat. —
man, n. One who manages a boat. swain,
bo'sn, n. An officer who has charge of a ship's boats,
—
ing.] To mistake grossly; to err through want of sails, rigging, etc. [AS. swan, Ic. sveinn. a boy.]
care. —
v. t. To confuse, mix together. n. A gross — Bob, bob, n. Anything that plays loosely, or with
mistake; error; bull. [Sw. blunda, to shut the eyes, jerks; bait used in angling; the ball of a pendulum
Sw. and Dan. blund, a doze, nap.] Blun'derer, n. — — or plumb-line. v. t. —
[bobbed (bobd), bobbing.}
Blun'derhead, -hed, n. A stupid fellow. To move in a short, jerking manner; to strike with
Blunderbuss, blun'der-bus, n. A short gun, with large a quick, light blow to gain by fraud, delude ; to
—
;

bore for a number of balls, not requiring exact aim; have the haircut short. v. i. To have a jerking
a stupid, blundering fellow. [Corrupt, fr. D. don- motion to angle with a bob, or with jerks of the
;

derhus, thunder-gui.\] bait. [Perh. onomatop. perh. fr. Ga. bog, to bob,
;

Blunger, blun'jer, w. A
wooden blade with a cross fr. 6oc, a blow, deceit; Ir. bagaim, I wag.]— Bob'-
handle, to mix clay in potteries. [Same as plunger.] stays, -staz, n. pL {Naut.) Ropes or chains to con-
— fine a ship's bowsprit downward to the stem or cut-
Blun'ging, n. Process of mixing clay; plunging.
Blunt, blunt, a. Having a thick edge or point; dull;
dull in understanding; abrupt in address; uncere-
water. —
tail, n. A
short tail, or a tail cut short;
the rabble, used in contempt, —as in the phrase rag-
monious. —v. t. To dull the edge or point of; to tag and bob-tail. wig, n. short wig. A
repress or weaken, as appetite, desire, etc. [S. rt. Bobbin, bob'bin, n. A
kind of spool on which thread
blind and blunder.] —
Bluntly, adv. Blunt'ness, n. — is wound; round tape. [F. bobine, bobbin, Ir. and
Blur, blSr, «. That which obscures without effacing; Ga. baban, a tassel.] —
Bobbinet, bob-bin-et' or bob'-
a stain; blot; a dim, confused appearance, —v. t. bin-et, n. A
kind of lace wrought by machines.
[blurred (blSrd), blurring.] To obscure without Boblincoln. bob-lin'kun, Bob'olink, n. The rioe-bird,
quite effacing; to cause imperfect vision in; to dim; rice-bunting, reed-bird; an American singing-bird.
to blemish, disgrace, sully. [Dan. plire, blire, Sw. Bob-white, bob' whit', n. The American partridge or
plire, Sw. prov. bhtra, to blink; s. rt. blear.] quail, — named from its note.
Blurt, blSrt, v. t. To utter suddenly or unadvisedly; Bock-beer, bok'ber, n. A
strong kind of lager beer.
to divulge inconsiderately. [S. rt. blare, blast.] [G. bock bier, fr. bock, a goat.]
Blush, blush, v. i. [blushed (blusht), blushing.] To Booking, bok'ing, n. A kind of baize or drugget [Fr.
have a rosy color; to redden in the face, as from Bockmg, Eng.]
shame, confusion, or modesty. n. —
rosy tint; a A Bode, bod, v. t. To indicate by signs; to portend,
red color suffusing the face; sudden appearance ; foreshow. v. i.—To foreshow, presage. [AS. 60-
glance; view. [AS. blyscan, to glow. See Blowze.] dian, to announce, fr. bod, message; s. rt. bid.]
Bluster, blus'ter, v. i. [blustered (-terd), -tering.] Bodice, Boddice, bod'is, n. Stays; a corset. [Prop,
To blow fitfully with violence and noise; to talk the pi. of body.]
noisily; swagger, n. —
Noise and violence; threat- Bodkin, bod'kin, n. A dagger; a pointed instrument
ening talk boisterousness turbulence; boasting;
; ; for making holes, etc., or for drawing tape through
bullying. [Ic. blastr, a blast, Sw. blast, tempestu- loops. [W. bidogt/n, dim. of bidog, short sword.]
ous weather. See Blast.] Blus'terer, w. — swag- A Body, bod'I, The
material substance of an animal;
n.
gerer; a bully. —
Blus'teringly, adv. the principal part, in distinction from parts less im-
Boa, bo'a, n. A
genus of serpents; a round fur tip- portant; a person; a collective mass of individuals;
pet, shaped like a boa-constrictor. [L., perh. fr. a corporation a number of particulars taken to-
;

—
I

bos, bulC referring to its size.] Bo'a-constric'tor, gether; a system; any mass or portion of matter.
-kon-strik'tSr, n. A
large serpent of tropical Amer- |
(Paint.) Consistency; thickness. v. t. [bodied —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, t5ne. or
 BCEOTIAN 55 BONE
(bod'id), bodying.] To produce in definite shape; spring suddenly aside; to desert, as a party or or-
to embody. [AS. bodig, Skr. bandha.] Bod'ied, -id, — ganization. —
adv. With sudden meeting or collis-
a. Having a body, —
usually in composition. Bodi- — ion perpendicularly. [AS., OD. bolt, G.
;

less, a. Having no material form; incorporeal bolzen, a bolt, kind of arrow.] Bolt'er, —
'ily, a. Having or containing a body; corpo- n. —Bolt'-head, n. (Chem.) A long glass
—
real pert, to the body.
;

completely.
for the body.
—
adv. Corporeally; entirely;
Bod'y-clothes, -klothz, n. pi. Clothing
color, -kul'er, n. (Paint.) Color
ceiver. —
vessel for distillations, a matrass or re-
rope, ii. (Naut.) A rope sewed
to edges of sails to strengthen them.
that has body, or consistence, in distinction fr. a Bolt, bolt, v. t. To sift to separate, as-
;

tint or yash. —-guard, -gard, re. guard to protect A sort, or jjurify; to examine closely. [OF.
the person; life-guard.— pol'itic, n. state in its A butter, F. bluter, to sift, fr. LL. burra,
political capacity. snatcher, -snach'gr, n. One coarse cloth.]
who robs graves of bodies. Bolt'sprit. See Bowsprit under Bow.
Boeotian, be-o'shan, a. Pert, to Bceotia to its bad ; Bolus, bo'lus, re. (Med.) A rounded mass ;

climate; or to its dull and stupid inhabitants. a large pill. [1,., bit, morsel.]
Boer, boor, n. A
Dutch colonist of South Africa. [D., Bomb, bum, n. hollow iron ball B °" f nd
(Mil.) A
tilled with explosives to be discharged Wilts,
a farmer. See Book.]
Bog, «. A quagmire marsh morass. v. t. To — from a mortar. [F. bombe, a bomb, fr. L. A, bolt;
;

whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. [Lr. bog-

;

bombas, Gr. boniboa, a booming sound.] B, head; —

ach, Ga. bogan, fr. Ir. and Ga. bog, soft, moist.] — Bombard, bum-bard', v. t. To attack with C, nut;
Bog'gT, a. Containing bogs; swampy. Bog'-ore, — bombs. —
Bombardier', -der', n. (Mil.) D, check-
(Min.) Cellular limonite; an ore of iron formed One who throws bombs; an artilleryman.
re.
in marshes. — spav'in, n. (Far.) An encysted tu-
mor on the inside of the hough. trot'ter, n. One — — Eombard'ment, n. An attack with
bombs. —
nut.

Bomb'ketch, -ves'sel,n.(2vau<.) A strong

—
who lives among bogs, applied to Irish robbers. — vessel carrying mortars lor bombarding, —-proof,
-wood, re. Wood found buried in peat bogs, dark and a. Secure against penetration by bombs. shell,
naru, and
hard, anu used
useu in ornaments.
iu uiiuuiieiiis. n. A bomb.
Bogey, Bogy, bo'gt. Bogle, bo'gl, Boggle, bog'gl, re. Bombast, bum'bast, n. Orig., cotton or soft material
.

A hobgoblin; bugbear; specter; a nurse rsery demon. used as padding hence, an inflated style fustian,
— gie, Bo'gy, n. A small hand-car on
Bo'gie, or railroads; a. High-sounding —
inflated turgid. [LL,. boin-
;

; ;
;

a four-wheeled truck undeT a locomotive; an iron bux, L. bombyx, Gr. bombux, cotton.] — Bombast 'ic
Characterized by, etc. — Bombastically, adv.
—
?

box to receive slag from a puddling furnace. Bog'- a.

gle, v. i. [boggled (-gld), bogoli no.] To hesitate Bombazet, -zette, buni'ba-zet', Bom'bazine', -sine,
as if frightened: to waver, vacillate, shrink. [Scot. -sin, -zen', n. A twilled fabric, with silk warp and
bogle, W. bwg; specter, goblin.] Bog'gler, n. — worsted weft. [F. bombasin, fr. LL. bombacynus,
Bogus, bo'gus, a. Spurious; counterfeit. [Corrupt. made of bombax. See Bombast.]
of Borohese, the name of a swindler.] Bombic, bom'bik, a. Pert, to, or obtained from, the
Bohea, bo-he', re. An inferior kind of black or green silk-worm. [L. bombyx, silk-worm.] Bombycinoos, —
tea; black tea in general. [Fr. Wu-i. pron. by the -bis'I-nus, a. Of the color of the silk-worm: trans-
Chinese bu-i, the name of hills where this tea grows.] parent with a yellow tint.
|

Bohemian, bo-he'mY-an, a. Pert, to Bohemia or its Bona fides, bo'na fi'dez. Good faith sincerity.
;

i ;
—
inhabitants, to gypsies, or to hack-writers for the Bona fide, -fi'de. In good faith really. [L.] ;

press. —
re. A native of Bohemia; a gypsy; a needy Bonanza, bo-nan'za, n. A sudden widening in a
|

—
writer, politician, artist, etc.. who lives Dy his wits. vein of silver; a successful venture, esp. in gold
Boil, boil. v. i. [boiled (boild), boiling.] To be agi- or silver mining. [Sp., fair weather, prosperity.]
tated by the action of heat to bubble, effervesce; Bonbon, boN'boN, n. Sugar confectionery a sugar-
; ;

to be hot or fervid; to be excited; to suffer boiling plum. [F., fr. bon, good.]
in liquid. — v. t. To cause to bubble by heat to Bond, bond, n. That which binds, fastens, or con-
;

form Dy boiling; to subject to the action of heat in •" a binding force or 1

— [ —
influence. ?Law.) A
i
i i i i i

a boiling liquid. [OF. boillir, fr. L-. bullire, to boil,

fr. bidla, a bubble.] —
To boil away. To evaporate writing by which one rzc 3=E
by boiling. — Boiling point. The temperature at binds himself, his heirs,
which a fluid is converted into vapor, —for water executors, etc., to pay a English Bond.
at sea-level, 212" Fah. —
Boil'er, n. One who boils; sum. (Arch.) Union or
a vessel in which anything is boiled. (Mech.) A tie of stones or bricks in a
metallic vessel in which steam is generated. Boil'- wall. —
a. In a state of —
ery, n. A place and apparatus for boiling. Boil''- —
servitude or captivity.
ing, n. Act or state of agitation by heat; ebullition; v. t. To secure payment
act of subjecting to the action of neat. of, by giving a bond. [An-
Boil, boil, re. A small inflamed tumor, which com- other form of band, fr. Flemish Bond.
monly suppurates, — formerly written bile. [AS. AS. bindan, to bind.] Bond'age, n. State of being —
byl, byle, D. bide, buil.] under restraint; obligation. (Old Eng. Law.) Vil-
Boisterous, bois'ter-us, a. Tumultuous; turbulent; lenage. —
Bonded goods. Goods left in charge of cus-
noisy; roaring. [W. bwystus, brutal, fr. bwyst, feroci- toms officers, bonds being given for the payment —
—
ty.]— Bois'terously, adv. Bois'terousness, n. of duties upon them.— -ware'house, n. A place
where bonded goods are stored. Bond'maid, n. — A
Bold, bold, a. Forward to meet danger exhibiting
or requiring spirit and daring; audacious; forward;
;

female slave. man, n. A man slave. (Old Eng. —

impudent; taking liberties in expression; markedly
•onspicuous; steep or abrupt. [AS. beald, bald.]
To make bold. To take liberties; to use freedom.
Law.) A villain, or tenant in villenage.
n. A slave.
in slavery.
—
service, n. Slavery.
— slave, n. One
stone, n. (Masonry!) A stone running ——
serv'ant,
——
—
Boldly, adv. Bold'ness, n. through the thickness of a wall to bind it together.
Bole, bSl, n. The body or stem of a tree. [Sw. bal,
—
Dan. bul.] A kind of fine, compact, or earthy clay.
—
tim'ber, n. A beam worked into a wall to tie or
strengthen it longitudinally. —Bondsman, bondz'-
[Gr. bolos, a clod.] man, n.; pi. -men. A bondman. (Law.) A surety;
Bolero, bo-la'ro, n.
ballj
ASpanish dance. [Sp., fr. bola, one who gives security for another. wom'an, n. A
woman slave.
—
Boll, bol, n. The pod or capsule of a plant a peri- ; Bone, bon, n. (Anat.) A hard whitish substance, com-
carp; a Scotch measure, containing 2, 4, or 6 bush- posing the skeleton; an integral portion of the skele-
els.— v. i. To form into a seed-vessel. [Dan. bulne, ton. —
a. Made of bone. v. t. —
[boned (bond),
Sw. bidna, to swell; s. rt. bulge.] boning.] To take out bones from; to put whalebone
Bologna sausage, bo-lon'ya-saw-saj. sausage of A into. [AS. ban, D. and Dan. been, Sw. ben.]— A
various meats and pork suet. [Bologna, in Italy.] bone of contention. Subject of dispute. A b. to —
Bolster, bSl'stgr, n. A long pillow or cushion; a pad; pick, or gnaw. Something to occupy or divert.
compress. —
v. t. [bolstered (-stgrd), -steeing.] To pick a b. with. To quarrel with.— To make no
To support with a bolster to hold up maintain.
; ; bones. To make no scruple. — Body
and Bones.
[AS., fr. bolla, a round thing, ball.] Wholly unreservedly. — Boneless, a. Without
Bolt, bolt, n. An arrow; dart a strong pin, to hold ; bones. —
;

Bon'y, -t, a. Consisting of, full of, or

something in place a thunder-bolt shackle 28 pert, to, bones; having large or prominent bones.—
ells of canvas. —
v. t.
;

To fasten with a bolt, re-

; ;

Bone'ash, n. The residue from calcined bones, —

strain; to blurt out; to swallow without chewing. used for making cupels and cleaning jewelry. —
— v.»'.
To start forth like a bolt, move abruptly, -black, n. (Chem.) A carbonaceous substance from

sua, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —

BONESET 56 EOREOW
bones calcined in close vessels. cave, n. A cave — v. i. To make a hollow sound, roar, or cry. [OD.
containing bones of extinct animals. dust. n. bommen, to drum.]
—
Ground or pulyerized bones, used as a iertilizer. Boomerang, boom'er-ang, n. A missile weapon of
Earthy residuum after cal- the natives of Australia, which describes remark-

n.
earth, n. (Chem.)
cining bone, chiefly phosphate of lime. softer,
One who sets broken and dislocated bones.
— able curves, and falls near the thrower.
Boon, boon, n. Gift; benefaction; grant; prayer or
-BpaVln, n. (Far.) A bony excrescence, on the in- petition. [Ic, Dan., and Sw. bon, AS. ben, peti-
side of the hock of a horse's leg. tion.]— o. Gay; jovial; kind; bountiful. [F.bo»i.]
Boneeet, bon'set.n. A medicinal plant; thoroughwort. Boor, boor, n. A
countryman peasant ; clown; a ;

Bonfire, bon'fir, n. Afire to express public exultation, rude and illiterate person. [D. boer, peasant, fr.
or for amusement. [E. bone-fire =
a fire to burn the bouwen, to till.] —
Boorish, a. Like a boor; clown-
bones and relics of saints.] ish; illiterate. —
Boorishly, adv. Boor'ishness, n. —
Bonhomie, bon'om-e, n. Good nature simplicity. [F. ; Boose, Booze, Bouze, booz, v. i. To drink excessively;
bon, good, and homme, man.] to guzzle. [OD. buisen, to drink deeply, fr. buizt, a
Borito,
tonito, bo-ne'to, n. A
fish of the tunny kind. [Sp., large drinking cup.] Boo'ser, n. —
Boo'ay, -zy, -zT, —
fr. Ar. baynis.] a. Intoxicated; silly; fuddled.
Bonmot, boN'mo, n. A
witty repartee; a jest. [F. Boost, boost, v. t. To lift or push from behind.
bon, good, and mot, word.] Boot, boot, v. t. To profit; to advantage, n. Differ- —
Bonne, ban, n. A
child's nurse. [F., fem. of bon.] ence given to equalize an exchange; profit. [AS.
Bonnet, bon'net, n. A
covering for the head. (Fort.) and Goth, bota, advantage s. rt.
Ic. bot, ; better.] —
Part of a parapet elevated to screen the other part Bootless, a. Unavailing unprofitable. ; — Boof-
and its terre-pleine. (Kaut.) An
addition to a sail. lessly,_ae/i>. — Boot'lessness, n.
A plate or a dome-shaped casing; a frame of wire Boot, boot, n. A
covering for the foot and leg; a rack
netting over a locomotive chimney. [F., fr. LL. for the leg, to torture criminals; a leather-covered
bonneta, a kind of stuff.] —
Bon'neted, a. Wearing receptacle on a coach; a cover for a carriage, against
a bonnet. (Fort.) Protected by, etc. rain and mud; (pi.) a servant who blacks boots.— v. t.
Bonny, bon'nl, a. Handsome gay plump well-
; ; To put boots on. [OF. botte, a butt or barrel, a boot,
formed. [Corrup. fr. F. bon, bonne.]— Bon'nily, adv.
;

G. butte, tub.] —
Boot and saddle. The cavalry
Bonny-clabber, bon'nT-klab'ber, n. Sour buttermilk; trumpet call before marching. Bootee, boot-e', n. —
the thick part of soured milk. [Ir. bainne, milk, and A half boot. —
Boot'-crimp, n. frame for shaping A
clabar, mud.] boots. —
-jack, n. An instrument for drawing off
Bon ton, boN toN. The height of the fashion ; fash- boots. —
-tree, -last, n. A
block to stretch boots.
ionable society. [F., good tone, manner.] Booth, booth, n. A temporary shelter; slight hut. [Ic.
Bonus, bo'nus, n. (Law.) A premium given for a loan, budh, Sw. and Dan. bod, Ga. buth, shop, hut; Ir. both,
charter, etc. An extra dividend paid out of ac- —
W. bwth, hut.] Boothy, Bothy, botb/I, n. In Scot.,
cumulated profits; a sum paid to an agent, above a a hut for farm servants.
share in profits or stated compensation. [L., good.] Booty, boot'!, n. Spoil taken in war, or by violence;
Bon-vivant, boN've-v&N', n. A good fellow jovial ; plunder. [Ic. byti, exchange, barter Dan. bytte, ;

companion. [F.; vivant, p. pr. of vivre, to live.] Sw. byte, booty: Ic. byta, to divide, distribute.]
Bonze, bon'ze, n. A Buddhist priest, monk, or nun. Bopeep, bo-pep', n. A children's play.
[Pg. bonzo, fr. Japan, bozu, a Buddhist priest.] Borage, bur'rej, n. A
garden plant, used as a cor-
Booby, boo'bl, n. A
stupid bird of the gannet fam- dial. [F. bourrache, fr. LL. borra, rough hair, the
ily; a dunce. [Sp. and Pg. bobo, blockhead.] leaves being rough.]
Boodle, boo'dl, n. Money given in payment for Borax, bo'raks, n. (Chem.) Biborate of soda; a salt
votes or political influence; bribe money.* ISlang.l formed by combination of boracic acid with soda.
Book, bdok, n. A collection of sheets of paper, etc., [F. and LL., fr. Ar. buraq, Pers. burah, borax.] —
bound together; a literary composition, written or Boracic, -ras'ik, Bo'racous, -cus, a. Pert, to, or pro-
printed; a subdivision of a literary work. (Mer.) duced fr., etc. —
Bo'rate, n, A salt formed by com-
A volume in which accounts are kept. v. t. — bination of boracic acid with a base. Bo'ron, h. —
[booked (bdokt), booking.] To enter, write, or An elementary substance, allied to carbon, the base
register in a book. [AS. boc, D. boek, Ic. and Sw. of boracic acid. —
Bo'ruref, -roor-ef, n. combi- A
bok; AS. boc, beech-tree, boards of which were writ- nation of boron with a simple body.
ten on.] —
Bookish, a. Given to reading more ; Border, b6r'de"r, n. The outer part or edge of any-
acquainted with books than with men. Book'- — thing verge; brim; boundary. v. i. [bordered —
ishly, adv. —
Book'ishness, n. —
Without book. By
;

(-dSrd), -dering.] To touch at the edge; to be ad-

memory or without notes without authority.
;
— jacent; to come near to. —
v. t. To make, or adorn
Book'bind'er, n. One who binds books. bind'- with, a border; to touch at the edge. [F. bordure, LL.
ery, n. A
place for binding, etc. bind'ing, n. bordura, D. boord, margin, border.] Bor'derer, n. —
Art or practice of, etc. case, n. A case with One who dwells on a border. Bor'der-land, n. —
shelves for holding books. (Bind.) book-cover. A Land on the frontiers; debatable land.
cov'er, n. (Bind.) A case for a book a cover of ; Bore, bor, v. t. [bored (bord), boring.] To perfo-
cloth or other material prepared for casing a book.— rate or penetrate; to form a round hole in; to weary
-keep'er, n. One who keeps accounts.
n. Art of recording mercantile transactions and
keeping, — by tedious iteration or dullness; to vex. v. i. To
pierce or enter by boring to be pierced or pene- ;
—
keeping accounts.
books; ignorant of life. —
learned, -lernd, a. Versed in
learn'ing, n. Learning
trated by a turning instrument; to Carry the nose to
the ground, —
said of a horse. n. The hole made
by boring; cavity of a fire-arm caliber one who,
—
edge. —
acquired by reading,— esp. as opp. to practical knowl-
maker, n. One who writes and publishes
books; a compiler; a sporting man who makes a rec-
or that which, wearies by repetition or dullness.
[AS. borian, D. boren, Ic bora Dan. bore, h.forare,
; ;

ord of bets. —
mak'ing, n. The practice of, etc.; com-
pilation systematized betting.
; —
mark, n. Some-
to bore.] —
Bor'er, n. Ont who, or that which, etc.
Border, Bore'worm, n. The teredo, a sea-worm which
—
thing placed in a book by which to find a particular pierces and destroys submerged wood; also a worm
place. — plate, n. Alabel indicating ownership, place
in a library, etc., usually on the inside of the cover of of being bored; ennui: the domain of bores.
—
which penetrates trees. Bore'dom, -dum, n. State
a book. post, n. The post-office arrangement by Bore, bor, n. (Physical Geog.) A tidal flood at the
One who mouths of some rivers: a high and rapid flow. [Ic.
sells books. —
which books are mailed. selPer. n.
shelf, n. A shelf to hold books.—
-shop, -stall, -store, n. A place for selling books.
bara, billow, Sw. bar, hill.]
Bore, Born. See Bear.
A
-stand, n. stand for selling books in the streets;
book-stall; a support to hold books. worm. n. A
worm or mite that eats holes in books one exces-
— ;
Boreal, bo're-al, a. Northern; pert, to the north or
north wind. [L. borealis, f r. Boreas, north wind.]
Boron. See under Borax.
sively addicted to study. Borough, bur'ro, n. An incorporated town in Eng., ;

Boom, "boom, n. A spar tor extending the bottom of a town that sends members to parliament; in Scot.,
sails; a chain cable or connected line of spars, cross- a body corporate, with certain jurisdiction. [AS.
ing a river or other water; a pole set up in shallow burh, burn, D. burg, Ic, Sw., and Dan. bora, fort, cas-
water, to mark out the channel; in business, a strong tle, fr. AS. beorgan, to protect.] Bor'ough-Eng'- —
demand for a commodity; an earnest popular in- lish. -in'glish, n. (Eng. Law.) A descent of es-
terest in behalf of some measure. v. i. —
[boomed tates to the youngest son, or to the youngest brother,
(boomd), booming.] To rush violently, as a ship if there are no sons.
under press of sail. [D., boom, pole; s. rt. beam.] Borrow, bor'ro, v. t. [borrowed (-rod), -rowing.] To
Boom, boom, n. A
hollow roar; the cry of the bittern. take on trust, with the intention of se paying; to

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; ?nd. eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 BORT 57 BOW
take from another for one's own use; to appropriate. Bouilli, bool'ye, n. (Cookeiij.) Beef, stewed and
[AS. borgian, fr. borg, pledge, security, fr. beorgan, served_with sauce. [F., fr. bouilHr, to boil.] Bouil- —
to protect.] — Borrower, n. lon, booKyoN, n. Broth; soup. (Far.) disease A
Bort, bflrt, n. Fragments of diamonds used as pow- of horses' feet. [F.J
der for lapidary work. Boulder. See_BowLDER.
Boscage, bosk'ej, n. Wood underwood ; a thicket. ; Boulevard, boo-le-var', n. Orig. a bulwark; a broad
(Paint.) A landscape representing thickets. [F., fr. public walk or street. [F., fr. G. bollwerk, bulwark.]
It. bosco, G. bosch, busch, bush.] Bosk, n. — A Bouleversement, bool-vars-maN', re. turning up- A
thicket. —
Bosk'y, a. Woody; bushy. sidedown; complete overthrow. [F., fr. boule, ball,
Bosh, bosh, re. Mere show; empty talk; folly. [Turk., and verser, to turn.]
empty, vain; Scot, boss, hollow; G. bosse, trifle.] Bounce, bowns, [bounced (bownst), bouncing.]
v. i.
Bosom, DoVzum, n. The breast of a human being; To leap or spring suddenly; to beat or thump, — v.
the seat of the passions, affections, etc.; embrace; t. To drive violently against anything. — n. A sud-
affectionate inclosure; inclosed place; interior; the den leap or bound; a heavy, sudden blow or thump;
part of the dress over the breast. —
a. Intimate ; fa- a bold lie. [Platt-Deutsch, bunsen, to beat, knock,
miliar; dear. —v. t. [bosomed (-zumd), -oming.] To D. bonzen, to bounce, throw.] Boun'cer, -ser. v. —
inclose in the bosom keep with care hide from
; ; One who bounces; a bold lie; a liar; something big.
view; embosom. [AS. bosm, D. boezem, G. busen.} — Boun'cing, a. Plump and healthy; lusty.
Boss, bos, n. A
protuberant ornament stud, knob. ; Bound, bownd, n. External line of any object or
(Meek.) The enlarged part of a shaft, on which a space, limit, confine, boundary, —v. t. To limit,
wheel is keyed, or where it is coupled to another; terminate, restrain, circumscribe; to give the boun-
a swage or die for shaping metals. v. t. —
To orna- daries of. [OF. bonne, LL. bodina, bonna, bound,
ment with bosses; to stud. [F. bosse, a hump; It. limit, fr. Armor, boden, a cluster of trees, fr. bod,
bozza, a swelling; OHG. bozo, pozo, D. bos, bunch, Ir. bot, a cluster.] —
Bound'ary, ra-r Y n. That which
bundle.] —
Bos'sy, a. Having bosses; studded. fixes a limit, —
esp. a visible mark. Boundless, a. —
,

Boss, bos, n. A
master workman or superintendent. Without bounds unlimited infinite.
— v. i. & t. To direct, superintend. [D. baas, master.]
;

Bound, bownd, n. A leap; spring; jump. v.i. To

;

—
Boston, bos'ton, n. A
game played T>y four persons, move forward by leaps; rebound, as an elastic ball.
with two packs of cards, —
introduced by French [F. bondir, to bound, rebound, orig. resound 8. rt. ;

officers at Boston during the Revolutionary war. boom.']

Botany, bofa-nT ? re. Science of the structure, classifi- Bound, bownd, a. Destined; tending; going, or in-
cation, etc., of plants. [Gr. botane, plant, fr. bos- tending to go, etc. [Ic. buinn, prepared, ready, fr.
kein, to feed, graze.] —
Botanic, -ical, bo-tan'ik-al, bua, to get ready.]
a. Pert, to botany; relating to, or containing, plants. Bound, Bounden. See Bind.
— Botan'ically, adv. —
Botanist, bot'an-ist, n. One Bounty, bown'tY, re. Goodness liberality munifi- ; ;

skilled in, etc. —

Bot'anize, v. i. [botanized (-Tzd), cence; that which is given liberally; a premium to
-izing.] To seek for and investigate plants. encourage some object. [F. bonte", L. bonitas, fr.
Botch, boch, n. An ulcerous affection. [OF. boce, bonus, good.] —
Boun'teous, -te-us, a. Disposed to
boss of a buckler, boil,— same as F. bosse. See Boss.] give freely generous. Boun'teously, adv. — —
Botch, boch, n. A patch of a garment; work done Boun'teousness, n.
;

—
Boun'tiful, -ful, a. Free in
• bunglingly; a clumsy performance. v. t. [botched — giving. —
Boun'tifully, adv. Boan'tifulness, n. —
(bocht), botching.] To mend or patch clumsily; Bouquet, boo-ka', n. A nosegay bunch of flowers a ; ;

to express »r perform bunglingly. [OLG. and D. bot- perfume or aromatic odor. [F., fr. OF. bousquet,
sen, to strike, repair.] — Botch'er, n. A clumsy work- bosquet, bush, dim. of bois, wood.]
man . — Botch'ery, n. Bungling work; patch work. Bourgeois, bur-jois', re. (Print.) A kind of type, in
Bot'fly. See Bots. size between long primer and brevier. [Peri"'erh. the
Both, ooth, a. & pron. The one and the other; the -'s name.jf
'

two. — conj., used before the first of two coordinate

words or phrases, followed by and before the other. This line is in bourgeois type.
[AS. ba, Sw. bada, Dan. baade, G. beide.] Bourgeois, boor-zhwaw', n. In France, a man of
Bother, both'er, v. t. [bothered (-erd), -ering.] To middle rank in society; a citizen. —Bourgeoisie,
tease or perplex. n. — One who, or that which, boor-zhwaw-ze', n. The middle classes, esp. —
bothers state of perplexity or annoyance. [Peril. those concerned in trade. [F., fr. OF. burgeis, citi-
;

fr. Ir. buaidhirt, trouble, fr. buair, to vex, grieve.] —

zen, fr. LL. burgus, a fort. See Borough.]
Both'era'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. —
Bourgeon, ber'jun, r. i. To put forth buds; to shoot
Both'erseme, -Sr-sum, a. Causing bother. forth, as a branch. [ F., a bud; MHG. buren, to raise,
Bothy. See Booth. push up.]
Bots, Bot'ts, bots, a. pi. (Entom.) Small worms found Bourn, Bourne, born or boorn, n. bound; limit; A
in the intestines of horses. —
Bot'-fly. The insect goal. [F. borne, corrup. of OF. bonne. See Bound.]
whose eggs produce bots. [Ga. botus, belly-worm.] —
A stream rivulet burn. [AS. burna, burne, D. ; ;

Bottle, bot'l, n. A narrow-mouthed vessel for hold- born, Goth, brunna, spring, well.]
ing liquors; the contents of one. v. t. —
[bottled Bourse, boors, re. merchants' exchange; in France, A
(-tld), -tling.] To inclose in bottles. [F. bouteille, the money market. [F., fr. Gr. burse, skin, purse.]
LL. buticula, dim. of butica, fr. Gr. butts, a flask.] Bout, bowt, n. —
conflict trial as much of an ac- A ; ;

Bot'tle-green, re. A dark green, like that of a green

glass bottle. —
hold'er, n. One who gives a boxer
refreshment between the rounds; a backer.
tion as is performed at one time; a turn. [Dan.
bught, Sw. bugt, turn; s. rt. AS. beogan, to bend.]
—
-head, Bouts-rimes, boo/ re-ma / re. pi. Words that rhyme, ',

A
cetacean allied to the sperm whale; a given to be formed into verse. [F., rhymed ends.]
-nose, n.
kind of dolnhin.
swollen at the end.
—
nosed, -nozd, a. Having a nose Bovine, bo'vln, a. Pert, to cattle of the ox kind. [L.
60s, bovis, ox, cow.] Bo'viform, a. Kesembling, —
Bottom, bofum, n. The lowest part of a thing; foun- etc.
dation; base; low alluvial land along a river; aval- Bow, bow, v. t. [bowed (bowd), bowing.] To bend,
ley. (Naut.) The keel of a vessel; the vessel itself. inflect, make crooked or curved; to turn from a nat-
Power of endurance: stamina; dregs or grounds. —
ural condition; to bend in respect, homage, conde-
v. t. [bottomed (-tumd), -toming.] To found or scension, etc.; to depress, subdue. v. i. To bend, —
build; to furnish with a seat or bottom.— v. i. To in token of reverence, civility, etc. re. An incli- —
be based. [AS. botm, D. bodem, Sw. botten, bottom; nation of the head or body, in token of respect, etc.
Skr. budhna, depth, ground.] —
Bot'tomless, a. [AS. bugan, Sw. buga, Skr. bhuj, to bend.] Bow'- —
Without a bottom: fathomless. Bot'tomry, -rT, n. — er, n.
(Mar. Law.) A
contract by which a ship is bound Bow, bow, re. (JVaut.) The curving forepart of a
as security for repayment of money. ship; stem jprow; the bow-oar. [Dan. boug, bov,
Boudoir, boo, dw6r, n. A
lady's private room. [F., fr. Sw. bog, OHG. puac ] Bow'er, re. (Naut.) An —
bouder, to be sulky; peril, akin to pout.~\ anchor carried at the ship's bow, the second in size.
Bough, bow, re. An arm or large branch of a tree. Bowline, bo'lTn, n. —
rope whieh keeps the A
[AS. bog, boh, bough, orig. arm, shoulder, Dan. bong, weather edge of a sail tight forward when the ship
1c. boar, Sw. feofl, shoulder.]
Bought. See Buy.
is close-hauled. oar, bow'or, re. The oar near-
est the bow of a boat; the one who pulls it. sprit,
— —
Bougie, boo-zhe', n. (Surg.) A long, flexible instru- bo- or bow-, re. A spar projecting from the bow of
ment, introduced into the urethra, esophagus, etc., a ship, sometimes called boltsprit. —
to remove obstructions. [F., wax-candle, bougie, Bow, bo, n. Anything bent; a weapon by which an
fr. Bvgia, a town of North Africa.] arrow is propelled; an instrument having a curved
I

sun. cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boubON, chair, get.
 — — ; ;

BOWEL 58
form, as a fiddle-stick. [AS. boga, D. boon, Dan. ish, a. Like a boy; childish; nuerile. Boy'uhly, —
hue, bow; AS. bugan, to bend.] Eow-com'passes, — adv. — Boy'ishness, n.
-kum'pas-ez,w. pi. Boyar, boy'er, n. A
nobleman of Russia. [Russ.]
Compasses with ^gjfjjs^gfegfi
an arched plate
^ Boycott, boi'kot', v. t. To combine against
lord, tradesman, employer, or other person), to
(a land-

on one leg, upon withhold social or business relations from him, and
which the other Bow-compass, to deter others from holding such relations. n. The —
leg slides; compasses furnished with a bow-pen. process, fact, or pressure of boyeotting. [Fr. Capt.
-drill, n. A
drill revolved by a bow and string. — Boycott, a land agent in Ireland, so treated in 1880.]
•hand, n. {Archery.) The hand holding the bow, Braccate, brak'kat, a. (Ornith.) Having feathers
the left hand. (Mus.) The hand drawing the bow,
right hand. —
knot, -not, n. A
knot tied with a bow
—
which conceal the feet. [L». braccse, t>reeehes.]
Brace, bras, n. A prop or support. {Carp.) A tim-

— —
or loop of string, and readily loosened. legged, ber crossing a corner from one timber to another.
-legd, a. Having legs curved outwards. man, n. {Print.) A
curved line connecting words or lines,
One who uses a bow; an archer. net, n. An ar- ., boll, \ {Naut.) A rope reeved through a block
rangement of wicker baskets for catching lobsters, tnus,
oow i f a t the end of a yard. A pair or couple
%

etc. —pen, n. A a strap, supporting a carriage on wheels; a bit-stock;

kind of ruling- state of being braced or tight, {pi.) Straps to sus-
pen. saw, n. tain pantaloons, etc. suspenders, ; v. t. —
[braced
A narrow-bladed Bow-pen. (brast), bracing.] To furnish with braces, support,
saw prop ; to tighten. {Naut.) To move around by
curves.
arrow.
—
for cutting
shot, n. The distance a bow shoots an
string, n. The string which bends a
means of braces. [OF., orig., the two arms; then, a
measure of five feet, L. brachia, the arms.] Bra'- —
bow. To strangle with a bow-string, —
— —
v. t. a cer, n. That which, etc.; a band, bandage.
Turkish mode of execution. wurMew. See Bay- Bracelet, bras'let, n. A
wrist ornament ; defensive
window, under Bay. wood, n. The wood of the armor for the arm. [F., fr. JL. brachium, arm.]
Osage orange, used by the North American Indians Brachial, brak't-al or bra'kY-al, a. Pert, to, of the
for bows. nature of, or like, an arm. [L. brachium.]
Bowel, bow'el, n. One of the intestines; an entrail; Brachyeataleetic, brak'I-kat'a-lek'tik, n. verse A
the interior part of anything; the seat of pity; com- wanting two syllables at its termination. [Gr. bra-
passion. —
v. t. To take out the bowels of to evis- ; chus, short, and katalegein, to leave off.]
cerate. [OF. boel, fr. L. botellus, sausage, gut.] Bracken, brak'en, n. Fern. [See Krake.]
Bower, boWec, n. One of the two highest cards in Bracket, brak'et, n. {Arch. & Engin.) A support
euchre, —
the highest being the Right bower, the projecting from a wall or other surface, {pi.)
knave of the trump suit; the next the Left bower, (Naut.) Short, crooked timbers, resembling knees.
the other knave of the same color as the trump. (Print.) Hooks [ ] used to inclose a reference, ex-
[G. bauer, peasant, f r. the figure sometimes used for planation, note, etc.; crotchets. v. t. —
To place
the knave on cards.] within, connect, or support by, brackets.
Bower, bowser, n. Orig. a chamber a country-seat; : Brackish, brak'isb., a. Saltish. [D. & LG. brak, brack-
cottage; a covered place in a garden; arbor. [AS. ish.] —Brack'ishness, n.
and Ic. bur, a chamber, Sw. bur, Dan. buur, cage ; Bract, brakt, n. (Bot.) A small leaf or scale, from
—
AS. buan, to dwell.] Bow'ery, a. Covering, as a whose axil a flower proceeds. [L. bractea, a thin
bower; containing bowers. plate.] —
Brac'teal, -te-al, -teate, Bract'ed, a. Hav-
Bowie-knife, bo'I-mf, n. A kind of knife, worn as ing bracts.
a weapon. [Col. Bowie, the inventor.] Brad, brad, n. A
nail with little or no head. TSw.
Bowl, bol, n. A concave vessel to hold liquids; the brodd, Dan. brodde, frost-nail.] Brad'awl, —
hollow part of anything. [AS. bolla, Ic. bolli, MHG. n. An awl to make holes for inserting brads.
bolle, a bowl.] Brag, brag, v.[bragged ( bragd), -ging.] To
i.

Bowl, b5l, n. A ball. — v. t. [bowled (bold), bowl- praise one's self, or one's belongings, ostenta-
ing.] To roll, as a bowl to pelt with anything tiously; to boast, bluster, vaunt. n. boast — A
rolled. — ;

v.i. To play with bowls; to roll the ball or boasting; thing boasted of; a game at cards.
—
on a level plain ; to move rapidly, smoothly, and [W. bragio, to brag, fr. brae, boastful.]
like a ball. [F. boule, a ball for bowling, fr. L. Brag'gado'cio, -do'sht-o, n. A
braggart; boast-
bulla, bubble.] —
To bowl out. In cricket, to knock er; empty boasting. [Name of a character in
down one's wicket by bowling. Bowl'er, n. — A Spenser's " Faerie Queen."] — Brag'gart, n.
player at bowls. —
Bbwl'ing-al'ley, n. covered A A boaster. —
a. Boastful. Brag'ger. —
place, for playing at bowls.
ground, for, etc.
green, w. Smooth — Brahma, bra/ ma, n. (Myth.) The first person
in the trinity of the Hindoos; the creator. —
Bowlder, Boulder, bol 'der, n. A large pebble. (Geol.) Brah'man, -min, n. One of the upper or sa-
A mass of rock that has been transported by nat- cerdotal caste among the Hindoos. Brah- —
ural agencies from its native bed. [Sw. bullersten, man'ic, -ical, Brahminlc, -ical, a. Pert, to the
large pebble, fr. bullra, to thunder, in contrast to Brahmans, their doctrines and worship, or to the
klappersteen, small pebble, which claps or rattles.] religion of Brahma. —
Brah/manism, -minism, n.
Box, Doks, n. A case er receptacle the quantity that ; The religion rr doetrines of, etc.
a box contains; an inclosed space with seats in a Braid, brad, v. t. To weave or entwine together; to
theater, etc.; a money-chest; a small house. (Mach.) plat; to mingle by rubbing in something fluid or
A cylindrical, hollow iron, in which an axle-tree soft. — n. A string, cord, etc., woven from different
runs; a tube in a pump, closed with a valve; the strands. [AS. bregdan, bredan, to brandish, weave.]
bucket of a lifting pump. The driver's seat on a Brail, bral, n. (Falconry.) A
piece of leather to
carriage; a present. (Bot.) A tree or shrub, the bind a hawk's wing. pi. (Naut.) Ropes to haul
dwarf variety of which is used for borders in gar- up,_or truss up, sails, for furling. v. t. —
[brailed
dens.— v. t. [boxed <>okst), boxing.] To inclose (braid), brailing.] To haul up into, or truss up
in a box; to furnish with boxes. [AS. box, L. buocus, with, the brails. [OF. braiel, a cincture.]
box-wood, or a case made of it; Gr. puxos, the box- Brain, bran, n. (Anat.) The whitish, soft mass in
tree, puxis, a case made of box-wood.] In a box. — the upper cavity of the skull, which is considered
—
In difficulty. In the wrong box. At fault. To bax — the center of sensation and perception; the anterior
the compass. To name the points of the compass in or cephalic ganglion in invertebrate animals. The
order. —
Box'berry, n. The winte^reen or check- understanding. —
v. t. To dash out the brains of;
erberry. tree, n. The larger variety of box. — to destroy. [AS. brsegen, D. brein.'] Brainless, a. —
-wood, n. The wood of, etc., — Without understanding. —
very hard and smooth,
and used by engravers, turners, etc.
X'9X, boks, n. A blow with the hand on the ear or
mation of the brain.
brain; skull; cranium.
—
Brain fe'ver. Inflam-
pan, n. Bones inclosing the
sick, a. Disordered in
head. —v. t. & i. To fight with the fist. [Dan. the understanding.
baske, to strike, slap, fr. bask, a slap, thwack Ga. A Brake, brak, n. (Bot.) fern of different genera.
boc, a box, stroke.] —
Box'er, n.
;

A place overgrown with brakes, canes, brambles,

Boxhaul, boks'hawl, v. t. [boxhauled (-hawld), etc. ; a thicket. [AS. bracce, Sw. broken, fern; OLG.
boxhauling.] (Naut.) To wear, as a ship, when brake, bush ; D. braak, Dan. brak, fallow.] —
close-hauled, short round on to the other tack. Brack'en, n. Fern. Bra'ky, a. Full of, etc. —
Boy, boLw. A
male child; a lad. [East Friesic, boi, Brake, brak, n. An instrument to break flax or hemp;
boy, OD. boef, G. bube, L. pupus, boy.] Boy'hood, —
the handle for working a pump or fire-engine a ;

-hd&d, n. State of a boy, or of immature age. Boy'- —

frame for confining horses while being shod; an in-
&m, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Vn, ice ; odd, tone, or
 BRAMBLE 59 BREAK
closure for cattle, horses, etc.; a heavy harrow for impudently bold. — Brass'ineBS. n. — Braze, bra-z.
breaking clods after plowing an nppliance for ; iv t. To solder, or cover or ornament with, etc.;
checking motion of wheels, machinery, etc., by to harden to impudence. — Brazen, brfi'zn. a. Pert.
friction a light wagon used in breaking horses. — to. or made ol, brass; impudent. — v. t. To be im-
v. t. To
;

applv brakes, esp. to —

wheels of a rail- pudent, or defiant. —
Bra'zenly. adv. — Bra'sier,
road train. [OD. brake, a clog, fetter; Platt-Deutsch Bra'zier, -zher, n. An artificer in brass; a pan to>
brake, an instrument lor breaking flax, F. braquer, hold coals. —
Brazen age. (Jli/'.L.) The age suc-
to break hemp; s. rt. break.] — Brake'man, n. One ceeding the siVcer aye, when men had degenerated
—
who manages brakes, esp. on railroad trains. from purity. —
B. faced, -last. Bold, hardened,
Bramble, bram'bl, ». A shrub of the genus Kubtis, shameless. —
H. sea. (Jewish Antiq.) A large ves-
including the raspberry and blackberry; any rough, sel of brass, in Solomon's temple. — Eras a band. A
prickly shrub. {AS. breineL, breiitbel. D. brdam, Sw. company of performers on brass musical instru-
brotnbar, blackberry.]
like, or lull of, etc.
—
Bram'bly, -bit, u. Pert, to, ments. —
leaf, «. Brass in thin khects.
Brat, brat, n. A contemptuous name for a child. (VV.,
Bramin. See Brahman, under Brahma. a rag, pinafore; Ga. and Ir.. cloak, apron, rag-1
Bran, bran, n. The coat of the seed of wheat, rye, Braunite, brown'lt. n. (Mhi.) A native oxide of
etc-, separated from the flour by bolting refuse ; manganese. [Fr. A. E. Broun, of Gotha.}
sifted out of flour or meal. [W., bran, huak Ir., ; Brave, brav, a. Of noble courage; bold, with gener-
chaff; P., dung, dirt.] —
Bran new, corrupt, of branch osity and dignity ; excellent beautiful. n.
; — A
—
fteto. Bran'ny.-nT, a. Of or resembling bran. brave person esp., on Indian warrior; n hector ; a
— ;

Branch, branch, «. A limb; a bough growing from a bully. m. f. [braved (bravd). euAVtxo.J To en-
stem, or from another bough; a part extended from counter with fortitude; to defy, challenge, dare.
the main body of athiry*. as a stream running into |F. brare, Sp., Pg., and It. bravo j — BravwOy, adv.
a larger one; a ramification a section or subdivis-
; — Brav'ery, -2r-T, n. Quality of being, etc.: fear-
ion ; department; a line of family descent, in dis- lessness; showy appearance; ostentation. Bra'vo, —
tinction fr. other lines fr. the same stock. (Law.) , n.; pi. Bka'voes, -voz. A darinif villain bandKt ;

A warrant or commission given to a nilot.— v. t. assassin or murderer. —

Bravo, bra'vo, iiitcrj. Well
[branched (brancht). branching.] To spread in done, excellent ! —
Brava'do, n. Ostentation of
branches, ramify; to divide into subdivisions. —v. bravery; boast or brag; threatening behavior; a
/. To divide as into branches. [F. brtmche, a branch, boasting fellow. [Sp. bravado.}
W. braich, L.brachium, an arm, brunch.] To branch — Brawl, brawl, v. i. To quarrel noisily and mdeceutly;
out. To speak diffusively, or with many words. — to scold, wrangle, squabble; to roar, as water. —
—
Moot and branch. Entirely. Branchless, a. With- n. A noisy quarrel ; loud contention; scurrility;
out branches. — Brancb/y. a. Full of,, etc. — uproar. [W., a boast, bragat, to vociferate; Ir. brag'
Branch'iness, n.— Brancb/let, n. Little branch; twig. aim, D. b rallen, to brag.) —
Brawl' «, n.
Branchial, bran'kt-al, a. Pert, to, or performed by Brawn, brawn, n. The n<esh of a boar; fall, strong
means of , gills, as of fishes. [Or. brangchlon, gill.] muscles; strci>o~.- the arm. (OF. to slice of
— Bran'ebiopods. -o-podz, n. pi- (Zobl.) An order flesh, muscle.] —
Brawn^y, -1, a. Strong ; big.
of Crustacea, generally minute, .whose feet were Brawn'inesa, n.
supposed to act as gills. [Gr. pints, podos, foot.] Braxy, brak'sT, n. Gall-sconr. a disease of sheep
Brand, brand, n. A Durning or partly burnt stick; a mutton of sheep so affected. —
a. Diseased wtth, etc
sword, 60 called from its flittering brightness; an Bray. bra. v. t. [brayed (brad), braving.) To pound,
iron U6ed for naming a mark; a distinctive mark beat, or grind small. [OF. breier, P. bromr, fr.
made by burning with hot iron quality, kind; MUG. brechen, AS. brecan, to break.l Bray'er, n. —
a mark of infamy; stigma, v. t. —
To impress a
;

A printer's instrument for mixing ink.

ma«£ with hot iron; to stigmatize as infamous. Bray. bra, v. i. To utter a harsh cry. as an ass; to
[AS. and D., a burning Sw. and Dan., a fire brand;
;
—
make a harsh, gratinjr noise. c. t. To utter with a
AS- and OD„ a -sword; fr. AS. brinnan, to burn.] harsh sound. —
n. The sound of an ass; any harsh,
— Brand 'tag-Iron, Brond'iron, -i'ern, n. An iron grating sound. (OF. braire, LL. bragire, to bray; a,
used to brand with. —
Brand'-new, a. Quite new. rt. break, bark,' etc.] —
Bray'er, n. One who braya
as if fresh from the fire, —
written also Oran- and like nn ass.
—
-

brent new. -gooae.n. See Brant.
Brandish, brandish, t>. t. (brandished (-dish), -DrsH-
l.v
o.J To wave, as a weapon; to shake of flourish.
— rt. A flourish, as with a weapon, whip, etc. (F.
brandir, fr. OF. brand, sword.] —
Bran'disner. n.
Brandling, brand'ling, n. A small, red worm, used as
bait for fish. [S. rt. brand. See Brant.)
Brandy, bran'dY, n. An ardent spirit distilled from
wine or other liquors. ID. branctewifn, fr. branden,
to burn, to distill, and wijn, wine.] Bran'lied,
-did, a. Flavored or treated with brandy.
Erangte, hran/gl,n. A wrangle; a squabble. t-. i. To
wrangle, dispute; to squabble. [F.branler, to shake.
It. branfa, a brawl; perh. akin to wranrjle.]
BrarJt, brank, n. Buckwheat. [L. brance, a kind of
Gallic bread-corn.]— A bridle for 'scolds. [Scofc, to
bridle, .restrain; Ga. branp, Ir, brancas, a halter.]
Branlin, branlin, n. A fish of the salmon kind.hav-
ing marks like brands.
Braze, Brazen, Brazier. See under Brass.
Brazil-wood, brn-zil'w<Jod. n. A very heavy wood, of
Brazil and other tropical countries, used tor dyeing
red. (P*r. braza, live coal, glowing fire, fr. the red
color of the wood: the country was named fr. the
wood.] —
Brazilet'to. n. An inferior red dyeing
wood. —
Braz'ilin. -iline. -in. n. (Chem.) A sub-
stance contained in Brazil-wood and Sapan-wood,
colored intensely red by fixed alkalies.
— Breach, brech. w. Act of breaking, or state of being
broken: the opening broken; rent; gap; a breaking,
— as of a law. ooligation. etc.; a breaking up of ami-
cable relations; quarrel. —
v. t. (Mil.) To make a
breach in the walls of t by artillery. (AS. orece.
fragment, hrice, a breaking, f r. brecan, to break.] —
Breach'y, -Y, a. Apt to break fences, said of cattle. —
Bread, bred, n. Flour or meal baited loaves, cakes,m
etc. provisions in general. [AS. bread, D. brood,
;

Sw., Dan., and G. brod ; perh. s. rt. brew or bray.) —

Brant, brant, n. A
species of wild goose, called also Bread'-corn, -korn, n. Grain of which bread is made.

— —
brand-goose ana brent-goose. Brant'-fox. n. A — -fruit, -froot, n. The fruit of a tree of the isles of
kind of Swedish fox. Bran'tail, n. The red
start, a bird similar to the nightingale. (S. rt. brand,
indicating redness, the color of burning wood.]
Brash, brash, a. Hasty in temper. (G. barsch, harsh,
impetuous; perh. akm to brnsgtie.)— Brittle, as wood.
— n. Refuse boughs of trees; truck; trash. {Geol.)
Broken fragments of rocks underlying alluvial de-
posits. Broken fragments of ice. (Med.) A rash
or eruption. [Armor, break, brusk, fragile, brittle.]
— Water-brain. A
burning sensation in, the stom-
ach, with eructation of an ucid liquid. \V<-vv>ng-
brash. Diarrhea affecting children just weaned.
Brass, bras, n. A
yellow alloy of copper and zinc;
impudence; a brazen face. pi. Utensils, ornaments,
etc, mode of brass; esp. plates attached to monu-
ments, bearing raised or engraved figures. (AS.
ones, G a. pram. Ir pros, W.nrev brass; Ic. brcva,
to harden by fire, Sw. brasa. fire.] Brass'y, a. Of, —
the Pacific, which resembles bread, when haked,and
is eaten as food. —
staff. n. Bread-corn; meal; flour.
Breadth, bredth. n. Distance from side to side; width.
(Paint.) Quality of having colors and shadows
broad and massive, and an arrangement of objects-
suggesting largeness and simple grandeur. [AS.
brw.du, fr. brad. See Broad]
Break, brak, r. t. [hup. bkokk (hrfik) or ohs. brake
tbrSk): p. p. nuoKK or broken; breaking.) To
strain apart; to lay open by breaking; to disclose or
— divulge; to infringe or violate: to interrupt, termi-
nate; to destroy the completeness of ; to dash, shat»
ter, or crush; to bruise; ^to weaken or subdue; to im-
part cautiously; to tame; to make bankrupt; to de-
stroy the official character of; .to cashier. v. i. To —
come to pieces, burst asunder; to open from within;
to come to view; to dawn to burst forth violently;
to
;

become weakened to lose health or strength ; to

;

or pert, to, etc.; hard as, etc.; of the color of, etc.; fail in business; to change the gait; to exceed the

sun, cObe, full , moon, fd"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get-
 ; — ;

BREAKFAST 60 BREVET
natural power, as the voice; to fall out; to termi-
nate friendship. —
n. An opening made by fracture;
— wheel, n. A
water-wheel, which receives the
an interruption; a pause; in writing or printing, a
dash, or a blank or unfinished line; the dawn; an
—
stream at about half its height. See Water-wheel.
work, -werk, n. (Fort.) A delensive earth-work
breast-high. (Naut.) A
railing on the quarter-deck
interruption of continuity: a large, four-wheeled and forecastle.
carriage. [AS. brecan, D. breken, Ic. and Sw. braka, Breath, breth, w. Air respired act or power of breath- ;

to creak, crack: Dan. hrsekke, G. brechen, L. fran- ing naturally; time to breathe; respite; a sin-
life;
gere, Gr. rhegnunai, to break.]— To break away. To gle respiration, or the time of making it; a single
disengage one's self abruptly; also, to become dis- act: an instant; a very slight breeze. [AS. brsedh.']
sipated, as the clouds. —
To b. down. To crush, — Breath/less, a. Out of breath dead, expired. ;
—
overwhelm to come down by breaking to fail
;
Breath lessness, n.— Breathe, breth, v. i. [breathed
to yield to physical weakness or to grief. To b.
;

— ;

(brerhd), breathing.] To respire; to live; to take

forth. To issue suddenly, as sound, light, etc. breath, rest; to pass, as air to exhale, emanate.—
to give vent to, —
with in or unto. To b. in. To — ;

v. t. To respire; to infuse by breathing; to emit by

;

force in; to train discipline.

;
—
To b. in, or in upon. the breath, utter softly, exhale to cause to sound by
To enter violently or unexpectedly. To b. loose. — breathing; to promote free respiration in; to exer-
;

To extricate one's self forcibly. To b. of. To cause — cise; to suffer to take breath; to put out of breath;
to reform, or abandon. —
To b. off. To separate by to give air or vent to; to open. Breath'er, n. — —
breaking, interrupt, put an end to; to desist.— To
b. open. To open by breaking. — Breath/able, a. That may be, etc. Breathing, n. —
To b. out To take Respiration; air in gentle motion; aspiration; secret
or force out by breaking; to burst forth; to appear prayer; exercise; utterance; breathing-place; vent.
suddenly; —
also, to show itself in cutaneous erup- (Gram.) Aspiration; the sound expressed by the
tions, —said of diseases; to become covered with letter h. ( Gr. Gram.) A
mark over the initial vow-
cutaneous eruptions, —
said of a patient. To. b. — el of a word to indicate aspiration. —Bough breath-
over. To transgress; disregard.— To b. up. To sep- ing (spiritus asper), a mark ['], signifying that the
arate into parts; put an end to; to become separated; letter under it is pronounced as if preceded by h.
to be dissolved; to disperse. —To b. with. To fallout; — Smooth breathing (spiritus lenis), ['], indicating
to part friendship.— 7b b. the back, neck, etc. To dis- the absence of the sound of h.
locate the same. —
To b. bulk. To begin to unload Breccia, bret'cha, n. (Geol.) Rock composed of an-
to transfer in detail. —
To b. cover. To burst forth
;

gular fragments, united by cement; conglomerate.

from concealment. —
To b. fast. To partake of food [It., pebble, fragment.]— Brecciated, brek'shl-a'ted,
after abstinence, esp. in the morning To b. ground. — a. Consisting of, etc.
To open the earth, as for planting or for a founda- Breech, brech, n. The lower part of the body behind;
tion; to begin to execute any plan. (Naut.) To release hinder part of anything, esp. the part of a fire-arm
the anchor from the bottom. To b. the heart. To— behind the bottom of the bore. v. t. [breeched —
overwhelm with grief. —
Tob.a house. (Law.) To (brecht), breeching.] To put into breeches; to fur-
violently remove any part of the house or its fasten- nish with a breech to fasten with breeching. —
ings, with felonious intent. —
To b. the ice. To over- Breeches, brieh^ez, n. pi.
;

garment for men, cov- A

come obstacles and make a beginning. To b. jail. — ering the hips and thighs; used in the sense of pan-
To escape from jail. —
Z'o c. a jest. To utter a jest. taloons. [AS. brec, breeches, pi. of broc, breech, Ga.
— To b. joints. To lay bricks, shingles, etc., so that brog, shoe, briogais, breeches, L. braccse, breeches,
one joint shall not coincide with another. Tob.a — said to be the only Latin word of Celtic origin.]— To
path, road, etc To open a way through obstacles. wear the breeches. To usurp the authority of the
— To upon a wheel. To stretch upon a wheel or
b. husband, —said of a wife. Breeching, bricnlng, n. —
frame, and break the limbs of, with an iron bar. — The part of a harness round a horse's breech. (Naut.)
Break'able, a. Capable of being broken. Break- — A rope to check the recoil of a cannon. Breech'- —
age, -ej, n. A
breaking allowance for things brok- loading, brechlod-ing, a. (Mil.) Receiving the
en in transportation. —
;

Break'down, n. Act of
breaking down, as of a carriage; a riotous dance,
charge at the breech instead of the muzzle.
er, n. A gun which,
load'-
etc.
—
terminating a ball. — Break'er, n. One who, or that Breed, bred, v. t. [bred; breeding.] To procreate;
which, breaks. (Naut.) A small water-cask for beget; hatch; to bring up nurse and foster to in-
boats. — pi. Waves breaking into foam against the struct form by education to occasion to give
; ;

shore. — Break'bone fe'ver. (Med.) An acute fe- birth to.

;

v. i. —To bear and nourish young; to be

; ;

brile disease, epidemic in hot climates, marked by generated, or to grow to raise a breed. n.; — A
pains in the joints, and sometimes by an eruption progeny from the same parents or stock; a race al-
dandy fever: dengue. —
Break'-neck, n. A steep lied by nativity or some distinctive qualities in com-
place, endangering the neck. — mon; progeny; offspring, applied to other things —
§er, etc. rapid.
; —
water, n.
reak the force of waves.
a. Producing dan-
Any contrivance, to
—
Brok^en, broken, p. a.
than animals. [AS. broct, a brood, bredan, to nour-
ish, cherish, D. broedan, to brood, G. briiten, to
Parted by violence; made weak; infirm; subdued; hatch.] —
To breed in and in. To breed from closely
contrite. (Mil.) Degraded in rank cashiered.— ; related animals of the same stock. Breed'er, n. —
Brok'enly. adv, —
Brok'en-heart'ed, a. Crushed by — Breeding, n. Formation of manners; education;
grief or despair.
disordered breath.
—
wind'ed, a. Having short or nurture; training; deportment; behavior.
Breese, Briz, Breeze, brez, Breeze'-fly, n. buzzing A
Breakfast, brek'fast, n. The first meal in the day. — fly of various species, which torments animals; also,
v.i. To break one's fast in the morning, v. t. To — the bot-fly. [AS. brimsa, G. bremse, gad-fly, Sw.
furnish with the morning meal. broms, D. brems. horse-fly, fr. D. brommen, to hum,
Bream, brem, n. A name for three kinds of fish, found buzz Skr. bhramara, a bee, fr. bhram, to whirl.J
;

respectively in Europe, N. America, and the sea. [F. Breeze, brez, n. A light wind; gentle gale; an excited
breme, OF. bresme, OHG. brahsema.] v. t. (Naut.) — state of feeling; quarrel. v. i. To blow
To burn filth, as grass, seaweed, etc., off from. [F. brize, Sp. brisa, Pg. briza, northeast wind It.
—
;

[Perh. fr. G. brennen, to burn.] brezza, a cold wind.] Breez'y, -t, a. Fanned with
Breast, brest, n. The part of the body between neck gentle winds brisk. ;

and belly; protuberant glands, in females, in which Breeze, brez, Briss, bris, Brist, n. Cinders; dust, rub-
milk is secreted the seat of consciousness, affec- bish. [F. bris, de'bris, fr. briser, to break; or OF.
tions, and passions
;

the heart.; v. t. To bear — brese, braise, cinders.]

the breast against to oppose. [AS. breost, OHG. Brent. See Brant.
prust, fr. prestan, to burst.]
;

To make a clean — Brethren, breth'' ren, n., pi. of Brother, used in sol-
breast. To make full confession. Breasting, n. — emn and Scriptural language for brothers.
(Engin.) The curved channel in which a breast- Brett, bret, n. A
four-wheel carriage, with calash top;
wheel turns. —
Breast'-bone, n. The bone of the
breast; sternum. —
hook, n. (Naut.) knee-shaped A
a britzka.
Breve, brev, n. (Mus.) note,
(L
A
equivalent to I
^ I

aw A
gether. —
timber in the stem of a ship, to keep the bows to-
knot, -not, n.
on the breast. pin, n.
A
knot of ribbons worn
A
pin for fastening or
two semibreves, or four minims.
brief. (Print.)
indicate that its
curved mark
quantity
A
is short. [It.,
.)
over a vowel, to
fr. L. brevis.
M
I <

ornament; a brooch. —
plate, n. Defensive armor
worn upon the breast; a strap across a horse's breast.
short; same as brief.]
time or extent; conciseness. [See Brief.]
—
Brevity, n. Shortness of

(Jewish Antiq.) A
part of the high priest's vest- Brevet, bre-vef, n. A
warrant, granting a favor, title,
ment. — plow, -plough, n.
breast, to cut turf. -rail, n. —
plow, driven by theA
The upper rail of a
dignity, etc. ( Mil.)
large, but not with a particular comrnand.
A
commission in the army at
v. t. —
balcony or of the breai'work on a quarter-deck. To confer rank upon by brevet. a. Taking rank —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Odd, tone, or
 BREVIARY 61 BRING
by brevet, —
designating rank conferred for merit or back. — Bridoon,
hrl-doon', n. (Mil.) The snaffle
special cause, and not in regular course of promo- and rein of a military bridle, which acts independ-
tion. [F., fr. L. brevis, short.] ently of the bit. [F. bridon, fr. bride, bridle.]
Breviary, bre'vY-a-rT, n. An abridgment epitome; ; Brief, bref a. Short in duration or expression; using
,

summary book containing the service of the Rom.

; few words concise; succinct.— n. An epitome; a
;

Cath. or Greek church. [L. breviurium, fr. brevis.] statement in few words. (Law.) An abridgment
Brevier, bre-ver r n. (Print.) kind of type, in size A of a client's case; writ summoning one to answer to
,

between bourgeois and minion. [Prob. used in an action, —

v. t. (Law.) To make a brief of. [F.
printing breviaries.] brief, bref, fr. L. brevis. See Breve.] Apostolical —
brief. A letter of the pope on public affairs. Brief- —
^j^ This line is printed in brevier type. less, a. Having no brief without clients. ; Brief-
—
—
Breviped, brev'T-ped, (Ornith.) Having short legs.
a. ly, adv. Concisely; in few words. Briefness, n.
[L. brevis and pes, pedis, foot.] Brev'ipen'nate, a. — Brier, Briar, briber, n. A
prickly plant. (Bot.) The
Short-winged, —
applied to a division of birds, in- sweet-brier and wild-brier, species of the rose. [AS.
cluding the ostrich, swan, etc. [L. penna, wing.] brer. Norm, briere, fr. Armor, brug, heath.] — Brib-
Brevity. See under Breve. ery, -er-i, a. Full of briers; rough; thorny.
Brew, broo, v. t. [brewed (brood), brewing.] To Brig, brig, n. A
vessel with two masts, square-rigged.
boil or seethe to prepare, as a liquor, from malt and [Abbrev. of brigan- a
;

hops, etc., by steeping, boiling, and fermentation; tine.] — Hermaphrodite

to contrive; plot. v. i. —
To perform the business of brig. A two-masted
brewing; to be in a state of preparation; to be form- vessel, square-rigged
ing or gathering. [AS. breowan, D. brouwen, G. forward and schooner-
brauen.] —
Brew 'age, n. Malt liquor; drink brewed. rigged af t. —
Brig'an-
— Brew'er, n. — Brew'ery, -er-1, Brew'-house, n. A tine, -tin or -tin, n. A
house where brewing done. — Brewing, n. Act
is small brig. [F. brig-
or process of, etc. quantity brewed at once.
;
antin, orig. a pirate
Briarean,bri-a /'rt-an, a. Pert, to, or resembling, Bri- vessel. See Brigand.]
areus, a giant with a hundred hands. Brigade, hri-gad', n.
Bribe, brib, re. Something given to pervert the judgment (Mil.) A division of
or corrupt the conduct that which seduces; allure-
; troops, larger than a
ment, —v. t. [bribed (bribd), bribing.] To influ- regiment, commanded
ence or corrupt by gifts; to gain by, etc. v. i. To — by a general officer. — Brig.
give, etc. [OF., a present, gift, esp. of broken meats v.t. To form into a brigade. [F.; Sp. brigada. It.
given to beggars. J —
Brfbable, a. Brfber, n. — — brigata, fr. brigare, to fight.] —
Brigadier, brig-a-
Bribery, n. Act or practice of giving or taking, etc. der', Brig / adier-gem / eral, n. The officer command-
Bric-a-brac, brik'a-brak, n. A collection of antiqua- ing a brigade, in rank next below a major-general.
rian or artistic curiosities. [F.] — Brigade major. An officer who assists the brig-
Brick, brik, n. Clay and sand, tempered with water, adier in his duties.
molded into form, dried, and usually burnt; bricks Brigand, brig'and, n. A lawless fellow who lives by
collectively; a good fellow. —
v. t. [bricked (brikt), plunder a robber, freebooter. [F., a foot-soldier,
;

bricking.] To lay with bricks. [F. briqiie, a brick, It.brigante, fr. brigare, ir.briga, strife.] Brigand- —
a fragment, D. brick, bit, piece, brick, tile, fr. breken, age, n. Theft; robbery; plunder.
— A
piece of a brick. [See Bright, brit, a. Shedding light; shining; brilliant: of
to break.)
Bat.]
etc. —
— Brick'bat, n.
kiln, -kil, n.
-lay'er, n.
A
kiln for baking or burning,
One who builds with bricks. — a quick intellect; sparkling with wit; manifest to
the mind, as light to the eyes; clear; transparent.
lay'ing, n. Art of, etc. -work, n. —
structure of A [AS. beorht, Goth, bairhts, shining, Skr. bhraj, to
bricks. shine.] — Brightly, adv. — Brightness, n. — Bright-
Bride, brld, n. A
woman recently married, or en- en, brifn, v. t. [-ened C-nd), -ening.] To make
gaged to be married. [AS. bryd, D. bruid, Sw. and bright or brighter to make illustrious, or more dis-
Dan. brud, G. braut.] —
Bri'dal, a. Pert, to a bride,
;

tinguished, shed light upon, make cheerful, make

or to a wedding ; nuptial. n. —
Nuptial festival acute or witty. —
v. i. To grow bright or brighter.
marriage. [Orig. bride-ale, then bridall, fr. bride Bright's Disease, britz' diz-ez'. (Med.) A
granular
and ale, a feast.]
at a wedding.
tialapartment.
———
Bride'-cake, n. Cake for guests
chamber, -cham'bgr, n. The nup-
groom, n. A man newly married,
disease of the cortical part of the kidneys. [First
described by Dr. Bright, of London.]
Brill, bril, n. A
fish of the turbot kind. [Corn, brilli,
or about to be married. [Prop, bridegoom, AS. bryd-
guma, D. bruidegom, fr. Goth, guma, man.]
-man, n. Attendants
maid,
on the bride and groom at a
— mackerel, fr. brith, streaked, speckled.]
Brilliant, brifyant, a. Sparkling with luster; glit-
tering; splendid; shining. —
n. A
diamond so cut as
wedding. [These words are also spelled bridescake, to reflect and refract the light. (Print.) The small-
bridesmaid, bridesman.] est type used in English printing.
Bridewell, brid'wel, n. A house
of correction, so — (•y This line is printed in the type called Brilliant.
called fr. a hospital near St. Bride's or Bridget's well, [F. brillant, fr. briller, to glitter, sparkle, fr. L. beryl-
London, subsequently turned into a work-house. lus, a precious stone, beryl.] —
Brilliance, -iancy,
Bridge, brij, n. A
structure forming a roadway over -yan-sT , n. Brightness; splendor. Brill lantly, adv. —
a watercourse, ravine, etc. a support similar to a
; Brim, brim, n. Rim, or border, of anything: edge,
bridge, as for strings of a violin, the bony part of margin. —
v. i. To be full to the brim. [AS. and
tne nose, etc. (Elec.) A
device to measure the re- Ic, surf, G. brame, outskirts, border; MHG. brem,
sistance of a conductor forming part of an electric border, brim.] —
Brim 'ful, -ful, Brinfming, a. Full
circuit. (Card Playing.) game resembling A to the top; completely full. —
Brirn'mer, n. A bowl
common whist, in which the trump, if any, is made full to the top.
by the dealer or his partner, and the hand of the Brimstone, brim'ston, n. A hard, brittle, inflamma-
latter is played as a dummy:
—
called also bridge — ble substance; sulphur. [E., fr. AS. byrnan, to burn,
whist v. t. [bridged (brijd), bridging.] To and E. stone.]
build a bridge over. [AS. brycg, bricg, Ic. bru, Brinded, brin'ded, a. Having different colors; varie-
Dan. and OSw. bro, bridge Ic. bran, eye-brow gated; streaked. [Same a.s branded. See Brand.]
—
; ;

perh. akin to brow.]— Bridge'-board, n. (Arch.) A Brin'dle, -dl, n. State of being brinded; spotted-
board supporting the ends of steps of wooden stairs. ness. —
Brufdled, -did, a. Spotted; brinded.
head, n. (Fort.) A
work defending the en- Brine, brin, n. "Water impregnated with salt; the
trance to a bridge. —
Bridg'ing-joist, n. (Arch.) A ocean or sea; tears; pickle. [AS. bryne, salt water,
binding-joist, or joist sustained by transverse beams fr. brinnan, to burn.] —
Brfnish, a. Like brine;
below a joist fixed to the flooring boards.
; saltish. —
Brfnishness, n. —
Brfny. a. Pert, to
Bridle, brfdl, n. An instrument to restrain a horse; brine, or to the sea; salt. —
Brine r -pan, n. A pit of
a restraint; curb; check; part of a gun-lock. (Naut.) salt water, for evaporation.
A cable, to enable a ship, when moored, to veer with Bring, bring, v. t. [brought (brawt), bringing.] To
wind and tide.— v. t. [bridled (bri'dld), bridling.] convey to a person or thing; fetch; to make to come;
To put a bridle upon to restrain, or control. v. i.
;
— procure; induce; influence; to convey, carry. [AS.
To hold up the head, and draw the chin, as an m bringan ; Skr. bhri, to bear.] —
To bring about. To
expression of pride, scorn, or resentment. [AS. effect; accomplish.— To b. hack. To recall. To —
bndel, D. breidel, MHG. britel; perh. fr. MHG. briten, b. down. To humble or abase. To b. dov:n the —
AS. hredan, to braid, weave.] Brf dler, n. Brf- — — house. To elicit applause. —
To b. forth. To pro-
dle-path, -way, n. A
way for travelers on horse- duce; make manifest. —
To 6. in. To introduce;
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —J

BRINK 62 BROOD
produce, ae income; induce to join. To b. off. To — nant, n. (Aaut.) A
sauare flag at a commodore's
bear away, procure to be acquitted. To 6. on. To — mast-head. —
B. seal. The public seal of a state.
cause to Begin, or to exist. —
To b. out. To expose, Brobdingnaggian, brob'ding-nag'gl-an, a. Colossal;
detect. —
To 6. over. To bear across; also, to con- monstrous, —
like the giant-land of Brobdingnug, in
vert; to cause to change sides or opinion. To b. to. — " Gulliver's Travels."
To resuscitate. —
To b. under. To subdue, repress. Brocade, bro-kad', n. Silk stuff, variegated witli gold
— To b. up. To nurse, educate; also, to come to the and silver, or with patterns of flowers, etc.; other
end of one's course. — To b. to. (Naut.) To check stuffs similarly wrought. [Sp. brocado, fr. brocar,
the course ef as a ship, by arranging the sails in a
certain manner.
,

—
To b. by the lee. To incline rap-
to embroider.] —
Bro'cateK, -tello, -ka-tel'lo, n.
Coarse brocade for tapestry, carriage linings, etc.;
idly to leeward of the course. Bring'er, n. — marble, clouded and veined with various colors.
Brink, brink, n. Edge, margin, or border of a steep
place; verge. [D. and Sw.J
[Sp. brocatel, F. brocatelle, It. brocatello.] Bro- —
cad'ed, a. Worked as, or dressed in, brocade.
Briquet, brt'ket', n. A
block of compacted coal dust, Bro'cage. See under Broker.
or peat, etc., for fuel; a block of artificial stone, Brocard, brok'ard, n. An elementary principle or
cement, etc., in the form of a brick. [F. briquette, maxim a canon. [Brocardica, a collection of ec-
;

little brick.] clesiastical canons by Burkhard, Bishop of Worms.]

Brisk, brisk, a. Full of liveliness and activity, of Broccoli, brok'ko-lT, n. A
variety of cabbage, re-
spirit or life; effervescing, as liquors; alert; nimble; sembling cauliflower. [It., pi. of broccolo, a sprout,
quick; gay. —
v. i. To appear with animation,— dim. of brocc.o. a skewer, stalk; s. rt. brooch.]
with up. [W. brpsg, quick, nimble, brys, haste; perh. Brochure, hro-shoor', n. A printed and stitched work
s. rt. fresh, frisk.] —
Briskly, adv. Brisk'ness, n. — of few leaves; a pamphlet. [F., fr. brocher, to stitch.
Brisket, bris'ket, n. The breast of an animal, esp. that Brock, brok, n. A badger. [AS., Ir., Ga., Manx,
part next the ribs. See Beef. [OF. brischet.) and Dan. broc, W., Corn., and Armor, broch, a bad-
Bristle, bris'l, n. A
short, stiff coarse hair. (Bot.) A fer; fr. Ga. and Ir. breac, speckled, W. brech,
species of pubescence on plants. v. t.
,

[bristled — rindled, freckled.]

(brisld), bristling (brisling).] To erect the bris- Brogan, bro'gan or bro-gan', Brogue, brog, n. A stout,
tles of, n* a bristle to. v. i. —
To rise or stand erect, coarse shoe. [Ga. and Ir. brog, a shoe.] Brogue, —
like bristles. [AS. byrst, Ic. burst, S w. borst, D. borstel, n. A coarse
manner of pronunciation.
a bristle ; Skr. hnsh for bhrish, to bristle.] To bris- — Broider. See Embroider.
tle up. To show anger or defiance.— Bristly, bris'll, Broil, broil, n. A noisy quarrel; fray; tumult; dis-
a. Thick set with bristles rough. Bris'tliness, n.
; — cord. [F. brouiller, to jumble, make a tumult; perh.
—
Broil'er, n. A promoter of broils.
a smooth surface.
cleaning steel. — —
Bristol-board, bris'tol-bord, ?i. Fine pasteboard, with
brick, n. sort of brick for
-stone, n. (dfin.) Rock crystal, or
A
s. rt. brawl.]
Broil, broil, v. t. [broiled (broild), broiling.] To
cook over coals or on a gridiron. v. i. To be —
crystals of quartz, found near Bristol, England. greatly heated. [OF. bruiffer, bruir, to broil, grill;
Britannia, hrt-tan'nY-a, n. A
compound of block- s. rt. brew.] —
BroU'er, n. A gridiron.
tin alloyed with antimony, bismuth, and copper. Broke, Broken-hearted, etc. See under Break.
British, brifish, a. Pert, to Great Britain or its in- Broker, bro'ker, n. One who does business for anoth-
habitants, or to its original inhabitants. —Brit 'on, er an agent to effect contracts for a compensation.
n. A
native of, etc. —
Brit'icism, -sizm, n. A habit
;

[ME. a middle-man, fr. broken, AS. brucan, G.

or idiom peculiar to, etc. brauchen. to have the use of, to manage.] Broke, —
Brittle, brit'tl, a. Easily broken; apt to break; frag- brok, v. i. To act as agent, esp. in love affairs. —
ile. [E., fr. AS. hreotan, Sw. bryta, to break.] — Bro'cage, Bro'kage, -kej, Bro'kerage, n. The fee
Brit'tleness, ». for acting as broker; a commission on sales. [ME.
Britzska, bris'ka. n. A
long carriage, with calash top. brocage. J —
Bro'kerage, n. The occupation of, etc.
[Russ. britshka, Broma, bro'ma, n. A
preparation of cacao seeds, or
Pol- bryczka, dim. drink made from it. [Gr., food, fr. bibroskein, to eat.]
of bryka, freight- Bromine, bro'min, n. (Chem.) One of the elements,
wagon.] _ related In chemical qualities to chlorine and iodine
Broach, broch.. n. A [Gr. bromos, a stink.] —
Bro'mal, n. An oily, color-
steei tool for less fluid produced by bromine acting on alcohol. -~
smoothing or en- Bro'mate, n. Bromic acid compounded with a base.
larging hole* in ji —Bro'mic, a. Compounded of bromine and oxygen.
metal; a brooch. * —Bro'mide, -mid, n. A compound of bromine with
[See Brooch.] — Britzska. a metallic or combustible base. Bro'mite, -mit, n. —
v. t. [broached (brocht), broaching.] To pierce, An ore of silver; bromic silver. Bro'mism, -mizm, —
as with a spit; to tap; to pierce, as a cask, in order n. A
cachectic condition caused by using bromine.
to draw liquor; to let out; to open for the first time, Bronchi, bron'ki, -chia, -kT-a, -chiae ; -kl-e, n. pi.
as stores; to make public, give out. [F. broche, spit, (Anat.) The ramifications of the windpipe in the
f r. LL. brocca, pointed stick, L. broccus, tooth, point.
—
lungs. [Gr. brongchia, brongchos, windpipe.] Bron'- —
Same as brooch. ] Broach'er, n. spit; broach; A chial, -kT-al, -chic, -kik, a. (Anat.) Pert, to, etc.
one who broaches. Bronchitis, -ki'tis, n. Inflammation of the bron-
Broad} brawd, a. Wide; extended in breadth, or chial membrane. —
Bron'chocele, -ko-sel, n. Morbid
from side to side; diffused; having a large measure enlargement of the thyroid gland; goiter. Bron'- —
of any thing or quality; ample; comprehensive; cho-pneumo'nia, -ko-nu-mo'n'i-a, n. Inflammation
gross; obscene. [AS. brad, Ic. breidhr, Sw. and of the bronchi and lungs. —
Bronchotomy, -kofo-mT,
—
Dan. bred.] As broad as long. The same one way n. An incision into the windpipe; tracheotomy;
as another. —
Broadcast, n. (Auric.) sowing of A laryngotomy. [Gr. tome, a cutting.]
seed by casting it at large from the hand. —adv. Bronco." bron/ko, n. A wild or half-tamed animal;
Diffusedly; at large, —a. Dispersed, as seed thrown esp. a cross between ahorse and a mustang; a native
by the hand; widely spread. —Broaden, brawd'n, California horse. _[Sp., rough, wild.]
v. i. To grow broad. — r. t. To make broad, ren- Bronze, brQnz or bronz, n. An alloy of copper with
der more comprehensive. —
Broad'ish, a. Rather tin, sometimes with other metals, esp. zinc; a statue,
broad. —
Broadly, adv. — Broad'ness, n. Broad'- — medal, etc., cast in bronze; a brown color; the_ color
ax, -axe, n. A broad-edged ax for hewing timber. —
v.t. [bronzed (bronzd or bronzd),
—
3
brim, n. A kind of hat worn by the Friends or
makers; a Quaker. cloth, n. fine woolen A
of bronze,
bronzing.] To give the appearance of bronze to
make brown; to make hard or unfeeling; to brazen.
;

oth for garments, exceeding 29 inches in width. — — a. Made of, or resembling, etc. [F., fr. It. bronzo,
-piece, «. A gold coin broader than a guinea.— bronze, perh. fr. It. brurto. brown, brunire, to bur-
-side, n. Simultaneous discharge of all guns on one nish.] —
Bronze age. The prehistoric age succeed-
side of a ship. (Naut.) A ship's side above water, ing the stone age, when men used implements of
from bow to quarter. (Print.) A sheet of paper copper or brass.
containing one large page, or printed on one side An ornament, with a pin to attach
only. —
sword, -sord, n. One with broad blade and
cutting edge; a claymore. —
B. Church. (Eccl.) A
Brooch, broch, n.
it to a garment.
color. — v. i.
(Paint.)
To adorn with
A painting all of one
jewelry. [Same as
body of men holding liberal or comprehensive views broach, q. v.]
of Christian doctrine and fellowship, applied esp. — Brood, brood, v. i. To sit on and
cover eggs or young;
to a portion of the church of Eng. B. gauge, gaj. — to sit quietly; to remain long in anxious thought; to
A distance between the rails of a railroad greater muse. — v. t. To sit over, cover, and cherish. n. —
than the standard gauge of 4 ft. 8i in. B. pen'- — Offspring; progeny. [AS. brid, a young one, esp.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 5r i
 BROOK 63 BUCK
young bird, D. broed, G. brut, a brood. See Breed.] brushto; to pass lightly over; to remove or gather
— Brood'mare, n. A
mare kept for breeding. by brushing. v.i. —
To move nimbly in haste; to
Brook, bro"6k, n. A
email stream of water. [AS. broc, skim over with slight contact. [OF. broce, brosse,
brooc,brook,D. broek, OHG. prusch, G. bruch, marsh; brushwood,F. brosse, bush, brush. LL. brustia, brush,
8. rt. break.) — Brooklet, n. A
small brook. bruscia, thicket, MHG. broz, bud. See Browse.]
Brook, brdok, v. t. To bear, endure; to be contented — To brush up. To clean with a brush. Brusb/er. —
with. [AS. brucan, D. gebruifcen, Ic. bruka, OHG. n. One who, or that which, etc. Brush 'y, -I, a.
—
—
pruhhan, _to use, L./rwi. Skr. bhuj, to enjoy.] Resembling, etc.; rough. Brush'inesB.n. —Brush/-
Broom, broom, n. A
genus of leguminous plants; a wheel, n. A wheel
besom, or brush, to sweep floors, etc., orig. made — without teeth, re-
of the broom plant. [AS. brom, broom, D.brem, s. volving another by
rt. bramble.] —Broom'y, a. Full of, consisting of, friction; a revolving
etc. — Broom'-corn, n. A speeies of sorghum or brush for polishing.
Guinea-corn, bearing a head of which brooms are — A
made. — stick, n. The handle of a broom.
Broth, broth, n. Liquor in which flesh or anything
-wood, n. thick-
et or coppice; small
branches cut from
else is boiled. [AS. brodh, fr. breowan, to brew.] trees.
Brothel, brorb/el, n. A
house of ill-fame. [OF. bor- Brusk,Brusque,br66sk,
Brush- wheel.
del, dim. of borde, a hut, 6hed made of boards, D. a. Blunt ; rough ;

bord, board.] rude. [F. brusque, rude, It. brusco, sharp, tart, sour,
r
Brother, brufch 5r, n. ; pi. Broth'ers or Brethren, said of fruit, wine, etc.] Brusquely, adv. — —
brethren (used in the solemn style). He who is Brusqueliess, BruB'querie, -ker-e, n. [F. brusquerie.]
born of the same parents with another, or of one of Brute, broot, a. Not having sensation or reason;
them only; one closely united to another by eome senseless; irrational ; unintelligent animal bes- ; ;

common tie; one who resembles another. [AS. brod- tial; rough. n. — A
beast; a low-bred, unfeeling
hor, D. broeder, Sw. and D. broder, OHG. pruoder, L. person. [L- brutus, stupid.] Bru'tal, a. Pert, to, —
/rater, Gr. phrater, Skr. bhratri, fr. bhri, to bear.] — or like, etc. cruel; inhuman. Bru'tally, adv. — —
Broth 'erly, a. Pert, to; kind; affectionate. — Broth'- Brutality, n.
;

—
Bru'talize [-talized (-Izd), -iz-
erliness, n.— Brotherhood, -hottd, n. State of being, ing], Bru'tify [-tified (-tr-fid), -fyino], v.t. To
etc.; an association; a fraternity; a class of individ- make a brute of, make brutal. Bru'tish, a. Hav- —
uals of the same occupation. — Broth'er-in-law, n. ing characteristics of, etc. ignorant stupid; gross ; ;

—
;

Brother of a_husband or wife; sister's husband. carnal bestial.

; —
Bru'tishly, adv. Bru'tishness,
Brougham, broo'am or broom, n. A light close car- n. —
Bru'tism, -tizm, «. The nature, qualities, or
riage. [After Lord Brougham.] actions, of a brute.
Brow, brow, n. The ridge over the eye, with the hair Bryony, bri'o-nY, n. (Bot.) A genus of climbing
upon it; the forehead; the edge of a steep place. plants. [Gr. bruone, fr. bruein, to swell, grow luxu-
[AS. braew, also bru, pi. brua, Ic. brun, Ga. bra, riantly.] — Bry'onine, -nin, n. ( Chem.) An emetic
Pers. abru, Skr. bhru, eye-brow, fr. bhur, to move and cathartic alkaloid obtained from its root.
quickly.] —
To knit the brows. To frown, scowl. — Bub, Bubby, bub'bY, n. brother. A
[Corrupt, of
Brow'beat, -bet, v. t. [imp. browbeat; p. p. -beat- brother.]
en; -beating.] To bear down with stern looks or Bubble, bubl. n. A bladder of water or other fluid
arrogant assertions. inflated anything empty
with air ;a delusive ;

Brown, brown, n. A
dark color inclining to red or scheme, — v.i.
[bubbled (bubld), bubbling.] To
yellow. —
a. Of a brown color, —v. t. [browned rise in bubbles, run with a gurgling noise, — v. t.
(brownd), browning.] To give a brown color to. [AS. To cheat, deceive. [Sw. bubbla, Dan. boble, 9. bob-
and Sw. brun, D. bruin, Ic. brunn, G. braun; s. rt. bel,& bubble.] — Bub'bler, n. One who cheats; a
burn.] — Brownish, a. Somewhat brown. — Brown'- which makes a grunting noise. — Bub'biy, -blY,
fish
mess, n. — Brownie, n. A Scottish household
-t, a. Abounding in bubbles; bubbling.
spirit. — Brown'ing, n. Process of coloring brown Bubby, bub'bTf, n. A woman's breast. [Prov. G. bubi.]
a preparation of burnt sugar for coloring gravy, etc. Bubo, bu'bo, n. ; pi. Bu'boes, -boz. (Anat.) The
— Brown 'bread, n. Coarse wheaten bread made of groin. (Med.) Inflammation, with enlargement, of
unbolted meal a dark-colored bread made of wheat
; a lymphatic gland, esp. Jn the groin. £Gr. boubon,
— A
bran-bread.] —
or rye, mixed with Indian meal. [Perh. corrupt, fr.
coal,n. "Wood-coal; lignite.
n. Mental abstraction reverie.
; B. stout.
study,
—su-
—A groin.] Bubonocele, -sel, n.
inguinal rupture. [Gr. kele, tumor.]
tumor in the groin;
Buccal, buk'kal, a. Pert, to the cheek. [L. bucca,
perior kind of porter. cheek.]
Browse, browz, v. t. [browsed (browzd), brows- Buccaneer, Bucanier, buk-a-ner r n. A pirate free- , ;

ing.] To eat or nibble off, as the ends of branches booter. [F. boucanier, fr. boucaner, to smoke (meat,
of trees, etc. —
v. i. To feed on shoots of shrubs or fish, etc.), f r. Caribbean boucan, place for drying in
trees. —Browse, brows, n. Tender branches or twigs smoke, —
first applied to Fr. adventurers in Hayti,
of trees, etc. [F. brouster, to browse, fr. OF. broust, who established hunters' camps.] Buccaneering, —
sprig, tendril, bud, MHG. broz, Armor, brous, bud.] n. Piracy. —
Buccaneerlsh, a. Pert, to, etc.
— Browser, browz'Sr, n. An animal that browses. Buccinal. buk-silial, a. Trumpet-shaped. [L. buc-
Bruin, brooln, n. A
bear. [D., brown, fr. his color.] cina, a crooked trumpet.] —
Buccinalor, n. (Anat.)
Bruise, brooz, v. t. [bruised (broozd), bruising.] To The muscle forming much of the cheek, used in
injure or crush; to contuse; to reduce to fragments; blowing a wind instrument. [See Buccal.]
to fight with the fists to box.; n. —
contusion. A Bucentaur, bu-senlawr, n. (Myth.) fabulous A
[AS. brysan, to bruise, Ga. and Ir. bris, OF. bruiser, monster, half ox and half man. [Gr. bous, ox, and
bruser, briser, MHG. bresten, to break; s. rt. burst.] — kentauros, centaur.] —
The state barge of Venice,
Brofcrer, n. One who, or that which, bruises; a boxer. used in the ceremony of espousing the Adriatic. [It.
Bruit, broot, n. Report; rumor fame. (Med.) A bucentoro.]
;

sound heard on percussion or auscultation. v. t. To — Buchu, bu'ku, n. (Bot.) A plant used for diseases of
report; to noise abroad. [F., a noise, clamor, bruire. the bladder.
to make anoise, roar, W. broch, din.] Buck, buk, Lye
for soaking cloth, in bleaching;
n.
Brumal, broo'mal, a. Pert, to winter. [L. bruma, for also liquor in which clothes are washed; cloth or
brevissima, the shortest day in winter, fr. brei-is, clothes washed, —
v. t. To steep in lye; to wash in
short.] — Bru'mous, -mus, a. Foggy. — Bru'maire, lye or suds. (Mining.) To break up or pulverize, as
-mar, n. In the calendar of the first French Repub- ore6. [Ga. buac, dung used in bleaching, Ir. buac,
lic, the second month, fr. Oct. 25 to Nov. 21. [F., fog- lye, buacar, cow-dung ;

month, fr. brume, fog.] fr.Ga. bo, W. buw, buwch,

Brunette, broo-nef, n. A
woman of dark complex- cow, L. bos; Kw. bpka,
ion. [F., brownish, dim. of brun, brown.] Dan. byge, OD. buiken,
Brunt, brunt, n. The heat, or utmost violence, of an OF. buer, G. beuchen, to
onset; force of a blow; shock; sudden effort, con- buck - wash.] — Buck-
tact, or engagement. [Ic. bruna, to advance with basket, -bas'ket, n. A
the speed of fire, fr. brenna, to burs; s. rt. burn.] basket for carrying
Brush, brush, n. An instrument of bristles, etc., for clothes to the wash.
removing dust, laying on colors, etc. branches of ; , buk, n. The male
trees lopped off brushwood; a thicket; a skirmish; of the fallow deer, goat,
;

a slight encounter; anything resembling a brush. — sheep, rabbit, and Bare,

v. t. [brushed (brusht), brushing.] To apply a — also applied to male Buek.

son, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNbcw, chair, get.
 BUCKBOARD 64 BULK
Indians and negroes; a gay, dashing, young fel- bufalo, F. buffle, L. bujalus,
low. —
v. i. To jump viciously, with the head bubalus, Gr. boubalos, fr. L. bos,
down, as if butting, —said of mules, etc. v. t. — Gr. bous, ox.] —
Buffalo-chips,
To confine, by passing a stick under the bent knees, n. pi. The dung
and over the wrists, the hands being tied together used as fuel.
of the
— bison,
clover, -grass,
western
before the shins. [AS. bucca, Ir. boc, D. bok, Ic. bukkr,
he-goat; Sw. and G. bock, Dan. buk, Ga. boc, buck,
he-goat Skr. bukka, goat.J
—
; —
Buckish, a. Foppish.
Buck 'shot, n. Coarse shot used for large game.
-skin, n. Leather of deer, goats, etc. pi. Breeches
—
n.
prairies.
the bison,
hair on.
—
Plants of the
robe, n. The
prepared with the

buffer, n. (Mech.) An Buffalo,

skin of
JEB
made of it. —
stall, -stawl, n. A net to catch deer.
Backboard, buk'bord, -wag'on, n. A rude vehicle,
Buffer,
apparatus to deaden concussion by moving bodies.
[ME. buffen, Prov. E. buff, OF. bufer, buffer, to
having a board resting on two axletrees. strike.] —
A foolish fellow good-natured old fellow. ;

Bucket, buk'et, n. A vessel to hold liquids, etc. [ME. buffen, to stammer.]

(Mach.) One of the cavities on the rim of a water- Buffet, boof-a' or buf 'fet, n. A sideboard or closet,
wheel the float of a paddle-wheel. See Water-
; for plate, china, etc. [F., cupboard.]
wheel. [Ir. buicead, Ga. bucaid, bucket, fr. Ir. and Buffet, buffet, n. A blow with the hand cuff vio- ;

Ga. boc, to swell.] —

Buck'etful, n. Contents of, etc. lent resistance, as of winds and waves. v. t. To —
;

Buckeye, buk'!, n. A tree indigenous in the Western box, beat, slap; to contend against, v. t. To play —
States; a nickname for a resident of Ohio. at boxing to make one's way by buffeting. [OF.
Buckle, buk'1, n. A frame with tongue or catch to
;

bufet, a blow, esp. on the cheek. See Buffer.] —

fasten things together; a curl, or state of being curled Buf'feter, n. One who buffets a boxer.
or crisped, as hair.— v. t. [buckled (buk'ld), buck- Buffo, buf 'fq, n. The comic actor in an opera. [It.]
;

—
ling.] To fasten with a buckle to prepare for ac- Buffoon, -toon', n. One who amuses by tricks, iokes,
tion set stoutly at work.
; v. i. —
To bend, bow to
;

; and pleasantries ; a mimic mountebank clown. ; ;

struggle, contend. [OF. bode (F. boucle), boss of a [F. bonffon. It. buffone, fr. buffa, a trick, jest.]— Buf-
shield, ring, fr. LL. bucula, boss of a shield, or buc- ioon'ory, -er-T, n. The arts of, etc.; low jests; pranks.
cula, shield, buckle, dim. of bucca, cheek.] To — — Buffoon'ish, a. Like a buffoon.
buckle to. To bend to; apply with vigor to. Buck'- — Bug, bug, n. An insect of many species esp. a ;

ler, n. A
kind of shield. (Naut.) A cover fitted to hemipterous insect which infests beds, etc. Bug, —
the hawse-holes, to exclude water. [OF. bocler.] Bug'bear, -bar, Bug'aboo, -a-boo, n. Something
Buck-mast, buk'mast, n. Mast or fruit of the beech- frightful ; a specter hobgoblin. [W. bwg, Ga. ana
;

tree. [Scot, buck, beech.] Ir. bocan, Corn, bucca, a specter.] Bug'gy, -gY, a. —
Buckra. buk'ra, n. The negroes' name for a white Abounding with bugs. Bug'giness, n. —
man. —adj. White. [Calabar, a demon, hence, Bugger, bug'ger, n. One guilty of buggery a vile ;

powerful, superior.] creature. —

Bug'gery, -1, n. A crime against na-
Buckram, buk'ram, n. A
coarse linen cloth, stiffened ture sodomy. [F. bougrerie, heresy, fr. Bulgaria.]
;

with glue. a. —Made of buckram stiff, precise. ; Buggy, bug'gi, n. A light four-wheel vehicle, with
[F. bongran, OF. boucaran, LL. boquerannus, buck- or without a calash top.
ram, fr. boquena, goat's skin, MHG. boc, goat.] Bugle, Bugle-horn, bu'gl-hdrn, n. A wind instrument
Buckthorn, buk'thdrn, n. (Bot.) A genus of plants. for hunting or for military music.
Buckwheat, buk'hwet, n. A
plant, whose seed is [OF. bugle, wild ox, L buguhis. dim.
used as grain. [Scot, buck, AS. boc, beech, and E. of bos, ox F. beugler, to bellow.]
;
—
wheat, the seeds resembling beech-mast; D. boekweit, Bu'gler, n. One who plays on, etc.
G. buchweitzen.] Bugle, bu'gl, n. An elongated glass
Bucolic, bu-kol'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a shepherd; pas- bead. [G. biigel, a rounded piece of
toral ; rustic. —
Bucolic, n. A
pastoral poem. [Gr. wood or metal, dim. of MHGf. bouch,
boukolos, cowherd.] Ic. baugr, AS. be.ag, armlet, o r n a- Bugle-horn,
Bucrania, bu'kra'nl-a, {Arch.) Sculptured
n. pi. ment.] —
Bu'gled, -gld, a. Ornamented with, etc.
ox-skulls adorned with wreaths, etc. [L.] Eugloss, bu'glos, n. A
plant used in dyeing ox.
Bud, bud, n. An undeveloped branch or flower a ; tongue. [Gr. bous, ox, and glossa, tongue, fr. its — ;

prominence on certain animals, which grows into an long rough leaves.]

animal, as a bud in a plant grows into a flower. — Buhl, bul, n. A figure of brass, unburnished gold, etc.,
v. i. To put forth buds; to begin to grow, or issue set into surfaces of ebony, tortoise-shell, etc. [Fr.
from a stock tike a bud, as a horn; to be in bloom, or Boule, a skillful French wood-earver.]
growing. v. t.— To insert, as the bud of one plant, Buhr -stone, ber'ston, n. (Min.) A flinty quartz, used
under bark of another, to raise a fruit different from for mill-stones. [See Buk.]
the stock. [D. bot, a bud, batten, to bud. OF. boton, Build, h\\A,v.t. [BUiLT(bilt)or(antiquated) builded;
button, bud, boter, to push.] —
Budlet, n. A little bud. building.] To frame, construct, and raise, as an
Buddhism, bud'izm, n. The doctrine taught by the edifice; to fabricate; to raise on any foundation ; t«
Hindu sage', Buddha, in the 6th century b. c, and increase and strengthen. v. i. —
To practice build-
adopted as a religion in Central and Eastern Asia. ing to construct, rest, or depend. n. Form, or —
—
;

etc. [Skr. buddha, wise.] Buddhist, bud'ist, n. A mode of construction. [OSw. bvlja, to build; OSw.,
votary of Buddhism. —
Bud'dhist, -ist'ic, a. Ic, Dan. bo ., AS. bold, house.]
1
Build'er, n. — —
Buddie, bud'dl, n. {Mining.) wooden frame for A Building, n. Act or business of, etc. thing built.
washing ore. —
v. t. To wash ore with, etc. Bul, bul, n. The 8th mouth of the Jewish ecclesias-
;

Budelight, bud'lit, n. An intense white light, produced tical year, —

parts of October and November.
by purified coal-gas, burned in a peculiar Argand Bulb, bulb, n. (Bot.) A
bud growing from a plant,
lamp. [Fr. Bade, residence of the inventor.] (usually below ground), and producing a stem
Budge, bui.t>.f.&i. [budged (bujd), budging.] To above and roots below. (Anat.) part shaped A
move off, stir, wag. [F. bouger, to stir, It. bulicare, like bulbous roots. A protuberance on a stem, as
to bubble up, fr. L. bullire, to boil.] the bulb of a thermometer. — v. i. To form bulbs.
Budge, buj, n. Lamb-skin
fur, used formerly as an [F. & G. bulhe, L. bulbus, Gr. bolhos, bulbous root,
edging, esp. of scholastic habits. —a. Lined with onion.] —
Bulbif'erous, -er-us, a. (Bot.) Producing
budge; hence, scholastic; austere or stiff. [F. bouge, bulbs. [L. ferre, to bear.] Bulb'ous, a. Having,—
a wallet, pouch of skin, G. balg, skin, L. butga, leath- containing, growing from, or shaped like, etc.
ern bag.] —
Bndg'et, n. A
bag or sack, with its con- Bulge, bulj, n. The protuberant part of a cask, etc.
tents ; a stock or store ; a governmental financial (Naut.) The bilge of a vessel. v. i. [bulged —
statement. [F. bongette, dim. of bouge.'] (buljd), bulging.] To swell out; to be protuberant;
Buff, buf, n. A
sort of leather, from the skin of the to bilge, as a ship. [OSw. btdgja, to swell out, bulgin,
buffalo, also of other animals, dressed in oil a mili- ; swollen; s. rt. ball, boil, bowl, bilge billoiv, belli/, bulk.]
:
tary coat, made of buff-skin ; the color of, etc. the ; Bulk, bulk, n. Magnitude of material substance; size;
bare skin. (Med.) A
grayish, viscid crust observed mass the majority the principal portion. (Naut.)
;

—
;

on blood. (Mech.) A wheel covered with buff The whole cargo of a ship when stowed. v. i. To
leather, for polishing. a. —
Made of buff leather ; appear of great size or importance. [Dan., a lump,
of the color of, etc., —between light pink and light Ic. bulki, OSw. bolk, a heap, fr. Sw. bulna, to swell;
yellow. [Contr. of buffalo.] —
Buflry, -t, a. Resem- also Sw. 6w£, Dan. bug, G. bauch, Ga. bulg, belly. See
bling, etc. like the blood called buf'f L Bulge.] —
In bulk. In a mass. Laden, or stowed —
;

Buffalo, buf r a-lo, n. ; pi. Buf'faloes, -loz. A kind of in b. Having the cargo loose in the hold. Sale by b. —
wild ox of the eastern continent a buffalo-rebe ; A sale of goods as they are, without weight or meas-
applied improperly to the bison. See Bison. [Sp.
;

ure. —
To break b. (Naut.) To begin to unload.—

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tgrm ; in, ice ; odd, tone, dr j
 BULKHEAD 65 BURBOT
Bulkier, n. (Naut.) One who ascertains the capaci- Bumpkin, bum'kin, An awkward, heavy rustic; a
n.
ty of goods, to fix the freight or shore-dues upon clown, or country lout. [Prob. same as bumJcin; perh.
them —
Bulk'y, -T a. Large.
. Eulk'iness, n.
, — fr. bump.]
Bulkhead. bulk-Hied, n. (Naut.) A partition in a ship, Bun, Bunn, bun, n. A small sweet-cake. [OF. bugne,
etc., made with boards, etc. [Ic. balkr, Sw. balk, F. beignet, a fritter, fr. bigne, a swelling fr. a blow;
beam, partition.] s. rt. bunch and bunyon.]
Bull, bul, n. The male of any bovine quadruped, also Bunch, bunch, n. A protuberance; hunch; knob or
of any large quadruped, as the elephant. (Astron.) lump; a collection, cluster, or tuft. —v. i. To swell
Taurus, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. ( Stock out. —
v. t. To form or fasten into a bunch. [Ic.
Exchange.) One who buys stock on time, agreeing bunki, OSw. and Dan. bunke, a heap, OSw. bunga, to
to take a certain amount at a future day at a stated strike; W. pivng, a cluster, pwg, a swelling, pwmpio,
price, beyond which he seeks to raise the market to thump. See Bump.]— Buncb/y, -t, a. Swelling
value. See Bear. —
v. t. To endeavor to raise the out, growing in, or like, etc. Bunch'iness, n. —
price of. [OD. bolle, D. bul, Ic. boli, a bull; AS. bellan, Buncombe, Bunkum, bun'kuin, n. A
body of constit-
to bellow/) —
Bul'lock, n. A young bull; an ox, or uents; speech-making for the gratification of con-
castrated bull. [Dim. of bull; AS. bulluca.] Bull' — stituents. [Fr. Buncombe county, N. C, which sent
fine, -bafing, n. The practice of baitingor exci to the 16th Congress a representative addicted to

— —
bait-
ting: bulls with dogs. calf, -kaf, n. A male calf a ; such oratory.]
stupid fellow. dog, n. A variety of dog, of re Bundle, bun'dl, n. A
number of things bound to-
markable ferocity and courage, named prob. fr. — gether, esp. into a package for handling or convey-
— — v.
being used to bait bulls or fr. the size of the head.
-fight, -fit, n. A combat with a bull.
thick-necked singinu-bird allied to
finch, n. A —
the grossbeak. —
ance; a parcel;
bundling.]
i. To
To
roll.
t. [bundled (bun'dldj.
bind in a bundle or roll.
tie or
[AS. byndel, dim. of bund,
set off in a hurry.
t —
-frog, n. A large species of frog, which makes a loud, thing bound up, fr. bvndan, to bind, D. bondel, G.
croaking noise. head, n. A fish of the genus biindel, dim. of bund.] — To bundle off. To send off
cottus ; also the cat-fish, or horned-pout; a stupid fel- in a hurry or pet. —
Bun'dle-pillar, n. A column
low; lubber. —
headed, -necked, -nekt, a. Unyield-
—
rush, n. A large, strong rush, grow-
or pier, with smaller ones attached.
Bung, bung, n. The stopper of the orifice in the bilge
ing; dogged.
ing in swamps or water. —
trout, n. A large species
of trout, ascending rivers periodically to 6pawh.
of a cask; the hole itsell.
fice, etc.; to close.
v. t. —
To stop, as the ori-
[W. hwng, orifice, bung, OD.
Bull, bul, n. The seal appended to the edicts and bonne, D. bom, bung.] —
Bung'hole, n. The hole in
the pope an edict, or rescript of the pope.
briefs' of the bilge of a cask.
;

[L. bulla, a stud, knob, later a leaden seal.] A — Bungalow, bun'ga-lo, n. In India, a one-storv house.
blunder; use of language self-contradictory or ex- [Pers. bangalah, Bengalese (house), bangla, thatched
pressing ideas entirely different from those in- house, fr. Banga, Bengal.]
tended. [In allusion to papal edicts.] Bungle, bun'gl, v. i. [bungled (bun'gld), bung-
Bulldoze, buKdoz, v. t. To intimidate by violence. ling.] To act or work awkwardly. v. t. To make —
[Amer. political slang.'] [Perh. bull's dose co wind- = or mend clumsily; to botch. [Prob. fr. E. bangle, fr.
ing.] bang with freq. suffix to strike often, i. e. clum-
-le,
Bullet, bullet, n. A
small ball; esp. one of lead for sily; Sw. dial, bangla, to work ineffectually, fr.
small-arms. [F. boulet, dim. of boule, ball, fr. L. banka, to strike.] —Bungler, n. A clumsy work-
bulla, stud, bubble.] man. —Bung 'ling, a. Unskillful; awkward: un-
Bulletin, bul'le-tin, n. A
statement respecting some skillfully done. — Bung'lingly, adv.
event, issued by authority for public information; Bunk, bunk, n. A wooden case, for a seat by day and
public notice, esp., of news recently received. [F., a bed at night; one of a series of berths in vertical
fr. It. bulletino, dim. of bulla, a pope's bull.] BuK- — tiers. v. i.—To go to bed in a bunk. [Sw. bunke,
letin-board, n. A
board on which to post, etc. tub, coop; s. rt. bunch.] — Bunk'er, n. A tub, box,
Bullion, bul'yun, n. Uncoined gold or silver in the etc., to hold coal, etc.
mass; precious metal, coined or uncoined, when Bunyon, Bunion, bun'yun, n. (Med.) Enlargement
reckoned by weight and in mass. [OF. bullione, a and inflammation of the membranous sac at the ball
mint, hence, metal taken there, fr. LL. bullare, to of the great toe. [It. bugnone, a bunch, boil, OF.
btamp, mark with a seal, fr. bulla, a seal.] bugne, F. bigne, a swelling, Ic. bunki. bunch. See Bun.]
Bulls-eye, bulz'I, n. (Naut.) A wooden block with- Bunt, bunt, n. (Naut.) The middle part or belly of a
out sheaves, having a groove around it, and a hole sail. —
v. i. To swell out, as a sail; to push with the
through it. A
thick piece of glass in a deck, roof, horns; to butt. [Perh. corrupt, fr. Sw. huk, Dan.
etc., to let in light; any circular opening for air or bug, belly, fr. same root as bow.] Bunt'Iine, n. — A
light; a policeman's lantern; the center of a target; rope to haul up the body of a sail when tuking it in.
a knob left on a sheet of plate-glass by the blow- Bunting, bunfmg, n. A
bird allied to finches and
pipe; a thick, old-fashioned watch. sparrows. [Pern. fr. Scot, buntin, short and thick,
Bully, bul'I, n. A
blustering fellow. —a. Jovial; plump; perh. fr. W. bontinog, having a large bontin,
merry.'— v. t. [bullied (buKlid), bullying.] To rump.]
insult with blustering menaces; to treat with inso- Bunting, bunfing, -ine, -in, n. Thin woolen stuff, of
lence. v. i.— To be noisy and quarrelsome; to which flags are made. [Perh. bolting cloth, fr. Prov.
swagger, crow, domineer. [D. bulderaar, a blus- E. bunt, to sift (flour).]
terer, bulderen, to bluster, rage, roar, fr. but, a bull.] Buoy, boot, n. A float; esp. a floating mark to indicate
.

Bulwark, buKwerk, «. {Fort.) An outwork for de- objects beneath the water. — X
fense; a bastion. A means of defense; screen; shel- v. t. [buoyed (boofd), buoy-
ter, pi. (Naut.) A ship's sides above the deck. ing.] To keep afloat; to keep
v. t. To fortify with a rampart; to protect. [Dan. from sinking into ruin or de-
bulvierk, fr. bul, log, and vserk, work.] spondency; to fix buoys to; to
Bumble-bee, bum'bl-be, n. A large bee; humble-bee. mark by buoys. — v. i. To
[OD. hommelen, to buzz, hum; s. rt. boom.] float; to' rise by specific light-
Bumboat, bum'botj n. (Naut.) A clumsy boat for ness. [D. boei, a Duoy, a fet-
conveying provisions, fruit, etc., for sale, to vessels ter, LL. boia, a fetter, clog, the Buoy,
off shore. [D. bumboot, a fisherman's or pilot's boat, buoy being fastened to its place.] — Buoy'age, n.
which contains a bun, receptacle for fish, etc.] Buoys collective^; the providing of buoys. Buoy'- —
Bumkin, bumpkin, n. (Naut.) A piece of timber to ant, a. Having the quality of rising or floating;
which stays, sails, etc., are fastened. [OD. boomken, bearing up, as a fluid; cheerful; vivacious. —Buoy-
dim. of boom, tree, boom.] ancy, -an-sT, n. Quality of floating; specific light-
Bummer, bum'mer, n. A vagrant; forager; soldier ness; cheerfulness. (Physics.) Weignt just sufficient
seeking food and plunder dissipated fellow.
; to submerge a floating body. — Buoy'antly. adv.
Bump, bump, n. A thump; heavy blow; swelling or Bur, Burr, ber, n. A prickly envelope of the seeds of
protuberance. — v. t. [bumped (burnt), bumping.} plants; the rough edge left by a tool in cutting
To strike, as against anything solid. [W. pwnip, metal; a guttural mispronunciation of the letter r. —
a lump, pwmpio, to thump, Dang, Corn, bum, Ir. v. t. To pronounce with a burr; to talk or whisper
and Ga. beum, a blow, also Ga. beum, to strike.] hoarsely. [E. Sw. borre. a sea-hedgehog, kardborre
;

bump, v. i. To make a loud, heavy, or hollow and Dan. borre, burdock, It. borra, cow-hair, LL.
r ,

noise, as the bittern. [Vf.bwmp, a hollow sound, L. reburrus, Gr. berrhon, rough.] Eurr'y, -T, a. —
bombus, Gr. bombos, a humming; s. rt. boom.] Abounding in, or resembling, burs. Bur 'dock, n. —
unper, bum'per, n. A
cup filled to the brim. [Cor- Agenus of prickly-fruited plants.
rup. of E. bombard, cannon, large drinking vessel.] Burbot, ber'bot, n. A
fish shaped like an eel, having

sun, cQbe, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —

BURDEN 66 BUSH
beards on the nose and chin. [F. barbote, fr. barbe and rough. [Ga. borrail, swaggering, Ga. & Ir. borr.
L. barba, a beard. See Barbel, under Barb.] a bunch, greatness; s. rt. bur.]
Burden, ber'dn. Bur'then, -then, n. That which is Burn, bern, v. t. [burned (bernd) or burnt; n.
Bur'liness, —
borne or carried; what is grievous, wearisome, or burn-
ing.] To consume with fire to injure by heat; to
oppressive; the contents or capacity of a ship. v. t.— change by exposure to heat; to produce an effect akin
;

[burdened (-dend), -dening.] To lay a heavy to that of heat. (Surg.) To cauterize. (Chem.) To
load upon; to oppress. [AS. byrdhen, le. byrdhr,
Sw. borda, G. burde, Gr. phortos, a burden, Skr.
combine with oxygen, v. i. To be on fire; to be —
injured by excess of heat; to have the appearance
bhri, to carry; s. rt. bear.} —
Beast of burden. An of fire to be hot or in a passion to act with de-
animal for carrying burdens. Burden ofproof [L.— ;

structive violence; to be akin to fire in the effect pro-

;

onus probandi.] (Law.) The responsibility of fur-

nishing the evidence necessary to decide an issue
duced. n. —
A hurt or injury caused by fire; the op-
eration of burning or baking. [AS. bsernan, byrnan,
raised in court. —
BuT'denous, -us, -some, -sum, a. Ic.brenna, Sw. branna, G. brennen, to burn.]— To
Grievous to be borne. —
Bur'densomely, adv. —
bum one's fingers. To get into unexpected trouble.
Bur'dsnsomeness, n. —
To burn out. To burn till the fuel is gone and the
Burden, ber'dn. n. The verse repeated in a song; fire ceases.— Burning-glass, w. A convex lens which
chorus; refrain: that which is often repeated; the produces intense heathy converging the sun's rays
main topic. [F. bourdon, drone of a bagpipe, hum- to a focus. —
Burnfof'fering, n. Something offered
ming of Dees, JLL. burdo, a drone bee, akin to buzz.]
Burdock. See under Bur.
to a deity and burnt on an altar. Bumper, n. One —
who burns or sets on fire; an appendage to a lamp
Bureau, bu'ro, n. ; pi. Bu'reaux or -reaus, -roz. or gas-fixture, to promote combustion.
Orig., a desk with drawers for papers; the place Burn, n. A brook. See Bourn.
where a bureau is used, or business transacted a Burnettize, ber'net-iz, v. t. To preserve, as timber,
;

department for transaction of public business; the by a solution of chloride of zinc.

body of subordinate officers under the direction of Burnish, ber'nish, v. t. [burnished (-nisht), -nish-
a department chief; a chest of drawers for clothes, ing.] To polish by rubbing with something hard
etc. [F„ a desk, writing table, which was covered and smooth to render bright. ;v. i. To grow or —
with (OF.) buret, baize.]— Bureaucracy, bu-ro'kra- become smooth or glossy, —n. The effect of bur-
sT, n. A system of conducting government business nishing; gloss; luster. [OF. burnir, brunir, to em-
by departments, each under a chief. [F. bureau-
— brown, polish, fr. brun. See Brown.] Bur'nish- —
eratie, Gr. kratein, to govern.] Bu'reaucrat, n. er, n. One who^ or a tool which, etc.
—
One who governs through a bureau. Bureaucrat- Burnoose, ber'noos, n. loose hooded cloak for A
ic, a. — Bureaucrat'icaUy, adv. women, imitated from a garment of the Arabs. [F.
Burg, berg, n. Orig., a fortified town; a borough. [See bournous, fr. Ar. burnus.]
—
Borough.] Burg'age, -ei, ». (Eng. Law.) A ten- Burr. See Bur.
ure by which lands are held at a rent, or by services Burrow, bgr'ro, n. A hole in the ground made by
pert, to trade, etc. — Burgess, ber'jes, n. A freeman rabbits, etc., for shelter. (Mining.) A heap or heaps
of a borough; a representative or magistrate of, etc. of rubbish, v. t. —
[burrowed O-rod), -rowing.]
^F. bourgeois. See Bourgeois.] —
Burg'grave, Bur r - To excavate or lodge in a hole in the earth; to hide.
grave, n. In Ger., orig., one in command of a burg; [A form of Borough, q. v.]
but the title and domain became hereditary. [G. Burse, bers, n. Orig., a purse; a fund to maintain
burggraf; graf, count.] —
Burgh, berg, n. Same as poor scholars; a student so maintained; a public
burg and borough, —
Burgh'' al, a. Pert, to, etc. meeting place for merchants; an exchange. [Also
BurgVer, ft. An inhabitant of, etc. —
Burg / o-maB/- written bourse.} [F. bourse, LL. bursa, purse, ex-
ter, n. A chief magistrate of a municipal town in change, fr. Gr. burse, a skin.]— Bur 'sar, -sSr, n. A
Holland, Flanders, and Germany. [D. burgemeester.] cash-keeper; purser; a student to whom a stipend
(OrnMh.) An aquatic bird; the glaucous gull, of is paid. —
Bur'sary, -s5r-T, n. The treasury of a col-
arctic regions. lege, etc. a charitable foundation in a university.
;

Burgamot. See Bergamot. Burst, bSrst, v. i. [burst bursting.] Te fly or ;

Burgeois. See Bourgeois. break open violently; to make any sudden change
Burgeon. See Bourgeon. from restraint, invisibility, absence, etc., to an oppo-
Burglar, berg'ler, n. (Law.) One who breaks and en- site state; to issue by a sudden removal of obstacles;
ters a house, to commit a felony. [OF., fr. bourg to crack, split, sever. v. t. —
To break or rend vio-
and some corrup. of leres, L. latro, robber.] Burg /- — lently; to open suddenly. — «. breaking forth; A
lary, -la-rl, n. Act of, etc. —
Burgla'rious, -rT-us, a. disruption sudden explosion. [AS. berstan, D.
;

Pert, to, or constituting, etc. —

Burgla'riously, adv. bersten, to burst; s. rt. break.} Burst 'er, n. —
Burgundy, bSr'gun-dY, n. A kind of wine made in Burt, bgrt, n. A flat fish of the turbot kind.
Burgundy, France. —
Bur 'gundy-pitch, -pich, n. Burthen. See Burden.
Turpentine from which the essential oil has been Bury, ber'T, n. A borough ; manor; used as a term,
distilled off. of namesof places, as, Canterbury. v. t. [buried —
Burial. See under Bury. (beVid), burying.] To conceal by covering; esp. to
Burin, bu'rin, n. An engraver's tool having a sharp cut- cover out of sight, as in a grave, the ocean, etc.; to
ting point hide in oblivion. [AS. byrgan,byrigan; s. rt. bor-
a n engrav- ough.] —
Tobury the hatchet. To cease war; an allusion
er's style of to the custom of American Indians, to bury a tom-
execution. ^C^ ahawk when concluding peace. Burial, -t-al, n. —
[F. ; MHG. Act of burying interment. Bur'ying-ground,
;
—
boren, to -place, n. A grave-yard; chureh-yard.
bore.] Burin. Bus, bus, n. An omnibus. [Abbrev. fr. omnibus.]
Burke, berk, v.*. [burked (bSrkt), burking.] To mur- Busby, buz'bY, n. (Mil.) A military cap or bear-skin.
der, without marks of violence, to obtain a body for Bush, bush, n. A thicket, or place abounding in trees;
dissection to dispose of quietly or indirectly. [Fr.
; a branching shrub; a cluster of shrubs; a bushy
W. Burke, of Edinburgh, who committed the crime branch cut from a tree; a branch of ivy (as sacred
in 1829. ] to Bacchus); hence, a tavern sign, or the tavern it-
Burl, berl, v. t. [BTTBLED (bSrld), burling.] To dress, self. v. i. —
To grow thick or bushy. v. t. To set —
as cloth, by fulling; to pick knots, loose threads, bushes for, as for peas; to use a bush-harrow on,
etc., from. — n. A knot or lump in thread or cloth. or for covering. [Dan. busk, D. bosch, OF. bos,
[Prov. F. bouril, a block, or end of thread, disfigur- F. bois, bush, forest.] —
Bush'y, -1, a. Full of bush-
ing cloth. See Bur.]— Burl'er, n. A dresser of cloth. es; full and spreading, like a bush.— Bushlness, n.
Burlap, ber'Iap, w. A coarse fabric of linen, jute, or —
Bush ''-bean, n. The common, low garden-bean;
hemp. [See Bur.]
Burlesque, ber-lesk'', a. Provoking laughter by ludi-
kidney-bean; French bean.
lar warfare in woody country.
fighting, n. Irregu-
-har'row, n.
— —
crous images; jocular, ironical. —
Ludicrous rep- (Agric.) A harrow made of bushes, for covering
;
n.
resentation exaggerated parody satirical compo-
sition intended to ridicule anything; caricature.
; seeds, etc. —
man, n. A settler in the backwoods of
Australia. (Oeog.) One of a tribe of savages near
V. t. [BURLESQUEDf-lesktO.-LESQt'ING.] To turn into the Cape of Good Hope,— so named by the Dutch.
ridicule. [F., fr. It. burlesco, ludicrous, burla, a
trick, waggery, banter.] —
Burlefta, -lefta, n.
[D. bosch-man, boscfijes-man.] whack'er, n. One
accustomed to beat about bushes; a raw country-
—
(Mm.) A comic opera; a musical farce. [It., dim. man; a scythe for cutting brush; one engaged in
of burJa.] predatory excursions against an enemy. whack-
Surly, ber'lT, a. Of great bulk; stout; lusty; coarse ing, n. Traveling, or working a way, through bush-

am, fame, far, pisa or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, Sr ;
 BUSH 67 BUZZ
es; pulling by the bushes, as in hauling a boat along of fire-engine hose. v. i. —
To join at the butt, end,
a stream: irregular or predatory warfare. or outward extremity: to be bounded; to abut; to
Bush, bush, n. (Mach.) A metal ring or lining let thrust the head forward. —
v. t. To strike by thrust-
into an orifice. —
v. t. To furnish with a bush, or ing the head against. —
Butte, but or bit, n. An iso-
line with metal. [D. bus, a box, L. buxus, the box- lated peak or abrupt elevation of land. [OF. bet,
tree. See Box.] —Bush'ing, n. A
metal lining for a F. bout, end; F. butte, a knoll; but, a mark. fr. buter,
hole; a thimble. OF. boter, to strike, push; s. rt. beat.] Butt'-hinge, —
Bushel, bush'el, n. A dry measure, containing 8 n. See Butt. n. —
Butt'-joint, But'tiag-joint, n.
gallons; a vessel of the capacity of a bushel, used in (Carp.) A
joint between two pieces of timber or
measuring: the circle of iron in the nave of a wheel. wood. —
Butt'- weld, n. (Mech.) weld formed A
[OF. boissel, LL. boisellus, fr. bussula, a little box, fr. by forcing together flattened ends of iron or steel
L. buxis, Gr. puxis, a box. See Box.] Bushel '- — bars, at a welding heat. —
But'tock, n. The rump,
age. -ej, n. A duty payable by the bushel. or protuberant part of the body behind. (Naut.) The
Busily. Business, etc. See under Bust. convexity of a ship behind, under the stern. [Dim.
Busk, busk, n. A
thin piece of metal, whalebone, or of butt, end.]
wood, worn in corsets. [F. busque, prob. corrupt, fr. Butt, but, n. A
pipe or large barrel, containing fr.
tiuste. See Bust.] 108 to 126 gallons. [OF. boute. F. botte ; another form
Busk, busk, v. t. or i. To prepare, make ready, array. of boot.]
[1c. buask, to get one's self ready, bua, to prepare.] Butter, but'ter, n. An oily, unctuous substance ob-
Buskin, bus'kin, n. Acovering for the foot and leg, tained from cream by churning. v. t. [buttered —
for hunters and actors in tragedy tragedy, as dis- ; (-terd), -tering.] To cover with butter. [AS.
ting. fr. comedy. [OF. brossequin, D. broos, a bus- butera, buter, L. butyrum, Gr. bouturon, butter, fr.
kin pern, akin" to E. brogue.]
: —
Bus'kined, -kind, a. Gr. bous, ox, and turos, cheese.] But'terine, -in, —
Dressed in buskins; of, or pert to, tragedy; tragic. n. A
substitute for butter, made from animal fat;
Busky. Same as Bosky. See under Boscage. oleomargarine. —
But'tery, -ter-T, a. Having the
Buss, bus, ». A kiss; a rude or playful kiss. v. t. — qualities, consistence, or appearance, of butter. —
[
bussed (bust), bussing.] To kiss. [OG. bussen, F. n. A
place for keeping butter, milk, provisions,
hai.-er, to kiss ;Ga. bus, mouth; ~L.basium, a kiss.] etc. ; a room in some colleges, etc., for the sale of re-
Buss, bus, n. A two-masted herring-boat. [D. buis, freshments; a cellar in which wine is kept. [Perh.
her ring-boat; OF. busse, G. biise. LL. bussa, buscia, in part a corrup. of butlery, fr. butler.] Butyra- —
boats of different kinds; s. rt. box.] ceous, bu-ti-:a'shus, Butyrous, bu'tl-rus, a. Hav-
Bust, bust, n. A piece of statuary representing the ing the qualities of, or resembling, butter. Butyr'- —
upper part of the human figure; the portion of the ie, a. ( Cheni.) Pertaining to, or derived from, but-
human figure between the head and waist. [F. buste, ter. — Buftercup, n. A
plant having bright yel-
It. busio, bust, fr. LL. bustum, the trunk.] low flowers crowfoot.
Bustard, bus'tard, n. A bird of the Ostrich family.
[F. bistarde, corrup. fr. avis-tard, L. avis tarda, n. A
; fingered, -fin'gerd, a.
Apt to drop things, as if from greasy fingers.
lepidopterous insect of different species.
fly, ——
slow bird.] -fly-valve, n, (Mech.) A
valve consisting of two
[bustled (bus'ld), bustlin g.] To
Bustle, bus'l, v. i.
stir quickly, be very active, n. —
Great stir; tumult
from excitement. flc. bustla, to bustle : Dan. buse,
rib. —
semi-circular clappers or wings hinged to a cross-
man, n. One who sells butter. milk. n.
Milk remaining after the butter is separated from
—
to bounce, pop; prob. 8. rt. busy.]
A
—
Bus 'tier, n.
kind of cushion to expand ladies'
it. —
nut, n. An American tree and its fruit, which
contains oil; the nut of a South American tree, —
Bustle, bus'l, n.
skirts behind.
Busy, bizl, a. Engaged in business; occupied; con-
called also the Savuart nut.
made from sugar and butter.
scotch, n. A candt
tree, n. tropical
—— A
stantly active; restless: active in what does not tree whose seeds yield a butter-like substance.
concern one; officious; pragmatical.— v. t. [busied Butteris. See under Buttress.
(biz'id). busying.] To make or keep busy, employ, Buttock. See under Butt.
occupy. [AS. bysig, busy, bysgian, to employ, fa- Button, but'n, n. A
small ball; knob; a catch, to
tigue. D. bezig, busy, bezigen, to employ.] Bus'ily, — fasten together parts of dress, or to hold a door
adc. —
Business, biz'nes, n. That which busies closed ; a bud; germ of a plant. (Assaying.) A
one: employment; particular occupation for a liveli- round mass of metal remaining in the cupel after
hood or gain; traffic in general; concern; right or fusion, —v.t. [buttqneJ) (but'nd), -toxi-ng.] To
occasion of making one's self busy: affair; transac- fasten with, etc —
v.i. To be fastened by, etc. [OF.
tion; trade; profession; duty. —
Bus'inesslike, a. boton, F. bouton, a bud, hence a button, fr. boter, to
Properly done; thorough; straightforward. —Busy- push out; s. rt. butt.] —
But 'ton-hole, b. The hole
body, biz'T-bod-T, n. One who officiously concerns in which a button is caught. v. t. To hold by the —
himself with others' affairs, a meddling person.
But, but, prep. & conj. [AS. butan, buton. from prefix
be and utan, uton, outward, without, from, ut, ui-e,
to bore. —
button or button-hole to detain in conversation
mold, -mould, -m6ld, n.
;

disk of bone,
wood, etc., which is made into a button by cover-
A
;

out, without, abroad. Cf. About.] Except; besides; ing it with cloth. wood, n. The North American
unless; save that; were it not that; otherwise than plane-tree, producing rough balls the button-ball. ;

that: that not; only; solely; merely; on the contra- Buttress, buftress, n. (Arch.) projecting support A
ry; on the other hand; yet; still; nevertheless. [AS. to the exterior of a wall a prop. ;
—
butan, (conj.) except, (prep.) besides, without; eontr. v. t. To support by a buttress to
—
:

fr. be, by, and utan, outside: D. buiten, except.] prop. But'teris, -tSr-is, n. (Far.)
But, n. and v. See Butt. An instrument to pare horses' hoofs.
Buteher, buch'er, n. One who slaughters animals [F. bouter, to push, butt. See Butt.]
for food ; one who kills cruelly one given to Butyraceous, etc. See under Butter.
—
:

slaughter. v. t. [butchered (-erd), -ering.] To Buxom, buks'um, a. Orig., obedient

kill, as animals, for food; to murder, esp. barba- or yielding healthy jolly frolic-
; ; ;

rously. [OF. bocher, orig. a killer of goats, fr. boc, some. [AS. bugan, to bow, and suf-
F. bouc, he-goat, E. buck.] —
Butch'erly, -er-lY, a. fix -sum, same, like.] Bux'omly, —
Grossly cruel murderous.
; —
Butch' erliness, n. — adv. —
Bux'omness. n.
Butch'ery, -er-T, n. Business of a butcher great Buy, bi, v. t. [bought (bawt), butting.]
slaughter; massacre. —
Butch'er-bird, n. A bird
;

To purchase to aequire by paying

;

of several species, destructive of smaller creatures. for to procure by a consideration t

;

Butler, buflgr, n. A servant in charge of the liquors, given, —v. i. To negotiate about a
etc. [Norm. F. butuUler, a butler, fr. butuille, bot- purchase. [AS. bycgan, Goth, bugjan,
tle.] — But'lerage, -ej, n. {Old Eng. Law.) A duty to buy; pern. s. rt. Skr. bhuj, to enjoy, Buttress.
on imported wine, orig. paid to the king's butler. — use, L. fungi.] —
To buy off. To influence to com-
Butler-stop, n. Office of butler. pliance to detach by a consideration given.
: To —
Butment. Same as Abutment. o. out. To purchase* the interest of, so that the —
Butt, But, but, n. The larger end, as of a piece of tim- purchaser takes the seller's orig. rights. To b. on —
ber; an end; limit; bound; unplowed land at the end credit. To purchase- on a promise to pay at a future
of a field; a mark to be shot at; object of aim; one day. —Tob. the refusal. To give money'for the right
at whom ridicule or contempt is directed ; a thrust to take at a fixed price and time. — Buy'er, a.
given in fencing or by the head of an animal; the Buzz, buz, v. i. [buzzed (buzd). buzzing.] To make
stoutest part of tanned ox -hides. (Carp.) kind A a low, continuous, humming sound, as bees ; to
of hinge, screwed to the edge of the door, which speak with a low, humming voice. v. t. To make —
butts against the casing. The metal ring at the ends known by buzzing to spread, as report, by whis-
;

efln, eflbe, full ; moon, fot)t ; cow, oil ••

linger or ink, tiaen, bowbON, chair, get.
 — — ;

BUZZARD 68 CACTUS
pers.— n. A continuous, humming noise whisper; secret purpose. gone, a. Past gone by. —
report spread cautiously. [Onomat] — Buz'zer, n.
;
n.
—
;

Something gone by a past event. -name, n. A

One who, or that which, etc.
Buzzard, buz'erd, n. ( Ornith.) A bird of prey, of the
nickname sobriquet.
obscure way.
;

—
;

path, n. A private path ;

scene carried on aside,
—A
falcon family. A blockhead a dunce. [F. busard,
buse, buzzard, LL. busio, L. buteo, sparrow-hawk.]
;
-play, n.
while the main action proceeds.
looker-on; a spectator.
stand'er, n.
word, n. A common say-
— A
By, bi, prep. Near or next to from one to the other side
; ing; proverb.
of ; past with, as instrument, means, way, etc.
;

through means of with aid of through. — ; Bye, bi, n. A

dwelling in certain games, the station;

; adv. of a player. [AS., a dwelling, i'r. byan, to dwell.]

Near present passing near; going or gone past.
; ;
;

— By-law, bi'law, n. A
law of a city, town, corpora-
a. Out of the common path aside in composi- ; ;
— tion, etc. Tic bsejar-loy, town law, fr. bser, town,
tion giving the meaning of something incidental, law Sw. bylag,
log, ; fr. by, village, and lag, law;
collateral, or private.
— By andOHG.,
[AS., OFries., OS., and Dan. bylov, municipal law, fr. by, town, love, law.]
Goth, bi, AS. big, D. by, G. bei.~\ by. Pres- Byssus, bis'sus, n. A
fine cloth worn by the ancients;
ently before long.
; —
By one's self. Alone solitary. asbestus, a mineral having parallel fibers. (Conch.)
— One by one, day by day, piece bit piece, etc. Each
;

A tuft of long, silky filaments, by which certain

one, day, piece, etc., by itself singly. To come by. — bivalves attach themselves to submarine bodies.
To get possession of to obtain. To do by. To ; — (Bot.) A filamentous, fungous plant, growing in
treat, to behave toward. To set by. To value, — subterraneous places. [L., Gr. bussos, fine flax.] —
esteem. —
To stand by. To aid, support. the —By ByssiF erous, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. [L.ferre, to
head. (Naut.) Having the bows lower than the
Btern. —
By the run. All together. By the bye. In — bear.] —
Bys'sine, -sin, a. Of, or like, silk.
Byzant, biz'ant, Byz'antine, -tin, n. (Numis.) A gold
passing by way of digression apropos to the mat- coin, worth $25, coined at Byzantium.— Byzantine,
—
; ;

ter in hand- By '-end, n. Private end or interest; bi-zan'tin or biz'an-tln, a. Pert, to Byzantium.

C.
C, se.the 3d letter in the English alphabet,has2 sounds,
one close (represented in the phonetic respellings in
caplum, capulum, fr. L. capere, to take hold of.] —
Ca'ble-gram, n. A message sent through a telegraph-
this vocabulary by k), the other a bibilant (repre- ic cable. — Cable's-length. 720 feet.
sented by s). The digraph ch has 3 sounds, the 1st Caboose, ka-boos', n. (Naut.) A galley, or cook-house
as in church (represented by eft), the 2d, as in chaise
(represented by sh), the 3d, as in chorus (represented
on deck; a box covering the chimney in a ship. A
railroad tool-car. [F. cambuse, D. kombuis, Dan.
—
by k). (Hits.) C after the clef is the mark of com- kabys, Sw. kabysa, cook's room; D. kom, a porridge-
mon time, in which each measure isasemibreve,cor- dish, and bids, a pipe.]
Cabriolet, kab'rl-o-la, n. A one-horse two-seated car-
riage with calash top, and covering for the legs. [F.,
scale the key note major, and the third minor, of dim. of cabriole, It. capriola, a caper (of a goat),fr.
—
;

the natural scale. C is used as a contr. for L. cen- It. caprio, wild-goat, L. caper, goat. See Caper.]
tum, a hundred. Cacao, ka-ka'o or ka'ko, n. The chocolate tree of So.
Cab, kab, n. Abbr. of Cabriolet, q. v. A Hebrew — Amer. and the W. Indies. [Sp., fr. Mexican cacou-
dry measure of 2 5-6 pints. [Heb. qah, hollow.] atl] —
Cacaiire, -ka'in, n. (Chem.) The essential
Cabal, ka-bal', n. A number of persons united to pro- principle of cacao.
mote their private views by intrigue: a junto; fac- Cachalot, kash'a-lot, n. The sperm whale. [F.; D.
tion; plot; intrigue. v. i. —
[caballed (-bald''), kazilot.]
-balling.] To plot, conspire. Cabal', Cab'ala, — Cache, kash, n. A
hiding-place for provisions. [F.,
kab'a-la, n. Secret tradition, or a mysterious science f r. cacher, to hide.] —
Cachet, kash'a, n. seal, as of A
among Jewish rabbins; mystery. [F. cabale, fr. Heb. a letter. —
Lettre de cachet. sealed letter, esp. an A
qabbatah, reception, mystery received, qabat, to take, order for imprisoning one obnoxious to the king of
receive.] —
Cab'alism, -izm, n. Secret science of the France or his ministers. Cachepot, kash'po, n. —
cabalists. —
Cab'alist, n. A Jewish doctor conver- An ornamental cover for a flower-pot. [F.; pot,
sant with the cabala. —
Cabalisfic, -ical, a. Pert, to, pot.]
etc.; containing an occult meaning. Cabalisfic- — Cachexy, ka-kek'sY, n. A depraved condition of the
ally, adv. —
CabaJ/ler, n. One who cabals. system. [Gr. kakos, bad, andeons, state.] — Cachec'-
Caballine, kab'al-hn, a. Pert, to a horse. n. kind — A tic, -tical, a.
of aloes, used in medicine for horses. [L. caballus, Cachinnation, kak'in-na-shun, n. Loud or immod-
Gr. kaballes, an inferior horse, nag.] erate laughter. [L. cachinnatio, fr. cachinnare, to
Cabaret, kab'S-ra, n. A tavern. [F.; L. taberna, inn.] laugh aloud.] — Cachinnatory, -kin'na-to-rY, a.
Cabas, ka'ba, n. A
reticule; satchel. [F., orig. pannier. J Consisting of, or producing, etc.
Cabbage, kab'ei, n. A garden vegetable, the head of Cachou, ka / shoo / n. A perfumed pill to correct the
',

—
which is edible. v. i. To form a head in growing. breath after smoking, etc. [F., catechu.]
[OF. choux cdbus ; cabus, great-headed, fr. L. caput, Cacique. See Cazique.
head.] —
Cab'bage-rose, n. A kind of cabbage- Cackle, kak'l, v. i. [cackled (kak'ld), cackling.] To
shaped rose. tree, n.
cabbage-like fruit.
— A
palm bearing an edible make a noise like a goose or hen to laugh with a
broken noise, giggle; to talk in a silly manner,
;

Cabbage, kab'ej, v. t. [cabbaged (-ejd), -baging.] To prattle,— n. The noise of a hen, etc.; silly talk.
purloin. n. Cloth retained by tailors when cut- [Onomat.; OD. kakehm, Sw. kakla, Dan. kagle, G.
ting out garments. [F. cabasser, to put into a basket, gackeln.] — Cack'ler, n.
fr. cabas, basket.] Cacochymy, kak'o-kim-T, n. (Med.) A vitiated state
Cabin, kab'in, n. A
small room ;a cottage; hut; an of the humors of the body, esp. of the blood. [Gr.
apartment in a ship. v. i. —
[cabined (-ind), cab- kakos, bad, and chumos, juice.] — Cac'ode'mon, n.
ining.] To live in a cabin, lodge. v.t. To con- — Orig., an evil spirit. (Med.) The ughtmare. [Gr.
fine in a cabin. [W., Ga., and Ir. caban, dim. of W. daimon, demon.] — Cac / oe /'thes, -o-e'
j'thez, n. A bad
cab, a booth.] Cabin-boy, n.— waiter in a ship. A custom or habit bad disposition. (Med.) An in-
;

Cabinet, kab'm-et, n. A
small room; closet; room for curable ulcer. [Gr. ethos, custom, habit.] Cacog'- —
consultations ; secret council of a government a ; raphy, -ft,
-fT, n.
,
Bad
spelling or writing. [Gr. graphe,
spelling_or ~"Q-

piece of furniture with drawers and doors; a place writingj— CacoKogy, n. Bad grammar or enuncia-
for valuables. [Dim. of cabin.] Cab'inet-coun'cil, — tion. [Gr. logos, word.] Cacophony, -kof 'o-nt, n. —
A A
—
-kown'sil, n. Confidential council of a prince, etc.
ma'ker, n.
Cable, ka'bl, n.
A
maker of furniture; a joiner.
A
rope or chain to retain a vessel at
(Rhet.) disagreeable sound of words. (Med.)
bad voice; altered state of the voice. (Mus.) com-
bination of discordant sounds. JGr. phone, sound.]
A
anchor, suspend weights, contain and protect a tel- — Cacophonous, -kof -phonic, -fon'ik,
'o-nus, -pno
-kof'o-nus,
egraph wire, etc. v. t. —
To fasten with a cable. v. — Harsh sounding.
i. and*. To telegraph through a cable. [F.; LL. Cactus, kak'tus, n. ; pi. Cac'tuses, -ez, or Cac'ti, -ti.

Km, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 6dd, tone, 6r
 CAD 69 CALCULATE
A genus of tropical Amer- a separation, by ending of a word or pause in the
ican plants, having thick, sense, of syllables rythrnically connected. [L., fr,
fleshy stems, often armed csedere, to cut off.] —
Caesu'ral, a. Pert, to, etc.
with spines. [L.; Gr. kaktos.\ Cafe", kaf a, n. A
coffee-hou.-e lunch-room. [F. :

Cad. kad, n. In Eng., the con- cafe. See Coffee.] —

Caffeic, -le'ik, a. {Chem.)
ductor of an omnibus an ; Pert, to, or obtained fr., coffee. Caffeine, -ie'ln, —
errand-boy; a low-bred, ob- n. Awhite, bitter, crystallizable substance, ob-
trusive fellow; a snob. tained from, etc.
[Abbr. oi cadet.']- Cad'dish, Caftan, kaftan or kaf-tan' n. A
Persian or Turkish
a. Vulgar; pretentious. ! garment. [Turk. qaft&n.}
Cadaverous, ka-dav'er-us, a. j
Cag, kag, n. A
small cask or barrel; keg. [Dan. &
Resembling a corpse; pale; Sw. kagge, Ic. kaggi.]
wan; ghastly. [L. cadaver, |
Cage, kaj, n. A
box or inclosure, for confining birds,
a corpse, fr. cadere, to fall.] animals, criminals, etc. {Mining.) A hoist for rais-
— Cadav'erously, adv. — Ca- ing ores, persons, etc., from a pit. v. t. [caged —
daVerousness, n. (kajd), caging.1 To confine in a cage. [F., fr. L.
Caddice, -dis, kad'dis, n. The cavea, hollow place, cave, cage.]
larva of the caddice-fly, — Cactus.
Caiman. See Cayman.
used as bait in fishing. [G. koder, bait.] Cad'- — Caique, ka'ek or ka-ek', n. A
Turkish skiff or light
dice-fly, n. An insect, frequenting marsh}* places. boat. [Turk. qaiq. boat.]
Caddis, kad'dis, n. A
kind of worsted lace or rib- Cairn, karn. n. A
rounded or conicai pile of stones.
bon. [Ir. & Ga. car/as, cadan, cotton, fustian, "W. [Ir., Ga., and W. cam, heap.]
cadas, a kind of cloth.] Caisson, kas'son, n. {Mil.) A
chest containing am-
Caddow, kad'do, n. A chough; jackdaw. [Ga. cadhag.] munition ; wagon lor conveying military stores.
Caddy, kad'dl, n. A small box for keeping tea, {Arch.) Awooden frame used in submarine build-
[Malay kati, a weight of 21^ ounces.] ing; a panel sunk below the surface. [F., fr. caisse,
Cade, kad, n. A barrel; cask. [Russ. kade, L. cadus, chest. See Case.]
Gr. kados, a cask.] Caitiff, ka'tif n. , A
mean, despicable person. a. —
Cadence, ka'dens, n. A fall of the voice in reading Base ; vile. [OF., a captive, wretched person, L.
or speaking a modulation of sound.
; {Mil.) A captivus, captive, prisoner, fr. capere, captum, to
uniform time and pace in marching. {Mus.) A take ; s. rt. captive and have.]
pause at the end of an air; a closing embellishment, Cajeput, kafe-put. n. An essential oil fr. the East
— v. t. To regulate by musical measure. [F.. fr. L. Indies. [Malay, f r. kayu, tree, and putih, white.]
cadens, cadentis, p. pr. of cadere, Skr. cad, to fall.] Cajole, ka-joK, v. t. [cajoled (-jokf), cajoling.]
— Ca'dency, -st, n. Same as Cadence. Ca'dent, — To deceive or delude by flattery: to wheedle, coax,
a. Falling. —
Caden'za, -za, n. {Mus.) Modula- entrap. [OF. cajeoler, to flatter, to chatter like a
tion of the voice. [It.] bird in a cage, fr. OF.. gaole,jaiole. dim. of cage.] —
Cader, Cadre, ka'der, n. (.Mil.) The frame or nucleus Cajo'ler. n.— Cajolery, -ler-I, n. wheedling; coax-A
of a regiment: a list of officers and men. [F. cadre. ing language; flattery.
It. quadro, fr. L. quadrum, a square.] Cake, kak, n. A
composition of flour, butter, sugar,
Cadet, ka-def, n. {Mil.) A gentleman who serves as etc., baked: a mass of matter concreted and flattened.
a private, to obtain a commission; a young man in a — v. i. and t. [caked (kakd). caking.] To form
military school. [F., younger or youngest son, into a cake, or mass. [Ic. and Sw. kaka, D. koek,
Gascon capdet, fr. LL. capitellum, dim. of L. caput, G. kuchen, a cake, L. coquere, to cook.]— Cak'ing-
head (of the family).]— Cadet'ship, n. Position coal, n. {Min.) Bituminous coal which becomes
or condition of. etc. pasty or semi-viscid in the fire.
Cadew, ka-du', Cade-worm. Same as Caddice. Calabar bean, kaKa-bar ben'. The seed of a legu-
Cadge, kaj, v. t. To live on another meanly. [Scot. minous plant of tropical Africa, poisonous, and used
cache, caich, cadge, to toss, drive, ME. catch, to to produce contraction of the pupil of the eye, also
drive.] —
Cadger, kaj'er, n. One who brings butter, in tetanus, neuralgia, and rheumatism.
eggs, etc., to market from the country: a huckster; Calabash. kafa-bash.w. The fruit of the calabash tree;
one who lives upon others by trickery or begging. — a large gourd; a vessel made from the shell, etc. —
Cadgy. kaj'Y, a. Cheerful, as after eating or drink- — Cafabash tree. A tree of tropical America. [F.
ing. callabasse, Pg. calabaca, great gourd, fr. Ar. qar,
Cadi, ka'dY. n. ; pi. Ca'dis, -dTz. A Turkish local mag- a gourd, and aybas, dry.]
istrate. TTurk.] Calaboose, kal-a-boos', n. A
prison jail. [Corrupt, :

Cadmean. kad-vne'an, Cadmian, kad'mY-an, a. Pert. of Sp. calabozo, dungeon, prob. fr. Ar. gal'ah, castle,
to Cadmus, prince of Thebes, said to have intro- and 6ms, hidden.]
duced into Greece 16 letters of the alphabet. Calamanco, kal-a-man'ko, n. A glossy, woolen stuff,
Cadmia, kad'ml-a, n. {Min.) An oxide of zinc; for- ribbed or plain. [LL. calamancus, NGr. kamelau-
merly^ the ore of zinc, called calamine. [L., fr. Gr. kion, a camel's hair head covering.]
kadmia, calamine.] —
Cad'mium, n. {Chem.) A Calamiferous. See under Calamus.
white, ductile, and malleable metal related to zinc. Calamine. See under Cadmia.
A
—Cadmium yellow. yellow compound of cadmium Calamity, ka-fanfi-tT, n. A
great misfortune or cause
and sulphur, used as a pigment. Caf amine, -min, — of misery; disaster; mishap; mischance. [F. calam-
n. Silicate, formerly carbonate, of zinc. ity, L. calamitas.] —
Calam'itous, -Y-tus, a. Suffer-
Caduceus, ka-du'se-us", n. {Myth.) Mercury's rod, — ing, or producing, calamity deplorable grievous.
;

a wand entwined by serpents, and sur- — Calamitously, adv. —

Calanfitousness, n.
;

mounted by wings. [L., fr. Gr. kervx, a
herald.]
Caducous, ka-du'kus, a. {Bot.) Falling
oft quickly or easily. [L. caducus, fr.
cadere, to fall.] —
Cadu'city, -sT-tT, n.
Tendency to fall: feebleness of old asre.
Cadu'cibran'chiate, -bran'kY-at, a. {Zobl.)
Having temporary gills, — said of am-
phibia, which lose" their gills at maturity.
[Gr. brangchion, a gill.]
Caesar, se'zar, n. An
emperor, esp. of
Germany, as being the successor of Au-
fustus Caasar and the Roman emperors
aiser. —
C'esa-'rean, Cesa'rean, a. Pert,
Calamus, kaKa-mus, n. ; pi. -mi, -mi. {Bot.) Indian
cane, a plant of the palm family; also, the sweet flag.
[L.] — Calamiferous, -er-us, a. Producing reeds.
Calash., ka-lash', n. A light carriage with low wheels,
having a top that can be raised or lowered, and
— often a movable front, making it either an open or
close carriage; also, a Canadian two-wheeled vehi-
cle; a hood of a carriage which can be thrown back;
a hood-like head-covering. [F. caleche, G. kalesche,
Russ. koliaska, fr. koleso, dim. of kolo, a wheel.]
— Calcar, Calcify, Calcine, etc. See under Calx.
Calceated, kafse-a-ted, a. Fitted with, or wearing,
shoes; shod. [L. caiceus, shoe.] —
Cal'ceola'ria, -rl-a,
;

n. {Bot.) A South Amer. herbaceous or shrubby

to Caesar. —
Cesarean section. {Surg.) An plant, having shoe-shaped flowers; slipperwort.
incision through the parietes of the ab- Calculate, kafku-lat, v. t. To ascertain by arithmet-
domen and uterus, to extract the fetus. [Fr. Julius ical or mathematical processes, or by reckoning pe-
Caesar, said to have been so brought forth, and culiarities or circumstances ; to fit by adaptation of
named in consequence; L. csedere, csesuni, to cut.] — means to the end to compute, estimate, rate.
;
—
Cae'sarism, -izm, n. Personal rule, by armed force, v.i. To make a calculation. [Improperly used for
like Julius Cassar's imperialism. intend or purpose.] [L. calculare, -latum," to reckon
;

Caesura, se-zu'ra or -su'ra, n. ; E. pi. CiEsu'EAS, -raz ; bv means of pebbles, fr. calculus, pebble.] Caf* —
L. pi. -S.M, -re. {Pros.) A
pause or division in a verse culable, a. Capable of being, etc. Calcula'tian, —
6un, cube, full ; moon, f<Jo* ' cow. oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boxboN, chair, get.
 —
; ; —

CALCULUS CALORIC
n. — Cal'eulative,
Art, act, or result of, etc. -tiv, a. healthful bodily exercise. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, and
Pert, to, etc. — Calculator, -ter, n. One who, etc. sthenos, strength.]
Calculus, kal'ku-lus, n. ; pi. -li, -li. (Med.) solid A Calk, ka wk, v. t. [calked (kawkt), calking.] To drive
concretion in the body, usually in the organs that oakum into the seams of, as of a ship, to prevent
act as reservoirs, and in the excretory canals. leaking; to put sharp points upon the shoes of, to
{Math.) A
method of computation one of the prevent slipping on ice, —
said of a horse or ox to
—
; ;

branches of mathematics. [L., dim. of calx, a stone. wound, with a calk, said of a horse, etc. n. A
See Calculate and Calx.] —
Cal'culous, -lus, a. point on a shoe, to prevent slipping. [OF. cauauer,
Like stone; hard; gritty; affected with stone or to tread, also to tent a wound or insert lint in it, L.
gravel. calcare, to tread, trample, fr. calx, the heel; Ga. calc,
Caldron. kawl'drun, n. A
large metal kettle or boiler. to caulk, cram.] —
Calking iron, kawk'ing-i'ern.
[OF. L. caldariuirit f r. caldus for calidus, hot.] An instrument like a chisel, used in calking ships.
—
;

Calefacient, kal-e-fa'shent, a. Making warm; heat- Calk'er, Calk'in, Caulk, Cork. Same as Calk, n.
ing. —
n. {Med.) A
substance that excites warmth. Call, kawl, v. i. [called (kawld), calling.] To in-
[L. calefacere, to make warm, fr. calor, heat, vite or command to come or be present; to con-
facere, to make.] —
Calefac'tion, n. Act of warm- voke, summon, bid; to give a name to; to desig-
ing ; state of being heated. —
Calefac'tive, -tiv, nate as for office, duty, etc.; to utter loudly. v. i. —
-tory, -to-rf , a. Making warm. —
Calefac'tor, -ter, n. To speak loudly, cry out; to make a brief visit.—
A small stove. —
Cales'cence, -sens, n. Growing n. Avocal address of summons or invitation; a
warmth. — Cal'enture, -choor, n. {Med.) Delirium public demand requisition; a divine summons; a
;

from the heat of the tropical sun at sea. [F., fr. Sp. short visit. {Hunting.) A
note blown on a horn.
calentura, L. calere, to be hot.] —
Cal'efy, -fi, v. i. {JVaut.) A whistle to summon sailors to duty.
To grow warm. — v. t. To make warm. {Fowling.) A noise in imitation of a bird; a pipe
Calendar, kal'en-dar, n. An
arrangement of the di- to call birds by imitating their voice. [AS. ceatlian
visions of time, as days, weeks, months, etc. an for callian, Ic. and Sw. kalla, D. and MHG. kallen ;
almanac an enumeration of persons or things. — —
;

; s. rt. Gr. geruein, Skr. gar, to call.] Call of the

v. t. To enter in a calendar. a. Contained in, or — house. {Legis. Bodies.) A calling over the names of
according to, etc. [L. calendarium, a money-lend- members, to discover who is absent. To call back. —
er's account-book, recording the interest due on the To retract, recall, summon back. To c. down. To —
calends.] — Calendar month. A month according to bring down, invoke. —
To c. for. To demand, re-
the common or Gregorian calendar, as given in al- quire. —
To c. forth. To bring or summon to action.
manacs. —C. year. A
Gregoriau year, or year of — To c. in. To collect, summon together. To c. —
our Lord, ending L»ec. 31. —
Cal'ends, -endz, n. pi. off. To summon away, divert. To c. out. To chal- —
The 1st day of each month among the Romans. [L. lenge to fight, summon into service. To c. over. —
calendse, f r. calare, to call, proclaim, Gr. kalein, to To recite in order, as a roll of names.— To c. up. To
call, summon.] bring to recollection, or into action. To c. to mind. —
Calender, kal'en-der, n. A
machine or hot-press, to —
To recollect. Caliper, n. Call'ing, n. —
sum- A
make cloths, paper, etc., smooth and glossy or wavy; mons ; occupation vocation business.
; ;

one who calenders; one of a sect of Eastern der-
vises, named from the founder. v. t. [calen-
dered (-derd), -dering.] To press between rollers,
etc. [F. calandre, corrup. of celandre, LL. celenira,
fr. "L.cyllndrus, Gr. kulindros, cylinder, roller.]
Calenture, Calescence. See under Calefacient.
Calf, kaf, n. ; pi. Calves, kavz. The young of the cow;
an ignorant, stupid person; a small island near a
larger one; a mass of ice attached to an iceberg.
Calla, kal'la, n. A genus of plants of the order Ara-
— ceve. [Gr. kalos, kale, beautiful.]
Calligraphy, kal-lig'ra-fl, n. Fair or elegant penman-
ship. [Gr. kalos and graphein, to write.]— Callig''-
raphist, -fist, n. An
elegant penman. Calligraph- —
ic, -ical, -srrafT-kal, a.
Calliope, kiTl-lKo-pe, n. {Myth.) The muse presiding
over eloquence and heroic poetry. An organ whose
tones are produced by steam instead of wind a ;

[AS. cealf, D. and Sw. half, Ic. kalfr, Dan. kalb.
G. kalb.'] — Calve, kav, v. t. To bring forth a calf.
[D. kalven, Dan. kalve, G.kalben.] Calv'ing, n.
Act of, etc.; the breaking off of fragments from
icebergs or glaciers.
Calf, kaf, n. The fleshy part of the leg behind, below
the knee. [Ic. kalfi, Ir. and Ga. kalpa.]
Caliber, Calibre, kal't-ber, n. Diameter of a round
body, as of a bullet, or of the bore, as of a cannon
or tube; mental capacity. [F. calibre, It. calibro
perh. fr. L. qua libra? of what weight?; perh.fr.
steam-whistle on locomotives, etc.
Callipash, Callipee. See Calipash.
— Callipers. See Calipers, under Caliber. .
Callisthenics, n. See Calisthenics.
Callow, kal'o, a. Destitute of feathers; naked; un-
fledged. [AS. calu, L. calvus, bald.]
Callus, kal'lus, n. {Med.) Any preternatural hard-
ness in the body, esp. of the skin; new growth of
osseous matter uniting fractured bones. [L.] Cal'- —
lous, -lus, a. Hardened ; indurated obdurate un-
feeling. —
Callously, adv. Callousness, n. —
Cal-
;

— ;

Arab, kalib, Per. kalab, mold, model.] Callipers, — losity, -los'I-tl, n. A horny hardness of skin.
-perz, CaPiper-com'passes, n. pi. Com- Calm, kam, a. Not stormy; undisturbed by passion;
passes with curved legs, for measuring still; tranquil; serene; placid. — n. Freedom from
the caliber of round bodies. motion, agitation, or disturbance. v. t. [calmed —
Calice. See Chalice. (kamd), c aiming.] To render still or quiet; to ap-
Calico, kal'I-ko, n. ; pi. -coes, -koz. pease, compose, assuage. [F. calme, calm, still, Pg.
Plain white cotton cloth; printed cot- calma, LL. cauma, heat of the sun, Gr. kauma, fr.
ton cloth, coarser than muslin. a. — kaiein, to burn.] —
Calmly, adv. Calm'ness, n. — —
Made of, etc. resembling, etc.,— said
; Calm'ative, -tiv, a. Tending to calm. n. {Med.) —
of a horse, etc., having patches of A soothing medicine; a depressant.
color different from the general color. Calomel, kaVo-mel, n. {Chem.) A mild chloride of
[Fr. Calicut, whence the cloth was first mercury, used as a medicine. [Gr. kalos, fair, and
imported.] r n linf>r«
oallpers melas, black, —
i. e. the white sublimate got f r. the
Caliduct, kal'i-dukt, n. A pipe to con-
-

black corrosive sublimate.]

vey heat; a caloriduct. [L. calor, heat, and ducere, Caloric, ka-lor r ik, n. {Physics.) The principle of
ductum, to lead.] heat; agent to which phenomena of heat and com-
Calif. See Caliph. bustion are ascribed. [L. calor, heat.] Calores'- —
Caligo, ka-li'go, n. {Pathol) Dimness of sight, from cence, -es'ens, n. Conversion of heat-rays into
a speck on the cornea; the speck itself. [L., dark- light-rays. —
Caloricity, -is'Y-tt, n. Faculty of de-
ness, mist.] —
Calig'incus, -lij r i-nus, a. Affected veloping- heat, —
esp. in animals, to withstand cold.
with darkness or dimness; dark. — Calorific, a. Able to produce heat; heating. [L.
Caligraphy. See Calligraphy. facere, to make.] —
Calorific rays. Invisible heating
Calipash, kal't-pash, n. Part of a turtle Oelonging to rays emanating from the sun and burning bodies.
the upper shell, containing a gelatinous substance of — Calor'ifica'tion, n. Production of heat, esp. an-
a greenish tinge. —
Calipee', n. Part belonging to imal heat. —
Cal'orie, -o-rT, n. The French unit of
the lower shell, of a yellowish color. [F. carapace, heat, —
amount required to raise the temperature of
Sp. gdlapago, tortoise.] one kilogram of water 1° centigrade. [F.J Calor'- —
Caliph, Calif, ka'lif, n. Successor or vicar, a title — iduct, n. A tube to convev heat. [L. ducere, duc-
of the successors of Mohammed. [Ar. khalifah, fr. tum, to lead.] — Calor'ifefe, -fer, n. A hot-water
khalafa to succeed.] —
Cal'iphate. -ifate, -at; n. Of- heating apparatus for conservatories. [F., L. fr.
fice, dignity, or government of, etc. ferre, to carry.] — Calorim'eter, n. An apparatus
Calisthenic, kal-is-then'ik, a. Pert, to calisthenics. for measuring tne amount of heat contained in bod-
Cal'isthen'ics, n. sing. Art, science, or practice of ies. [Gr. met r on, measure.] —Calorim'etry, -trt, a.

am, fame, I'iir, pans ot opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, dr
 CALOTTE 71 CAMPHOR
(Chem.) Measurement of, etc. —
Calorimo'tor, n. Camblet. See Camlet, under Camel.
A powerful kind of galvanic battery. [L. motor, a Camboge. See Gambogb.
mover, fr. movere, to move.] Camboose, kam-boos', n. (Naut.) cook-room. A See
Calotte, ka-lot', Calote, -lot', n. A skull-cap: eap of Caboose.
a sword-hilt. [F. calotte, dim. of OF. cole, a flat cap, Cambrel. See Gambeel.
prob. fr. L. galea, helmet.] Cambric, kam'brik, n. A fine, white fabric of flax or
Calotype, kal'o-tlp, n. A
kind of photographic pic- linen: a cotton fabric, in imitation of linen cambric.
ture. [Gr. kalos, beautiful, and tupo*. stamp.] [Fr. Cambray, in Flanders.]
Caloyer, ka-loi'er, n. A monk of the Greek church. Came. See Come.
[NGr. kalogeros, fr. kalos and geron, old man.] Camel, kam'el, n. A ruminant quadruped, used in
CaJtrap, kal'trap, Cal'trop, Cal'throp, a. A plant Asia and Africa for carrying bur-
whose fruit consists of five prickly nuts united in a dens, (yaut.) A
contrivance for
whorl. (Mil.) A ball stuck with four spikes, so lifting ships over shoals. [OF.
that one must point upwards, —
used to obstruct channel, camel, L. camelus, G. kam-
—
cavalry. [AS. calcetreppe, Olt. cakatrippa, star-
thistle, fr. L. calcare, to tread. See Calk and Trap.]
Calumet, kaKu-met, n. A pipe used by American In-
dians as a symbol of peace aad war. [F., fr. L. eala-
mus, a reed.]
Calumny, kal'um-nl, n. False accusation: defama-
tion; slander. [F. calomnie, L. calumida, fr. caluere,
elos, Ileb. gamal, Ar. jamal.]
Cam'ers-hair,
hair.
n.
— Camlet,
Made
of camel's
a.
Cam'elot, -e-lot,
A cloth, orig. of camel's hair,
now of wool or goat's hair with'
silk or thread. [F. camelot. It.
belotto.]
cam-
Q.
]

Camel.

to deceive; s. rt. challenge.] —

Calum'niate. -n Y-at, Camellia, ka-mel'ya, n. A genus of evergreen shrubs.
v. t. To accuse falsely and knowingly, asperse, yili- [Fr. the Jesuit, Geo. Jos. Kamel (or Camellus), who
fv, traduce. — Calum nia'tion, n. False accusation. introduced it f r. Asia.]
— Calum'niator, -ter, n. —
Calum'nieus. -nl-us, a. Camelopard. ka-mel'o-pard or kam'el-, n. (Zo'61.) A
Containing or implying, etc. —
Calum , niously, adv. ruminant, long-necked, African quadruped; the gi-
Calvary, kal'va-rT, n. Aplace of skulls; esp. the raffe. [Gr. kamelepurdalis, fr. kamelos (see Camel)
place of Christ's crucifixion a Roman Catholic
;
and pardalis, leopard, pardO
chapel containing representations of Christ's pas- Cameo, kam'e-o, n. ; pi. -os, -oz. A precious stone or a
sion and death. JX. calvaria, skull.] shell carved in relief. [F. camieu. It. cammeo, LL.
Calve. See under Calf. cammseus, perh. fr. G. camme, OF. game, L. gemma,
Calvinism, kal'vin-izm, n. The theological doctrines of a gem.]
Calvin and his followers. —
CaJ/vinist, n. One who Camera, kam'e-ra, n. (Arch.) A vaulted roof or ceil-
—
embraces, etc.— Calvinist'ic, -ical, a. Pert. to. etc. ing. The camera obscura. [L. See Chamber.]
Calx, kalks, n. ; E. pi. Calx'es, -ez; L. pi. Cal'ces, Cam'era. Lu'cida, -lu'sl-da. (Opt.) An instrument
kal'sez. (Cliem.) Earthy residuum remaining after which re'flects a picture that may be traced on pa-
the calcination of a metal or mineral. [L., stone, per, etc. [L., light chamber.] — C- 0b3cura. -ob-sku'-
limestone, Gr. kroke, flint, Skr. carkara, stone, ra. An apparatus which reflects external images,
gravel.] — Calcareous, -ka'ri-us, a. Of the nature received through a lens, upon a white surface with-
[L., dark chamber.] —
of limestone; of, or containing, carbonate of lime, in a darkened chamber.
— Cal'cic, -sik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from Cam'erated, -er-at-ed, a. (Arch.) Divided into
calcium. — Calcif'erous, -sifer-us, a. Containing chambers; arched or vaulted.
carbonate of lime. —
Cal'ciform, a. In the form of Camisade, kam-T-sad', -sado, -sa'do, n. (Mil.) A shirt
chalk or lime. —Cal'cify, -fi, v. i. and t. To change worn over a soldier's uniform, for recognition in the
into a stony condition, in which lime is a princi- dark; an attack by surprise at night. [F. camisade,
pal ingredient. —
Calcine, kal-sin' or kal'stn, fr. OF. camise, shirt.] — Cam'isole, -sol, n. A waist-
[calcined (-slnd or -sTnd), -cinixg]. also Calci- coat : dressing-jacket ; straight-jacket. [F., dim. of
nate, -sT-nat, v. t. To reduce to powder or a friable cetmise.)
state, by the action of heat; to oxidize, as a metal. Camlet. See under Camel.
— v. i. "To be converted into a powder, etc. Cal- — Camomile, Chamomile. kam'o-mTl, n. A bitter plant,
ciner, -sln'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. — used in medicine. [LL. camomilla, Gr. chamaime-
Calculable, a. —Calcina'tion. a. Operation of, etc. lon, lit. earth-apple, fr. chamai, on the earth, and
— Calcin'atory, -sin'a-to-ri, n. A
vessel used in, melon, apple.]
etc. — Calciv'orous, -er-us, a. Eroding or eating Camp, kamp, n. Ground containing tents, huts, etc.,
into limestone. [L. vorare, to devour.] Cal'cite, — for shelter; company of persons encamped in the
-sit, n. (Min.) Carbonate of lime. —
Cal'cium, -st- same spot. — v. t. [camped (kampt), campixg.] To
um, n. (Chem.) The metallic basis of lime. Calc'- — afford lodging for, as an army, travelers, etc. v. i. —
ainter, n. Loose and porous calcite. [G. kalk, lime, To rest or lodge: to pitch tents, etc.: to encamp. [F.,
and sinter, dross.] —
Cal'cimine, -st-mTn. n. white A a camp, host, field ; L. campus, field LL. campus,
or tinted wash for walls. —
v. t. To wash with, etc. AS. and ME. camp, D., Dan., and Sw. kamp, Ie.
:

— Calcog'raphy, n. Art of drawing with chalk, or of —

Camp bedstead, n. A
engraving in the style of chalk-drawing.
rapher. n. —
Calcog'-
Cal'car, n. An oven or reverberating
—
kapp, G. kampf, battle.]
compact, portable bedstead.
combatant who attends an army. — -meeting, n An
—
follower, n. A non-

furnace, used in glass manufacture. (Bot.) tube A encampment in a

retired place, for devotion. —
into which a petal is lengthened at the base. [L. -stool, n. A
stool which folds into a small compass.
calcaria. a lime-kiln.] Campaign, kam-pan /', n. A
large, open plain an ;

Calyx, ka'lix, n.:E.pl. Ca'lyxes: L.pl. Cat/yces, extensive tract without hills. (Mil.) The time that
kal'I-sez. (Bot.) The outer covering of an army keeps the field. (U. S. Politics^ The con-
a flower. [L.; Gr. kalux, calyx, Skr.
— test for an election; a canvass. v. i. —
To serve in a
kafika. a bud; s. rt. chalice, helmet.] campaign. [F. campaigne, open field, L. campanra,
Calycle. kal'T-kl, n. (Bot.) A
row of a plain, esp. that around Naples, fr. campus. See
leaflets at the base of the calyx outer ; Camp.] —
Campaign'er, n. One who has served in
covering or crown of a seed. [L. caly- campaigns: an old soldier; veteran.
culiis, dim. of calyx.] Campaniform, kam-pan /'T-f8rm. a. (Bot.) In the
Cam, kam, n. (Much.) A
projecting part shape of a bell. [LL. campana, bell, and L. forma,
of a wheel, etc., giving an alternating form.]— Campanol'ogy, -jT, n. Art of ringing bells;
motion to a piece pressing against it. [D. a treatise on it. [Gr. logos, discourse.] — Campan'-
kam, a comb, ridge, G. kamm. comb, ulate, -u-lat, a. (Bot.) Bell-shaped. — Cam'panile,
cog.] — Cam'-wheel, n. A wheel of ir- -ne'la,n. (Arch.) A bell-tower. [It. andLL.j
regular outline, producing a variable Campestral, kam-pes'tral, -trian, -trT-an, a. Pert, to,
motion. or growing in a field, or open ground. [L. campester,
Camaieu, ka-ma'voo, n. A
stone engraved in relief; -pestris, fr. campus, field.]
a painting in a single color. [F. See Cameo.] Camphene, -phine, kam-ien', n. (Chem.) Pure oil of
Camber, kam'ber, n. (Arch.) An arch or convexity turpentine. rContr. of camphogen.]
on the top of a beam, or of an aperture. [F. cam- Camphor, kam'fe'r, n. The solidified sap of an East
hrer, to bow. crook, Gr. kamptein, to bend.] Cam'- — Indian laurel tree. [F. camphre, LL. camphora,
bering, a. Convex, —said of a ship's deck, etc. Skr. karpura, Ar. kafur, camphor, fr. Malay ka-
Cambist, kam'bist. n. A banker: one who deals, or is pur, chalk.] —
Cam'phire, -fir, n. Obs. spelling of
skilled, in exchange. [L. cambire. to exchange.] — camphor. —
Cam'phorate, -fgr-at, v. t. To impreg-
Cambistry, -rt, n. Science of exchange, weights, nate with. etc. —
Camphoric, -foVik, a. Pert, to, or
measures, etc. having qualities of, etc. —
Camphxetic, -fret'ik, a.

etui, cube, full ; moon, fdfct ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bowboir, chair, get.
 ; ;

CAMPION 72 CANON
Pert, to a tribasic acid obtained from camphor by lier,L. cavdelarius.] — Chand'lery, -I5r-T, n. Com-
the action of nitric acid. modities sold by, etc.
Campion, kam'pl-on, n. A
plant bearing poisonous Candy, kan'dT, [candied (-did), -dying.] To con-
v. t.
berries. [Prob.L. campus.] f r. form into crystals, as sugar
serve or boil in sugar; to
Cam-wood, kam , w6~6d, n. A hard, red dye-wood, from — v. i. To change into, or become impregnated, or
Sierra Leone. [Perh. abbrev. of Campeachy wood.] covered with, sugar; to be formed into crystals. —
Can, kan, n. A cup or vessel for liquids. v. t. [canned — n. A preparation of sugar or sirup a confection ;

(kand), canning.] To preserve in cans, as fish, veg- of sugar. [F. candir, It. candire, to candy, fr. It.
etables, etc. [AS. canna, Ic. and Sw. karma, D. kan, candi, Ar. and Per. qand, sugar, candy.]
a can, mug.] —
Can'akin, -nikin, n. A little can. Candy-tuft, kan'dT-tuft, n. An annual plant, native
Can, kan, v. i. [imp. could.] To be able; to have power. of Candia.
[AS. cunnan, D. kunnen, Ic. and Sw. kunna s. rt. ; Cane, kan, re. (Bot.) A
plant of several species, in-
cunning, ken,Jcnow, uncouth.] cluding reeds, as bamboo, rattan, etc., also sugar-
Canaille, ka-nal' or ka'na'y', n. The lowest class of cane. A
reed; walking-stick; staff; a lance made of
people; the rabble; vulgar; shorts, or low grades of cane. —
v. t. [caned (kand), caning.] To beat
flour. [F., orig. a pack of dogs, fr. L. canis, dog.] with, etc. to make or furnish with, etc. [F. canne.
;

Canal, ka-naK, re. An artificialwater-course, esp. one L. canna, Gr. kanna, a cane, perh. fr. Heb. qaneh, a
for boats. (Anat.) A duct for the passage of liquids reed, Ar. qanat, a cane s. rt. cannister, cannon, carb-
or solids. [F. L. canalis, a channel, trench, canal,
; on.] —
Cane-brake, n. A thicket of canes.
;

Can'jr, —
also a reed-pipe; Skr. khan, toTlig.] -1, a. Of cane, or abounding in canes.
Canard, kan-ar' or kan-ard', n. An extravagant fabri- r
Canicula, ka-nik u-la, Canicule, kan'i-kul, n. (Astron.)
cation. [F.] A star in the constellation of Canis Major the Dog-
Canary, ka-na'rY, n. Wine made in the Canary Isles. star, or Sirius. [L. canicula, dim. of canis, dog. J
;

—
— Cana'ry-bird, -b5rd, n. singing bird of the A Canic'ular, a. Pert, to, or measured by, the rising
finch family, native in, etc. of the Dog-star.
Cancan, kaN-kaN or kan'kan, n. Scandal; tittle-tat- Canine, ka-nin', a. Pert, to dogs having the quali- ;

tle ;an indecent French dance. [F.] ties of a dog. [L. caninus, fr. canis, dog.] Canine —
Cancel, kan'sel, v. t. [canceled (-seld), -celing.] teeth. The pointed teeth, between the incisors and
To cross and deface the lines of, blot out, destroy, grinders, —
resembling a dog's teeth. See ToeTH.
obliterate, erase, abrogate, do away. (Print.) To Canister, kan'is-ter, n. A
basket of rushes, reeds,
suppress and reprint, —
n. (Print.) The suppression etc. a case for holding tea, coffee, etc. [L. canis-
;

and reprinting of a part of a work; the part thus al-
tered. [F. canceller, Law L. cancellare, to draw lines
across a deed, fr. L. cancellus, a grating, dim. of can-
cer, a crab s. rt. chancel, chancellor, etc.]
; Cancel-
lated, a. Marked with cross lines. Cancellation,
n. Act of, etc. (Math.) Operation of striking out
common factors.
Cancer, kan'ser, n. The crab. (Astron.) A sign in
the zodiac, denoting the northern limit of the sun's
course. (Med.) A livid, scirrhous tumor, usually
terminating in an ulcer, and rarely cured. [L.; Gr.
karkinos, Skr. karkata, a crab, fr. karkara, hard.]
Can'cerate. v. t. To grow into a cancer. Cancer-
a'tion, re. A growing cancerous. Can'ceroos, -us,
a. Like, consisting of, or affected with, cancer.
trurn, Gr. kanastron, wicker basket, fr. kane, kanna.
See Cane.] —
Can'ister-shot, n. (Mil.) A number
of small iron balls inclosed in a case fitting a gun.
— Canker. See under Cancer.
— Cannabin, -bine, kan'na-bin, n. (Chem.) poison- A
ous resin extracted irom hemp (Cannabis Indica),
giving hasheesh its narcotic effects. [See Canvas.]
Cannel-coal. kan'nel-kol, n. hard black coal, which A
burns with a clear flame. [Corrupt, of candle-coal
Prov. E. cannel, candle. See under Candle.]
Cannibal, kan r nf-bal, n. One who eats human flesh;
— a man-eater. [Sp. canibal, corrupt, of Caribal, a
— Carib, Caribbean, assimilated to Sp. canino, vora-
— cious, fr. L. canis, dog.] Can'nabalism. -izm, n. —
— Actor practice of etc. murderous cruelty.
, ;

Cancriform, kan'krT-fGrm, a. Crab-shaped like a ;

':aii'un,». A
hollow metal cylinder closed
cancer; cancerous. —
Cancrine, kan'krin, a. Having
the qualities of a crab. —
Canker, kan'ker, n. An
ulcer in the mouth anything that corrupts or cor-
;

rodes. (Hort.) A disease in trees. (Far.) A disease

of horses' feet. The dog-rose a caterpillar. v. t. ; —
[-kered (-kerd), -kering.] To corrode, eat, cor-
rupt, infect. —
v. i. To become venomous; to waste
away, grow rusty. — Can-Tiered, -kgrd. a. Crabbed,
venomous, or malignant, in temper. — Can'kerous,
Corroding like, etc. — Can'ker-rash, re.
-ur, a.
A, cascabel; B, first re-en- of the muzzle F. trunn I ;

force C, second re-en- ion G, rim-base a. base-

(Med.) A form of scarlet-fever, in which the throat ; ; ;

force; D, chase; E, swell ring; b, base of the breech.,

becomes ulcerated, —-worm, re. A worm destructive |

of trees and plants; span-worm; green-looper. at one end, for throwing balls by the force of gun-
Candelabrum. See under Candle. powder. (Mech.) A hollow cylindrical piece, inclos-
Candid, kan'did, a. Orig. white free from bias im- ; ; ing a revolving shaft. [F., fr. L. canna, reed, tube.
partial; open; frank; equitable. [F. candide, white, See Cane.] — Cannonade, -ad', n. Act of attacking
bright, also sincere, innocent. L. candidus, white, with balls from cannon, —v. t. To attack with ar-
shining, bright, fr. cande>-e, Skr. chand, to shine.] — tillery^— v. i. To discharge cannon. Cannoneer', —
Can'didly, adv. — Can'didness, re. — Can'dent, a. -ier', -er, n. An artillery-man. — Can'nonry, -rT, n.
Heated to whiteness; glowing with heat. Can-
didate, -dT-dat, n. One who seeks or is proposed for
office or preferment. [L. candidatus, clothed in
— Cannon
A ball to
collectively
be thrown from, etc.
Can'non-ball, n.
artillery.
shot, n.
;

ball; the distance a cannon will throw balls.

cannon- —— A
white, —
the dress of such applicants in Rome.] — Cannot, kan 'not. To be unable, [can and not. usu
Can /'didacy, -di-da-si, -dature, -da-chur, -dateship, ally united in writing and printing.]
-dat-ship, re. Position of. etc. Caa'dor, -der, n. — Cannular, kan'u-lar, a. Having the form of a tube ;
Freedom fr. prejudice or disguise ; sincerity. [L.] tubular [L. cannula, dim. of canna. reed, tube.]
Candle, kan'dl, re. Tallow, wax. spermaceti, paraf- Canny, kan'nY, a. Gentle; cautious; harmless; good.
fine, etc.. inclosing a wick, "nd used to furnish [Scot.; Ic. kanna, to know.]
light. [AS. candet, L. candeln, fr. candere. See Canoe, ka-noo', re. A boat formed of a tree trunk ex-
Candid.] —
Can'dle-mas, re. The festival of the cavated or of bark or skins. [Sp. canoa. a Caribbean
purification of the Virgin Mary, held Feb. 2, when word.]
manv candles were burned. [AS candelmxsse.] Canon, kan'un, n. A law or rule, esp. an ecclesias-
— A
bright-burning coal; cannel- the gen-
CaH'dle-coal, n.
coal. —
light, re. The light of, etc. nut, n. The
fruit of a Pacific island shrub, which burns with a
— tical law, or rule of doctrine or discipline
uine books of the Scriptures a catalogue of saints.
(MusA A continued fugue ue a round. One who
;
;

bright flame its oil is exported for soap-making. — holds a prebend in a ca-
;
;

Aa
—
:

-stick, re. A
utensil to hold, etc. Candela'brum, thedral, etc. (Print.) The
n. ; L. pi. -bra, -bra, E. pi. -brums. tall candle- A largest size of type having
stick: stand for supporting lamps: chandelier. [L.] a specific name, former- —
— Chandelier, shan-de-ler', n. A frame with ly used for printing the
branches for candles or other lights. [F.l — Chand- canons of the church.
ler,chand'ler, re. One who makes or sells candles, [AS. and L., a rule, law ;

also other commodities indicated by a word pre- Gr. kanon, a rod, measur-
fixed, as corn-chandler, ship-chandler. [OF. chande- ing rule, also arni»<"
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; Xn, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 CANON 73 CAPIAS
model, standard of See Cane.]
right.Can'oness, — allot separate quarters to, as to troops. [F., a corner,
n. A woman who enjoys a prebend. Canon'ic, — a canton, LL. cantonum, a region, province, fr. canto,
-ical. a. Pert, to a canon according to the canon or a squared stone, a province.] —
Can'tonal, a. Pert.
—
;

— — etc. — Can'tonize,
— Can'tonment, n. A division ofToa divide
rule. Canon'ically, adv. Canon'icalness, n. to, or divided into, v. t.
Canon'ieals, -alz, n. pi. Full clerical dress. Ca- — into, etc. town,
non'icate. -ik-at, Gan'onry. -rt, -onship, n. The etc., assigned to particular troops.
office of a canon. —
Canonicity, -is'l-tl, n. State Canton ftannel.JSee Cotton-flannel, under Cotton.
of belonging to the canon, or genuine books of Cantoon, kan-toon', n. A kind of strong: fustian.
Scripture canonicalness. Can'onist, n. pro-— A Canvas, kan'vas, n. A coarse cloth of hemp or flax,
;

fessor of canon law. —

Canonist'ic, a. Pert, to a for tents, sails, painting, etc. the sails of a vessel.;

canonist. —Can'onize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -iz- [F. canevas, LL. canabacius, canvas, fr. L. cannabis,
ING.] {Rom. Cath. Church.) To place upon the Gr. kannabis, Skr. cana. Per. kanab. hemp.] Can r - —
catalogue of saints. —
Canomza'tion, n. Ceremony vas-back, n. (Ornith.) A
species of sea-duck, named
or act of placing one deceased in the catalogue of from the markings of its plumage. Can'vass, v. t. —
saints ; state of being canonized. Can'on law. — [canvassed (-vast), -vassing.] To sift, strain, exam-
(Eccl.) The law sanctioned by the church of Rome. ine thoroughly, discuss, debate; to go through in the
Canon, Canyon, kan'yun, n. gorge, ravine, or A way of solicitation. v. i. —
To solicit votes or inter-
gulch, worn by streams. [Sp. canon, tube or hollow.] est. — n.
Close inspection to know the state of: ex-
Canopy, kan'o-pi. n. A
covering over a throne, bed, amination in the way of discussion a solicitation :

etc., or overhead. (Arch.) An ornamental projec- or effort to obtain something. [Orig., to sift through
tion over doors, windows, niches, etc. v. t. [cano- — canvas.] —
Can'vasser, n. One who solicits votes or
pied (-pid), -pying.1 To cover with, etc. [I cono- . subscriptions, or examines returns of votes.
pe'e; Gr. konopeion, an Egyptian bod with mosquito- Canyon. See Canon.
nets, fr. konops, gnat, mosquito.] Canzone, Canzonet. _See under Cantata.
Cant, kant, v. t. To incline, or place upon edge, as a Caoutchouc, koo'chook, n. An elastic substance, ob-
cask: to give a sudden turn or impulse to; to cut off tained fr. the juice of several tropical plants: India
an angle from. —
n. An inclination from a horizon- rubber: gum elastic. [F., fr. Caribbean cauchuc.] —
tal line ; a thrust, push, etc., with a jerk. [D., Dan., Caouf chine, -chin, -choucine, -choo-sin, u. A vola-
and Sw. kant, edge, margin, fr. D. kantre. to cant, tile liquid distilled from, etc.
upset, G. kante, corner/] Cantle, kan'tl, n. — A Cap, kap, n. A
covering for the head: a cover: top. v. —
fragment, corner, or edge of anything; the hind-bow t. [capped (kapt). capping.] To cover the top or end

of a saddle. [OF. cantel, fr. G. kante.] Cant'let, — of; to render complete, consummate: to provide with
n. A piece. —
Cantliook, n. lever with a hook A a cap. [AS. cseppe, LL. cappa, cape, cope, cap;
at the end, for canting, or turning over, heavy logs. perh. fr. L. capere, to contain.] To cap verses. To —
Cant, kant, v. i. To speak in a whining voice, or an af- name alternately verses beginning with a particular
fected, singing tone; to make whining pretensions to letter.— To set one's cap for. To seek a man's af-
goodness.— n. An affected mode of speaking; a word fections, with a view to marriage. Cap pa'per. —
or phrase hackneyed, corrupt, or peculiar to some Coarse, brown paper, used for making bags; fools-
profession; religious phraseology secret language of
gypsies, thieves, beggars, etc. a. Affected, inele- —
; cap, writing paper of a large size.
top sheaf of a stack of grain.
sheafi n. The
Cape, kap, n. Part —
—
gant, vulgar, —
said of language. [L. cantare, freq. of a garment, covering the shoulders; a cloak. [OF.
of canere, to sing.] —
Cant'er, n. Cant'ingly, adv. — cape, Pr., Sp., and Pg. capa, It. cappa, Ic. and Sw.
Can't, kant. A
colloq. contr. for can not. kapa, Dan. kappe, D. kap, G. kajme, fr. LL. cappa.]
Cantaloup, -loupe, kan'ta-loop, n. variety of musk- A —Caparison, ka-par'I-sun, n. The covering of a
melon. [Fr. Cantalupo, in Italy.] horse trappings gay clothing.
: : r. t. [-soned —
Cantalever, kan'ta-lev-er, Cantilever, kan'tt-, n. (-sund), -SONING.] To cover with, etc.: to dress. [Sp.
(Arch.) A
bracket to support caparazon, fr. capa.] —
Capoch. -pouch, ka-pooch'',
a balcony, eaves of a house, etc. n. A
monk's hood; the hood of a cloak. v. t. To —
[E. cant," slant, angle, and lev- cover with a hoodj^ to hoodwink or blind. [Sp. ca-
pucho.] —
Capote. -ot r n. long cloak for women; A
—
,

Cantankerous, kan-tan'ker-us, a. a hooded cloak for soldiers, sailors, etc. [F.] Cap'-
"Very vile or bitter perverse uchin', -u-shen r n. A
Franciscan monk, whose
malicious contentious.
:
;

Can- —
Cantalever.
; ,

dress includes a cowl; a hooded cloak for women;

tanTserousness, n. a kind of pigeon having hood-like feathers on the
Cantata, kan-ta/ta or -tafa, n. (Mm.) poem set to A head. [F. capucin, fr. capuce, hood, cowl.]
music. [It., fr. It. and L. cantare, to sing. See Capable, ka'pa-bl, a. Possessing ability, qualifica-
Cant.] — Cantab'ile, -T-la, Cantilena, -te-la'na, n. A tion, or susceptibility: able; fitted; effective; skill-
piece suited for singing a melodv. [It.]
; Can"- — ful. [F., fr. LL. capabUis, fr. L. capere, to hold,
ticle, -tl-kl. n. A
little song; pi. the Song of Solo- contain.] —
Capability, Ca'pableness, n.
mon, a book of the Old Testament. [L. canticulum, Capacious, ka-pa'shus. a. Havins capacity; spacious;
dim. of caniicum, a song.] —
Can'tillate, v. t. To extended: having ability to take large views of things;
chant. [L. cantillare, dim. of cantare.] Can'til- — broad; comprehensive: liberal. [L. capax, capacis,
lation. n. Chanting. —
Can'to, n. ; pi. Can'tos, -toz, fr. capere.] —
Capa'ciously, adv. Capa'ciousness, —
A chief division, or book, o-f a poem. (Jfus.) The n. —
Capacitate, -pas'I-tat, v. t. To render capable,
soprano, or highest part. [It.] Can'tor, n. The — qualify. —
Capacity, -tl, n. Power of receiving or
leader of a choir precentor. [L., singer.] Can / - — containing; extent of room or space; ability: element
toral. a. Pert, to, etc.
;

—
Canzo'ne, -na, n. song A of power condition or circumstances 'character.
; :

or air in 2 or 3 parts, with passages of fugue and (Law.) Aptitude or qualification as of age, resi-
imitation. [It.] —
Canzonet', n. A little song, in dence, etc. (Georn.) The solid contents of a body.
,

1, 2, or 3 parts. [It., dim., of canzone.] Cap-a-pie, kap / a-pe /'. From head to foot. [OF.]
Canteen, -tine, kan-ten', n. A
soldier's vessel for car- Caparison. See under Cap.
rying liquor. [F. cantine, fr. It. cantina, a cellar, Cape, kap. n. Part of a garment covering the shoul-
dim. of canto, a part, corner, angle, G. kante. See
—
ders. [See under Cap.] —A
neck of land extending
Cant.] Cantiniere, -ten'yar, n. female sutler A ; into the sea; a headland. [F. cap, It. capo, head-
a vivandiere. [F.] land, cape, fr. L. caput, head.]
Canter, kan'ter, n. An easy gallop. v. i. [can- — Capellet, kap'el-et, r(. (Far.) wen-like swelling on A
teeed, (-terd), -teeing.] To move, as a horse, in a horse's hock. [F. capelet.]
a canter. — v. t. To ride upon, etc. [Abbr. of Can- Caper, ka'per, v. i. To leap or jump about, spring,
terbury gallop, the pace of easy-going pilgrims.] dance. n. — A
frolicsome leap; a skip: jump. [If.
Canterbury, kan'te'r-ber 7 !, n. stand for music, A C'lpriolare, to caper, leap like a goat, fr. capriolo,
portfolios, etc. kid, dim. of caprto, roe-buck, wild goat, L. caper,
Cantharis, kan'tha-ris, n. ; pi. -thaeides, -thar'T-dez. capra, wild goat.] —
Cap'riole, -rl-ol, n. leap that A
(Entom.) A
coleopterous insect or beetle, used for a horse makes without advancing: a caper in dan-
blistering: Spanish fly. [L. and Gr.] cing: a lady's head-dress. [F., fr. It. capriola, leap
Canticle, Canto, Cantor, etc. See under Cantata. of a kid: s. rt. cabriolet.]
Cantine. See Canteen. Caper, ka'per, n. (Bot.) The flower-bud or unex-
Cantle, Cantlet. See under Cant. panded flower of the caper-bush, used for pickling.
Canton, kan'ton or kan-ton', n. small portion of A [F. capre, L. capparis, Gr. kapparis. Per. kabar.] —
territory, constituting a government: a part, or di- Ca'per bush, C. tree. A
genus of low shrubs, some
vision. — v. t. [cantoned (kan'tond or kan-tond'), of which produce berries, and others pods.
-toning.] To divide into districts or portions; to Capias, ka'pi-as, n. (Laiv.) writ or process order-A
sun, cube, full ; moon, cow- oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 :

CAPILLARY 74 CAPTIOUS
ing the arrest of the person named in it: writ of ca- a ditch for its defense by fire-arms; often serving as
pias. [L., thoumayst take, fr. capere,to take.] a covered passage-way. [F. caponniere.]
Capillary, kap'il-la-rl or ka-pil'la-rt, a. Resembling Caporal, kap'o-ral, n. A
kind of smoking tobacco.
a hair; long and slender; pert, to capillary tubes or [F., a corporal.]
vessels. —
Capillary, n. A
fine vessel or canal; esp. Capot, ka-pot',- n. A winning of all the tricks of
one of the vessels connecting arteries and veins. [L. cards at the game of piquet. [Perh. abbr. lr caput
capillus, hair; s. rt. L. caput, head.]— Capillary at- mortuum, q. v.; perh. fr. Heb. kapjjoreth, »A.piatory
traction and repulsion. The cause of the aseent or sacrifice, a curse.]
descent of a fluid in a capillary tube which is dipped Capreolate, kap're-o-lat, a. (Bot.) Having tenants
in a surrounding fluid. —
Capillarity, -lar'l-tl, n. or spiral claspers. [L. capreolus, wild goat, tendril.]
State of being, etc. —
Capillaceou3, -la'shus, a. Caprice, ka-pres', n. Sudden or unreasonable change
Having long filaments ; resembling hair. Capil'- — of mind; fickleness; freak; whim vagary. [F.; It. ;

lament, n. Afilament or hair-like fiber. capriccio, caprezzo, a caprice; perh. fr. It. caprio,
Cap it a 1 j capital s. (frisk of) a goat; perh. fr. It. capo, heat, and rezzo,
ague-fit.] —
Capricious, -prish'us, a. Governed by
—
caprice unsteady; captious. Capri'ciously, adv.
— —
;

Capri'ciousness, n. Capric'cio, -pret'cho, n.

(Mus.) A
loose, irregular composition. [It.]
Capricorn, kap'rt-kQrn, n. (Astron.) The 10th sigm
of the zodiac, which the sun enters at the winter
solstice, about Dec. 21st. [L. capricomus, horned
goat, fr. caper, goat, and conw, horn.] — Caprinca''-
tion, n. A
hastening of the ripening of fruit, esp.
of figs, practiced in the Levant. [L. caprificare, to
ripen figs by the stinging of the gall-insect, f r. cap-
rijieus, wild fig, fr. caper and ficus, fig.] Cap'ri- —
.form, a. Having the form of a goat. [L. forma,
form.]— Caprigenous, -prij'e-nus, a. Produced by
a goat. [L. genere, gignere, to produce.]
Capriole. See under Capek.
Capsicum, kap'sl-kum, n. A genus of plants produ-
cing red or Cayenne pepper. [NL., fr. capsa, box.
the pepper being in pods.] —
Cap'sicine, -st-sin, n.
(Chem.) The active principle of, etc.
Capsize, tap-siz', v. t. [-sized (-sizd'), -sizing]. To
upset or overturn, as a vessel. n. An overturn. —
[Perh. corrupt, of Sp. cabecear, to nod the head in
sleep, to pitch, fr. cabeza, the head, fr. L. caput.]
Capstan, kap'stan, n. (Naut.) machine to weigb A
anchor or draw up great weights,
operating with a cable wound
round it like a wheel and axle.
[F. cabestan, Sp. cabestrante, fr.
Doric. Ionic, cabestrar, L. capistrare, to tie
metropolis; a stock employed in trade, manufactures, with a halter, fr. Sp. cabestro,
etc.; means of increasing one's power; influence. L. capistrum, a halter, fr. L. ca-
[F. capital, LL. capitate, wealth, stock, fr. L. cap- per e, to hold.]
italist {Print.) A
letter such as is used at the be- Capsule, kap'su?, n. (Bot.) A
ginning of a sentence or proper name, and distin- seed-pod or pericarp. (Chem.)
guished by form A clay saucer for roasting or ^ p
or size from the ABCDEF
r\T\T^T^
K -n
ABCDEF melting samples of ores, etc.; an evaporating dish.
(Physiol.) A small membranous sac. A metallic
ofXefame^yp" Capitals -
SmaU Capitals "
ccvei for closing a bottle. A percussion cap. [F.
(Fort.) The line bisecting the salient angle of a rav- L. capsixla, little chest, dim. of capsa, chest, fr. ca-
elin. See Ravelin. —
Capitalist, n. man of A pere, to hold.] —
Cap'sular, -sulary, -T, a. Hollow,
large property. [F. capitalists.] —Capitalize, -Iz, v. like, etc.; pert, to, etc. —
Cap'suiate, dated, a. In-
t. To convert into capital, as money or stock: to com closed in, or as in, a chest, etc.
mence with a capital letter. — Capitalization, n Captain, kap'tan, n. The military officer command-
Act of converting, etc.; use of capital letters. — Cap ing a company or troop; also the commander of a
itally, adv. — Capita'tion, n. A numbering of per ship, foreman of workmen, etc.; a military leader;
Boris: a tax upon each head; poll-tax: capitation tax warrior. [OF. capitain, LL. capitaneus, capitanus,
[F.; LL. capitatio, L. caput. — Caplte, -T-te, n
fr. ] fr. L. caput.] —
Captain-general. (Mil.) A com-
A
(OE. Law.) tenure of land directly from the king mander-in-chief. —
C. -lieutenant. An officer, who,
[L., abl. case of caput.] with the rank of captain, and pay of lieutenant,
iapitol, kap'T-tol, n. The temple of Jupiter, in Rome commands a company or troop.
n. Rank, post, or commission of, etc.
Cap'taincy, -sY, — —
the edifice occupied by a legislature government- ; Cap'tainry,
house. [L. capitolium, fr. caput.] -rt, n. Chieftainship; captainship. Cap'tainship, —
Capitular, ka-pit'u-lar, a. Pert, to a chapter. (Bot.) n. Condition, rank, post, or authority of a captain;
Gr-swing in small heads, as dandelions. Capit'- — skill in military affairs.
*»\ar, -ulary, -u-la-rt, n. An act passed in a chapter Caption, kap'shun, n. (Law.) That part of a legal
J: knights, canons, etc.: a collection of laws or instrument which shows where, when, and by what
statutes ; a member of a chapter. —
Capifulary, a. authority, it was taken, found, or executed. The
Pert, to the chapter of a cathedral. [LL. capitula- heading of a chapter, section, or page. [L. captio,
rium, hook of decrees, capitulum, chapter of a book, fr. capere, to take, seize.]
cathedral chapter, dim. of L. caput.] Capifulate,— Captious, kap'shus, a. Apt to find fault or cavil;
-u-lat, v. i. To surrender on stipulated terms, as fitted to catch or perplex petulant; fretful. [F.
;

an army, etc. [LL. capitulare, to arrange in chap- captieur, fr. L. captiosus, sophistical, critical, fr.
ters, hence to propose terms.] —
Capit'ula'tion, n. captare, to snatch at, endeavor to take, freq. of ca-
A reducing to heads or articles; act of surrendering, pere.] —
Captiously, adv. Cap'tiousness, n.— —
etc. ;an instrument containing the terms of surren- Cap'tive, -tiv, n. A prisoner taken in war; one
der. — Capifula'tor, n. charmed or subdued by beauty, excellence, or affec-
Capivi, ka-pe've, n. A balsam. See Copaiba. tion. —
a. Made prisoner; kept in bondage; serv-
Capnomancy, kap'no-man-sY, n. Divination by the ing to confine; pert, to bondage. [L. captivus,fr.
motion of smoke. [Gr. kapnos, smoke, and manteia, capere.] —
Cap'tivate, v. t. Lit., to capture; to over-
divination.] power with excellence or beautv, fascinate. Cap —
Oapoch, Capouch, Capote. See under Cap. tiva'tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Captivity, -tiv'Y-tY, n.
Capon, ka'pn or ka'pun, n, A cock _relded to im- State of being a prisoner or under control ; sub-
prove his flesh for the table. [AS. capw
capun, D. kapoe jection. —
Cap'tor, -ter, n. One who takes, as a pri.+-
L. capo. Gr. kapon, a capon, fr. Gr. hoptein, to cut.]
,

oner or a prize. [L.] —

Capture, kap'chur, n. Act
— Ca'ponize, v. t. To castrate, as a fowl. of taking by force; seizure; thing taken. —v. * T»
Caponiere, kap-o-ner', n. (Fort.) A
work placed in take by force, surprise, or stratagem.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end. eve. term ; Yn, Ice ; odd, tone,
 CAPUCHIN 7b CARDINAL
Capuchin. See under Cap. base. — Car'bonated, a. Combined or impregnated
Caput Mortuum, ka'put-m&Vtu-um. Residuum of dis- with carbonic acid. — Carbonic, a. Of, or pert. to.
tillation or sublimation worthless residue. [L.,
: carbon. — Carbonic acid. An acid composed of 1
dead head.] part of carbon and 2 of oxygen, — a heavy gas, unfit
Car, kar, n. A
small vehicle moved on wheels; a rail- for respiration. — Carboniferous, -ifer-us, a. Pro-
road carriage; a chariot of war. [OF. car, char, fr. ducing, or containing, carbon or coal. [L. ferre, to
L. carrus, a four-wheeled carriage used in Gaul: bear.] — Car'bonize, [-ized (-Tzd),-iziko.] To
'v. t.
W. car, a raft, drag, Ga. car, cart, raft, Ir. can; cart, convert into carbon. — Car boniza 'tion, n. Act or
/ /

dray; s. rt. L. currus, chariot, fr. currere, to run, process of, etc. — Carbol'ic acid. A substance ob-
Skr. char, to move; also E. career, cargo, carack, tained by distillation of coal tar, used as an anti-
carpenter, charge, chariot.] —
Carry, kar'rT, v. t. septic and disinfectant; phenic alcohol; phenol.—
[carried (kar'rid), carrying.] To convey or trans- Car'bolene, -len, n. A
non-volatile hydrocarbon
port; to bear; to cause to move forward, "urge, im- used to increase the illuminating power of coal gas.
pel; to transfer from one place to another; to effect, — Car'bide, -bid, Car'buret, n. combination ofA
accomplish; to obtain possession of by force to ; carbon with some other substance, the resulting
bear the aspect of, exhibit, imply to behave, con- compound not being an acid or base. Car'bureted, —
duct, demean. v. t.—To convey or propel; to bear.
;

— a. Combined with, etc. —

Car'burize, -bu-riz, v. t.
[OF. carier, to carry, transport in a car, fr. car.] —
To combine with, etc., said of mingBng volatile
To carry coals to Newcastle. To take things where hydrocarbons with gas, to increase its illuminating
they already abound: to lose one's labor. To c. off. — power. —
Car'bnriza'tion, n. Act. process, or result
To kill. — Toe. on. To promote, help forward; to of, etc. —
Car'buret'or, n. An apparatus to, etc.
manage, prosecute; to behave boisterously. To c. — Carbonari. kar-bo-na're, n. pi. Members of an Ital-
out. £o put into execution, bring to a successful ian secret political society. [It., lit. coal-men.]
issue. —
Carrying trade. Freighting. Car'riage, — Carboy, kar'boi, n. A large glass bottle, inclosed in
-rij, n. Act of carrying conveyance; that which
: basket-work. [NGr. caraboyia, vitriol, which is sold
carries; a vehicle; manner of carrying one's self; de- in carboys.]
meanor: conduet. —
Car'riageable, -rij-a-bl, a. Pass- Carbuncle, kar'bun-kl, n. (Min.) A gem of a deep
able by carriages. — Car'rier, -rt-er, n. Carriole, — red color, with a mixture of scarlet. (Med.) A ma-
-T-ol, rt. A small open carriage. [It. carriuola, dim. lignant boil. [L. carbunculus, a small coal, gem,
of car.] — Car'ry-all, -rf-awl, rt. A light, four- boil, dim. of carbo, a (live) coal.] Car'buncled, —
wheeled one-horse covered vehicle. [Corrup. f r. cari- -kid, a. Set with the stone called carbuncle; hav-
oU.] — Cart, kart, n. A two-wheeled vehicle for ing a malignant boil: having red or inflamed spots.
loads. —
v. t. To carry in, etc. [AS. cruet tor cwrt, — Carbun'cnlar, a. Pert, to, etc ; red; inflamed.
—
;

W. cart, Ga. and Ir. cairt, dim. of car.] Carfage, Carcanet, kar'ka-net, n. A
chain or collar of jewels.
n. Act of, etc.; price paid for, etc. —
Cart'ar, *».—. [F. carcan, fr. Armor, kerchen, breast, bosom, circle
Cart'wright, -nt, «. A maker of, etc. of the neck, fr. kelck, circle, ring; perh. s. rt. L.
Carabine. See Carbine. ciVcws, circle, ring.]
Carack, Carxack, kar'ak. u. A large ship of burden, Carcass, Carcase, kar'kas, n. The dead body of an
formerly used by the Portuguese. [OF. carruque, animal: corpse: the body, in contempt; decaying re-
fr. LL. carraca, ship of burden, fr. carracare, to mains, as of a ship; the frame of a thing, unfinished
lade a car, fr. ~L._carrus, car.] or without ornament. (Mil. ) A
vessel holding com-
Caracole, kar'a-kol, n. A
halt turn made by a horse- bustibles, to be thrown from a mortar. [F. carcasse,
man. (Arch.) A
spiral staircase. v. i. To move — It. carcassa. a bomb, shell (shell body), corrupt, =
in, etc.: to wheel. [F. and Sp. caracol, a snail, hence fr. LL. tarcasins, a quiver.]
a spiral or twist.] Carcel Lamp, kar'sel-lamp. A la.np in which the oil
Carafe, ka-raf, n. A
glass decanter for the table or is raised through tubes by clock-work.
toilet. [F.] Card, kard, rt. A piece of "pasteboard or thick paper,
Caragheen. See Carbageen. for various uses; a published note of statement, ex-
Caramel, kar'a-mel, n. (Chem.) A black, porous sub- planation, request, etc.; a paper on which the pointa
stance obtained by heating sugar to about 400°. A of the compass are marked, v. i. —
To play at cards;
confection made of chocolate, butter, and molasses to game. [F. carte, a paper, card, fr.L. carta, ear-
or sugar. [L. canna, reed, and mel, honey.] lier charta, Gr. chartes, leaf of paper; s. rt. chart.]
Carapace, kar'a-pas, Car'apax, n. A thick shell, cov- — On the cards. Noted for consideration; possible.—
Card'-board, n Stiff pa per or pasteboard for making
ering the turtle's back; upper shell of crabs, etc. [F.
carapace, fr. Gr. karabos, a crustaceous animal.]
Carat, kar'at, n. A jewelers' weight of 4 grains,
cards. — .

case, n. A case for visiting cards. cat -

alogne.-log,rt. A catalogue, as of books in a library,
—
used in weighing precious stones; a l-24th part.
denomination used in determining the proportionate
a — having each item upon a separate card.
A table for playing cards on.
table, n. —
fineness of gold, which is supposed to be divided Card, kard, w. An instrument for combing wool or
into 24 equal parts. [F., fr. Ar. air-rat, a carat, the flax, or for cleaning the hair of animals. v. t. To —
24th of an ounce, or 4 barley-corns, Gr. keratian, the comb with a card; to mix, or debase by mixing. [F.
seed of the locust tree, nearly of this weight.] carde, LL. cardxts, fr. L. carduus, a thistle, car?re,
Caravan, kar'a-van or kar-a-van', n. A eompanv of to card wool.] —
Card'er, n. One who, etc Card'- —
travelers, pilgrims, etc., traveling together for se- ing-en'gine, -machine'', «. A
machine for comb-
curity: a large carriage on springs, or train of car- ing, breaking, and cleansing wool or cotton, and
riages, for conveying wild beasts, etc. [F. caravane, forming it into a roll.
fr. Per. karwan.] —
Caravan'sary, -*a-rt, -serai, -se- Cardamine. kar'da-min, n. A
genus of plants, con-
rl, n. An
Eastern inn, where caravans rest at night. taining the lady's-smock, cuckoo-flower, meadow-
[Per. saray, palace, public edifice, inn.] cress, etc. [L. cardamina.]
Caravel, kar'a-vel, Carvel, kar'vel, n. kind of A Cardamom, kar'da-mom, n. A leguminous plant of
light, round, old-fashioned ship: a boat used in the the East Indies, whose seeds are used in medicine.
French herring-fishery. [F. caravelle. It. caravela, [Gr. kardamomon.]
I., carabus, a light ship.] Cardiac, kar'dt-ak, -diacal, -di'ak-1, a. (Anat.) Pert,
Caraway, kar'a-wa, n. (Bot.) A
biennial aromatic to or resembling the heart, also to the upper orifice
plant of the parsley family, and its seed. A sweet- of the stomach. Exciting action in the heart,
meat containing caraway seeds. [Ar. karwiya, kara- through the medium of the stomach. Car 'diac, n. —
vsb/a, fr. Gr. karon, karbs, cumin.] (Med?) Amedicine which excites action in the
Carbine, kar'bin, Carabine, kar'a-bln, n. (Mil.) A stomach, and animates the spirits; a cordial. [Gr.
light musket used bv mounted troops. [F. carabin, km-diakos, fr. kardia, the heart.] —
Car'dial'gy, -dT-
fr. OF. calabrien, a light-armed soldier, fr. calobre, al'jt, n. Heartburn. [Gr. algos, pain.] Cardi- —
LL. chadabula, a war-engine for throwing stones, tis, n. Inflammation of the heart. CardioKogy, —
fr. Gr. kataballein, to strike down.] Carbineer, — n. (Anat.) A
treatise on, etc. [Gr. logos, discourse.]
kar-bT-ner', n. A
soldier armed with, etc. — Car'dioid. -dT-oid, n. (Math.) An algebraic curve,
Carbon, kar'bon, n. (Chern.) An elementary sub- shaped like a heart. [Gr. eidos, shape!]
stance, forming the base of charcoal, entering large- Cardinal, kar'dY-nal, a. Of fundamental importance;
ly into mineral coals and graphite, and in its pure preeminent chief principal.
: ; n. —
(Bom. Cath.
crystallized state constituting the diamond. [F. Church.) One of the ecclesiastical princes of the
carbone. fr. L. carbo. coal; perfi. s. rt. L. cremare, to pope's council. A woman's short cloak; mulled red
burn.]— CarbonaceonB, -na'shus, a. Pert. to. con- wine. [Ij.cardinalis, principal, chief; orig. pert, to
taining, or composed of, carbon. Car'bonate, n. — the hinge of a door, fr. cardo, a hinge, Gr. kradao,
A salt formed by the union of carbonic aeid with a I swing.] —
Cardinal numbers. The numbers 1,2, 3,

sun, cube, full; moon, f dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox. chair, get.
 CARDOON 76 CARPUS
etc., in distinction from first, second, third, etc. r
nal' ity, n. Sensuality. —
Car'nalize, -tz, v. t. [-nal-
which are called ordinal numbers. C. points. — IZEDd (-nal-Tzd), -izing.] To make carnal. Car'- —
(Geog.) North and south, east and west. C. vir- — nally, adv. —
Car'nal-mind'ed, a. Worldly-minded.
tues. (Antiq.) Prudence, justice, temperance, and — Car'nary, -na-ri:, n. A
vault or crypt of a church,
fortitude. —
Car'dinalate, -at, -ship, n. Office, rank, containing human remains; a charnel-house. Car- —
etc., of a cardinal. Car'dinal bird. — bird hav- A na'tion, n. Flesh-color. (Paint.) That part of a
ing scarlet plumage, of the hue of a cardinal's robes. picture which represents undraped flesh. (Bot.)
flow'er, n. A
herbaceous plant, bearing bril- A species of clove-pink. [F., fr. L. carnatio, flesh-
liant red flowers. iness, fr. caro.~\ —
Car'neous, -us, a. Consisting of,
Cardoon, kar-doon'', n. A
salad plant, resembling the or like, flesh. —
Car'ney, -ni, n. (Far.) disease A
artichoke. [L. carduus, thistle.] of horses, in which the mouth is so furred that they
are,kar, n. Charge or oversight, implying re responsi- cannot eat. [L. carneus.'] Car'nifica'tion, n.— A
_
bility; attention or heed; caution; solicitude; watch- turning to flesh. —
Car'nify, -fi, v. i. To form flesh. —
fulness; burdensome sense of responsibility trou CarniVora, -o-ra, n. pi. An order of animals which
ble; the object ©f attention or anxiety. v.i. [cared — ;

subsist on flesh. [L. carnirorus, flesh-eating, fr. vo-

(kard), caring.] To be anxious or solicitous; to be rare, to devour.] —
Carniv'orous, -rus, a. Flesh-
concerned; to be inclined or disposed. [AS. cam, eating. — Carnos^ity, -nos-t-ti, n. fleshy excres- A
cearu, OS. and Goth, kara, sorrow, care, fr. Goth. cence; fleshiness. —
Caruncle, kar-un'kl, n. (Anat.)
karon, to sorrow; not s. rt. L. cura, care.] Care'ful, — A small fleshy excrescence. (Bot.) An appendage
-ful, a. Attentive thoughtful cautious full of : at the hilum or scar of a seed. (Zobl.) naked A
—
;

—
;

care or solicitude. Care'fully, adv. Careful- fleshy excrescence on a bird's head. [L. caruncula,
ness, n. —
Care'less, a. Having no care; inatten- dim. of caro.~\ —
Carun'cular, -culate, a. Pert, to,
tive negligent heedless unthinking ; free from
; or formed like, etc.
—
; ;

anxiety . —
_Care , lessly, adv. Carelessness, n. Carnelian. See Cornelian.
Careen, ka-ren', v. t. (Naut.) To heave on one side, Carnival, kar'nt-val, n. A
festival celebrated before
as a ship, to calk, repair, cleanse, etc. v. i. To in- — Lent. [F. carnaral, It. carnovale, carnevale, fr. L.
cline to one side. [OF. came, carene, L. carina, caro, carnis, flesh, and levare, to lighten, mitigate;
keel of a ship.] —
Careen'age, w. Place where, etc.; not fr. L. vale, farewell.]
cost of, etc. Carob, kar'ob, n. A
leguminous evergreen tree, of
Career, ka-rer r n. A race-course rapidity of mo- Spain, Italy, and the Levant. [Ar. kharrab.]
tion
,

a race course_ of proceeding procedure.

;

— Carol, kar'ol, n. A
song of joy or mirth; a lay; a de-
—
: ; ;

v. i. [careered (-rerd'), careering.] To move votional song. v. t. [caroled (-old), -oling.] To

rapidly. [F. camere, a road, place for horseback celebrate in song. —
v. i. To sing in joy or festivity;
exercise, OF. cariere, a road, fr. carier, to carry in warble. [OF. carole, a sort of dance, carolle, a Christ-
a car. See Car.] mas song, Armor, koroll, a dance, Corn, carol, a
Careful, Careless, etc. See under Care. choir, concert, W. carol, a song, fr. caroli, to carol,
Caress, ka-res', v. t. [caressed (-rest''), caressing.] also coroli, to move in a circle, to dance, fr. cor, a
To treat with fondness, affection, or kindness; to circle, choir.]
fondle. —
n. Act of endearment. [F. caresse, f r. LL. Carotid, ka-rofid, n. (Anat.) One of the 2 large ar-
caritia, dearness, fr. L. cams, dear Skr. kam, to love; teries conveying blood to the head.— Carat'id, -idal,
s. rt. charity, amorous.]
{
Cares'singly, adv. — a. Pert, to, etc. [Gr. karotides, fr. karos, sleep,
Caret, ka'rec, n. (Print.) mark [A] indicating A torpor, the ancients believing that stoppage of their
something omitted, either interlined above, or in- circulation caused sleep.]
serted in the margin. [L., there is wanting, fr. ca- Carouse, ka-rowz', v. i. [caroused (-rowzd'), ca-
rere, to want.] rousing.] To drink abundantly, —v. t. To drink
Cargo, kar'go, n. ; pi. Car'goes, -goz. The lading or freely or jovially. n. — A
drinking match or season
freight of a ship. [Sp. cargo, carga, burden, load, of carousal. [F. carous, Sp. caraos, fr. G. garaus,
fr. cargare, to load, charge.] adv., lit. right out, i. e., the instant emptying of a
Caribou, kar'T-boo, n. The American reindeer. [Can- bumper, fr. gar, completely, and aus, out.] Ca- —
adian name.] rous'al, n. A
jovial feast; banquet; merry making.
Caricature, kar'Y-ka-choor', n. The exaggeration of — Carous^er, n.
that which is characteristic; a picture or description Carp, karp, v. i. To censure, cavil, or find fault, esp.
in which peculiarities are so exaggerated as to ap- without reason. [Ic. and Sw. karpa, to boast,
pear ridiculous. —
v.t. [-tured (-choord r ), -Tur- wrangle.] — Carp'er, n.
ing.] To make a caricature of. Tit. caricatura, a Carp, karp, w. A
family of soft-finned, fresh-water
satirical picture, fr. caricare, to load, burden, blame, fishes. [D. karper, Dan.
LL. carricare, to load a car. See Car.] Carlca- — karpe,Sw.karp, F. carpe,
turlst, n. One who, etc. LL. and Sp. carpa.]
Caries, ka'rY-ez, n. (Med.) An ulceration of bone. Carpal. See under Carpus.
[L., rottenness.] —
Ca'rious, -rT-us, a. Affected with, Carpel, kar'pel, n. (Bot.)
etc. —
Cariosity, -tT, n. Caries. A simple pistil, or one of
Carinate, kar'I-nat, -nated, a. (Hot.) Shaped like the parts of a compound
the keel of a ship. [L. carina-
tus, fr. carina, keel.]
pistil. [NL., dim. fr. Gr.
karpos, fruit.] Car'- —
~
^ arp m -

Cariole. See under Car. polite, -po-lit, n. A petrified fruit. [Gr. lithos, stone.]
Carl, karl, n. A
rude, rustic, — Car'pology, -it, n. The branch of botany treat-
rough man a kind of hemp.
; ing of seeds and fruit. [Gr. logos, discourse.], —
[AS. carl, Ic. karl, man, G. kerl, Carpophagous, -pof'a-gus, a. Subsisting on fruit;
fellow.] fruit-eating. [_Gr. phagein, to eat.]
Carline, kar'lin, Car'ling, n. Carinated leaf.
Carpenter, kar'pen-ter, n. worker in timber; aA
(Naut.) A timber, ranging fore and aft, from one framer and builder of houses, ships, etc. [OF. car-
deck beam to another, directly over the keel, serving pentier, LL. carpentrn-ius, fr. carpentare, to work in
as a foundation for the body of the ship. [F. car- timber, esp. in carriage-making. See Car.] Car'- —
lingue, Sp., Pg., and It. carlinga.] pentry, -tri, n. Art of cutting, framing, and join-
Carmelite, kar'mel-it, n. A monk of the order of ing timber timbers connected by being framed to-
;

Mount Carmel, Syria; a kind of pear. gether, etc.

Carminative, kar-min^a-tiv, a. Expelling wind from Carpet, kar'pet, n. A
heavy fabric for covering floors.
the body; warming. n. (Med.) —
medicine tend- A — v. t. To cover with, etc. [OF. carpite, fr. char-
ing to expel wind, or to remedy colic and flatulen- pie, lint; LL. carpeta, carpita, thick filoth, dim. of
cies. [L. carminare, to card, hence, cleanse.] carpia, lint, fr. L. carpere, to pluck, pull in pieces.]
Carmine, kar'min, n. A
pigment of crimson color, — Carpet knight. One who has not known the hard-
prepared from cochineal. [F. and Sp. carmin, ships of the field. —
On the carpet. Under consid-
contr. i'r. Sp. oarmesin, crimson, fr. carm.es, cochi- eration; subject of deliberation. Car 'pet-bag, n. —
neal; Ar. qirmiz, crimson.] A traveling-bag, —
orig. made of carpet. Car'pet- —
Carnage, kiir'nej, n. The flesh of slain animals; ing, n. Materials for carpets: carpets in general.
slaughter; massacre: havoc. [F., fr. 'L.caro, carnis, Carphology, kar-fol'o-ji, n. (Med.) A delirious pick-
Gr. kreas, Skr. krarya, raw flesh; s. rt. carcass, car- ing at bed-clothes, etc., an alarming symptom —
rion, charnel, crude.] —
Car'nal, a. Pert, to flesh; in acute diseases floccillation. [Gr. karpos, thing
;

fleshly; sensual: given to sensual indulgence; lust- plucked, and legein, to pick.]
ful; lecherous: libidinous. [L. carnalis, fr. caro.~\ Carpolite, Carpology, etc. See under Carpel.
— Car'nalist, n. One given to sensuality. Car- — Carpus, kar'-pus, n. That part of the skeleton form

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; Sdd, tone, dr ?
 CARRACK 77 CASSAVA
ing the wrist, consisting of 8 bones, in 2 rows. [NL., to contain, hold; rt. cush, chase.]
s. Casing, n. —
fr. Gr. karpos, wrist.] —
Car'pal, a. Pert, to, etc. Act of covering any object with a thin substance-,
Carrack. See Carack. an outside covering. — Case'-knife, -nlf n. A large
Carrageen, kar-ra-gen", -rigeen', n.
weed, used for jellies, etc.; Irish moss.
kind of sea- A table knife,
(Mil.) A
—
formerly kept in a case.
case containing small projectiles.
,

——worm,
shot, n.

Carriage, Carrier, etc. See under Car. -werm, n. A grub or worm that makes itself a case;
Carrion, kar'rl-un, n. Dead and putrefying flesh. — caddis-worm. —
Case'harden, -har-dn, v. t. To hard-
a. Pert, to, or feeding on, etc. [OF. caroigne, char- en, as iron, by converting the surface into steel.
oigne, LL. caronia, a carcass, fr. L. caro, flesh. See -hardened, -dend, p. a. Having the surface con-
Carnage.] verted into steel; hence, impervious to pity, shame,
Carrom, kar'um, n. (Billiards.) The act of hitting etc. —
Case'ment, n. A hinged window case or
two balls at once_with the ball struck by the cue. frame; a hollow molding. [Abbrev. fr. encasement*
Carronade, kar-un-ad', n. A
short cannon, formerly fr. OF.
encasser, to incase, inclose.]
used on ships. [Fr. iron works at Can-on, Scotland.] Case, kas, n. That which falls, comes, or happens; an
Carrot, kar'ut, n. A
plant having an esculent root. event; circumstance; a particular instance; situa-*
[L. carota.] —
Car'roty, -T, a. Like a carrot in color; tion; state; plight; a state of facts involving a ques-
reddish-yellow. tion for discussion, esp. a cause in court. (Gram.)
Carry, Cart, Carter, etc. See under Car. The form of nouns, indicating their relations to the
Carte, fcart, n. A
thrust at the inside of the upper sentence. [F. cos, fr. L. casus, a fall, accident, case,
part the body in fencing. [F. quarte, fr. L. quar-
oi. fr. cadere, to fall; s. rt. casual^casuist, etc.]
tus, fourth.] Caseine, ka'se-in, n. (Chem.) The curd or coagula*
Carte, kart, n. A
bill of fare at a hotel. [F., a card. See ble part of milk; the basis of cheese. [L. caseus,
Card.] —
Carte-blanche, -blaxsh, n. blank paper, A cheese.] —
Ca'seous, -se-us, a. Pert, to, or like,
signed, to be filled up as the holder pleases; uncon- cheese.
ditional terms; unlimited authority. [F.; blanche, Casemate, kas'mat, n.
white.] —
C. -de-visite, de-ve-zef, n. photographic A (Fort.) A bomb-proof
picture of the size of a visiting card. [F.] Cartel, — chamber from whicli
kar-teKor kar'tel, n. (Mil.) A
writing or agreement cannon may be fired
between belligerents, as for exchange of prisoners. through embrasures.
[F. and Sp.. It. cartello, dim. of It. and L. carta. [F.; It. casamatta, fr.
See Card.]— Cartel, or cartel-ship. ship employed A cat* a a house, and
,

in exchanging prisoners, or in negotiating with an matta, mad, foolish

enemy. —
Cartog r raphy, n. Art of making charts — Case'mated, c

or maps. [Gr. chartes, leaf of paper, and graphein, Furnished with, o Casemate.
to write.] —
Car'ton, n. Pastehoard; cardboard; a built like, etc.
A
B, Casemate. A gun at B
box of, etc. [F.] —
Cartoon, -toon', n. (Paint.) A Casern ka'zern n \
lodging for soldiers in ^ ould n F e tthr0U Sh the em
'
design on strong paper, to be painted in fresco. A ™
a .S un ^i, .

garrison towns: bar- bra re »? the

colored design for mosaic, tapestrv, etc. [It. cartone,
aug. of L. carta.] —
Car'tulary, -la-rT, n. register- A racks. [It. casa, house, at C
over
uld flre n barbette, or
e % D, a para-
parapet.
™
book of a monastery, etc. a keeper of eccl. records.
; cottage. l^
[LL. chartula, a document, dim. of L. charta, carta.] Cash, kas] i. Coin or pet; E, scarp- wall, the outer
/artesian, kar-te r zhan, a. Pert, to the French philos- specie, —
also bank- face of which is the scarp;
opher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. n. fol- — A notes or paper con- a b, terre-plein.
lower of, etc. vertible into money; Chinese copper coin, perfo-
,

Carthusian, kar-thoo'zhan, n. One of a religious or- rated and strung ona thread, worth about one tenth
der named fr. Chartreux, France. a. Pert, to, etc. — of a cent. v.t. —
[cashed (kashd), cashing.] To
Cartilage, kar'tT-lej, n. (Anat.) A smooth, whitish, turn into cash; exchange for money. [F. casse, a
elastic substance: gristle. [F. L. cartilago.] ;Car'- — box (to keep money in), fr. L. capsa. See Case.] —
tilag'inous, -laj'T-nus, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. Cash'-book, n. A
book in which to register money
Cartouche, kar-toosh /',n. (Arch.) A scroll-shaped tab- received or paid. boy, -girl, n. messenger in a A
let; a modillion. (Mil.) A case of paper, etc., hold- store, to carry money from salesmen to cashier, pro-
ing a charge for a fire-arm; the box containing the cure change, etc.— Cash balance. (Book-keeping.)
charge; a case filled with balls, to be shot from a The amount on the debtor side of the cash account.
cannon; a soldier's ticket of leave or dismission. [F., — C. price. The price at which a thing will be sold
fr. It. cartoccio, a roll of paper, cartridge, fr. It. and for immediate payment, —
opp. to the price if sold
L. carta, paper. See Card.] —
Car'mdge, -trij, n. on credit. —
C. sales. Sales made for ready money;
(Mil.) A
case of paper, pasteboard, etc., containing stocks sold for delivery on the day of transaction. —
a charge for a fire-arm. [Orig. cartrage, corrupt, of Cashier, -er', n. One in charge of the money, ac-
F. cartouche.] —
Blank cartridge. A
cartridge with- counts, payments, etc., in a bank, etc. a cash-keeper. ;

out a ball. —
Cartridge-bag, n. A
bag containing Cashew, ka-shoo"', n. A
South American tree of the
— A sumac family. [F. acajou, corrupt, of acajaiba, the
tridges. —
the charge for a cannon, -box, n.
paper, n. A thick kind of paper.
Caruncle, etc. See under Carnage.
case for car-
Brazilian name.]
Cashier, kash-er', v. t. [cashiered (-erd'), cashier-
Carve, karv, v. t. [carved (karvd), carving.] To ing.] To dismiss from an office or place of trust,
cut, as wood, stone, etc., in a decorative manner; by annulling the commission of; to discard from
to shape by cutting; to cut into pieces; to distribute service or from society. [G. cassiren, to cashier, fr
or apportion to. v. i.— To exercise the trade of a F. casser, to break, burst, fr. L. cassare, to bring to
carver; to cut up meat. [AS. ceorfan, D. kerven, nothing, annul, fr. cassus, empty.] Cassa'tion, n. —
Dan. karve; s. rt. grave.] —
Carv'er, a. Carving, — Act of annulling. —
Court of cassation. The high-
n. Act or art of, etc. device or figure carved.
; est court of appeal in France.
Carvel. See under Caravel. Cashmere, kash'mer, n. A
kind of shawl, orig. made
Caryates, ka-rf-a'tez, -atides, -at'T-dez, n. pi. (Arch.) in Cashmere, in Asia; a woolen stuff imitating true
Figures of women, serving as columns to support cashmere. —
Cashmeref, n. kind of ladies' dress A
entablatures. [L. Carp at es, Gr. Karuatidvx, women goods, in imitation of, etc.
of Caryae, priestesses of Diana.] —
Caryat'ic, -at'id, Cashoo. Same as Catechu.
a. Of, or pert. to. etc. Casino, ka-se'no, n. A
small country house; a club-
Cascabel, kas'ka-bel, n. That part of a cannon back house. [It., dim. of casa, house.] Cassino^se'no, —
of the base-ring. See Cannon. [L. scabellum, a n. A game at cards.
Castanet.] Cask, kask, n. A close vessel for liquids, made of
Cascade, kas-kad', n. A
waterfall. [F.; It. cascata, staves, hoops, etc.; quantity contained in a cask. .

waterfall, f r. cascare, to fall, fr. L. casare, to totter, [Sp. casco, a skull, coat (of an onion), cask, helmet.]
fr. cadere, to fall.] — Casque, Cask, kask, n. piece of defensive ar-A
Cascarilla, kas-ka-rilla, n. A
plant of Jamaica, mor for the head and neck a helmet. [F. casque, ;

whose bark is used in medicine as a tonic. [Sp., dim. Sp. casco.]

of cascara, peel, bark.] Casket, kask'et, n. A
small chest or box, for jewels,
Caae, kas, n. A
covering, box, or sheath; thsit which etc. a coffin. [Corrupt, fr. F. cassette, small chest,
;

incloses or contains; quantity contained in a box. dim. of casse. See Case and Cash.]
(Print.) A
frame subdivided into " boxes "_to hold Cassada. Same as Cassava.
type for the compositor. r. t. —
[cased (kast), ca- Cassation. See under Cashier.
sing.] To cover with or put in a c.ise. [F. caisse, Cassava, kas'sa-va, n. (Bot.) species of manihot, A
OF. cas.se. L. capsa, receptacle, box, cover, fr. capere. yielding tapioca. [Haytian kasabi.]

sun, cube, full : moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 J : — ;

CASSE-PAPER
©asee-paper, kas'se-pa'per, Broken paper; the out-
side quires of ream. [F. papier cassd.]
Cassia, kash'a, n. (Bot?) A
genus of leguminous
plants, including senna; a species of laurel. {Com.)
The cheaper kinds of cinnamon. [L.; Gr. kasia,
Heb. qetsVoth, cassia-bark, fr. qatsa, to cut, the
bark being cut or peeled off.]
Cassidony, kits' si-do-nl, u- {Bot.) species of cot-A
tonweed, cudweed, or goldy-locks; also, of French
lavender. [Fr. Chalcedon, in Bithynia.j
Cassimere, kas'sY-mer, n. A
twilled woolen cloth, for
men's garments. [Corrupt, of cashmere.]
C&ssiterite, kas-sifgr-it, n. Oxide of tin, the ordi- —
nary tin ore. [Gr. kassiteros, tin.]
Cassius, kash'Y-us, n. A
purple pigment, obtained
from chloride of gold. [Discoverer's name.]
Cassock kas'sok, n. (Eccl.) A
clergyman's garment,
worn under the surplice or gown. [F. cosaque, cas-
sock, It. casacca, a great coat, fr. casa, house.
Cassowary, kas'so-wa-rt, n. A
bird of Java, resem- Ancient Castle.
bling the ostrich. [Malay kassuwaris.] moat: draw-bridge; cell donjon or keep;
1, 2, ; 15,
Cast, kast, v. 1. [cast, casting.] To send or drive 3, wicket; sallyport; 5,
4, 16, barracks ; 17, barbi-
from by force; to threw, fling, impel; to direct, or portcullis; 6, outer walls; can ; 18, watchman ; 19,
turn, as the sight; to throw on the ground, as in
7, parapet; 8, rampart; 9, turret ; 20, chapel ; 21,
wrestling; to overcome; to throw oft, or shed; to loop-holes; 10, escutch- belfry; 22, state court; 23,
compute, reckon; to make to preponderate; to form, eon; 11, bulwark; 12, sen- merlons ; 24, e b ra- m
by pouring liquid metal into a mold; to found; to tinel; 13, magazine; a sures.
distribute, as the parts of a play among actors. v. i. — 14,

To revolve in the mind; to receive form or shape; camp. [L. metari, to measure, survey.] - Castiea'- -

to warp. (Naut.) To fall off, so as to bring the sian, -shan, a. Pert, to a camp.
ship's side to the wind. — n. Act of casting; a throw; Castor. See Caster, under Cast.
thing thrown; distance through which any thing is Castor, kas'ter, n. A
genus of animals, including the
thrown; a chance or venture; act of casting in a beaver; a substance of penetrating smell and bitter
mold; form into which any thing is cast or molded; taste, found in the inguinal sacs of the beaver; a
thing cast in a mold; manner of appearance; assign- hat, esp. one made of beaver's fur; a heavy broad-
ment of actors' parts in a play; company of actors to cloth. [L. Gr. kastor. Per. khaz, a beaver; Malay
;

whom the parts are assigned; a motion or turn, as and Skr. kasturi, musk.] —
Cas'tor-oil. The oil of
of the eye look glance
; ; squint. [Ic. and Sw.
; a West Indian plant, —
a cathartic. [Prob. fr. L.
kasta, Dan. /caste, to throw, fr. Ic. kostr, kos, a pile, castoreum, a medicine made fr. the substance in the
heap.]— 2'o cast aside. To dismiss, reject. — To c. beaver's inguinal sacs.]
away. To reject, lavish. — To c. down. To deject Castor and Pollux, kas'tSr-and-polluks.
(Meteor.)
or depress. — To c. off. (Naut.) To loose, or untie. An electrical phenomenon, thought to portend a
— To c. one's self on. To resign or yield one's self cessation of a storm. See Corposant.
without reserve. —
To c. in the teeth. To upbraid, Castrate, kas'trat, v. t. To deprive of the testicles,
twit. — To c. up. To compute or reckon to eject or ; emasculate, geld. [L. castrare ; Skr. castra, a knife.]
vomit. — Cast'er, n. One who, etc.; a phial or cruet — Castra'tion, n. Act of, etc.
for table condiments, or stand containing them; a Castrel, kas'trel, Kes'trel, n.
— hawk resembling the A
swiveled wheel on which furniture is rolled. sparrow-hawk. [F. cresserelle, quercelle, prob. fr. L.
Cast'ing. n. Act of, etc.; thing cast in a mold; the circuire, to go round.]
warping of a board. —
Cast'ing-net, n. A fishing Castrensian. See under Castle.
net whieh is cast and drawn. —
C. voice, C. vote. Casual, kazh'u-al, a. Happening without design ;

Vote of a presiding officer, determining the ques- coming without regularity; accidental; incidental;
tion, when the votes of the house are equally di- occasional. [L. casus, a fall aceident. See Case.]
—
,

vided. Casfaway, n. An abandoned person; a Cas'ually, adv.— —

Cas'ualty, n. That which, etc.
reprobate. — Cast 'off, a. Laid aside; disused. an accident; death; misfortune. Cas'ualism, -izm, —
Castanea, kas-ta'ne-a, n. A
genus of trees, including n. The doctrine that all things occur by chance. —
the chestnut tree. [L. Gr. kastanon, a chestnut.] Cas'uist, -u-ist, n. One who studies and resolves
—
;

Castanet, kas'ta-net, n. A
noise-making instrument cases of conscience. Casuist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to
composed of spoon-shaped shells of ivory or wood, cases of conscience, or of doubtful propriety.— Cas'-
clapped together by the fingers. [Sp. castaneta, fr. uistry, -rt, n. Science of determining the right or
L. castanea, the shape resembling that of chestnuts.] wrong of acts and opinions of doubtful propriety.
Caste, kast, n. One of the hereditary social classes in Cat, kat, n. (Zobl.) A
well-known domestic animal.
India; a separate and fixed order orclass of society. (Naut.) A ship having narrow stern, projecting
jPg. casta, a race, fr. casto, L. castus, pure, chaste.] quarters, and deep waist tackle to draw an anchor ;

Castigate, kas'tY-gat, v. t. To punish by stripes, cor- up to the cat-head. A

double tripod; a game at ball;
rect, chastise. [L. castigare, fr. castus, pure, and a kind of whip. —v. t. (Naut.) To bring up to the
agere, to move, i. e., to keep pure; s. rt. chasten.] —
cat-head, as an anchor. [AS., Ir.. and 6a. cat, Ic.
Castiga'tion, n. Punishment by, etc. —
Cas'tiga- kottr, D. and Dan. kat, F. chat, Sp. gato, It. gatto,
tor, -tSr, n. — Cas'tigatory, -to-rt, a. Tending to Late L. catus, Ar. qitt.] Cat 'amount, n. species — A —
correction; punitiye._ of panther found in the northern United States.
Castile Seap, Tcastel-sop. hard A
soap, made with Cat'erwaul. -er-wawl, v. i. To cry as cats in rutting
olive oil and soda, orig. in Castile, Spain. time. —
Cat'gut, n. Cord, esp. strings for musical in-
Castle, kas'l, n. A fortified residence, esp. of a prince struments, made from the intestines of animals, esp.
or nobleman a fortress a piece in the game of
; of sheep; a kind of canvas, with wide interstices.
chess. — ;

v. t. In chess, to cover with a castle, said —

Cat'kin,?*. (Bot.) An anient; a kind
of the king, when neither piece has been previously of inflorescence, consisting of overlap-
moved, and the king has not been in check. v. i. —
ping scales. Caflike, a. Stealthy ; —
In chess, to cover the king with a castle. [AS. cas- noiseless. Catling, n. —little cat; A
tel, L. castellum, dim. of castrum, a camp, fortified moss, like cat's hair, growing about
place.] — Castle in the air, or in Spain. visionary A trees; catgut. (Surg.) A double-edged,
project; a scheme with no solid foundation. Cas'- — sharp-pointed dismembering knife. —
One who builds castles in Cafbird, n. An American bird of the
tfte- builder, -bild'Sr, n.
the air: a visionary. —guard, -ward, n. The guard
which defends a castle a tax on dwellings near a
;
thrush family. boat, n. A small sail-' p
boat, with one sail on a mast close to
— ,

A
castle: a feudal tenure, obliging the tenant to per-
form service. — Castellan, kas'tel-an, n.
—
gov- A
the bows. call, -pipe, n.
ment, to interrupt play at theaters.
squeaking instru-
fish,
also, an
— » A
ernor or constable of a castle.
n. The lordship belonging to a castle.
Cas'tellany, -nY,
Cas'tel-—
large voracious fish of the arctic seas
American fresh-water fish.
A
har'ping, -har'pin. n. — ;

lated, «.

n.
Adorned with turrets and battlements,
like a castle. — Castrametation, kas'tra-me-ta'shun,
(Mil.) Art or act of encamping; laying out of a
(Naut.) rope or iron leg, to brace in the shrouds
of the lower masts behind the yards.
(Naut.) A
head. n.
timber projecting from the bow ot a ship,
—
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, or
 CATACAUSTIO 79 CATHARINE-WHEEL
through which ropes pass to raise the anchor. — esp. (Geol.) the theory that changes on the face of
(Saut.) One of two holes astern, to pass the eartli were caused by, etc., opp. to uniibrmum. —
-hole, 7,.
hawsers through. —
mint, -nip. n. (Bot.) strong-
scented plant, sometimes used in medicine, and of
A — Catas'trophist, -fist, n. A believer in, etc.
Catch, kach, v. t. [caught or (obs.) catched, catch-
nap, " A ixg.J To seize, esp. with the hand; to take captive,
which cats are fond.
-o' -nine-tails, n.
n. A
short sleep.—
A whip with nine lashes. stick,
game of ball called cat.—
club used in the
— as in a snare to entangle ;to communicate to,
fasten upon; to engage and attach to, charm to re-
;

Cat's'cradle. n. A game played by children, with a ceive, esp. to take by sympathy, contagion, or infec-
string about the fingers. [Prop, cratch-cradle, q. v. tion; to come upon unexpectedly to find to over- ; ;

under Cbatch.] —"-eye, n. Ulin.) A variety of take.— v. i. To be held or impeded by entangle-

quartz or chalcedony, exhibiting yellowish opales- ment; to spread by infecting. n. Actof seizing — ;

cent reflections. paw, n. A dupe; the tool of an- seizure that which catches or is caught; gain a
; ;

other, — fr. the fable of the monkey's usinsr the cat's passing opportunity improved. (Mus.) humorous A
paw to draw chestnuts from the fire. (Naut.) A round, in which the singers catch up each other'3
light air, rippling the surface of still water; a pecul- sentences. [Picard cacher, for OF. cachier, to chase,
iar turn in the bight of a rope, to hook a tackle on. fr. LL. caciare, fr. L. capture, freq. of capere, to
— -tail, n. {Bot.) A
tall flag, with long flat leaves; take, lay hold of .] Catch'able. a. — Catch'er, ». —
4 urass, called timothy and hard'* grass; a catkin. — Catch'penny, ?*. Something worthless, esp. a
Catacaustic, kat-a-kaws r tik, n. A
caustic curve book, intended to gain money.
formed by reflection of light. [Gr. kata, against,
and kaiein, to burn.]
money worthless. ; poll, -pol, n.
sistant. [Fr. poll, the head.]
a.
—
.Made to gain
bailiff's as-
word, re. The las; — A
Catachreais, kat-j-kre'sis, re. (Rhet.) An abuse of a word of an actor, summoning the one who is to speak
trope a harsh or far-fetched metaphor.
; [Gr., fr. next cue. (Print.) The first word of each page
;

katachresthai, to misuse.]— Catachres'tic, -tical, a. of a book inserted at the foot of the preceding page.
Pert, to, etc.; forced. —
Catachres'tically, adv. A phrase caught up and repeated for effect.
Cataclysm, kat'a-klizm, u. An extensive overthrow ; Catch, kach, Cutch, kuch, n. Commercial names for
a deluge. [Gr. kata, downward, and kluzein, to Catechu, q. v.
wash, dash.] Catchup, kach'up. Cat'sup, Ketch/Hp, n. A sauce
Catacomb, kafa-kom, n. A
cave or subterraneous made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc.
place for the burial of the dead. [Gr. kata, and [Chin, kitjap.']
buntbe, a hollow, Skr. ktanbha, a pot.] Catechise, kat'e-klz, v. t. [-chised (-kizd), -chising.J
Catacoustica, kat-a-koos'tiks or -kow'stiks, n. That To instruct by asking questions, receiving answers,
part of acoustics which treats of reflected sounds or and explaining and correcting, esp. concerning —
echoes. points of religious faith to interrogate. [LL. cate-
;

Catadioptric, kat'a-di-op'trik, -trical, a. Pert, to, or chizare, Gr. katechizein, fr. katecheein, to din into
involving, both reflection and refraction of light. one's ears, fr. eche, a sound, echos, a ringing in the
[Gr. kata, against, and dioptra, a geometrical instru- ears.] —
Cafechiser, n. Cafechism, -kizm, n. — A
ment, fr. dfa, through, and o/itein, to see, look.] form of instruction by questions and answers an ;

Catafalco, kat-a-fal'ko, -falque, -falk"\ v. A temporary elementary book of principles, esp. of religious doc-
structure of carpentry, used in funeral solemnities. trine, in the form of, etc. Cat'echist, re. One who, —
[It. catafalco, F. catafalque, fr. Sp. catur, to see, and etc. —
Catechist'ic. -ical, a. Pert, to a catechist or
falco, a scaffold.] to catechism.— Catechefic, -ical, -kefik-al, a. Pert,
Catalectic, kat-a-lektik, a. (Pros.) Wanting a syl- to, or consisting in, asking questions, etc. Cate- —
lable at the end. [Gr. kata, down, legeia, to stop.] chefically, adv. —
Catechumen, -ku'men, n. One
Catalepsy, kat'a-lep-st, re. (Med.) A sudden suspen- receiving rudimentary instruction in Christian doc-
sion of the senses and of volition. [Gr. kutalepsis, a trines a neophyte.
—
;

grasping, fr. lambanein, to seize.] Catalep'tic, a. Catechu, kat'e-ku, n. (Chem.) brown, astringent, A
Catalogue, kafa-log, n. A
list of names, titles, or vegetable extract, obtained in India. [Cochin-Chin.
articles arranged methodically. r. t. To make a list cay caii.]
of. [F., fr. Gr. kata, down, fully, and legein, to say, Category, kafe-go-rY, (Logic.) One of the classes
n.
tell.]— Catalogue raiso/ine", -ra'zo-na'. catalogue A of objects of knowledge or thought, by which they
of hooks classed according to their subjects. can be arranged in a system. State, condition ;
Catalpa, ka-taKpa, n. A
tree of North America, hav- predicament. [Gr. kategoria. an accusation in ;

ing large leaves and white flowers. [Indian.] logic, a predicament, class, fr. kata. down, against,
Catamaran, kat'a-ma-ran'', re. A
raft of India and and agoreuein, to declaim.] Categorical, -ggrlk-al, —
Brazil, consisting of 3 connected logs, and moved a. Pert, to, etc. admitting no conditions or excep-
by a sail ; a sail boat with an outrigger a large- ; tions; absolute; express.
;

Categorically, adv. —
wheeled truck for transporting heavy weights a ; Catenary, kafe-na-rl, n. (Geom.) The curve of a
cantankerous old woman. [Malay kettamaram, tied cord hanging between two points not in the same
logs, fr. ketta, a tie, bond, and maram, timber.] vertical line. [L. catena, a chain.] Cafenary, —
Catamenia, kat-a-me'nl-a, n. (Med.) The monthly -na'rian, a. Pert, to or like a chain. Cafenate, —
courses of females; menstrual discharges menses. -nat, v. t. To connect, in a series of link>. [L. cate-
[Gr., fr. kata, back, again, and men, month.] Cat-
;

— nare, -natum, fr. catena.] Catena'tion. re. Union —

ame'nial, a. Pert, to, etc. of parts, as in a chain.
Catapeltic. See under Catapult. Cater, ka'ter, v. i. [catered (-terd), catering.] To
CataphonicB, kat-a-fon'iks, n. Doctrine of reflected provide food, buy or procure provisions, purvey.
sounds. [Gr. kata, down, against, and phone, sound.] [OF. acat, F. achat, a purchase, LL. acaptum, fr. ac-
Cataphract, kafa-frakt, n. A
piece of defensive ar- captare, to buy, freq. of L. accipere, to receive.] —
mor, formerly used by horsemen a horseman in ; Ca'terer, n. One who, etc. Ca'teress, n. — A
complete armor; the armor of plate covering some woman who, etc.
fishes. [Gr. kata and phrassein, to inclose.] Caterpillar, kat'er-pil-ler, n. The larve of a butterfly
Cataplasm, kafa-plazm, n. (Med.) A
poultice. [Gr. or lepidopterous insect. [OF. chattepaleuse, lit., a
kota and plassein, to form, mold.] hairy cat, fr. chate, she-cat, and pelouse, It. peloso.
Catapult, kafa-pult, n. An engine anciently used L. pilosus, hairy, fr. L. pilus, a hair.]
for throwing stones, arrows, etc. [LL. catapulta, Caterwaul, Catharpin, etc. See under Cat.
Gr. katapeltes, fr. kata and pallein, to swing, hurl, Cates, kats, n. pl.<
tt. pallere, to drive.] —
Catapelt'ic, a. Pert, to, etc. Food, esp. luxu-
Cataract, kat'a-rakt, n. A waterfall. (Surg.) An rious food; dain-
opacity of the crystalline leVis, or of its capsule. ties. [Corrup. of
[Gr. katarraktes, fr. kata and regnunai, to break.] acates. See Ca-
Catarrh, ka-tar', n. (Med.) Inflammation of the mu- ter. J
cous membrane of the air passages, with discharge of Catharine - wheel,
a watery or glairy fluid. [L. catarrhus, fr. Gr. kata kath'a-rin-hwel,
•jnd rhein, to flow.] —
Catarrh'al. -ons. -us, a. Pert. n. (Goth. Arch.)
t>, produced by, attending, or resembling, etc. An ornamented
Catastrophe, ka-tas'tro-fe, n. A final event, usually circular window,
of a calamitous nature; the unfolding and winding with rosettes or
up of the plot of a play denouement. [Gr. katas-
; radiating divis-
trophe, an overthrowing, fr. kata and strepheirv, to ions. (Pyro-
turn.] —Catas'trophism, -i'izm, n. Doctrine of catas-
trophes, or of special interference with natural laws;
techny.) A re-
Catharine-wheel Window.
volving wheel.

sun ciibe, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. then, boxbox, chair, get.
 ) ; ——

CATHARIST 80 CAVITY
[Fr. St. Catharine of Alexandria, represented with cates. — v. t. [caused (kawzd), causing.] To effect
a wheel, in allusion to her martyrdom.] by agency, power, or influence to produce, be the ;

Catharist, kath'a-rist, n. A
pretender to more occasion of. [F. L. causa, a cause.] Caus'able, a. —
purity than others possess. [Gr. katharos, clean, Capable of being, etc.
;

Caus'er, n. —
Causeless, a. —
pure.] — Cathartic, -thar'tik, -tical, a. Cleansing Uncaused or uncreated, original in itself; without
the bowels; purgative. —
Cathartic, n. medicine A just cause, reason, or motive. Caus'al, a. Rela- —
promoting alvine discharges. [Gr. kathairein, to ting to, implying, or containing, etc. Causality, —
cleanse, fr. katharos.] —
Cath'arize, v. t. To clean -zall-tl, n. The agency of a cause. (Phren.) The
the surface of. —
Cath'arism, -rizm, n. Process of faculty of tracing effects to their causes. See Phre-
chemically cleaning, etc. —
Cathartine, -tharlin, n. nology. —
Causation, -za'shun, n. Act of causing;
The purgative principle of senna. agency by which an effect is produced. — Causa'-
Cathedra, ka-the'dra or kath'-, n. A
chair; esp. the tionism, -izm, n. The doctrine that all things are
—
seat of one in authority. [L. cathedra, Gr. kathedra, produced through the agency of a eausal force.
fr. kata, down, and hedra, seat.] Cathe'dral, n.— Causa' tionist, n. A believer that, etc.— Caus'a-
The principal church in a diocese, where the bishop tive, -tiv, a. Expressing a reason; causal; affecting,
has his official chair, —a. Pert, to, etc. emanating as a cause or agent causing. [LL. causare, to
;

from the chair of office, as of a pope or

;

bishop
cause.] ; Caus'atively, adv.
offi- —
cial; authoritative. Causeuse, ko-zez', n. A lounge or sofa for two per-
Catheter, kath'e-ter, n. (Surg-) A
tubular instru- sons, sitting face to face. [F., fr. causer, to talk.]
ment, introduced into the bladder to draw off Causeway, kawz'wa, Causey, kaw'zl, n. paved or A
urine. [Gr. katheter, thing put in, fr. kata and raised way over wet ground. [Orig., cawse, then
huenai, to send.] causey, fr. OF. caucie ( F. chause'e), fr. LL. calciata =
Cathetometer, kath-e-tom^e-ter, n. An instrument (via), (road) paved with limestone, f r. L. calx, lime.]
for measuring differences of vertical heights, —
esp. Caustic, kawslik, -tical, a. Destructive to the tex-
of liquid columns in glass tubes. [Gr. kathetos, ver- ture of anything; burning; corrosive: severe; satir-
tical height, and metron, a measure/] ical; sharp. —
Caus'tic, n. Any substance, which,
Cathode, kath'od, n. (Blec.) Negative pole of a bat- applied to animal substances, burns, or destroys the
tery; surface at which the electric current passes texture. ( Opt.) caustic curve, a curve to whichA —
out of the electrolyte. [Gr. kathodos, descent.] —
the rays of light, reflected or refracted by another
Cathode ray. Ray generated at the cathode in a curve, are tangents. [Gr. kaustikos, burning, fr.
vacuum tube, by the electrical discharge. kaiein, kauso, to burn.] Caus'tically, adv. Caus- — —
Catholic, kath'o-lik, a. Universal or general ; not ticity, -tis'I-tl , n. Quality or property of, etc. cor-
narrow-minded, partial, or bigoted; liberal; pert, to, rosiveness; severity of language; sarcasm. Can'- — ;

or affecting, the Roman Catholics. n. —

member A
ter, n. A
hot, searing iron. [Gr. kauterion, branding
of the Rom. Cath. church. [Gr. katholikos, univer- iron, fr. kaiein.] Cau'terism, -ter-izm, n. Appli- —
sal, fr. katholou, on the whole, in general, fr. kata, cation of caustics cautery. Cau'teriza'tion, n. —
throughout, and holos, whole.] —
Catholicity, -lis'- (Surg.) Act of burning a morbid part by applica-
;

I-tl, n. System of doctrine held by all parts of the tion of fire. —

Cau'terize, -Iz, v. t. [-teeized (-izd),
orthodox Christian church also, by the church of -izing.] To burn or sear with fire or hot iron.
;

Rome; liberality of sentiment; Catholicism. Ca- —

Caulery, -ter-I, n. burning, as of morbid flesh, A
tholicize, -T-siz, v. t. To become catholic or a Rom. by a hot iron, or by caustic medicines. (Burning by
Cath. — Catholicism, -t-siz m, n. Quality of being, hot iron is called actual cautery by caustic med- ;

etc.; the faith of the whole Christian church, or of icines, potential cautery.
the Rom. Cath. church adherence to the Rom. Caution, kaw'shun, n. Prudence in regard to dan-
;

Cath. church; liberality of sentiment.— CathoKicon, fer; provident care wariness; heed;
prudence; e*.
n. A remedy for all diseases panacea. ; ortation to wariness; warning; admonition. v. t.
;

—
Catoptrics, ka-top'triks, n. That part of optics which [cautioned (-shund), -tioning.] To give notice of
explains the properties and phenomena of reflected danger to, warn. [OF., fr. L. cautio, security, fr.
light. [Gr. katoptron, a mirror, fr. optomai, I see.]
—
cavere, to take heed.] Cautionary, -a-rl, a. Con- —
Catop'tric, -trical, a. Pert, to, etc. taining caution, or warning; given as a pledge.—
Catsup. See Catchup. Caulioner, n. —
Cau'tious, -shus, a. Possessing or
Cattle, kaftl, n. pi. Domestic quadrupeds collective- using, etc.; prudent; watchful circumspect. Cau'- ; —
ly, esp. those of the bovine genus. [OF. catel, chatel, tiously, ado. Cautiousness, n. —
fr. LL. capitate, captale, capital, property. See Cavalcade, ka v'al-kad, n. procession of horsemen. A
Capital.] — Cat'tle-plague, n. The rinderpest, a tF.
It. cavalcata, f r. cavalcare, to ride, f r. cavallo,
;

contagious murrain affecting neat cattle and sheep.

— show, n. An exhibition of domestic animals.
Caucasian, kaw-ka'shan, n. One belonging to the
n.
j. caballus, Gr. kaballes, a horse.]— Cavalier, -ler',

the time of King Charles I.

A
horseman; knight; one of the court party in
a. Gay sprightly ; — ;

Indo-European race, originating near Mt. Caucasus. brave; warlike; haughty. [F. It. cavaliere, a Horse-
—
;

Caucus, kaw'kus, n. A preparatory meeting for po- man, chevalier.] Cavalierly, adv. Superciliously.
litical purposes. [Corrup. of calkers, who formed a —
Cav'alxy, -rt, n. (Mil.) Mounted troops. [OF.
political association at Boston in the Revolution.] cavallerie, It. cavalleria ; s. rt. chivalry.]
Caudal, kaw'dal, a. Pert, to, or like, a tail. [L. cauda, Cavatina, kav-a-td'na, n. (Mus.) An air of one move-
tail.] — Cau'date, -dat, -dated, a. Having, etc. ment, with little repetition of the words, and fre-
Caudle, kaw'dl, n. Awarm drink for sick persons, quently preceded by a recitative. [It.]
a mixture of wine with eggs, bread, sugar, and Cave, kav, n. A hollow place in the earth; den. v. —
spices. — v. t. To make info caudle. [OF. caudel, t. [caved (kavd), caving.] To make hollow. v.
chaudel, fr. chald, chaud, LateL. callus, hot.] i. To dwell in a cave. [OF. L. cavea, a cave, cage, ;

Cauf, kawf, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish fr. cavus, hollow.] To cave in. To fall in and leave —
alive in water; a vessel for raising coal from mines. a hollow; to break down, yield. Cavity, kav'I- —
[Perh. fr. L. cophinus, Gr. kophinos, basket.] tl, n. A hollow place; inclosed space; hollowness.
Caught. See Catch. Cav'ern, -3rn, n. — deep hollow place in the A
Caul, kawl, n. Anet or covering for the head. (Anat.) earth; cave. —
Cav'ernous, -us, a. Full of caverns;
A membrane covering part of the lower intestines hollow. [L. caverna.]
;

the omentum. Apart of the membrane enveloping Caveat, kal'e-at, n. (Law.) notice to some officer A
the fetus. [OF. cole, little cap, Ir. calla, OGa. call, not to do a certain act until the interested party is
hood, cowl.] heard in opposition. (U. S. Patent Laws.) A de-
Caulescent, kaw-les'ent, a. (Bot.) Having a true or scription of some invention, lodged ki the office be-
perfect stem. —
Cau'licule, -ll-kul, n. (Bot.) A
fore the patent right is taken out, as a bar to other
short stem. (Arch.) One of the curled tops in a applications respecting the same invention. Intima-
Corinthian capital. See Capital. Cauliferous, — tion of caution; warning. [L., let him beware.]
-Br-us, a. Caulescent. [L./erre, to bear.] Cavendish, kav'en-dish, n. Tobacco softened and
Cauliflower, kawll-f low'er, n. A
variety of cabbage, pressed.
having edible flower-buds. [Orig., colliflower, fr. Caviare, ka-ver'. Caviar, kav'e-ar, n. The roes of
OF. col, L. caulis, a cabbage, and i flori, fleuri, p.p.
'. certain fish, prepared and salted, used as a relish, —
of fleurir, ~L.florere, to flourish.] esp. in Russia. [F. caviar, Turk, havyar.]
Caulk, etc. See Calk. Cavil, kavll, v. t. [caviled (-ild), caviling.] To
Cause, kawz, n. That which produces a result, or is raise captious objections. n. A false or frivolous —
the occasion of an action. (Law.) suit or actionA objection. [OF. caviller, L. cavillari, fr. caviUa, a
in court; a legal process; case. The side of a ques- jeering, caviling.] Cav'iler, n. —
tion or controversy which one espouses and advo- Cavity. See under Cave.

5m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; in, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 CAVORT 81 CENT
Cavort, ka-v6rt r v. i. To bound, frisk, prance. [Sp
,
procuring, keeping, and distributing provisions. —
cavar, to paw (said of a horse).] Cellular, a. Consisting of or containing cells. [L.
Caw, kaw, v. i. [cawed (kawd), cawing.] To cry like cellula, a little cell.] — ,

Cellulated, a. Formed with

a crow, or raven. — n. The noise of, etc. [Onomat.] cells. — Cellule, -Til, n. A small cell. CeUulif' —
Cawker. Same as Calker. erous, -lil'er-us, a. Producing little cells. [L. ierre.
Cayenne Pepper, ka-en' pep'pgr. A very pungent to bear.] —Cellulose, -los, a. Containing cells. n. —
pepper, the product of several species of Capsicum. (Bot.) One of the substances constituting the cellu-
[Fr. Cayenne, S. Ariier.] lar tissue of plants.— Celluloid, n. "compound A
Cayman, ka'man, n. ;pl. Cay'mans, -manz. A genus of gun-cotton, camphor, etc., iiniteting coral, ivory,
of American reptiles of the crocodile family; alli- tortoise-shell, amber, etc., and used in manufactur-
gator. [Name in Guiana.] ing jewelry, etc.
Gazique, ka-z§K n.
r
, A
chief among some American Celt, selt, n. One of a race anciently inhabiting Cen-
Indians. [Sp. cacique, f r. the language of Hayti.] tral and Western Europe, from come the whom
Cease, ses, v. i. [ceased (sest), ceasing.] To come Irish, Welsh, and Gael; a stone or metal implement
to an end, desist, forbear, stop; to be wanting.— found in barrows of the early Celts. [L. Celtae, Gr.
v. t. To put a stop to, bring to an end. [F. cesser, Keltai, perh. fr. Ga. ceiltach, inhabitant of the forest.]
L. cessare, to go slowly, cease, freq. of cedere, ces- — Celtic, a. Pert, to the Celts, or to their language.
sum, to yield.]— Ceaseless, a. Without cessation; — n. The language of, etc., the remains of which are
incessant. —
Ceaselessly, adv. Cessa'tion, n. Act — found in the Gaelic, Erse or Irish, Manks, and Welsh
of discontinuing; stop; rest; intermission. audits cognate dialects, Cornish and Arm orican or
Cedar, sender, n. An evergreen tree ot different spe- Breton. —
Celticism, -T-sizm, n. A Celtic custom.
cies. [AS. ceder-beam, Cement, se-menf or sem'ent, n. Any substance used
cedar tree, L. cedrus, for making bodies cohere, as mortar, glue, etc. bond
—
;

Gr. kedros.] Ce'dar, of union. [OF., fr. L. csementum, rubble, chippingrs

-drine, -drin, a. Pert, to, of stone, fr. casdere, Skr. chhid, to cut.] Cement"', —
or made of, etc. v. t. To unite with, etc. to unite firmly. v. i. To —
—
;

Cede, sed, v. t. To yield unite and cohere. CementaHon, n. Act of ce-

or surrender, give up. menting. (Chern.) Process of surrounding a solid
[L. cedere, cessum.] — body with powder of other substances, and heating
Cession, sesh'un, n. A until the properties of the body are changed by
yielding or surrender, as chemical combination with the powder, as iron —
of property or rights, to becomes steel by cementation with charcoal.
another act of ceding.
; Cemetery, sem'e-te'r-Y, n. A grave-yard; necropolis.
Cedilla, se-diKla. n. mark A [Gr. koimeterion, sleeping-room, cemetery, fr. hot-
under the letter c [5], to man, to put to bed, fr. keimai, I lie down: s. rt. L.
show that it is sounded
Cedar.
quies, E. quiet.]
like s; as in facade. [It. Cenatory, sen'a-to-rY, a. Pert, to supper. [L. cctna,
zediglia, dim. of zeta, the Gr. letter 2, formerly writ- dinner, supper.]
ten below the c, to give it the sound of s.] Cenobite, Coenobite, sen'o-bit, n. A monk in a con-
£eil, sel, v. t. [ceiled (seld), ceiling.] To overlay vent or community, in opp. to a hermit or anchorite.
or cover the inner root of. [E. cyll, syle, a canopy, [L. ccenobium, Gr. koinobion, a convent, fr. koinos,
F. del, heaven, also, a canopy, It. cielo, heaven, can- common, and bios, life.] —
Cenobitlc, -ical, a. Con-
opy, ceiling, fr. L. caelum, heaven, a vault, Gr. koilos, ventual; monastic.
hollow.] — Ceiling, n. (Arch.) The upper, interior Cenotaph, sen'o-taf n. , A
monument to one buried
surface of a room. (3rawO Inside planks of a ship. elsewhere. [OF. cenotaphe, fr. Gr. kenos, empty,
Celadon, sel'a-don, n. A
pale sea-green color. [F.] and taphos, tomb.]
Celandine, sel'an-dm, n. genus of plants of the A Cense, sens, i\ t. [censed (senst), censing.] Toper-
poppy family; swallow-wort, supposed to flower — fume with odors from burning substances. [Abbr.
when swallows appear, and die when they go. [F. fr. incense, fr. L. incendere, to Durn.] Cen'ser, n. —
celidoine, Gr. chelidonion, fr. chelidon, a swallow. A vase or pan for burning incense.
Celebrate, seKe-brat, v. t. To mention with praise, Censor, sen'ser, n. A
Eoman officer who registered
extol; to honor by solemn rites, or by ceremonies of the effects of citizens, imposed taxes, and inspected
joy and respect to solemnize, commemorate. [L.
; manners: an examiner of books, etc., before pub-
celebrare, -bratum, to frequent, solemnize, f r. celeber, lication, to suppress anything forbidden: one who
frequented.] —
Cel'ehrated, a. Having celebrity; censures: a harsh critic. [L., fr. censere, to give an
distinguished: famous. CeKebrant, n. One who — opinion, tax, appraise.] —
Censo'rial. -rY-al,-rian, a.
performs a public religious rite. Celebra'tion, n. — Pert, to, etc., or to the correction of public morals.
Honor bestowed commemoration; praise: observ-
;
— Censo'rious. -ri-us, a. Addicted to, implying, or
ance with appropriate ceremonies; solemnization. expressing, censure; fault-finding: carping;* severe.
CeKebrator, -tSr, n. —
Celeb'rity, -rf-ti, n. Condi- — Censo'riously, adv. —
Censo'riousness, n.
/r
Cen - —
tion of being celebrated: a person of distinction. sorship, n. Office of a censor. —
Censure, sen'shSr,
Celerity, se-ler'Y-tY, n. Rapidity of motion; swift- n. Act of blaming reproof disapproval; repri-
—
; ;

ness; speed. [F. celerite', L. celeritas, fr. celer, quick; mand: abuse. v.t. [censured (-sherd), -suring.]
Gr. kefes, a racer.] To find fault with and condemn as wrong; to blame,
Celery, sel'gr-Y, n. A
plant of the parsley family, reprehend. [L. censura, an opinion.] Cen'sur- —
used as a salad. [F. ce'leri, It. seleri, L. and Gr. seli- able. a Worthy of, etc. —
Cen'surableness, n. —
non, parsley.] Cen'surably, adv. —
Cen'sus, n. An official enu-
Celestial, se-lesfyal, a. Pert, to the spiritual heaven; meration and registration of the people, estates,
heavenly; pert.* to the visible heavens.— n. An in- and other statistics of a country. [L., a register.]
habitant of heaven. [OF. celestiel, fr. L. caelum, Cent, sent, n. A
hundred, as, 10 per cent.; an Amer-
heaven. See Ceil.] Celeslaally, adv. — Cel'es- — ican coin worth the 100th part of a dollar. [L. cen-
tine, sel'es-tin, n. (Min.) Native sulphate of stron- tum.'] — Cent'age, -ej, n. Kate by the cent, or hun-
tian, which has a sky-blue color. (Eccl. Hist.) One dred percentage. —
Cenlal, n. weight of 10") A
of a religious order founded by Pope Celestine V.
;

pounds; hundred-weight. a. —
Pert, to, or consist-
Celiac, selY-ak, a. Pert, to the belly- [Gr. koilia, ing of, etc. —
Cen'tenary, -rY, n. Aggregate of
belly, fr. koilos, hollow.] 100 single things: esp. a century; 100 years; a cele-
Celibacy, se-lib'a-sY or seKY-ba-sY, n. The state of an bration occurring once in, etc. —
a. Pert, to, or con-
unmarried man; bachelorship. [L. cielebs, unmar- sisting of, 100; occurring once in every 100 years. —
ried.] — Celibate, s«l'Y-bat. n. Condition or life of Centenalian, -rY-an, n. One 100 years old. a. —
an unmarried man unmarried man: bachelor. ; Pert, to 100 years. [L. centenarrus.] Centen'nial, —
Cell, sel, n. A
small and close apartment, as in a prison nY-al, a. Pert, to the 100th anniversary; happening
or monastery; any small, closed cavity. (Organic once in 100 years A
celebration of, etc. [L. an-
Structures.) A minute sac, filled with fluid, fat, etc., nus. a year."]
—
—
Centes mal, a. Hundredth; by the
—
forming, by development and reproduction, the cel- 100. h. A
100th part. Centes'ima'tion, n. ( Mil.)
—
lular tissue of animals and plants. [L. cell'a, cell, A punishment inflicted on one person in 100.
hut, Gr. kalia. hut, Skr. gala, a stable; s. rt. conceal, Cen'tury, -tu-rY, n. A hundred; a period of 100 years.
L. celare.~\ —
Cellar, n. A space under a house. — Century plant. The American aloe, gupposed to
?j. cellarium, a pantry, fr. cella.] Cellarage, -ej, n. — bloom but once in 100 years. — Centu'rion, -rY-on, n.
he excavation for, etc.: a cellar, or series of cellars A Roman captain of 100 foot-soldiers. [L. centtiriaj,
connected: charge for storage in, etc. Cellarer, — — Centulial, -rY-al, a. Pert, to a century, or to 100
-1st, n. (Ecd.) An officer in charge of, etc., or of men. — Cen'tuple, -tu-pl, a. Hundred-fold. — v. i.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot)t ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get
 ; —

CENTAUR 82 CHAFE
T»PLBi> (-tu-pld), -tup ling.] To make, etc. [L. Cerog'raphy, n. A writing on wax art of engraving
[
plicate, to fold.] —
Centifo'lious, -IT -us, a. Having on wax spread upon copper, from which a stereo-
;

100 leaves. [L. folium, a leaf.] —

Cen'tigrade, -tt- type plate is taken. [Gr. graphein, to write.] Cero- —
grid, a. Of 100 degrees; graduated into 100 equal grapb/ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Ceroplas'tic. n. —
parts. [L. gradus, a degree.] —
Centigrade thermom- Art of modeling in wax. —
a. Pert, to, etc. [Gr.
eter. A
thermometer in which 0° indicates the plassein, to form.]
freezing point, and 100° the boiling point of water. Cereal, se're-al, a. Pert, to edible grain, as wheat, rye,
— Centare, -t&r', n. A
measure of area, contain- etc. — n. Any edible grain. [L. cerealis, pert, to
ing 1 sq. meter, about 1,550 sq. inches. [F.] Cen'- — corn, fr. Ceres, goddess of corn.]
tigram, -gram, n. A measure of weight, the 100th — Cerebrum, sCr'e-brum, n. (Anat.) The superior and
=
put of a gram .l.Vt'K gr. avoir, [t .] Centiliter, — larger division of the brain. [L., fr. Gr. fcaro, the
-til'I-ter or sen'tT-H-ter, -litre, -tT-le'tr, n. meas- A head.] —
Cer'ebral, a. Pert, to, etc. Cerebellum, —
ure of capacity, —
100th of a liter, more than 0.(5 cu. -bel'lum, n. pi. -bel'la, -la. The hinder and low-
inch. [F.] —
Cen'time, -tern, n. coin, A
the 100th — ,

er division of the brain. [L., dim. of cerebrum.] —

of a franc. [F.] —
Centimeter, -tim'e-tSr or sen'tl- Cerebellar, -beKlous, -lus, a. Pert, to, etc.
me-ter, -metre, son-te-ma'tr, n. A
measure of length, Ceremony, ser'e-mo-nl, n. Outward rite external
— the 100th of a meter, more than .39 inch. [F., fr. form in religion forms of civility. [F. ceremonie,
;
;

L. centum and Gr. met ion, measure.] Cen'tiped, — L. ceerimonia, a ceremony, Skr. karman, a religious
-tl-ped, -pede, -tT-ped, n. A
species of many-jointed, action, a rite.] —
Ceremo y nial, a. Pert, to, etc. n. —
wingless land articulates, having many feet. [L. An established system of rules and ceremonies. —
pes, pedis, foot.] — Centum' vir, -vSr, n. ; pi. -viui, Ceremo'nially, adv. —
Ceremo'nious, -nl-us, a. Con-
-vl-rl. A Roman
judge of common causes among sisting of, or according to, outward forms and rites;
the people. [L. vir, a man.] — Centum'viral, -vi- ceremonial; particularin observing forms; precise;
ral, a. Pert, to, etc. —
Centum'virate, -vT-rat, n. formal. —
Ceremo'niously, adv.
Office of, etc. Cerise, se-rez^, a. Cherry-colored. [F., a cherry.]
Centaur, sen'tawr, n. {Math.) A fabulous monster, Ceroom, se-room', n. A bale or package of skins. [Sp.
half man and half horse. [L. centauries, Gr. ken- seron, aug. of sera, a paunier.]
tauros.] — Cen'taury, -rt, n. A plant of several spe- Certain, ser'tin, a. Assured in mind having no
cies, most of them weeds. [Gr. kentaurie, the — doubts; not to be doubted; fixed or stated; deter-
;

Centaur Chiron having used it medicinally.] minate indeterminate, or not specifically named;
;

Center, -tre, sen'ter, n. The exact middle point of one or some. [OF.; L. certus, determined, fr. cer-
anything; the middle portion; midst; point of con- nere, to sift, discriminate, Gr. krinein, to separate,
centration; nucleus. (Arch.) A temporary framing decide.] —
Cer'tainly, adv. Without doubt or ques-
on which vaulted work is built. v. i. [centered — tion in truth and fact
; without failure.
; Cer'- —
or -tked (-terd), -tering or -tring.] To be placed tainness, n. —
Cer'tainty, -tT, Cer'titude, -tl-tud, n.
in, etc.; to be central; to be collected to a point, be Quality or condition of being certain exemption ;

concentrated. —
v. t. To place on, etc.; to collect to a from doubt or failure; a fact unquestionably estab-
point, concentrate. [F. centre, L. centrum, center, lished. —
Cer'tes, -tez, adv. Assuredly in truth. ;

Gr. kentron, a spike, prick, center, fr. kentein, to —Cer'tify, -ft, v. t. [-tified (-fid), -fying.] To
prick.] —
Cen'tering, n. (Arch.) Temporary fra- testify to in writing; to make known or establish as
ming on which vaulted work is built. Cen'tral, a. — a fact; to give certain information of or to. [LL.
Pert, to, placed in, or containing, the center; pert, to certificare, -catum, fr. L. certwsan&facere, to make.]
the parts near, etc.— Central/ity, -I-tl, n. State of — Certified check. A
bank-check whose validity is
being central. —
Cen'tralize, -iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), certified by the bank on which it is drawn. Certif- —
-izing.] To draw to a central pojnt bring to a ; icate, -I-kat, n. A
written testimony to the truth
center. —
Cen'traliza'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- of any fact; written declaration legally authenti-
ing, etc. — Cen'trally, adv. —
Cen'tric, -trical, a. cated.—)', t. To verify by, or furnish with, etc.
Placed in, etc. —
Cen'trically, adv. Centricity, — Certifica'tion, h. Act of, etc. —
Cer'tifier, -iT-er, n.
-tris'l-tl, n. State of being centric —
Centrifugal, Certiorari, ser'shl-o-ra'ri, n. (Law.) writ from a A
-u-gal, a. Tending to recede from the center. [L. superior court, to call up records of an inferior
fugere.te flee.] —
Centrip'etal, a. Tending toward, court, or remove a cause, to hasten justice, or correct
etc. [L. petere, to move toward.] —
Cen'ter-bit, n. errors. [LL. certiorare, to certify, fr. L. certior,
An instrument turning on a projecting central point, eomp. of certus, certain.]
for boring holes. See Bit. —
board,//. (Naut.) In
small craft, a board keel, which may be drawn up
Cerulean, se-ru'le-an, a. Sky-blue. [L. cseruteus.']
Cerumen. See under Cere.
or let down; a sliding keel. Ceruse, se'rus, n. White lead. Ce'ruse, Ce'rusite, —
Centfnel, Centry. See Sentinel. Ce'russite, -sit, n. Native carbonate of lead. [OF.
Cento, sen'to, n. : pi. Cen'tos, -toz. A composition ceruse, L. cerussa, white lead; s. rt. L. cera, wax.
formed by verses, etc., from different authors dis- See Cere.] —
Ce'rused, -rust, a. Washed with a prep-
posed in a new order. (Mus.) A
medley on a large aration of white lead.
scale. [L.] Cervical, sSr'vik-al, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the neck.
Cephalic, se-fal'ik, a. Pert, to the head. n. med- — A [L. cervix, neck.]
icine for headache, etc. [Gr. kephalc, the head.] — Cervine, ser'vin, a. Pert, to the deer. [L. cervus, a
Cephalic index. (Physiol.) The ratio of the breadth hart, deer.] —
Cer'vinous, -vt-nus, a. Of the color
to the length of the skull. —
Cephalalgy, sefa-lal- of, etc.; tawny.
jt, n. Pain in the head; headache. [Gr. algos, pain.] Cesarean, Cesarism, Cesura. etc. See Caesar, Caesura.
— Cephalog / rapay, n. A
description of the head. Cespitose, ses'pT-tos, a. (Bat.) Growing in tufts;
[Gr. graphein, to write.] —
Cephalom'eter, n. (Surg.) turf-like. [L. csespes, turf.] —
Ces'pitous, -tus, a.
An instrument for measuring the head. esp. of the Pert, to, or consisting of, turf; turfy.
fetus during delivery. [Gr. mefron, measure.] — Cessation. See under Cease.
Cephalopod, sefa-lo-pod or se-faK-, n. (Zobl.) A Cessavit, ses-sa'vit, n. (O. Eng. Law.) writ to re- A
mollusk having a distinct head, surrounded by a cir- cover lands when the tenant has not for two years
cle of arms or tentacles. [Gr. pous, podos, foot.] — performed the service constituting the condition of
Ceph'aletrip'sy, -st, n. (Surg.) Act of crushing tenure. [L., he has ceased.]
the head of the fetus in the womb, to effect deliv- Cession. See under Cede.
ery. [Gr. tribein, to grind.] Cess-pool, ses'pool, n. A cavity in the earth to re-
Ceramic, se-ram'ik, a. Pert, to pottery. [Gr. keramos, ceive sediment of water from drains. [Prop, sess-
potter's clay, pottery.] pool; Prov. E. soss, a mess of food, scraps, etc.,
Cere, ser, n. Naked wax-like skin at the base of birds' suss, hogwash.]
bills. —v. t. [cered (serd), cering.] To wax, or Cestus, ses'tus, n. A
girdle, esp. of Venus; a loaded
cover with wax. [L. cerare, ceratum, to wax, fr. cera, leather covering for boxers' hands. [L.]
W. ewyr. Ir. and Ga. ceir, Gr. keros, wax.] Cera'- — Cetacea, se-ta'se-a, n. pi. (Zobl.) An order £/££
ceous, -shus, a. Of the nature of, etc. Ce'rate, — of mammiferous marine animals, inclu-
-rat, n. (Med.) Thick ointment, made of wax, oil, ding whales. [L. cetus, whale, Gr. ketos, sea-
etc. —Ce'rated, a. Covered with, etc. CeriFer- — monster.] —
Ceta'cean, -shan, n. An ani-
OUB, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. [L. ferre, to bear.] — mal of the whale kind.— Ceta'ceous, -shus,
Ceru'men, n. The wax of the ear. [NL.] Ce'- — a. Pert, to, etc. —
Cetol'ogy, -jl. n. Nat-
rine, -rin, n. The part of bees-wax soluble in boil- ural history of, etc. [Gr. logos,' discourse.
ing alcohol. —
Cere'cloth, n. A
cloth smeared with Chafe, chaf, v. t. [chafed (chaft), chafing.'
melted wax. —
Cere'ment, n. A
cloth dipped in
— To excite heat or irritation in by friction; V,5BI
peBt u&
UB• .

melted wax, used in embalming bodies. to irritate; to fret and wear by rubbing; to
'

[OF.]

»m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, loe ; odd, tone, dr
 CHAFER 83 CHAMP
provoke, inflame. — v. To be
excited or heated;
i. Chaldron, chawl'drun or chal'drun, n. A dry meas-
to fret; to be worn hy rubbing. — n. Heat or irrita- ure for coals, usually of 36 bushels, but varying.
tion from friction agitation of the mind. [OF.
: [OF. See Caldron.]
chaufer, fr. LL. caleficare, L. calefacere, to make Chalet, shal'a, n. A Swiss wooden cottage; a summer-
warm.fr. c»lere,to grow warm, and facere, to make.] house on a mountain. [F.]
— Chafer, cha'fer, n. — Chafery, cha'iSr-T, n. A Chalice, chaKis, n. A cup; bowl: communion cup.
forge where metal is subjected to a welding heat.— [OF. calice, L. calix, Gr kulix, Skr. kalaca, cup.]
Chaffing -dish, re. A dish or vessel, holding coals, a Chalk, chawk, n. (Min.) A soft, white, earthy sub-
lamp, etc., to heat what is put upon it; a portable stance, consisting of carbonate of lime. v. t. —
grate. [chalked (chawkt), chalking.] To rub or mark
Chafer, cha'ier, n. An insect; cock-chafer; May-bug. with chalk. [AS. cealc, D., Dan., Sw., and G. /calk,
[AS. ceafor.] L. calx, lime-stone. See Calx.] French chalk. —
Chaff, chaf, re. The glumes, husk, or light, dry cover- Steatite or soap-stone, a soft magnesian mineral.
and
ing of grains grasses. (Bot.) Scales or bracts Red c. An indurated clayev ocher. To c. out. To —
ou the receptacle in composite plants. Worthless lay out, draw out, or describe. —
Chalk'y, -1, a. Of,
matter; refuse. [AS. ceaf, D. leaf, G. /cuff.] Chaf- — impregnated with, or like, etc. —
Chalk'iness, re. —
finch, re. A
singing bird of the finch family, feed- Chalk'-stone, n. (Med.) A concretion in the hands
ing on chaff. —
Chaffy, -T, a. Containing, like, or and feet of persons affected by gout.
light and worthless as, chaff. Challenge, chal'lenj, n. An invitation to contest; a
Chaff, chaf, re. Light, idle talk; ridicule. v. i. — sentry s demand of the countersign from those ap-
[chaffed (chaft), chaffing.] To use, etc., by way proaching his post; summons to single combat; de-
of fun or ridicule. — v. t. To make fun of, banter. mand made of a right; an exception to a juror or
[Corrupt of chafe.] voter. —
v. t. [-lenged (-lenjd), -lenging.] To
Chaffer, chaffer, v. i. [chaffered (-f erd), -fering.] call to a contest, call to answer, defy; to claim as
To treat about a purchase, bargain, haggle; to talk due, demand as a right, make exception or objec-
—
much or idly. v. t. To buy, purchase, exchange. tion to, object to as not qualified to vote. [OF. chu-
[AS. ceap, a bargain, price, and faru, a journey, busi- longe, calenge, a dispute, accusation, fr. L. calumnia,
ness.] —
Caaf'ferer, n. false accusation, caluere, to deceive; s. rt. calumny.)
Chagreen. See Shagreen. —Challengeable, a. —
Challenger, re.
Chagrin, sha-grin', 11. Ill-humor; vexation peevish- ; Challis, Chally, shal-ll, n. A
twilled, fine woolen
ness; mortification. — v. t. [chagrined (-grind''), fabric, for ladies' dresses. [F. chaly.]
-hrining.j To excite ill-humor in, vex, mortify. Chalybeate, ka-lib'e-at, a. Impregnated with some
[F., perh. meaning (E.) shagreen, Per. sagkri; pern, salt of iron. n.— Water, liquor, medicine, etc.,
fr. Genoese sagrina, to gnaw.] containing iron. [L. chalybs, Gr. chalups, steel.]
Chain, chan, re. A series of connected links or rings; Cham, kam, Khan, lean, re. The sovereign prince of
that which confines, fetters, or sec ares; a bond; a se- Tartary.
ries of things connected and following each other Chamade, sha-mad', n. (Mil.) Sound of a drum or
iu succession. (Surv.) An instrument for measur- trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley. [F., fr. L.
ing land, consisting of 100 links, being 4 rods, or 66 clamare, to_call.]
feet, in length. (Naut.) An iron plate bolted at the Chamber, chamber, n. A retired room, esp. an upper
lower end through the side to the ship's timbers. — room, for lodging, privacy, or study; a compartment
v. t. [chained (chand), chaining.] To fasten or or hollow, closea space; a place where an assembly
connect with, etc.; to enslave; to unite closely and meets; the assembly itself; the cavity in a fire-arm
strongly. [OF. chu'ene, chaine. It. and L. catena.'] — where the charge is put. (Law.) A private place
Chain'less, a. Without, etc.; unrestrained. -Chain '- where a judge sits to hear cases, and do judicial
bridge, n. A bridge suspended on chains; suspen- business out of court, —v. i. [-bered (-be"rd), -Ber-
sion bridge.
together.
laced rings.
———
gang, n. A gang of convicts chained
mail, n. Flexible armor made of inter-
pomp, re. A
ing.] To reside in or occupy as a chamber to be
wanton, —v. t. To shut up, as in a chamber. [OF.
chambre, L. caniara, camera, a chamber, vault, Gr.
;

pomp consisting of an end- kamara, vault, covered wagon.] Cham'berer, re.—

less chain, carrying disks, One who intrigues or is wanton. [Obs.] Cham'- —
passing upward through a ber-coun'sel, -coun'selor, -er, n. counselor whoA
wooden tube, and moving
on
Two
wheels. —shot, n. (Mil.)
cannon balls, con-
causes in court. —
gives his opinion privately, but does not advocate
maid, n. A
woman who cares
for chambers, or waits upon a lady.— Cham 'beriain,
An attendant in charge of the chambers, as
nected by a chain, to cut
down
n.
masts, etc. —
A kind of stitch in sew-
stitch,
-lin, re.
in a hotel; an officer of the private chambers of a
nobleman or monarch; one of the high officers of a
ing, made by interlocking court; a treasurer or receiver of public money. [OF.]
threads. — -wales, pi- re. — Cham'berlainship, n. Office of, etc.
(Faut.) Planks bolted to Chambrel, kam'brel, n. The
a ship's sides to spread the gambrel. See Gambrel.
lower rigging. See Chan- Chameleon, ka-mel'yun, re. A
nels. lizard-like reptile, whose color
Chair, char, re. A movable changes with that of objects
seat with a back, for one about it, or when its temper is
person: an official seat, as disturbed. [Gr. chamaileon,
of a judge ; hence, the of- lit. ground-lion =
dwarf lion,
fice itself; the presiding of- f r. chamai, on the ground, Chameleon.
ficerof an assembly; avehi- Chain-pump. creeping, and Icon, lion.]
c!e for one person; an iron Chamfer, chamber, v. t. [-fered (-ferd), -fering.]
block to support and secure railroad tracks, —v. t. (Carp.) To cut a groove or channel in; to flute. To
[chaired (chard), chairing.] To carry publicly cut or grind in a sloping manner; to bevel. Cham'- —
in a chair in triumph. [F. ehaire, pulpit, chaise, fer, Cham'fret, n. (Carp.) A small gutter in wood,
chair. OF. ehaiere, chaere, chair, fr. L. cathedra, groove, slope, or bevel. [Pg. chanfrar, to slope,
etc.;
Gr. kathedra, seat, chair, pulpit. See Cathedra.] hollow.]
— Chair'' man, re. ; pi. -men. The presiding officer of Chamois, sham'wa or sham'T, n. A
species of ante-
an assembly, committee, etc.; one who carries a lope living o n European
chair or sedan. —
Chairmanship, n. Office of, etc. mountain ridges; a 6of
— Chaise, shaz, n. A two-wheeled, one-horse car- leather, first prepared from
riage, with calash top. [F. See Chair.] its skin. [F.; MHG.
gamz,
Chalcedony, kal-sed'o-nY or kal'se-do-nf, n. (Min.) G. gemse.]
An uncrystallized, translucent variety of quartz, Chamomile. See Camomile.
usually whitish, and with a wax-like luster. [Fr. Champ, champ, v. t. [champed
Chalcechm, in Asia Minor.] (champt), champing.] To
Chalcography, kal-kog'ra-fT, n. Art of engraving on bite with repeated action of
copper or brass. [Gr. chalkos, copper, brass, and the teeth, bite into small
grapkem, to write.] —
Chalcog'rapher, -fer, -raphist, pieces, crush. —
v. i. To bite n
Cnamois.
-fist, n. An engraver on, etc. frequently. [Sw. kamsa, to
Chaldaic. kal-da'ik, Chalaee, kaKde or kal-de', a. chew with difficulty, champ; Ic. kiaptr, Gr. gampha,
Pert, to Chaldea. n.— Language of the Chaldeans. Skr. jambha, a jaw.] — Champ /
'er, re.

•tin, cube, full ; moon. cow, oil ; liegsr or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

CHAMPAGNE 84 CHARACTER
Champagne, sham-pan', n. A brisk, sparkling wine. Chant'ress, n. A female chanter. — Chant 'icleer,
[Fr. Champagne, France.] -I-kler, n. A cock, his voice in crowing being clear.
Champaign, sham-pan', n. A fiat, open country. — a. — Chant'ry, -rl, n. An endowed chapel where masses
Flat; level. [F. See Campaign and Camp.] for the souls of the donors are celebrated.
Champerty, cham'per-tl, n. Maintenance of a law- Chaos, ka'os, n. An empty, infinite space unoi^ ;
suit, with an agreement, if successful, to divide the ganized condition of matter before the creation of
thing in suit. [OF. champart, field-rent, L. campi the universe; a disordered mass or state of things;
pars— campus, field, and pars, share.] Cham'per- — confusion. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. chainein, to gape,
tor, -ter, n. One who purchases a suit, or right of
suing, and carries it on at his own expense, in order
yawn; s. rt. chasm, hiatus, yawn.] Chaot'ic, a. —
Resembling chaos; confused.
to obtain a shave of the gain. Chap, chap or chop, v. t. [chapped (chapt), chap-
Champion, cham'pT-un, n. One who engages in a ping.] To cleave or open longitudinally to split,
contest; esp. who contends in behalf of another in crack. — v. i. To crack or open in long slits. n.
;

single combat; one ready to fight all who offer.—
v. t. [-pioned (-und), -pioning.] To furnish with,
or attend as, etc. [OF.; LL. campio, a champion,
combatant in a duel, f r. campus, battle, duel, war.
—
See Camp.] Cham'pionship, n. State of being, etc.
Chance, chans, n. Absence of any defined cause for-
tuity casualty an event without assigned cause
; ;
possibility of an occurrence; luck; hazard; oppor-
— v.
tunity. i. [chanced (chanst),
happen, come, or arrive, without expectation. a.
Happening by chance casual fortuitous. [OF. ;
chaance, cheance, f r. LL. cadentia, that
out (esp. in dice-playing), fr. L. cadere, to fall.]
Chance'-med'ley, n. (Law.) The killing of another
in self-defense upon an unpremeditated encounter.
Chancel, chan'sel, n. That part of a church con-
taining the altar or communion table, formerly
inclosed with lattices. [OF. L. cancellus, a grating.
; be flattened and put under the arm. [F. bras, arm.]
See Cancel.] —
Chancery, chan'ser-T, n. A high
— A
cleft, gap, or chink in the flesh. Chap, chop, n. —
—
The jaw, generally in pi. [OD. koppen, D. happen,
Sw. kappa, Gr. koptein, to cut: s. rt. chip, chop.] —
Chap'fallen, chop'fawln, a. With the lower jaw
drooping; dejected; dispirited.
; Chap, chap, n. A man or boy; a youth. [Abbrev. of
chapman, fr. AS. ceap, trade. See Cheap.] Chap'- —
book, n. A small book, esp. one sold by hawkers. —
chancing.] To Chap'man, n. ; pi. -men. One who buys or sells; a
— merchant; itinerant dealer.
; Chaparral, chap-ar-ral', n. A
thicket of low ever-
which falls green oaks; thick bramble-bushes in clumps. [Sp.,
— fr. Basque acha, rock, and abarra, evergreen oakJ]
Chape, chap, n. A catch, as of a buckle; a metal tip
of a scabbard. [F., a cope, chape. See Cap.]
Chapeau, shap'o, n. ; pi. Chap'eaus, -6z. A hat. [F.]
— — Chapeau Bras, -bra. A military hat which can
Chapel, chap'el, n. A place of worship connected
;

court of equity equity proceedings in equity.

; ; with a church or with some establishment; in Eng.
[OF. chanceMe, the chancery or seal-office, a court, a dissenters' place of worship; a meeting-house; a
LL. cancettaria, record-room of a chancellor, fr. L. choir of singers at the court of a prince or noble-
cancellus, grating. See Cancel.] To get or hold in — man. [F. chapelle, OF. chapele, LL. capella, orig.
chancery. (Boxing.) To get the antagonist's head the sanctuary where the cope (cappa) of St. Martin
under one's arm, where it can be pommeled by the was preserved. See Cap.] —
Chap'lain, -lin, n. An
other fist; to have in one's power. Chan'cellor. — ecclesiastic who officiates in a chapel, or one attached
-sel-ler, n. A
high judicial officer; the chief judge of to a ship, regiment, public institution, family, etc.—
a court of chancery. [OF. chancelier, LL. canceU Chap'laincy, -sT, -ship, n. Office or station of, etc. —
larius, chancellor, orig. custodian of records.] — Chap'ellany, -la-nl, n. A chapel and jurisdiction
Chancellor of the exchequer: A
member of the Brit- within the precincts of a church. Chap'elry, -ri,—
ish cabinet, the highest finance minister of the gov- n. Bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel.
ernment. —
Lord nigh c. of England. The presiding Chapellet, chap'el-let, n. A
pair of stirrup leathers,
judge in the court of chancery, highest judicial offi- with stirrups. See Chaplet.
cer of the crown.— Chancellorship, n. Office of, etc. Chaperon, shap'er-oN, n. A hood or cap; a device on
Chancre, shan'ker, n. An ulcer, esp. a venereal sore. horses' foreheads in pompous funerals; one who
[F. See Cancer.] —
Chan'crous, -krus, «. Ulcerous. attends a lady in public as a protector. v. t. —
Chandelier,_Chandler, etc. See under Candle. [chaperoned (-ond), -oning.] To attend in public
Change, chanj, v. t. [changed (chanjd), changing.] places as protector. [F., a hood, aug. of chape, a
To alter or make different; to cause to pass from cape. See Cap.] —
Chap'eronage, -ej, n. Position
one state to another; to substitute another thing or protection of, etc.
for to vary, innovate, exchange to give other Chapiter, chap'I-ter, n. (Law.) summary of mat-A
;

money, of the same aggregate value, for; to become

;

ters to be inquired of before justices ; articles. —

acid or tainted. v. i. —To be altered, undergo vari- Chap'iter, Chap'trel, n. (Arch.) The capital of a
ation, pass from one phase to another, —n. Any al- pier or pilaster which receives an arch;
teration; a passing from one state to another; sub- an impost. [OF. chapitel, L. capitellum,
stitution of one thing for another alteration in ; capital of a column, dim. of caput, head.
the order of a series; permutation; that which makes See Capital and Chapter.]
a variety; small pieces of money, which may be Chaplain, etc. See under Chapel.
given for larger pieces; the balance of money paid Chaplet, chap'let, n. A
garland or wreath
beyond the price of goods purchased; building for for the head a string of beads used in
;

mercantile transactions. (Colloq. for exchange.) counting prayers. (Arch.) little* A

[OF. changier, changer, LateL. cambiare, to change, molding, carved into beads, olives, etc.
fr. L. cambire, to exchange.] Chan'ger, n. — — a chapellet a tuft of feathers on s
;

Change'able, -a-bl, a. Capable of change; appearing peacock's head a small chapel or shrine.
:

different under difference of circumstances: varia- [F. chapelet, a little head-dress, wreath,
ble; fickle; unstable. —
Change'ableness, -abil'ity, dim. of OF. chapel, hat, fr. chape. See
-tt, n. — Change'ably, adv. —
Changeful, a. Full
of change mutable.
; —
Change'fully, adv. — Chapman. See under Chap, n.
Chaptrel.
Change 'fulness, n. —
Change'less, a. Not admit- Chapter, chap'tSr, n. A division of a book. (Eccl
(Eccl.) A
ting alteration; constant. —
Change'ling, n. child A corporation composed of the clergy of a cat! thedral or
left or taken in the place of another one apt to ; collegiate church, and presided over by the dean.
change. —
a. Taken or left in place of another. An organized branch of a society or fraternity: meet-
Channel, chan'nel, n. The bed of a stream; esp. the ing of organized societies: place where delinquents
deeper part of a river or bay, where the main cur- receive discipline; a decretal epistle. [Same as chap-
rent flows. ( Ceog.) A
strait or narrow sea between iter; F. chapitre, fr. L. capitnlum, dim. of caput,
two portions of land. That through which any head. See Capitular.]
thing passes. (Arch.) A
gutter or furrow, as in a Char, Chare, char [Eng.], Chore, chor [Amer.], n.
column, pi. (Naut.) Planks bolted to the outside Work done by thei day; a single job or task. [ME.
of a vessel, for spreading the lower rigging, v. t. — chei-r, char, fr. AS. cierr, cyrr,D. keer, OHG.
"IG. cher, a
[-neled (-neld), -neling.] To form a channel in; turn, space of time.] Char'woman, — servant A
groove. [OF. chanel, canel, L. canalis. See Canal.] that works by the day.
Chant, chant, v. t. and i. To utter with a melodious Char, char, v. t. [charred (chard), charring.] To
voice, sing; to celebrate in song. (31us.) To sing reduce to charcoal by expelling volatile matter: to
after the manner of a chant. n. Song melody. — burn slightly; to hew, as stone. [ME. charren, to
(Mus.) Words recited to musical tones without mu-
;

turn.]— Char'coal, n. Coal made by charring wood.

sical measure. [F. chanter, L. cantare, freq. of ca- — Char'ry, -rt, a. Pert, to, or like, charcoal.
nere, to sing; s. rt. cant.] — Chant 'er, n. One who Character, kar'ak-ter, n. A distinctive mark; a letter,
chants ; the tenor or treble pipe in a bagpipe. — figure, or sign; manner of writing or printing sum ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r i
 CHARADE 85 CHAT
of qualities distinguishing one person or thing from to attract irresistibly, delight exceedingly, fasci-
another; good qualities, or the reputation of possess- nate, enchant, captivate to fortify with charm*
ing them; qualities belonging to an office or institu- or supernatural influences. v. i.
;

—
To act as a
tion estimate put upon a person or thin" reputa- charm, please greatly. [OF. charme, an enchant-
;

tion; force of will; energy; the possessoroi a certain

;

ment, fr. L. carmen, song, Skr. cams, to praise.] —

character: a person; account; description. v. t. To — Charm'er, n. One who, etc.; a magician— Charm'-
engrave, inscribe, distinguish by particular marks, fdl, a. Abounding with, etc. Charm'ing, p. a. —
characterize. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. charassein, to en- Bewitching; pleasurable. Charmingly, adv.—
grave.] —
Char'acterislic, -tical, a. Constituting the
—
Charnel, char'nel, a. Containing remains of dead
men or animals. [OF., fr. L. carnalis, carnal, fr.
character peculiar. Char'acteris'tic, n. That
;

which constitutes, etc., or distinguishes a person or caro, flesh. See Carnage.] —

Char'nel-house, n.
thing from another. (Mnth.) The index or expo- A place where bones of the dead are deposited.
nent of a logarithm. Char'acteris'tically, adv. — — Charqui, char'ke, n. In S. Amer., sun-dried beef,—
Characterize, -Iz, v. t. [-terized (-ter-izd), -izing.] corrupt, into jerked beef.
To mark with a peculiar figure; to describe the qual- Charry. See under Char.
ities of; to mark or express the character of desig- Chart, chart, n. A sheet of paper, pasteboard, etc., con-
nate, entitle. —Char' acteriza'tion, n. Act of, etc.
,

— taining information arranged methodically, or tab-

Char'acterless, a. Having no peculiar character. ulated; a map representing water and the adjacent
Charade, sha-rad', n. A composition describing enig- land. —
v. t. To lay down in a chart; to map. [L.
matically objects, expressed by each syllable of a ^harta, Gr. chartes, paper. See Card.] Charta '- — 1

word, separately, and then by the word as a whole. ceous, -shus, a. Resembling paper or parchment. —
[F.; perh. akin to Sp. charrada, speech of a clown, fr. Charier, n. ( O. Eng. Law.) A deed, or conveyance.
charro, a churl, peasant.] An instrument in writing, bestowing rights and
Charcoal. See under Char. privileges act of incorporation ; a special privilege
;

Chard, chard, n. A
variety of white beet blanched or immunity. (Naut.) The letting or hiring a ves-
leaves of the artichoke and other vegetables. [F.
;

sel by
special contract. v. t. —
[chartered (-tSrd),
carde, L. carduus, thistle.] -tering.] To establish by charter; to hire or let by
Charge, charj, n. The person or thing committed to charter, as a ship. [LL. chartarium, archives.] —
the care or management of another exercise of cus- ; Magna Charta, mag'na-karla. The charter of
tody or care office commission an earnest com- English liberties, obtained from King John, a. d-.
; ;

mand, exhortation, instruction, etc. whatever con-

;

1215. [L., great charter.] —

Char'ter-par'ty. -par'tT,
stitutes a burden on property costs expense, ;
;

;
— n. (Com.) A
conditional agreement for the hire of
usually in pi. account of that due from one party
; a vessel, between the owner or master and him who
to another; imputation: accusation; that quantity, as hires or freights it. [F. chartre partie. a divided
of ammunition, electricity, etc., which any appara- charter, the instrument being cut in two, one part
tus, as a gun, battery, machine, etc., is fitted to hold; for each contractor.] —
Chartism, -izm, n. The
onset; attack; signal for attack. (Her.) bearing A principles of a political party in Eng. who desired
on a field. An uncertain weight of lead, supposed reforms set forth in a document called the People's
to be 36 pigs, or 2,520 pounds. v. t. [charged — Charter. —
Chartl3t, n. A
pa. tisan of chartism. —
(charjd), charging.] To impose, as a load or burden, Chartography, kar-togl-a-fi, n. Cartography; map-
or as a task, duty, or trust to command, request, ; making.
etc., earnestly; to'give instructions to; to impose as a Chartreuse, shar-trez', n. A
Carthusian monastery in
tax; to place to the account of, as a debt to accuse ; France; an alcoholic cordial, distilled from aromat-
of; to place within or upon an apparatus or machine ic herbs. TF.]
the quantity it is fitted to contain to load to Chary, char'T, a.Not inclined to be free or liberal;
bear down upon, rush upon, fall on. v. i. To
;

— ;

close cautious.
; [AS. cearig, fr. ceam, care.] —
make an onset. [F., a load, charger, LL. carricare,'- Char'ily, -It, adv. —
Char'iness^ n.
to load, f r. L. carrus, a car. See Car.] Charge / — Chase, chas, v. t. [chased (cliast), chasing.] To
able, a. Capable of being charged, imposed, or im- Sursue, hunt: to urge onward, drive, persecute. n. —
puted subject to be charged or accused; creating [unting; pursuit; thing hunted: hunting ground.
;

expense: costly burdensome. Charge'ableness, n. — [OF. chacier, cachier, LL. caciare, to chase. See
—
—
;

—Charge 'ably, adv. Char'ger, n. One who, etc. Catch.] Chaster, re. One who, etc. (yaut.) gun A
a large dish, —
which bears a load; a horse. used in — at the bow or stern, for use in a chase.
charging war-horse.
; —
Charge" d' Affaires, shar-zha' Chase, chas, v. t. To engrave. [Contr. of enchase, q. v.]
—
daf-far'. A
diplomatic representative, to whom are n. The forward part of a gun from the trunnions
confided affairs of his nation, in the absence of an to the swell of the mouth, —
this part being formerly
ambassador. [F.] — Charga'ship, n. Office of, etc. engraved or embossed. See Cannon.
Charily, etc. See under Chary. Chase, chas, n. (Print.) An iron frame to confine
Chariot, char'T-ot, n. A
war car or vehicle a one- type, when arranged in columns or pages. [Same as
seated, four-wheeled carriage. v.t. To convey in — ;

case ; F. chasse, f r. L. cajjsa, box, case.]

a chariot. [F., fr. char, car. See Car.] Char'i- — Chasible. See Chasuble.
otee', n. A
tour-wheeled pleasure carriage with two Chimin, kazm, n. A
deep opening made by disrupture;
seats. —Char / ioteer /', n. driver. A a cleft; void space; gap; break. [L. and Gr. chasma.
Charity, charl-tT, n. Disposition to think favorably See Chaos.] —
Chasm'y, -T, a. Full of, etc.
of others, and to do them good ; liberality to the Chassepot, shas'po, n. A
breech-loading rifle, or
poor; alms any act of benevolence a charitable in-
; ; needle-gun, —
the French infantry arm. [F in- ;

stitution, or a gift to create and support such an in- ventor's name.]

stitution. [OF. charitet, f r. L. caritas, dearness, fr. Chasseur, shas-ser', n. (Mil.) One of a body of light
earns, dear. See Caress.]— Sisters of Charity. (Rom. cavalry. An attendant upon persons of raiik, wear-
Cath. Church.) Communities of nuns engaged in ing military plumes, etc. [F., a huntsman.]
works of mercy. —
Charitable, a. Full of love and Chaste, chast, a. Pure from unlawful sexual inter-
good will liberal to the poor pert, to, or springing
; ; course virtuous ; pure from obscenity, or from bar-
;

from, charity benevolent indulgent beneficent. ; : barous, affected, or extravagant expressions. [OF.,
— Charitableness, a. —Charitably,
;

adv. fr. L. castas, pure.]— Chaste'ress, Chas'tity, tT-tl,

Charivari, sha-re'va-re', n. mock serenade of dis- A n. —
Chastely. -11, adv. —
Chasten, chat a, b t-
cordant music. [F.] [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To correct by pumsnment;
Charlatan, sharla-tan, n. A quack; empiric; mounte- to inflict pain upon in order to reclaim, c-iastize s
bank. [F. ; It. ciarlatano, fr. ci.arlare, to prattle, to purify from errors or faults. [OF. chastie. castier,
—
,

ciarla, tittle-tattle.] Charlatanism, -izm, -tanry, fr. L. castigare. See Castigate.] —

Chast'sMier, »-
-rl, n. Pretension to skill: quackery. — Chastize, chas-hz', v. t. 1-tized (-tizd /'),- ,''^iNG.)
Charles's Wain, eharlz'ez-wan'. (Astron.) The clus- To chasten. [ME. chastisen. See above.]— Chas
ter of 7 stars in the constellation Ursa Major, or tisable, -tiz'a-bl, a. Deserving to be, etc. — CheW
Great Bear: the Dipper. [AS. carles-wsen, the tisement, -tiz-ment, n— Chasti3er. -tlz'er, n.
churl's or farmer's wain.]_ Chasuble, chaz'u-bl, Chasible, Cheslble, -T-bl, n-
Charlotte-RuBBe, sharlot-roos, n. dish of custard A (Eccl.) The upper vestment
of a priest in saying
or whipped syllabub, inclosed in cake. [F. char- mass, having an embroidered cross on the back, and
lotte, a dish of marmalade, and Rmse, Russian.] a pillar in front. [ME. chesible, F. chasuble, LL.
Charm, charm, n. Something possessing occult power casubula, dim. of LL. casula, a mantle, dim. of L.
or influence; that which attracts irresistibly: fasci- casa, house. See Cassock.]
nation. —
v.t. [charmed (channd), charming.] To Chat chat, v. i. To talk lightly and f a miliarly. n. —
subdue, control, or summon by occult influence ; Light, idle talk; prate. (Omith.) An America*
sun, cube, full ; moon, font ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;; ;

CHATEAU 86 CHENILLE
warbler family.— Chat'ter, v. i. [-tehed
bird, of the extricably in check. To arrest completely, termi-
Herd), -tering.] To utter inarticulate sounds re- nate. [F. 6chcc et mat, G. schackmatt, fr. Per. shah
sembling language; to talk idly, carelessly, or rapid- mat, lit. the king is dead.] —
Check'-roll, n. A list
ly to jabber, prate
—
; to make a noise by collision.
w. Sounds like a magpie's
:

idle talk. [Onomat.]

of employees. —
string, n. string by which one A
in a carriage or railroad car can call the attention of
— Chattera'tion, n. Act of, etc.
;

loquacity. — the driver or engineer. —

Check'er-ber'ry, n. (Bot.)
Chat'terer, n. A prater a noisy bird. ; Chatter-
;

— The partridge-berry; also, the wintergreen.— -board,

box, n. An incessant talker. —
Chat'ty, -tl, a. n. Board for playing checkers upon.
Conversing freely; talkative. —
Chat'tiness, n. Cheddar, ched'der, n. A
kind of cheese made at
Chateau, sha-to', n. ; pi. -teaux, -toz'. A castle a ; Cheddar, in England.
country-seat. [F.] —Chateaux en Espagne. Castles Cheek, chek, n. The side of the face; assurance; im-
in Spain, — i. e., in the air. —
Chatelet, shat'e-la, n. pudence, pi. (Mech.) Pieces of a machine which
A little castle. [F., dim. of chateau, chastel. See form corresponding sides, or are similar and in pairs.
Castle.] — ChaVellany, -la-nl, n. Lordship or pi. (Founding.) The middle part of a flask having
jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. — more than two parts. [AS. ceace, D. kaak, Sw. kek,
Chat'elaine, -e-lan, n. A chain at a lady's waist-belt, kak; s. rt. ./aw;, orig. chaw,.] Cheek by jowl. In—
for watch, trinkets, keys, etc. [F., lady of the cas- familiar proximity close. —
Cheek'y, -X, a. Impu-
;

tle, —
who wore keys at her girdle.} dent; brazen-faced.
Chatoyant, sha-toi'ant, a. {Min.) Having a change- Cheep. See Chirp.
able luster, like a cat's eye in the dark. n. A — Cheer, cher, n. The countenance and its expres-
hard stone, as the cat's eye species of chalcedony, sion; state of feeling or spirits; state of gayety or
which, when polished, presents an undulating light. mirth provisions for a feast; entertainment ex-
; ;

[F., p. pr. of chatoyer, fr. chat, cat.] pression of good spirits, by shouting, acclamation,
battel, chaftl, n. (Law.) Any property- except etc. ; applause encouragement.
; v. t. [cheered —
freehold, or things which are parcel of it. [ME. arid (cherd), cheering.] To cause to rejoice, render
OF. chatel, same as catel. See Capital, Cattle. cheerful; to infuse life, courage, hope, etc., into;
Chatter, Chatty, Chatterbox, etc. See Chat. to urge or salute by cheers. —
v. i. To krow cheer-
Chaud-medley, shod'med-lY, n. {Law.) The killing ful, become gladsome. [OF. chere, L£. cara, the
in an affray, while under the influence of passion, face, Gr. kara, Skr. ciras, the head.] Cheer'er, »». —
— opp. to chance-medley, killing in self-defense, or in — Cheer ful, -ful, a. Having good spirits; calmly
a casual affray. fF. chaude meue", f r. chaud, hot, and joyful; promoting happiness; expressing joy; lively;
meskr, meler, to mingle J animated; sprightly. —
Cheer'fully, adv. Oheer'- —
Chauffeur, sho'fSr', n. One who manages the run- fulness, n. —
Cheerily, adv. With cheerfulness. —
ning of an automobile. [F. chauffeur, lit. a stoker.] Cheer'iness, n. —
Cheerlngly, adv. Cheerless, a. —
Chauvinism, sho'vin-izm, n. Fanatical patriotism ; Without joy, gladness, or comfort; gloomy; dreary.
blind adherence to an obsolete party, leader, or idea. — Cheerlessness, n.— Cheerily, a. Gay not gloomy.
—
;

[Fr. Chauvin, a character in Scribe's play, " Soldat adv. In a cheerful manner; heartily. Cheer'y, —
Laboureur," grotesquely devoted to Napoleon I.] — -T, a. In good spirits; lively; promoting, or tending
Chau'viniat, n. A
pugnacious politician. to promote, cheerfulness.
Chaw, chaw, v. t. [chawed (chawd), chawing.] To Cheese, chez, n. Curd of milk, separated from the
masticate, as food; to ruminate, as the cud; to re- whey, and pressed; a mass of ground apples pressed
volve and consider. n.— Orig., the jaw; as much as together. [AS. cese, cyse, f r. L. caseus?} Chees'y, —
the mouth holds a chew. [Once in good use, but Like cheese. —
Cheese'-cake, n. A cake made
;

now vulgar. See Chew.]

Cheap, c-hep, a. Bearing a low price of small cost ;
of curds, sugar, and butter.
wingless insect found in cheese.
-T.
mite, n. A minute
monger, -mun'-
——
of small value. [AS. ceap, price, D. koop, Ic. kaup, ger, n. A dealer in, etc. -press, n. A press for ex- —
Sw. hop, a bargain AS. ceapian, to cheapen, buy.]
; pelling whey from curd in making cheese.
— Cheapen, che'pn, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To Cheet, chet, v. i. To chatter or chirrup. See Chirp.
attempt to buy, chaffer for, beat down the price of. Cheetah, chela, n. The hunting leopard of India.
— Cheap'ener, n. — Cheaply, adv. At a small price. [Hind. chitaJ,
Chef-d'oeuvre, sha / doovr
/r
n. ; pi. Chefs-d'oeuvre. , A
Cheat, ch5t, v. t. To deceive and defraud to trick, master-piece; capital work in art, literature, etc. [F.]
:

outwit, impose on. n. —

An act of deception a Chegre. Chegoe. See Chigoe. ;

fraud; trick; imposture; one who cheats. [Abbrev. Cheiloplasty, kilo-plas-ti, n. {Surg.) Operation of
of escheat, q. v.] — Cheafer, n. forming an artificial lip from adjacent healthy flesh.
Check, chek, n. A sudden or continued restraint [Gr. cheilos, a lip, and plassein, to form.]
hindrance obstruction ; a mark put against items, Cheliform, kel'Y-fdrm, a. Having a movable joint,
;

in going over a list a token to identity a thing or

; which grasDs by closing against a preceding joint
person. {Com.) An order for money, payable on or projecting part of it, as in a crab's claw. [Gr.
sight. Any counter-register used as security, as chek, claw, and L. forma, form.]
the correspondent cipher of a bank-note a kind of Chelonian, ke-lo'nT-an, a. Pert, to, or designating,
;

checkered cloth, as plaids, etc. (Chess.) Exposure the tortoise kind. [Gr. chelone, tortoise.]
of the king to the attack of an adversary's piece. Chemise, she-mez', n. A shift, or under-garment, for
—
A small chink or cleft. v. t. [checked (chekt), females a wall lining an earthwork. [F., fr. LateL. ;

checking.] To put restraint upon to hinder, re- camisia, a shirt, fr. Ar. qamis, shirt, garment of lin-
;

press, curb; to rebuke or reprove to make a mark; en.] —

Chemisette, shem'e-zet', n. An undergar-
against, as against names, etc., in a list; to compare ment worn over the chemise. [F., dim. of chemise.']
with a counterpart for correctness.— v. i. To make a Chemistry, kemls-trT, n. Science of the composition
stop, pause; to clash or interfere; to crack, as wood; of substances and changes which they undergo. [Gr.
to crack in checks, as paint, etc. [F. ichec, OF. chemeia. See Alchemy.] — Inorganic "hemistry.
eschec, meaning, in the game of chess, mind your That which treats of inorganic or mineral substan-
'

king," fr. Per. shah, king, the principal piece in ces. —

Organic c. That which treats of substances
chess; F- dchecs, chess, escnequier, chess- or checker- forming the structure of organized beings, and their
board, also exchequer.] —
Cheekier, v. t. [-ered products, whether animal or vegetable. Practical —
(-erd), -ering.] To variegate with cross-lines ; to or Applied c. That which treats of chemical prod-
form into squares to diversify with different qual- ucts useful in the arts or for economical purposes.
ities, scenes, etc. — ;

n. One who, etc. a piece in the ; —

Pure c. That which treats of the elemental con-
game of draughts or checkers.— Check'er, Check'er- stitution of substances and their laws of combina-
work, -werk, n. Work varied alternately as to colors tion. Chemist, n. One versed in, etc. — Chemlc, —
or materials. — Check'ers, -Srz, -ical, a. Pert, to, or resulting from the operations
Draughts, — a game played on a of the phenomena of, etc. Chemically, adv. — —
board of 64 squares of alternate Chemicals, -alz, n. pi. Substances producing chem-
colors. — Cheeky, Checquey, ical effects. Chemlsm, -izm, n. Chemical attrac- —
chek'Y, n. (Her.) A field or ar- tion; affinity.— Chemltype, -t-tip, n. {Engraving.)
morial bearing divided in check- An impression in relief, procured by chemical pro-
ers. —
Check' mate, -mat, n. The cess, which may be printed from on a printing press.
move in chess which renders fur- [These words were formerly written with y or i, in-
ther moving impossible, and ends stead of e, in the first syllable, chymistry or chimistry,
the game; a complete check, de- etc. and pronounced accordingly.] ;

feat, or overthrow. —
v. t. {Chess.) Chenille, she-neK, n. Tufted cord, of silk or worsted,
To put (the adversary's king) in- Cheeky used in ladies' dresses. [F., a caterpillar.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; odd, tone, dr
 CHEQUE CHIMERA
Cheque, Chequer. See Check, Checker. chick. —
Chick'en-heart'ed, a. Timid, —like a
Cherish, cherish, v. t. [cherished (-isht), -ishing.] chicken. pox, n. (Med.) A mild disease of chil-
To treat with tenderness; to hold dear, foster, com- dren, contagious and eruptive. —
Chick-pea. -pe, n.
fort, support. [F. cherir. fr. cher, L. cams, dear. See A species of pea, used as lentils. See Chich. —
Caress.] —
Cherlsher, n. -weed, n. A creeping weed, eaten by fowls.
Cheroot, she-roof, n. A
kind of cigar. Chickadee, chik'a-de , n. A bird of North America;
7

Cherry, cher'ri, n. (Bot.) A small stone-fruit, and the black-cap tit-mouse, —

named from its note.
the tree which bears it. A
cordial composed of Chickaree, chick'a-re', re. The Amer. red squirrel.
cherry-juice and spirit. a. —
Of the color of, etc.; Chicory, chik'o-rT, re. A
plant used for adulterating
red. [OF. cerise, \,._ cerasus, Gr. kerasos.] coffee; succory; endive. [F. chicore'e,L cichorium, l .

Chersonese, kefso-nes, n. A
peninsula. [Gr. cher- Gr. kichorion.}
sonesos, fr. chersos x land, and nesos, island.] Chide, chid, v. t. [imp. chid or (obs.) chode; p. p.
Chert, chert, n. (Min.) An
impure, flint-like quartz chid or chidden chiding.] To rebuke, reproach,
orhornstone. [Celtic; Ir. ceart, pebble, Ga. can; a blame, scold. — ;

v. i. To find fault; to make a rough,

shelf of rock.] clamorous, roaring noise. [AS. cidan.] Chi'der, n. —
Cherub, chEfub, n. ; pi. CherIbs; Hch.pl. Cher'- Chief, chef, a. Highest in rank or office; most emi-
UBIM. (Script.) A mysterious composite being, de- nent, influential, or important: principal; prime.
scribed in Ezek. i. and x. one of two symbolical
; n. Head or leader; chieftain; commander; most im-
figures, forming the Mercy-seat upon the Ark of the portant person or thing. (Her.) The upper part of
Covenant. One of an order of angels; a beautiful the escutcheon. [OF. chief, chef, fr. L. caput, the
child, —artists having represented cherubs as_beau- head.] —
In chief. At the head. (Eng. Law.) From
tiful children. [Heb. ke.rub.] Cherubic, -roo'bik, — the king. — Chiefly, adv. In the first place: prin-
-bical, a. Pert, to, etc.; angelic. cipally; above all; for the most part. Chief baf- —
Cherup, chefup, v. i. To chirp. v. t. To excite — on, n. (Eng. Law.) Presiding judge of the court
by chirping. —n. A
short, sharp noise, as of a crick- of exchequer. —
-jus'tice, -tis, n. Principal judge
et. See Chirp. of a supreme court. —
Chieftain, -tin, «. The head
Chesible. See Chasuble. of a troop, army, or clan leader. [OF. chevetaine,
;

Chess, ches, n. A game played by two persons on a fr. LL. capitanus; same as captain.'] —Chief taincy,
board containing 64 squares. [Fr. Per. shah, king, — -sT, -tainship, n. Rank or quality of, etc.
—
the principal piece. See Check.]
The board used in, etc.
Chess, ches, n. (Bot.)
—Chess-board, n.
man, re. Piece used, etc.
A
kind of grass growing among
Chiffonier, she-fo / nT-a / or shif-fon-ef, n.
'
recepta-
cle for rags or shreds; a movable closet; a rag-picker.
[F., fr. chiffon, _rag.]
A

wheat. [Per. khas, evil, weed, thistle.] Chignon, shen'yoN, n. A

woman's back-hair knotted
Chest, chest, n. A
box, to hold articles; the part of at the back of the head. [F., nape of the neck.]
the body inclosed by the ribs and breast-bone; tho- Chigoe, chig'o, Chigle, -ef, r, Chig'ger, Jig'ger, »
rax. (Com.) A
case for transporting tea, opium, flea-like insect of tropicalI AAmer. [Sp. cliico, small.]
etc; quantity such a case contains. [AS. cyste, L. Chilblain. See under Chill.
cista, Ga. kiste, chest, box.] Child, child, re. ; pi. Children, chifdren. son or A
Chestnut, Chesnut, ches'nut, n. (Bot.) The fruit of daughter; immediate progeny of human parents; a
a tree, inclosed in a prickly pericarp or bur; the tree young person, pi. Descendants. [AS. did, D. and
itself: its timber. a. —
Of the color of a chestnut; G. kind; fr. Goth, kilthei, the womb.] To be with —
reddish brown. [OF. chastaigne, L. castanea, Gr. child. To be pregnant. —
Chihfhood, n. State of a
kastanon, fr. Castana, in Pontus.] child; time in which one is a child. Chihfish, a. —
Chetafe. See Cheetah. Of, or pert, to, etc.; puerile. —
Childishly, adv. —
Cheval-de-frise, shvaf de-frez, n. ; pi. Chevaux-de- Childishness, re. State or qualities of, etc.; weak-
f E I S e , shvo'-de-f rez ; F. ness of intellect. —
Childless, n. Destitute of off-
pron. shvod'frez''. (Mil.) spring. —
Childlessness, n. —
Chihflike, a. Like,
A timber traversed with etc.; submissive; dutiful. —
Child 'bear'ing, -barr-
spikes, used
for defense. ing, n. Act of producing children. bed, -bed, n.
[F., fr. cheval, horse, and State of a woman bringing forth a child, or in labor;
Frise, Friesland.l parturition. birth, -berth, n. Act of bringing forth
Chevalier, shev-a-ler", n. A Cheval-de-frise. a child; travail labor. —
Child's play. Trifling or
—
;

horseman ; knight gallant young man a member

; ;
of certain orders of knighthood. [F., fr. cheval,
horse. See Cavalier, under Cavalcade.]
Cheveril, chev'er-il, n. Soft leather made of kid-
skin; a yielding disposition. a. Pliable. [OF.
chevrel, kid, dim. of chevre, L. capra, goat.]
Cheviot, chevl-ut, n. A rough cloth for men's wear,
— named from the wool of sheep bred in the Cheviot
Hills, Scotland.
Chevisance, shev'T-zans, n. (Law.) A making of con-
tracts; bargain; an unlawful agreement or contract.
[OF., fr. chevir, to come to an end, perform.]
Chevron, shevlun, n. (Her.) honorable ordi-
nary, representing two rafters of a house meeting
at the top. (Mil.) Distinguishing marks on the
sleeves of non-commissioned officers. (Arch.) A
zigzag ornament. [F., rafter.]
Chew, chob, v. t. [chewed (chobd), chewing.] To
bite and grind with the teeth, masticate; to rumi-
nate mentally, meditate. v. i. —
To perform the
action of, etc. to meditate.
; re. —
Thing chewed, or
held in the mouth at once; a cud. [AS. ceowan, D.
kaawen, OHG. chiuwan, G. kauen, to chew.]
Chiaro-oscuro, Chiar-oscuro. See Clare-obscure.
Chibouque, -beuk, che-book', n. A Turkish tobacco
pipe. [Turkish.]
Chic, shek, n. Style; knack, —a. Stylish. [F., little.]
Chicane, shlf-kan', n. An artful subterfuge, esp. ap-
plied to legal proceedings; shift; cavil; sophistry.—
v. i. To use artifices. [F., f r. OF. chicaner, to
wrangle, pettifog, fr. Mediaeval Gr. tzukanion, fr.
Per. chaugan, a bat used in the game of polo.]
Chic&'ner, n. One who, etc.; a ca viler unfair dis-
putant. —Chica'nery, -ner-Y, n. Mean or unfair ar-
easy work. Chif dermasday, n. An anniversary
(Dec. 28), in commemoration of the children slain
by Herod; Innocents' Day. [child, yna*s. and day.]
Childe, child, in Amer. ; child or child, in Eng., re. A
— title formerly prefixed to the oldest son's name.
Chiliad, kill-ad, n. A thousand; esp. 1,000 years. [Gr.
chilias.] —
Chif iarch, -ark, n. The commander of
1,000 men. [Gr. archos, leader, f r. arcliein, to lead.] —
Chifiasm, -azm, n. The doctrine of Christ's per-
sonal reign on earth during the millennium. Chif - —
iast, n. A
milVenarian.
Chill, chil, a. Moderately cold; tending to cause shiv-
An ering; cool; formal; distant; depressed: dispirited.
— n. A
disagreeable sensation of coolness, with
shivering; a check to enthusiasm or warmth of feel-
ing; discouragement. (Metal.) method of cast- A
ing iron, so as quickly to cool the surface; a mold in
—
which to cast iron. r. t. [chilled (child), chill-
ing.] To strike with a chill, make chilly, affect
with cold; to check enthusiasm, depress, discour-
age. (Metal.) To produce, by sudden cooling, a
change of crystallization near the surface, increas-
ing the hardness of the metal. [AS. cyle, cele, cold-
ness, fr. celan, to cool, fr. col, cool.] Chilfy, -T, a. —
Moderately cold. —
Chilliness, Chilf ness, n. —
Chif Main", -blan, n. A blain on hand or foot, caused
bv cold. —
v. t. To produce chilblains upon.
— Chimb, Chime, chlm, Chine, n. Edge of a cask, formed
by the ends of the staves. [LG. kimm, D. kim.]
Chime, chlm, n. Harmonious sound of bells, or other
musical instruments; a set of bells tuned to one an-
— other ;correspondence of proportion, relation, or
; sound. —
i'. i. [chimed (chlmd), chiming.] To
sound in harmonious accord to be in harmony
—
; ;

tifice, to perplex a cause trick: quibble.; correspond; to jingle, as in rhyming, v. t. To

Chich, chich, n. A dwarf pea; chick-pea. [L. cicer.~)
r

move, strike, or cause to sound in harmony. [OP.

Chick, chfk, Chicken, chik'en, n. The young of fowls, c.imbale, cymbale, L. cymbalum, Gr. kumbalon, cym-
esp. of the domestic hen; a young person. [AS. bal. See Cymbal.] —
Chf mer, n.
cu.*n, 4im. of cocc, cock.] —
Chickling, n. A little Chimera, kt-me'ra, n. (Myth.) A monster vomiting

1, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 a

CHIMNEY 88 CHLORINE
flames, and having a lion's head, goat's body, and -si, n. Divination by inspection of the hand; palm-
dragon's tail. A vain or foolish fancy. [L. chi- istry. [Gr. manteia, divination.] Chi 'roman'cer, —
nisera, Gr. chimaira, she-goat, monster.] — Chimer- -ser, -man'tist, n. One who divines, etc. Chiron '- —
ical, -mSr^ik-al, a. Merely imaginary; capable of omy, -ml, n. Gesture. [Gr. nomos, law.] Chi'ro- —
no existence except in thought; fantastic; delusive. plast, n. {Mus.) An instrument to teach fingering.
— Chimer'ically, adv. [Gr. plassein, to shape.] —
Chirop'odist, n. One who
Chimney, chim'hY, n. ; pi. Chim'neys, -niz. Passage treats diseases of the hands and feet; esp. one who
through which smoke is carried off; a glass tube removes corns, warts, etc. [Gr. potts, podos, foot.]
above a flame, to create draught and promote com- — Chirurgeon, -rer'jun, n. A
surgeon. [F. chirur-
bustion. {Mining.) A
rich spot in a lode. [OF. gien, fr. Gr. cheir and ergein, to work.] Chirur /'- —
cheminie, LL. caminata, chimney, fr. L. caminus, gery, -jer-I, n. Surgery.
hearth, forge, flue.] —
Chim'ney-piece, n. shelf A Chirp, cherp, v. i. [chirped (cherpt\ chirping.] To
above a Are place. pot, n. A
cylinder of earthen make a short, sharp sound, as fowls, birds, crickets,
ware at the top of chimneys, to prevent smoking. — etc., do. —
v. t. To make cheerful, enliven.— n. A
A short, sharp note. [E.; onomat.; cf. D. kirren, to
etc.—
-swal'low, n. {Ornith.)

Chimpanzee, chim-pan'ze,
swallow which builds in,
sweep, -sweep'er, n. One who cleans, etc
The African orang-
coo, OHG. kirran, to creak, L. garrire, to chatter,
Gr. gerus, speech, Skr. gir, the voice.] Chirp'er, —
outang, a species of mon- n. — Chirrup, chTr'rup, v. t. [chirruped (-rupt),
key resembling man. chirruping.] To quicken or animate by chirping;
Chin, chin, n. The lower ex- to cherup. —
v. i. To chirp. n. Act of chirping;—
tremity of the face, below chirp. — Chir'rupy, -T, a. Cheerful; chatty.
the mouth. [AS. cin, chin, Chisel, chiz'el, n. An instrument sharpened to a cut-
D. kin, Dan. and Sw. kin ', ting edge, used in carpentry, joinery, sculp-
Ic. and G. kinn, OHG. ture, etc. —v. t. [chiseled (-eld), -eling.] To
chinni, L. gena, Gr. genus, cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a chisel; to
cheek, Skr. hanu, jaw.] cut close, as in a bargain. [OF. cisel, L. sicili-
China, chi'na, n. A
species cula, dim. of sicilis, sickle, f r. secare, to cut.]
of earthen ware originally Chisleu, chis'lu, n. The 9th month of the He-
made in China ; porcelain brew year, —parts of November and Decem-
— Chi'na as'ter. (Bot.) A ber. [Heb. kisleu.]
species of the Aster fam- Chisley, chiz'Ti, a. Having a large admixture
ily, having large flowers. of pebbles or gravel, —
said of a soil between
— C. grass. (Bot.\ An Asi-
Chimpanzee.
sand and clay. [AS. ceosel, gravel.]
atic nettle, having fibers Chit, chit, n. The first germination of a plant;
used for ropes, textile fabrics, etc. ramie. a shoot; sprout; a child or babe. [AS. cidh,
Chincapin, chink'a-pin, n. {Bot.) The dwarf chest-
;

shoot, sprig; s. rt. child, kith, kin.] Chifty, —

nut. [F. chinquapin.} -tY, a. Full of sprouts. —
Chifchat, n. Famil--. ,
^msei.
Chinch, chinch, n. The bed-bug; an insect resem- iar or trifling talk; prattle.
bling the bed-bug in odor, destructive to grain. [Sp. Chitine, chi'tin, n. {Chem.) A
peculiar principle,
chinche, bug, fr. L. cimex.] containing nitrogen, found in the skin of insects and
Chinchilla, chin-chiKla, n. A small rodent animal, shell of crustaceans. [Gr. chiton, corselet.] Chi'- —
having soft pearly-gray fur. [Sp.] tinous, -us, a.
ough, chin'kawf
Chincough, chin'kawf, n. {Med.) Hooping-cough, Chitterlings, chifter-lingz, n. pi. {Cookery.) The
l
E -prop, chink-cough; chink Scot, kink, to labor = smaller intestines of swine, etc., fried for food.
for breath in coughing; D. kinkhoest, Sw. kikhosta, [AS. cwidh, belly.]
chmcough, fr. Sw. kikna, to gasp.] Chivalry, shiv'al-rt, n. A
body of knights serving on
Chine, chin, n. The back-bone or spine of an animal; horseback; cavalry; the dignity or system of knight-
a piece adjoining the back-bone, cut for cooking. hood; practice of knight-errantry; qualifications or
See Beef. The chimb of a cask. v. t. To sever — character of knights. {Eng. Law.) tenure of A
the back-bone of. [OF. eschine, spine, fr. OHG. lands by knight's service. [OF. chevalerie, horse-
skina, a needle; perh. s. rt. L. spina, a thorn, spine.] manship, knighthood, fr. cheval, horse. See Caval-
Chink, chink, n. A small cieft or fissure; a gap or cade.]— Chiv'alric, -alrous, -rus, a. Pert, to, etc.}
crack. —
v. i. To crack, open. v.t. To open, or — gallant. —
Chiv'alrously, adv.
form a fissure in; to fill up the chinks of. [AS. Chives. See Cives.
emu, a chink, crack, f r. cinan, to split, crack, chap.] Chlorine, klo'rin, n. {Chem.) A
heavy gas of green-
— Chink'y, -I, a. Full of chinks; gaping. ish color, —
a constituent of common salt. [Gr.
Chink, chink, n. A clink, or sharp sound, as of metal chloros, pale green, fr. chloe, verdure, grass, Skr.
struck lightly money cash.
; v. t. —
[chinked hari, green, yellow.] —
Chlo'ric, a. Pert, to, or ob-
—
;

(chinkt), chinking.] To cause to sound by collis- tained fr., etc. Chlo'i-ate, n. salt formed by A
ion. —v. i. To make a small, sharp sound, as by the union of chloric acid with a base. Chlo'ride, —
the collision of metal. [Onomat. See Clink, Jin- -rid, n. A
compound of chlorine with another ele-
gle.] ment. —Chloride of lime. A
combination of lime
Chinquapin. See Chincapin. and chlorine, used in bleaching and disinfecting. —
Chinse, chins, v. t. {Naut.) To thrust oakum into Chlorid'ic, a. Pert, to a chloride. Chlo'riaize, —
the seams or chinks of. -iz, -idate, -at, v.
t. To treat with a chloride esp.
Chintz, chints, rc. Cotton cloth, printed in different CPhot. ) To cover a plate with chloride of silver.
;

—
colors. [Hind, chhint, spotted cotton cloth, chhinta, \
Chlo'rous, -rus, a. Electro-negative; noting an acid
spot, chhintna, to sprinkle.] containing equal parts of chlorine and oxygen.—
Chip, chip, v. t. [chipped (chipt), chipping.] To Chlorina^tion, n. A
process for extracting gold by
cut into small pieces. v. i. —
To break or fly off in exposing auriferous material to chlorine gas. —
small pieces. —n. A
piece of wood, stone, etc., sep- Chlo/ral, n. A
liquid compound of chlorine, car-
arated by a cutting instrument; fragment broken '
bon, hydrogen, and oxygen, obtained by the action
off. [E., dim. of chop ; G. and OD. kippen, OSw. of chlorine upon alcohol. [Fr. chlor{ine) and al-
kippa.] —Chip bon'net, Chat. Head-coverings made cohol).']— Chloral hydrate. A
compound of chloral
©f wood split into filaments.
J

with water, —
used as a hypnotic. Chlo'ralism, —
Chipmunk, -monk, chip'munk, -muck, -muk, n. A -izm, n. A
morbid condition, from excessive use of
squirrel-like animal; the striped squirrel. chloral.— ChloraPum, n. An impure solution of
Chipping-bird, chip'ping-berd, n. An Amer. sparrow. chloride of alumina, —
antiseptic and disinfectant.
Chirograph, ki'ro-graf, n. {Old Law.) A writing re- — Chlo'rodyne, -din, n. An anodyne medicine
quiring a counterpart, —
a charter-party the last ; containing chloroform, opium, etc. Chlo'roform, —
part of a fine of land, commonly called the foot of n. A volatile compound of carbon, hydrogen, and
the fine. [Gr. cheir, the hand (OL. Mr, hand, Skr. chlorine,— an important but dangerous anaesthetic
hri, to seize), and graphein, to write.]— Chirogra- agent. — v. t. To treat with, or place tinder the in-
pher, -rog'ra-fer, n. One proficient in writing.— fluence of, etc. [Fr. chlor{ine) and form{yl), fr. L.
Chirographic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Chirog'- — formica, an ant, formic acid having been originally
raphist, n. A
chirographer; one who tells fortunes obtained fr. red ants.] —
Chloronreter, n. An in-
by examining the hand. —
Chirog /'raphy, -ft, n. Art strument for testing the strength of chloride of lime.
of writing ; writing done with one's own hand; [Gr. metron, measure.] —
Chlorom /'etry, n. Act of
handwriting. —
ChiroPogy, -jf n. Communication testing, etc. —
Chlo'rophyl, -til, n. {Bot.) The green
of thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers;
,

coloring matter of plants. [Gr. phullon, a leaf.] — ,

dactylology. [Gr. logos, speech.] Chi'roman'cy, — Chloro'sis, -ro'sis, n. {Med.) Green sickness, —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, te"rm Ice . Odd, t5ne, 6r;
 CHOCK 89 CHRIST
disease of young females. (Bot.) A disease in dispute. (Naut.) To veer or shift suddenly. [Same
plants, giving them a pale hue. as cheap, cheapen ; D. hoo/ien, to buy, barter.]
Chock, chok, v. t. To stop or fasten as with a wedge, Chop, chop, n. Quality; brand; a permit or clearance.
block, etc. — v. i. To fill up, as a cavity. — re. Some-
thing to confine a cask, etc., by fitting into the space Chops, Chop-fallen, etc. See under Chap.
around or beneath it. [See Choke.]— Chock'-full, Chopin, chop'in, n. A high patten formerly worn by
-fill, a. Completely full. ladies a Scottish liquid measure, containing a quart.
;

Chock, chok, v. i. To encounter. n. An encounter. — [G. schoppen, a liquid measure, orig. a scoop, fr.
[F. choc, a shock. See Shock.] schopfen, to scoop.]
Chocolate, chok'o-lat, n. A
paste made from the seeds Choral. Chorister, Chorus, etc. See under Choir.
of the Theobroma cacao ; the beverage made by dis- Chord, k6rd, n. String of a musical instrument. (Mus.)
solving chocolate-paste in boiling water. [Sp., fr. A harmonious combination of tones simultaneous-
Mexican chocolatl.] ly performed. (Geom.) A
right line, uniting the
Chogset, chog'set, n. An edible salt-water fish; the extremities of the arc of a circle. See Segment. —
burgall, Conner, or blue perch. v. t. To provide with musical chords or strings. [L.
Choice. See under Choose. chorda, Gr. chord e; same as cord.]
Choir, Quire, kwlr, n. An organized company of Chore, clior, n. A
small job. pi. Jobs about the house,
singers. (Arch.) The part of a church appropri- barn, etc., to be attended to at set times. [See
ated to the singers the chancel.
; The corporate Char.]
body of a cathedral. [OF. ckoeur, fr. L. chorus, Gr. Chorea, ko-re'a, n. (Med.) St. Vitus's dance; a dis-
choros, band of singers.] —
Chorus, ko'rus, n. Orig. ease attended with irregular movements of the vol-
a dance in a ring, round dance; a dance with sing- untary muscles. [Gr. choreia, dance.]
ing, band of singers and dancers; that which is sung Choree, ko-re', n. (Anc. Pros.) A trochee, or foot of
hy, etc.; part of a song in which the company join 2 syllables, the 1st long and the 2d short; a tribrach,
the singer. —
Cho'ral, a. Pert, to a choir; sung in or foot of 3 short syllables. [Gr. cJioreios, pert, to a
chorus, — n. (Mus.) A
hymn-tune. Cho'rally, —
— chorus. See Choir.] —
Choriamb, ko'rl-amb, n.
adv. — Choragic, -raj'ik, a. Pert, to a choragus, (Anc. Pros.) A foot of 4 syllables, the first and last
the leader of a musical entertainment. [Gr. cho- long, the others short that is, a choree and iambus
ragos.] — Cho'rist, re. A singer in a choir. Chor- — ;

united. [Gr. choriambos ; iaml os, iambus.] Chori- —

ister, k5r'is-ter,n. One of a choir; a singer in a con- am'bic, n. A
choriamb. a. —
Pert, to, etc.
cert; a leader of a choir. Chorion, ko'rl-on, n. (Anat.) The exterior mem-
Cheke. chok, v. t. [choked (chokt), choking.] To ren- brane investing the fetus in the womb. (Bot.) The
der unable to breathe; to stifle, suffocate, strangle; outer membrane of seeds. [Gr., skin.] Cho'roid, —
to obstruct by filling up or clogging; to hinder or n. (Anat.) The second coat of the eye. See Eye.
check. — v. i. To have the windpipe stopped; to be —
a. Pert, to, etc. [Gr. eidos, form.
checked, as if by choking. [E.; Ic. koka, to gulp, Chorography, ko-rog'ra-fl, n. Art of making a map
kok, the gullet; s. rt. cough.'] —
Chok'er, n. One who, or description of a region or country. [Gr. choros,
or that which, chokes or puts to silence; that which place, and graphein, to describe.] Chorog'rapher, —
cannot be answered; a collar or cravat. Chok'y, — n. —
Chorographical, -graf Ik-al, a. Pert, to, etc.
-T, a. —
Tending to, etc. Choke'-full, a. Full to Chose, shoz, n. (Law.) A
thing; personal property.
choking, quite full. [See Chock-full.] Choke'- — [F., fr. L. causa, cause.] —
Chose in action. thing A
cher'ry, -cher'rT, n. (Bot.) A species of wild cherry, to which one has a right, but not possession.
and its astringent fruit.
gas accumulated in wells, mines, etc.,
—
damp, n. Carbonic acid
destructive —
Chose, Chosen. See Choose.
Chough, chuf, n. A
bird of the crow family. [AS.
of life by preventing respiration. pear, -p&r, n.
A kind of pear having a rough, astringent taste.
— ceo ; D. kaauw, Dan. kaa, Sw. kaja; onomat.]
Chouse, chows, v. t. [choused (chowst), chousing.]
Choler kol'er, n. The bile,
, —
formerly supposed to —
To cheat, trick, defraud. n. One easily cheated;
be the seat of irascibility: irritation of the passions; a tool; gull: a trick; a sham: imposition. [Fr. a
anger; wrath. [L. and Gr. cholera, bile, a bilious Turk, chiaous (interpreter), who perpetrated a no-
complaint, fr. Gr. chole, bile, cholos, bile, wrath, torious swindle in London, in 1009.]
anger; s. rt. L. fel, E. gall.] —
Chol'era, -er-a, n. Chowchow, chow'chow, a. Of several kinds mingled;
(Med.) A disease characterized by bilious vomiting mixed, —n. A
kind of mixed pickles. [Chin.]
and purging, and by spasms in the legs and arms. — Chowder, chow'der, n. A
dish of fish, pork, biscuit,
Cholera morbus. A
milder form of the disease. onions, etc., stewed, —v. t. To make into, etc.
Chol'ic, Cholin'ic, a. Pert, to the bile. ChoKeric, — Chrestomathy, kres-tom'a-thT:, n. selection of pas- A
o. Abounding with choler, or bile; irascible; angry. sages, used in acquiring a language. [Gr. chrestos,
— Chol'ericly, adv. —
Chol'erine, -er-in, n. (Med.) useful, and mathein, to learn.]
The precursory symptoms of cholera; the first stage Chrism, krizm, n. ( Gr. & Bom. Cath. Churches.) Oil
of epidemic cholera. —
Choles'terine, -ter-in, n. consecrated by the bishop, formerly
(Chem.) A fatty substance, resembling spermaceti, used in baptism, confirmation, ordina-
found in the bile and biliary concretions. [F., fr. tion, and extreme unction. [L. and
Gr. chole and stear, stiff fat.] —
Cholesteric, -les'ter- Gr. chrisma, fr. Gr. chriein, to anoint.]
ik or -les-tgr'ik, a. Pert, to, or obtained fr. choles- —
Chris'mal, a. Pert, to, etc. Chris- —
terine.— Chol'ochrome, -krom, n. The coloring mat- ma'tion, n. Act of applying, etc. —
ter of the bile. [Gr. chroma, color.] Chris 'matory, -to-rT, n. vessel to A
Chomer, cho'mer, n. A
Hebrew measure. [See
.

hold the chrism. r —

Chris om, -um, a.
Homer.]_ Anointed with, etc. n. —
white ves- A
Choose, chooz, v. t. [imp. chose (choz); p.p. chosen ture, so anointed, put on a child at
or chose; choosing.] To make choice of, prefer, baptism or on a dead infant.
elect. v.i. To make a selection, prefer; to have Christ, krist, n. The Anointed, an
^nrisma-
— .

the power of choice. JAS. ceosan, D. kiezen, Ic. appellation of the Savior, synonymous
kjosa, to choose, Skr. jush, to enjoy; s. rt. gust.] — with Heb. Messiah. [L. christus, Gr. torv -
Choos'er, n. —
Choice, chois, n. Act or power of christos, fr. chriein, to anoint.] Christen, kris'n, —
choosing; election; option; preference; care in, etc., v. t. [christened (-nd), -ening.] To baptize to ;

discrimination thing chosen; best or preferable

; give a name, denominate. [AS. cristnian, fr. oris-
part. —a. Worthy of being, etc.; selected with care; ten, a Christian.] —
Christendom, kris'n-dum, n.
uncommon; rare. [OF. chois. a choice, fr. choisir, to That portion of the world in which Christianity
choose.] — Choice'ly, adv. With care in choosing; prevails, opp. to heathen or Mohammedan lands ;
excellently. —
Chojce'ness, n. the whole body of Christians. [AS. cristendom.] —
Chop, chop, v. t. [chopped (chopt), chopping.] To Christian, kris'chun, n. A
believer in the religion
cut into pieces; to mince; to sever by blows; to seize of Christ one born in a Christian country, or of
or devour greedily. —
v.i. To come upon or seize
;

Christian parents a Danish gold coin, worth $4. —

suddenly. —n. Act of chopping; a stroke; piece
;

a. Pert, to Christ or his religion; professing Chris-

chopped off, esp. a piece of meat. [OD. konpen, to tianity ; pert, to the church ; ecclesiastical.— Chris-
cut off, behead, Sw. kappa, G. happen, LL. coppare,
—
tian name. The name given in baptism, opp. to
— —
Gr. koptein, to cut.] Chop'per, n. One who or the family name, or surname. Christian, krisf-
that which, etc. —
Chop 'house, n. An eating-house yan, n. One of a sect of Baptists, called Disciples of
where chops, etc., are sold.
eating implement.
stick, n. —
Chinese A Christ. —
Christianity, kris-chl-an'r-tt, n. The re-
ligion of Christians; system of doctrines and pre-
Chop, chop, v. t. To barter, exchange; to gire back cepts taught by Christ. —
Chris tianiz&'tion, -chun-
and forth, bandy.— v. i. To wrangle, altercate, Y-za r shun, n. Conversion to Christianity. Chri« /'» —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbow, chair, get
 ;

CHROMATIC 90 CICERONE
taamze, -chun-iz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.] To mandril of a turning-lathe to hold the material to
make Christian, convert to Christianity, imbue with be operated upon. fF. cliaquer, to give a shock, D.
Christian principles. —
Chris'tianly, adv. In a schokken, to jolt, shake, schok, a bounce, jolt: s. rt.
Christian manner. —Christian science, -si 'ens. A shake, shock.) —
Chuck'-far'thing, -fiir'thing, re. A
system of healing disease of mind and body which play in which a coin is pitched into a hole.
teaches that all cause and effect is mental, and that Chuckle, chukl, v. t. [chuckled (chukld), chuck-
sin, sickness, and death will be destroyed hy a full ling.] To call, as a hen her chickens; to cluck; to
understanding of the Divine Principle of Jesus'
teaching and healing. The system was founded by
fondle, cocker. it. —
A short, suppressed laugh of
exultation or derision. —v. i. To laugh in a sup-
Rev. Mary Baker Eddy, of Concord, N. H., in 1866,
and bases its teaching on the Scriptures as under-
pressed or broken manner. [Freq. of choke.] —
Chuckle-head, n. A numbskull; dunce.
stood by its adherents. —
Christian scientist, -si'en- Chuff, ehuf, n. A coarse, dull, or surly fellow a
tist. A believer in Christian science; one who prac- clown. [Perh. fr. W. cuff, stock, stump.] Chuff'y, —
;

tice* its teachings. —

ChriBtless, krist'-, a. Having -T, a. Fat or swelled out, esp. in the cheeks surly ;
no faith in Christ. —Christmas, kris'mas, re. The rude clownish. Chufflly, -T-lT, aalv. — ;

festival of Christ's nativity, Dec. 25th. — ;

Christ'- Chum, chum, re. A chamber-fellow, esp. in a college.

mas-box, re. A box in which presents are put at v. i. —
To occupy a chamber with another. [Perh.
Christmas ; a Christmas present. tree, re. An fr. AS. cuma, a guest; perh. contr. of F. camarade, a
evergreen tree, illuminated and hung with presents comrade, chamber-fellow, fr. L. camera, chamber.]
and. decorations at Christmas. —
ChristoKogy, -ft, re. Chunk, chunk, re. A short, thick piece of anything.
A treatise concerning Christ; doctrine of the Scrip- [Ic kumbr, a log, fr. kubba, to chop; s. rt. clwp, chvlj.]
tures respecting Christ. [Gr. logos, discourse.] —
Chunck'y, -t, a. Short and thick.
Chromatic, kro-matlk, a. Relating to color. (Mus.) Church, chereh, re. A building for Christian worship;
Proceeding by the smaller intervals (half-steps or a body of Christian believers worshiping together,
semitones) of the scale, instead of the regular inter- or having the same rites and ecclesiastical authority;
vals of the diatonic scale. [Gr. chromatikos, suited the collective body of Christians; ecclesiastical in-
for color, fr. chroma, color.] —
Chromatic scale. fluence, authority, etc.— v. t. [churched (chSrcht),
(Mm.) The scale consisting of 13 tones, including 8 churching.] To unite with in publicly returning
scale-tones and 5 intermediate tones, —
the interme- thanks in church, as after childbirth. [AS. cyrice,
diate tones having formerly been printed in colors. circe, D. kerk, Dan. kirke, G. kirche, Scot, kirk, lr.
— Chromatics, n. Science of colors. Chro mc-
/ — Gr. kuriakon, a church, lr. kurios, the Lord, fr.
litnoglaphy, re. Lithography adapted for print- kuros, might.] Churchly, -It, a. Pert, to, etc.;—
ing in oil colors. [Gr. bthos, stone, and graphein, fond of church services attaching importance to
to engrave.] — Chromo-lith'ograph, Chro'mo, ». A ecclesiastical decrees, etc. Church'y, -T, a. Char-
;

—
lithographic picture in oil colors. acteristic of, etc. fond of church forms. Church '-; —
Chrome, krom, Chromium, kro'mT-um, re. A hard, man. tu; pi. -men. An ecclesiastic or clergyman;
brittle, grayish-white metal, difficult of fusion. [Gr. an Episcopalian, as disting. f r. other Protestants. —
chroma, color, — its compounds having many beau- Church'manship, re. State of being, etc. Church'- —
tiful colore.] — Chro'mic, a. Pert, to, or obtained ward'en, -wawrd'n, re. An officer charged with the
fr., etc.— Chro'mate, n. (Chem.) A salt obtained pecuniary interests of achurch or parish. Churcb'- —
by the union of chromic aeid with a base. yard, re. Ground adjoining a church, in which the
Chronic, kronlk, -ical, a. Pert, or according to time; dead are buried a cemetery. ;

continuing for a long time. [Gr. chrordkos, fr. chro- Churl, cherl, re. A rustic; a countryman or laborer!
nos, time,]— Chronicle, kron'T-kl, re. A register of a rough, surly, ill-bred man; one illiberal or miserly;
events in the order of time; a history record, pi. a niggard. [AS. ceorl, Ic, Dan., Sw., and G. karl,
—
;

Two books of the Old Testament. v. t. [chron- man, Scot, carle, 1). karel, fellow.] Churlish a. —
icled (-kid), -cling.] To record in history; regis- Like a churl; narrow-minded; surly. Churlishly, —
ter. [Gr. chronica, annals.] —
Chronicler, n. A adv. Churl'iBhness, re. —
writer of, etc. — Chron'ograph, -graf; re. An instru- Churn, chern, re. A vessel in which cream is shaken,
ment to record time in astronomical and other to separate the butter from other parts. v. t. —
observations. [Gr. graphein, to write.] Chronol- — [churned (churnd), churning.] To agitate, in
ogy* -j*j »• Science of computing time by periods, order to make butter: to shake violently. v. i. To —
and assigning to events their proper date6. [Gr. logos, agitate cream, etc. [Ic. kinia, a churn, D. and G.
discourse.] — Chronol'oger, -ogist, re. One skilled kernen, to churn, fr. Ic. kjarna, J), kern, pith, mar-
in, etc. — Chronologic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. ac- row; s. rt. corn, kernel.]
; Cburn'ing, re. Quantity —
cording to the order of time. —
Chronologically, of butter_made at once.
adv. — Chronometer, re. A time-keeper, esp. if Chute, shoot, re. A rapid descent in a river; an open-
portable and very accurate. [Gr. metron, measure.] ing in a dam for descent of logs, etc. a shoot, a fun- ;

— Chronomet'ric, -rical, a. —
Chronom , etry, -tri, n. nel or slide for loading or unloading grain, coal, etc;
Art of measuring time. flume; penstock. [F., fr. L. cadere, to fall.]
Chrysalid, kria'a-lid, Chryg'alis, ». ; pi- Chrysal- Chyle, kil, re. (Physiol.) A milky fluid, derived from
ides, -salT-dez. A
form into which the caterpillar chyme, and entering the circulation by the lacteal
or larve of butterflies, moths, and some other in- vessels. [F., fr. Gr. chvlos. juice, fr. cheem, to pour;
sects, passes, and from which the perfect insect s«.] — Chylifadion, n. Actor process by
emerges. —a. Pert, to, or resembling, etc [Gr. which chyle is formed. — Cbylifae'tive, -tiv, Chyll-
chrusallis, the gold-colored sheath of butterflies, f r. fica'tory, a. Forming
into chyle. Chylifica'tic —
chrvsos, gold.] — Chrysanthemum, -anlhe-mum, re. re. Formation of chyle by digestive processes. —
(Bot.) A
genus of composite plants, including the Chyl'ous, -lus, a. Consisting, or partaking of chyle.
sun-flower, marigold, etc. [L., fr. Gr. chrusanthe- Chyme, klm, re. (Physiol.) The pulp formed by food
mon; anthemon, flower.]— Chrys'oberyl, -bgr-il, re. in the stomach, mixed with the gastric secretions.
(Min.) A yellowish-green gem, consisting of alu- [Gr. chumo*, juice, fr. clieein, to pour.] Chymifica- —
mina and glucina. [L. chryxoberyllus ; Gr. beruttos, tion, klm'T-f r-ka'shun, re. Process of becoming
beryl.] —Chrys'olita, -lit, re. (Min.) greenish A chyme. —
Chymlfy, -ii, v. t. To form into chyme.
mineral, composed of silica, magnesia, and iron. — Chymous, klm' us, a. Pert, to chyme.
,

[L. chrysolithus ; Gr. lithos, stone.]— Chrys / oprase, Qhymistry, etc. See Chemistry.
-praz, re. (Min.) A
kind of massive quartz, of a Cicada, si-ka'da, re. ; pi. -d.e, -de. (Entom.) hem- A
grayish or leek-green color. [Gr. prason, a leek.] ipterous insect, the male of which makes a shrill,
Chubb, chub, re. A
thick, fresh-water fish of the carp grating sound; the harvest fly, q. v. [L.]
family. [Dan. kobbe, a seal (animal), Prov. S"w. kvb- Cicatrice, sik'a-tris, re. A scar remaining after a
bug, chubby, plump.] —
Chub'bed, -by, -bT, a. Like wound is healed. [F.] Cicatrix, sT-kalrike, n. ; —
achub; plump, short, and thick. — ChuVbiness, re. pi. Cicatrices, sik-a-tri'sez. Same as Cicatricb.
Chuck, chuk, v. %. To make a noise like a hen calling [L.] — Cic'atrize, -triz, v. t. [-teized (-trizd), -tri-
her chickens to cluck, laugh mockingly, in a — zing.] To heal and induce the formation of a cica-
;

—
broken, convulsive manner. v. t. To call, as a hen. trice in. r. i. —
To heal or be healed. CiCatrfcza'- —
— re. Call of a hen; a sudden small noise; word of tion, re. Process of, etc.
endearment. [Onomat. same as chick.'] Cicero, sis'e-ro, re. (Print.) The name, esp. among
;

Chuck, chuk, v. t. [chucked (chukt), chucking.]
To strike gently; to throw, with quick motion, a
short distance; to pitch. (Mech.) To place in, or
hold by means of, a chuck. re. —
slight blow un-
der the chin. (Mach.) A contrivance fixed to the
French printers, for a type the size of small pica, —
used in an early edition of the works of Cicero.
Cicerone, che-cha-ro r ne or sis'e-ro'ne, re. One who
A shows strangers the curiosities of a place. [It., same
as L. Cicero] —
Ciceronian, sis-e-ro'ni-an, a. Re-

am, fame, far, paee or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 9dd, tone, dr
 CICISBEO 1)1 CIRCUMAMBIENT
tumbling Cicero in style or action. — Cicero'nian- line caHed its circumference, every part of
ism. -izin, n. Imitation or resemblance of, etc.; a which is equally distant from 'a point "

Ciceronian expression. within it called the center ; the line bounid-f

]
Ciciabeo, che'chis-ba'o or se-sis'be-o, n. The professed ing such a figure a circumference. (As ;

gallant of a married woman. [It.] tron.) An instrument of observation, in, x /

Cider, si'der, n. A drink made from the juice of ap- whose graduated limb consists of an entire C lrcle.
ples. [F. cidre, cider, fr. L. sicera, Heb. shekar, circle. A round body sphere orb compa^ cir- ; ; ; -,

strong drink, Heb. shahar, to be intoxicated.] Ci r - — cuit; a company assembled about a central point of
derkin, n. A
liquor made from the refuse of apples interest a coterie; a series ending where it begins
:
;

arter the juice is pressed out for cider. a form of argument in which unproved statements
Ci^levant, sed-vox', a. Former: previous. [F.] are used to prove each other a province or princi- :

Cigar, st-gar', n. A roll of tobacco, for smoking. [Sp. pality. —r. r. [circled (-kid), circling.] To re-
cigarro; orig. a kind of tobacco in Cuba.] Cigar- — volve around; to encompass, inclose. — v. i. To
ette', -et', n. A
little cigar; tobacco rolled in paper move circularly. [L. circulus, a circle, dim. of cir-
—
for smoking. cus, a ring.] Circle of perpetual apparition. At
Cilia, ail't-a, n. pi. The hair of the evelids; liairs on any given place, the boundary of that space around
the margin of any body. [L.] —
Cil'iary. -a-rT, a. the elevated pole, within which the stars never set.
Pert, to the eyelashes, or to liairs or hair-like ap-
— C. of perpetual otxultation. Boundary of that
pendages in animals or vegetables. CU'late. -ated. — space around the depressed pole, within which the
a. (Bot.) Furnished with filaments resembling ,
stars never rise. — Great c. A circle whose plane
eyelashes. (Anat.) Covered with filaments en- passes through the center of the sphere, dividing it
dowed with vibratory motion. into two equal parts. Lesser c. One whose plane
Cilicious, st-lish'us. a. Made, or
consisting, of hair. does not pass through the center ol the sphere, di-
[L. cilicium, a covering, orig. made of goat's hair, viding it into unequal parts. Hour c. great — A
fr. Cilicia, in Asia Minor.] circle of the celestial sphere. Dress c. The lowest —
Cima. si'ma, n. A kind of molding. See Cyma. gallery in a theater. Family c. The gaLery above —
Cimeter, sim'e-ter, n. A short sword with a recurv- the dress circle. —
Cir'clet, -klet, n. A little circle,
ated point, used by Persians and Turks. [Written as of gold, etc. a round body; orb. ; Cir'cular, —
also scimetar, scgmetar, and scimiter.'] [F. ciiueterre, -ku-lar, a. Pert, to a circle; round: repeating itself
j

It. scimit-arra, prob. corrup. of Pers. shamshir, cim- illogical inconclusive ; adhering to a fixed circle of
:

eter, lit. lion's claw, f r. sham, nail, and sher, Hon.] legends; cyclic ; mean address to a number of per-
j

I
;

Cimmerian, sim-me'rl-an, a. Pert, to the Cimmerii, sons having a common interest.—?;. A circular letter,
a fabulous people said to have dwelt in dark caves: copies of which are sent to variou> persons. Circu-
intensely dark. lar nunibers. (Arith.) Those whose powers terminate
Cinchona, sin-ko'na, n. (Bot.) A genus of trees of in the same digit* as the roots. —C. sailing. (Xaut.)
the Andes in Peru and adjacent countries, produ-
j

[
The method of sailing by the arc of a great circle.
eing a medicinal bark, known as Peruvian or Jes- f— Circularity, -lfir'T-tl. n. State of being, etc.
uit's bark ; the bark itself. [Perh. fr. the Countess
j

CiT'cularly, adv. —
Cir'eulate, -lat, v. i. To move
of Cinchon, cured by the bark in 1638. in a circle to pass round
: to pass from place to :

Cincture, sink'cher, n. A that which

belt girdle place, hand
to hand, etc. v. t. To cause to pass, —
encompasses; inclosure. (Arch.)
;

ring at the top A

;

etc. to diffuse
; disseminate. Cir'culable, -la-bl, —
—
;

and bottom of a column, separating the shaft from a. Capable of being, etc. Circula'tion. n. Act of,
the base and from the capital. [L. cinctura, fr. etc.: currency; circulating coin, bills, etc extent to
cingere, cinctum, to gird; Skr. kanchi, girdle.] which anything circulates. Cir'culator, -ter, n. —
;

—
Cinder, sin'der, n, A small particle remaining after Cir'culatory, -rl, a. Circular; circulating.
combustion small coal, with ashes ; ember ; scale
: Circuit, ser'kit, n. Act of moving or revolving
thrown off in forging metal. [AS. sinder, fr. sun- around ; a journeying from place to" place in the ex-
drian, to separate; not fr. F. cendre, L. cinis, ashes.! ercise of one's calling region passed over in such a :

Cinematograph, sin'e-niat'o-graf. Amachine for tak- journey, esp. that over which jurisdiction, as of a
ing successive photographs of moving objects; also, judge, etc., extends: that which enciicles anything,
one for producing, by the rapidly successive pro- as a crown distance around any «pnce space in-
; ;

jection of such pictures upon a screen, the effect of closed within a circle, or within certain limits.— r t.
an animated scene. [Gr. kinema, motion -+- gra- To move or make to go round. [F., fr. L. drcuire,
phein, to write.] -Hum, fr. circum, around, and ire-, to go.] Circui- —
Cinerary, sin'er-a-rT, a. Pert, to, or containing ashes, tous, -ku'T-tus, a. Goin? round ia a circuit in-
[L. dnerarius, fr. cinis, ashes, Gr. konis, dust, Skr.
j

i
direct. —
Circu'itously. adv.
;

kana, a grain, powder.] —

Cinera'tion, n. Reduction Circumambient. ser-knm-am''bT-ent, a. Surrounding:
of anythingto ashes by combustion. Cineri'tious, — inclosing on all sides. [L. circum, around, about
-ish'us. a. Having the color or consistence of ashes. (oris. ace. of circus, circle), and ambire, to go round.]
Cinnabar, sin'na-bar, n. Red sulphuret of mercury — Circumam 'bulate,-lat, r. / ;'.
To walk round about.
or quicksilver ; vermilion. [LateL. cinnaharis, Gr. [L. ambidare, to walk.] — Circumam/bula''tian, n.
kinnabari, Per. zinjarf] Act of, etc. —
Circumbend'"ibuB, n. A eircuitous
Cinnamon, sin'na-nion, n. The inner bark of a tree, route. [Vulgar.] —
Cir'cumcise, -siz, v. t. [-cised
of Ceylon, aromatic and of a pungent taste. [L. L (-sizd), -CISIXG.] To cut off the foreskin of, in the
cimuxriwmwn, Gr. kinamooion, fr. Heb. qinnamonT] L case of males, or the internal labia, in females.
Cinque, sink, 7j. The number .5 upon dice or cards. (Script.) To render holy. [L. circumcidere, fr.
[F. cinq, L. guingue, five.] —
Cinque 'foil, n. (Bot.) j
csedere, to cut.] Cir'cumciser. n. —
Circumcis- —
A plant having leaves resembling the fingers of the '
ion, -sizh'un, n. Act of, etc. (Script.) Rejection
hand. (^IrcA.) An ornamental foliation having 5 of the sins of the flesh spiritual purification the : ;

=
i

points or cusps. [Foil F.feuille, 1,. folium, leaf.] Jews, as disting. fr. uncircumcised races. Circum- —
Cion, Scion, si'un, n. A
young shoot or sprout of a |
clusion. -klu , zhun. n. Act of inclosing on all sides.
plant. [F. scion, OF. cion, fr. F. scier, L. secare. to ]
[L. claudere, to shut.] Circumduct, -dukf, j t. -
.

cut ; s. rt. section, scissors, saw, etc.] To lead about or astray. (Lav.) To contravene :

Cipher, si'fer, n. (Arith.) A

character [0] which, nullify. [L. ducere, ductum, to lead.] Circumduc'- — —
standing by itself, expresses nothing, but when tion, n. A
leading about, an annullins. Circam''-
placed at the right hand of a whole number, in- ference, -fer-ens, n. The line that encompasses a cir-
creases its value tenfold cular figure periphery space included in a circle;
; :

person of no worthl a combi- /[ s~\ anything circular external surface of a sphere or

—^/
; ;

nation of letters, as the initials l\//\J/r) orbicular body. [L./erre, to bear.] Circum / feren /'- —
—
;

/
of a name; an enigmatical
natical char- ( A/1X tial, -shal, a. Pert, to, etc. Circum'ferem'tor, -ter.
icter ;a private alphabet
safe transmission of
lphabet for
f secrets. — ^\\]\
111
n. A surveyors' instrument for taking horizontal
angles and bearings. Gir'cumflex, n. wave of — A
v. i. [ciphered(-ferd), Ci- 1 J the voice embracing both a rise and fall on the same
phering.] To
practice arith- syllable: a character, or accent, denoting in Greek a
metic. —
v. t. To write in oc- ^ipner.
rise and fall of the voice on the same long syllable,
cult characters to represent. [F. chiffre, OF. cifre,
; marked thus [». or -*]; and in Latin and some other
fr. Ar. s\fr ; same as zero.'] languages, a long and contracted syllable, marked
Circean, ser-se'an, a. Pert, to Circe, a fabled en- [ «].— v. t. To mark or pronounce with a circum-
chantress ; magioal noxious.
; flex. [L. fl£ctere,flerum, to bend.] Circum /'ftuent. —
Circensial, -elan. See under Circus. -fluous. -floo-us, a. Flowing around surrounding in :

Circle, sSr'Td, a- A plane figure, bounded by a curve the manner of a fluid. ['L.fluere. to flow.] Circum- —
stin, eube, full ; moon, f 6"6t ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 — ;;; — — ;

CIRCUS 92 CIVET
fuse, -fuz', v. t. To pour round, spread round. [L- froup of legs resembling a curl. [L. pes, pedis,
fundere, fusum, to pour.] — Circumfusion, -lu'zhun, oot.] —Cirrocumulus, -ku'mu-lus, n. (Meteor.) A
re. Act of, or state of being, etc. — Cir'cumgyra''- fleecy-looking cloud, composed of the cumulus
tion, -jl-ra'shun, re. Act of turning or whirling broken up into masses. [L. cumulus, a heaped-up
round. [L. gyrure, to turn around.] Circumja'- — mass.]— Cirrostra'tus, re. (Meteor.) cloud re- A
cent, -sent, a. Lying around bordering on every ; sembling the stratus in its main body, but the cirrus
side. [L.jacens, p. pr. of jacere, to lie.] Cir'cum- — on its margin. [L. stratus, p. p. of_ stemere, to
locu'tion, -ku'shun, re. circuit of words peri-A ; spread out.] —
Cir'rous, -rus, -rose, -ros, a. (Bot.)
phrase. [L. loqui, locution, to speak.] Cir / cumloc / - — Having, or terminating in, a curl or tendril.
utory, -lok'u-to-rt, a. Pert, to, etc.; periphrastic. — Cisalpine, sis-aKpin, a. On the hither (Roman) side
Circumnavigate, -nav r t-gat, v. t. To sail around of the Alps, —
i. e. south of the Alps. [L. cis, on this
pass round by water. [L. navigare, -gatum, to sail, side, and Alpes, the Alps.] Cisatlan'tie, a. On —
fr. navis, ship.] —
Circumnav'igable, -ga-bl, a. Ca- this side of the Atlantic Ocean. Cismon'tane, —
pable of being, etc. —
Cir'cumnav'iga'tion, re. Act -tan, a. On this side of the mountains Cis'pa- —
of, etc. —
Cir'cumnav'iga'tor, -ter, re. One who, etc. dane, -pa-dan, a. On the hither (Roman) side of the
— Circumpo'lar, a. About or near the pole. [L. Po, — i e. on the south side. [L. Padanus, f r. Padus,
.

polus, pole.]— Cir'cumposi'tion, -zish-un,n. Act of river Po.]

placing in a circle, or state of being so placed. [L. Cissoid, sis'soid, n. (Geom.) A curve invented by
pone-re, positum, to place.]— Cir'cumrota'tion, -ta'- Diocles. [Gr. kissos, ivy, and eidos, form.]
shun, re. Act of revolving round state of being ; Cist, sist, n. or basket. (Antiq.)
(Arch.) A chest A
whirled round. [L. rotare, to turn round, fr. rota, Celtic tomb having a stone chest covered with slabs.
wheel.] —
Circumro'tary, -tatory, -ta-to-rt, a. Turn- [Same as chest; L. cista, Gr. kiste.] Cis'tern, —
ing, rolling, or whirling round. Cir'cumscribe, — A reservoir for water or other liquids. [OF. ci»-
-skrib, v. t. [-scribed (-skrlbd), -scribing.] To in- terve, L. cisterna, fr. cista.]
close within a certain limit, hem in, limit, restrict, Cistercian, sis-tgr'shan, n. One of an order of Bene-

— — dictine monks established orig. at Citeaux, France.

restrain. VL. scribere, scriptum, to write, draw.] Cir-
cumscrib able, a. Capable of being, etc. Circum- Cit, Citadel, Citizen, See under City.
acrib'er, re. —
Circumscription, -sk rip-shun, re. Ex- Cite, sit, v. t. To call upon officially or authoritative-
terior line determining the form or magnitude of a ly ; to summon to quote, name, or repeat, as the
;

body limitation by conditions, restraints, etc. ;

; words of another to call or name, in proof or con-
bound limit. —
Circumscrip'tible, -tl-bl, a. Ca-
;

firmation of. [F. citer, L. citare, citatum, to cause

;

pable of being, etc. —

Cireumscrip'tive, -tiv, a. De- to move, summon, freq. of ciere, to call, excite, Skr.
fining the external form. Cir'cumspect, -spekt, a.— ci , to sharpen.]— Cit'al, n. Summons to appear
Attentive to all the circumstances of a case cautious ; citation ; quotation. —
Cita'tion, n. Official call or
;

watchful vigilant. [L. spicere or specere, spectum. to

; notice to appear ; paper containing such notice act
—
;

look.] Circumspection, -spek'shun, n. Attention of citing a passage from another person ; words
to, etc. deliberation wariness
: forecast. Cir- ; — quoted; enumeration; mention. Cit'atory, -rt, «. —
cumspect'ive, -iv, a. Looking round every way
;

Having the power or form of citation. Cit'er, re. —

careful of consequences. Cir'cumspect'ly, adv. — ;

Cithern, sith'Srn, Cit'tern, n. musical instrument, A

— Cir'cumspect'ness, n. —
Cir'cumstance, -stans, n. like the guitar. [Same as guitar ; L. cithera.]
The condition of things surrounding an event Citron, sit'run, n. A
tree cultivated for its fruit ; the
something attending on a fact, though not essential preserved rind of the fruit. [F. ; LL. citro, Gr. kitron,
thereto a particular incident or adjunct, pi. Con-
; & citron, kitrea, citron tree.] Cit'rate, -rat, n. —
dition in regard to worldly estate state of property. ( Chem.) A
salt formed by the union of citric aeid
—
;

v. t. [-stanced (-stanst), -stancing.] To place —

and a base. Cifric, a. Of, or pert, to, an acid in
relatively, or in a particular situation. [L. stans, p. the iuice of lemons and allied fruits.— Cit 'line, -rin,
pr. of stare, to stand.] —
Circumstantial, -stan'shal, a. Like a citron or lemon ; of a lemon color. n. —
a. Consisting in, or pert, to, circumstances, or par- (Min.) A
yellow, pellucid variety of quartz. Cif- —
ticular incidents; abounding with, or exhibiting all rul, n. The watermelon. [NL. citreotus.~]
of, the circumstances minute particular.
; n. ;
— City, sit'T, n. A
large or corporate town inhabitants ;

Something incidental to the main subject, but of of a city. [F. cite", L. citas for civitas, a commu-
less importance. —
C. evidence. (Law.) Any evi- nity, f r. civis, a citizen s. rt. L. quies, E. hive, home,
—
;

dence not direct and positive. Cir'cumstan'tial'- — quiet.] Cit'izen. -I-zen, n. inhabitant of a An
ity, -shY-al'TC-ti, n. State of anything as modi- city ; a freeman of, etc., disting. fr. one not entitled
fied bv circumstances particularity in exhibiting to its franchises a native born or naturalized in-
circumstances minuteness.
;

Cir^umstan'tially, — ;

habitant of a country. [OF. citeain, F. citoyen.] —

;

-shal-lT, adv. According to circumstances in every Citizenship, State of being, etc.

n. Cit, n. — A
particular. —
Cir'cumBtan'tiate, -shT-at, v. t. To
;

contemptuous abbr. of citizen ; a pert townsman. —

place in particular circumstances to enter into de- Cit'adel, n. A
fortress in a fortified city. fit. cit-
tails concerning. —
Circumvallate, -vallat, v. t. To
;

tadella, dim. of citta, a city, L. citas.] Civic, siv'- —

surround with a rampart. [L. rallare, to wall.fr. ik, a. Pert, to, or derived fr., a city or citizen. —
vallum, rampart.] —
Cir'cumvalla'tion, n. (Mil.) Civ'il, a. Pert, to a city or state, or to a citizen in
Act of surrounding with a wall a line of field ; his civic relations lawful or political,
; as opp. to
works surrounding the camp of a besieging army. military pert, to an organized community ; civil-
;

Circumvent', v. t. To gain advantage over, by arts, ized ; having the manners of one dwelling in a city;
stratagem, or deception to deceive, delude. ; [L. courteous: complaisant. —Civil death. (Law.) That
venire, ventum, to come.] —Circumvention, -ven'- which cuts off a man from civil society, or its rights
shun, n. Deception fraud imposture. Circum- — —
and benefits. C. engineering. Science of construct
—
; ;

venfive, -iv, a. Deceiving by artifices. Circum- ing public works. C. law. The law of a state, city, or
vest', v. t. To cover round as with a garment. [L. country; esp., the municipal law of the Roman em-
vestire, to cloth*, f r. vestis, garment.] Circumvolve, — pire. — C. war. A
war between citizens of the same
-voW, v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volving.] To roll country. C
year. The legal year, appointed by the
ronnd, cause to revolve. v. i. —
To revolve. [L. government.— Civ'illy, -IT, adv. — Civilian, st-viP*-
volvere, volutum, to roll.] —
CiT'cumvolu'tien, n. Act yan, re. One skilled m the civil law one engaged ;
—
of, etc. thing rolled round another.
; ir pursuits of civil life, not military or clerical.
Circus, ser'kus, n. ; pi. Cir'cuses, -ez. (Roman An- Civil'lty, -Y-ti, n. Courtesy of behavior; politeness ;
tiq.) An open or inclosed space, or the edifice in- good-breeding, pi. Acts of politeness ; courtesies. —
closing it, for games and shows. circular inclos- A Civ'ilize, -Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To re-
—
ure, for feats of horsemanship; the company of per- claim from a savage state to educate, refine.
formers in a circus, with equipage. Cirque, sgrk, — Civ'ilized, a. Reclaimed, etc. cultivated, Civ'-
;

—
n. Acircus. [F. cirque, L. circus, lit. a ring, circle, iliz'able, a. —
Civ / iliza /'tion, re. Act of, or state of
;

Gr. kirkos, krikos, AS. Turing.']— Circensial, -sen''- being, etc. —

Civ'ism, -izm, re. State of citizenship.
shal, -sian, -shan, a. Pert, to the circus, in Rome. Gives, slvz, Chives, chlvz, re.; pi.
Cirrus, slr'rus, re. ; pi. Cir'ri, -rt. (Bot.) tendril. A A species of garlic, growing in
(Meteor.) A
form of cloud composed of thin fila- tufts. [F. cive, a leek, L. csepa
ments, resembling a brush or masses of woolly hair. onion; prob. s. rt. caput, a head. _
(Zobl.) A slender, frinse-like appendage. [L., a curl, Civet, siv'et, re. A
substance of a
tuft of hair.] —
Cirriferoua, -rif'Sr-us, a. Producing musky odor, used as perfume.
tendrils or claspers, as a plant. [L.. ferre, to bear.] (Zobl.) A carnivorous animal
— Cir'riped, -rT-ped, n. (Zobl.) crustaceous an- A producing civet, ranking be-
imal, which throws out from its bivalvular shell a tween the weasel and fox, na-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, iv*, tSrm ; In, fee ; 8dd, tone, dr
 CLABBER 93 CLATTER
tive of North Africa. [F. civette, fr. Late Gr. zape- Clap, klap, v. [clapped
(klapt), clapping.] To
t.

tion, fr. Ar. zebed, zabad.] strike with a quick motion, making a noise by the
Clabber, klab'bgr, n. Milk turned so as to become thick collision; to thrust, drive, or put, hastilv or abruptly;
or inspissated. v. i. —
To turn thick. [See Bonny- to manifest approbation of, by striking the hands
clabber.] together, v. i. —
To come together suddenly with
Clack, klak, v. i. [clacked (klakt), clacking.] To noise to strike the hands together in applause
—
;
;

make a sudden, sharp noise, as by striking or crack- to enter briskly. n. loud noise made by collis- A
ing to clink, click: to talk rapidly and continually. ion ; a stroke thrust sudden explosion striking of
— ;

v. t. To cause to make a sudden noise to clink to

; :

hands in approbation. [Ic. and Sw. klappa, D. klap-

;

—
; ;

utter rapidly and inconsiderately. n. sharp, A pen, to clap (the hands') s. rt. clack, clip.)— Clap'- ;

abrupt sound made by striking anything that : per, n. One who, or that which, etc. the tongue
—
;

causes a clacking noise continual talk prattle ; ; ; of a bell. Clapboard, klab'berd. n. In Amer., a
prating. [D. klak, MHG. klac, a crack D. klakken, : board thicker at one edge than at the other, for
G. krachen, to crash, crack Ir. and Ga. clag, Gr. covering houses in Eng., a stave. r. t. To cover —
kladzein, to make a din.] Clack'er, n.— Clack'- — ; ;

with clapboards.— Clap'trap, n. A trick to gain

valve, n. (Mach.) A
valve with a flap, which falls applause. —
a. Not genuine. Clap'perclaw, v. t. —
with a clacking sound. To fight and scratch to revile, scold. :

Claim, klam, v. t. [claimed (klamd), claiming.] Claque, klak, n. A collection of persons engaged to
To call for, challenge as a right, demand as due. applaud a theatrical performance. [F. See Clack.]
— v. i. To be entitled to anything, n. demand — A — Claquer, kla-ker', n. One employed, etc.
of a right or supposed right; a right to demand; title Clarence, klar'ens, n. A close four-wheeled carriage.
to anything in possession of another thing de- ; Clarendon, klar'en-dun, n. (Print.) narrow, heavy- A
manded that to which one has a right. (Mining^)
; faced type, of all sizes.
A space of ground worked under the law. [OF.
This line
is in Clarendon type.
darner, claimer, to call for, cry out, L. clamare, to
"'-
call out, Skr. kal, to sound.]— Claim'able, a.— Claim Clare^obscure, klar'ob-skur, Claro-obscuro. kla'ro-ob-
ant, n. One who claims. Claimant, a. Crying — skoo'ro, n. Light and shade in painting: a design
earnestly clamorously beseeching.— Clamor, klam'-
; of two colors. [It. chiaro (L. clarus), clear, and
er, n. Loud and continued shouting or exclama- oscuro (X. obscurus), obscure.]
tion; loud noise; uproar; vociferation. v. t. [clam- — Claret, klar'et, n. A
French pale wine a dark-red :

ored (-Srd), -obing.] To salute or stun with noise. wine from Bordeaux, etc. [F. clairet, claret, fr. L.
— v. i. To vociferate, make importunate demands. clams, clear.]
[OF. andL., an outcry. ]— Clam'orous, -us, a. Noisy; Clarichord. klar'Y-kOrd, n. musical instrument A
turbulent.— Clam'orously, adv.— Clam 'or oneness, n. like a spinet. [L. clarus. clear, and chorda, string.]
Clairvoyance, klar-voi r ans, n. A power, attributed Clarify, klar'T-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.1 To make
to mesmerized persons, of discerning objects not clear, purify from feculent matter, defecate, fine ;
present to the senses. [F., f r. clair (L. darns), clear, to brighten or illuminate. v. i. To become pure, —
and voir (L. videi-e), to see.] Clairvoy'ant, a. — as liquors ; to grow clear or bright. [OF. clwifier,
Pert, to, etc. — n. One who, etc. L. cvarificare, f r. clarus, clear, and facere, to make.
dam, klam, n. (Conch.) bivalve shell-fish. pi. A See Clear.] — Clar'ifica'tion, n. Act of, etc. —
(Ship Carp.) Pincers for drawing nails, pi. (Mech.) Clar'ifi'er, n. That which, etc.; vessel in which, etc.
A kind of vise. [Same as clamp, q. v.] Clanr- — Clarion, klar'T-un, n. A kind of trumpet, whose note
bake, n. A preparation of clams baked between lay- is clear and shrill. [OF. F. clairon. LL. clario,
ers of seaweed a picnic party regaled with it.
; fr. L. clarus, clear.] — Clar'ionet' Clar'inet, n. A
;

Clam, klam, v. t. [clammed (klamd), clamming/] wind reed instrument, used in military bands.
To clog, as with glutinous or viscous matter. v. /ri. — Clash, klash, v. i. [clashed (klasht), clashing.]
To be moist or sticky. [AS., clay, a plaster.] Clam - — To dash noisily together, come in collision, inter-
— v. — n. A meet-
my, -ml. a. Soft and sticky. Clam'minesB, n. — fere. t. To strike noisily against.
Clamber, klam'ber, v. i. [-bered (-berd), -Bering.] ing with violence contradiction, as
: between con-
To climb with difficulty, or with hands and feet. flicting interests, purposes, etc. [Same as clack, q. v.;
[Ic. klambra, to pinch together s. rt. clamp, climb.] ; Sw. and G. klatsch, a clash, fr. klak.]
Clamor, etc. See under Claim. Clasp, klasp, n. A
catch, for holding together the
Clamp, klamp, n. A
piece of timber or iron, to fasten parts of anything; a close embrace. v. t. [clasped
work together; a mass of bricks heaped (klaspt), clasping.] To shut or fasten together
with a clasp to embrace ; grasp. [A form of clap
—
;

and clamp ; AS. clynpan, to grasp.] Clasp'er, n.

One who. or that which, clasps, as a tendril. —
Clasp-knife, -nif, n. A
knife, whose blade folds into
the handle.
material, to cover the jaws of a vise a Class, klas, n. A
group of individuals possessing
—
;

heavy footstep. v. t. [clamped common characteristics ; a number of students of

(Wampt), clamping.] To unite or ren- Clamp, the same standing : an order or division of animate
der firm by a clamp. v. i. —
To tread heavily or or inanimate objects. —
v. t. [classed (klast\ class-
clumsily, to clump. [D. and Sw. klamp, G. klampe, ing.] To form into a class, arrange in classes, rank
a clamp D. klampa, Dan. klampe, to clamp, grap-
: together. v. i. —
To be grouped or classed. [F.
ple, MHG. klimpfen, to press tighty together s. rt. ; classe, a rank, order, L. classis, a class, assembly of
dam, climb, clump, cramp. See Cramp.] people, army, fleet; s. rt. calare, to cry out, publish,
(San, klan, n. A tribe or collection of families, united Gr. kalein, "to convoke.]— Class'mate, n. One in
under a chieftain, and bearing the same surname ; the same class. —
Clas'sic. -sical. a. Of the first
a clique a sect, society, or bodv of persons. [Ga.
; class or rank, esp. in literature or art ; orig. pert, to
dawn, descendants, Ir. eland, descendants, tribe, the best Greek and Roman writers, now, also, to
clan.] —
Clan'ni&h, a. Closely united, like a clan; the best modern authors pert, to the Greeks and
disposed to unite. Clan'nishly, adv. — Clan'nish- — Latins chaste ; pure refined.
; Classic, n. ;
;

— A
ness, n —
Clan'ship, n. State of union.— Clans'' man, work of acknowledged excellence : one learned in
klanz'man, n. One belonging to the same clan. the classics. [L. classicus, pert, to the classes of the
Clandestine, klan-des'tin, a. Withdrawn from pub- Rom. people, esp. to the first class, fr. classisA —
lic notice; kept secret underhand; sly; fraudulent. Clas'sicalism, -izm, Clas'sicism, -sizm, n. clas- A
;

[F. clondestin, L. eland estinus, fr. clam, secretly sical idiom, style, or expression. Classicallty, —
perh. rlam-dies-tinus. hidden from daylight.] Clan- — ;

Clas'sicalness, n. Quality of being classical. —

destinely, adv. —
Clandes'tineness, n. Clas'sicaJly, adv. In a classical manner accord- :

Clang, klang, v. t. [clanged (klangd), clanging.] ing to a regular order of classes. Clas'sicist, -sist, —
To strike together with a ringing metallic sound. — n. One skilled in classical learning. Clas'sicize, —
v. i. To produce, etc. n. —
ringing sound. [L. A -siz, ?'. f. To render classic. — Cbursiiy, -sT-fi, v. t.

clangor, a loud noise, clangere, to make, etc., Gr. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To distribute into classes, ar-
klangge, a clang, kladzein, to clash, clang D. klank, range, rank, systematize. [L. facere, to make.] —
Sw. and Dan. klang, a clang onomat.] Clangor, —
;

Clas'sifica'tion, n. Classif'ic, a. —
Constituting
—
;

klan'gor, n. A
sharp, shrill, harsh sound. Clan /'- — classes. Clas'sifica'tory, a. Pert, to, admitting
gorous, -us, a. Making a clangor. Clank, klank, — of, or forming the basis of, classification.
n. The loud, ringing sound made by a collision of Clatter, klat't5r, v. i. [-tered (-terd). -tering.] To
sonorous bodies. v. t. and t. —
[clanked (klaakt), make rattling sounds to rattle with the tongue,
—
clanking.] To make, etc. prate. —
v. t. To strike and make a rattling noise.
;

sto, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 CLAUSE 94 CLICK
n A repeated rattling noise. [Freq. of clack AS. ; — 1\ t. To strengthen with
a cleat. [D. kluit, a lump,
ciatnmg, a clattering, rattle, D. klater, fr. klateren, W. clwt. Corn, clut, a piece, patch.]
to rattle.]— Clat'terer, n. One who,
a babbler. etc.; Cleave, klev, v. i. [imp. .cleaved (klevd) or (o&O
Clause, klawz, n. A
separate portion of a written clave; p. p. cleaved; cleaving.] To adhere
paper, paragraph, or sentence. (Gram.) portion A closely, stick, hold fast to be united closely in in-
;

of a sentence containing a finite verb and its ad- terest or affection; to be adapted; to agree. [AS.
junct. [F. L. clausa, a clause, period, fr. claudere,
; clifian, D. kleven, to cling; s. rt. Gr. glia, L. gluten,
to shut, inclose s. rt. close.]; E. glue, also climb, clip.]
Claustral. See under Cloister. Cleave, klev, v. t. [imp. cleft or (obs.) clave and
Clavate, -vated, kla'va-ted, a. (Bot. and Zobl.) Club- clove p. p. cleft or cleaved (klevd); cleaving.]
;

shaped; thicker toward the top. [L. clava. club.] To part or divide by force, split, rive; to part or
Clavicle, klav'l-kl, n. (Anat.) The collar-bone. [L. open naturally, divide. v. i. —
To part, open, crack.
claricula, little key, dim. of clavis, key, fr. claudere, [AS. cleqfan,D. kloven; perh. s. rt. Gr. gltiphein, to
to shut.]— Cla'viary, -yT-a-rT, n. (Mus.) An index hollow out, L. glubere, to peel.] Cleav'er, n. One —
of keys. —
Clavier, kla'vt-er or kl&'vT-a, n. The who, or that which, cleaves, —
esp. a butcher's meat-
key-board of an organ, piano-forte, etc. [F.] — chopper. —
Cleav'able, a. —
Cleav'age, -ej, n. Act
Clavichord, -f-kord, n. A
keyed stringed instru- of, etc. (Crystallog.) Quality of splitting or di-
ment, preceding the piano-forte. [L. chorda, string.] viding naturally. —
Cleft, n. An opening, or a piece,
Claw, klaw, n. A
sharp, hooked nail, as of a beast or made by splitting; crack; crevice; chink. (Far.)
bird; a talon. v. t. —
[clawed (klawd), clawing.] A crack in the bend of the pastern. — Clove'hitch,
To pull, tear, or scratch with claws or nails to get klovliich, n. (Naut.) A
hitch formed with a rope,
off or escape. [AS. claivu, D. klaauw, Ic, Dan., and
;

with ends reaching out in contrary directions. —

Sw. klo, a claw ; Ic. and Sw. kla, to scratch.] Clo'ven-foot'ed, -fdot'ed, -hoofed, -hdof t, a. Having
Clay, kla, n. A
soft earth, consisting of alumina and the foot divided in two parts, as the ox, etc.
silica, with water. (Poetry and Script.) Earth Clef, kief, n. (31ns.) A
character in musical nota-
in general, as representing the elementary particles tion to determine the position
>osition 1

of the human body the human body. — and pitch of the scale as^
|

[clayed
;

(klad), claying.] To manure with clay ;

to purify and whiten with clay, as sugar. [AS. cleeg,
v. t.

resented on the staff.

clavis, Gr. kleis, key.]
Ff^:®
Dan, klseg, D. and G. klei; s. rt. cleave, clew, clog.] Cleft. See under Cleave. _ ™7q~~7
— Clay'ey, -Y, a. Consisting of, abounding in, or Clematis, klem'a-tis, n. ge- ^ Wei. * Wet. A „.
like, clay. —
Clay'-marl, n. A smooth, chalky clay. nus of elimbing plants. [LL.; " Wet.
Claymore, kla'mer, n. A two-handed sword formerly Gr. klematis, fr. klema, twig, shoot, fr. klan, to lop,
used by the Scottish Highlanders. [Contr. fr. Ga. prune.]
claidheamhmor, broadsword cla'utheamh, sword, ; Clement, klem'ent, a. Mild in temper and disposi-
and mar, great.] tion; lenient; tender indulgent. [F.; L. clemens,
;

Clean, klen, a. Free from dirt, or from that which is dementis.] —

Clem'ently, adv. Clem'ency, -sY, n. —
injurious; without defects; adroit; dexterous; free Quality of being, etc.
from restraint or limitation; complete; sinless; pure. Clementine, klenrent-in, a. Pert, to St. Clement or his
(Script.) Free from ceremonial defilement, adv. — compilations; or to the constitutions of Clement V.
Without limitation or remainder; quite; entirely; Clench. See Clinch.
dexterously adroitly. v. t. —
[cleaned (klend), Clepsydra, klep'sY-dra or -si'dra, n. An ancient water-
cleaning.]
;

To free from dirt, purify, cleanse. clock, —

a contrivance to measure time, by the flow
[AS. clsene, clene, W. glain, Ir. and Ga. glan, clean, of water through an aperture. [L.; Gr. klepsudra,
pure.] —Cleanly, klenlY, adv. In a clean man-
— —
fr. kleptein, to steal, and hudor, water.]
ner; neatly. Clean'ness, n. Cleanly, klenlY, a. Clerestory. See under Clear.
Habitually clean, avoiding defilement innocent; Clergy, kler' jY, n. The body of ecclesiastics, as disting
—
:

pure; cleansing; adroit; artful. Cleanlily, klen'"- fr. the laity; in Eng., ministers of the established
Il-lT, adv. In a cleanly manner. Cleanliness, n. — church benefit of clergy.
; [OF. clergie, fr. LL.
— Cleanse, klenz, v. t. [cleansed (klenzd), cleans- clericus, a clerk, clergyman, Gr. klerikos, pert, to the
ing.] To render clean. —
v. i. To become clean. clergy, clerical, fr. kleros, a lot, portion.] Benefit —
(AS. clsensian.] —
Cleans'able, a. Cleans'er, n. — of clergy. (Eng. Law.) Exemption of clergymen
One who, or that which, cleanses; a detergent. from criminal process before a secular judge once —
Clear, kler, n. (Carp.) Full extent distance be- extended to all who could read, but now abolished.
tween extreme limits. — a.
;

Free from opaqueness, — Clergyable, a. Entitled to, or admitting, the

blemish, guilt, obstacle, etc.; able to perceive clear- benefit of clergy. —
Clergyman, n. ; pi. -men. An
ly; acute; unbiased: distinctly heard; audible; man- ordained minister. —
Cleric, klerlk, n. A clerk, or
ifest; plain distinct. —
adv. Plainly; quite en- clergyman. —
Cleric, -ical, a. Pert, to the clergy;
—
; ;

tirely. v. t. [cleared (klerd), clearing.] To also to a clerk or copyist. —

Clericalism, -izm, n.
free from obscurity, etc.; to leap or pass by, or over, Clerical domination or influence. —Clerk, klerk, n.
without touching or failure; to remove so as to leave Orig., an educated person; scholar; in Eng., a lay
something unobstructed. — v. i. To become clear parish officer, who leads in reading the responses of
from clouds or fog; to become disengaged. (Bank- the Episcopal church service, and otherwise assists
ing.) To make exchanges and settle balances. in it; a scribe: penman; accountant; an assistant in
(Naut.) To obtain a clearance, and sail from port. a shop or score who sells goods, keeps accounts, etc.
;
[OF. cfer, clair, L. clarus, bright, clear, loud; prob. [Pron. klark in England.] [AS. and OF. clerc, a
ir. cldmare, to cry aloud; peril, fr. calere, to glow, priest, fr. L. clericus.] —
Clerkly, a. Scholar-like.
become bright.] —
To clear a ship. To procure legal — Clerk'ship, n. Condition or business of, etc.
permission to sail. —
To c. the land. (Naut.) To Clever, klev'er, a. Possessing skill, talent, or adroit-
gain a safe distance from shore. To c. out. To de- — ness; showing skill in the doer; having fitness, pro-
part. —
Clearly, adv. Clear'er, n. —
Clear'age, -ej, — priety, etc.; well-shaped, handsome, good-natured,
>i. Act of removing anything. Clear'ance, n. Act — kind-hearted. [Amer.] [Perh. corrup. of ME. de-
of clearing; a certificate that a ship has cleared at liver, agile, nimble, ready of action, fr. OF. delivre,
the custom-house; clear or net profit. Clearing, n. — free, prompt, diligent, fr. L. liber, free.] CleV- —
Act or process of making clear; a place of land erly, adv. —
Cleverness, n.
cleared of wood for cultivation. (Banking.) A Clevis, klevls, Clevy, kleVY, n. draft-iron on the A
method for making exchanges and settling balances. end of a cart-tongue or plow-beam. [Fr. rt. of cleave,
— Clearing-house, n. (Banking.) The place where to adhere, hold fast, q. v.]
clearing is carried on. —
Clear'sighted, -slfed, a. Clew, Clue, klu, n. A
ball of thread; thread
Having acute sight.— Clear'-sightedness, >?,.— Clear- used as a guide in a labyrinth; that which
starch, v. t. T© stiffen with starch, and then clear guides one in anything doubtful or intri-
by clapping with the hands. Clear'-story, -stolY,— cate. (Naut.) The outer lower corner of *

Clerestory, kler'sto-rY or kler r es-to-ri, n. a sail. —

(Arch.) An upper story or row of windows,
esp. in a Gothic church, rising clear above
adjoining parts of the building. Clear '-
L Boards, etc., free from
stuff, n knots.
Cleat, klet, n. ( Carp.) A strip of wood nailed
to something to strengthen or fasten it.
(Naut.) A piece of wood, to belay ropes to. pi eat
^ .
A piece of iron to render shoes more durable.
v. t. [clewed (klud), clewing.] Clevis.
(Naut.) To draw up to the yard, as a sail.
To direct, as by a thread. [AS. cliwe, D. and MHG.
— -
kluwen, ball of thread, D. kluwenen, to wind.]
Click, klik, v. i. [clicked (klikt), clicking.] To
make a small, sharp noise, as by gentle striking; to
tick. —
n. A small, sharp sound: a peculiar articu-
lation used by natives of Southern Africa. n. A —
small piece of iron, falling into a notched wheel; a

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 5nd, eve, tSrm ; in, ice ; Sdd, tone, or
 CLIENT 95 CLOTH
detent; pawl. [Onomat.; dim. of clack; D. klikklak- Clique, klek, n. A narrow
circle of persons; coterie;
ken, to clash together.] set. [F., fr. clif/uer, to clack, make a noise, D. klik-
Client, kU'ent, n. {Rom. Antiq.) A
citizen under the ken, to click, inform, tell. See Click.]
protection of a patron. A
dependent; one who ap- Cloak, klok, n. A
loose, outer garment, a disguise or
plies to a lawyer for advice, direction, etc., in a pretext. —
v. t. [cloaked (klQkt), cloaking.] To
question of law. [F. ; L. cliens for cluens, one who cover with a cloak; to hide or conceal. [OF. claque,
hears (advice), fr. cluere, Gr. kktein, Skr. cru, to cloche, LL. cloca, a bell, cape; s. rt. clock, q. v.]
hear.] — Client'al, a. Dependent; of, or pert, to, a Clock, klok, n. An
instrument for measuring time.
client.— Cli'entship, n. State or condition of, etc. [AS. clucga, W. and Corn, cloc/i, LL. cloca, clo&:a, F.
— Clientage, -ej, n. Clients collectively; a body of cloche, a bell; Ir. and Ga. clog, 1). klok, Ic. klukku,
clients.— Clientele, -teK, n. A
body of clients, de- Sw. klocka, G.
— Clock'-work,
glocke, bell, also clock. See Clack.]
pendents, or supporters. [F.] -werk, n. Machinery of, er resem-
Cliff, klif, n. A high, steep rock ; precipice. [AS. bling that of, a clock.
clif, Ic. and D. klif; prob. not s. rt. cleave, to split, Clod, klod, n. A
lump or mass, esp. of earth, turf, or
but perh. s. rt. cleave, to adhere to, clamber, climb, clay; the ground, earth; the body as compared with
etc.] — Cliffy, -1, a. Having cliffs; craggy. the soul; a dull, stupid fellow; a dolt. v. i. To —
Climacteric. S>ee under Climax. collect into concretions to clot. v. t.
; To pelt —
Climate, kli 'mat, n. (Anc. Geog.) One of 30 zones of with clods. [A form of clot, a. v.; Sw. klodd, a
the earth, parallel to the equator. Condition of a lump of snow, clay, etc.] —
Clod'dy, -dT, a. Full of
place in relation to temperature, moisture, etc. [F. clods; earthy; mean; gross. —
Clod'' dish, a. Gross;
ciimat, L. clima, Gr. klima, fr. klinein, to lean, slope.] low; stupid. —
Clod'-hopper, ». rude, rustic fel-
— A
Climatic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or limited by climate. low; clown; bumpkin. Clod'' pate, -poll, -pol, n.
— A
Cli'matize, -tlz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.]J To stupid fellow; dolt; blockhead. Clod'pated, a.
acclimate. —v. i. To become acclimated. Clilma- — Cloff. See Clough.
tol'ogy, -ji, n. Science of, or a treatise on, climates Clog, klog, v. t. [clogged (klogd), clogging.] To en-
[Gr. logos, discourse.] cumber, or load, esp. with something that sticks fast;
Umax, kli'maks, n. {Rhet. An arrangement in to obstruct so as to hinder motion, choke up, em-
(

which a sentence rises, as if step by step, in impor barrass, impede, hamper, —

v. i. To become loaded
tance, force, or dignity. The highest point; great- or encumbered to coalesce or adhere.
; n. That —
est degree; acme. [L.; Gr. klimax, a ladder, stair- which hinders motion; an embarrassment; a heavy
case, fr. klinein, to lean, slope s. rt. lean.] Cli- — shoe wooden shoe. [E., fr. AS. cispg, clay; s. rt.
;

macteric, kli-mak'ter-ik or khm-ak-tSr'ik, a. Pert,

;

clew, cleave, clot.} —

Clog'gy, -gT, a. Having power
to a critical period of life. —
n. A
critical period in to clog. —
Clog'giness, n.
human life, or one in which change is supposed to Cloister, klois'ter, n. A
covered arcade a monastic
take place in the constitution; any critical period. establishment. t;. —
t. [cloistered (-terd), -ter-
;

[Gr. Mimakter, step of a ladder.] —

Grand or great ing.] To confine in a cloister. [OF. clointre, L.
climacteric. The 63d year. claustrum, fr. claudere, clausum, to shut, shut in, in-
Climb, kllm, v. i. or t. [climbed (klimd) or (obs. or vul- close. See Close.] —
Clois'tral, Clans'' tral, klaws'-
gar) clomb (kl5m), climbing.] To ascend by means tral, a. Pert, to, or confined in, etc. Clois'terer, n. —
of hands and feet; to mount laboriously or slowly. An inmate of, etc.
[AS. climban, D. and MHG. klimmen; s. rt. clip, Cloke. See Cloak.
cleave, clamber.] —
Climb'able, a. —
Climb'er, n. Close, kloz, v. t. [closed (klozd), closing.] Tg
Clime, kllm, n. Same as Climate. bring together the parts of; to stop, shut; to bring
Clinch, klinch, Clench, v. t. [clinched (klincht), to an end, conclude; to inclose, encompass, confine.
clinching.] To make or hold fast, grasp, gripe; — v. i. To come together, unite or coalesce; to end,
to render firm, confirm, establish. —
n. Act or pro- terminate. —
n. Union of parts; junction; termina-
cess of. etc.; or that which serves to hold fast; a tion; end; a grapple in wrestling. (Mus.) Emi
pun. (Naut.) A
kind of knot and seizings to fasten of a strain of music; cadence. An inclosed
a cable or gun to ring-bolts. [ME. clenchen, to rivet, place; esp. a field or piece of land; a passage
fasten firmly, D. klinken, to sound, tinkle, also to from a street to a court, and the houses with-
rivet, f r. Mink, a blow, rivet, Dan. klinke, Sw. klinka, in; the precinct of a cathedral or abbey. [OF.™
a latch, rivet, OF. clenche, a latch.] —
Clinch'er, n. clos, inclosed, p. p. of clore, L. claudere, clau-
One who, or that which, etc.; a decisive argument. sum, to shut, shut in.] —
Clos'er, n. Closure, klo'- —
ding, kling, v. i. [clung, clinging.] To adhere zhur, n. Act of shutting; a closing; that which
closely, hold fast, esp. by winding round or em- shuts, incloses, or confines; end; conclusion. To —
bracing. — v. t. To cause to adhere to. [AS. clin- close with. To accede, consent, or agree; to grapple
gan, to shrivel up, dry up, Dan. klynge, to cluster, a with. — Close, klos, a. Shut fast; closed; tight; pent
cluster, Sw. klange, a tendril, clasper, clanga, to up; confined; secret; stagnant; without motion or
climb ; s. rt. clamber, clamp, climb, clip, clump, ventilation; secretive; reticent; parsimonious; nig-
ci-amp.] — Cling'y, -T, a. Adhering closely. Cling'- — gardly; dense; solid; compact; adjoining; near; in-
stone, n. Avariety of peach, whose pulp adheres timate; confidential; adhering to rule; strict; accu-
closely to the stone. rate; precise; evenly balanced: doubtful. adv. In —
Clinic, klinlk, -ical, a. Pert, to a bed; confined to a close manner or state. —
Close communion. With
bed by illness ; bed-ridden. —
Clinic, n. One con- Baptists, communion in the Lord's supper only
fined, etc. [L. clinicus, a bed-ridden person, a phy- with those baptized by immersion. C. breeding. —
sician, fr. Gr. kline, a bed, fr. klinein, to slope, lie Breeding between animals nearly akin. C. corpo- —
down.] —Clinique, -ek', n. An examination of dis- ration. A body which fills its own vacancies, and is
eased persons by medical professors in presence of not open to the public— C. vowel. (Pron.) One
their pupils. [F.] pronounced with a diminished aperture of the lips,
Clink, klink, v. t. [clinked (klinkt), clinking.] To or with contraction of the cavity of the mouth. —
make a small, sharp, ringing sound. n. —ring- A Closely, adv.— Close'ness, n. —
Ciose'-bodied, -bod'-
ing sound. [Ic. kling! tins! tang!, klingja, to ring,
D. klinken, to sound, tinkle, ktink, a blow. See
id, o. iitting the body exactly.
ous; niggardly.
—
ast'ed, a. Covet-
hauled, -ha'wlrt, a. (Naut.\ Kept
Click.] — Clink'er, n. Several bricks united by as near as possible to the point from which the wind
heat; scoria, or refuse of a furnace; vitrified mat- blows. stool, n. A box containing i chamber ves-
ter ejected from a volcano. \T>.klinker, a hardened sel for the sick. —
Closet, kloz'et, »,. room for re- A
brick (which is sonorous), klinke, & tile.]— Clink'- tirement or privacy; a small, close apartment, for
stone, n. (Mn.) An igneous rock of feldspathic utensils, articles of furniture, etc. v. t. To shut —
composition like porphyry, but lamellar. up in a closet ; to take into a private room for con-
Clip, klip, v. t. [clipped (klipt), clipping.] Orig., sultation. [OF., dim. of clos, an inciosed place.]
to embraee, encompass; to cut off, as with a single Clot, klot, n. A
concretion, esp. of a soft, slimy char-
stroke; to curtail, cut short, v. i. —
To move swift- acter; a coagulation. —
v. i. To concrete or coagu-
ly. — n. An embrace; a cutting; shearing; product late; to be formed into clots or clods; to becorne
of a single shearing; a blow or stroke with the hand. gross. [D. kluit, a clod, Moot, a ball, sphere Ic. and
[AS. clyppan, to embrace, Ic. and Sw. klippa, to clip, Sw. Mot, Dan. Mode, sphere, ball. See Clod.] —
shear, — fr. the drawing closely of the edges of Clofty, -tT, o. Full of, etc.
shears; s. rt. cleave, climb.] —
Clip'per, n. One who Cloth, kloth, n. A woven stuff of fibrous material: a
clips; esp. who cuts off edges of coin. {Naut.) A profession, or the members of it, esp. the clerical
fast-sailing vessel, having the bow sharp and long. profession [AS. cladh, Ic. klxdhi, Dan. and Sw.
— Clip'ping, n. Act of embracing, cutting off , or klsede, cloth ;_D. Meed, G. kleid, garment.] —Clothes,
curtailing; thing clipped off. klotiiz or kloz, n. pi. Covering for the body, or of

sun, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

CLOUD 96 CO APTATE
a bed; garments; dress. TAS. cladhas, pi. of cladh.] lect into a bunch or
close body. [AS.; s. rt. clifian,
—Cloth measure. The measure of length of surface
by which cloth is sold, —a division of the yard into
to adhere E. cleave, cling.]
to, Clustery, -I, ». —
Growing or full of, etc.
in,
quarters and nails. —
Clothes'' wringer. A machine Clutch, kluch, v. t. [clutched (klucht), clutching,]
for wringing water from clothes after washing. — To seize, clasp, or gripe
Clothe, kloflb., v. t. [clothed (klothd) or clad, with the hand to close
clothing.] To put garments upon, furnish with
— tightly, clinch. — v.;

i. To
raiment to cover or invest, as with a garment.
;

— catch, snatch. — n. A-s

v. i. To wear clothes. [Ic. klsedha, D. kleeden.] fripe seizure; grasp
— ;

Cloth/ ing, n. Raiment; covering.

n.
Clothier, -ygr,
One who makes, sells, dresses, or fulls cloth.
Cloud, klowd, n. A collection of visible vapor sus-
pended in the atmosphere; a mass of smoke or dust
resembling vapor; a dark vein or spot in marble,
Mach.)
piece, for connecting
A
shafts, so as to be disen-
gaged a t pleasure ; t h e
cross-head of a piston-rod.
projecting

w-fr Clutch.
etc. ; that which has a lowering or threatening as- pi. The hands ; hence, power ; rapacity. [ME.
pect; a great crowd or multitude. v. t. To be — clucchen, to claw, clechen, to snatch, fr. AS. gelxc-
overspread with clouds; to render dark or obscure; can, to seize; s. rt. latch.]
to variegate with colors. v. i. —
To grow cloudy or Clutter, klut'ter, n. A
confused collection; confu-
ofcscure. [AS. clud, a mass; s. rt. clew, cleave, clot,
— sion; disorder. —
v. t. [cluttered (-tSrd), -tering.]
clod.] Cloud'y, -I, a. Overcast or obscured with, To crowd together in disorder, fill with things in
or consisting of, clouds; lacking clearness; not eas- confusion. v. i. — To make a bustle, or fill with
ily understood; having the appearance of gloom; confusion. [W. cludair, a heap, pile.]
—
marked with veins or spots. Cloud'ily, -I-lI, adv. Clypeate, klip'e-at, a. (Bot.) Shaped like a round
— Cloudiness, n. — Cloudless, a. Unclouded. shield; scutate. [L. clypeus, a shield.]
Clough, kluf n. A narrow valley between hills. [Ic.
, Clyster, klisler, n. (Med.) An injection into the
klofi, fr. kluifa, to cleave same as cleft] ; bowels1 [L. Gr. Muster, f r. kluzein, to wash.]
;

Clough, Cloff, klof, n. An allowance of two pounds Coach, koch, n. A

large, close, four-wheeled carriage.
in every hundred weight, after deducting tare and — v. t. To convey in a coach; to cram, or prepare
tret; a sluice for letting off water. for an examination. [F. coche, fr. L. concha, shell,
Clout, klowt, n. A piece of cloth, leather, etc., fora boat.] — Coach'ee, n. Slang name for a coachman.
patch; the center of an archer's butt; an iron plate — Coacb/-box, n. Seat for the driver of a coach. —
on an axletree. [AS. clut, Ir. and Ga. clud.] v. — Coach/man, n. One who drives a coach.
t. To cover with cloth or other material; to patch; Coaction, ko-ak'shun, n. Force ; compulsion. [L.
join in a clumsy manner; to guard with an iron coactio, fr. con, together, and agere, actum, to drive.]
plate. —
Clouts-nail, n. A
nail lor securing patches — Coactlve, -iv, a. Serving to compel or constrain;
of iron^etc, also for soles of shoes. acting in concurrence.
Clove, klov, n. A
pungent aromatic spice, the unex- Coadjutor, ko-ad-julgr, n. One who aids another, or
panded flower-bud of the clove tree. [F. clou, a is empowered to perform the duties of another; as-
clove, f r. L. clavus, a nail, —
the clove being nail- sistant ; colleague; co-worker. [L.; con, with, ad,
shaped.]— Clove '-gUly-flower, -jil'fi-flow-er, -pink, to, juvare, to help.] —
Coadjulrix, n. A female as-
n. The carnation pink. sistant.— Coad'jutant, a. Mutually assisting.
Clove, klov, n. (Bot.) One of the small bulbs devel- Coagent, ko-a'jent, n. An assistant or associate.
oped in the axils of the scales of a large bulb. [AS. Coagulate, ko-ag'u-lat, v. t. To cause to change into
clufe, perh. fr. cleofan, to cleave.] a curd-like state, —
said of liquids. v.i. To un- —
Clove-hitch, Cloven, etc. See under Cleave. dergo coagulation, thicken, curdle. [L. coagvlare,
Clover, klo'vSr.w. {Bot.) A plant of the grass kind. f r. coagulum, rennet, fr. con, together, and agere, to
[AS. clsefre. D. klaver, Dan. Mover ; prob. f r. AS. drive.] —
Coag'ulable, a. —
Coagulalion, n. Act
cleofan, to cleave.] —
To live in clover. To live lux- of, etc. —Coag'ulative, -tiv, a. Causing, etc. Co- —
uriously, or in abundance. ag'ulator, n. That which causes, etc. Coag'u- —
Clown, kfown, n. A husbandman; rustic; an ill-bred lum, n. A coagulated mass, as curd. [L.]
man ; the fool in a play, circus, etc. v. i. To act — Coal, kol, n. Wood charred, or partially burnt; char-
as a clown. [Ic. klunrd, a clumsy fellow; s. rt. clump, coal. (Min.) A black, solid, combustible substance,
club, clumsy.] —
Clownish, a. Like, etc.; ungainly; consisting mainly of carbon, used for fuel. v. t. —
boorish. —
Clownlshly, adv. Clownlshness, — [coaled (kold), coaling.] To burn to coal, char;
Cloy, kloi, v. t. [cloyed (kloidj), cloying.] To glut to mark with charcoal; to supply with coal. v.i. —
or satisfy, satiate, surfeit. [OF. doer, F. clouer, t< To take in coal, —said of steam-vessels. [AS. col,
nail up, fr. L. clavus, nail.] Ic, Sw., and MHG. kol; prob. s. rt. Skr.jral,to
Club, klub, n. A
heavy staff, wielded with the hand; blaze.] —
To carry coals. To submit to degradation
one of the suits of cards, having a figure like the or insult. —
To carry c. to Newcastle. To do some-
clover-leaf. v. t. —
To strike with a club. [Ic. and thing superfluous; to lose one's labor. Tohaul over —
Sw. kluhba, Dan. klub, club; Sw. and Dan. klump, a the c. To scold or call to account. —
Coal'ery, -er-T,
lump.] —
Clubfoot, n. short, deformed foot.A Colliery, koKySr-I, n. A place where coal is dug.—
[Dan. klumpfod.]
Club, klub, n.
foot'ed, a. —
law, n. Violence.
An association of persons for some
— Collier, -yer, n. A digger of or dealer in, eoal; a
vessel for transporting coal. —
,

Coal'y, -T, a. Pert,

common object, at joint expense. v. i. and t. To — to or containing coal. —
Colly, kSKl, n. Black grime
combine to promote some common object; to pay or soot of coal or burnt wood. v. t. —
[collied
one's proportion of a common expense. [G. klub; (kol'id), -lying.] To render black. —
same as clump (of people).]
posed to associate.
Club'bish, a. Dis-
—
Club-house, n. House occu-
— A region where coal abounds. heav'er, n. One em-
ployed in discharging coal from ships, cars, etc.
—
Coal'field, n.

—
pied by, etc. —
room, n. Place where a club meets.
Cluck, kluk, v. i. [clucked (klukt), clucking.] To
-measure, -mezh'gr, n. The measure used in ascer-

make the noise of a brooding hen. v. t. To call, as

a hen does her chickens. —
—
A —
taining the quantity of coal, pi. (Geol.) Strata of
coal with the attendant rocks. oil, n. —
Petroleum.
pit, n. A pit where coal is dug, or charcoal made.

mat.
n. (Pron.) peculiar
articulation used by natives of South Africa. [Ono-
AS. cloccian, D. klokken, Dan. kluJcke, G.
;
— scut'tle, n. A utensil for holding coal.
A substance, distilled from bituminous
tar, n.
coal.
— —
glucken, to cluck. See Clack, Click.] -whip'per, n. One who raises coal from a ship's hold.
Clue. Same as Clew. Coalesce, ko'a-les', v. i. [coalesced (-lest'), coa-
Clump, klump, n. A
shapeless mass of wood, etc.; a lescing.] To grow together; unite into one mass;
cluster of trees; the compressed clay of coal strata. unite in society. [L. coalescere, fr. con and alescere,
[Dan. and G.; s. rt. clamp, club. See Club.] to grow up, freq. of alere, to nourish.] Coales'- —
Clumsy, klum^zT, a. Without grace of shape, man- cence, -sens, n. Act of, etc.; union. Coales'cent, —
ners, etc. awkward ; uncouth. [Sw. klummsen, D.
; Growing together. — Coalition, -lish'un, n.
-sent, a.
kteumsrh, benumbed with cold s. rt. clam, clamp, ; Union in a body or mass; a temporary combination
cramp.] —
Clum'sily, -zl-ll, adv.— Clum'siness, n. of persons, parties, states, etc., having di'« erent in-
Clung. See Cling. terests; confederacy; combination; conspiracy.
Cluniac. klu'nl-ak, n. One of
a reformed order of Coamings, Combings, kom'ingz, n. pi. (Naut.) The
Benedictine monks, —so called fr. Cheny, in France. raised borders or edges of the hatches.
Cluster, kluslSr, n. A
number of similar things Coaptate, ko-ap'tat, v. t. To adjust, as parts to each
growing, joined, or collected together; a crowd.— other, — esp. (Surg.) to adjust the parts of a broken
v. i. [clustered (-tSrd), -teeing.] To grow in bone. [L. con and aptare, aptatum, to adapt.] Co- —
clusters, gather in a bunch or mass. v. t. To col- — aptation, -ta'shun, n. Adaptation of, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, Sve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 3r
 COARSE 97 COCOON
Coarse, kors, a. Large in bulk, or composed of large [F. huppe, a bird's crest.]— Cock ami bull stoi-y. An
parts; not refined or nice; gross: rough; indelicate. improvable or baseless story. —
Cock'y, -I. a. Pert
[Orig. course, prob. contr. for in course.]
—
Coarsely, — swaggering saucy.
knot of ribbons,
; — Cockade,
-ad r /i.
etc., on the hat.
rosette or
[Corrup. f r. F. c#-
, A
-IT, adv. Coarse'neBS, n.
Coast, kost, n. Orig. the exterior line, or border of a quarde, fr. coq.] —
Cock'atoo', n. A bird of the par-
country; edge of trie laud next to the sea; sea-shore. rot kind, having a crest of feathers which it can
— v.i. To approach; to sail by or near a coast; to raise or depress. [Onomat.; Malay kakaiua ; kakuk,
sail from port to port in the same country; to slide the cackling of hens, kukuk, crow of a cock.] —
down a hill on a sled, upon snow or ice. [F. core. Cock'atrice, -tris, n. The basilisk a fabulous ser-
OF. coste, L. costa, rib, side; s. rt. accost, cutlet.] — pent, hatched by a serpent from a cock's egg, and
;

Coasting trade. Trade between different ports of whose breath or look was fatal. [OF. cocatrice,
the same country, as disting. f r. foreign trade. — crocodile, LL. cocatrix. crocodile, basilisk.] Cock'- —
Coasfer, n. A
person or vessel that sails along a crow, -crowding, n. The time at which cocks crow
coast trading from port to port. Coast'-line, n. — early morning. —
Cock'er, n. One who follows cock-
;

Outline of a coast; shore line. Coast/wise, adv. — fighting; a dog of the spaniel kind, used for start-
By way of, or along, the coast. ing up woodcocks, etc. —
Cock'erel, n. A young
A — A
Coat, kot, n. man's outer garment ; the habit or
vesture of an order of men an external covering,
as fur or hair of a beast a layer of any substance
;
;
cock.
test of game-cocks. loft, n.—
Cock-fight, -fight'ing, -match, n.
The top-loft upper
room. —-pit, n. An area wiiere game-cocks fight.
con-
;

covering another a tegument that on which en-

; ; [See also under Cockboat.]— Cocks'conib, -kom, n.
signs armorial are portrayed. v. t. To cover with — The caruncle or comb of a cock. {l,ot.) A plant of
a coat. [OF. cote, LL. cota, a garment, tunic s. rt. different genera. A vain, siliv fellow; a fop. [See
AS. and E. cote, E. cot.] Coat of arms. (Her.) — ;

A Coxcomb.] —
Cock'spur, n. The spur on a cock's
nabit worn by knights over armor : an armorial de- leg. (Eot.) A variety of hawthorn.
vice. —
C. or' mail. Armor covering the upper por- Cock, kok, n. A pile of hay. v. t. —
[cocked (kokt),
tion of the body, consisting of a net-work of iron cocking.] To set up in piles. [Dan. kok, a heap.]
rings. — Coatee', n. A
short coat.— Coating, n. Cock, kok, n. Act of turning or setting up thing set
—
;

Any substance used as a cover or protection cloth up the gnomon

or style of a dial. v. t. To set
— ; ;

for coats.
al ensigns. —
Coat'armor, n. Coats of arms armori-
card, n. A
card bearing a coated fig-
ure viz., the king, queen, or knave.
; erect, turn up

—
[Ga. coc, to cock.]
horse, n.
to place upon the head jauntily.

A
;

—
Cock/eye, n. A squinting eye.
child's rocking-horse.
;

Coax, koks, v. t. [coaxed (kokst), coaxing.] To Cock, kok, n. The hammer of a gun-lock. v. t. To —
persuade by insinuating courtesy, flattery, or fond- draw back the cock, in order to fire. [It. cocca, F.
ling; to wheedle, fawn. [ME. cokes, simpleton, gull, coche, the notch of an arrow F. de~cocher, to let fly
;

dupe pern. s. rt. cockney.]

; Coax'er, n. — an arrow, encocher, to fit an arrow to the bowstring.]
Cob, kob, n. The top or head ; hence, that which is — Cockleather, n. (Arch.) The feather above the
large,round, etc. a person at the top, or distin-
; notch, when the arrow is fitted to the string.
guished a rich, covetous person a lump or piece,
; ; Cock, Cockboat, kok'bot, n. A
ship's small boat.
as of stone; a spider a short-legged and stout vari- [OF. coque, It. cocca, Sp. coca, LL. cocco, cogo, D.
—
;

ety of horse ; the spike on which grains of maize and Dan. hog; prob. fr. L. concha, a shell.] Cock'-
(Xaut.) Position of the anchor, when sus-
grow. [W. cob, a tuft, spider, cop, top, crest, Ga.
copan, boss of a shield, cup, D. kop, head, man, cup.]
— Cob'ble, Cob1)le-fltone, Cob'stone, n. A rounded
bill, n.
pended from the cat-head, ready to drop.
A room under the lower gun-deck, used for the
pit, n. —
fragment, as of coal, stone, etc. — Cob'nut, n. A wounded during action. —
Cockswain, kok'sn, n.
large nut; a child's game played with nuts, also the The person who steers a boat.
mut winning the game. — Cob'web, A spider's n. Cockchafer, kok'chaf-er, n. (Entom.) The May-bug
net a snare or device.
; r. t. —
To cover with, or as or dor-beetle. [Corrup. of clock-chafer, Scot, clock,
with, cobwebs. [Fr. W. cob, spider, and E. web ; or beetle.] —Cock roach, -roch, n. An insect of sev-
7,

abbr. of ME. alter cop-web, fr. AS. attorcoppa, spider, eral species, infesting houses, ships, etc.
fr. ator, poison, and coppa W. cop.] = Cocker, kok'er, v. t. [cockered (-erd), -ering.] To
Cobalt, ko'bawlt, n. A
reddish-gray metal, brittle, treat with tenderness, fondle, pamper. [F. coque-
and difficult of fusion its oxides are used in glass
: liner, te dandle, W. coc>~i, to fondle.]
manufacture to produce the blue varieties called Cocket, kok'et, n. A custom-house certificate that
smalt. [G. /cobalt for kobold, a goblin, LL. cobalus, goods have been entered and paid dutv the office
—
;

Gr. kobalos.] Cobalt 1c, -ous, a. Pert, to, etc. where goods are entered for export. [Prob. corrup.
Cobble, kob'bl. n. A
fishing-boat. See Coble. — for L. quo quietus, —
words used in the certificate.]
stone. See under Cob. Cockle, kokl, n. (Bot.) A
weed that grows among
Cobble, kob'bl, v. t. [cobbled (-bid), cobbling.] corn, corn-rose the darnel. [AS. coccel, Ga. cogall,
;

To make or mend coarsely, as shoes; to do bun- tares.]— (Concha A

bivalve shell fish having a cor-
glingly. [OF. cobler, coubler, to couple, join to- rugated shell. [W. cocos, cocs, cockles. L. cochlea,
gether, L. copulare.] —
Cob'bler, n, A mender of a snail, concha, Gr. kongche, a mussel, cockle.] —
shoes; a clumsy workman a beverage composed of v. t. To contract into wrinkles, like ridges of the
—
;

wine, sugar, lemon, and broken ice. cockle-shell. v. i. To take the form of wrinkles.
Coble, kohl, n. A
boat used in herring fishery. [W. — Cockier, n. One who takes and sells cockles. —
ceubal, skiff, ceubren, hollow tree, ceuo, to hollow.] Cockle-shell, n. The shell of, etc. Cockle-stairs, —
Cobra de capello, ko'bra-da-ka-pello. The hooded n. pi. Winding or spiral stairs.
snake, a venomous reptile of the East Indies. [Pg., Cockney, kok'nt, n. : pi. -xeys, -niz. An effeminate
serpent of the hood.] person; a resident of London. —
a. Pert, to or like,
Cocagne, kok-an', n. An imaginary countrv of idle- etc. [F. coquin, a beggar, sneak, fr. coquiner, LL.
ness, luxury, and delight the land of cockneys, :
— coquinare. to serve in a kitchen, fr. L. coquina. kitch-
applied to London and its suburbs. [F. It. Cu- en prob. not fr. Cocagne.] —
Cock'neydom, -nf-
—
: ;

eaqna, fr. cucca, sweetmeats, fr. L. coquere, to cook.] dum, n. The region of cockneys London. Cock'' :

Cocciferous, kok-sif er-us, a. Bearing berries. [L. neyism, -nl-izm, n. Qualities, man-
coccuin, a berry, and/erre, to bear.] ners, or dialect of, etc.
Cochineal, koch'1-nel, n. A plant-louse found upon Cocoa, ko'ko, n. (Bot.) A
palm tree
the Mexican cactus; the dried insects used as a scar- producing the cocoa-nut. [Pg. and
let dye-stuff, from which earmine is made. [Sp. Sp. coco, a bugbear, ugly mask,
L. coccinus, scarlet, and coccum. berry,
cochiiiilla, fr. also a cocoa-nut. from the likeness
cochineal, the ancients supposing the insect to be a of the nut to an ugly face.] —A
berry.] preparation made from cacao seeds;
Cochlea, kokle-a, n. (Anat.) The spiral cavity of the a beverage made from it. [Corrup.
internal ear._ [L., a snail shell.] Cochleafy, -le-a- — of cacao, q. v.] —
Cocoa shells. The
rl, -ate, -le-at, -ated, a. (Rat. Hist.) Having the dried husks of crcao seeds.
form of a snail-shell spiral turbinated. ; ; Cocoon, ko-k(3on r n. An oblong case
,

Cock, kok, n. The male of birds, esp. of domestic which contains the silkworm in its
fowls a vane shaped like a fowl, weathercock a
; ; chrysalis state: the case constructed
chief man, leader an instrument to let out liquor
: by an insect to contain its larve. __ilL'fi
from a cask, spout. [AS., fr. OF. coc. F. cog, L. [F. cocon. dim. of coque, a shell.]
coccus, a cock onomat. ;Gr. kokku, cry of the ; Cocoon'ery, -«r-T, n. A
place for "~^SS
cuckoo, also of the cock, Skr. ku, to cry, kiij. to cry silk-worms, when feeding and form- Cocoa tree.
as a bird.] —
Cock-a-hoop. Triumphant exulting. ; ing cocoons.

sun, cube, full ; moon, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNboN, chair, get.
7
 — —

COCTION 98 COHORT
Coctiom, kok'shun, n. Act of boiling. (Med.) Altera- the stone on which forms are imposed, —v. t. [oof-
tion experienced by morbific matter before elimina- fined (-find), -fining.] To put into, etc. [Same
tion. [L,. coctio, a boiling, digestion, fr. coquere, as coffer.] — Coffin-bone, n. (Far.) horse's foot- A
caelum, to cook.] —
Coc'tile, -til, a. Made by bak- bone inclosed within the hoof.
ing, as bricks. Cog, kog. o. t. and i. [cogged (kogd), cogging.] To
Cod, kod, n. A husk or envelope containing seeds a wheedle, deceive ; to thrust in, Dy deception. [W.
pod the scrotum.
: [AS., a
;

coegio, to trick, pretend, coeg, empty, vain.] re. —

bag-]— Uc hth.) A fish in- A tooth on a wheel, transmitting motion. v. t. —
habiting the northern seas. To fix a cog upon, furnish with cogs. [Ga. and Ir.;
[G. jadde, L. gadus, Gr. ga- Sw. kuggr, cog It. cocca, F. coche, notch. See
dos.] —
Coddling, n. A young Cock.] —Cog'-wheel, n.
;

wheel with teeth. A

cod. —
Cod'liver oil. A fixed Cod. Cogent, ko'jent, a. Having great force pressing on ;

oil obtained from livers of the cod, very nutrient, the mind; not easily resisted; convincing; conclu-
and used medicinally for rheumatism, skin diseases, sive. [L. cogens, p. pr. of cogere, to force, fr. con
pulmonary consumption, etc. —
and agere, to drive.] Co / gently, adv. Co'gency,'
—
Coddle, kod'al, v. t. [-DLED(-dld), -dling.] To par- -sT, re. Power of constraining; force.
boil ; to treat tenderly. [Perh. corrup. fr. caudle.] Cogitate, koj'Y-tat, r. i. To engage in continuous
Coda, kod, «. Acollection, system, or digest of laws.— thought, reflect. [L. cogitate, -tat/im, to think, fr.
Co'dex, n. ; pi. Codices, kod'Y-sez. A manuscript; com and agitare, to agitate, freq. of agere.] Cogi- —
book; code. [F. code, fr. L. codex, orig. trunk of a tation, a. Act of thinking: meditation; contem-
tree, hence tablet, book.] —
Codify, -fi, v. t. [-fied plation.— Cogitable, a. Capable of being made
(-fid), -fyinu.] To reduce to a code or digest, as the subject of thought. —
Cogitative, -tiv, a. Pos-
laws. [L. facere, to make.] —
Cod'inca'tion, /;. sessing, or pert, to, the power of meditation; given
Act of, etc. —
Codicil, -T-sil, n. A supplement to a to thought: contemplative.
will. [L. codicillus, dim. of codex.] Cognac, kon'yak, n. A brandy formerly made at
Codger, kod'jer, n. A mean person ; curmudgeon Cognac, France. [Written improp. Cogniac.]
;

odd old person. [Perh. corrup. of cottager.] Cognate, kog'nat, a. Allied by blood or birth kin-
Codlin, -ling, kodling, n. An immature apple a dred in origin, formation, etc. n. (Law.) One
; — ;

cooking apple. [Fr. cod, a pod.] connected with another by kindred one related to :

Coefficient, ko-ef-nsh'ent, a. Cooperating acting another on the female side one of several things
;

in union to the same end. n. —

That which unites, allied in origin. [L. cognatus, fr. con and nasci,
;

etc. (Math.) A known quantity put before letters natus (orig. gnasci, gnatus), to be born. See Con-
or quantities, to show how often to take them. [L. nate.]— Cogna^ tion, «. Relation by descent from
co and efficere, to cause, fr. ex, out, and facere, to the same original: participation of the same nature.
make.] —
Coefficiently, adv. —
Coeffi'ciency, -sT, n. (Law.) Relationship between descendants from the
Cooperation. same father and mother.
Coehorn, ko'h&rn, n. (Mil.) A small bronze mortar, Cognize, koglnz, v. t. To recognize, perceive. [L.
— invented by Baron Coehorn. cognoscerc. fr. con and noscere (orig. gnoscere), to
Coeliac, Celiac, selY-ak, a. Pert, to the belly or in- know.] — Cognizee, -see, kog- or kon'Y-ze', n. (Law.)
testinal canal. [Gr. koilia, belly, fr. kodos, hollow.] One to whom a fine of land is acknowledged.
Coemption, ko-emp'shun, n. Act of purchasing the Cognizor, -sor, kog- or kon-Y-zor / n. (Law.) One ',

whole quantity of a commodity. [L. con and euiere, who acknowledges the right of the cognizee in a
emptuin, to buy.] fine; the defendant. Cognition, kog-nish'un, n. —
Coequal, ko-e'kwal, a. Equal with another of the Act of knowing: object known. Cog'nitive, -tiv, —
—
;

same rank, dignity, or power. n. One who is, etc. — «. Knowing. Cognizable, kog'- or kon'Y-za-bl, a.
— Coequality, -kwol'Y-tY, n. State of being, etc. Capable of being known, or apprehended fitted to
Coerce, ko-ers', v. t. [coerced (-erst'), coercing.] be a subject of judicial investigation. Cog'ni- — ;

To restrain by force, constrain, repress, compel. zance, kog'- or kon r Y-zans, n. Knowledge or notice;
[L. cdm for cum, with, and arcere, to inclose, confine, observation recognition judicial knowledge or ju- :

area, a chest.] —
r
Coer cible. -st-bl, a. Capable of risdiction. (Lair.) An acknowledgement or confes-
;

being, or deserving to be, etc. —Coercion, -er'shun, sion. A badge, to indicate the party to which one
n. Act or process of, etc. restraint.— Coer'cive, -siv,
; belongs. —
Cognizant, kog'- o kon'Y-zant, a. Hav- •

a. Compelling, or able to compel compulsbry>v__

; ing knowledge of. Cognoscible, kog-nos'sY-bl, a. —
Coessential, kores-sen'shal, a. Partaking of the same Capable of being known; liable to judicial cogni-
essence. — CoesBentiality, -shY-aKT-tl, n. Participa- zance. —
Cognos'cibillty, n. Quality of being, etc.
tion of, etc. —
Cognoscente, -senla, n. ;pl. -centi, -sen'tY. One
Coetaneous, ko-e-ta'ne-us, a. Of the same age be- who Knows; a connoisseur. TOIt.] Cogno'vit, n.
; —
ginning at the same time. [L. con and setas, age.] (Law.) An acknowledgment by a defendant of the
Coeternal. ko-e-ter'nal, a. Equally eternal. Co- —
justice of a plaintiff's claim. [L., he acknowledges.]
eter/ nity,-tl, n. Equal eternity with another. Cognomen, kog-no'men, n. A surname; the last of
Coeval, ko-e'val. a. Of equal age. n. —
One of the the 3 names of an ancient Roman, denoting his
same age. [L. con and serum, lifetime, age.] family. [L., fr. con and nomen (orig. gnomen), name,
Coexist, ko-egz-isf, v. i. To exist at the same time. ir. noscere, to know.]— Cognomlnal, a. Pert, to a
— Coexist 'ence, n. Existence it the same time with surname. —
Cognom / ina''tion, rt. A surname.
another. — Coexistent, a. Existing, etc. Cohabit, ko-hab rit, v. i. Orig., to dwell with, or In-
Coextend, ko-eks-tend', v. t. To extend through the habit the same place or country; to live together as
same space with another. —
Coexten'sion, -shun, n. husband and wife. [L. con and habitare, to dwell.}
Equal extension. —
Coexten'sive, -siv, a. Cohabitant, n. One who, etc. — Cohab ita'tion, —
Coffee, koffe, n. The berries of a tree growing in n. Act or state of, etc.
warm climates of Asia and Co-heir, ko-ar', n. A
joint heir.— Co-heiress, ko-ar'es,
America a drink made from
; n. A joint heiress.
the roasted berry, by decoc- WJ» Cohere, Ico-her', v. i. [cohered (-herd"), cohering.1
tion. [Turk, qahveh, Ar. qah- ^* To stick together; to follow regularly in the natural
we*.] —
Coffee-house, n. A t
order ; to cleave, adhere, agree, fit. [L. con and
house for the sale of coffee and hserere, to stick.] —
Coherence, -ens, -ency, -en-sY,
other refreshments. mill, n. n. A sticking together; suitable connection; consist-
A mill for grinding coffee. ency. —Coherent, a. Sticking together; connected
—
-pot, n. A covered pot in by some relation of form, order, etc.; consistent.
which coffee is boiled, or Coher'ently, adv. —
Coherer, ko-her'Sr, n. (Elec.) A
brought upon the table. device, used in wireless telegraphy, for detecting the
Coffer, koffer, n. A chest, esp. ^orree. presence of electric waves. It usually consists of a
for money. (Arch.) A sunken panel. (Fort.) A number of small conducting particles, as metallic fil-
hollow work across a dry moat, serving as a parapet ings, inclosed in aglass tube and forming a connec-
with embrasures. A lock to receive a barge. — v. t. tion between two electrodes. Cohe'sion, -zhun, n. —
[coffered (-ferd), -fering.] To place in a coffer. Actof stickingtogether; attraction by which particles
[OF. eqfre, cofin, fr. L. cophbms, Gr. kophinos, a of homogeneous bodies unite; a stateof connection or
basket.] — Cofier dam. (Engin.) A box of timber, dependence. —
Cohe'sive, -siv, a. Having the power
to exclude water while constructing piers, etc. Of cohering, —
Cohe'siveness, n.
Coffin, kof'fin, The
case in which a body is
re. Cohort, ko'hSrt, n. (Rom. Antiq.) A body of about
inclosed for burial. (Far.) The hollow part of a 500 or 600 soldiers. Any band of warriors. [L. co-
horse's hoof. (Print.) A
wooden frame inclosing hors; s. rt. court, yard.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone,
 COIF 99 COLLOCATE
Coif, koif, n. A covering tor the head; cap. [OF.; Collar, kollar, n. Something worn rouni the neck.
L.L. cofia, MUG. kuffe, kwpfe, cap; s. rt. G. kopf, E. (Arch.) A ring
or cincture; astragal of a column.
cup.] — Coifed, koif t, a. Wearing a coil. —
Coiffure, (Mech.) A ring-like part
of a machine, for holding
-far, n. A head-dress. [F.] something to its place, (tfaitt.) An eye in the bight
Coigne, koin, Quoin, koin or kwoin, n. A corner or of a shroud, to go over the mast head. v. t. [col- —
external angle; corner-stone; a wedge. [F. coing, lared (-lard), -laring.] To seize by the collar,
coigne, corner, L. cuneus, wedge. See Coin.] put a collar on. [OF. collier, L. collare, neck-band,
Coil, koil, v. t. [coiled (koild), coiling.] To wind fr. collum. neck.] —
Col' lax- beam. n. (Arch.) A
—Rings formed by winding, horizontal piece of timber bracing two opposite raf-
in rings, as a rope.
etc.
— n.
n.
[OF. coillir, L. colligere, to collect; s. rt. cull.)
Noise; tumult. [OGa. and Ir. goill, war, fight.]
ters. —
bone, n. (Anat.) The clavicle, a bone joining
the breast-bone and shoulder-blade.
Coin, koin, n. A
corner or external angle; a wedge Collard, kollard, n. A kind of cabbage whose leaves
to raise, lower, fasten, or level anything, as a can- do not form a close head. [Corrup. of colewert.]
non, printer's form, etc.; a piece of metal stumped Collate, kol-lat', v. t. To compare critically; to gather
with characters, making it legally current as money; and place in order, as sheets of a book for binding.
that which serves for payment or recompense. v. t. — (EccL) To present and institute in a beaefice. v.
[coined (koind), coining.] To stamp and convert i. (Eccl.) To place in a benefice, as by a bishop.
into money; to mint; to make or fabricate. [OF., a [L. con and ferre, latum, to bear.]— Collation, -la'-
wedge, stamp upon coin, coin —
orig. stamped by Bhun, n. Act of bringing together and comparing;
means of a wedge; L. cuneus, wedge; 6. rt. Gr. konos, act of conferring or bestowing. (Eccl. Law.) Pre-
peg, cone, E. cone, hone.] —
Coin'age, -ej, n. Act er sentation to a benefice by a bishop. An unceremo-
art of coining; money coined; expense of coining; nious repast or lunch. —
Colla'tive, -tiv, a. Passing
act or process of forming; invention; fabrication. — or held by collation. —
Colla'tor, -ter.n. One who
Coin'er, n. One who makes coin; a minter; coun- collates manuscripts or books. (Eccl. Law.) One
terfeiter: inventor or maker. who collates to a benefice.
Coincide, koln-sid, v. i. To fall together, agree in Collateral, kol-lat'er-al, a. On the side of; subordi-
position, correspond, be identical. [L. con and in- nate^ connected indirect. (Genealogy.) Descend-
;

cidere, fr. in, upon, and cadere, to fall.] —

Coincid'er, ing from the same ancestor, but not one from the
n. —Coincidence, -si-dens, n. Act or condition of other, — n. A coHateral relation; security given in
falling together; agreement or concurrence, esp. of addition to a principal promise or bond. [L. con
events at the same time. —
Coincident, a. Having and latus, lateris, a side.] Collateral seaxrity. Se-
coincidence; agreeing. curity to perform covenants, or pay money, besides
Coir, kwoir, n. Cocoa-nut fiber for matting, ropes, the principal security. —
Collaterally, -IT, adv.
etc. [Tamil cuyer, a rope.] Colleague, kol'leg, n. One united with another in the
Coition, ko-ish'un, n. Sexual intercourse; copulation. discharge of some duty; partner; associate. v. t. or —
[L. coitio, fr. con and ire, iturn, to go.] i. To unite with in the sarae office. [F. collegve, L.
Coke, kok, n. Mineral coal charred, or deprived by fire collega, fr. con and legare, to send on an embassy.]
of volatile matter. —
v. t. [coked (kokt\ coking.] Collect, kol-lekf, v. t. To gather into one body or
To convert into coke. [Prob. same as cake.] place, bring together; to infer as a consequence, de-
Col, kol, n. A mountain pass. [F., a neck.] duce. —
v. i. To be assembled together, accumu-
Colander, kul'en-der, n. A
vessel with a perforated late; to infer, conclude. [OF. coliecter, LL. collec-
bottom for straining liquids. [L. cohtm, sieve, fr. tare, to collect money, L. collecta, a collection in
colare, to strain.] money, fr. con and legere, tectum ; to gather, read.] —
Colcbicum, kol'kf-kum, n. A
genus of plants, inclu- To collect one's self. To recover from surprise to
—
;

ding the meadow saffron, whose bulbs are used me- regain composure or self-possession. Collect 'ed,
dicinally for gout and rheumatism. [L.] a. Not disconcerted; self -possessed; cool; composed.
Colcothar, kol'ko-thar, n. (Chem.) Brown-red oxide — Collect'edneBB, n. —
Collectible, -I-bl, a. Capa-
of iron remaining after calcination of sulphate of ble of being gathered or inferred. —
Collect, kol'-
iron, —used for polishing glass, etc. [NX.] lekt, n. A
short, comprehensive prayer. Collecta'- —
Cold, kold.a. Destitute of warmth, physical or moral; nea, -ne-a. n. pi. Passages selected from various
bleak; chill; indifferent; spiritless; reserved. n. — authors anthology chrestemathy [L.]
; ; Collecta'-. —
Absence of warmth; sensation produced by escape neous, -ne-us, a. Gathered; collected. Collection, —
of heat; chilliness. (Med.) A
morbid state of the -lek'shun, n. Act of collecting; thing gathered;
animal system produced by cold; a catarrh. [AS. contribution; assemblage; crowd; mass; compila-
ceald, Dan. kold, D. koud, G. kalt.]— In cold blood. tion selection.
;
—
Collective, -iv, a. Formed by
Without excitement, passion, or compunction; de- fathering; gathered into a mass, sum, or body; de-
liberately. —
Cold shoulder. Deliberate neglect or ucing consequences. (Gram.) Expressing an ag-
—
contempt. —
Coldly, adv. —
Cold'ness, n. Cold'- — gregate of individuals. Tending to collect. Col-
blood'ed. -blud'ed, a. Having cold blood; without lectively, adv. In a body: unitedly. Collect' or, —
sensibility; hard-hearted; not thoroughbred, said — One who collects or gathers. (Com.) An
of animals.
cold metal.
—
—c his 'el, n. A
hard chisel for cutting
short, a. Brittle when cold. sore, —
-er, n.
officer who receives customs, taxes, or toll.— Col-
lect'orship, -orate, n. Offiee or jurisdiction of, etc.
n. (Pathol) A herpetic eruption, about lips or nos- College, kol'lej, n. A
collection er society of men; a
trils, attending catarrhal inflammation. society of scholars incorporated lor study or instruc-
Cole, kol, n. A
plant of the cabbage family; esp. the tion; an establishment for students acquiring lan-
species called also rape, which does not head like fuages and science. [F.; L. collegium, fr. colligere.
the cabbage. [L. caulis, stalk, cabbage same as ee Collect.] —
Colle'gial. -giate, -jf-at, a. Pert,
kail.] — Cole'wort, -wert, n. Cabbage cut young,
;

to, etc. — Colle'gian, -giate, n. A member of, etc.

before the head is firm. [AS. wyrt, a wort.] Collet, kollet, n. The part of a ring in which the
Coleus, kole-us. n. A
plant of the mint family, hav- stone [F., fr. col, L. collum, neck.]
is set.
ing variegated leaves. [Gr. koleos, a sheath, fr. — Collide, kol-lld'i v. i. To
strike or dash together. [L.
the manner in which its stamens are united.] Co- — coUidere, fr. con and Isedere, to strike.] Collision, —
leop'teral. -terous, -opler-us, a. Having wings -lizh'un, n. Act of, etc.; a state of opposition; in-
covered with a. case or sheath, as beetles. TGr. terference; clashing.
pteron, a wing.] —
Coleop'terist, n. One versed in Collie, Colly, kollT, n. A Scotch shepherd's dog.
the studv of, etc. [Ga. cidlean, Ir. cuileann, a whelp, cu, a dog.]
Colic, kol'ik, n. (Med.) Acute pain is the bowels, Collier, Colliery. See under Coal.
growing more severe at intervals. [F. colique, fr. Gr. Collimation, kol-lY-ma'shun, n. Act of aiming at a
koKkos, suffering in the (kolon) colon.] —
Lead colic, mark, or of leveling or directing the sight te a fixed
—
Painter's c, or Plumber's c. Colic produced by slow object. [F., fr. L. coHimare, to aim.] Line of colli-
poisoning with lead. —
Colicky, -T, a. Pert, to, etc. mation. The axial line of the telescope of an astro-
Coliseum. Same as Colosseum. nomical or geodetic instrument. —
Collima'ting, a.
Collaborator, kol-lab'o-ra'te'r, n. An associate in (Opt.) Pert, to, etc. Collima'tor,— n. telescope A
labor, esp. literary er scientific: co-worker; assistant. arranged to determine errors of collimation.
[F. coUaborateur, fr. L. con and laborare, to labor.] CollinguaL, kol-lin'gwal, a. Having, or pert, to, the
Collapse, kol-laps', v. i. [-lapsed (-lapsf), -lapsing.] same language." [L. con and lingua, tongue.]
To fall together suddenly, shrink up. n. —
falling A Colliquefaction, kol-lik'we-fak'shun, n. melting A
together, as of the sides of a hollow vessel. (Med?) together of bodies. [L. con, liquere, to be liquid,
A sudden failing of the vital powers. [L. con and and/acere, factum, to make.]
labi, lapsus, to glide down, lapse.] —
Collap'sion, Collision. See under Collide.
-shun, n. State of falling together, or shrinking up. Collocate, kollo-kat, v. t. To set or place; station.

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair,
 — ; ;

COLLODION 100 COMBAT

[L. con and locare, locatum, to place, fr. locus, a geant, -sar'jent or -sgr'jent, n. (Mil.) non-conh A
place; s. rt. couch. ] —
Colloca'tion, n. Act of pla- missioned officer, the color-bearer of a regiment.
cing; state of being placed, esp. with something else. Colorado beetle, kol-o-ra'do-be'tl. The potato-bug, —
Collection, kol-lo'dY-un, n. (Chem.) An adhesive so- a destructive yellow beetle, orig. fr. Colorado.
lution of gun-cotton in ether and alcohol, used to Colossus, ko-los'sus, n. ; L. pi. -si, -si E. pi. -suses, ;

close wounds, and in photography. [Gr. kolla, glue.] -ez. A gigan-

Collop, kol'lop, n. A
slice of meat; piece of anything. tic statue; esp.
[E.; OSw. kollops, G. klopps, slices of meat.] that at the en-
Colloqny, kol'lo-kwl, n. Mutual discourse; confer- trance of the
ence; dialogue. [L. colloquium, fr. con and loqui, to harbor at
speak.] —
Collo'quial, a. Pert, to, or used in, com- Rhodes. [L.;
—
mon conversation. Collo'quially, adv. Collo'- — Gr. kolossos.]
quialism, -izm, n. A
common form of expression. — Colos'sal,
— CoKloquist, -kwist, n. Speaker in a conversation, • ae 'an, a.
tiollude, kol-liid', v. i. To conspire in a fraud, act in Gigantic. —
concert. fL. con and ludere, to play.] Collud'er, — Colosse'um,
«. — Oollu'sion, -zhun, n. Secret agreement and co- n. Vespa-
operation for fraud; deceit; connivance. Collu'- — sian's amphi-
swe, -siv, a. Fraudulently concerted.— Collu'sively, theater in
adv. —
Collusiveness, n. — Collu'sory, -so-rl, a. Rome. [Also
Characterized by collusion. written Coli-
Colluvies, kol-lu'vl-ez, n. sing, and pi. A mass of seum.']
refuse matter; filth. [L., fr. con and luere, to wash.] Colporteur, kol-
Colly. See under Coal. por-tgr', Col'-
Cblocolo, kol-o-ko'lo, n. A
wild cat of South Amer. porter, n. One
Colocynth, kol'o-sinth, n. (Med.) The coloquintida, who peddles
or bitter apple; the pith of a species of cucumber, — religious
a strong cathartic. [Gr. kolokunthis, -thidos.~\ tracts and
Cologne, ko-lon', n. A toilet liquid, composed of al- books. [F.
cohol and aromatic oils, —
orig. made in Cologne. colporteur, fr.
Colon, ko'lon, n. (Anat.) The largest of the large cotporter, to
intestines. (Gram.) A
point [:] marking a pause carry on one's Colossus of Rhoc
greater than a semicolon, less than a period. fGr.] neck, fr. col (L. collurn), neck, and porter (L. por-
Colonel, ker'nel, n. (Mil.) The chief commander of tare), to carry.] —
Col'portage, -ej, n. Distribution
a regiment. fF., fr. It. colonello, colonel, orig., a of, etc.— Col'staff, n. A staff for carrying burdens on
little column, aim. of colonna, L. columna, column.] two persons' shoulders. [F. col and E. staff.]
— Colo'nelcy, -si, -ship, n. Office, rank, or commis- Colt, kolt, n. The young of the horse kind a young, ;

sion of, etc. foolish fellow. [AS. prob. s. rt. Goth, kuni, kin, E.
Colonnade, kol'on-nad', n. (Arch.) A series of col- child.] — ;

Colt'ish, a. Like a colt frisky. —Colt's'- ;

umns placed at regular intervals. [F. It. colonnata, ; foot, n. A plant whose leaves were once used me-
fr. colonna. See Colonel.] dicinally.
Colony, kol'o-nl, n. A
company of people in a re- Colter, Coulter, kSl'tgr, n. The sharp fore iron of a
mote country, and subject to the parent state ; the plow, to cut the sod. [AS. and L. culter;
country colonized. [L. colonia, fr. colonus, farmer, Skr. krit, to cut.]
fr. cohere, to cultivate.] —
Colo'nial, a. Pert, to, etc. Colubrine, kol'u-brin, a. Pert, to serpents
— Col'onist, n. A
member of, etc. Col'«nize, v. t. — cunning; sly. [L. coluber, serpent, adder.]
[-nized (-nlzd), -nizing.] To plant a colony in ; to Columbary, kol'um-ba-ri, n. A dove-cot
—
)
<

people by colonies. v. i. To settle in a distant pigeon-house. [L. columbarium, fr. colum-

country. —
Col'onizer, n. —
Col'oniza'tion, n. Act ba, dove.] —
Col'umbine, -bin, n. A genus
of, er state of being, etc. —
Col'oniza'tionist, n. An of plants whose flowers have beak-like
advocate of, etc. ; esp. of colonizing Africa by spurs.
negro emigrants from America. Columbiad, ko-lum'bT-ad, n. (Mil.) A species Colteu.
Colophon, kol'o-fon, n. An inscription on the last of heavy cannon. [Fr. Columbia United States.] =
page of a book, used before title-pages were intro- Column, kol'um, n. (Arch.) A cylindrical support
duced, containing the place or year of publication, for a roof, ceiling, etc., composed of base, shaft, and
printer's name, etc. [LateL. and Gr., summit, capital a pillar. (Mil.)
; A
body of troops in files
finishing stroke.] with a narrow front. (Naut.) A
body of ships in
Colophony, kol'o-fo'nT or ko-lof'o-nt, n. Dark-col- line, so as to follow in succession. (Print.) Figures,
ored resin distilled from turpentine. [Fr. Colophon, words, or lines set perpendicularly one above an-
in Asia Minor.] other. [L. columna, fr. columen, top, culmen, highest
Coloquintida. Same as Colocynth. point.] — Colum'nar, a. Formed in or like, etc. —
Color, kul'er, n. A
property of light causing the eye Columella, -la, n. (Bot.) An axis, supporting the
to distinguish differences in the appearance of ob- carpels of some fruits the stem in mosses, which is
;

jects ; a hue or tint as distinguished from white; the axis of the capsule. [L., dim. of columen.]
that used to give color; paint; pigments; false show; Colure, ko-lur', n.; pi. Colures, -lurz'. (Astron. and
pretense. (Phren.) The organ indicating percep- Geog.) One of two great circles intersecting at
tion of color. See Phrenology, pi. flag, ensign, A right angles in the poles ©f the equator. [L. co-
or standard. v. t. —
[colored (kul'grd), -oring.] lurus, Gr. kolouros, lit. curtailed, fr. Gr. kolos,
To change the hue of ; to give color to, dye, tinge, clipped, and oura, tail, —
part of each being always
paint, stain to give a specious appearance to, palli- below the horizon.]
ate, excuse.
;

v. i. —
To turn red, blush. [L., fr. Colza, kol'za, n. A
variety of cabbage whose seeds
celare, to cover, conceal cf. Skr. varna, color, fr.
; afford an oil used in lamps. [Sp.]
var, to cover, conceal.] Complementary/ color. One Coma, ko'ma, n. (Med.) Morbid propensity to sleep;
of 2 colors so related that when blended they pro- lethargy. [Gr., fr. koiman, to fall asleep.] Co'- —
duce white light. —
Primary colors. Those devel- matose, -tons, -tus, Drowsy; lethargic.
oped from the solar beam by the prism, viz., red, Comate, ko'mat, a. Bushy; hairy. [L. coma, nair.]
orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet, re- — Comb, kom, n. An instrument with teeth, for adjust-
duced by some authors to 3 red, yellow, and blue. — ing hair, wool, etc. ; the crest on a cock's head ; the
See Light. —
Col'orable, a. Designed to cover or top, or crest of a wave the structure of wax in
conceal specious plausible. Col'orableness, n. — which bees store honey.— v. t. [combed (komd),
;

— ; ;

Col'orably, adv.— Colora'tion, n. Act of, or state combing.] To separate, disentangle, cleanse, ad-
of being, etc. —
Col'orature, n. (Mm.) variation A just, or lay straight. —
v. i. (Naut.) To roll over, as
or shading of notes for harmony.— Col'ored, -erd, a. the top of a wave to break with white foam. [AS.
—
;

Saving color or plausible appearance. Colored camb, D. and Sw. kam, G. kamm, a comb, crest,
people. Persons of negro descent. Colorific, a. — Dan. kam, comb, cam on a wheel.] Comb'er, n. —
Communicating or producing color. Col'orist, n. — One who, etc, a long, curling wave.
;

A painter skilled in coloring. Col'orless, a. Des- — Combat, kom'bat or kum'bat, v. i. To struggle or

titute of color. —
Colorim'eter, n. An instrument contend, as with an opposing force. v. t. To fight —
for measuring the depth of color, esp. in liquids. with, oppose by force, resist, oppose. n. A strug- —
[Gr. metron, measure.] —
Col'or-blindness, n. Im-
—
gle to resist or conquer. (Mil.) An engagement;
conflict; encounter. [OF. combatre, to eombat, fr.
perfect perception of colors ; Daltonism. -ser-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; gnd, ere, term ; In, Ice ; 6dd, tone, or
 COMBINE 101 COMMINGLE
c*m (L. cum) and hat t re (L. batuere), to beat, fight.] blies of the people to elect officers and pass laws.
— Com-'batant, a. Contending ; disposed to con- [L., fr. con and ire, itum, to go.l Cemilial, -mish'- —
tend. —
n. One who, etc. a champion. Com - ;
— / al, a. Pert, to comitia or popular assemblies.
bater, n. —
Com'bative, -iv, a. Inclined to, etc. Comity, kom'1-tY,n. Courtesy of intercourse civil-
—
;

Com 'bativeness, n. Disposition to, etc. (Phren.)

/
ity good breeding. [L. comitas, fr. comis, affable.]
;

The organ See Phrenology.

indicating it. Comma, korn'ma, n. A character [,] marking the
Combine, kom-bln', v. t. [-bined (-bindO, -bining.] smallest grammatical division of a sentence. [L.
—
To unite or join. v. i. To form a union, confeder- Gr. komma, a stamp, clause of a sentence, comma,
;

ate; to unite by affinity. [L. con and bums, pi. bird, fr. koptein, to cut off.]
two and two.]— Combin'er, ».— Combin'able, a. Ca- Command, kom-mand', v. t. To order with authority;
pable of, etc. —
Combinalion, n. Union or connec- to exercise supreme authority over to have under ;

tion; coalition conspiracy. (Math.) Variation of influence, control, or vision ; to exact or enforce,
;

any number of quantities in all possible ways. bid, direct, overlook, claim, v. i. To have au- —
Combustible, kom-busli-bl, a. Capable of taking thority, possess chief power, govern.— n. An au-
fire and burning inflammable easily excited
; ; ;
thoritative order exercise of authority
; right or ;

quick; irascible. n. substance that will, etc.A possession of authority ability to overlook, control,
;

fL. con and were, ustum, Skr. ush, to burn.] Com- — or watch ; a body of troops under a particular of-
bus'tibleness, -tibillty, n. Combus'tion, -chun, n. — ficer. [OF. commander, L. commendare, to entrust
A taking fire and burning; conflagration. to one's charge, later, to command, order, f r. eon and
—
Come, kum, v. i. [imp. came p. p. come coming.] ; ; mandare, to commit, entrust ; same as commend.']
To move hitherward, draw near, approach to ar- Commandant, -danf, n. A commanding officer.
[F.] — Command'er, n.
;

rive at some state or condition, occur, happen to ; A leader ; the chief officer
become evident, appear. [AS. cumman (imp. cam, of an army, or a division of it. (Navy.) An officer
p. p. cumen), D. komen, Skr. gam.] To come about. — next above a lieutenant. heavy, wooden mallet. A
To come to pass, arrive to change.— To c. by. To — Command'ery, -er-T, -ry, -ri, n. manor belong- A
obtain, gain, acquire. To c. down with. To pay — ;

ing to an order of knights, and controlled by a com-

over, deposit in payment. To c. home. To come — mander a preceptory a lodge of the Freemasons
—
; ;

close, press closely, touch the feelings, interest, or called knights templars. Commanding, a. Fitted
reason. (Naut.) To be loosened from the ground, — to control; imperious. —
Command'ment, n. An au-
said of anchors. —
To c. in for. To appear and claim thoritative order precept. (Script.) One of the 10
;

a share of.— To c. into. To join or comply with. —To laws given by God to the Israelites at Mount Sinai.
c. off. To depart from, escape; to take place.— To c. Commeasurable. Same as Commensurable.
out. To become public, be published to enter soci- ; Commemorate, kom-mem'o-rat, v. t. To eall to re-
ety; to end.— To c. short. To be wanting, fail.— To c. membrance, or celebrate with honor and solemnity.
to. To consent or yield to amount to to recover, [L. con and memorare, -atum, to call to mind, fr.
as from a swoon. To c. up with. —To overtake. —To
; ;

memor, mindful.] — Commem'orable, a. Worthy to

c. upon. To fall on, attack, invade. come-down. —A be, etc. — Commem /,
orative, -tiv, -tory, -to-ri, a.
A downfall sudden descent in position.
; Comber, — Serving to, etc.— Commem'ora'tion, n. Act of, etc.; a
n. — Come-out'er, n. One who leaves a church, public celebration.
party, etc., declaring it corrupt. Coming-in, n. — Commence, kom-mens', v. t. [-menced (-mensf).
Entrance; arrival. -mencing.] To begin, originate; to take the first
Comedy, kom'e-dT, n. dramatic composition of A university degree. v. t. —
To enter upon, begin,
an amusing character. [OF. comedie, L. comoedia, begin to be or to appear. [F. commencer. It. comin-
Gr. komodia, fr. komos, a banquet, and ode, ode, ciare, fr. L. con and initiare, to begin, fr. initium, a
lyric song.]— Come'dian, n. An actor in. or writer beginning.] —
Commence'' ment, n. First existence
of, etc. — Come / dienne /\ -ma'dl-en', n. An actress of anything; rise; origin; beginning; the day when
—
in, etc. [F.] Come'dietta, -ta, n. A little comedy, university degrees are conferred.
fit.] —Comic, -ical, a. Pert. to. etc.; exciting mirth;
— Commend, kom-mend', v. t. To commit or intrust
laughable. — Comi'cally, adv. Comlcalness, n. — for care or preservation; to present as worthy of re*
Comicality, -T-tT, n. That which is, etc. gard; to praise; to recommend to the kind reception
Comely, kumlY, a. Handsome graceful well-pro- ; of. [See Command.] Commend'er, n. —Com —
portioned. —
adv. In a becoming or graceful man-
;

mend'able, a. Capable or worthy of, etc.— Com-

ner. [AS. cymlic, fr. cyme, becoming, suitable (fr. mend'ableness, n. —
Commend'ably, adv. Com- —
cuman, to come), and lie, like.] Come'liness, n. — mendalion, n. Act of, etc. praise; applause; a ;

Comestible*, ko-mes'tt-blz, n. pi. Eatables. [F., fr. message of respect; compliments. — Commend'' atory,
L. con and edere, esum or estum, to eat.] -to-rT, a. Serving to commend; holding a benefice
Comet, kom'et, n. A
member of the solar system, in commendam. — Commen'dam, n. (Ecel. Law.)
moving in an eccentric m,
. A vacant benefice committed to the holder until 8
orbit, and consisting of a fi-^F pastor is supplied. The holding of such a benefice
nucleus, an envelope, and t" [For L. in commendam.'] Commend'atary, —
-ta-rl, n
a tail. [OF. comete, L.
cometa. comet, fr. Gr. H^ .
& .
-
One who holds, etc.
Commensurate, kom-men'shoo-rat, a. Having a com-
kometes, long-haired, fr. mon measure; commensurable; equal in measure or
come (L. coma), hair.] — extent; proportional. —
v. t. To reduce to a common
Core'etary. -a-rT, Comet'- measure. [L. con and mensurare, -atum, to meas-
ic, a. Pert, to, or resem ure.] — Commen'surately, adv. — Commen'sura''-
bling, etc. —
Cometog''- tion, n. State of being commensurate. Commen'- —
raphy, -fT, w. A descnp- Bfc- surable, a. Having a common measure. Commen /'- —
tion of,
phein, to write.]
etc. [Gr. or a-
— Com'-
*— — frrTs=J surableness, -rabillty, n. Capacity of having, etc.
— Commen'surably, adv.
p .
corner..
Comment, kom'ment, To explain by remarks,
et-flnd'er, -Beek'er, n. v. i.
A telescope, with large field of view. criticisms, etc.; to write annotations, —n. An ex-
Comfit, kumUt, Com'fiture, -ur, n. dry sweetmeat; A planatory remark, observation, etc. annotation ; ;

a confection. [L. con undfacere, to make.] stricture. [F. commenter, fr. L. commentari, to con-
Comfort, kum'furt, v. t. To relieve or cheer under sider, explain; s. rt. L. mens, mind, Skr. man, to
affliction or depression ; to solace, invigorate, re- think.] —
Comlnentary, -ta-rT. n. A series, collec-
fresh, animate. — n. Strength and relief under af- tion, or book of comments, etc.; a memoir of partic-
fliction ; support : a state of quiet enjoyment, or ular transactions. —
Com'mentator, -menter, n.
whatever causes it; a wadded quilt; a neck wrap- Commerce, kom'mers, n. Exchange of merchandise
ping. [OF. conforter, vO comfort, LL. confortare, between different places or communities; extended
fr. L. con and fbrtis, strong.] Comlorter, n. One — trade or traffic; social or personal intercourse; famil-
who, etc (Script.) The Holy Spirit. A woolen iarity. [F., fr. L. eommereium, fr. con and merx,
tippet wadded quilt.
; Comlortable, a. Afford- — mercis, goods, wares.] —
Commercial, -mer'shal, a.
ing or enjoying, etc. free from pain or distress.— n. Pert, to, or engaged in commerce; mercantile.
A coverlet. — Com'fbrtably, adv.
:

Comlortable- — Commer'ciaUy, adv.

ness, n. — Comlortless, a. Miserable forlorn. ; Commutation, kom-mt-na'shun, n. A threat: denun-
Comfrey, kumlri, n. A genus of plants used in med- ciation of punishment or vengeance. [F.: Jj.com-
icine. [I>. conferva, fr. confervere, to boil together, minatio, fr. con and minari, to threaten.] Commin- —
to heal, —
fr. its healing power.] atory, -mi-n^a-to-rT, a. Threatening punishment
Comic, Comicality, etc. See under Comedy. Commingle, kom-min / gl, v. t. [-mingled (-gld), -min-
ko-mish'Y-a, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) Assem- gling!] To mingle tog-ether in one mass, or inti-

siin, cube, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 -; ; —

COMMINUTE 102 COMPACT

raately; to blend. — To mix together,
v. i. become which will divide each of two or more numbers ex-
blended. HL. con and E. mingle.'] actly.— C. noun. (Gram.) The name of one of a
Comminute, kom'mt-nut, v. t. To reduce to minute class of objects, as disting. fr. a proper noun, the
particles, pulverize, grind.
minutum, to diminish.]
[L. con and minuere,
— name of a particular person or thing. C. Pleas. A —
Comminu'tion, n. Act 01 court for trying civil actions. In the U. S., it some-
reducing to small particles; pulverization; attenua- times has criminal jurisdiction.— C. Prayer. The
tion by removing small particles. liturgy of the Prot. Epis. church. C. sense. Sound, —
Commiserate, kcm-miz'er-at, v. t. To feel sorrow, practical judgment; the instantaneous decision of
pain, or regret tor: to be sorry for; to pity, feel for,
condole. [F., fr. L. con and miseran, to pity, fr.
unperverted reason. —
C. time. (Mus.) That variety
of time in which the measure consists of 2 or 4 equal
wiser, wretched.] —
Commis'era'tion, n. Act of, etc. portions. —
C. verb. One which is both active and
— Commis/erative, -tiv, «. Feeling or expressing, passive.— In common.. Equally with another, or
etc. — Commir'erable, a. Deserving, etc. Corn- — with others. —
Com'mons, -munz, n. pi. The mass
mis' erator, n. of the people; the commonalty; the lower house of
Commissary, korn'mis-sa-rY, n. A deputy; commis- the Eng. parliament; provisions, food, fare; a club
sioner. (Ml.) An officer in charge of a' special de- where all eat at a common table. Com'monable, a. —
partment, esp. that of subsistence. [LL. commissa- Held in common; allowed to pasture on common
rius, fr. committere, to commit, fr. con and mittere, to
— land. —Com'monage, -ej, n. Eight of pasturing on
send.] Commissariat, -sa'rY-al, a. Pert, to, etc. — a common; joint light ol using anything in common
-riat, n. (Mil.) That department charged with sup- with others. —
Com'monalty, -al-tY, n. The common
plying provisions for the soldiers; the body of offi- people body of citizens.
; Com'moner, n. One —
cers in that department; office of a commissary.— under the degree of nobility; a member of the House
Com'missary-gen /'eral, n. The head of the commis- of Commons; one having a joint right in common
sary department. —
Com'missaryship, n. Office or ground; a student of the second rank in the univer-
employment of a commissary. sity of Oxford, England.— Com'monly, adv. Usu-
Commit, kom-mif, v. t. To give in trust; to do, per- ally; ordinarily; for the most part. — Com'mcnness
form, effect; to place beyond one's control; to pledge n.— Com'monish, a. Common-place; vulgar.— Com'-
or bind, —
used reflcxively. [L. committere. See
— mon-place, a. Common trite hackneyed. n.
; ;
—
Commissary.] Committment, n. Act of commit- (lihet.) A general idea applicable to different sub-
ting, esp. of committing to prison. —Committal n. jects; a trite remark. v. t. —
To enter in a com-
Act of committing a pledge. Committer, n'.—
; — mon-place book, or to reduce to general heads. —
Commit'tible, a. Capable of being, etc. Commis- — Com'mon-place'-book, n. book for recording A
sion, -rnish-'un. n. Act of committing, doing, or per- things to be remembered. Commonweal, -weK, —
forming; a formal warrant of committing some trust -wealth, -w?lth, n. Prop., a free state; a popular
to a person; a company of persons joined in the ex- government republic whole body of citizens.
; ;

ercise of some duty. (Com.) The acting under au- Commotion, kom-mo'shun, n. Violent motion; agita-
thority of, or on account of, another; thing to be tion; a popular tumult; perturbation or disorder of
done as agent for another; brokerage or allowance mind; excitement. [F. L. commotio, fr. con and;

made to as agent.— v. t. [-missioned (-mish/und),
-missioning.] To give a commission to, appoint,
depute, delegate. [F., fr. L. commissio, a mandate,
charge.] —
Commis'skmer, n. One commissioned to
execute some business for an employer; an officer in
charge of some department of the public service.—
Commi8 sionaire , -nar', n. A factor; commission-
/
, mune, kom'mun, n. A small territorial district in
merchant; one stationed in a public resort to receive
commissions or act as guide, messenger, etc. [F.]
Commis'sion mer'chant. One who transacts busi-
ness on commission., as the agent of others, receiv-
ing a rate per cent, as his reward. Commit' tee, -te,
j?. A
select number of persons appointed to attend
to any business, by a legislative body, court, or any
collective body of men acting together. Commit
teeship, n. Office of a committee.
Commix, kom-miks'', v. t. or i. [-mixed (-mikst'), -mix-
ing.] To mix or mingle; blend. [L. con and E.
mix.) —
Commix'tion, -chun, n. Mixture. Com-
mix'ture, -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
mass formed by mingling compound. ; course.
Commode, bom-mod' n. A woman's head-dress; a
chest of drawers; a bedroom convenience, a close-
stool. L. commodus, convenient, lit. in good
[F.;
measure, con and modus, measure.]
fr. Commo'di-
motio, motion, fr. movere, motum, to move.]
Commune, kom-mun', v. i. [-muned (-mundQ, -mo-
ning.] To converse together familiarly, confer; to
receive the communion, partake of the Lord's sup-
per. [OF. communier, L. communicare, -catum, to
communicate, fr. communis. See Common.] Com- —
France; municipal self-government. (F. Hist.) A
— socialistic political party in France, — esp. in Paris.
[F.] — Commu'nal, a. Pert, to a commune. Com'- —
munism, -nizm, n. Doctrine of community of prop-
— erty among all citizens of a state or society; social-
ism. —
Com'munist, n. An advocate of, etc. Com- —
mu'nity, -nY-tl, n. Common possession or enjoy-
— ment; a society of persons having common rights,
interests, etc.Tsociety at large; the public, or people
in general.— Commu'nicate, -nl-kat, v.t. To im-
part for common possession, bestow, confer; tore-
— veal, or give, as information. v. i. To share or —
participate; to have intercourse or means of inter-
—
Commu'nicable, a. That may be, etc.—
—
Commu'nicableness, -cabil'ity, «. Commu'nica'- —
tion, n. Act of communicating; intercourse; means
of passing from place to place; that which is com-
— municated commerce; correspondence; news.
;

ous, -dT-us, a. Affording ease and convenience; fit; Commu'nicative, -tiv, a. Inclined to communicate.
comfortable. —
Commo'diously, adv. Commo'di- — — Gommu'nicativeness, n. Commu'nicator, -ter, —
ousness, n. —
Commodity, -T-tT, n. That which af- n.— Commu'nicatory, -to-rY, a. Imparting knowl-
fords convenience or advantage, esp. in commerce; edge. — Communion, -mun'yun, n. Intercourse be-
goods, wares, etc. tween persons; union in religious faith; fellowship;
Commodore, kom rmo-dor, n. The commander of a a body of Christians having one common faith and
squadron ; leading ship in a fleet of merchantmen. discipline; the celebration of the Lord's supper.
[Sp. comendador, knight-commander, f r. comendar, Commu'nicant. n. A partaker of the Lord's supper.
to charge, fr. L. commendare. See Command.] Commute, kom-mut', v. t. To put one for the other,
Common, kom'un, a. Belonging equally to more than exchange; to substitute, as a greater penalty for a
one, or to many indefinitely; serving for the use of less; to pay than would be
less for in gross paid for
all; general; public; often met with; not distin- — v. To bargain
separate trips. for exemption; to
i.
guished by rank or character; commonplace; mean; arrange to pay in gross. [L. con and rnutare, muta-
vulgar. —
n. An nninolosed tract of public ground. tum, to change.] — Commu'table, a. Capable of
(Law.) The right of taking a profit in the land of being exchanged. — Commu'tabiFity, n. — -Y-tl,
another. v. i. —
To have a joint right with others in Commuta'tion. v. Change: barter. (Law.) Sub-
common ground; to board together; eat at a table m stitution of one penalty for another. Purchase of a
common. [OF. commvn, L. communis, common, gen- right to go upon a certain route during a specified
eral, fr. eon and munis, obliging, binding by obliga- period, for less than the aggregate charge for separate
tion.] —
Common cancer. One who undertakes, for trips; an outright sum given as equivalent for a pro
hire, to transport goods. C. chord. (Mus.) —
chord A rata payment. —
Commu'tative, -tiv, a. Relative to
consisting of the fundamental tone, with its third exchange: interchangeable. Com'mutator, -ter, n. —
and fifth. —
Ccotmcil. A representative council for
—
(Elec.) An apparatus for directing the course of
the government of a city. C. gender. ( Gram.) One the current of a voltaic battery-
which is either masculine or feminine. C. law. — Compact, kom-pakf, a. Closely and firmly united;
The unwritten law; law derived from immemorial solid; dense; brief; succinct, v. t. To drive or —
usage and universal reception, disting. fr. written press closely together, consolidate; to unite or con-
or statute law.— C. measure. (Arith.) A number nect firmly, as in a system. [L. compingere, -pactum.

&n> fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 COMPACT 103 COMPLETE
to join together, fr. con n-n&pnngere, to set, fix: s. rt. being, etc.— Compel'ler, n. — Compulsion, -pul'-
fang.] — com-
Compact' ly, -edly, -ed-lY, adv. In a shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; constraint;
pact manner. —
Compact'ness, n. restraint. — Compul'sative, -tiv, -eatory, -to-rY,
Compact, kom^pakt, n. An agreement between par- -sory, -so-rY, a. Compelling. —
Compar" aive. -siv. a.
ties; covenant; contract. [L. cqmpacisci, -pactum, Having power to, etc. —
Compul'sively, -sorily. -rY-
to agree with, fr. con and pacisci, to covenant.] li. adr. Forcibly. —
CompursiveneM, n.
Company, kum'pa-nY, n. State of being a companion; Compellation. kom-pel-la'snun, n. Manner of ad-
act of accompanying; an assemblage or association dress; appellation. [L. compellare, to accost.] —
of persons; guest's, dieting, fr. the members of a fam- Compellative, -la-tiv, n. (Gram.) The name by
ily: a corporation; a firm: partners whose names are which one is addressed.
not mentioned in the title of the firm. (Mil.) A Compend, kom'pend. Compendium, -t-um, n. A
subdivision of a regiment. (Xaut.) The crew of a brief compilation; abridgment; epitome; summary.
ship. — v. i. To associate. [OF. com panie, compag- [L. compendium, fr. con and jj&ndere, to weigh =
nie, f r. LL. companies, a company, a taking of meals economize.] — Compendious, -Y-us, a. Summed up
together, fr. companis, food taken with bread.fr. L. within narrow limits. — Compendiously, adv. In
con and pants, bread.]— To keep company. To ac-
i

brief.— Compend'iousness, n.
company, attend; to associate frequently or habitu- Compensate, kom'pen-sat or kom-pen'sat, v. t. To
ally, esp. as a lover. —Companion, kom-pan'yun, n.
|

I
make equal return to, give an equivalent to, re-
One associated with another; comrade; ally; accom- munerate, requite: to be equivalent to in value or
plice. [OF.]— Companion hatch. (Xaut.) porch A
;

effect, counterbalance. v. i. —
To make amends,
over the entrance of the'cabin.— C. ladder. One by supply an equivalent. [L. rompensare, -satum, to
I

—
I

which officers ascend to the quarter-deck. C. way. weigh one thing against another, fr. con and ;>evsart,
A staircase leading to the cabin. —
Companionable, freq. of pendere, to weigh.] —
Compensa'tion, n.
a. Agreeable as a companion: sociable. Compan'-— j

Act or principle of, etc.: an equivalent. (Lav;.)

—
ionableness, n. —Compan'ionably, adv.— Compan'- Payment of a debt by a credit of equal amount.
ionship. n. Fellowship; association. Compensative, -tiv, -satory, -to-rY, a. Affording
r compensation ._
Compare, kom-par', v. t. [-pared (-pard ), -paring.] !

To examine the mutual relations of; to represent Compete, kom-pet', r. i. To contend, as rivals for a
as similar, for purposes of illustration; to liken. ]
prize; to strive emulously. [L. con and petere, peti-
(Gram.) To inflect according to degrees of com- turn, to fly towards, seek, Gr. petomai, Skr. pat, to
parison. — v.i. To hold comparison; to be like or
I

fly.]— Competition, -tish'un, n . Common strife for

equal; to admit of comparison. [F. comparer, L. the same object; emulation: opposition; jealousy.
comparare,-atum, to adjust, set together.fr. con and — Competitive, -Y-tiv, a. Producing or pert, t'o,
parare, to prepare.] —
Compar'er, n. —
Comparable, etc. — Competitor, -Y-ter, n. One who claims what
kom'pa-ra-bl. a. Capable or worthy of comparison. another claims: a rival. [L.]
— Cem'parably, adv. —Comparative, -p&r'a-tiv, a. Competent, kom'pe-tent, a. Answering to all require-
Estimated by. or proceeding from, comparison ; ments; having adequate power or right; fitted; qual-
naving power of comparing. ( Gram.) Expressing ified. [F., p. pr. of competer, to be sufficient for, fr.
a greater or less degree of a quantity, or quality, L. compeiere, to solicit. See Compete.] Com'pe- —
than the positive. —Compar'atively, adv. In a tently, adv. —
Com'petence, -tency, -ten-si, n. State
comparative manner; by comparison; relatively. of being competent; sufficiency, esp. of means of
Comparison. -T-sun or -Y-sn, ?i. Act of comparing; subsistence. (Law.) Legal capacity or qualifica-
comparative estimate. See Phrenology. ( .1.) tions; right or authority.
Inflection of an adjective or adverb in its several Compile, kom-pil', v. t. [-piled (-pild'), -piling.] To
degrees. (Rhet.) A simile or similitude. put together or compose out of materials from other
Compartment, kom-part'ment, n. One of the parts books or documents. [L. con and pdare, -atum. tc
into which a thi ng is divided. [F. compartiment, fr. plunder, rob; not fr. pilare, to deprive of hair.] —
L. con and partire, to divide, fr. pars, part.] Compil'er, n. —Compila'tion, n. Act of compiling;
Compass, kum'pas, n. A circuit; chcumference; an thing compiled; esp. a book.
inclosing limit; boundary; an inclosed space; area; Complacent, korn-pla'sent, a. Accompanied with
extent; capacity, (iff us.) pleasure; gratified; displaying satisfaction. [L. com-
Range of notes comprehended placens, p. pr. of complacere, to please, fr. con and
by any voice or instrument. "% SssSUfat placere.) —Compla'centry, adv. Compla'eence.—
A magnetic instrument, to de- „ -cency, -sen-sY, n. A
feeling ot quiet pleasure; the
termine the cardinal points.— ^ cause of pleasure: kindness of manners; civility.—
V. t. [COMPASSED (-past), -PAS- 3 Com'plaisant', -pla-zant', a. Desirous to please;
sing.} To go about or around; sA% kindly attentive; courteous: well-bred. [F.j— Com'-
to inclose on all sides; to be- plaisantTy, adv. —
Com'plaisance', n. Kind com-
siege or invest; to get within pliance with others' wishes; urbanity; suavity. [F.]
reach, or within one's power; Complain, kom-plan', v. i. [-plained (-plana'').
to purpose, imagine, plot, -plaining.] To express distress or censiire to :

gain, consummate. [F. com- bring an accusation, make a charge, murmur, la-
pos, LL. compassus, a circle, Mariner's Compass, ment, repine. [OF. complaindre, LL. compiangere,
circuit, round, fr. L. con and fr. L. con and plangere, to bewail. See Plaint.] —
passvs, a pace, step, later a wav, route, hence, a — Complain'er, n. —
Complain'ant, n. One who, etc.
—
way that joins itself, circuit.] Mariner's compass. (Law.) A plaintiff. [1- .] —
Complaint', n. Expres-
One which has its needle permanently attached to sion of grief, censure, etc.; cause of complaining;
a card, so that both move together, the card being A malady: disease. (Law.) Allegation that some
divided into 32 parts, or points.— To fetch a compass. person has been guilty of a designated offense. [F.]
—
To go round in a circuit. Com'passable, a. Capa- Complanate. kom'pla-hat, v. t. To make level or even.
ble of being, etc. —
Com'passes, -ez, n. pi. An in- [L. con and pi an are, to level, fr. planus, plain.]
strument to describe circles, measure figures, etc. Complete, kom-plet'. a. Free from deficiency: per-
Compassion, kom-pash'un, n. A suffering with an- fect; finished: ended; entire; total. v. t. —
To bring
other; sorrow excited by another's distress; pity; to a perfect state: to fulfill, bring to pass, achieve.
sympathy. [OF.; L. compassio, fr. con and pati, [L. complere. -pletum, to fulfill, fr. con and plere, to
possum, to suffer,] —
Compas'sionate. a. Full of fill: s. rt. full, comply.) —
Completely, adr"— Com-
compassion; tender; merciful. v. t. —
To have com- plete'ness, n. —
Comple'tion, n. Act of, or state of
passion for; commiserate. —
Compas'sionately. adv. being, etc.: fulfillment: realization. Comple'tive, —
— Compas'sienateness, n.— Compatible. -pat'Y-bl, -tiv, a. Making complete. —
Com'plement, -ple-
a. Capable of existing^ in harmony: consistent; ment, n. That which completes or supplies a defi-
agreeable; congruous. [F.]— Compatibleness, -ibil'- ciency quantity required to make complete.
ity, n. —
Compatibly, adv.
;

(Astron.) Distance of a star from the zenith, as

Compatriot, kom-pa'trY-ut, n. A fellow-countryman. compared with its altitude. (Trigon.) Difference
[OF. compatriote, fr. L. con and LL. patrioia, Gr. between an arc or angle and 90 9 (Arith.) Differ- .

patriotes, a fellow-countryman, fr. pater, father.] ence between a number and 10, 100, 1000, etc. (Mus.)
Compeer, kom-per'', 7i. An" equal; companion; peer. Interval wanting to complete the octave. Com- —
[L. compar, f r. con and par, equal.] plemenfal, a. Supplying, or tending to supply,
Uompel. kom-pel', v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pelling.] a deficiency fully completing. C»mplement'- —
To drive irresistibly; to necessitate; to take by force
;

ary, a. Serving to complete. —

Comple'tory. -to-rY,
or violence, constrain, coerce. [L. con and pellere, a. —
Making complete. n. Evening; the compline.
pulsum. to drive.] —
Compellable, a. Capable of — Com'pline, -plin. -plin, n. (EccT.) The closing

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ften, boNboN, chair, ge:
 — —

COMPLEX 104 con

prayer of the Roman Catholic breviary, recited after — Compos'ure, -zhur, n. Act of composing thing ;

sunset. [OF. complie, LL. completa.] composed a settled state calmness tranquility.
; ; ;

Complex, kom'pleks, a. Composed of two or more Compound, kom-pownd', v. t. To put together, as ele-
parts; complicated; intricate. n. Assemblage; col- — ments, or parts to form a whole to combine or
unite to settle amicably, adjust by agreement. —
;

lection. [L., interwoven, intricate, fr. con and plec-, ;

rt. of plicare, plicatum, to plait together; s. rt. plait, v. i. To come to terms of agreement, settle by com-
fold.] — Com'plexness, Complex Sdness, -ed-nes, promise. [L. componere. See Compose.] To com- —
-ity, -I-tY, n. Intricacy. Gom'plexly, adv. — Com- — pound a felony. To accept of a consideration for
?>iex1ire, -ur, n. Involution or complication of one forbearing to prosecute. Com^pound, a. Com- —
hing with others. — Complexion, -plekShun, n. posed of elements, ingredients, or parts. — n. That
State of being complex; connection of parts; frame which is compounded mixture of elements, in- ;

or texture; hue of the skin, esp. of the face; general gredients, or parts. —Compound motion. That which
appearance. —
Complexlonal, -ionary, a. Pert, to is the result of forces acting in different but not
the complexion, or to the care of it. Com-'plicate, — opposite directions. —
C. number. One constructed
-pll-kat, v. t. To fold or twist together, interweave; according to a varying scale of denomination, as —
to render complex, involve. a. Composed of parts — 3 cwt. 1. qr., 5 lbs. —
Compound'er, n.
united; complicated. Com'plicately, —
adv. Com'- — Comprador, kom-pia-dor /', n. native employed by A
plicateness, -cacy, -ka-sT, n, State of being, etc. — foreign merchants in China to conduct business
Complication, n. Intricate or confused blending with other natives a steward. [Pg. and Sp., fr.
of parts entanglement. —
Com'plicative, -tiv, a. comprar, L. comparare, to buy.]
;

—
;

Tending to involve. Complicity, -plis'l-tT, n. Con- Comprehend, kom-pre-hend', v. t. To include by con-

dition of being an accomplice. [F. complicity, con- struction or implication to take into the mind, ap- ;

spiracy, fr. complice, confederate, fr. L. complex.'] prehend the meaning of, conceive, understand. [L.
Compline. See under Complete, con and prehendere, -hensum, to seize, fr. prse, before-
Complot, kom'plot, n. A confederacy in some evil hand, and obs. hendere, to seize s. rt. Gr. chanda*
design; conspiracy; cabal. [F., a conspiracy.] — nein, E. get.] —
Comprehensible, -st-bl, a. Capable
;

Complot', v. t. and i. To plot together, conspire, of being comprehended, included, or understood.

join in a secret design. ComprehenSibleness, -sibillty, n. Comprehen'- —
CompVutensian, kom-ploo-tenShan, a. Pert, to the aion, -shun, n. Act of, etc. ; thing comprehended
polyglot Bible published at Complutum, or Alcala, or inclosed within narrow limits summary ; epit- ;

in Spain, 1522. ome capacity of the mind to understand ; percep-

—
;

Comply, korn-pli', v. i. [-plied (-plid'), -plying.] To tion. Comprehensive, -siv, a. Including much
yield assent, accord, agree, acquiesce. [It. complire, within narrow limits; extensive; full. Compre- —
to fill up, fulfill, suit, also, to use compliments, f r. hensively, adv. —
Comprehensiveness, n.
L. complere. See Complete.] Compiler, n. — — Compress, koin-pres', v. t. ^-pressed (-presf), -press-
Compilable, a. Inclined to, etc. Compliance, — ing.] To press together, bring within narrower
-ans, n. Act of or disposition to, etc.; concession; limits, crowd, condense. [L. con and pressare, freq.
obedience. — ,

Compli'ant, a. Pliant; yielding to re- of premere, pressum, to press.] Com'press, n. —

quest.— Compli'antly, adv.— Com'pliment, n. Com- (Surg.) A folded piece of linen, to make pressure
pliance with the wishes of another; manifestation on any part. — Compressible,
a. Capable of
[F.]
of approbation, regard, etc.; delicate flattery. v. t. — being, etc. —
Compresslbleness, -ibillty, n. Com- —
To natter; express respect for. v. i. To use com- — pression, -presh'un, n. Act of, or state of being,
pliments. [F., f r. It. complimento.'] Compliment'' al, — Compressive,Having power to, etc,
-iv, a.
-ary, -a-rY, a. Expressive of, etc. — Compress'or, -er, n. Anything which, etc.— Corn-
Component. See under Compose. pressure, -presh'ur, n. Act or force of one body
Comport, kom-porf, v. i. To agree, accord, suit. — pressing against another pressure.
V. t. To behave, conduct, with a reflexive pro- — Comprise, kom-prlz', v. t. [-prised (-prlzd'). -pris-
;

noun. [F. comporter, LL. comportare, to behave, ing.] To comprehend, include, embrace, imply.
fr. L. con and portare, to carry.] Comporfable, a. — [F. compris, p. p. of comprendre, L. comprehenaere.
Suitable ; consistent. See Comprehend.] —
ComprisSi, n. Act of, etc
Compose, kom-poz' v. t. [-posed (-p5zdO, -posing.] Compromise, kom'pro-mlz, n. A mutual promise to
To form by uniting, put together to constitute ; ; refer a dispute to the decision of arbitrators; adjust-
to originate, become the author of; to place in form, ment by mutual concessions.— v. t. [-mised (-mlzd),
reduce to order to free from disturbance, set at
; -mising.] To adjust by mutual concessions, com-
rest. (Print.)To place in proper order for print- pound to commit, put to hazard, compromit. [F.
;

ing t as type. [F. composer, fr. L. con and ponere, compromis, p. p. of convjwomettre, to compromit, fr.
position, to place.] —
Composed, -Dozd'. p. a. Free L. con andpromittere. -missum, to promise.] Com,- —
from agitation calm tranquil. — Compos Sdly, promis'er, n. —
Com'promit, v. t. To pledge, prom-
-ed-lT, adv.
:

— ComposSdness, ;

n. — Compo3fer, n. ise to put to hazard, by some act which cannot be

;

One who composes esp. of a piece of

an author, recalled, bring into danger, compromise.
music. — Composition, ;

-zish'un, n. Act of compo- Comptroller. See under Control.

sing, esp. a literary (Fine Arts.) That com-
work. Compulsion, Compulsory, etc. See under Compel.
bination of parts in which each has its due propor- Compunction, kom-punkShun, n. Poignant grief or
tion. Arrangement of type for use in printing. remorse; the sting of conscience. [OF., fr. L. «wi-
State of being composed thing formed by com- pungi, -punctus, to feel remorse, fr. con and pungere,
posing. (Law.) Adjustment of a debt, by compen-
;

to prick, sting.] —
Compunc'tious, -shus, a. At-
sation mutually agreed on. Composition of forces. — tended with, etc.
(Mech.) The finding of a single force equal to two Compurgation, kom-pgr-gaShun, n. (Law.) The
or more given forces acting in given directions.
— justifying a man's veracity by the oath of others.
Composing-stick, n. [L. con and purgare (=purum agere), to make pure.]
(Print.) An instrument — Compurgalor, n. One who testifies to the inno-
of adjustable width. cence of another.
in which type is ar- Compute, kom-pGt /\ v. t. To determine by calcula-
ranged into words and tion, cast up, count, enumerate. [L. con and putare,
lines. — Composite,
Composing-stick. putatum, = make clear, settle.]
orig, to make clean
-pOzlt, a. Made
of distinct parts or elements ; — ComputSr, ».— ComputSble, a — Computa'tien,
compounded. (Arch.) Belonging to an order of n. Act or process of, etc.; reckoning; account.
architecture made up of the Ionic grafted upon the Comrade, komlad, n. A mate, companion, or associ-
Corinthian. See Capital. Composite number. — ate. [Sp. camarada, a company, also a partner,
(Math.) One which can be measured exactly by a fr. Sp. and L. camara, chamber. See Chamber.]
number exceeding unity. Compositive, -pBzl- — Comtism, koNtlzm, n. Positivism the doctrine of ;

tiv, a. Compounded, or having power of compound- the F. philosopher, August Cornte, that all knowl-
ing. —
Compositor, -ter, n. One who sets in order. edge is experience of facts acquired through the
(Print.) One who sets type. Compo'nent, a. — senses, and that we know nothing of causes or
Composing ; serving or helping to form constitu- ; laws, but only phenomena. — Comtlst, a. Pert, to,
ting. —
n. A
constituent part; an ingredient.— etc. n. A Positivist.
Composltae, -te, n. pi. (Bot.) family of dicoty- A Con, kon. An abbr. of L. contra, against in the :

ledonous plants, having their flowers arranged in phrase pro and con, for and against, it denotes the
dense heads, —
including the daisy, dandelion, and negative or contrary side of a question; as a sub-
aster. —
Cora'post, -post, n. (Agric.) mixture for A stantive, it denotes one who is in the negative.
fertilizing land. v. t. —
To manure with compost. Con, kon, v. t. [conned (kond), conning.] Orig., to

am, fame, far, pass or oeera, fare « end. eve, term ; In, Ice , Sdd, tone, 6r
 CONATION 105 CONCORD
know; to study, try to fix in the mind, peruse. [AS. Concern, kon-sgrn', v. t. [-cbrneb (-serndO, -cern-
cunnian, to examine into, fr. cunnan, to Know.] ing.] To relate or belong to, be of importance to
Conation, ko-na'shun, n. (Phil.) The faculty of vol- to take an interest in to disturb, make uneasy.
;
—
;

untary agency. [L. conari, -atus, to attempt.] Co'- — n. That which relates to one, or affects the weW
native, -tiv, a. Pert, to an attempt; endeavoring. fare; interest in, or care for, any thing. (Com.)
Concamerate, kon-kam'gr-at, v. t. To arch over, vault. Persons connected in business a firm and its busi-
;

[L. con and camerare, -atuin, to arch, fr. camera, ness. [F. concerner, fr. L. concemere, to mix, ming)e,
vault. See Chamber.] — Concamera'tion, n. An later, to belong to, regard, fr. con and cernere, to sift,
arch or vault. decree, observe.] —
Concernedly, -ed-lT, adv. In a
Concatenate, kon-kafe-nat, v. t. To link together, concerned manner. —
Concerning, prep. Pert, to
unite in a series. [L. con and catenare, -atum, to regarding with respect to. —
Concernment, n.
;

chain, fr. catena, a chain.] Concatenation, n. A — Thing

;

in which one is concerned; affair; particular;

series of links united, or of things depending on interposition; meddling; solicitude; anxiety.
each other. Concert, kon-serf, v. t. To plan together; to plan;
Concave, kon'kav, a. Hollow and curved or rounded, devise. —
v. i. To act in harmony, form combined
— said of the interior of anything hemispherical. plans, take counsel. [F. concerter, It. concertare, to
See Lens. n. —
A hollow arched vault. v. t. — concert, contrive, fr. L. con and serere, sertum; to
—
;

[concaved (-kavd), -caving.] To make hollow. join together.] Concert, n. Agreement in a de-
[L. con and cavus, hollow.] Concava'tion, n. Act — sign or plan; harmony; musical accordance or har-
of making, etc. —
Con'caveness, n. Hollowness. — mony ;a musical entertainment. —
Concer'to, n. A
Concavity, -kav'T-tl, n. The internal surface of a musical composition written for a principal instru-
hollow rounded body space within such body.
; ;
— ment, with accompaniments for a full orchestra.
Conca'vo-con'cave, a. Concave on both surfaces; [It.] —Concertina, -te'na, n. A
musical instrument
double-concave. See Lens. Conca'vo-con'vex, a. — of the accordion species. —
Concert-pitch, n. The
Concave on one side and convex on the other. — pitch generally adopted for a given tone, by which
Conca'vous.jvus, a. Concave. other tones are governed.
Conceal, kon-seK, v. t. [-cealed (-seld'), -cealing.] Concession, Concessive, etc. See under Concede.
To hide or withdraw from observation to withhold ; Conch, kcnk, n. A
marine shell. (Arch.) The domed
from utterance, disguise, dissemble, secrete. [L. semicircular or polygonal ter-
cen and celare, to hide s. rt. hall, hell, hole, hull, mination of the choir of a
etc.] —
Conceal'able, a.— ConcealCr, n. Conceal-
;

— church; apsis. See Apsis. [L.

ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. place of hid- ; concha, shell, Gr. kongke, mus-
ing secret place. (Law.) Suppression of truth.
; sel, Skr. cankha, conch-6hell.'
Concede, kon-sed r v. t. To yield or suffer to pass to
, ; — Concha, kon'ka, n. (Anat.\
admit to be true, grant, admit, give up, surrender. The external ear, by which;
— v. i. To yield or make concession. [L. con and sounds are collected and trans
cedere, cessum, to cede, grant.] —Concession, -sesh/- mitted to the internal ear. See
un, n. Act of granting thing granted boon a ; ;

— ; —
Ear. [L.l Conchoid, konk'- Conch.
privilege, or right granted by government. Con- oid, n. ( Geol.) A
curve of the
cesSionist, n. One who favors, etc. ConcesSive, — 4th order. [Gr. eidos, form.] —
Conchoid' al. a. (Min.)
-siv, a. Implying, etc. Having elevations or depressions in form like the
Conceit, kon-sef, n. That which is conceived in the valve of a bivalve shell. —
Conchology, -koKo-jT, n.
mind idea thought image a quaint fancy af-
; ; ; ; ; Science of shells and animals inhabiting them; mal-
fected conception; opinion; estimation; esp. overes- acology. [Gr. logos, discourse.]— Conchological, -loj'-
timation of one's self; vanity.— v. t. To conceive, im- etc.— Conchol'ogist, n. One versed
ik-al, a. Pert. to, et<
agine. —
v. i. To form an idea, judge. [OF. concept, in, etc.
conceit, p. p. of concevoir, to conceive. See Con- Conciliate, kon-siKT-at, v. t. To win over; to gain
ceive.]— Conceifed, a. Entertaining a flattering from a state of indifference or hostility. [L. con-
opinion of one's self vain; egotistical. Conceif-
; — ciliare, -atum, fr. consilium, assembly, union. See
edly, adv. —
ConceitSdness, n. Council.] —
Concil'iaSion, n. Act of, etc.; recon-
Conceive, kon-sev / v. t. [-ceived (-sevd /'), -ceiving.]
', ciliation. —
Conciliator, -ter, n. —
Conciliatory, -to-
To receive into the womb and breed to form in the ; ri, a. Tending to conciliate; pacific.
mind, as a purpose to picture to the imagination,
; Concise, kon-sTs', a. Expressing much in a few words;
understand, believe, think. v. i. To become preg- — laconic; terse; succinct. [F.; L. concisvs, brief, p. p.
nant to have a conception, idea, or opinion to of couci'iere, to cut down, fr. con and csedere, to
;

think. [OF. concerer, concevoir, L. concipere, con-

;

cut.] —Concisely, adv. —

Conciseness, «.-- Con-
ception, fr. con and capere, to take, hold.] Con- — cision, -sizh'un, n. A
cutting off; division; faction;
eeiv'er, n. —
Conceivable, a. Imaginable. Con- — circumcision.
ceivSbleness, n. Conceiv'ably, adv.— Concept, — — Conclave, kon'klav, n. A
private apartment, esp.
konSept, n. An abstract general conception. that where the cardinals meet to elect a pope; as-
Conception, -sepShun, n. Act of conceiving state ; sembly to elect a pope, the body of curdinals; a pri-
of being conceived formation in the mind of an
; vate meeting. [F. and L., fr. L. con and clavis, key.]
image, idea, etc.; apprehension; image, etc., formed; Conclude, kon-klud', v. t. To close, as an argument,
notion; a universal; power or faculty of forming an by inferring; to bring to an end; to make a final
idea in the mind. [F.] Concep'tive, -tiv, a. Ca- — "
judgment or determination of; to infer, finish, end.
pable of conceiving. — Conceptual, -u-al, a. Pert, — v. i. To come to an end, close; to form a final
to, etc. —
Concept'ualism, -izm, n. (Metaph>/s.) judgment. [L. concludere, -elusion, fr. con and clau-
Theory that the mind has the power of forming for dere, to shut. See Clause.]— ConcludSr, n. Con- —
itself general conceptions of individual objects. — clusion, -zhun, n. Last part of anything; final de-
Concep'tualist, -tionalist, n. believer, etc. A cision; determination: deduction from premises'; an
Concent, kon-senf, n. Concert of voices harmony. ; experiment. (Law.) End of a pleading; an estoppel
[L. con and ranere, cantum, to sing.] or bar by which one is held to a position which he
Concenter, -tre, kon-sen'ter, v. i. [-centered or has taken. —
Conclusive, -siv, a. Pert, to a close;
-trkd (-terd), -tering or -tring.] To come to a ending debate or question; final; decisive; defini-
point, or meet in a common center. v. t. To draw — tive. —
Conclusively, adv. —
Conclusiveness, n.
or direct to a common center, bring to a point. Concoct, kon-kokf\ v. t. To digest; to mature, per-
[F. concentrer, L. concentrare, fr. con and centrum fect, ripen; to devise, plan, plot [L. concoquere,
(F. centre)^ center. See Center.] Concentrate, — -coctum, to boil together, digest, think over, fr. con
kon-sen'trat or konSen-trat, v. t. To bring to a and coqvere, to cook. See Cook.] ConcoctSr, «.— —
common center, unite more closely, combine. Con- — Concoc'tion, n. Digestion; act of bringing to ma-
centration, w. Act of, etc. (Chem.) Volatilization turity, etc.; act of planning ; contrivance. —
Con-
of part of a liquid, to increase the strength of the coct'ive. -iv. a. Having power to, etc.
remainder. —
Concen'trative, a. Serving to, etc. — Concomitant, kon-kom /'T-tant, a. Accompanying, or
Concen'trativeness, n. (Phren.) Power of concen- conjoined: concurrent; attending. n. One — who
is,
trating intellectual force. See Phrenology. — etc.; an accompaniment. [L. con and cornitari. to
Concentrator, -ter, n. (Mining.) pneumatic ap- A accompany, fr. comes, a companion. See Count.] —
paratus for separating dry comminuted ore, accord- Concomitantly, adv. In company with others.—
ing to the specific gravity of its particles. Con- — Concomitance, -itancy, -Tt-tan-sT, n. State of. etc.
centric, a. Having a common center. Concen- — Concord, kon'kSrd, n. A state of agreement: har-
trically, adv. —
Concentricity, -tris r t-tY, n. State of mony; union. (Gram.) Agreement of words with
being concentric. one another, in gender, number, persow, or case

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get
 — ;

CON CORPORATE 106 CONDYLE

(Mus.) Aconsonant chord; consonance; harmony. vouchsafe. [F. condescendre, fr. L. con and descent
[F. concorde, L. concordia, fr. con and cor, cordis, dere, to descend.] —
Condescendingly, adv. Con- —
the heart.] —
Concord'ance, -ans, ra. Agreement; descension, -sen'shun,w. Act of, etc.; complaisance;
accordance; a verbal index to a work, in which pas- courtesy; affability.
sages containing the same word are arranged alpha- Condign, kon-dTn', a. Deserved; merited; suitable.
betically, with references to the text.— Concord'ist, [OF. condigne, L. condignus, well-worthy, fr. con
n. A
compiler of a concordance. Concord'' ant, a. — —
and dignus, worthy.] Condign'ly, adv. Accord-
Agreeing; correspondent; consonant. [L. and It. ing to merit. —
Condign'ness, n.
concordare, to agree.] —
Concord'antly, adv. Con- — Condiment, kon'dt-ment, n. Something to give relish
cordat, ». A compact or agreement, — esp. be- to food. [L. condimentum, fr. condire, to season.]
tween the pope and a sovereign for the regulation Condisciple, kon-dis-si'pl, n. A fellow-disciple ; school-
of ecclesiastical matters. [F., fr. It. concordato, a fellow.
convention, p. p. of concordare.'] Condition, kon-dish'un, n. State or situation as re-
Concorpoxate. kc»i-kor'po-rat, v. i. To unite in one gards external circumstances quality property
mass or body. —
a. United in, etc. [L. con and cor- attribute; that which must exist as the occasion or
; ; ;

pus, corporis, body.] concomitant of something else;, stipulation; article;

Concourse, korj'kors, n. A
moving or running to- terms, —v. i. [-ditioned (-dish'und), -tioning.]
gether; an assembly; crowd; place of meeting. [F. To make terms, stipulate, —v. t. To contract, stip-
concours, L. concursus, fr. con and currere, to run.] ulate; to impose conditions on. [F.; L. conditio, a
Concrete, kon'kret, a. United in growth; formed by covenant, condition; s. rt. indicare, to point out,
coalition of particles into one body; united in a also E. token : not f r. L. condere, to put together.] —
solid form. (Logic.) Existing in a subject; not ab- Conditional, a. Containing, implying, or depend-
stract. —n. A compound or mass formed by con- ing on, etc.; not absolute. (Gram. & Logic.) Ex-
cretion. (Arch.) A
mass of stone chippings, peb- pressing a condition or supposition. Condi'tional'- —
bles, etc., cemented by mortar. (Logic.) term A ity, -MT, 7i. Quality of being, etc.; limitation by
designating both a quality and the subject in which terms. —
Condi'tionally, adr. With certain limita-
it exists; a concrete term. —
Concrete', v. i. To tions; on particular terms; not absolutely. Condi'- —
unite or coalesce, as separate particles into a mass. — tioned, a. Circumstanced, —
as well-conditioned.
?'. t. To form into a mass. [L. con and crescere, Conditory, kon'di-to-rT, n. A repository to holdthings.
cretum, to grow. See Crescent and Create.] — [L. conditorium, fr. condere, to put together, hide. J
Concretely, adv.— Concrete'ness, n.— Concre'tion. Condole, kon-dol', v. i. [-doled (-dold'), -doling.]
n. Act of concreting; mass or solid matter formed To express sorrow at the pain of another. [L. con
by congelation, condensation, coagulation, or other and dolere, to grieve.] Condol'er, n. — Condole '- —
like natural process. (Geol.) A
nodule, produced ment, -do'lence, n. Expression of sympathy, etc.
by aggregation of material around a center. Con- — Condone, kon-don', v. t. [-doned (-dond'), -doning.]
cre'fional, «. Pert, to concretion. Concre'tive, — (Eccl. Law.) To pardon; to forgive for a violation
Promoting, etc. — Con'crement, n. Collec-
-tiv, a. of the marriage vow. [L. condonare, -natum, to re-
tionformed by. etc. —Concrescence, -kres'ens, n. mit, fr. con and donnre, to give.] Condena'tion, n. —
Act of growing by, etc. —
Concres'cive, -siv, a. Act of pardoning. {Eccl. Law.) Forgiveness by a
Growing together. —
Concre'tianism, -shan-izm, n. husband of his wife, or by a wife of her husband,
(Psychol.) Doctrine that soul and body are gener- for a breach of marital duty.
ated together and grow in common. Condor, kon'dor, «. A large bird of the vulture fam-
Concnbine, kon'ku-bin, n. A
paramour a woman ; ily, found in the Andes; a
who cohabits with a man without being his wife; a gold coin of Chili and the
wife of inferior condition. [F.; L. concubina, fr. U. S. of Colombia, worth
con and cubare. to lie down.] —
Concu'binage, -bl- 10 pesos, or more than $9.
nej, n. State of being, etc.; the cohabiting of a man [Sp., corrup. of Pg. cuntnr.]
and woman not married. —
Concu'binal, -binary, Condottiere, kon-dot-te-a'ra,
-ner-Y, a. Pert, to, etc. n. ;pl. -ERi,-a're. In Italy,
Concupiscence, kon-ku'pis-ens. n. Unlawful desire, the leader of a band of
esp. of carnal pleasure; lust. [F.; L. concupiscentia, mercenary soldiers, living
fr. concupiscerc, fr. con and cupere, to desire.] — by pillage; a brigand. [It.,
Concu'piscent, a. Libidinous; lustful; salacious. fr. L. con and ducere, to
Concur, kon-ker', v. i. [-curred (-kerd'), -curring.] lead.]
To meet in the same point; to act jointly; to unite Conduce, kon-dus', v. t.

in opinion, assent, coincide, approve. [L. con and [-DUCED (-dtlSt'), -DU-
currere, to run.] —
Concur'rence, -rens, n. com- A Cing.] To promote, answer,
ing together; onion; conjunction; joint rights, im- or further an end; to tend,
plying equality in different persons.— Concur'rent, contribute. [L. con and
a. Acting in "conjunction; cooperating; associate; ducere, ductum, to lead.
concomitant joint and equal in authority. n. — See Dcke.] —
Condu'cible, Condor.
;

Joint or contributory cause. —

Concurrently, adv. -sT-bl, -cive. -siv, a. Tend-
Concussion, kon-kush^un, n. Act of shaking or agi- ing to promote or forward. — Condu'cibleness, -ci-
tating, esp. by the stroke of another body; state of bil'ity, -civeness, -siv-nes, n. — Con'duct, -dukt, n.
being shaken': shock. [F. L. concussio, f r. conctitere,
; Act or method of leading, commanding, etc.; skill-
-cussu/n, to shake together, fr. con and quatere, to ful guidance; generalship; that which leads, guides,
shake.] —
Concus'sive, -siv, a. Having power to, etc. escorts, or brings safely; convoy; guard; warrant;
Condemn, kon-dem', v. t. [-demned (-demd'), -dem- manner of guiding one's self ; behavior; deport-
xing (-dem'ning).] To pronounce to be wrong, ment demeanor. — Conduct',
; v. t. lead or To
blame, censure, pronounce judicial sentence against, guide, escort, attend; to lead as a commander, di-
doom; pronounce unfit for service. [L. con and rect, control; to manage, Tegulate, carry. v. i. — To
damnare, to damn, condemn.] — Condem'ner, n. behave, act. —
Conduct'ible, a. Conduct'ibil'ity, —
Condem'nabie, a. Worthy of, etc.; blameworthy; n. — Conduction, -duk'shun, n. (Physics.) Trans-
—
culpable. — Condemna'tion, n. Act of , or state of mission through, or bv means of, a conductor.
being, etc.; reason of a sentence; judgment. Con- — Conduct'ive, -iv, a. Conducting. Conductiv'ity, —
dem'natory, -to-rT, a. Bearing condemnation. n. Quality or power of conducting or giving pas-
Condense, kon-dens', v. t. [-densed (-densf), -dens- sage to molecular action. —
Conduct'or, -er, n. One
ixg.] To make more close, compact, or dense; to who conducts; a leader; guide; manager; one in
compress, consolidate, thicken.— v. i. To become charge of a railroad train (Physics.) A substance,
.

close or more compact; to grow thick or dense. [F. esp. a metallic rod, forming a medium for the trans-
condenser, L. condensare, -satum, f r. con and densare, mission of some substance or fluid, esp. of heat or
tothicken, f r. densus, thick, dense.] Conden'sate, — electricity. —
Conduct'ress, n. A woman who, etc.
-sat, v. t. & i. Same as condense. Condens'er, n. — Conduit, kon'- or kun'dit, n. That which conducts or
One who, or that which, etc., esp. {Mach.) a vessel conveys; esp. a pipe, canal, etc. [F.; fr. LL. conduc-
for condensing vapor into a liquid form. See Steam tus, escort, also canal, fr. conducere. See Conduce.]
Engine. —
Condens'able, a. Capable of being, etc Conduplicate, kon-du'plT-kat, a. (Bot.) Doubled or
— Condensation, n. Act of, etc. — Conden'sative, folded together. [L. con and duplicare, to double.]
-tiv, a. Having power or tendencv to, etc. Condyle, kon'dil, n. (Anat.) A rounded projection
Condescend, kon-de-send', v. i. To let one's self at the end of a bone knuckle. [F. Gr. kondidps,
down; to relinquish rank, or dignity of character; fr. kondos, knob.] — ;

Con'dyloid, a. Shaped like, etc.,

;

to recede willingly from one's rights to deign, ;

— said esp. of the projection articulating the lower

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, tSrm ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 CONE 107 CONFOUND
jaw with the head. TGr. eidos, form.] Con'dylope, — Confidence-man, One who appeals to another's
n.
-dT-lop, Condyl'opod, n. (Zobl.) An articulated confidence in order to swindle him a plausible ;

animal, with jointed legs, —

as crabs, insects, etc. scoundrel. —
Confident, a. Having confidenoe -,

[Gr. pous.podos, foot.] trustful self-reliant having an excess of assur-

Cone, kon, n. A
solid body, tapering to a point from
:

ance; occasioning confidence. Confidently, adv.

:

— —
a circular base. (Bot.) The conical Confidential, -shal, a. Enjoying confidence; com-
fruit of evergreen trees, as of the pine, municated in confidence. Confidentially, adv. —
fir, cedar, etc. [F. ; L. conus, Gr. Configure, kon-fig'ur, v. t. [-figured (-urd), -using.]
konos; s. rt. L. cuneus, wedge, Ski. go, To arrange or dispose in a certain form, figure, or
to sharpen, E. hone. See Coin.] — shape. [L. con and figurare, to fashion, fr. figura,
Conic, kon'ik, -ical, a. Formed like, form.] —
Conflg'ura'tion. n. Externalform. (Astrol.)
resembling, or pert, to, etc. Conic — Relative position or aspect of the planets. [F.]
section. (Geom.) A
curve line formed Confine, konfln, n.
—
Common boundary ; border ;

by the intersection of a cone and plane, limit. Confine'', v. t. [-fixed (-find''), -fining.]
— a parabola, hyperbola, or ellipse. Cone. — To restrain within limits to bound, immure, re- ;

Coirically, adv. In the form of, etc.— Conicalness, strict. —

v. i. To have a common boundary to ;

n —
Con'lcB. n. sing. That part of geometry treat- border. [F. confin, near, adjoining, confmer, to abut
.

ing of the cone and its curves, n. pi. The curves upon, confine, fr. L. con and finis, a boundary.] —
formed by the intersection of a plane and cone. — Conftnable, a. Capable of being, etc. Confin'er, —
Co'niform, a. Cane-shaped conical. [L. forma, n. One who, or that which, etc. Con'finer, n. One —
form.] —
;

Coniferous, -nifgr-us, a. {Bot.) Bearing who lives on confines; a borderer. Conflne'ment, —

cones, as pines, etc. [L. fen-e, to bear.] Co'noid,
-noid, n. Anything cone-shaped. (Geom.) solid
formed by the revolution of a conic section about
its axis. —Co'noid, -noid'al, a. Nearly, but not ex-
actly, conical. [Gr. eidos, form.] Conoid'ic, -ical,
a. Pert, to, or formed like, a conoid.
Confabulate, kon-fab'u-lat, v. i. To talk familiarly
together, chat, prattle. [L. con smdfabulari, -latum,
to converse, fr. fabula, a discourse. See Fable.]
Confabula'tion, Confab, n. Familiar talk.
Confect, kon'fekt, n. A
sweetmeat comfit confec-
— n. Restraint within limits; imprisonment; detentiou
A by sickness, esp. by child-birth.
Confirm, kon-ferrn, v. t. [-firmed (-f5rmd r ), -firm-
ing.] To make firm, give strength to, render fixed or
— certain; to render valid by formal assent. (Eccl.) To
administer the rite of confirmation to. [F. confcrmer,
fr. L. con and ftrmare, -atum, to make firm, fr.
firmus, firm.] Confinner, n. — Confirm 'able. a. —
— — Confirma'tion, n. Act of confirming, or estab-
lishing: that which confirms, convincing testimony;
; ratification. (Eccl.) A
rite in Episcopal churchea
—
;

tion. [L. conficere, -fectum, to prepare.] Confec'- by which one baptized is admitted to the full privi-
tion, n. A
preparation of fruit, etc., with sugar act leges of the church. —
Confirm' ative, -tiv, a. Hav-
of making confects. —
Confec'tioner, n. One who
;

ing power to confirm. —

Confirm'atory, -tc-rf a. ,

makes or sells confections, candies, etc. Confec'- — Serving to confirm corroborative ; pert, to the rite
;

tionery, -5r-T, n. Sweetmeats in general; confections; of confirmation.

candies; place for making or selling, etc. Confiscate, kon'fis-kat or kon-fis'kat, v. t. To appro-
Confederate, kon-fed'Sr-at, a. United in a league; priate, as a penalty, to public use. a. Appropri- —
engaged in a confederacy. n. —
person or nation A ated, etc. [L. conjiscare, -catiun, to confiscate.fr. con
engaged in a confederacy; an ally. v. t. and i. To — and ftscus, basket, purse, treasury.] Confis'cable, —
uuite in a league. [L. con and foederare, -atum, to a. Capable of being, etc. liable to forfeiture.— ;

league, fr. feedva, foederis, a league.] Conied'eracy, — Conflsca'tion, n. Act of appropriating, as a penalty,
-a-st, n. A
league or covenant union between per- to the public use. —
Con'fiscator. n. One who, etc.
—
;

sons or states persons, etc., united by a league. Confis'catory, -to-rT, a. Consigning to, or pro-
;

(Law.) An unlawful combination conspiracy. ;

— moting, etc.
Confedera'tion, n. Act of confederating league ;

— ; Conflagration, kon-fla-gra'shun. n. great fire. [F.- A

compact for mutual support parties to a league. ; fr. L. con and flagrare.-gratwn, to burn.]
Confed'erative, -tiv, a. Pert, to, etc. Conflict, kon'flikt. n. Violent collision ; a striving
Confer, kon-fer', v. t. [-feeeed (-ferd'), -febeixg.] to oppose or overcome ; the last struggle of life ;

To grant a permanent possession; to bestow, award. pang agony. —

Conflict', v. i. To strike or dash
— v. t. To discourse or converse seriously to com-
;

together, meet in collision, struggle, strive, battle.

pare views. [F. conferer, to commune, L. conferre,
;

[L. con and fligere,flictum, to strike; s. rt. blow.] —

to bring together, bestow, fr. con and ferre, to Confllct'ive, -iv, a. Tending to conflict.
bring.] —
Conference, -ens, n. Act of conversing ; Confluence, kon'flu-ens, n. The meeting or junction
interchange of views meeting for consultation
: of streams place of meeting running together of
: ;

interview. [F.] —
Confer'rable, a. Capable of be-
;

people crowd; multitude. [L. con and Jluere, Jlv-r-

ing conferred. —
Confer'rer, n. um, to flow.]
;

—
Con'fluent, a. Flowing together ;

Conferva, kon-fSr'va, n. ; pi. -\je, -ve. (Bot.) fresh- A running one into another meeting in a common ;

water plant consisting of slender-jointed green fila- current or basin. (Bot.) United at the base. n. —
ments. [L. con and/enrre, to boil.] A small stream flowing into a large one ; place of
Confess, kon-fes', v. t. [-fessed (-fesf), -fessixg.] To meeting of streams, etc. Con'flux, n. —
flowing A
acknowledge or admit, as a crime, fault, debt, etc. ; together of currents; assemblage: concourse.
to own or recognize ; to admit as true, assent to, Conform, kon-fdrin, v. t. [-formed (-fdrmd'), -form-
(Eccl.) To declare (one's sins) to a priest, in order to ing.] To shape in accordance with, make alike,
receive absolution ; to hear such confession to dis- bring into harmony or agreement with. v. i. To —
close or reveal, as an effect its cause. v. i. To — ;

conduct in accordance, comply, yield, render obe-

make confession. [OF. confesser, fr. L. con and dience. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) To be a conformist. [F.
fateri, fessus, to acknowledge. See Fame.] Con- — conformer, fr. L. cow and formare, -matum, to fash-
fess'edly, -ed-lT, adv. By confession: avowedly; un- ion, fr. forma, form.] Conform'er, n. —
Conform '- —
deniably. —
Confession, -f esh'un, n. Acknowledg- able, a. Corresponding in form, shape, opinion*,
ment ; avowal ; admission of a debt, obligation, or etc.; similar like in proper form
; disposed to
; ;

crime. (Eccl.) Act of disclosing sins to a priest. compliance: submissive. (Geol.) Parallel, or nearly
A formulary stating articles of faith.— Confessional, so. — Conform'ableness, -abil'ity, n. State of being,
i*. The seat where a confessor sits to hear confessions.
— etc. (Geol.) Parallelism of two sets of strata m
Confes'sionalism, -izm, n. The principle of mak- contact. —
Conform'ably, adr. With, or in, con-
ing confession ; principle of formulating the beliefs formity. —
Conform'ate. a. Having the same form.
of a church into a confession of faith, and exacting — Conforma'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
acceptance thereof from its members. Confes'- — agreement harmony structure of a body form
;

sionary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to auricular confession. — ;

make. — Conformist, n. One who complies with

; ; ;

Canfess'or, -5r, n. One who acknowledges his sins or the worship of the church of England. Conform'- —
obligations. {Eccl.) One who professes faith in the ity, -Y-tT, n. Correspondence in character, etc. ;

Christian religion. A
priest who hears confessions. congruity. (Eng. Eccl. Hist.) Compliance with the
Confide, kon-fid> , v. i. To put faith, believe, —v. t. usages of the established church.
To intrust, give in charge. [L. goh and fidere. to Confound, kon-fownd', v. t. To mingle and blend,
trust.] —
Confid'er, n. —
Confidant', n. m.. -fidante', so as to be indistinguishable to throw into confu-
7i. f., -ft-dant'. A
confidential friend. [OF.] — sion ; to abash, dismay, defeat, ruin, intermingle.
;

Confidence, -f T-dens, n. Act of confiding belief [F. confondre, fr. L. con and fundere, fustem, to
—
;

in the reality of a fact or integrity of a person ; pour.] —

Confound'er, «. Confound'ed,^. a. Con-
that in which faith is put feeling of security; self-
; fused; perplexed; very great: enormous; abominsfc-
reliance ; assurance expectation hope courage.
; ; ; ble.— Confound'edlyj adv. Enormously, greatly.
s&n, cube, full ; moon, io"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.

CONFRATERNITY
Confraternity, kon-fra-ter'nY-tT, re. brotherhood.
[F. confraterniU, fr. L. con and fraternitas, brother-
hood, fr. frater, brother.] —
Confrere, koN'frar, re.
An associate. [F. F.frere L. frater.}
; =
Confront, kon-frunf, v. t. To stand faeing, or in front
of; to face; to stand in direct opposition to, oppose;
to set together for comparison, compare. [F. con-
f renter, fr. front, L./rons, frontis, forehead, front.]
— Confron'ter, n. —
Confronta'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Confucianism, kon-fu'shan-izm, n. The doctrine of
Confucius, founder of the ethical system of China.
Confuse, kon-f uz', v. t. [-fused (-fQzd'), -fusing.] To
jumble together, render indistinct or obscure, dis-
order, abash, disconcert, perplex, distract. [Same
as confound ; L. con nn&fundere, fusum, to pour.]—
— grex, a flock.]
Confus'edly, -ed-li, adv. Confus'edness, re. Con-
fusion, -fu'zhun, re. State of being mixed or blend-
ed so as to produce indistinctness or error loss of
self-possession shame overthrow defeat ruin.
; ;
Confute, kon-f Of, v. t. To put to silence; to prove to
be false or defective, disprove, set aside, oppugn. [F.
confuter, to confute, fr. L. confutare, -tatum, to cool
(by mixing cold water with hot), to damp, allay, fr.
con and rt. of fundere, to pour.] Confut'er, re.
Confutable, a. —
Confut'ant, re. One who confutes
or tries to, etc. —
Confuta'tion, re. Act of, etc.
Conge, koN'zha or kon'je, re. Act of taking leave
parting ceremony a bow or courtesy. (Arch.) A
; missioners; the assembly of senators and representa-
molding in form of a quarter round; a cavetto
apophygee. See Molding. —
v. i. [conge" ed (-zhad
or -]5d), congeing.] To take leave with civilities;
to bow or courtesy. [F., leave, license, dismission,
fr. LL. comiatus, leave, corrup. of L. commeatus, a
traveling together, leave of absence, furlough, fr.
con and meare, -atum } to go, pass.] Conge d'elire,
koN-zhad-ler' or kon / ia-da-l§r y\ The king's license
to choose a bishop. [F., leave to choose.]
Congeal, kon-jeK, v. t. [congealed (-jeld /'), -geal-
ing.] To freeze, stiffen with eold, or from terror.
v. i. To grow hard or stiff. [OF. congeler, fr. L. con
and gelare, -atum, to freeze, fr. gelu, cold.] Con-
gearable, a. —
Congeal 'ment, re. Act or process of
congealing ;mass congealed concretion. Con-
elation, -jeda'shun, re. Process or act, or state of
f eing, etc. thing congealed congealment.
; ;
Congener, kon'je-ner, re. A thing ot the same genus,
or allied in kind. [L., fr. con and genus, kin.]
Congenial, kon-jen'yal, a. Partaking of the same
feeling; kindred; sympathetic. [L. con and genialis,
genial, q. v.] —
Conge'nialness, -nial , ity, re. Con-
genlte, -jen'It, -ital, a. Of the same birth; begot-
ten together; dating from birth. [L. core and gignere,
genitum, to produce.] —
Congenltally, adv.
Conger, kon'ger, Con'ger-eel, -el, n. A large species of
6ea-eel. [L. Gr. gonggroe.]
; able, a.
Congeries, kon-je'ri-ez, re. sing, and pi. A collection
of particles into one mass a heap combination.
; Conjoin, kon-join', v. t. [-joined (-joind'), -joining.]
[L., a heap, fr. congerere. See Congest.]
Congest, kon-jest', v. t. To collect into a mass or ag-
gregate, [t,. con and gererere, gestum, to bring,
carry.] — Congestion, -jes'chun, re. (Med.) An un-
natural accumulation of blood in any part of the
body. — Congestive, -iv, n. Indicating, or attend-
ed by, accumulation of blood.
Conglaciation, kon-gla'shi-a'shun, re. Act of chan-
ging into ice congelation. [L. conglaciare, -atum,
;
to freeze, fr. con and glades, ice.]
Conglobe, kon-glob', v. t. [-globed (-globd'), -glob-
ing.] To gather into a ball. [L. conglobare, -batum,
fr. con and globus, a globe.] —
Congloba'tion, n. Act
of, etc. a round body. —
Conglo'bate, -bat, a.
;
Formed or gathered into a ball. v. t. Same as
—
Conglobe. Conglo'bately, adv. In a round form.
— Conglobulate, -gl5b r u-lat, v. i. To gather into a
globule. [L. globulus, dim. of globus.]
Conglomerate, koH-glom'Sr-at, a. Gathered together
in a mass; collected. (Bot.) Closely clustered to-
gether. (Geol.) Composed of stones, pebbles, etc.;
—
cemented together. v. t. To gather into a round
body. — re. Collection accumulation. (Geol.) A
; junction, re. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Astron.)
rock, composed of pebbles, cemented by mineral
substance. [L. conglo.nerare, -atum, to wind into a
ball or clew, heap together, fr. con and gJo'ima (s. rt.
globus), clew of thread, ball.] Conglomeration,
n. A gathering into, etc.; accumulation.
Conglutinate, kon-glu'tl-nat, v. t. To glue together;
unite by some tenacious substance. v. i. To coa-
lesce, —a. Glued together in one mass. [L. con and
glutinare, -atum, to glue, fr. gluten., glue.] Con-
glu'tina'tion, re. Act of, etc.; junction; union.—
Conglu'tinative, -tiv, a. Uniting by glue, etc.—
Jim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
— ;
108 CONJUNCT
A Conglu'tinant, a. Serving to unite healing. «. ;
(Med.) A medicine that promotes the closing and
healing of wounds.
Congo, kon-'go, Con'gou, -goo, re. A
black tea, a su-
perior quality of Bohea. [Chin, kung-foo, labor.]
Congratulate, kon-grafu-lat, v.t. To wish joy to on
some happy event; to felicitate. [L. con and gratu-
lari, -latus, to wish joy, fr. g, «tus, pleasing.] —
grafulant, a. Rejoicing in participation.
Con-
Con- —
gratula'tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Congrat'ulator, re. —
Congratulatory, a. _Expressive oi etc. ,
Congregate, kon'gre-gat, v. t. To collect into an as-
semblage.— v. i. To come together; assemble; meet.
[L. con and gregare, -gatum, to collect in flocks, fr.
—
Congregation, re. Act of, etc. col-
— lection of separate things; assemblv of persons, esp.
:
a religious assembly. —
Congregational, a. Pert, to
; a congregation, to the system of Congregationalism,
; ; or, esp., to that of the associated evangelical Trini-
tarian Congregational churches; independent.— Con-
gregationalism, -izm, n. A
system of church gov-
ernment which vests ecclesiastical power in each
local church, as a self-governing body; independ-
— — ency. — Congrega'tionaUst, re.
Congress, kon'gres, re. A
meeting of individuals; esp.
of two persons of opposite sexes for sexual inter-
; course; an assembly, as of deputies, envoys, or com-
tives of a nation, esp. of a republic; convention; con-
;
vocation; synod; council; diet. [~L.congredi,-gressus,
to meet together, fr. con and gradi, to go, fr. gradus,
a step.] —Congressional, -gresh'un-al, a. Pert, to,
etc.— Congres'sive, -siv, a. Encountering; coming
together. — Con'gress-man, re. ; pi. -men. A member
— of the U. S. Congress.
Congruence, kon'groo-ens, re. Suitableness of one
thing to another; agreement; consistency. [L. con-
gruere, to agree together, accord, congruus, suitable.]
— Con'gruent, a. Possessing, etc.— Congru'ity, -1-tt,
re. Quality of being, etc.; fitness; harmony. Con'- —
— gruous, a. Having congruity; pertinent; appropri-
ate.— Con'gruously, adv.
; — Conic, Coniferous, etc. See under Cone.
Conium, ko'ni-um, n. (Bot.) An umbelliferous plant,
poison hemlock. [NL., fr. Gr. koneion.] Co'nia, —
-nt-a, Co'nine, -nin, n. An alkaloid obtained by dis-
tillation of hemlock with potasb-lye, intensely poi-
sonous, paralyzing the motor nerves.
Conjecture, kon-jek > chur, n. Formation of an opin-
— ion on presumptive evidence; surmise, —v. t. and i.
[-TURED (-churd), -tueing.] To infer on slight evi-
dence, surmise, suspect, guess. [F. L. conjectura,
a guess, fr. conjicere, to cast together, fr. core and
;
jacere, to throw.] —
Conjec'turer, re. Conjee 'titr- —
— Conjec'tural, a. Depending on, etc. —
Conjec'turally, adv.
;
To join together, associate, connect. v. i. To —
unite, join, league. [F. conjoindre, fr. L. con and
jungere, junctum, to join, q. v.] Conjoint', a. —
United associated. [F.]
; —
Conjointly, adv.
Conjugal, kon'ju-gal, -ju'gial, -jt-al, a. Belonging te
the marriage state; matrimonial; connubial; nuptial.
[F. conjugal, L. conjugalis, conjugialis, pert, to mar-
riage, f r. covjugium, marriage, conjugare, -gatum, to
unite, fr. con and jugum, a yoke; s. rt. join, yoke.'] —
—
Conjugally, adv. Conjugality, re. Marriage state.
Conjugate, kon'ju-gat, v. t. (Gram.) To inflect, as
verbs, —re. A word agreeing in derivation with an-
other.— a. United in pairs; yoked together. (Gram.)
Agreeing in derivation with other words. [L. conju-
—
gare. See Conjugal.]— Conjugate diameter. (Geom.)
A diameter parallel to a tangent at the vertex of the
primitive diameter. —
Conjuga'tion, re. ( Gram.) Act
of inflecting, as a verb; a scheme exhibiting all the
parts of a verb; a class of verbs inflected in the same
manner through their various forms.
Conjunct, kon-junkf, a. United; conjoined; concur-
rent. [L. cow and jungere, junctum, to join.] Con- —
Meeting of two or more stars or planets in the same
degree of the zodiac. (Gram.) A connective or con-
necting word.— Conjunc /'tive, -tiv, a. Closely united;
— serving to unite. (Gram.) Following or introduced
by a conjunction contingent.— Conjunc'tively, Con-
:
junctly, adv.— Conjuncture, -iunk'chur, re. Act of,
— or state of being, etc. connection; combination; an
;
occasion or crisis as the effect of the combination or
— concurrence of circumstances. Conjunctiva, -tt- —
va, n. (Anat.) The mucous membrane covering the
eye-ball and inner surface of the lids. [L.]
; end, 5ve, t5rm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 CONJURE
C»njure, kon-j6or r v. t. [-jured (-jdord'), -juring.]
,
To call on or summon solemnly, adjure. [F. con-
jurer, to adjure, also, to conjure or exorcise a spirit,
fr. L. con anijurare, -atum. to swear. See Jury.]
ConJur'er, ». —
Conjure, kun'jgr, v. t. To affect,
produce, excite, etc., as if by magic, or by supernat-
ural power; to enchant, charm, bewitch. v. i. To
practice magical arts. —
Con'jurer, n. One who con-
jures, or practices magic or legerdemain. Conju-
ration, n. Earnest or solemn entreaty; practice of
magic arts: incantation.
Connate, kon'nat or kon-naV, a. Born with another;
existing from birth. (Bot.) United
in origin united into one body.
;
[L. connatus. See Cognate.]
Connas'cence, -nas'sens, -cency,
-sen-si, n. The common birth of
two or more at the same time; a
being produced with another
aot at growing together, or at the
same time.— Connas 'cent, a. Pro-
duced at the same time. Con- Connate Leaf. -
natural, kon-nach'gr-ral, a. Connected by nature;
inborn; inherent; participating of the same nature.
[OF. connaturel, fr. L. naturalis,
nat'ural'ity, n. State of being, etc.
Connect, kon-nekf, v. t. To knit or fasten together;
to establish association between. v. i. To become
joined or coherent; to have close relation. [L. con
and vectere, n&vum, to bind, knit, join, Skr. nah, to
bind.] — Connect 'edly, adv. Connection, -nek'-
shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; persons or
things connected together; continuity; junction; de-
pendence; relationship. —
Connective, -iv, a. Hav-
ing power to connect, n. {Gram.) —
word that
connects other words or sentences; a conjunction.—
Connect 'ively, adv. —
Connecfor, -er, n. One who,
or that which, etc.; esp. a flexible tube connecting
glass tubes in pneumatic experiments.— Connexion,
Cennexlve. Same as Connection, Connective.
Connive, kon-niv', v. i. [-nived (-nlvdO, -nivingJ
To close the eyes upon, wink at, forbear to see. [K
conniver, L. connivere, to close the eyes, overlook,
fr. con and rt. of nictare, to wink.] Conniv'ance,
n. Voluntary oversight; collusion. Conniv^ent, a.
Forbearing to see designedly inattentive. {Nat.
Hist.) Brought close together.
;
Conniv'er, n.
Connoisseur, kon-is-sgr', n. A
critical judge or master
of any art, esp. of painting, music, and sculpture.
[OF.,fr. connoittre, to know, fr. L. con and gnoscere,
to know.] —
Connoisseur'ship, n. Skill of, etc.
Connote, kon-not r , v. t. To make known together
with, imply, denote or designate, include. [L. con
and notare, to mark, fr nota, mark, note.] Con-
nolative, -tiv, ». Implying something additional.
(Log.) Implying an attribute attributive. Conno- ;
tative term. One denoting a subject and implying
an attribute.
Connubial. kon-nu'bY-al, a. Pert, to marriage or the
marriage state; conjugal; nuptial. [L. connvhium,
marriage, fr. con and nubere, to veil, marry.]
Gonnumeration, kon-nu'mgr-a'shun, n. A reckoning
together. [L. con and numerare, to number.]
Conoid, etc. See under Cone.
Conquer, kon'kgr, v. t. [-quered (-kSrd), -quering.]
To acquire by force to subdue, vanquish, sur-
; thing conserved, esp. a sweetmeat, of fruit, etc.,
mount, master. v. i. To gain the victory; over-
come, prevail. [OF. conquerre, fr. L. con and quse-
rere, -situm, to seek. See Quest, Query.] Con'-
querable, a. —
Con'queror, -er, n. Conquest, kon/-
kwest, n. Act of, etc.; thing conquered. (Feudal
Law.) Acquisition of property otherwise than by
inheritance. [F.]
Consanguineous, kon-san-gwin'e-us, a. Of the same
blood; related by birth. [L. con ;>nd sanguineus, of
blood, fr. sanguis, blood.] —
Consanguinity, -T-tI,n.
Relationship by blood or birth.
Conscience, kon'shens, n. The faculty which decides
on the lawfulness of our actions and affections,
moral faeulty; moral sense; the estimate or deter-
mination of conscience; real sentiment; truth; jus-
tice; honesty; reasonableness. [F.j L. conncientia,
fr. con and scientia, knowledge, fr. scire, to know.
See Science.] —
Conscience clause. An article in a
law, etc., exempting from certain of its provisions
persons who cannot conscientiously obey them.—
Conscienceless, a. Having no conscience. Con-
scientious, -shl-en'shus, a. Governed by strict re-
gard to the dictates of conscience; scrupulous; iust;
upright. —
Conscientiously, adv. Conscien'tlous-
nesB, n. — Con'scionable, -shun-a-bl, a. Governed
sun, cube, full ; moou,
109 CONSIDER
by or according to conscience ; reasonable just.
—
;
[= conscience-able. ] Con'scious, -shus, a. Possess-
ing the faculty of knowing one's thoughts or men-
— taloperations: capable of perceiving sounds, acts, or
sensations; made the object of consciousness; aware;
apprised; sensible. [L. conscius, f r. conscire.] Con'- —
— sciously, adv. Knowingly. —
Consciousness, n.
Knowledge of what passes in one's own mind; im-
— mediate knowledge of any object; state in which
one knows what is passing around one.
Conscript, kon'skript, a. Enrolled; written; regis-
tered. —n. One taken by lot, to serve as a soldier or
sailor. — Conscript", v. t. To enroll, by compulsion,
for military service. [L. con and scriwe, scriptunu,
— to write.] —Conscript fathers. The senators of an-
cient Rome. — Conscrip'tion, n. A registering; an
enrollment of those liable to be drafted for military
or naval service.
;
Consecrate, kon'se-krat, v. t. To make, or declare td
be sacred; to appropriate to sacred use6; to enroll
among the gods or saints, apotheosize, canonize; to
render venerable, dignify. a. —Consecrated; de-
voted; sacred. [L. consecrare, -cratum, fr. con and
sacrare, to consecrate, fr. sacer, sacred.] Conse- —
natural.] — Con- cration, n. Act or ceremony of consecrating; ded-
ication; canonization; apotheosis.— Con'secrator, n.
Consecution, kon-ee-ku'shun, n. A
sequel; train of
— consequences; series of things that follow one an-
other. [L. con and secrui, secutus, to follow.] Con- —
sec'utive, -u-tiv, a. Following in a train; uninter-
— rupted in succession; following as a consequence or
result. (Mus.) Following in the same order. Con- —
secutively, adv.— Con'sequence, -se-kwens, n. That
which flows out of, and follows, something on which
A it depends. (Log.) A conclusion which results from
reason or argument; inference: deduction; connec«
tion of cause and effect. [L. consequent, jp. pr. of
consequi.]— In consequence. Hence; for this cause.
— In c. of. By reason of; as the effect of. —
Ofc. Of
importance, value, or influence. —
Consequent, a.
Following as a result or inference. (Log.) Follow-
ing by necessary inference, or rational deduction.—
n. That which follows, etc. (Log.) A conclusion
— or inference. (Math.) The second term of a ratio.
— — Consequently, adv.— Consequential, -k wenShal,
a. Following, etc.; assuming an air ot consequence;
— pompous. —Consequentially, adv. With just de-
duction of consequences; logically; by consequence;
in a regular series: with assumed importance.
Consensus, kon-sen'sus, /?. Agreement; accord. [L.,
fr. con and p.p. of sentire, sensum, to feel. See Sense.]
— Consent", n. Agreement in opinion or sentiment;
correspondence in parts, qualities, or operations;
— voluntary accordn nee with what is done or proposed
by another; accord; concurrence; free-will. v.i. —
— To agree in opinion or sentiment; to yield to guid-
ance, persuasion, or necessity; to give assent, ac-
cede, comply, permit, acquiesce. —
ConsentSr, n.—
Consentaneous, -ne-us, a. Consistent; agreeable or
accordant; suitable.— Consentaneously, adv.— Con-
senta'neousness, n. — Consentient, -senShent, a.
Agreeing in mind; accordant in opinion.
Conserve, kon-serv", v. t. [-served (-sgrvd"), -serv-
ing.] To save, preserve, protect; to prepare with
sugar, etc., for preservation, as fruits, etc. — n. Any-
prepared with sugar. [F. conserver, to preserve, fr.
L. con and servare, -atum, to keep, serve. Se«
— Serve.] —
ConservSr, ra. —
ConservSble, a. Capa-
— ble of being, etc.— ConservSnt, a. Preserving from
destruction or decay. —
OonservSncy. -sT, Conser-
vation, n. Act ef, etc. —
Conservative, -tiv, a.
Preservative; disposed to maintain existing institu-
tions. —
n. One who, or that which, preserves from
ruin, injury, or radical change; one who desires to
maintain existing institutions and customs. Con- —
servatism, -tizm, n. Disposition or tendency to
preserve what is established; opposition to chango.
— Conservator, kon-sgr-valSr or kon"-, n. Onewh»
preserves from injury, violation, or innovation. - '
Conservatory, -to-rt, a. Having the quality of pre-
serving from loss, decay, or injury. —
n. A place for
preserving things, esp. a greenhouse for plants; that
which preserves from injury; a public place of in-
struction in learning or art.
Consider, kon-sid'gr, v. t. [-sidered (-sid'erd), -ek-
— ing.] To think on with care, fix the mind on; to
have regard to, take into view or account; to esti-
mate, think, view. —v. i. To think seriously, ma-
— turely, or carefully, reflect, deliberate. [F. consid-
erer, L. considerare, -atum, to observe, orig. to ii>-
f<S6t ; tov, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNboN, chair, get.
 ; —;

CONSIGN 110 CONSTRAIN

epect the stars, fr. con and sidus, sidei~is, See
a star. Consort, kon's6rt, n. A companion or partner; «£,). a
Contemplate.] — Consid'erer, n. — Considerable, wife or husband; spouse. [L. consors, a sharer of
«. Possessing consequence; of some distinction; property =
brother or sister, later wife, neighbor, f r.
noteworthy; respectable; of importance or value;
— con and sors, lot, share.] —
Queen consort. The wife
moderately large. Consid'erableness. n. Some de- of a king, as disting. fr. queen regnant, who rules
gree of importance, etc. — Considerably, adv. — alone, and fr. queen dowager, the widow of a king.
Considerate, a. Given to consideration or sober — Consort', v. i. To unite or keep company; asso-
reflection: mindful of the rights, claims, and feel- ciate. —
v. t. To join, as in affection, company, etc.
ings of others. —
Considerately, adv. Consid'er- — Conspectus, kon-spek'tus, n. A
general sketch or out-
ateness, n. —
Consideration, n. Act of consider- line of a subject; synopsis; epitome. [L., p. p. of
ing; careful thought; deliberation; appreciative re- conspicere, to see plainly, fr. con and specere, to
gard claim to notice some degree of consequence;
; ; look s. rt. spy.] —
Conspic'uous, -u-us, a. Obvious
ground of opinion; influence. {Law.) The material
;

to the eye; manifest; noted; illustrious. Conspic- —

cause of a contract compensation equivalent.
; ; uously, adv. —
Conspic'uousness, n.
Consign, ken-sin', v. t. [-signed (-sind'), -signing.] Conspire, kon-splr', v. i. [-spired (-splrd'), -spirikg.]
To give, transfer, or deliver, formally; to commit, To covenant for an evil purpose, plot together; to
intrust. (Com.) To give into the hands of an agent concur to one end, agree, combine, league. v. t. —
for superintendence, sale, etc. To assign, appro- To plot, combine for, concur in. [F. conspirer, L.
priate. [F. consigner, to consign, deliver, L. consig- conspirare, -aturn, fr. con and spirare, to blow. See
nare, to seal, attest, warrant, fr. con and signare, to Spirit.] —
Conspir'er, w —
Conspiracy, -splr'a-sl, n.
mark, sign, fr. signum, a mark. See Sign.] Con- — A combination of persons for evil; concurrence to
signer, n. — Consignment, n. Act of, etc. ( Com.) one event; combination; plot.— Conspir'ator, -ter, n.
Thing consigned; goods sent to a factor for sale, Constable, kun'sta-bl, n. A
high officer in medieval
the writing By which a thing is consigned. — Con- monarchical establishments. (Law.) An officer of
,oo, -si-ne', n. One to whom goods are delivered
... the peace, bound to execute warrants of judicial
m trust, for sale, etc.; a factor. Consigner, n. — officers. [OF. conestable, L. comes stabulis, count of
One who consigns, esp. who consigns goods to an-
— the stable.] —
Con'stableship, n. Office of, etc.
other. Consignatory, -rT, n. joint signer one A ; Constab'ulary, -la-rT, a. Pert, to, or consisting of
who affixes his signature along with others. constables.— n. The body of constables in a district;
Constat, kon-sist', v. i. To be in a fixed or permanent constabulary foree.
state; to be, exist, subsist; to be consistent or har- Constant, kon'stant, a. Not liable to change; stead-
monious. [F. consister, L. consistere, f r. con and sis- fast; permanent; perpetual; resolute; firm. (Math.
tere, to stand, make to stand, fr. stare, to stand.] — & Physics.) Remaining unchanged or invariable. —
To consist in. To be constituted by. — To c. of. To n. That which is not subject to change. (Math.) A
be composed or made up of. — Consistent, a. Pos- quantity whose value always remains the same in
sessing firmness or fixedness; having agreement with the same expression. [F., fr. L. con and stare, to
itself at different times, or harmony among its parts; stand.] —
Con'stantly, adv. —
Con'stancy, -si. n.
accordant; congruous; uniform. Consistently, — Quality of being, etc. ; freedom from change firm- ;

adv. —
Consistence, -ency, -en-st, n. State of being, ness of mind, esp. under sufferings, in attachments,
etc.; a combination; firmness; substantiality. or in enterprise; stability; resolution.
Consistory, kon-sis'to-rl, n. solemn assembly or A Constellation, kon-stel-la'shun, n. group of fixed A
council. (Eng. Church.) The spiritual court of a stars; assemblage of splendors or excellencies. [F.
diocesan bishop. (Rom. Cath. Church.) The college L. constellatio, f r. con and Stella, a star.]
of cardinals at Rome. A
church tribunal. [LL. con- Consternation, kon-ster-na'shun, n. Amazement or
sistorium, assembly, place of assembly, fr. consistere. terror that confounds the faculties; horror; amaze-
See Consist.] —
Consisto'rial, -rT-al, a. Pert, to, etc. ment. [F., fr. L. consternare, -natuin, fr. con and
Consociate, kon-so'shT-at, v. t. To associate. v. i. — sternere, to strew.]
To form an association. [L. con and sociare, -aturn, Constipate, kon'stt-pat, v. t. To stop, as a passage, by
to join, unite, fr. socius, a companion.] Conso'cia'- — filling it, and preventing motion through it; to ren-
tio'n, n. Intimate union alliance association a ; ; ; der costive. [L. con and stipare, to cram, pack.] —
union of neighboring churches. Constipa'tion, n. Act of crowding; state of being
Console, ken-sol', v. t. [-soled (-sold'), -soling.] To crowded; condensation; costive ness.
cheer in distress, comfort, soothe. [F. consoler, fr. Constitute, kon'stT-tut, v. t. To cause to stand, es-
L. con and solari, -ntum. to solace.] Consoler, w.— — tablish, enact; to give formal existence to, compose,
Consol'able, a. —
Consola'tion. n. Act of comfort- form ; to appoint, depute, or elect to an office or
ing or state of being comforted; that which com- employment. [L. constitvere, -tutum, to cause to
forts.— Consolatory, -sol'a-to-rT, a. Tending to com- stand together, establish, fr. con and statuere, to set,
fort; pert, to consolation. fr. stare, statuin, to stand.] —
Con'stituter, n.~ Con-
Console, k on 'sol, n. (Arch.) bracket; a projecting A stituent, -u-ent, a. Serving to form, etc. ; compo-
ornament on the keystone of an arch. nent ; elemental ; having power to elect or appoint.
[F., fr. L. con and 'solidus, solid.] — — n. The person or thing which establishes, etc.;
Con'sole-table, n. table whose A component part; element; one who assists to ap-
leaf is supported by brackets. point or elect a representative to an office. Con- —
Consolidate, kon-sol'Y-dat, v. t. To stitution, w. Act of constituting; formation; state
make solid, unite or press together of being natural condition conformation
; ;prin- ;

into a compact mass; to unite, as va- ciples or fundamental laws which govern a state or
rious particulars, into one body, con- other organized body of men ; an authoritative or-
dense, eompress. v. i. To grow— Console, dinance, regulation, or enactment. Constitu- —
firm and hard, unite and become solid. a. Con- — tional, a. Pert, to or inherent in the constitution ;
solidated. [L. con, and solidare, -aturn, to make solid.] in accordance with, or authorized by, the constitu-
— Consol'ida'tion, n. Act of consolidating. (Law.) tion of a government or society ; regulated by, de-
Combination of several actions into one. — Consol - pendent on, or secured by, etc. ; for the benefit of
idativei. -tiv, «. Tending to, etc.; healing.— Gonsol'- the constitution. n.— A
walk or other exercise for
idant, a. Serving to, etc. n. —
medicine that unites A health or the constitution. —
Con'stitu'tional'ity,
and heals wounded
flesh. Consols, kon-solz' or — n. State of being constitutional, or inherent in the
kon'solz, n. pi. The Eng. funded government secu- natural frame; state of being agreeable to the frame
rity, formed by consolidation of different annuities. of government, or authorized by its provisions. —
Consonant, koN-som-ma', n. (Cookery.) broth A made Constitutionally, adv. In accordance with, etc. —
very strong by boiling. [F., p. p. of consommer, to Constitu'tive, -tiv, a. Tending, assisting, or having
consummate, q. v.] power, to constitute or enact.
Consonant, kon'so-nant, a. Having agreement; con- Constrain, kon-stian', v. t. [-strained (-strand'),
gruous; consistent. (Mus.) Harmonizing togeth- -straining.] To secure by bonds, bring into a nar-
er ; accordant. — n. An articulation which is uttered row compass, hold back by force, urge with irresist-
with a more open sound called a vowel; a letter rep- ible power, necessitate. [OF. constraindre, fr. L.
resenting such articulation. [F., fr. L. con and so- con and stringere, striatum, to draw tight. See
nare, to sound.] —
Consonant 'al. a. Pert, to, etc. — Strict.] —Constrain'er, n. —
Constrain'able, a. —
Consonantly, adv. In a consonant, consistent, or Constrainedly, adv. —Constraint, -strant', n. Act
congruous manner. —
Con'sonous, -nus, a. Agreeing of, or state of being, that which constrains
etc. ;

— —
;

in sound symphonious.
; Consonance, -nancy, n. compulsion ; urgency. Constrict', v. t. To draw
(Mus.) A pleasing accord of sounds produced simul- together into a narrow compass, contract, or cause
taneously. Agreement; unison; harmony. to shrink. —
Constricted, p. a. Drawn together;

am. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in, Ice ; odd, tone, 6r
 CONSTRUCT 111 CONTEND
contracted; cramped. {Bot.) Compressed so as to Contact, kon'takt, n. A close union of bodies a ;

be smaller in certain places than in others. Con- — touching or meeting. [L. contingere, -factum, to
atric'tion,**. Act of, or state of being, etc. Con- — touch closely, fr. con and tangere, to touch. See
strictive, -iv, a. Serving to bind. Constrict'or, — Tact, Tangent.] —
Contagion, -ta'jun, n. {Med.)
-?r, n. That which, etc. esp. a serpent which sur- Transmission of disease from one person to another,
rounds its prey with its folds and crushes it.
;

Con- — by contact; a medium or agency to transmit disease;

stringe, -string, v. t. [-stringed (-strinjd'). -strin- pestilential influence act or means of propagating
;

ging.] To draw together, contract.— Constrin'gent, influence or effect. —

Conta'gious, -jus, a. {Med.)
a. Having the quality of contracting. Communicable by contact or approach infectious; ;

Construct, kon-strukf, v. t. To put together the catching. Containing or generating contagion ; pes-
constituent parts of to devise and put in an or- tilential; communicable from one to another. —
derly arrangement.
;

[L. construere, -strvctum, to Conta'giously, adv. Conta'giousness, n. — Con- —

build, construe (a sentence), fr. con and struere, to ta'gionist, n. One who believes in the contagious-
heap up, pile.] —
Con' struct, a. Formed by, or ness of certain diseases. Conta'gium. -jl-nm, n. —
pert, to, construction, interpretation, or inference. Contraction of disease by contact with, or by in-
— Construct'er, n. —
Construc'tion, n. Act of con- halation of germs from/a diseased person. Con- —
structing; act of building, or of devising and form- tig'uous, -u-us, a. In contact near adjoining. :
—
—
;

ing fabrication composition manner of putting

; ; : Contiguously, adv. Contig'uousness, -tigu'ity. n
together the parts of anything. {Gram.) Syntac- State of being, etc. —
Contingent, -jent. a. Liable,
tical arrangement. The method of construing or but not certain to occur dependent on what is un- ;

explaining a declaration or fact understanding ; known incidental easual. {Lav.) Dependent

:

— ; :

interpretation sense.
; Construction or' an equa- for effect on something that may or may not occur.
tion. {Math.) The drawing of such lines and fig- — n. A contingency; what falls to one in an ap-
ures as will represent geometrically the quantities portionment; quota"; proportion. Contingently, —
in the equation, and their relations to each other. adv. —
Contin'gence, -gency, n. Quality of being,
— Construc'tiena!, a. Pert, to construction. Con- — etc.: possibility: casualty: chance.
strue 'tionist, n. One who construes a writing or Contain. kon-tari', v. t. [-tained (-tand')» -TAiinKG.]
public instrument. —
Constructive, -iv, a. Having To hold within fixed limits, comprehend, comprise;
ability to form; derived by interpretation. Con- — to be able to hold, inclose. v.i. To live incon- —
structively, adv. —
Constructlveness, n. Ten- tinence or chastity. [OF. contenir, L. continer*.
dency to, etc. {Phren.) The faculty which leads -tentum, fr. con and'tenere, to hold.] Contain'er, n. —
to the formation of parts into a whole. See Phre- — Containable, a.— Content', a. Having the de-
nology.— Construe, -stroo', v. t. [-strl'ed (-strodd'), sires limited by present enjoyment; satisfied: at
-strui>'G.] To exhibit the construction of, as of a rest. —
v. i. To" satisfy the mind of, appease, please,
sentence or clause to interpret, translate.
; gratify. n. —
Satisfaction moderate happiness ;

—
;

Constuprate, kon'stu-prat, v. t. To violate the person that which contents. Con'tent or Content', «.,
of, ravish. [L. con and stuprare. -pratum, to ravish, gen. in pi. That which is contained; power of con-
fr. ttuprum, rape.] —
Constupra'tion, n. Act of, etc. taining capacity. —
Content'ed, a. Content; satis-
Consubstantial, kon-sTab-stan'shal, a. Having the fied. —
:

Con tent 'edly, adv. Content'edness, n. — —

same substance or essence. [L. con and substantia, Content'ment, n. 'Satisfaction of mind acquies- ;

essence, substance, fr. substare, to be present, exist, cence that which affords satisfaction gratifica-
— — ; ;

fr. sub, under, and stare, to stand.] Consubstan'- tion. Con'tinent, n. {Geog.) One of the large
tiate. -shT-at, v. t. To unite in one common sub- bodies of land on the globe. The main land of Eu-
stance or nature. —
Con'substan tia'tion, n. Iden- rope, as disting. fr. the islands, esp. fr. England. —
tity of substance. (Theol.) The actual presence of a. Restraining the indulgence of desires or pas-
the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sions, esp. as to sexual intercourse temperate :

— —
;

Lord's supper. Consubstan'tialist. -shal-ist, n. A chaste. Continence, -nency, n. Voluntary re-

believer in, etc. —
Con'substan'tiallty, -shi-al'I-tT, straint of one's desires. Con'tinently, adv. Con- — —
n. Coexistence in the same substance. tinent'' al, a. Pert, to a continent, esp. to Europe
Consuetude, kon'swe-tud, n. Habit; custom; usage. as disting. fr. England, or to the Amer. colonies
[L. consuetudo, fr. con and suescere, suetum, to De during the Revolution.
wont.]— Consuetu'dinary, -Y-na-rT, a. Customary; Contaminate, kon-tam'Y-nat, v. t. To soil, stain, or
derived from usage; from time immemorial. corrupt by defiling contact ; to pollute, defile, taint.
Consul, kon'sul, n. One of the 2 chief magistrates — a. Having defilement; corrupt. [L. contaminare,
of the Roman republic, after the expulsion of the nation, fr. coutamen, contagion, fr. con and tangere^
kings one of the 3 supreme magistrates of France
: to touch. See Contact.]— Contam'inable, a.—
from 1799 to 1804 an officer appointed by a govern-
; Contam'ina'tion. n. Act of, etc.: pollution; taint.
ment to protect the interests of its citizens abroad. Contemn, kon-tem', v. t. [-temned (-temd'), -tem-
[L., prob. from eonsulere. See Consult.] Consu- — ning (-tem'ning).] To consider and treat as un-
lar, -lary, -rY, a. Pert, to a consul.— Consulate, n. worthy of regard to reject with disdain, despise,
;

Office, jurisdiction, or residence, of, etc. Con'sul- — scorn. [F. contemner, L. contemnere, -temtuni or
ahip, n. Office, or term of office of, etc. -temptum, fr. con and temnere. to despise.] Con- —
Consult, kon-sult', v. i. To seek opinion or advice, tem'ner, n. —
Contempt', n. Act of, or state of be-
take counsel, deliberate. v. t. —
To ask advice of : ing, etc. {Law.) Disobedience of the rules of a
to decide or to act in favor of to deliberate upon. ; court of justice or legislative body.— Contemptible,
[F. consul ter, L. considtare, -tatum, freq. of eonsulere, a. "Worthy of, etc. abject vile mean base; piti-
: ;

— —
; ;

to consult, consider.] Consulfer, n. —

Consulta /'- — ful. Contempt'ibleness, n. Contemptibly, adv.
tion, n. Act of consulting or deliberating a meet- — Contempt'uous, -u-us, a. Manifesting, etc.: scorn-
ing, esp. of lawyers er of doctors, to consult. Con-
;

— ful: insolent; fastidious. Contempt 'uously. adv. —

sultary, -atory, -a-to-rT, a. Formed by, or result- Contemplate, kon'tem-plat or -tem'plat. v. r. To
ing from, etc. advisory.
: look at on all sides, regard with care, meditate on,
Consume, ken-sum', v. t. [-sumed (-sumd'), -sum- study to have in view, as contingent or probable,
ing.] To destroy, os bv decomposition, dissipation,
;

look forward to, ponder, plan, purpose. r. i. To —

waste, or fire to swallow up, absorb, dissipate.
;
— think studiously, muse, meditate. fL. contzmplart
v. i. To wasie away slowly. [L. con and sumere, -platum, to observe, consider, (prob. used orig. of
sumptum. to take, fr. sub, under, up, and emere, to the augurs observing auspices), fr. con and temjman.
buy.] —
Consum'er. n. Consumable, a. —
Con- — temple. See Consider.] Con'templator, -ter, n.— —
BUmp'tion. n. Act of, or state of being, etc. {Med.) Contempla'tion, n. Act of, etc. — Contemplative,
A gradual decay or diminution of the body esp. a : Pert, or addicted
-tiv, a. to. etc.: studious: thought-
—
disease seated in the lungs, attended with hectic ful having the power of thought or meditation.
— —
:

fever, cough, etc. Consump'tive. -tiv, a. Having Contemplatively, adv. Contem'plativeness^ n.

the quality of consuming destructive affected : Contemporaneous, kon-tem'po-ra'ne-us. a. Living,
—
;

with, or inclined to, consumption. Consump'- acting, or transpiring at the same time contem- :

tively. adv. —
Consumpliveness, ». porary. [L. contemporaneus. fr. con and teinpus,
Consummate, kon'sum-mat or -sum'mat, v. t. To temporis, time.] —
Contem'pora'neously. adv.— Con-
— Cortem'porary,
bring to completion, raise to the highest point or tem'pora'neousness, n. -po-ra-rl,
degree, perfect, achieve.— Consum'mate, a. Carried a. Living, acting, or transpiring at the same time. —
to the utmost extent complete perfect. [L. con- n. One who lives at the same time with another. [L.
—
: ;

swnmare, -rnatvm, fr. con and summa, a sum.] — Con- temporarius, temporary.] Contem'porariness, n.
som'mately, adv. —
Consumma'tion, n. Act of, etc. Contempt, Contemptuous, etc. See under Contem.v.
completion close perfection.
; ; Contend, kon-tend', v. i. To strive in opposition, or

Bi5n, cube, full ; miwn, fot>t : cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNbo.v, chair, get.
 ; — —

CONTENT 112 CONTRIBUTE

in debate, engage in discussion, vie, emulate, dis- til'ity, n. The inherent
quality by which bodies
pute. [F. contendre, L. contendere, fr. con and <en- shrink or contract. — Contrac'tion,
n. Act of, or
dere, tentum, to stretch.] Contend'er, n. — Con- — state of being, etc. (Math.)
Process of shortening
ten' tion, n. A
violent effort to obtain or resist any operation. Anything in a state of abbreviation.
strife in debate struggle quarrel feud compe- (Gram.) The shortening of a word, by uniting con-
tition discord. [F.]
;
;

— ;

Conten'tious, -shus, a. Apt

; ;

current vowels or omitting a vowel or syllable.—

to contend; involving contention; quarrelsome: liti- Contractor, -Sr, n. One who, etc.; esp. one who
gious perverse; peevish.
;
—
Conten'tiously, adv.— contracts to perform work upon specified terms.
Contentiousness, n. Contra-dance, kon'tra-dans, n. A
dance in which
Content, Contentment, etc. See under Contain. partners are arranged in opposite lines, written, —
Conterminate, kon-ter'ml-nat, -minal, -minous, -nus, corruptly, country-dance, [i contre-danse.] .

a. Having the same bounds or boundaries; contigu- Contradict, kon-tra-dikt', v. t. To assert the contrary
ous. [L. con and terminate, -natum, to border upon, of, gainsay, deny; to be contrary to, oppose, [L.
terminus, border.] —
Conter 'minable, a. Capable of contra and dicere, dictum, to speak.] Contradict'- —
being regarded as, etc. er, n.— Contradic'tion, n. An assertion ox the con-
Contest, kon-test', v. t. To make a subject of dispute; trary to what has been said; opposition or repug-
to strive earnestly to maintain; to dispute, contro- nancy; incongruity; contrariety. —
Contradic'tious,
vert, oppose. (Law.) To resist, as a claim, by course -shus, a. Filled with contradictions; inclined to con-
of law. —
v. i. To engage in dispute, strife, ete. to ; tradict. —Contradict 'ive, -iv, a. Contradictory.—
contend, vie, emulate. [F. contester, L. contestari, Contradictory, a. Affirming the contrary; imply-
-tatiis, fr. con and testari, to bear witness, f r. testis, ing denial; inconsistent; repugnant. (Logic.) Op-
a witness.] — Con'test, n. Earnest dispute; strife; posed in every possible respect. n. —
A proposition
combat; battle; debate; difference; strife. Con- — which denies or opposes another in all its terms;
testable, a. —
Contestant, n. One who, etc. Con- — contrariety; inconsistency. —
Contradict 'orily, adv.
testation, n. Act of, etc. — Contradict'oriness, n.
Context, kon'tekst, n. The parts of a discourse which Contradistinguish, kon-tra-dis-tin'gwish, v. t. [-tin-
precede or follow a particular passage. [L. contextus, guished (-gwisht), -guishing.] To distinguish by
a joining together, order, construction, fr. con and contrast. [L. contra and E. distinguish, q. v.] Con'. —
texere, textum, to weave.] —
Contex'ture, -teks'chur, tradistinc'tion, n.— Con'tradistinc'tive, -tiv, a. Dis-
n. Composition of parts; system; texture. Con- — tinguishing by, etc.
tex'tural, a. Pert, to, etc. Contraindication, kon'tra-in-dT-ka'shun, n. (Med.) A
Contiguous, Contingent, etc. See under Contact. symptom or indication that forbids the treatment
Continence, Continent, etc. See under Contain. which the disease might suggest.
Continue, kon-tin'u, v. i. [-tinued (-tin'tid,), -tinu- Contralto, kon-tral'to, n. (Mus.) The part sung by
ing.] To remain in a given place or condition; to the highest male or lowest female voices alto or ;

be permanent or durable, steadfast or constant; to counter-tenor; the voice or singer performing this
endure, last, persevere, persist, stay. v. t. To pro- — part. a. Pert, to, etc. [It. See Alto. 1
long, protract, persist in. [F. continuer, L. continu- Contraposition, kon'tra-po-zish'un, n. placing over A
are, -atum, fr. continuus, holding together, fr. conti- against; opposite position. (Logic.) Conversion in
nere. See Contain.] —
Contin'uer, n.— Contiguous, particular propositions.
-u-us, a. "Without break, cessation, or interruption; Contrapuntal, -ist, etc. See Counterpoint.
constantly prolonged; extended. Contiguously, — Contrary, kon'tia-rT, a. Opposite; different; contra-
adv. — Continuity, n. State of being continuous;
—
dictory; given to opposition; perverse; wayward.
—
uninterrupted connection cohesion. Contin'u- (Logic.) Opposed in quality on\y. n. thing of A
able, a. Capable of being continued.
;

Contin'ual, — opposite qualities; a proposition contrary to another.

a. Proceeding without interruption; very frequent; [OF. contraire (trisyllabic], L. cotitrarius, fr. contra,
often repeated; of frequent recurrence; perpetual; against.] — Con'traries, -riz, n.pl. (Logic.) Propo-
incessant. —
Contin'ually, adv. —
Contin'uance, n. sitions opposed in quality only, but of which the
Permanence, as of condition, habits, abode, etc.; per- falsehood of one does not establish the truth of the
severance; continuation; constant renewal; propa- other. — Contrariety, -ri'e-ti, n. State or quality of
gation.— Contin'uate, v. t. To join closely together. being contrary; something contrary to, or inconsist-
— a. Intimately connected; uninterrupted. Con- — ent with, something else; discrepancy; repugnance.
tin'uator, -ter, n. One who, etc. —
Contin'ua' tion, — Con'trarily, -rl-ll, adv. —
Contrariness, n. —
n. Act of continuing, or the state of being contin- Con'trariwise, -wlz, adv. On the contrary on the ;

ued ; that which extends, increases, supplements, other hand; in a contrary order; conversely.
etc. — Contin'uative, -tiv, n. (Rhet.) A statement Contrast, kon-trast', v. t. To set in opposition, in
expressing permanence or duration. (Oram.) con- A order to show superiority or give effect. v. i. To —
nective; conjunction. stand in opposition; exhibit contrast. [F. contraster,
Contort, kon-tort', v. t. To twist together, writhe. LL. contrastare, fr. L. contra and stare, to stand.] —
[L. can and torquere, tortum x to twist.] Contor'- — Con'trast, n. Opposition of things or qualities; com-
tion, n. A twisting; partial dislocation of a limb. — parison by contrariety of qualities.
Contor'tive, -tiv, a. Expressing contortion. Contrastimulant, kon-tra-stim'u-lant, n. (Med.) An
Contour, kon-toor', n. Bounding line; outline; periph- agent counteracting the effect of a stimulant, esp.
ery. (Mil.) Horizontal outline of ground or works one stimulant which acts as an antidote to another.
«f fortification. [F., fr. contourner, to turn round, — a. Antidotal to or counteracting, etc.
encompass, fr. L. con and tornare, to turn, f r. tornus, Contratenor, kon'tra-ten-gr, n. (Mus.) middle part A
Gr. tornos, a lathe.] between tenor and treble; counter-tenor; contralto.
Contraband, kon'tra-band, a. Prohibited by law or Contravallation, kon'tra-val-la'shun, n. (Fort.) A
treaty; forbidden. —
n. Prohibited merchandise or trench with a parapet, formed by besiegers between
traffic. [F. contrebande, It. contrabbando, prohibited their camp and the place besieged.
goods, fr. contra, against, and bando, LL. bandum, Contravene, kon-tra-ven'. v. t. [-vened (-vend'),
proclamation. See Ban.] —
Contrabandist, n. A -vexing.] To meet in the way or opposition, come
smuggler in time of war. in conflict with, contradict, nullify, obstruct, op-
Contract, kon-trakt', v. t. To draw together or nearer, pose. [LL. contravenire, -ventum, to break a law, fr.
reduce to less compass; to bring on, be liable to; to L. contra and venire, to come.] —
Contraven'er, «.—
make a bargain for; to betroth, affiance. (Gram.) Contraven'tion, -ven'shun, n. Act of, etc.
To unite into one long vowel or diphthong, said — Contraversion. See under Controvert.
of concurrent vowels. v. i. —
To be drawn together Contretemps, koN-tr-toN', n. An unexpected acci-
or reduced in compass; to make an agreement, cov- dent, creating confusion; mishap. [F.; contre (L.
enant, bargain. [F. contractor, L. contrahere, -trac- contra) and temps (L. tempus), time.]
tum, fr. con and trahere, to draw.] Con'tract, n. — Contribute, kon-trib'ut, v. t. To give to a common
An agreement parties, imposing obligations
between stock or for a common purpose. v.i. To give a
and conferring rights upon each; covenant; com- part, furnish a portion, lend assistance. [L. can and
pact; stipulation; obligation; a formal writing con- iribuere, tributum, to pay.] —
Contrib'utor, -tSr, «.—
taining such agreement. (Oram.) word in which A Contrib'utable, a. —
Contribution, n. Act of, etc.;
concurrent vowels are contracted. [F.] Contract- — thing contributed. (Mil.) Imposition levied on a
ed, p. a. Drawn together; narrow. Contract 'edly, — conquered people. (Law.) Payment, by several
adv. —Contract'edness, n.— Contract'ible, -I-bl, a. jointly liable, of their shares of a loss by one of the
Capable of contraction. —
Contract'ibleness, -ibil'- number, or payment by him for all, with reference
ity, n. Quality of being contractible. Contract'- — to their common liability. —
Contrib'utive, -tiv, a.
Ue, -il, -ive, -iv, a. Tending to contract. — Contrac- Tending to contribute; contributory. Contribu- —
te, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, ive, term ; In, lee ; 54d, tSae, or i
 CONTRITE 113 CONVEY
utory, a. Contributing to the same purpose; pro- ing, or that which is, convenient an accommoda-
moting the same end. —
Contribdtary, a. Paying tion. —Con'' vent, n. A community of
;

recluses de-
tribute to the same sovereign. voted to a religious life a body of monks or nuns; ;

Contrite, kon'trTt, a. Broken down with grief or pen- a house occupied by such a community ; abbey ;
itence; repentant; humble; sorrowful. [L. contritus, monastery; nunnery. Conventual, a. Pert, to, etc.
—
—
thoroughly bruised, later, penitent, p. p. oi cotite- Conventicle, -i-kl, n. An assembly, esp. for pub-
rere, fr. con and terere, to rub, grind. See Tkite.J— lic worship. —
Co&ventlcler, -f-klgr, n. One who
Contritely, adv. —
Contritenes3, n. Contri'tion, — supports or frequents, etc. Convenlion, n. Act —
-trish'un, n. State of being contrite; deep sorrow of coining together arbitrary custom usage an ; ; ;

for sin; compunction; seli-reproach; remorse. assembly of delegates for a deliberative purpose;
, an informal or preliminary compact, as between
Contrive, kon-trlv', v. t. [-TEivED( -trivd ),-TKivi.vG.]
To form by exercise of ingenuity, devise, invent,
i

belligerents, etc. —
Conventional, a. Formed by
plan, concert, plot. v. i. —
To make devices, plan. agreement stipulated growing out of, or depend-
;

—
;

[OF. controver, to find, fr. aon and trover (F. trou- ing on, custom sanctioned by usage. Conven-
ver), to find, fr. LL. tropare, to invent, devise.] — ;

tionally, adi .— Conventionality, n. State of being,

GontrivSr, n. —
Contriv'able, a. Contrivance, n. — etc.— Conventionalism, -izm, n. What is estab-
Act of, etc.; thing contrived; an act of cunning; lished by convention or informal agreement. Con- —
scheme; invention; project; artifice; shift. ventionalist, n. One governed by, etc. one who
Control, kon-troK, n. Orig., a register kept to check adheres to a convention or treaty. Conven'tion- — ;

another register that which serves to check, re-

; ary, a. Pert, to a convention.
strain, or hinder; power to check; restraining influ- Converge, kon-vgrjl v. i. [-verged (-vgrjd'), -ver-
ence; direction; superintendence. v. t. [-trolled — ging^] To tend to one point, incline and approack
(-trold'). -trolling.] To restrain, govern, over- nearer together. [L. con and vergere, to turn.] —
power, counteract. [1 ormerly written comptrol and Convergent, a. Converging. Convergence, -gen- —
controul.'] [Corrupt, fr. ME. conter-rolle, OF. contre- cy, -jen-sl, n. Quality of, etc.
rfrie, duplicate roll or register, L. rotulus. See Roll.] Converse, n. and a. See under Convert.
— Controllable, a. — Controller, n. One who, etc. Converse, kon-vers', v. i. [-versed (-vgrsf), -vers-
— Controller, Comptroller, kon-troKer, n. An officer ing.] To keep company, or have familiarity to ;

appointed to keep a counter register of accounts, or commune to talk familiarly, chat. [F. converser,
to control or verify the accounts of other officers. —
;

fr. L. conversari, to live with any one, orig. pass, of

Controllership, Office of, etc.
n. Control'ment, — conversare, to turn round, freq. fr. cow and vertere,
Power
——
n. or act of controlling; state of being, etc. versum, to turn.] Converse, n. Familiarity; talk;
Controversy, konlro-vgr-st, n. Maintenance of opin- conversation. ConversSr, n. ConverSable, a. —
ions discordant with those of others; dispute; de- Qualified for conversation sociable. ConverSa- —
bate; wrangle; quarrel; hostility. [L. controversial bleness, n. —
ConverSably, adv. Conversant, a.
;

—
dispute, fr. contra and vertere, versum, to turn.] — Having customary intercourse familiar by use or ;

Controvert, v. t. To make matter of controversy study; versed; having concern or relation. Con- —
to contend against, contest; to debate, deny. Con'- — ;

versa'' tion, n. Familiar intercourse; close acquain-

troverter, -vertist, -verSialist, -ver'shal-ist, n. One tance informal talk discourse colloquy confer- :

who, etc. a disputant polemic. Controvertible,

: — ;

ence.— Conversa'tional, a. Pert, to, etc.; colloquial.

; ;

a. Capable of being, etc.

;

Controvertlbly, adv. — — Conversalionalist, -tionist, n. One who excels in,

— Controversial, -shal, a. Pert, to, etc.; disputa-
tions. —
Controversially, adv. Controversion, n.
A turning to the opposite side antistrophe.
Contumacy, konlu-ma-sl, n. Persistent obstinacy ;
stubborn perverseness. (Law.) Willful contempt
of, and disobedience to, lawful summons or rules of
etc.— ConverSative, -tiv, a. Relating to intercourse
— with men social. ;
—
Conversazione, kon'var-sat'se-
; o'na, n. ; pi. -oni, -c/ne. meeting or company for A
conversation, esp. on literary subjects. [It.]
Convert, kon-vgrt', v. t. To change from one form,
substance, religion, party, use, etc., to another to ;

court. [L. contumacia, fr. contumax, -macis, stub- turn, transmute, appropriate. v. i. To be turned —
born perh. s. rt. temnere, to contemn.] Contuma- — or changed to undergo a change, be transmuted.
;

cious, -maShus, a. Exhibiting eontumacy con- ;

;

[L. convertere, -versum, to turn round, change.] —

temning authority. (Law.) Willfully disobedient Concert, n. One converted from one opinion or
to summons or orders of a court. Contumacious- — practice to another esp. one who turns from sin to
ly, adv. —Contuma'ciousness, n.
;

holiness; proselyte; neophvte; pervert.— Convert-

Contumely, kon'tu-me-lT, n. Rudeness compounded er, n. One who, etc. (Mech.) retort in which A
of haughtiness and contempt reproach. [F. con- iron is decarbonized and converted into Bessemer
tumelie, L. contumelia ; perh. s. rt. contumax.] Con-
;

— steel. — Convertible, a. Capable of being, etc.

tume'lious, -lt-us, a. Overbearingly contemptuous transmutable transformable; capable of being ex-
insolent reproachful. Contumeliously, adv. — — ; ;

changed or interchanged reciprocal. Convert''- —

;

Contume'liousneBS, n. ibleness. -ibillty, n. — Convertlbly,

;

adv. — Con-
Contuse, kon-tuz'', v. t. [-tcsed (-fuzd'), -tusing.] vertend', n. (Logic.) proposition submitted to A
To beat, pound, or bray together ; to bruise by beat- the process of conversion, or of being made the —
ing. [L. con and tundere, tusum, to bruise, Skr. tud, converse.— Con ' verse, -vers, n. (Logic.)
1
propo- A
to strike.] — ContuSion, -zhun, n. Act of or state sition produced by interchanging the terms of an-
of being, etc. other. (Math.) A
change in the form of a propo-
Conundrum, ko-nun'drum, n. sort of riddle in A sition, inverting its order and making the conclu-
which some odd resemblance between unlike things sion the premise. a. —
Turned about reciprocal.
is proposed for discovery a puzzling question, ;
— Conversely, adv. Conversion, n. Act of — ;

whose answer involves a pun. [Perh. corrupt, of changing from one condition to another transmu- ;

L. conandum, thing to be attempted, fr. conari, to tation change from one side, party, etc., to another.
;

attempt.] (Law.) An appropriation of property. (Logic.)

Conusance, Conusant. Same as Cognizance, etc.
Convalesce, kon-va-les', v. i. [-lesced (-lest'), -les-
CING.] To recover health and strength after sick-
ness. [L. convalescere, fr. con and valere, to be
strong.] —
Convalescence, -sens, -cency, n. Recov-
ery, etc. ; state of a body renewing its vigor after
siexness. —
Convalescent, a. Recovering, etc.
n. One recovering, etc. ConvalesSently, adv.
Convection, kon-vekShun, n. Act or process of con-
Act of interchanging the terms of a proposition.
(Math.) A
change of the form of a proposition.
(Mil.) A change of front. (Theol.) radical A
change of heart or moral character.
Convex, konveks, a. Rising or swelling into a
— rounded form. —
n. A.convex body. See Lens. [L.
—
convexus, fr. convehere, to bring together.] Con'-
— vexly, adv. — ConvexSdness, -vexlty, -vexness, n.
State of being convex exterior surface of a con-
vex body. — ConveV ©-concave, a. Convex on one
;

veying or transmitting. (Physics.) process of A

transmission, as of heat or electricity, by currents in side, and concave on the other.— Convex'o-con'vex,
fluids, [L,. con and vekere, vectum, to carry.] a. Convex on both sides. — Cenvex'o-plane, a. Con-
Convene, kon-ven', v. i.[-vened (-vend''), -vening.] vex on one side, and plane on the other.
To come meet in the same place, assemble, Convey, kon-va', v. t. [-veyed (-vad'), -veying.] To
unite. — together,
To cause
v. t. to assemble, call together, carry from one place to another to transfer to an- ;

convoke ; to summon judicially to meet or appear. other, make over to impart or communicate. [OF.
;

[F. convenir, fr. L. con and venire, ventum, to come.] conveter, convoier, to convey, convoy, eonduct, fr.
— Conven'able, a. — Convener, n. — Convenient, L. con and via, a way.] ConveySr, n. Convey'- — —
-yent, a. Adapted to an end; fit; becoming; afford- ablo, a. —
Conveyance, n. Act of conveying ;
ing convenience ; commodious. — Conveniently, transmission transference instrument or means
; ;

adv.— Convenience, -yens, -iency, n. State of be- of conveying. (Law.) A written instrument by

son, cube, full ; moon, foot ; eow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
8
 — — ;
. —

CONVICT 114 COPPER

which property or title is conveyed from one to an-
other. — Convey 'ancer, n. {Law.) One who draws
up conveyances of property. — Convey'ancing, n. Coomb,
(Law.) Act or practice of, etc. — Convoy', v. t
[-voyed (-void'), -voting.] To accompany for pro-
tection. —
Con' voy, n. Act of, etc.; a protecting
force accompanying ships or property the ship or
fleet protected; property convoyed; a drag or brake
Coop, koop, n. A barrel or cask; a grated box or in-
upon wheels of a vehicle when going down hill.
Convict, kon-vikf, v. t. To prove guilty of an of-
fense charged to pronounce guilty, as by legal
;
decision to show by proof to confute, convince
;
G. kahm, D. kaam, mold gathered on l*fl«ud», F
cambouis, cart-grease.]
Comb, koom, n. A dry measure of 4 hHBhels,
or half a quarter. [AS. cumb, D. kom, G. kum^f, hol-
low vessels, fr. LL. curnba, stone tomb or troueh. Gr.
kumbe, bowl, boat; s. rt. cup.} Coomb, Coombe, —
koom,_ra. A valley on the declivity of a hill. ;
closure forsmall animals, esp. poultry. —
v. t.
[cooped (koopt), cooping.] To confine in a coop,
or in a narrow compass; to crowd, confine, imprison.
[AS. cypa, basket, D. kuip, tub, Ic. kupa, cup, bowl,
;

confound. [L. con and vincere, victum, to conquer.] G. kufe, coop, tub, fr. L. cupa, tub, Gr. kupe, hoie,
— Con'vict, n. One proved guilty of crime male- hut, Skr. kupa, pit, hollow ; s. rt. cup, q. v.] —
factor felon ; criminal.
; Conviction, n. Act of — ;

Cooper, kot>p- or koop'er, n. One who makes barrels,

proving, finding, or adjudging guilty act of con-
vincing of error confutation state of being con-
; tubs, etc.— v. t. To do cooper's work upon.
ery,-i, n. Trade of, etc. — Coop1'- —
; ;
Coop'erage, -ej, n. Price
vinced, esp. of being convicted of sin, or by one's paid for cooper's work; place where cooper's worfi
conscience. —
Convictlve, -iv, a. Fitted to, etc. is done; business of a cooper.
Convince", v. t. [-vinced (-vmsf), -vincing.] To Cooperate, ko-op'Sr-at, v. i. To act or operate jointly
overcome by argument, satisfy by proof, persuade, with another. [L. con and operare, -atum, to work.]
convict. —
Convm'cer, -ser, ». Convin'cible, a. — — — Coop'ora'tion, n. Act of, etc. concurrent effori
;

Convin'cingly, adv. or labor. —

Cooperative, -tiv, a Operating jointly.
Convivial, kon-viv'T-al, a. Relating to an entertain-
ment festal jovial social gay. [L. convivium, a
— Cobp'erator, -tgr, n.
; ;
Coordinate, ko-6r'dt-nat, a. Equal in rank or order;
feast, fr. con and
;

vivere, to live.]
;

— Conviviality, not subordinate. —

v. t. To make coordinate, or
n.
sions.
Good humor
— Conviv'ially,
or mirth attending festive occa-
adv. — equal in rank; to harmonize. —
n. A person or thing
Convive, koN-vev', n. of the same rank with another, pi. (Math.) Lines,
A boon companion. [F.] or other elements of reference, by which the posi-
Convoke, kon-vok', [-voked (-vQkf), -voking.] v. t. tion of a point is defined with respect to fixed lines,
To call together, summon, assemble, convene. [L. or planes, called coordinate axes and coordinate
con and vocare, -catum, to call.] Convocation, n. — planes. [L. con and ordinare, -atum, to arrange.] —
Act of, etc.; assembly or meeting. (Church. ofEng.) Cobr'dinately, adv. — /,
Coor'dina tion, n. State of
A general assembly of the clergy, by their repre- being, etc.; act of harmonizing different parts or ob-
sentatives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. Con- jects. —Cobr'dinative, -tiv, a. (Oram.) Express-
gregation; congress; convention; synod: council. ing orjndicating coordination.
Convolve, kon-volv'', v. t. [-volved (-volvd'), -volv- Coot, koot, n. A
short-tailed water-fowl, frequenting
ing.] To roll or wind together, twist. [L. con and lakes and still waters; a stupid fellow; simpleton.
roloere, volutum, to roll.] — Con'volute, -lut, a. [D. koet, W. cwtiar, lit. bob-tailed hen, fr. cwta,
(Bot.) Rolled together, or one part on another.— docked, and iar, hen, cwtau, to shorten s. rt. cut.~]
Convoluted, a. Curved or rolled together. Con- — Cop, kop, n. The conical ball of thread formed on a
;

volution, «. Act of rolling or winding together, or spindle. [W., a tuft. See Cob.]
one thing on another; state of being, etc. Convol- — Copaiba, kc-pa'ba, -va, -va, n. (Med.) A
resinous juice,
vulus, n. ; pi. -vuli, -vu-li. (Bot.) A genus of of a bitterish, pungent taste, from a tree of Spanish
plants comprising many species bind-weed. [L.] ; America. [Sp. and Pg., fr. Brazil. cupauba.~]
Convoy. See under Convey. Copal, ko'pal, n. A
resinous substance from 2 East
Convulse, kon-vuls', v.t. [-vulsed (-vulsf), -vulsing.] India and S.Amer. trees —
used in manufacture of
To draw or contract violently and irregularly, as varnishes. [Sp., fr. Mexican copalli, resin.]
the muscular parts of the body; to agitate, disturb, Copang, ko'pang, n. A
Japanese gold coin, worth
rend. [L. con and vellere, vulsum, to pluck.] Con- — nearly $11.
vul'sion, -shun, n. (Med.) Unnatural contraction Coparcenary, ko-par'se-na-rT, n. (Law.) Partnership
of the muscular parts. Any violent and irregular in inheritance; joint heirship. [See Parcenary.] —
motion commotion ; disturbance spasm.
; Con- ; — Copar'cener, n. A joint heir. —
Copar'ceny, -nT, n.
vulsive, -6iv, a. Producing, or attended with, etc. An equal share of an inheritance.
— Convulsively, adv. Copartner, ko-part'ner, n. A joint partner; associate;
Cony, ko'nl or kun'Y, n. rabbit. [Peril. E. D. A ; —
partaker. Copartnership, n. Joint interest or con-
konijn, Dan. kanin, G. kaninchen, rabbit ; perh. fr. cern; an unincorporated business association.
OF. connil or connin, fr. L. cuniculus, rabbit, Skr. Cope, kop, n. A covering for the head; anything ex-
khan, to dig.] tended over the head, as the vault of the sky; a
Coo, koo, v. i. [cooed (kood), cooing.] To make a sacerdotal cloak. (Founding.) The top part of a
low sound, as pigeons. [Onomat.] flask. [Variation of cape, q. v.] —
Copying, n. (Arch.)
Cook, kdek, v. t. [cooked (kot»kt), cooking.] To The highest course of masonry in a wall. Cope'- or —
prepare, as food for the table, by boiling, roasting, Coping-stone, n. Head or top stone, in a wall, etc.
baking, broiling, etc. to concoct, tamper with, alter. Cope, kop, v. i. [coped (kept), coping.] To strive,
— v. i. To prepare food for the table. n. One
;

— contend, esp. on equal terms or with success; to

•who, etc. [AS. coc, fr. L. coquere, to cook, coquus, match, equal. v.t. To match one's self against.
a cook.] —
Cook'ery, -er-T, n. Art or practice of, etc. [D. koopen, to buy, bargain; 6. rt. AS. ceapian, to
Cooky, kotrtc'I, n. A
small, thin, sweet cake. [D. koek, cheapen. See Cheap.]
cake, dim. koekje.] Copeck, -pek. See Kopeck.
Cool, kool, a. Moderately cold producing coolness ; ; Copernican, ko-pSr'nl-kan, o. Pert, to Copernicus,
calm, or free from excitement by passion dispas- ; a Prussian astronomer who taught the solar system
sionate; self-possessed manifesting coldness or dis- ; now received.
like; chilling negligent of propriety in minor mat- Copier. See under Copy.
ters ; impudent. n.
;

—
moderate state of cold. A — Copious, ko'pT-us, a. Large in quantity or amount;
o. t. [cooled (koold), cooling.] To make cool or abundant; rich; full; exuberant. [OF. copieux, L.
cold to moderate the excitement of to allay, as
; ; copiosus, fr. copia, plenty; prob. fr. con and rt. of
passion to calm, moderate.
; v. i. To become less opes, riches.] — Co'piously, adv. — Copiousness, n.
hot ; lose heat to become less ardent or more mod- Copper, kop'pgr, n. A metal of reddish color, duetile,
;

erate. [AS. col, D. koel, Dan. kbl, G. kuhl] CeoK- — malleable, and tenacious; acoin, also a vessel, esp.
er, n. That which cools or abates heat or excite-
— a boiler, made of copper. —
v. t. [coppered (-p?rd),
ment; a vessel in which liquors, etc., are cooled. -pering.] To cover or sheathe with copper. [D.
Cool'ish, a. Somewhat cool. Cool'ly, adv. In a — koper, G. kupper, F. cuivre, LL. cuper, L. cuprum
teool manner. —
Cool'ness, n. State of being cool (contr. fr. Cupriwn ass, Cyprian brass), fr. Gr. kup-
moderate cold; want of ardor, zeal, affection, etc. rios, pert, to Cyprus, whence the Romans got cop-
calmness; indifference. Cool'-headed, a. Having —
;

per.] —Cop'permg, n. Act of covering with, or a

a temper not easily excited free from passion. covering of, etc.— Cpp'perish, -pery, -T, a. Contain-
Cooly, -lie, koo'lT, n. An East Indian porter; a la-
;

ing or like, etc. —

Cop'per-head, n. A poisonous
borer transported from the East, for service else- American serpent, which gives no warning of its at-
where.
Cocm. koom,
[Hind, and Tartar
boxes
n. Dirty, refuse matter, as that in
kuli, laborer.] tack. —
plate, n. An engraved plate of polished
copper; a print from such a plate. smith, w. One ——
of carriage-wheels or at the mouth of ovens. [Cf who manufactures copper utensils. worm, n. A
km, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve. term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, dr i
 COPPICE 115 CORN
small worm, which penetrates the bottoms of ships; wood, or iron, often carved in the s-f^-^j,
the ring-worm. —
Cop'peras, n. Sulphate of iron, or form of a basket, head, etc., pro-
green vitriol; a green salt, of a styptic, astringent jecting from a wall to support a
taste. [OF. eoperose, perh. f r. L. cupri rosa, copper- cornice, parapet, end of an arch,
rose; cf. Gr. chalkanthos, copperas, lit. brass-flower.] or other structure or mass the
;

Coppice, kop'pis, Copse, kops, n. A

wood of small vase or tambor of the Corinthian
|| J

growth; underwood; brushwood. [OF. copeiz, newly column; a niche. —

Cor'bel, v. t. Corbel.
cut wood, fr. coper, to cut, fr. cop (F. coup), a blow, To furnish with corbels. [OF. cor-
stroke, LL. colpus, L. colaphus, Gr. kolaphos, a blow.] bel, F. corbeau, fr. It. & LL. corbella, little basket, dim.
— Copse, v. t. To trim or cut, as brushwood. fr. L. corbis, basket; also F. corbeille, fr. L. corbicula.]
Coprollte, kop'ro-llt, n. (Geol.) Petrified dung of ani- Cord, kord, n. A string, or small rope; a solid meas-
mals. [Gr. kopros, dung, and lithos, stone.! —
Cop- ure, equivalent to 128 cubic feet; a pile 8 ft. long, 4
rolalia, a.— Copropb/agous, -rof'a-gus, a. Feeding ft. high, and 4 ft. broad, —orig. measured with a
on dung. [Gr. pkagein, to eat.] — Copropb/agan, n. cord. — v. t. To bind with a cord; to pile up, as
A beetle which lives upon the dung of animals. wood, for sale by the cord. [F. corde, LL. cord a,
—
Copt, kopt,n. A descendant of the ancient Egyptians; L. chorda, cord, Gr. chorde, string, orig. of gut.]
an Egyptian Christian, esp. of the ancient Mono- Cord'age, -ej, n. Ropes or cords,— used collectively.
physite church. [Ar. kibti, pi. kibt,an Egyptian.] — — Cordelier, kord'le-a or kor de-ler', n. One of
Cop'tic, o. Pert, to, etc. — n. The language of, the religious order of St. Francis; a Gray friar; one
etc. of a violent Jacobin party during the French Revo-
Copula, kop'u-la, n. (Logic.) The word uniting the lution. [F., a twist of rope.] —
Cordeliere, -lyar'', n.
subject and predicate of a proposition. [L., for co- A black, Knotted silk handkerchief. [F.] —Cordon,
apula, It. con and rt. of apere, to join, Gr. haptein.] kdr'doN or kSr'don, n. A ribbon borne as a badge
— Cop'ulate, -lat, i>. t. To unite in sexual embrace. of honor. (Arch.) The edge of a stone on the out-
(L. copidare, -latum, fr. copula.} —
Copula'tion, n. side of a building. (Fort.) The projecting coping
Act of coupling; coition.— Cop'ulative, -tiv, a. Serv- of the scarp-wall. (Mil.) A series of military posts.
ing to couple. (Gram.) Uniting the sense as well as [F.] — Corduroy, kor'du-roi, n. A thick cotton stuff,
the words. —
n. (Gram.) A copulative conjunction. corded or ribbed on the surface. [Prob. for F. corde
— Cop'ulatory, -to-rt, a. Pert, to, etc. copulative. ; du roi, king's cord.] Corduroy road. A
roadwav
Copy, kop'T, n. A writing like another writing; trans- having logs laid side by side across it, as in marshy-
script; book printed according to the original; one places, — so called from its ribbed surface.
of a series of repetitions of an original work. (Print.) Cordate, kSr'dat, -dated, a. (Bot.) Having the form
Manuscript, etc., for the compositor. Anything to
— of a heart. [OF. and L. cor, heart.] —
Cbr'dately,
be imitated a model ; pattern.
; v. t. [copied adv. In a cordate form.— Cordial, kSr'dt-al or k&r'-
(kop'id), copying.] To write, print, engrave, etc., jal, a. Proceeding from the heart; hearty; sincere;
after an original; to imitate, transcribe, model after. affectionate; tending to revive, cheer, or invigorate.
— v. To do a thing in imitation of something else.
i. — n. Anything that comforts and exkilarates. (Med. )
[F. copie, copy, also abundance, f r. L. copia, plenty. That which invigorates, esp. medicine which does
See Copious.] —
Copier, -yer, -T-Sr, -yist, n. One so. (Com.) Aromatized spirit, employed as a bever-
— —
who, etc.; a plagiarist. Cop'y-book, n.
containing copies for learners to imitate.
book
hold, n.
(Eng. Law.) A tenure of estate by copy of court
—A age. [F.] Cordiality, n. Sincere affection and
kindness; warmth of regard; heartiness.
ally, adv. — Cor'dialness, n.
—
Cor'di-

——
hold'er, n. One pos-
roll; land held in copy-hold.
sessed of land in copy-hold. Cop'ying-press, n. A
machine for taking, by pressure, a copy of manu-
script recently written. —
Cop'yright, -rlt, n. An
author's exclusive right to print, publish, and vend
his own works, for his own benefit, during a certain
time. —v. t. To secure by copyright, as a book.
Coquette, ko-kef, n. A
vain, trifling woman, who en-
deavors to attract admiration, and gain matrimonial
offers, intending to reject her suitor. [F., fem. of
coquet (dim. of cog), a little cock, i. e. vain as a cock,
strutting.] —
Coquet', v. t. To attempt to attract
notice, admiration, or love, with a view to disap-
point. —
v.i. To trifle in love. [F. eogweter-.]
quefry, -rt, w. Affectation of amorous advances;
trifling in love. [F. coquetterie.] —
Coquet' tish, a.
Practicing coquetry; befitting a coquette.
Coquina, ko-ke'na, n. A soft whitish stone, formed
of shells, found in Florida, etc. [Sp^, shell-fish.]
Coracle, kor'a-kl, n. A
boat used in Wales, made by
covering a wicker frame with leather or oil-cloth.
[W. corwgl. dim. of corwg, a trunk, carcase, cwrwg,
frame, boat.)
Coracoid, kor'a-koid, n. (Anat.) A
small, sharp pro-
cess of. the shoulder-blade, shaped like a crow's
beak. —a. Shaped like a crow's Deak. [Gr. korax,
crow, and eidos. form.]
Coral, kor'al, n. The solid secretion of zoophytes,
produced within the tissues of the polyps, consist-
ing almost purely of carbonate of lime; a piece of
coral; spawn of the lobster, which has the color of
coral. TOF.; ~L.corallum or -Hum, Gr. korallion.]
Cor'alline, -tin. a. Consisting of, like, or contain-
ing coral.— n. (Bot.) A
submarine, calcareous plant,
consisting of many-jointed branches, resembling
moss; a piece of certain minute corals, growing in
moss-like form; a red coloring matter obtained by
treating phenol with sulphuric and oxalic acids.
Cordovan, kor'do-van, n. Spanish leather, or goat-
skin tanned and dressed; cordwain. [Sp., from Cor-
dova, or Cordoba.] — Cordwainer, kSrd'wan-er, n.
A worker in cordovan leather; shoemaker. [E. cord-
wain, corrupt, of Cordovan.]
Core, kor, n. An ancient Hebrew dry measure: a
homer. [Heb. cor. J
Core, kor, n. The heart or inner part of a thing, esp.
of fruit. (Founding.) The internal mold which
forms a hollow in casting. —v. t. [cored (kord),
coring.] To take out the core or inward parts of.
[OF. and L. cor, heart.] —
Cor'er, n.
Corespondent, ko-re-spond'ent, n. A
joint respond-
Co- — ent; one associated with another in a suit, as in an
action of crim. con.
Coriaceous, ko-rl-a'shus, a. Consisting of or resem-
bling leather; leathery. [L. corium, leather.]
Coriander, ko-rT-an'der, n. A
plant whose seeds are
considered in medicine as stomachic and carmina-
tive. [F. coriandre, L. coriandrum, Gr. koriannon,
fr. korts, bug, fr. the bug-like smell of the seeds.]
Corinthian, ko-rin'thY-an, a. Pert, to Corinth. (Arch.)
Pert, to the Corinthian order of architecture, pro-
fusely ornamented. See Capital.
Cork, k6rk, n. The outer bark of the cork tree, of
which stoppers are made; a stopper for a bottle, jug,
—
etc. v. t. [corked (k6rkt), corking.] To stop
or furnish with cork. [Sp. corcho, D. kurk, Dan.
and Sw. kork, f r. L. cortex, -ticis, bark.] —
Corked,
k6rkt, a. Tasting of the cork, —
said of wine. —
Cork'y, -Y, a. Of or pert, to, etc. —
Cork'-jacket. n.
— A jacket having pieces of cork inclosed within can-
vas, used to aid in swimming, —
-screw, n. A
screw for drawing corks from bottles.
Cormorant, kdr'mo-rant,
n. A voracious web-
footed sea-bird, of the
— pelican family a glut-
;

Cor'alloid, -loidal, a. Formed or branching like, ton, or gluttonous ser-

etc. [Gr. eidos, form.] vant. [F. cormoran, fr.
Corb, k6rb, n. A basket used in coaleries. (Arch.) An Sp. cuerro marino, L.
ornament in building; corbel. [L. corhis, basket.] corvus marinus, sea-
Corban, kor'ban, n. An alms-basket. (Jewish Antiq.) crow.]
An offering or sacrifice devoted to God; vow by Corn, k6rn, n. Asingle
which one bound himself not to give to, or receive seed of certain plants,
from another, some particular object. [Heb. qorban, as wheat, rye, barley,
offering to God, Ar. qurban, sacrifice, victim.] — and maize; a grain; the ^^g|$5^>w^
Corb, n. Alms-basket. various cereal or fari-
Corbeil Corbel, k&r'bel, n. (Arch.) A bmeket of stone, naceous grains growing Cormorant.

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiuen, boNboN, chair, get.
 ' ; —

CORN 116 CORRECT

is ears, and used for food
in Scot., oats ; in the
; around a luminous body, as the sun or moon; a
U. S., maize, or Indian corn ; plants which produce phase of the aurora borealis, formed by convergence
corn ; a small, hard particle ; a grain. v. t. — of luminous beams around a point in the heavens.
[corned (k6md), corning.] To preserve with [L., garland, wreath, fr. Gr. korone, curved end of a
salt in grains, cure by 6alting to form into small
; bow, koronis, -nos, curved.] —
Cor'onal, a. Pert, to
grains, granulate to feed with grain ; to render the kingly crown, or to coronation, or to the crown
intoxicated.
;

[AS.; Ic, Dan., Sw., G. korn; L. or top of the head, or (Astron.) to the corona. ». —
granum.] —
Corn'y, -T, n., Producing or containing, A crown garland the frontal bone. Cor'onary,
; —
etc. ; tasting well of malt. Corn'-broom, n. — A
;

-na-rY, a. Pert, to, or resembling a crown. n. A

broom made from the tops of sorghum or broom- small bone in a horse's foot. —
Corona'tion, n. Act
corn, whose stalks resemble Indian coin.
The spike on which the kernels of Indian corn
cob,n. — or solemnity of crownimg a sovereign. Cor'oner,
n. An officer of the law appointed to inquire into
—
grow. cock ie, n. A
weed having bright flowers. the manner of a violent death. [LL. coronator, lit.
— crake, n. A bird frequenting corn-fields, the
shelPer, n. One who, or a machine
one who crowns.] —
Cor'onet, n. An
inferior crown worn by noblemen an

——
land-rail. ;

which, separates kernels from the cob. shuck, n. ornamental head dress. (Far.) The
The husk covering Indian corn. starch, n. A upper part of a horse's hoof. [F., dim.
preparation fr. maize used in puddings, custards, of OF. corone, crown.] Coro'iiis, n. —
etc. (Gr. Gram.) A
sign of contraction [']
Corn, k6rn, n. A
hard, horn-like induration of the placed over a word.
skin, esp. on the [F. come, LL. corna, fr. L.
toes. Corporal, kSr'po-ral, n. (Mil.) The low- Coronet,
cornu, horn; s. rt. horn.] —
Cor'neous, -us, a. Horn- est officer ot an infantry company. (Naut.) An
like of a horny substance. —
Corn'y, -T, a. Strong, officer under the master at arms. [Corrupt, fr. F.
;

stiff, or hard, like a horn. —

Cor'nute, -nuted, a. caporal, It. caporale, a chief, corporal, LL. capora-
Grafted with horns ; horn-shaped. lis, commander, r. It.
f capo, L. caput, head.] Cor'- —
Cornea, kSr'ne-a, n. (Anat.) The strong, horny, poralship, n. Office of, etc.
transparent membrane forming the front part of Corporal, kdr'po-ral, a. Pert, to the body having a ;

the eye ball. See Eye. [L., fr. conm.] body or substance; not spiritual; material; bodily.—
Cornel, kSr'nel, n. A shrub and its fruit dog-wood. ; n. (Eccl.) A
linen cloth, to cover the elements in
cornille, LL. corniola, L. cornus, fr. cornu, horn, the eucharist. [F. corporel, L. corporalis, bodily, fr.
IF.
lecause of the_h:iidness of the wood.] L. corpus (OF. corps, cors), body.] CorporaKity, n. —
Cornelian, kSr-neKyan, n. A kind of chalcedony. State of being, etc. —
Cor'porally, adv. Corpo- —
[Often spelled carnelian.] [F. cornaline, Pg. corne- rate, a. United in an association, and endowed by
lina, It. corniola, G. carneol,ii.Li. cornu, horn, from law with rights and liabilities of an individual in-
pert, to a corporation. — Cor'porately,
;

its semi-transparent, horny appearance.] corporated

corporate capacity. — Corporation, n.
;

Corner, kdr'ner, n. The point where converging lines adv. In a

meet angle space between converging lines or
; ; A body politic or corporate, authorized to act as a
walls which meet; an inclosed or retired place a single person, and with the capacity of a perpetual
part; an embarrassed position. {Stock Exchange.)
;

succession. — Corporator, n. A
member of a cor-
The condition of a stock or commodity when a poration. — Corpo / real, a. Having a body; consist-
future delivery, in excess of the amount in the ing of/r a material body or substance ; material. —
market, has been undertaken by parties who are Corpo really, adr. —
Corpo'real'ity, -re'ity, n.
therefore compelled to settle with the buyers at ficti- Materiality.— Corpo'realism, -izm, n. The doctrine
tious rates; a scarcity of a commodity, created for the that body is the only real existence materialism.
purpose of increasing profits. v. t. —
[cornered — Corpo'realist, n. One who denies the reality of
;

(-nerd), -nering.J To drive into a corner, or into a spiritual existences ; a materialist. —

Corps, kor, pi.
position of difficulty or necessary surrender to korz, n. sing. & pi. A
body of men, esp. of troops ;
get ccntrol of, —
said of stocks. [OF. cornier, LL.
;

an organized division of an army. —

Corps-d'armee,
corneria, corner, angle; akin to L. cornu, horn, pro- kor /
dar / /',
A
ma n. portion of a grand army possessed
jecting point.] —
Cornerstone, n. The stone at the of all constituents of an independent army. [F.,
corner of two walls, uniting them esp. the stone at ; body of the army.] —
Corpse, k6rps, Corse, k6rs, n.
Corner of the foundation ot an edifice that which The dead body of a human being.— Corselet, n. A
—
;

is indispensable. Cor'nerwise, a/lv. Diagonally; light breastplate. (Entom.) The part of a winged
with the corner in front; from corner to corner. insect answering to the breast of other animals. [F.]
Cornet, kSr'net, n. (Mus.) A
wind instrument blown — Cor r s9t, n. An article of women's dress, inclos-
with the mouth a species of trumpet a certain ; ing the waist; stays. v. t. —
To inclose in, etc.
—
;

organ stop or register. A cap of twisted paper, used [F.] Cor'sage, -sej, n. The boddice of a woman's
by grocers. (Mil.) The standard-bearer in a caval- dress. [F.] —Corpulent, a. Having an excessive
ry troop. [F., dim. of come, L. cornu, horn.]— Cor r- quantity of flesh; fat; pursy; obese. [F.; L. corpu-
netcy, -sT, n. Office of a cornet. Cor'net-a-pis'-— tentus.] — Cor'pulently, adv. —
Corpulence, -lency,
ton, n. A brass wind instrument, like the French -sX.n. Fatness. —
Corpus Chris'' ti, -kris'ti. (Eccl.)
horn, with valves moved by pistons. [F.] A festival of the church of Rome, kept on Thursday
Cornice, kdr'nis, n. (Arch.) A
molded projection after Trinity Sunday, in honor of the eucharist.
finishing the part to which it is affixed. [OF. and [L., body of Christ.] —
Corpuscle, kfrKpus-l, n. A
It.; LL. cornice, -ids, fr. LL. coronix, frame, Gr. kor- minute particle, or physical atom. (Anat.) An ani-
enis, cornice, lit. crooked s. rt. L. corona, q. v.]
; mal cell. [L. corpusculum, dim. of corpus.'] Cor- —
Cornish, kdrn'ish, a. (Geog.) Pert, to Cornwall, puscular, -la'rian, a. Pert, to, or composed of,
Eng. —
n. The dialect or people of, etc. etc. — Corpus'cule, n. A
corpuscle.
Cornucopia, kSr-nu-ko'pT-a, n. ; pi. -vije, -pT-e. The Corposant, kSr^po-zant, n. A
flame-like appearance
horn of plenty, overflowing with fruits and flowers, seen at the mast-head and yard-arms of ships on
— an emblem of abundance. [L. cornu, horn, and tempestuous nights. _ [It. corpo santo, holy body.]
copia, plenty.] Corradiate, kor-ra'dt-at, v. t. To concentrate to one
Corol, kor'ol. Corolla, ko-T.l'la. n. (Bot.) The inner point, as light or rays. [L. con and radiare, -atian,
part of a flower, surrounding the organs of to radiate, q. v.] —
Corra / dia /'tion, n.
fructification and composed of leaves, Corral, kor'ral, n. A
yard or inclosure, esp. for cat-
called petals. [L., a little crown, garland, tle, etc. [Sp., fr. corro, a ring, circle, fr. L. currere,
dim. of corona, q. v.] —
Cor'ollate, dated, to run.] — Corral', v. t. To surround and inclose ;
a. Like, or having, corollas. Cor'ollary, — to pen, as cattle.
-la-rT, n. That which follows over and Correct, kor-vekf, a. Conformable to truth, recti-
above a proposition demonstrated; an in- tude, propriety, etc. ; free from error accurate ex- ;

—
;

ference; deduction; consequence. [L. cor-
ollarium, a present of a garland, hence a
gratuity, additional inference.]
Corona, ko-ro'na, n. ; pi. -km, -ne. (Arch.
A large, flat member of a cornice. (Anat.
The upper surface, as of a tooth. (Astron.) Corolla
A luminous appearance surrounding the
moon during a total eclipse of the sun. "' I"r*y
(Bot.) A crown-like margin of the top of ?„•„„,'
a flower an appendage at the top of „' Awi
:
act ; regular. v. t. To make or set right ; to bring
to the standard of truth, justice, etc. ; to reprove or
punish for faults; to obviate or remove, counteract
or change, rectify, emend, punish, chasten. [L. cor-
rigere, -rectum, fr. con and regere, to lead straight.]
— — —
Correct'ly, adv. Corrector, -er, n. Correct-
___„. ness, n. — Correction, n. Act of correcting; emen-
dation of errors; change for the better, amendment;
punishment; discipline; what is substituted in the
place of what is wrong; counteraction of what is in-
—

some petals or seeds. (Meteorol. ) A circle, peiaiea. convenient. House of correction. A

house where

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare : end- eve, tSrm ; Tn, ice ; 8d.d, tone, 6r
 C0RHELAT3 117 COSMOS
disorderly persous are confined: a bridewell. Cor- — A membrane covering any part of the body. [L.] —
rec'tloaal, -rec'tive, -tiv, a. Tending, or having Cor'tical, -ti-kal, a. Pert, to, consisting of, or re-
power, to corrtot.— Correc'tive. n. That which has, sembling, bark or rind; external. —
Cor'ticate, -ca-
etc.— Correc'tively, adi Corrigendum, -rf-jen'-
. — ted, a. Having or resembling, etc. Corticifonn, —
dum, n. ; pi. -genda, -da. word or thing to be A -tis'Y-iorm, a. Resembling bark. [L. forma, formT]
corrected. [L., fut. pass. p. of corr ige re. ] Cor 'ri- — — Cor'ticose, -kos, -cous, -kus, a. Resembling or
gible, -ri-jY-bl, a. Capable of being, etc.; deserving —
made of bark. Cor'ticine, -tl-sin, n. carpeting A
chastisement. —
Cor'rigibleness, n. material made of ground cork and India rubber.
Correlate, kor-re-lat', v. i. To have reciprocal or mu- Corundum, ko-run'dum, n. (Jlin.) The earth alumina,
tual relations; to be mutually related. v. t. To — as found in a crystalline state. [Hind, kurand.]
bring into mutual relation to make, or regard as, ; Coruscate, kor'us-kat or ko-rus'kgt, v. i. To throw
coincident. [L. con and E. relate, q. v.] Correla'- — off vivid flashes of light; to glitter, gleam, sparkle.
tion, n. Reciprocal relation. Correlative, -tiv, a. — [L. coruscare, -catum, to vibrate, glitter; perh. s. rt.
Having or indicating, etc. reciprocal. a. One ; — L. currere, to run.]— Corus'cant, a. Flashing.
who, or that which, stands in a reciprocal i-elation to Corusca'tion, a. A flash of light or of intellectual
ume other. (Gram.) The antecedent of a pronoun. brilliancy; blaze; radiation.
— Correl'atively, adv. Corvet, k6r'vet, Corvette, kor-vef, n. ( Xaut.) A sloop
Correspond, kor-re-spond r v. i. To be adapted, be
, of war, ranking below a frigate, and carrying not
Congruous to have intercourse or communication,
; more than 20 guns. [F. corvette, Sp. and Pg. corveta,
esp. by letters to agree, fit, write. [L. con and E.
; corvette, fr. L. corbita, a ship of burden, fr. corbis,
respond, q. v.] —
Correspond'ent, a. Having or in- basket.]
dicating correspondence suitable congruous; con- Corvine, kor'vin, a. Pert, to the crow or raven. [L.
formable. n.— ;

One who corresponds one with

;

corvus, crow.] ;

whom intercourse is carried on by letters. Corre- —

Corybant, kor'T-bant, n. E. pi. -bants: L. pi. -ban- ,•

pond'ently, -ingly, adv. In a corresponding man- tes, -tez. priest of Cybele. [Gr. korubas, -bantos.] A
ner; suitable. —
Correspondence, -ency, n. Mutual Coryban'tic, a. Madly excited, like priests of Cy- —
adaptation of one thing to another congruity fit- bele, when celebrating Her rites.
: ;

ness friendly intercourse esp. by letters letters

; ; Corymb, kor'imb, n. (Bot.) An inflorescence, in which
;

between correspondents. —
Correspon'sive, -siv, a. the lesser flower-stalks rise to the same height, form-
Answerable adapted. ; ing an even surface. [L. corymbus, Gr. kontmbos.] —
Corridor, kor'rY-dor, n. (Arch.) passage-way to A
Corymbose, ko-rim'bos or kor'-, a. Consisting of,
apartments independent of each other. [F. It. cor- or resembling, etc. ;

rxdore, fr. correre, L. currere, to run.] Corypheus, kor'T-fc'us, n. The chief or leader of a
Corrigendum, Corrigible, etc. See under Correct. Greek dramatic chorus any chief or leader. [L. ;

Corrival, fcor-ri'val, n. A
fellow-rival competitor cori/phseus, Gr. koruphaio?, fr. koruphe, head.]
;

—
;

co-rival. a. Having opposing claims; emulous. Co-secant, ko-se'kant,7i. (Geom.) p

Corroborate, kor-rob'o-rat, v. t. To make more cer- The secant of the complement n
tain, confirm. [L. con and roborare, to strengthen, of an arc or angle. In the fig-
fr. robwr, hard wood. See Robust. ]— Corroborant, a. ure, is the secant of the AD
Strength-giving: confirming. n. (Med.) A medicine arc CE, and the co-secant of
which, etc. —
CorroVora'tion, n. Act of, or state the complement of that arc, or
of being, etc. confirmation. Corroborative, -tiv, —BE. [For co. secans comple- =
;

a. Corroborating confirmatory. ; n. corrobo- —

menti secans, secant of the com- A
rant. —
Coi-rob' oratory, -to-rY, a. Corroborative. plement. See Secant.] Co'- Co-secant, Co-tan- —
Corrode, kor-rod', v. t. To eat away or consume by de- sine, -sin, n. The sine of the gent,
grees; to canker, gnaw, rust, wear away. [F. corroder, complement of an arc or angle.
fr. L. con and ro-lere, rosum, to gnaw.* See Rodent.] In the figure, BF is the sine of the arc CF, and the
— Corrod'ent, a. Any substance that corrodes. co-sine of EF, the complement of that arc. [For co.—
Corrodlble. -ro'sible, a. Capable of being, etc. sinus. See Sine.]— Co-tan'gent, n. —
Corro'sion. -zhun, n. The eating away by "slow de- The tangent of the complement of
grees, as by the action of acids on metals.
sive, -siv, a. Eating away having the power of
gradually wearing, consuming, or impairing acri-
monious; fretting or vexing.
— n.
Corro''-

That which, etc.

Corrosive sublimate. Bi-chloride of mercury, a
;
an arc or angle. In the figure, CD
is the tangent of the arc CE, and
the co-tangent of EB, the comple-
—
ment of that arc. [For ro. tangens.
See Tangent.]
—
:

Co-sine.
za
virulent acrid poison. —
Corro'sively, adv.— Corro''- Cosey, Cosily. See Cozy.
iveness, n. Cosmetic, koz-mct'ik, -ical. a. Improving beauty,
Corrugate, kor'roo-gat, v. t. To form or shape into esp. of the complexion. Cosmetic, n. An exter- —
wrinkles or folds. a. —
Shaped into wrinkles; fur- nal application, to improve the complexion. [F.
rowed; contracted. [L. con and rvgare, to wrinkle, cosmetique, fr. Gr. kosmetikos, skilled in decorating,
fr. ruga, wrinkle.] —
Corruga'tion, n. A contrac- fr. kosmos. See Cosmos.]
tion into wrinkles. —
Cor'rugant, a. Able to, etc. Cosmos, koz'mos, n. The universe, so called from —
Corrupt, kor-rupt'', v. t. To change from soundness its perfect arrangement; the system of law, har-
to putrescence; to putrefy; to change from good to mony, and truth combined within the universe.
bad, vitiate, debase, entice, bribe. v. i. To be- —
[Gr. kosmos, order, also, the world, universe.] Cos''- —
come putrid or tainted, rot; to become vitiated, lose mic, -mical, a. Pert, to the universe, ana having
purity. —
a. Changed, etc.; spoiled; tainted; de- reference to universal law or order; pert, to the solar
praved; perverted. [L. con and rumpere, ruptum, to system as a whole. (Astron.) Rising or setting with
break in pi?ces. See Rupture.] Corruptly, adv. —
the sun; not acronycal. Cos'micaUy, adv. With —
— Corrupt'er, n. —
Corruptible, a. Capable of the sun at rising or setting. CosmogOny, -nl, n. —
being, etc. n.— That which may dec iv and perish; Science of the formation of the world or universe.
the human body. /
—
Corrupt 'ibleness! -ibil'ity, n. [Gr. genein, to bring forth.] CosmogOnist, n. One —
Susceptibility of'corruption. Corruptibly, adv.— —versed in, etc. Cosmog'raphy, -fT, n. Description —
Corrup'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; prod- of the world or universe, including the figure and
uct of corruption; putrid matter; putrescence; de- relation of its parts, and manner of representing
filement: contamination. (Lav.) Taint or impurity them on a plane. [Gr. graphein, to describe.] Cos- —
of blood, by which one is disabled from inheriting mog'rapher, n. One versed in. etc. Cosmograpb/- —
or transmitting any estate. Corruptive, -iv, a. —
ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Cosmol'ogy, -jl, n. Sci- —
Having the quality of corrupting.— Corrupt 'ness. n. ence of the world or universe; or a treatise on its
Corsage, Corse, Corselet, etc. See under Corporal. structure and parts. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Coa- —
Corsair, k6r'sar, n. pirate A
piratical vessel. [F. moKogist, ru
: Cosmoplas'tic, a. Pert, to the for- —
oorsaire, Proven, corsari, one who makes the coma, mation of, etc. [Gr. pf/xssein, to form.] Cosmopol- —
Proven, and It. corsa, course, cruise, L. cursus, fr. itan, -mop'olite, -lit, n. One who has no fixed resi-
currere. to run. See Course.] dence, but is at home in every place; a citizen of the
Cortege, k6r / tazh'\ n. A
train of attendants. [F., fr. world; one who regards the interests of mankind
It. corteggio, train, fr. corte, court, q. v.] rather than of his own class or country; a liberal.
Cortes, kSr'tes, n. pi. The legislative bodies of Spain [Gr. polites, a citizen.] Cosmopolitism, -lt-tizin, n. —
and Portugal, composed of nobility, clergy, and rep- Condition or character of a cosmopolite. Cosmo- —
resentatives of cities. [Sp. and Pg. corre, court.] rama, -ra'rua, n. An exhibition, through a lens, of
Cortex, kor'teks, n. ; pi. -tices, -tf-sez. Bark of a drawings of different parts of the world. [Gr. hor-
tree; outer covering. (Med.) Peruvian bark. (Anat.) ama, a sight, ir.horan, to see.] Cosmoram r ic, a. —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boN'box, chair, get.
 ;

COSSET 118 COUNTENANCE

Pert, to acosmorama. — Cosmotheism, -the'izm, n. liminary layer, as of color, size, etc. [OF. covcher,
The philosophical system which identifies God and colchcr, to place, L. collocare, to place together, fr.
the universe; pantheism. [Gr. theos god.] Cos- — con and locus, a place.] —To
couch a cataract. (Surg.)
mothet'ic, a. (Metaph.) Assuming the actual ex- To depress it by means of a needle in order to its
istence of the physical world. [Gr. tithenai, to place.] removal.— To c. a spear, or lance. To place the butt
Cosset, kos'set, n. A
lamb reared by hand a pet. ;
— in the projection on the side of armor called the rest,
v. t. To fondle, pet. [It. casiccio, fr. casa, house.] so bringing into position for attack. — Couch'ant,
it
Cost, kost, re. Amount paid for anything; charge; ex- a. Lying down; squatting. (Her.) Lying down
pense; whatever, as labor, self-denial, suffering, etc., with the head raised, — said of a lion or other beast.
is requisite to secure benefit; loss of any kind; det- — Couch 'er, n. — CouchZ-grass, n. A species of grass
riment; suffering, pi. (Law.) Expenses in litiga- which extends rapidly its creeping roots.
tion. —
v. t. [cost, costing.] To require to be given, Cougar, koo'gar, n. (Zo'61.) A
species of panther found
expended, or laid out for to require to be borne, ; in southern N. Amer.; also the puma or S. Amer.
cause to be suffered. [OF. coster, to cost, L. constare, lion. [F. couguar, S. Amer. dialects, cuguacuara.
to stand together, consist, cost, fr. con and stare, to cuguaeuarana.~i
stand.] —
Costly, -IT, a. Of great cost; expensive; Cough, kawf, n. A
violent effort of the lungs to throw
sumptuous. —
Cost'liness, n. oft irritating matter. v. i. —
[coughed (kawft),
Costal, kos'tal, a. Pert, to the side of the body or ribs. coughing.] To expel air from the throat or lungs
[L. costa, rib.] with force or noise. —
v. t. To expel from the lunges
Costard, kos'tard, n. A
large apple; the head. fr. its by a cough, eject by a cough, expectorate. [Afe.
shape. [ME., fr. OF. coste, a rib, this kind of apple hwostan, JD. kugchen, MHG. kuchen, to cough.] —
being ribbed or ridged.] —
Cos'tard- or Cos'ter-mon- Cougher, kawf'er, re.
ger, -mun'ger, n. An apple-seller; peddler of fruit. Could, kdbd, imp. of can. See Can.
Costeaning, kos'ten-ing, n. Process by which miners Coulter. Same as Colter.
seek lodes. [Corn, cothas and stean, dropped tin.] Council, kown'sil, re. An assembly for consultation
Costive, kos'tiv, a. Retaining fecal matter in the bow- or advice; congress; diet; convention; convocation.
els; constipated. [Corrupt, fr. F. constipe", fr. L. con- [F. concile, L. concilium, fr. con and calare, to call.]
stipare, -patum. See Constipate.] Cos'tiveness. — — Coun'cil-man, n.; pi. -men. A member of a coun-
re. Unnatural detention, etc. esp. of the common council of a city. — Couns-
cil,
Costume, kos-tum'' or kos'tum, re. An established A member of a council.
ellor, -er, n.
manner or style, esp. of dress; adaptation of acces- Counsel, kown'sel, re. Mutual advisement, instruc-
sories, as in a picture, poem, etc., to the circum- tion, or interchange of opinions; exercise of delib-
stances described. [F. and It.; LL. costuma; s. rt. erate judgment; result of consultation; deliberate
custom.} —
Costumier, n. A
dealer in, etc.; esp. in purpose; one who gives advice, esp. in legal matters;
fancy costumes_ for balls, theaters, etc. collectively, the legal advocates united in the man-
Cot, kot, Cote, kot, re. A
small house; cottage; hut; —
agement of a case. v. t. [counseled (-seld), -sel-
also, a shed or inelosure for beasts; a cover for a ing.] To advise, admonish, or instruct; to recom-
sore finger. —
Cot, Cott, kot, re. sleeping place of A mend. [OF. conseil, consel, fr. L. consilium, deliber-
small size; a little bed; cradle; folding bedstead. ation.fr. consulere, to consult, q. v.] To keep coun- —
[AS. cote, D. and Ic. kot, G. koth, LL. cota, cot, hut; sel. To hold a purpose, etc., as a secret. Coun- —
b. rt. coat. ] —
Cot'betty, -bet-tl, -quean, -kwen, re. A selor, -er, n. an adviser; one who i*
One who, etc.;
man who busies himself with women's affairs. — consulted and gives advice on questions of law; a
Cots'wold, -wold, n. Sheep-cotes in an open coun- barrister. —
Coun'selorship, n.
try. —
Cot'tage, -tej, re. A
small dwelling; cot; hut. Count, kownt, v. t. To number, enumerate, reckon,
— Cot'tager, Cofter, re. One who lives in a cottage. eompute; to consider as belonging to one, esteem,
Co-tangeut. See under Co-secant. ascribe.—?;.*. To number or be counted; hence,
Coternporaneous, etc. See Contemporaneous. to swell the number, add strength or influence; to
Coterie, ko-te-re /', re. A
set of persons who meet famil- depend, rely. (Law.) To plead orally. n. Act of —
iarly; a club. [OF. coterie, LL. cottria, a tenure of numbering, or amount ascertained by numbering;
land by cotters (F. cottiers) who clubbed together.] reckoning. (Law.) A statement of a plaintiff's case
Cotillon, Cotillion, ko-til'yun, re. A dance of 8 per- in court. (Crim. Law.) One of several charges in
sons; quadrille; tune regulating the dance. [F., lit. an indictment. [OF. cunter, conter, fr. L. compile
a petticoat, fr. cotte, coat, frock.] tare, to reckon same as compute.] —Counter,
;

Cotter, kofter, n. A
wedge-shaped piece of wood, kowntSr, re. One who counts, or keeps an account;
iron, etc., for fastening the parts of a structure; a that which indicates a number; a piece of coin-
key. [Peril, corrupt, fr. cutter.} shaped metal, wood, etc., used in reckoning; a table
Cotton, kot'tn, re. The fibrous down enveloping the on which money is counted, and goeds laid for ex-
seeds of the cotton-plant; thread or cloth made of amination by purchasers. —
Counfer-jump'er, re. A
cotton. —
a. Made of, etc. v. i. To rise with a — — salesman in a shop. —
Count'able, a. Countless. —
regular nap. [F. and Sp. coton, Ar. qutn, qutunJ] a. Innumerable. —
Counting-house, -room, ».
Cotton flannel. A
twilled cotton fabric, with a long Place for keeping accounts, etc., and transacting
plush nap; Canton flannel.— C. velvet whose velvet, business.
warp and woof pile of silk.
are of cotton, and the — Count, kownt. re. A nobleman in Europe, equal in
Cotton'y. -I, a. Downy;
cotton; contain-
soft, like rank to an English earl. [OF. conte, comte, fr. L.
ing, or like, cotton clieap looking. Cofton-gin, — comes, -itis, a companion, count, f~. con and ire,
-jin, n. A
;

machine to separate the seeds from cot- iturn, to go. Ski-. i.\ —
Count-palatine. Orig., the
ton. plant, n. A
plant of several judge and highest officer of German kings, after-
species, growing in warm climates, and ward of German emperors and archdukes; later,
bearing the cotton of commerce. — an officer delegated by German emperors to exercise
-seed. a. The seed of, etc.,— yieldin certain imperial privileges. —
Countless, n. The
oil and oil-cake, —-waste, n. The rei consort of an earl or count. —
Coun'ty, -tt, u. Orig.
use of cotton factories. wood, n. an earldom: a territorial division of a state, for pur-
(Bot.) An American tree of the pop- poses of administration, justice, etc. a shire. ;
—
lar kind, —-wool, re. Cotton in its raw County corporate. A county invested with particu-
— C. court. A
.

state. lar privileges by charter, grant, etc.

Cotton, koftn, v. i. To unite together, court having jurisdiction over a county. C. pala- —
agree, adhere. [W. cytcno, to consent, tine. In Eng., one having particular privileges, so —
called a palatio (from the palace), because the
Cotton-plant,
Co'tyledon, kot-Y-le'dpn. re. (Bot.) A owner had originally royal powers in administering
seed-lobe of a plant, which involves and nourishes justice.— C. town. A town where the county busi-
the embryo plant, and then perishes. [Gr. kotvledon, ness is transacted; shire town.
fr. kotule, a cup; perh. s. rt. hut.]— Cotyled'onal, a. Countenance, kown'te-nans, re. Appearance or ex-
Having the form of, etc. —
Cotyled'onous. -mis, «. pression of the face; aspect; mien; the face; fea-
Pert, to, etc. ; having a seed-lobe. tures ;encouraging aspect favor aid.; v. t. ;
—
Couch, kowch, [couched (kowcht), couching.]
v. t. [nanced (-nanst), -nancing.] To encourage by a
To lay down or deposit; to compose to rest; to put favoring aspect; to sanction, approve, support.
in language, phrase, state. — v. i. To lie down, as [OF. contenance, L. continentia, fr. contirtsre, to con-
on a bed, repose; to lie down for concealment, hide; tain, maintain, comport one's sell'.] Out of counte- —
to bend the body, as in reverence, pain, labor, etc. nance. With the countenance cast down; not as-
— re. A place for rest or sleep; a layer of barley pre- sured; confounded; abashed. —
To keep the c. To
pared for malting. (Painting, Gilding, etc.) pre- A preserve a composed look. —
Coun'tenancer, n.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tfrm ; Tn, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 COUNTER 119 COUPLE
Counter. See under Count, v. t. (0. Law.) A
counterpart. [OF. contrepan, a
v.
Counter, kown'ter, a. Contrary; opposite. adv. —
pledge, pawn, fr. contre andean, pawn.]
Contrary; in opposition; in an opposite direction. Counterpart, kown'ter-part, n. part corresponding A
[This word is prefixed to many others, chiefly verbs to another part; copy; duplicate; a thing that mar
and nouns, expressing opposition.]— n. {Xa'utA An be applied to another so as to fit perfectly, as a seal
arched space in the stem of a vessel. (3Ius.) Coun- to its impression; hence a person or thing having
ter-tenor. (.Far.) That part of a horse between the qualities lacking in another: an opposite, (Ifus.)
shoulders and under the neck. The back-leather or The part arranged in connection with another.
heel part of a boot; heel stiffening of a shoe. \F. Counter-plea, kown'tgr-ple, n. (Law.) replication A
contre, L. contra, against, fr. con and rt. of trans, to a plea or request.
beyond.]— Coun'ter-tim'ber, n. (Xaut.) A timber Counterpoint, kown'ter-point, rt. A cover for a bed.
in the stern of a vessel, strengthening the counter. [See Counterpane.] (Mus.) The art of composing —
Counteract, kown-ter-akt', v. t. To act in opposition music in parts, the setting of a harmony of one or
to, hinder, defeat, frustrate.— Counterac'tioH, n. more parts to a melody. [OF. contrepoinct, lit.
Action in opposition; resistance. —
Counteract 'ive, point against point, —musical notes having been
-iv, a. Tending to, etc. indicated by dots or points.]
Counterbalance, kown-tgr-baKans, v. t. [-balanced Counterpoise," kown-ter-poiz', v. t. To act against with
i,-aust), -ancing.J To oppose with an equal weight; equal weight, counterbalance. Coun'torpoiae, /<. —
act against with equal power or effect: countervail. A
weight sufficient to balance another; equal power
— n. Equal opposing weight; equivalent. acting in opposition; relation of two such forces;
Counter-brace, kown'ter-bras, >i. (Xaut.) The brace equilibrium; equiponderance.
of the ioretopsail on the leeward side of a vessel. Counter-poison. kown'tSr-poi-zn, n. poison that A
Counterchange, kown-ter-chanj', v. t. To exchange; destroys the effect of another.
reciprocate. —
Coun'terchange, n. Exchange; re-, Counter-proof, kown'ter-pruot, n. (Engraving.) A
ciprocation. print taken off from another just printed, and there-
Counter charm, kown-ter-charm', v. t. To destrov the fore a reverse of it. Counterprove', -proov', v. t. —
effect of a charm upon. — Coun'tercharm, n. That To take a copy in reverse.
which dissolves or opposes, etc. Counter-revolution, kown'ter-rev-o-lu'shun, n. A
Countercheck, kown-ter-chek'', r. t. To oppose, check. revolution opposed to a former one, and restoring a
<

— Coun'tercheck, u. Check; stop; rebuke. former state of things.

Counter-deed, kown'ter-ded, n. (Law.) A writing Counterscarp, kown'ter-skiirp, n. (Fort.) The ex-
which destroys, invalidates, or alters a public deed. terior slope of the ditch; the whole covered way,
Counterdraw. kown-ter-draw', v. t. [imp. -drew; p. with its parapet and glacis.
p. -drawn; -drawing.] To copy, as a design, by Countersign, kown'ter-sin, v. t. To sign in addition
tracing upon some transparent substance, through and opposite to the signature of a principal, to at- —
which it appears. test the authenticity of a writing. n. The signa- —
Counter-extension, kown'tSr-ex-ten'shun, n. (Surg.) ture of a secretary, etc., to attest authenticity. (Mil.)
Fixation of the upper portion of a limb while ex- A
private signal "or phrase, whieh must be given to
tension is practiced on the lower portion, as in cases pass a sentry. Coun'ter-sig'nal, n.
|
—
correspond- A
of fracture or luxation. ing signal.
Counterfeit, kown'ter-fit, v. t. To put on a sem- Countersink, kown'ter-sink, v. t. To form, as a de-
|

blance of, esp. for a bad purpose; to imitate without pression, to receive the head of a 6Crew or bolt be-
'

right, and to deceive or defraud; to forge. v. i. —

low the surface; to cause to sink, as a screw or bolt,
— —
!

To dissemble, feign. a. Having resemblance to; even with or below the surface. n. depression A
fabricated to defraud by passing the false copy for for receiving the head of a screw a tool for forming ;

genuine; false, spurious, hypocritical, n. That — such depression. :

which, etc.; a likeness; counterpart: one who per- Counter-tenor, kown'ter-ten'er, n. (Mus.) middle A
sonates another; an impostor; cheat [OF. contre- part between tenor and treble.
j'ait, p. p. of rontrcfaire, fr. contre and /aire, L. Counter-timber. See under Counter.
'

facere, to make.] —
Coun'terfeiter, n. One who, Countervail, kown-ter-vaK, v. t. [-vailed (-vald"),
etc.; esp. one who forges bank-notes or coin; a -vailing.] To act against with equal force, power,
forger. — Coun'terfeitly.w^r. By forgery; falsely. or effect to thwart, balance, compensate. [F.
Counter-gage, kown'ter-gaj, n. (Carp.) A method
;

contre and valoir, L. ralere, to avail.] Coun'ter- —

of measuring joints, by transferring. vail, n. Equal weight, strength, or value; compen-
Counter-guard, kown'ter-gard, n. (Fort.) A low sation; requital.
work before the salient point of a bastion, to pre-
|

Countervallation, kown'tgr-val-la'shun, n. (Fort.) A

serve the bastion. ehain of redoubts around a fortress, to prevent sor-
kowH ter-in / dl-ka / shun,n. (Med.)
Counter-indication,
/,
ties by the garrison: oonstruction of such works.
Any symptom which forbids the use of a particular Cqunterview, kown'ter-vu, n. An opposite or oppos-
remedy in disease. ing view; opposition; contrast.
Counter-irritate, kown'ter-ir'ri-tat, v. t. (Med.) To Countess. See under Count, n.
produce counter-irritation in. —
Coun'ter-ir'ritant. Counting-house. Countless, etc. See under Cotott, v. t.
n. That which, etc. —
Conn' ter-irrita'tion. n. Ir- Country, kun'trT, n. A region; region of one's birth,
ritation excited in one part of the body to relieve ir- residence, or citizenship; rural regions, as opp. to
ritation in another part. town; inhabitants of a region. (Laic.) jury, as A
Counter-jumper. See under Count, v. t. representing the citizens of a country: one's con-
Countermand, kown-ter-mand", v. t. To revoke, as a stituents, or the public. —a. Pert, to "the territory
former command. — Coun'termand, n. Revocation away from a city rural; rustic; destitute of refine-
;

of n former command. [F. contremander, fr. contre ment rude. [OF. contree. It. and LL. contr&da.
:

and mav/Jer, to command, L. mendare.] —

f r. L. contra.] Countrified, -trT-fid, a. Having the
Countermarch, kown-ter-march', ?;. i. (Mil.) To march appearance and manners of, etc. uncouth. —
back, or in reversed order.
marching back. (Mil.)
—
Coun'ter-march, n.
A
change of the wings or
A Coun'try-dance, n. See Contra-dance.
pi. -men.
man, n. ;
An inhabitant or native of a region; a
;

—
face of aoattalion.
Counter-mark, kown'ter-miirk, n. An additional mark
oq goods, to afford security or proof. (Far.) An
I

|
the city; a rustic.
en. —seat, n. A
—woman,
fellow-citizen; a dweller in the country, as opp. to
n.; pi.
dwelling in the country.
-women, -wim''-
nrtificial oavity made in the teeth of horses when County. _See under Count, n.
the crown is worn smooth, to disguise their age. Coupe, koo-pa-', n. A compartment in a French dili
Countermark', v. t. To apply, etc. gence, or in a railroad carriage a four-wheeled ;

Counter-mine, kown'tgr-mln, n. (3111.) A gallery close carriage for two persons. [F., p. p. of couper,
under ground, from which to destroy the mines of to cut.]
the enemy; means of counteraction. Counter- — |

j
Couple, kup'1, 7i. Two things of the same kind con-
mine', v. t. (Mil.) To oppose by a counter-mine, nected or taken together; a betrothed or married
To frustrate by secret and opposing measures, —v.
i

pair; brace. — v. t. [coupled (kup'ld), coupling.]

»'.
To make a counter-mine or counter-plot. To link or connect together, join; to unite as male
Counterpane, kown'ter-pan, -point, n. A
coverlet for '

and female, marry.— v. i. To come together aa

a bed. [OF. contrepoinct, back-stitch or quilting- male and female, form a sexual union, embrace.
stitch, also a quilt, corrup. fr. coutrepoincter, to
j

[F., fr. L. copula, a bond, band. See Copula.] —

quilt: coutre =
coute, quieute, a quilt, fr. L. cirtcita,
j

Coup'ler, n. — Coup'let, n. Two lines of verse that

—
!

ci^hion, qnilt; EL. culcita ptincta, stitched quilt, rhyme with each other. Coup'ling, n. Act of
—
:

pvjir/ere,pimctwi, to prick, stitch.] Coun'terpane, bringing or coming together connection sexual

; ;

», cube, full; moon, foot; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — —

COUPON 120 COWARD

union. (Mach.) That which couples one thing ger'man, -jcr'man, n. ; pi. Cousins-german. A first
with another, as a hook, chain, etc. cousin; cou6in in the first generation.
Coupon, koo'pon or -poN. n. {Com.) An interest cer- Cove, k6v, n. A small inlet, creek, or bay; recess in
tificate attached to a transferable bond, to be cut the sea-shore; a strip of prairie extending into wood-
off for payment when interest is due. [F., fr. cou- land; recess in a mountain side; a boy or man. v. —
per, to cut.] t. (Arch.) To arch over. [AS. co/a, chamber, cave,
Courage, kur'ej, n. The quality enabling one to en- 1c. to^, hut, cell, G. koben, cabin, pig-sty.] Cov'- —
counter danger without fear bravery; daring ; ; ing, n. (Arch.) Projection of the upper stories of
firmness; resolution. [F., fr. OF. and L. cor, the a house over those beneath; jambs of a fire-place.
heart.] — Coura'geous, -a 'jus, a. Possessing, or Covenant, kuv'e-nant, n. A mutual agreement in
characterized by, etc.; bold; hardy; enterprising. writing and under seal contract; stipulation; a
—
;

Coura'geously, adv. Coura'geousness, n. writing containing terms of agreement. (Theol.)

Courant, koo-ranf, -ran'to, n. A piece of music in
triple time; a lively dance; a newspaper. [F. cou-
rant, p. pr. of courir, to run, L. currere, cursum.]
Cou'rier, -rT-er, n. A messenger sent in haste, usu-
ally on public business; an express; an attendant
on travelers, who makes arrangements for them on
the way. [F.J —
Course, kors, n. Act of moving
from one point to another; path traversed; motion
considered with reference to its direction; line of
progress ;progress from point to point without
change of direction; also, one of a succession of
motions in different directions considered as one
act; orderly progress; methodical action; conduct;
behavior; a succession of practices connectedly fol-
The promises of God as revealed in the Scriptures,
conditioned on certain terms on the part of man, as
— obedience, repentance, faith, etc. (Law.) form A
of action for violation of a contract. —
v. i. To enter
into a formal agreement, bind one's self by con-
tract, agree, bargain, stipulate.—?;, t. To grant or
promise by covenant. [OF. convenant, covenant, p.
pr. of couvenir, to agree, fr. L. convenire. See Cok-
vene.]— Cov'enanter, n. One who makes or sub-
scribes a covenant. —
Covenantor, n. (Law.) The
party who makes a covenant.
Cover, kuv'er, v. t. [covered (-erd), -ering.] To
overspread or envelop; to brood or sit on; to hide
from sight, conceal to place under shelter, protect,
;

lowed; part of a meal served atone time. (Arch.)
A continued level range of brick or stones through-
out the face of a building, pi. The menstrual flux.
(Naut.) The principal sails of a ship. See Sails.
— v. t. [coursed (korst), coursing.] To run, hunt,
or chase after, pursue; to run through or over; to
cause to run. —
v. i. To run, as if in a race or in
hunting. [OF. CQurs, L. cursus, fr. currere.'] In
course. In regular succession. —
Of c. By conse-
quence; in natural order. —
Cours'er, n. One who,
etc; esp. a swift horse.
CJourt, kort, n. An inclosed space; yard or area; resi-
dence of a sovereign, nobleman, etc; palace; per-
sons composing the retinue of a sovereign, etc.; as-
sembling of the retinue of a sovereign; attention to
one in power; conduct designed to gain favor; po-
liteness; civility. (Law.) A legal tribunal, includ-
ing judges, jury, lawyers, sheriffs, etc.; the judge in
a case, as disting. fr. the counsel. The session of a
judicial assembly; any jurisdiction, civil, military,
or ecclesiastical. —
v. t. To seek the favor of, strive
to please, pay court to; to seek in marriage, woo; to
attempt to gain by address, solicit. [F. cour, OF.
cart, curt, IX. cortis, court-yard, retinue, tribunal,
defend; to extend over, be sufficient for, compre-
hend or include, account for or solve, counterbal-
ance; to copulate with,— said of the male; to keep
under aim, or aim at point-blank. n. Anything —
laid, set, or spread over another; an envelope; lid;
thing which veils or conceals; screen; disguise; con-
dition of concealment, shelter, or defense. (Hunt-
— ing.) "Woods, underbrush, etc., which shelter game.
A table-cloth and furniture; esp. table furniture for
one person at a meal. [F. covrir, courrir. It. cop-
rire, fr. L. cobperire, to cover, fr. con and operire,
to shut, hide.] — Cov'ered, -erd, p. a. Designed for
concealment, shelter, etc. —
Cov'erer, n. Cov'es- —
let, n. The uppermost cover of a bed. [OF. covre-
lit, fr. covrir, and lit, a bed, L. lectus.] —
Cov'ert, a.
Covered over: hid; sheltered. (Law.) Under covei,
authority, or protection, as a married woman. ». —
A place which covers and protects; shelter; defenses
feathers covering the bases of birds' quills. [OF.]
— Cov'ertly, adv. Secret]}'. —
Cov'ert-bar'on, a.
(Law.) Under the protection of a husband; married.
— Cov'erture, -er-chur, n. Covering; shelter; de-
fense. (Law.) Condition of a woman during mar-
riage, — i. e., under the cover or protection of her

L. cors, cortis, inclosure, cattle-yard.]

n. — Court'-card, See Coat-card.
n.
Court'er,
day, n. A —— husband.
Covet, kuv'et, v. t. To wish for eagerly, inordinately,
or unlawfully; to long for, hanker after, lust after.
day in which a court sits to administer justice.—
dress, n. A dress worn at court.
handwriting used in records and judicial proceed-
—
hand, n. The [OF. coveiler, It. cubttare, L. cupere, to desire.]
Cov'etable, a. —
Cov'eter, n. —
Cov'etiveness, Tiv-
—
ings. —
•leet, n.
house, n. A house in which courts are held.
(Eng. Law.) A court of record held annu-
nes, n. (Phren.) Excessive desire of accumulating
property ; acquisitiveness. See Phrenology. —
ally, in a particular hundred, lordship, or manor, Cov'etous, -us, a. Very desirous; excessively eager;
before the steward of the leet. —
martial, -mar'shal,
n. ; pi. Courts-martial. A court consisting of mil-
avaricious; penurious; miserly.
— Cov'etousness, n.
—
Covetously, adv.

itary or naval officers for trying offenses against Covey, kuv'i, n. An old bird with her brood of
military or naval law. —
-plas'ter, n. Sticking-plas- young; a 6mall flock of birds; a company; set. [F.
ter made of silk. —
-yard, n. An inclosure round a couve'e, fr. couvi, p. p. of couver, to sit or brood on,
house. —Courteous, kerfyus, a. Of court-like or fr. L. cvbare, to he down.]
elegant manners; pert, to, or expressive of, courtesy; Covin, kuv'in, n. (Law.) A collusive agreement be-
well-bred; polite; complaisant. —
Courteously, adv. tween persons to prejudice another. [OF.
—
— Court'eousness, n. —
Courtesy, kert'e-sT, n. Ele- covaine, fr. convenir. See Covenant.] Cov /
gance of manners; act of civility or respect; urban- -us, a. Deceitful; collusive; fraudulent.
ity; affability; good-breeding; favor or indulgence, Cow, kow, n. ; pi. Cows old pi. Kine. The female
;

as disting. f r. right. —
Courtesy, kgrfsT, n. ges- A of bovine animals. [ME. cu, cou, pi. Icy, hue, and
ture of respect or civility by women.— v. i. [COURTE- kin, kwyn; AS. cu, pi. cy, D. koe, Sw. and Dan. ho,
sied (-sid), -sying.] To bow the body slightly, with Olr. and Ga. 60, L. bos, Gr. bous, Skr. gu.] Cow'- —
bending of the knees, as an expression of civility or bird, n. The cow blackbird, an Amer. starling.
— A
respect. Courtier, korfyer, n. One who frequents
courts; one who courts favor.— Court'ly, a. Pert,
-catcb/er, n. frame in front of a locomotive, to
catch or throw off obstructions on the track.
One who tends cows. —
hide, n. The skin of
herd, —
to a court; court-like; high-bred; dignified and ele- n.
gant; disposed to favor the g--ent; fawning; obsequi- cattle, or leather made from it; a whip made from
—
Court 'liness. n. High-breeding; — To beat with, etc. -lick, n. —
tuft of A
ous; sycophantic.
elegance of manners. — Oourt'ship, n. Act of solic-
iting favor by complaisance or flattery act of woo- s
it. v. t.
hair turned up, —
as if licked by a cow.
(Med.) A disease which appears in pimples on the
pox. n. —
ing in love. —
Courtesan, kert'e-zan, n. Orig. a fol- cow, the matter from which is used for vaccination,
—
lower of the court; a prostitute; harlot; strumpet. as preventive of small pox; kine-pox. slip, n.
A
[Sp. cortesana, fern, of cortesano, pert, to the court,
courteous, fr. corte, court.]
species of primrose, growing in moist places. [AS.
cuslyvpe, fr. cu and slyppe, dung.] tree, n.
South American tree which yields a fluid like milk.
— A
Cousin, kuz'ii, n. One collaterally related more re-
motely than brother or sister; a title given by a king Cow, kow, v. t. [cowed (kowd), cowing.] To depress
to a nobleman, esp. to one of the council. [F.; IX. with fear, sink the spirits or courage. [Ic kuga, to
cosinus, contr. fr. L. consobrinus, child of a mother s tyrannize over, Dan. hue, to bow, subdue.]
sister, fr. con and sobrinus, cousin-german, fr. sostor, Coward, kow'ard, n. One who lacks courage; a timid
sister.] —
Cousinly, a. Like or becoming a cousin. or pusillanimous man; craven; poltroon: daMard.—
— Cous'inship, n. Relationship of, etc. Cous'in- — a. Destitute of courage; timid; Dase; pert, to a cow-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t8rm ; In, Tee ; Sdd, tone,
 COWER 121 CRANE
ard; proceeding from, or expressive of, cowardice. Crack'nel, a. A kind of brittle biscuit. [F. craqve*
[OF. couard, It. codardo, fr. OF. coe, It. codn, L. lin, D., krakeling.]
cauda, a tailsperh. one who turns tail.] Cow'ard- — Cradle, kra'dl. n. A rocking bed for infants place ;

ice, -is, 7i. Want of courage. Cow'ardly, -IT, a. — in which anything is nurtured or protected during
Wanting courage; befitting a coward: timorous; immaturity; infancy. (Agric.) A light framework
pusillanimous: mean: base. ado. In the manner — added to a scythe, to receive grain as cut, and lay it
of, etc. —
Cowardliness, n. in swaths. (Engraving.) An instrument for pre-
Cower, kow'er, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -ering.] To sink paring plates for mezzotints. (Ship-building.) A
by bending the knees; to crouch, esp. through fear. framework of timbers to support a vessel when out
[Ic. and Sw. kura, Dan. kure, to doze, lie quiet.] of water. (Surg.) A
case tor a broken bone. r. t. —
Cowl, kowl, n. A monk's hood or habit; a cap for [cradled (kra'dld), cradling.] To lay, or rock in
chimney-tops. [AS. cufle, Ic. kufl, kofl, L. cucullus, a cradle; to nurse in infancy; to cut and lay with a
cap, hood; s. rt. L. scutum, a shield.]— Cowled, cradle, as grain. v. i. —
Tolie or lodge, as in a cra-
kowld, a. Wearing a cowl. (Bot.) Shaped like, dle. (Mining.) A machine roeked by the hand for
etc. washing out auriferous earth. [AS. cradol, W. cryd ;
Cowl, kowl, n. A vessel for water, carried on a pole, s. rt. L. crates, E. hurdle.]

or cowl-staff, between two persons. [OF. cuvel, Craft, kraft, n. Dexterity in manual employment;
cuveau, dim. of cure, L. cupa, tub.] the employment itself ; a trade ; cunning, art, or
Cowry, koWrT, n. A small shell, used for money in skill; artifice ; guile. (Naut.) Vessels of any kind.
Africa and the East Indies. [Hind, kauri.] [AS. crseft, Sw., Dan., and G. kraft; s. rt. cramp.]
Coxalgia, koks-al'jl-a. -al'gy, -it, n. {Med.) Pain in — CrafVy, -I, a. Skillful at deceiving : cunning ;
the hip: hip-joint disease. [P. coxalgie, fr. L. coxa, sly ; shrewd. —
Craft'ily, adv. Craftiness, n. — —
hip, and Gr. algos, pain.] Crafts'man, n. ; pi. -men. One skilled in a manual
Coxcomb, koks'kom, n. A strip of red cloth notched occupation an artificer mechanic.
; ;

like the comb of a cock, on the cap of a licensed Crag, krag, n. A steep, rugged, broken rock. (Geol.)
fool; the cap itself a vain superficial pretender to
: A partially compacted bed of gravel mixed with
accomplishments: a fop. {Bot.) A plant producing shells, of the tertiary age. [W. craig, Ga. and Ir.
red flowers like a cock's comb. [Corrupt, of cock's creag.] —
Crag'ged, -gy, -gl, a. Full of, etc.— Crag"'-
comb.] —
Coxcombical, -comical, -kom'ik-al. a. Be- gedneas^ -giness, n.
fitting a coxcomb: foppish. Coxcomb'ically, adv. — Crake, krak, n. (Omith.) A species of rail frequenting
— Cox'combry, -kom-rT, n. The manners of, etc. corn, etc., whose cry is a grating croak. [Onomat.]
Boxawain. See Cockswain, under Cockboat. Cram, kram, v. t. [crammed (kramd), cramming.]
*oy, koi, a. Shrinking from approach or familiarity; To stuff, crowd, fill to superfluity; to fill with food
shy modest bashful. [OF. coi, coit, L. quietus,
; ; beyond satiety to qualifv for examination by
;

quiet.fr. quies, rest.] —

Coy'ish, a. Somewhat re- hasty preparation, —v. i. To eat greedily, stuff to
served. —
Coy'ly, adv. Coy'ness, n. — make a hasty review of studies. [AS. crammian, to
;

Coyote, koi-ot', n. The prairie wolf. [Sp., fr. Mexi- stuff, Ic. kremja, to squeeze. See Cramp.]
can coyotl.] Crambo, kram'bo, n. A play in which one gives a
fioz, kuz, n. A
contr. of cousin. word, to which another finds a rhyme a rhyme. ;

3ozen, kuz'n, v. t. [cozened (kuz'nd), -ening.] To [Perh. fr. Cramp.]

cheat, beguile, deceive. [F. cousiner, to claim kin- Cramp, kramp, n. A restriction or restraint an iron ;

ship for convenience, to sponge.]— Coz'enage, -ej, instrument to hold together timbers, stones, etc. a
n. Practice of, etc. artifice trick.; Coz'ener, n. ;
— piece of wood on which the upper leather of a
;

Cozy, Cosey, kc/zT, a. [cozier, coziest.] Snug; com- boot is stretched. (Med.) A spasmodic contraction
fortable; easy. n. — A
woolen covering to retain of a muscle. v. t. —
[cramped (krampt), cramp-
heat in a tea-pot. [F. causer, to talk, chat, fr. G. ing.] To hold tightly pressed together, restrain
kosen, OH.G. choson.] Co'zily, adv. — from free action to form on a cramp, as boot legs
; ;

Irab, krab, n. (Zool.) A

crustaceous aninial, having to afflict with cramp. [Sw. and D. kramp, Dan.
the body covered by a crust- krampe, cramp; Sw. krampa, Dan. kramjte, a cramp-
like shell orcarapax; it has iron D. krammen, G. krampen, to fasten with
;

ten legs, the front pair of cramps; s. rt. cram, clamp, crimp, crumple, and perh.
which terminate in claws. crab. See Clamp.] —
Cramp'y, -T, a. Diseased with,
(Bot.) A
wild apple; the tree or producing, cramp.— Cramp'-fish, n. (Ichth.) The
— named from torpedo, or electric ray, wT hose touch imparts a shock
producing
its
A
it,
astringent taste. (Mech.)
crane for moving heavy
of electricity.
it, n. A
—iron, n. A cramp; vise. — Cramp'-
metal tip of a sword-sheath a chape a ; ;

weights, esp. ships. [AS. crab- v^ran.

cramp-iron. — Crampoons, -poonz', n. pi. Hooked
6a, Sw. krabba, Ic. krabbi, Dan. and G. krabbe, D. pieces of iron, for raising heavy materials. (Mil.)
krab, L. carabus, Gr. karabos, crab; D. krabben, L. Iron points worn on shoes to keep a foothold, as in
scalpere, to scratch.] —
Crab'-apple. n. A small, sour climbing ramparts. [F. crampon.]
kind of apple. [Sw. krabbapleT] -tree, n. The tree — Cran, kran, n. A
measure by which fresh herrings
bearing, etc.
the human body.
—
louse, n. A kind of louse infesting
—
Crab 'bed, a. Harsh; rough;
are sold, holding about 3"i gallons. [Ga. crann.]
Cranberry, kran'her-rT, n. red, sour berry, usedA
peevish; morose: difficult; perplexing; cramped or for making sauce, etc. [Corrup. of erane-berry, fr.
scrawled, —
said of handwriting. [D. kribben, to its long stalk G. kranbeere, Dan. tranebser, Sw.
;

quarrel, be cross, fr. krabben (above), krihbig, peev- tranbar. See Crane.]
ish; Ic. krab, a crabbed hand, krabba, D. krabbelen, Cranch. See Craunch.
to scrawl, scribble.] —
Crab'bedly, adv. Crab'bed- — Crane, kran, n. (Ornith.) A wading bird, having
ness, rt. long bill, legs, and neck. A
jrack, krak, v. t.(krakt), cracking.] To
[cracked machine for moving heavy
break without entire separation of the parts; to fis- weights an arm turning on a
;

sure; to rend with grief or pain, distress, disorder, vertical axis, for supporting
derange; to cause to sound abruptly and sharply; to kettles, etc., ever a fire ; a si-
snap; to utter smartly and sententiously; to cry up, phon, or bent pipe, for drawing
extol. v.i. To be" fractured without quite sepa- liquors out of a cask, (yaut!)
rating; to go to pieces, be ruined or impaired; to A piece of wood or iron with
utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. n. partial — A two arms, used, in pairs, to stow
separation of parts, etc.: a chink; crevice; a sound spare spars in. —
v. t. Tcraned
as of anything suddenly rent; craziness of intellect; (krand), craning. J To cause
insanity. —a. Of superior excellence. [AS. cear- to rise; to raise, as if by a crane.
cian, D. kraken, G. krachen, Ga. cnac, to crack; D. — v. i. To stretch the neck in
krak, G. krach, Ga. erac, a crack.] Crack'-brained, — order to observe something to Crane. ;

-brand, a. Impaired in intellect.— Crack'' or, n. One balk at a dangerous leap, etc.,
who, or that which, cracks; a small firework, ex- show timidity. [AS. cran, D. kraan, G. kranich.
ploding with a sharp noise; a kind of hard biscuit- Dan. trane, Sw. trana, Ic. trani, W., Corn., and
Crackle, krakl, v. i. To make slight cracks, or Armor, garan, Gr. geranos, L. grus, crane (bird),
small, abrupt, snapping noises, frequently repeated. also D. kraan ; Dan. and Sw. kran, G. krahn, Gr-
[Freq. of crack.] —
Crack'le, Crack'lin, n. kind A geranos, crane (m-ichine).] Crane's-bill, n. (Bot.)—
of china, having the glaze or enamel apparently The geranium, which has an appendage of the
cracked in all directions. —
Crack'ttng, n. Small, seed-vessel resembling the beak of a crane. (Surg.)
abrupt cracks or reports; rind of roasted pork. —
Long-beaked pincers. Cran'age, n. Right of using
sun, cube, full ; moon, fot»t ; cow, oil ; linger mr ink, then, b»Nbow, ehair, get
 ; —
;

CRANIUM 122 CREED

a crane in loading price paid of crawling. [Ic. krafla, to paw, scrabble, Sw.
fqr the use. krala, Dan. kravle, to creep.] CrawKer, u. —
Cranium, , Kra'ni-um, n.; pi.
kra'nl-um. Crayon, kra'un, //. A piece of chalk, or other soft sub-
-N1A, i. (Anat.y The skull of I stance, for drawing; drawing made with pencil or
imal ; brain-pan. [L. ;
Gr. kranion, skull, Icara, Skr.
^ crayon.— ?', t. [crayoned (-und), -oning.] To
sketch, as with, etc. [F., ir._craie, L. creta, chalk.]
cira, the head.] Cra'nial, a. — Craze, kraz, v. t. [crazed (krazd), crazing.] Orig. to
Pert, to, etc. — CranioPogy, break into pieces, crush to confuse, impair ; to de-;

-jT, n. Science of the struc- range the intellect of, render insane.— n. State of
ture of the skull, and its rela- Crane. craziness; insanity; a strong habitual desire or pas-
tion to the faculties of the mind ; phrenology. [O sion. (Pottery.) A
defect in the glaze of earthen-
logos, discourse.]-CranioPogist, -list, n. One versed ware, causing it to crack. [See Crash.] Cra'zy, —
in, etc. ; a phrenologist. Cra'niologlcal, a. Pert,— -zf, a. Broken decrepit disordered in intellect ;
to, etc. —
Cranionreter, n. An instrument for deranged. —
Cra'zily, adv.
;

Cra'ziness, n. Cra'-
;

— —
measuring skulls. [Gr. metron, measure.] Crani- — zy bone. The end of the elbow, a blow upon which
'etry, -trT, Art
rtof, etc.,
"
to discover their spe- benumbs the arm.
cific differences. —
Cranios'copy, -pi, n. Examin; Creak, krek, v. i. [creaked (krekt), creaking.] To
tion of the skull, to discover the parts of the brain make a sharp, harsh, grating sound, as by friction
supposed to be the organs of particular faculties. of hard substances. v. t. —
To produce a creaking
[Gr. skopein, to view.] Craniot'omy, -ml, n. — sound with. n. —
The sound produced. [Onomat.
(Surg.) Opening of the fetal head to effect deliv- See Cricket.]
ery. [Gr. temnevn, to cut.] Cream, krem, n. The unctuous substance forming a
Crank, krank, n. (Mach.) bent axis, serving as a A scum on the surface of milk; the best part of a thing.
handle to communicate circular motion, or to — v. t. [creamed (kremd), creaming.] To skim
change circular into reciprocating motion, or the or take off by skimming, as cream to take off the
reverse. A
bend, turn, or winding a conceit con- ; best part of. —
v. i. To become covered with cream,
;

sisting in a change of the form or meaning of a or thick like cream to assume the appearance 01
;

word a fit of temper a whim, absurd notion ; one

; cream. [F. creme, LL. crema, eream, L. cremor, the
full of cranks, or deranged.
;

a. (Naut.) Liable to — milky substance obtained by soaking corn.]— Cream

careen or be overset, as a ship. Full of spirit; brisk; of tartar. Purified tartar or argal, the bi-tartrate of
lively. [D. kronlxl, a little bend, krengen, to careen, potassa. —
which rises, like cream, to the surface of
Dan. kruenge, to heave down, lurch 1). and G. liquor in which it is purified. Cream'y, -1, a. Full —
— Crankle, kran/kl, To run in a
;

— cake filled A
krank,
winding course
sick.]

into bends, etc.; to crinkle. n.

; to bend and turn. — v. t. To break
bend crinkle. —
v.

A
i. of, or like, etc. Cream'-cake, n.
with custard made of cream, eggs, etc.
Cheese formed of milk mixed with cream.
cheese, n. —
Cranny, kran'ni, n. A
small, narrow opening fis-
;

; Crease, kres, n._ A mark made by folding. v. t. —

sure crevice chink a secret, retired place hole. [creased (krest), creasing.] To make a crease in.
— v. i.
; ;

To make crannies ; to haunt or enter by

; ;

[Armor. kHz, W. krych, a wrinkle.]

crannies. [Dim. fr. F. cran, L. arena, a notch, Skr. Creasote. See Creosote.
krit, to cut.] —
Cran'nied, -nid, a. Full of, etc. Create, kre-af, v. t. To bring into being, came to
Crape, krap, n. A
thin, transparent stuff, made of exist, originate to be the occasion of, produce ; to
;

raw silk gummed and twistecl, used for mourning constitute, appoint, make. [L. oreare, -attan, to
garments. [F. crepe, fr. L. crtspus, curled, crisped.] create.] —
Crea'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; esp., of bringing
— Crap'y, -Y, a. Resembling crape. the world into existence ; constitution ; formation ;

Crapulent, krap'u-lent, -ulous, -lus, a. Sick from in- thing created, as the universe. Crealionism, -izm, —
temperance. [L. crapvla, sickness from, etc.] n. Doctrine that the soul is immediately created by
Crash, krash, v. t. [crashed (krasht), crashing.] God, —opp. to traducianism. Crea'tor, -ter, n. —
To break to pieces violently.— v. i. To make a loud, One who, etc. esp. the Supreme Being. Crea''-
;
—
clattering sound, as of many things breaking at tive, -tiv, a. Having power to create, or creating.—
once. —n. Mingled sound of things breaking. [Same Crea'tiveness, n. —
Creature, kre'chur, n. Thing
as crack and craze ; Sw. krasa, Dan. krase, to created; esp. a being created with life; animal; man;
crackle.] one who owes his fortune to another a servile de- ;

Crash, krash, n. Coarse linen cloth. [See Crass.] pendent. [OF.]

Crass, kras, a. Gross dense coarse. [L. crassus,; ; Creche, kresh, n. An asylum for very young children
thick, fat, for crattus, closely woven.] Crassi- — during their mothers' working hours. [F. See
tude, -T-tud, n. Grossness thickness. Crass'a- ; — Cratch.]
ment, n. Thick part of a fluid, esp. of blood; a clot. Creed, krSd, n. A summary of what is believed ; esp.
Cratch, krach, n. A
manger or open frame for hay; of Christian belief. [From L. erecfo, 1 believe, the
a crib. [F. creche, manger, OS. kribbia, E. crib.] — first word of the Apostles' and Nicene Creeds, fr.
Cratch-cradle. Form of the cratch, made upon the credere, -itum, Skr. craddadhami, to believe.] —
fingers with string; scratch-cradle, cat's-cradle. Cre'dence, -dens, n. Reliance of the mind trust ;

Crate, krat, n. A
hamper of wicker-work, for crock- belief; what gives claim to credit or confidence.
ery. [L. crates, a hurdle.] Cre'dent, a. Believing giving credit. Creden- —
Crater, kraler, n. The aperture or mouth of a vol- tial, -shal, a. Giving a title to credit.
;

n. That —
cano. [L. and Gr., a bowl, fr. Gr. kerannunai, to mix.] wbich, etc. ; pi. testimonials or certificates showing
— Craterlform, a. Cup-shaped. [L. forma, form.] that one is entitled to credit, or has authority or
Craunch, Cranch, kranch, v. t. [cRAUNCHED(krancht), official powers. —
Credible, a. Capable of being
craunching.] To crush with the teeth, chew nois- believed worthv of belief.
; —
Credlbleness, -ibil'-
ily, crunch. [Onomat] ity, n. — Credibly, adv. — Credit, n.Reliance on
Cravat, kra-vat', n. neck-cloth. [F. A
from the ; the truth of something said or dpne; belief ; faith ;

Croatians (F. Cravates) in the Austrian army, from reputation derived from the confidence of others; es-
whose dress it was adopted in France in 1G36.] teem ; reputation authority derived from character
;

Crave, krav, v. t. [craved (kravd), craving.] To or reputation influence derived from the confi-
;

ask with earnestness and humility; to long for, beg, dence or favor of others ; interest. (Com.) Trust
beseech, implore. [AS. crafian, Sw. krafva, Dan. given or received expectation of future payment
kraeve.] —
Crav'er, n. mercantile reputation.
;

(Book-keeping.) The side

Craven, kra'vn, n. One vanquished in battle a of an account on which are entered values received;
weak-hearted fellow; coward; dastard. —a. Cow-
;

item* entered on such side of an account. v. t. To —

ardly with meanness; spiritless. [OF. cravante', fr. confide in the truth of put trust in, believe to ; ;

crevanter, to break.] enter upon the credit side of an account, set to the
Craw, kraw, n. The crop or stomach of fowls. [Dan. credit of.—Cre'ditfoncier, kra-de'f oN-se-a', n. A com-
kro, Sw. krafva.] pany for carrying on local improvements by means
Craw-fish, Cray-fish, kraw'-, kra'fish, n. (Zoibl.) A of loans upon real estate. [F. fonder, landed, fr. ;

crustaceous fresh-water animal, resembling the lob- fond, L. fundus, land.]— C. mohilier, -mo-be-le-a', n.
ster, but smaller. [ME. erevis, fr. OF. crevisse, F. A joint-stock company for banking purposes and the
Screvisse, OHG. crebiz, G. krebs; s. rt. crab.] promotion of public works by means of loans on
Crawl, krawl, v. i. [crawled (krawld), crawling.] personal estate. [F. moMKer, personal, fr. L. mo-
To move slowly, as a worm or on the hands and bilis, movable.] — ;

Creditable, a. Deserving or pos-

—
;

knees, as a human being to creep to advance sessing, etc. ; reputable estimable. Credltable-
slowly and feebly ; to have a sensation as if insects
; ;

ness, n. —
Creditably, adv. Creditor, -3r, n. One
;

—
were creeping about the body. n. Act or motion — who gives credit in business matters; one to whom
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, ,ttr;n ; Tn, ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 CREEK 123 CRINITE
money is due. — Cred'ulous, -u-lus, a. Apt to be- composed of one short between two long syllables.
on slight evidence easily convinced or im-
lieve [L. Creticus (pes, foot), a Cretan (metrical) foot.]
posed upon; unsuspecting. Cred'ulously, adv.
;

— — Cretin, kre'tin, n. (Med.) An idiot of a kind" fre-

Cred'ulousness, Credulity, -lY-ti, n. Readiness to quent in the valleys of the Alps, generally afflicted
believe without sufficient evidence. also with goiter. [F., for crestin, fr. L. castrare, to
Creek, krek, n. A small inlet, bay, or cove a small ; emasculate, hence stunt.] —
Cre'tinism, -izm, n.
river or brook any turn or winding. [AS. crecca,
; Condition or disease of, etc.; idiocy; goiter.
D. kreek, Sw. krik, Ic. kriki, F. crique.] Cretonne, kre-ton', n. A
fabric having a warp of
Creel, krel, /;. A wicker basket, for carrying fish. —
hemp and woof of flax, used to upholster furni-
[Ga. craidhleag.] ture. [Creton, the originator.]
Creep, krep, v. i. [crept, creeping.] To move Crevasse, kre-vas', n. A
crevice or split, as in a gla-
along, as a reptile does to move on hands and ; cier; a breach in the levee or embankment of a
knees, crawl; to move slowly, feebly, timorously, or river. [OF., fr. crever, to cleave, burst asunder, L.
stealthily to steal in, insinuate one's self; to fawn;
; crepare, to crackle, burst.] —
Crevice, -is, n. A
to grow, as a vine, clinging to other support; to have narrow_opening from a split; a cleft; fissure; rent.
a sensation of insects crawling upon the body. [AS. Crew, kroo, n. A
company of people associated to-
crespan, D. kruipen, Sw. krypa.] Creepv er, n. — gether; throng; assemblage; a ship's company; the
One who, or that which, etc. a creeping vine a ; ; seamen belonging to a vessel. [OIc. kru, a crew; Sw.
fixture with iron points worn on the shoe to prevent dial, kry, to swarm; s. rt. crawl.]
flipping. (Ornith.) A small bird, allied to the wren. Crew. See Crow.
pi. An instrument with hooks or claws to drag the Crewel, kroo'el, n. Worsted yarn slackly twisted.
bottom of wells, etc. —
Creep 'ingly, adv. By creep-
S

'

[For clewel, dim. of clew, ball of thread.]

ing; slowly; sneakingly ignobly. ; Crib, krib, n. The manger or rack of a stall; stall for
Cveese, Crease, Kris, kres, n. Malay dagger. [Ma- A cattle; inclosed bedstead for a child: bin for stor-
lay kris.] ing grain, salt, etc.; a literal translation of a classic
Cremate, kre-mat r v. t. To burn, esp. a corpse. [L. cre- author, —
v. t. [cribbed (kribd), cribbing.] To
mare, -atum, to burn.]
,

—
Cremation, n. Act of, etc. shut in a narrow habitation; to pilfer or purloin.
Cremona, kre-mo'na, n. superior kind of violin, A To crowd together, be confined. [AS. D. ;

made at Cremona, in Italy. krib, Ic. and Sw. krubba, crib, manger.' Crib'
Crenate, kre'nat, -nated, a. (Bot.) Having the edge
notched like a scallop-shell. [L. crena, notch. See makes up a third hand for himself, partly from his
Cranny.] _
Creole, kre'ol, n. One born in America, or the West
opponent's. — Crib /'bage-board, n. board with A
—
holes, to score the game at cribbage with pegs.
Indies, of European ancestors; one born in tropical Crlb'bing, n. (Mining.) A
plank lining of a shaft,
America, or adjacent islands, of any color. [F., fr. etc. (Far.) A
horse's trick of gnawing the crib.
Sp. criollo, prop, created, grown up, contr. fr. cria- Cribble, krib^bl, n. A
coarse sieve or screen.— v. t.
dillo, dim. of criado, p. p. of criar, to create, edu- [cribbled (-bid), -bling.] To cause to pass through
cate.] a sieve or riddle ; to sift. [L. cribellum, dim. of
Creosote, kre'o-sot, n. (Chem.) An oily, colorless crihrum } a sieve; Skr. kri, to separate.]
liquid, having the smell of smoke, and strong anti- Crick, knk, n. A
spasmodic affection, esp. of the
septic properties, obtained from distillation ©f wood. neck or back. [Same as creek.]
[Gr. kreos (L7. caro), flesh, and sozein, to preserve.] Cricket, krik'et, n. An orthopterous insect, having a
Crepitate, krep'T-tat, v. i. To burst with a sharp chirping note. [OF. criquet, fr. criquer, to creak,
sound, crackle, snap. [L. crepitare, -tatum, freq. of rattle, D. kriek, a cricket, krikkrakken, to crackle.]
— —
.

crepare, to rattle.] Crepitation, n. Act of, etc. A game with bat, ball, and wicket; a low stool. v.
Crept. See Creep. i. To play at cricket. [Dim. fr. AS. cricc, staff; s.
Crepuscular, kre-pus'ku-lar, -culous, -lus, a. Pert, to rt. crutch. J —
Crick'eter, n.
twilight glimmering imperfectly clear. [L. cre-
; ; Cricoid, kri'koid, a. (Anat.) Resembling a ring.
pusculum, twilight, dim. of creper, dark.] [Gr. krikos, ring, and eidos, form.]
Crescent, kres'ent, a. Increasing ; growing ; shaped Cried, Crier. See under Cry.
like the new moon. n. —
The increasing moon; Crime, krim, n. A
violation of law, divine or human;
moon in her first or last quarter; figure of the new esp. a gross offense, outrage, or great wrong; sin;
moon, borne in the Turkish flag; the flag itself; the vice. [F.; L. crimen, crinnnis.] —
Criminal, krTm'-
Turkish power. [L. crescens, -centis, p. pr. of cres- t-nal, a. Guilty of, involving, or pert, to crime. —
cere, to increase, fr. creare, to create.] Cres'cive, — n. One guilty of, etc.— Grim, con., abbr. of Crim-
-siv, a. Increasing; augmenting; growing. Cres- — inal conversation. (Law.) Adultery. Criminally, —
cen'do, a. (Mus.) With a constant- adv. — Criminality, -T-tT, n. Guiltiness.
/r
Crim - —
ly increasing volume of voice, a — inate, v. t. To charge with, or convict of, crime;
direction for the performance of Cresaendo. to impeach. —Crimina'tion, n. —
Criminatory, -to-
music, indicated as in the margin. rt, a. Pert, to or involving crimination; accusing.
—
n. A
gradual increase in the fullness of tone with Crimp, krimp, a. Easily crumbled. v. t. [crimped—
which a passage is performed; a passage to be per- (knmpt), crimping.] To form into ridges, waves,
formed with constantly increasing volume of tone. or plaits to pinch and hold, seize, decoy. (Cook-
;

[It.] ery.) To cause to contract, or to render cnsp, as

Cress, kres, n. (Bot.) A salad plant of various species. the flesh of a fish, by gashing it, when living, with
[AS. cserse, cressse, D. kern, G. kresse.] a knife. n. One who decoys. [Akin to cramp;
Cresset, kres'set, n. An open lamp, on a beacon, D. krimpen, Sw. krimpa, to shrink, G. krimpen, to
lighthouse, etc., or carried on a pole. [OF. crasset, crumple, shrink cloth.] —
Crimple. krimpl, v. t.
D. kruysel, a hanging lamp, fr. kruyse, cruse, pot.] [crimpled (-Id), -ling.] To cause to shrink or
Crest, kre6t, n. A
tuft, or other natural ornament, on draw together, contract, curl, corrugate.
an animal's head, as the comb of a cock; the plume Crimson, krim'zn, n. A
deep-red color tinged with
or other decoration on a hel- blue. — a. Of a deep red color. v. t. —
[crimsoned
met the helmet itself ; the
; (-znd), -soning.] To dye with crimson. v. i. To —
head, as typical of high spirit; become crimson; to blush. [OF. cramoisin, LL.
pride courage. (Her.) An
; cramoisinus, Ar. and Per. qirmisi, crimson, Skr.
appendage placed over the krimija, produced by an insect (i. e., cochineal), fr.
shield. The rising part of a krimi, insect, and jan, to produce; s. rt. carmine.]
horse's neck see Horse. Cringe, krini, v. t. [cringed (krinjd), cringing.^] To
—
:

The foamy, feather-like top cause to shrink, contract, draw together. v. t. To

of a wave. (Fort.) The top draw one's self together as in fear or servility; to
line of a slope, —v. t. To bow obsequiously, fawn. n. Servile civility; a
furnish or adorn with a crest; mean bow. [AS. cringan, to sink in battle, suc-
to serve as a crest for. [OF. —
cumb; s. rt. crank.] Crin^ger, n.
creste, L. crista, crest of a Crest. (Her.) Cringle, krin/gl, n. A
withe for fastening a gate.
bird.] —
Crest'ed, a. Having, etc. Crest-fallen, — (Naut.) An iron ring on the bolt-rope of a sail; a
-fawln, a. With lowered front or hanging head; rope, having a looped end to secure it to a sail. [Ic.
drooping; dejected; cowed. kringla, circle, ring, kringar, pulley Sw. taring, ;

Cretaceous, kre-ta'shus, a. Having the qualities of, or around, D. kring, circle.]

abounding with, chalk. [L. creta, chalk.] Creta'- — Crinite, kri'mt, a. Resembling a tuft of hair. [L.
ceously, adv. crinis, hair.] —
Cri'natory, -ri, a. Pert, to hair.—
Cretic, kre'tik, n. (Gr. & L. Pros.) poetic foot, A Crin'oline, -lin, n. A
lady's stiff petticoat, orig. of —
siin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tnen, bowboN, chair, get.
 .' — — ;

CRINKLE 124 CROSS

hair-cloth, afterwards expanded by hoops. [F. Crocus, kro'kus, n. A
genus of early flowering
crin (L. crinis), hair, and fin (L. linuni), flax. See plants; a mineral powder of a deep yellow or red
Linen.] — Crinose', -n5s', a. Hairy. color. [L. Gr. krokos, crocus, saffron, Skr. kiinku-
;

Crinkle, krinkl, v. t. [crinkled (-kid), -ling.] To ma, Heb. karkom, Ar. karkam, saffron.]
form with short turns or wrinkles. v. i. To run — Croft, kroft ? n. A
small close, or inclosed field, for
in and out in short bends. [Freq. of cringe.] pasture, tillage, etc. [AS.; D. kroft, a hillock.]
Cripple, krip'l, n. One who creeps, halts, or limps. Cromlech, kromlek, n. A
structure of uprighr stones,
—v. t. ("crippled (-pld), -pling.J To deprive of the with flat ones resting on them, found in countries
use of the limbs, esp. of the legs and feet ; to lame formerly occupied by the Celts, and supposed to be
deprive of strength or use, disable. [D. kreupel, sepulchers or druidical altars. [W., fr. crom, bend-
lame, Ic. kryppill, G. krueppel^a. cripple. See Creep.] ing, and llech, flat stone.]
Crisis, kri'sis, n. : pi. -ses, -sez. The decisive mo- Cromorna, kro-mdr'na, n. (Mus.) reed stop in the A
ment; turning-point. (Med.) The change of a dis- organ, of a tone resembling the oboe. [G. Tcrumm-
ease which indicates recovery or death. [L.; Gr. horn, crooked horn.]
krisis, fr. krinein, to decide, separate.] Crone, kron, n. An old woman, usually in con- —
Crisp, krisp, a. Formed into stiff curls or ringlets; tempt; more rarely an aged man. [Ir. and Ga. crion,
having windings or indentations brittle ; friable; dry, withered, W. crino, to wither.] Cro'ny, -nt, —
—
;

effervescing ; sparkling, said of liquors. v. t. — n. Intimate companion; associate; familiar friend.

[crisped (krispt), crisping.] To curl, as the hair; Crook, kro"6k, n. A bend, turn, or curve; device used
to wreathe, as Dranches of trees: to wrinkle or curl as a subterfuge; trick; artifice; an instrument bent
on the surface or edges. —
v. i. To form little curls. at the end, esp. a shepherd's or bishop's staff, v. t. —
[AS.; L. crispus, pern. s. rt. L. carpere, to pluck, E. [crooked (krdokt), crooking.] To turn from a
harvest.'] — Crisp'er, n. One who, or that which, straight line, make crooked, bend, turn from rec-
crisps. — Crisply, adv. —
Crisp'ness, n. Crisply, — titude, pervert. v. i. —
To be bent or curved. [Ic.
-T, a. Formed into short, close ringlets; frizzled; krokr, Sw. krok, Dan. krog, Ga. crocan, W. crwg, a
prepared so as to break short; brittle. hook, crook; s. rt. crochet, cross, crutch.] Crook'- —
Crispin, kris'pin, n. Ashoemaker. [St. Crispin, pa- back, n. One who has a crooked back or round
tron saint of the craft.] shoulders. —
Crook^ed, p. a. Characterized by a
Criss-cross, kris'kros, n. A
mark formed by two crook or curve; bent; not straightforward; perverse.
lines crossing, usually at right angles ; a child's — Crookedly, adv. Crookedness, n.—
game played on paper or a slate. adv. In op- — Croon, kroon, n. A low, continued moan; murmur;
posite directions ; with opposition or hindrance. a simple piece of music; plain, artless melody. —v.
[Corrupt, of Christ-cross.] —
CriBS'-cross-row, n. See t. [crooned (kroond), crooning.] To sing in a
low tone, hum; to soothe by singing softly.
Christ-cross-row. v.i.
Crith, krith, n. (Chem.) The unit of weight for gases, To make a continuous noise in a low, hollow tone,
being 0.0896 gram. [Gr. krithe, a barley-corn.] as cattle do when in pain; to moan; to hum, sing, or
Critic, kritlk, n. One skilled in judging of the murmur softly. [Scot.; onomat.]
merits of literary or art works ; a connoisseur ; a Crop, krop, n. The protuberant stomach of a bird,
harsh judge ; caviler ; carper. —
a. Pert, to, etc. situated in the breast; the craw; the top of any-
[Gr. kritikos, able to judge, krites, a judge, fr. thing, esp. of a plant; that which is cropped or gath-
krinein. See Crisis.] —
Critical, a. Having skill ered from a single field, or of a single kind of grain,
toiudgeof literary or artistic matters; exact; nicely fruit, etc., or in a single season; fruit; harvest.—
judicious ; captious pert, to criticism character- v. t. [cropped (kropt), cropping.] To cut off
;

ized by thoroughness and a reference to principles;

;

the ends of bite or pull off, pluck.

, v.i. (Ceol.) —
pertaining to, or indicating, a crisis or turning- To appear above the surface, as a seam or bed of
point; decisive ; of doubtful issue ; attended with coal; to come to light, be manifest,— with out. [AS.;
risk. — Critically, adv. —
Critlcalness, n.— Criti- D. krop, G. kropf, W. cropa, Ga. and Ir. sgrdoan, a
cise, -siz, v. t. [-cised (-sizd), -cising.] To examine bird's crop; D. kroppen, to cram, grow to a rqund
and judge as a critic; to animadvert on. v. i. To — head.]— Crop'per, n. A
kind of pigeon having a
act as a critic, pass judgment, animadvert.— Critl- large crop; a hurt by a fall from a horse. (Mech.) A
ciser, n. — Criticism, -sizm, n. Art of judging of machine for facing cloth by means of spiral knives.
beauties and faults; judgment passed or expressed; — Crops, n. pi. The region above the shoulder in the
detailed examination and review. Critique'', krT-— ox. —Crop'eared, -era, a. Having the ends of the
tek', n. Art of criticism ; critical examination or ears cut off.
estimate of a work of literature or art; thorough Croquet, kro-ka', n. A
game in which wooden balls
analysis of any subject. [F.] —
Crite'rion, -rt-un, are driven by mallets through hoops arranged on a
n. ; pi. -ria, -rt-a, or -rions. A
standard of judging; lawn. [F., dim. of croc, hook.]
approved or established rule, principle, or test, by Croquette, kro-kef, n. (Cookery.) ball of minced A
comparison with which a judgment is formed. meat, seasoned, and fried. [F ., fr. croquer, to
Croak, krok, v. i. [croaked (krokt), croaking.] To crunch.]
make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or Crosier, kro'zher, n. The official
crow; to forebode evil, grumble. v. t. —
To utter staff of an archbishop, or
in a low, hoarse voice. —
n. The sound of a frog, bishop. [OF. croce, LL. crocia,
raven, etc. [Onomat. ; cf . crake, creak, crow.] — crochia, crook; s. rt. cross.]
Croak'er, n. One who croaks, complains unreason- Cross, kros, n. A gibbet, consist-
ably, or habitually forebodes evil; a small Amer. ing of two timbers placed trans-
fish, which croaks when caught. versely; the theological and re-
Crochet, kro-sha', n. A
kind of netting made with a ligious import of the death of
small hook. —
v. t. To do netting with, etc. [F., Christ; the Christian doctrine;
dim. of croc, a crook.] the gospel; the symbol of
Crock, krok, n. An earthen vessel; pot; pitcher; cup; Christ's death, and hence, of u. 5.
smut collected on pots, kettles, etc. ; soot ; lamp- Christianity; affliction regarded Crosiers,
black. — v. t. To blaeken with soot, or with the
— as a test of virtue; trial; vexa- ,
*" s v91? ?•
coloring matter of cloth. v. i. To give off crock, tion; disappointment. (Arch.)?- ,
smudge, blacken. [AS. crocca, Ic. krukka, Sw. A cross-shaped ornament. The »• Archbishop s.

kruka, D. kruik, G. krug, Ga. crog, W. crochan, pot, cross-like mark signed by
those unable to write; a
pitcher, Skr. karaka, water-pot, karkari, pitcher.] — mixing of breeds or stock, esp. in cattle-breeding;
Crock'ery, -§r-Y, n. Earthen-ware; vessels of clay, product of such intermixture. (Sum.) An instru-
glazed and baked; pottery. ment for laying off off sets perpendicular to the main
Crocket, krok'et, n. (Arch.) course. a. Lying athwart; transverse; intersect-
An ornament in imitation of ing; adverse; contrary; perverse; unfortunate; peev-
bent foliage. [See Crook.] ish or fretful; ill-humored; mutually inverse; inter-
Crocodile, krok-'o-dil, n. A changed. —
v.t. [crossed (krost), crossing.] To
large amphibious reptile of put across or athwart; to draw something, as a line,
Africa and Asia. [F. L. croc-
; across; to pass from one side to the other of; to run
odilus, f r. Gr. krokodeilos, a counter to, thwart, clash or interfere with; to debar;
lizard.] — Crocodile tears. to make the sign of the cross upon; to cancel, erase
False or affected tears hyp- ; to mix the breed of. —
v. i. To lie or be athwart; to
ocritical sorrow.— Crocodil''- pass from one side toward_the other, or from place
ian, -dil't-an, a. Pert, to, to place; to interbreed. d. [Proven, cros, croiz, fr. L.
crocodile.
crux, crucis, cross, orig.
j. gibbet.] —
Crossly, -It, adv.

am, fame, far, Dasa or oj)era, fare ; find, eve, term •, Yn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 3r i
 CROTCH 125 CROWN
In a cross way; peevishly.— Cross'ness, it— Cross'-
wiBe, adv. In the form of a cross; across. — Cross'-
ply of New York.]
of hot, biting taste,
——
oil, n. (Med.)
a powerful drastic cathartic.
A
vegetable oil

lng, re. Act by which anything is crossed; act of in- [Gr., a dog-louse, tick, also the plant whose seeds
terbreeding intersection of roads paved walk yield castor and croton oils, and are shaped like
across a street.
;

—
Cross'' -ac'tion, re. {Law.) An ac-
;

ticks, perh. fr. Gr. krotein, to rattle.]

tion brought by defendant against plaintiff on the Crouch, krowch, v. i. [crouched (krowcht), crouch-
same matter as the original suit.
— bar, re.
A
—
beam running from
trans- A ing.] To bend down, stoop or lie low, bend obse-
quiously, stoop meanly, fawn, cringe [See Crook.]
verse bar. beam, re. (Arch.)
wall to wall of a house. —
bill, n. {Law.)
ant's bill in a chancery or equity suit.
defend-
bill, re.
A
— Croup, kroop, n. The buttocks of certain quadrupeds,
esp. of a horse; place behind the saddle. [F. croupe,
Abird, the mandibles of whose bill curve crupper, hind part of a horse, Ic. kroppr, hunch*
{Ornith.)
in opposite directions, and cross each other.
Aweapon formed by placing a bow crosswise on
bow, — —
hump; same as crop.) Crupper, Crouper, krup'er
in Amer. ; krBp'er in Eng., n. The rump of a h'crsef
n.
a stock. —breed, re.
of different breeds, —-bun, re.
A
breed produced from parents
A
cake marked with
a strap passing under a horse's tail and holding the
— To fit -with, etc. —
across. —
cut, n. A
short eut across. (Mining.)
level driven across the course of a vein. cut-saw, — A
saddle back. v. t. Croupier.
kroo'pY-er or kroo-per', n. One at the lower end of
the table as an assistant-chairman at a dinner; one
n. A saw managed by 2 men, one at each end, for who watches the cards and collects the money at a
cutting large logs crosswise. days, n. pi. (Eccl.) gaming-table. [F.]
The 3 days preceding the Feast of the Ascension. — Croup, kroop, n. (Med.) An inflammatory affection
-exam'ine, v. t. [examined (-ind), -ining.] (Law.) of the larynx or trachea, accompanied by a hoarse
To examine for the purpose of eliciting facts not ringing cough and difficult respiration. [Scot., the

the direct testimony. —

brought out in direct examination or controverting
exam'ina'tion, n. Exam-
disease,also to croak, cry hoarsely; AS. hropan, Ic
hropa, D. roepen, G. rufen, to call.]
Crow, kro, re. A large bird, usually black, uttering a
posite party. —
ination of a witness, called by one party, by the op-
eyed, -id, a. Having the eyes turned
toward the nose, so that they look in directions
harsh, croaking note an iron lever with a claw
;

shaped like a crow's beak; the voice of the cock.—

which cross one another. —
fire, n, (Mil.) The cross-
ing of lines of fire from two or more points. — v. i. [imp. crew or crowed; p.p. crowed (krod)
or (obs.) crown (kron); crowing.] To make the
-grained, -grand, a. Having the grain or fibers shrill sound of a cock; to shout in exultation or de-
crossed; perverse and untractable; contrary; vexa- fiance; to brag; to utter a sound of joy, as an infant.
— -Jack, kro'jak, n. The lower yard
— —
tious. (Naut.) [AS. crawan,D. kraaijen, G. kraehen, to crow; AS.
of the mizzen-mast. legged, -legd, a. Having the crawe, Ic. kraka, a crow; s. rt. crake, croak, crane.}
legs crossed. patch, n. An ill-natured person. — Crow'-bar, re. A
bar of iron, used as a lever.—
A -foot, re. (Bot.) A genus of plants; crow-toe. (Naut.)
—
•piece, n. piece of any structure fitted crosswise.
pur 'pose, n. An
opposing purpose; that which is
inconsistent or contradictory, pi, game in which A —A
Cordage suspending an awning.
keep'er, re. A stuffed figure;
(Mil.)
scarecrow.
A caltrop.
— -quill,
questions and answers concur so as to involve ludi- n. pen made from a crow's feather, also from
crous combinations of ideas. —
To be at cross-pur- steel,— for fine writing or drawing. —
Crow's-feet, n.
poses. To act counter to one another unintention-
ally. —
erence, n.
ques'tion, v. t. To cross-examine.
A
ref-
reference made from one part of a book
pi. Wrinkles at the outer corners of the eyes.—
-nest, re. (Naut.)
Crowd, krowd, v. t. To
A
look-out place on a mast.
press or drive together; to fill
to another, where the same or a similar subject is by pressing, encumber by excess of numbers or
road. — —
treated of. road, n. A
road crossing another; by-
ruff, re. The play in whist when partners
trump different suits, and lead accordingly. sea, —
quantity
courteously.
; to press by solicitation, dun, treat dis-
—v. i. To press together in numbers,
swarm; to urge or press forward. re. —
number of:A
n. (Naut.) A
chopping sea, caused by waves run- persons or things closely pressed together; the lower
ning in different directions.
necting the rails of a railroad.
tie, n. —— sleeper con-
tree, n. (Naut.)
A
A
orders of people; throng; multitude; vulgar; rabble.
[AS. creodan. to crowd, press, D. kruijen, to push (a
timber at the upper ends of the lower masts. — wheelbarrow), drive AS. croda, a crowd.]
; To —
Crosslet, re. A
small cross. (Her.) cross whose A crowd sail. (Naut.) To 6et an extraordinary spread
arms are terminated with small crosses, or again of sail. — Crowd'er, n.
crossed near the end.— Crucial, kroo'shal, a. Formed Crown, krown, re. Awreath encircling the head, esp.
like, or pert, to, a cross; severe; searching, as if by as a badge of merit, dignity, or power; a jeweled cap
Buffering on the cross. [F.] —
Cru'ciate, -shY-at, a. or fillet worn on the head as an emblem of sover-
{Bot.) Having leaves or petals arranged crosswise. eignty; any object sought for as a prize; anything
— Cruciferous, -Sr-us, a. Bearing a cross. (Bot.) imparting beauty, dignity, or distinction; one enti-
Cruciate. [L. ferre, to bear.] —
Cru'cify, -sT-fi, v. t. tled to a regal or imperial crown; the sovereign; re-
[-Cified (-fid), -fying.] To fasten to a cross; de- fal or imperial power; sovereignty; royalty; a coin
stroy the power of, subdue completely. [OF. cruci- earing the image of a crown topmost part of any-
—
;

Jier, fr. L. figere, fixum, to fix.] Crucifixion, -fik'- thing; the part of a hat above the brim and the flat
ehun, n. Act of, etc.; death on the cross; intense circular part at the top. (Arch.) The highest mem-
suffering. — Cru'ciflx, n. Figure of a cross, with ber of a cornice; summit of any part of a building.
—
Christ upon it. Cru'ciform, a. Cross-shaped. (Bot.)
Having 4 equal petals, disposed crosswise. Cru- —
(Bot.) An appendage at the top of the claw of some
petals; the head of a root: see Root. (Naut.) That
cigerous, -sij'gr-us, a. Bearing, or marked with, part of an anchor where the arms join the shank;
etc. [L. gerere, to bear.] —
Crusade, -sad', n. me- A also, bights formed by turns of a cable. v. U —
diaeval military expedition to recover the Holy Land [crowned (krownd), crowning.] To invest with a
from the Mohammedans; any expedition for a re- crown, or with royal dignity; to adorn, dignify; to
ligious purpose a hot-headed or fanatical enter-
; form the topmost part of, complete, perfect. (Mil.)
prise. [Proven, crosada, F. croisade.] Crusad'er, — To effect a lodgment upon. [OF. corone, crown, L.
n. One engaged in, etc. —
Crusa'do, n. A Portu- corona. See Corona.] —
Crown'er, re. Crown'- —
guese coin, having a cross stamped upon it. [Pg. glass, n. The finest window-glass, formed in large
cruzado, f r. cruz, cross.]
Crotch, kroch, n. Place of division, as of a trunk into
circular plates or disks. —
impe'rial, n. (Bot.)
plant of the lily family, having showy, drooping
A
branches; fork; a forked piece of wood, metal, etc.
[F. croc, a hook, Ic. krokr, a crook. See Crook.] -
flowers. — law, re. In Eng., that part of common law
applying to criminal matters. law'yer, n. One
Crotch'et, who acts for the crown, or pleads in criminal cases.
n.
— office, re. (Eng. Law.j A
department of the Court
of King's or Queen's Bench, commonly called the
crown side of the court, which takes cognizance of
criminal cases. —pa'per, re. Paper of a particular

of which may turn up or down according to its situ-

—
size, which formerly had the water-mark of a crown.
post, re. (Arch.) See King-post.
The prince royal who succeeds to the crown. saw,
— —
prince, re.

ation. (Print.) A bracket. See Bracket. Acrooked Atubular saw, —

a hollow cylinder with
or perverse fancy; whim; conceit. [Same as crochet;
dim. of F. croc.] —
Crotch'ety, -T, a. Given to
re. (Mech.)
teeth on the edge. —
wheel, re. (Mach.)
with cogs at right angles to its plane.
wheel
work, n.—A
crotchets; whimsical. (Fort.) An outwork running into the field, consist"
Croton-bug, kro' tun-bug, n. (Entom.) kind of cock- A ing of two demi-bastions at the extremes, and a bas-
roach. [Perh. in reference to the Croton water sup- tion in the middle, with curtains.

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ' ; — — ;

CRUCIAL 126 CUBE

Crucial, Crucify, Crucifix, etc. See under Cross. placed under the arm for support in walking. [D.
Crucible, kroo'sY-bl, n. chemical A krul; Sw. krycka, G. kruecke,hh. crocia. See Crook.]
vessel or melting-pot, capable of — Crutched, krucht, p. a. Supported on crutches
enduring great neat without in- marked with the sign of the cross. Crutched friar. — ;

jiwy. [LL. crucibulum, a hanging (Eccl.) One of a religious order, whose members bore
.

lamp, also melting-pot, fr. OF. the sign of the cross, —

crossed friar, crouched friar.
cruche, earthen pot, creuset, B. Cry, kri, v. i. [cried (krid), crying.] To speak, call,
kroes, pot, crucible.] or exclaim loudly to vociferate, proclaim; to weep
;

Crude, krood, a. In its natural and sob; to bawl, as a child; to utter inarticulate
state; not cooked or prepared for
Crucible sounds, as animals. v. t. —
To utter loudly or vehe-
use; raw: unripe; immature; not mently to advertise by outcry.
; n. loud utter- — A
reduced to order or form; undigested; hasty and ill- ance; outcry; clamor: expression of triumph, won-
considered; displaying superficial and undigested der, pain, distress, etc. public advertisement by
;

knowledge. (Paint.) Coarsely done; not accurately outcry a pack of hounds. [OF. crier, It. gridare,
;

colored. [L. crudus, raw; s. rt. Skr. krura, sore, cruel, Sp. gritt or, fr. L. nuiritare, to shriek, freq. of qveri,
E. raw.] —
Crude' ly, adv. —
Crude'ness, Cru'dity, to lament.]— To cry up. To extol publicly. To c. —
-dt-tt, n._ Condition of being, or that which is, etc. down. To decry, depreciate, dispraise, condemn.
Cruel, kroo'el, a. Disposed to give pain causing, ; Crying, a. Calling for notice compelling regard;
or fitted to cause, pain, grief, or misery; savage; in- notorious heinous.; —
Cri'er, n. One who, etc.
;

human pitiless. [OF.; I.. crudelis; s. rt. crudus.

; esp. an officer who proclaims the orders of a court
See Crude.] —
Cru'elly, -el-lt, a<h\ Cru'elty, -ti, — or gives public notice by proclamation.
n. Character of being, etc.; a cruel deed. Cryolite, kn'o-lit, n. (Min.) mineral found only A
Cruet, kroo'et, n. A small glass bottle for vinegar, in the gneissof Greenland, which melts easily: com-
oil, etc.; a caster. [OF. creuset, D. kruik, kroes, pitch- mercial ore of aluminium. [F. cryolithe, fr. Gr. k)~uos,
er, jug. See Crucible.] hoar-frost, and lithos, stone.]
Cruise. See Cruse. Crypt, kript, n. A subterranean cell or cave esp. a ;

Cruise, krobz, v. i. [cruised (kroo?d), cruising.] To vault under a church, for burial purposes. (Arch. >

go back and forth on the ocean ; to wander hither The space under a building subterranean chapel
—
;

and thither on land. n. A

voyage without settled hiding-place. [L. a-i/pta, Gr. krupte, fr. kruptein. to
course. [D. kruisen, to cross, crucify, also to cruise, hide; s. rt. grot.] —
Cryp'tic, -tical, a. Hidden; se-
or traverse backwards and forwards, fr. kruis, F. cret; occult. —
Cryptogam, n. (Bot.) flowerless A
croix, L. crux, cross.] —
Cruis'er, n. One who, or a plant, or one which does not fructify by means usu-
ship that, cruises. al to others. [Gr. gamos, marriage.] Cryptoga'mi- —
Cruller, kruKl5r, n. A
kind of crisp sweet-cake boiled an, -gamlc, Cryptog'amous, -mus, a. Pert, to cryp-
in fat. [Sw. krullig, crisp. See Curl.] togams, or to cryptogamy having the fructification
—
;

Crumb, krum, n. A
small fragment or piece, esp. of concealed. Cryptog'amy, -mT, n. Concealed fruc-
bread ; the soft part of bread. v. t. To break into — tification. —
Cryptography, -IT, n. Art of writing
crumbs or small [AS. cruma, D. kruim, G.
pieces. in secret characters secret characters or cipher.
;

krume, a crumb; D. kruimekn, G. kruemeln, to crum-
ble.]— Crumb'-cloth, w. A cloth under a table to
receive falling fragments. Crum'ble, -bl, n. A
very small fragment small crumb. ;v. t. [crum-
bled (-bid), -bling.] To break into small pieces.—
v.i. To fall or break into, etc., decav. perish.—
Cram''bly,-blY,a. Easily crumbled; brittle.— Crum'-
a. Full of crumbs
my, -ml, soft not crusty.
Crumpet, krum'pet, n. A
kind of soft bread-cake,
not sweetened. [W. crempog, pancake, fritter.]
Crumple, km m'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To
press into wrinkles or folds, rumple. v. i. To
shrink irregularly, wrinkle. [Freq. of cramp.]
[Gr. graphein, to write.] Cryptol'ogy, -jT. n. Se- —
cret or enigmatical language. [Gr. logos, discourse.]
— — Cryp'tonym, -nim, a. A concealed name, known
— only to the initiated. [Gr. onoma, name.]
Crystal, kris'tal, n. (Chem. and Min.) The regu-
lar form which a substance assumes in solidify-
ing ;a fine kind of glass ; glass of a watch case. —
; ; a. Of, or like, crystal clear ; transparent.
; [OF.
cristal, L. crystallnm, fr. Gr. krustaUos, clear ice,
rock-crystal, fr. krvstainein. to freeze, fr. kruos,
frost.] —Crystalline, -lln, o. Of crystal ; having a
— texture produced by crystallization ; imperfectly
— crystallized resembling'crystal pure clear pel-
; ; ; ;

Crum'pling, n. A small, withered apple. lucid.— Crystalline fnonor, or lens. white, trans- A
Crunch, krunch, v. i. (crunched (kruncht), crunch- parent, firm substance, formed like a convex lens,
ing.] To chew with violence and noise, craunch ; in the vitreous humor of the eye : see Eye. Crys'- —
to grind or press noisily. [Onomat. D. schransen, ; tallize, -liz, v. t. [-lized (-ftzd), -lizing.] To eause
to eat heartily.] to form crystals, or assume crystalline form. v. i.
Cruor, kroo'or, n. Gore coagulated blood. [L.] To be converted into, etc. Crys'talliza'tion, n. —
Crupper. See under Croup.
;

Act of, or thing formed by, etc. Crystallography, —

Crural, kroo'ral, a. Pert, to the leg; shaped like a leg -fT, n. Doctrine or science of, or treatise on, crys-
or root. [I>. crus, cruris, leg.] tallization. [Gr. graphein, to write.]
Crusade, Crusado. See under Cross. Ctenoid, ten'oid, n. A fish having unenameled scales,
Cruse, kroos, n. A small cup or bottle. [7c. krus, a jagged at the edges. [Gr. kteis, ktenos, a comb, and
pot, Sw. krus, mug, Dan. kraus, jug, D. kroes, cup, eidos, form.]
crucible. See Crock, Cruet.] Cru'set, n. — A Cub, kub, n. A young animal, esp. the young of the
goldsmith's crucible or melting pot. bear. —
v. t. or i. [cubbed (kubd), -wng.] To bring
Crush, krush, v. t. [crushed (krusht), crushing.] forth (animals). [Ir. cuib, cub, whelp, cu, dog, W.
To press and bruise between hard bodies to over- ; cenau, whelp, ci, dog; s. rt. L. conis, dog, E. hound.]
whelm by pressure to overcome completely, sub-
; Cube, kub, n. (Geom.) A regular solid boriv, with
due, ruin v. i.
. —
To be pressed into a smaller com- six equal square sides. (Arith.)
pass by external force to be condensed. — n. A ; The product of a number multi-
violent compression. [OF. cruisir, to crack, break, plied twice into itself as, 4X4 ;

Sw. krysta, Dan. kryste, Ic. kreista, kreysta, to =16x4=64, the cube of 4.— v. t.
squeeze.] —
Crush'er, n. [CUBED (kubd), CUBING.] To
Crust, krust, n. The hard, external covering of any- raise to the third power, by multi-
thing; any concretion. v. t. —
To cover with a hard plying a number into itself twice.
case, or crust; to incrust, envelop, v. i. To gather — [F. ; L. cubm, Gr. kubos.] Cube Cube. —
into a hard crust to concrete or freeze at the sur-
; root. (Arith.) The number or quantity which,
face. [OF. cntste, L. crusta, crust of bread Ir. ; multiplied into itself, and then into the product,
cruaidh, hard, Gr. kruos, frost.] Crust'y, -T, a. Of — produces a certain cube; thus, 3 is the cube root of
the nature of erust hard of a harsh exterior or
; 27. — Cu'bic, Cu'bical, a. Having the form or prop-
—
;

rough manner; surly; morose. Crust'ily, adv.— erties of a cube contained, or capable of being
;

Crustiness, n. —
Cnista'cea, -she-a, n. pi. One of contained, in a cube. Cubic equation. An equation
the classes of articulated animals, including lob- in which the highest power of the unknown quan-
sters, shrimps, and crabs, which have a crust-like tity is a cube. —C.foot. A solid foot, equivalent to
shell covering the body and legs. Crusta'cean, n. — a cubical solid, which measures a foot in each of its
An animal of the class Crustacea. a. Pert, to, — dimensions. —
C. number. A number produced by
etc. —Crusta'ceol'ogy, n. Science of the Crusta-
— multiplying a number into itself, and that product
cea malacostracology. [Gr. logos, discourse.]
; by the same number. Cu'bicalry, adv. —Cu'bic- —
Crusta'ceous, -shus, a. Pert, to, or having, a crust- alness, ».— Cu'bature, -chur, n. Process of determin-
like shell crustacean. ing the cubic contents of a body. Cu'biform, a. —
Crutch, kruch, n.
;

A
staff with a cross-piece, to be Cube-shaped. [L. forma, form.] Cu'boid, -boW- —
2m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Tee : 5dd, tone, 6r
 CUBEB 127 CUNNING
al, a.Having nearly the form of, or resembling, a Cullls, kuKlis, n. A
fine and strong broth; a savory
cube. [Gr. eidos, form.]— Cu'bo-cube, n. (Math.) jelly. [F. coulis, fr. router, to strain, fr. L. colare, to
The 6th power. —
Cu'bo-cu'bo-cube, n. 9th power. filter, strain.] (Arch.) A
gutter in a roof; a chan-
Cubeb, ku'beb, n. A small, spicy, tropical berry, nel. [F. coulisse, groove.]
stimulant and purgative. [Hind, kababa.] Cully, kuKU, n. An associate of prostitutes one ;

Cubit, ku'bit, n. (Anat.) The fore-arm. A measure easily deceived; a mean dupe.— v. t. To trick,
of length, —the distance from the elbow to the end cheat, or impose on; to deceive. [L. colevs, culeus,
of the" middle finger. [L. cubitus, lit. bend, elbow, the scrotum, OF. couUlon, coillon, a vile fellow.]
Gr. kuptein, to bend.] —
Cu'bital, a. Pert, to the cu- Culm, kulm, n. (Bot.) The stalk or stem of corn and
bit or ulna; of the length of, etc. grasses. [L. cubitus, stalk, stem.] (Min.) Anthra-
Cucking-stool, kuk'ing-stool, n. A ducking-stool, in cite coal, esp. when foundin small masses; glance-
which scolds, etc., were fastened and plunged into coal. [W. civlru, knot or tie.] Culmif'erous, -ei-'.i-, —
the water. [Pern, corrupt, fr. ducking-stool.] a. Bearing culms, or producing straw; containing
Cuckoo, kot>k / od, n. A
bird, named from its note, which glance-coal. [L..ferre, to bear.]
lays its eggs an Culminate, kullni-nat, v. i. To reach the highest
other birds' point of altitude, or of rank, size, numbers, etc.
nests. [Onomat. a. Growing upward, as disting. fr. lateral growth.
F. coucou, L. cu- [L. culmen, same as columeu, top. See Column.] —
culus, Gr. kok- Culmina'tion, n. Attainment of, etc. passage ;

kux , Skr. ko- across the meridian; transit.

kila.] — Cuck'- Culpable, kuKpa-bl, a. Deserving censure; worthy
oo-spiVepit'tle. ot blame; faulty; censurable. [OF., fr. L. culpare,
n. An exuda- -atum. to blame, f r. cidpa, fault.] Cul'pableness, —
tion or spume -biKity, -tl, n. —
Cul'pably, adr. Cul'prit, ». One —
on some accused or convicted of crime; a criminal. [Prob.
plants, esp. corrupt, fr. culpate.]
about the Cultus, kuKtus, Cult, n. Homage; worship: a system
joints of lav- of religious belief, worship, or rites. [L. cultus,
ender and care, reverence, fr. colere, cultum, to cultivate.] —
rosemary. — Cul'tivate, w. t. To till, fertilize; to direct special
Cuck'old, n.' attention to, foster, cherish to improve by labor, ;

A man whose care, or study; to civilize, refine. [F. cultiver, LL.

wife is un- American Cuckoo. cultivare, -atum, fr. L. colere.] Cul'tivable, a.— —
faithful.— v. t. To make a cuckold of. [OF. cou- Cultiva'tion, n. Art or practice of, etc.; tillage;
cvol, fr. coucou. fostering care civilization; state of being culti- ;

Cucullate, ku'kut-lat or -kul'lat, -lated, a. Covered, vated ; advancement in physical, intellectual, or

as with a hood or cowl, resembling a hood. [L. moral condition refinement; culture.
, Cultiva- —
cucullus, cap, cowl.] One who, etc.;
tor, -ter, n.
Cucumber, ku'kum-bgr, n. A
creeping plant and its an implement used in the
fruit. [L. cucumis, -meris.] growing crops, tot
tillage of
Cucurbit, -bite, ku-k§r'bTt, n. chemical vessel A loosen the surface of the
used in distillation, orig. of the shape of a gourd. earth. —
Culture. kuKchur,
[L. cucurhita, a gourd.] —
CucurTjita'ceous, -shus, a. n. Act
of, etc.: cultivation;
(Bot.) Of, or like, the melon and cucumber family. refinement of mind or man-
Cud, kud, n. Food brought up into the mouth by ners. —v. t. [cultured Cultivator,
ruminating animals from their 1st stomach, and (-churd), -Turing.] To cultivate. [F.; L. ctdtura.]
chewed a 2d time; a piece of chewing tobacco; quid. Culteri kul'ter, ?i. A colter. See Colter. [L.,
[Fr. rt. of AS. ceowan, to chew; same as quid.] knife.] —
Cul'trate, -trated, a. (Bot. & Ornith.)
Cuddle, kud'dl, v. i. [cuddled (-did), -dling.] To Sharp-edged and pointed, like a pruning knife.
lie close or snug to squat, crouch, snuggle.
; [AS. Culverin, kul'ver-in, n. A
long and slender piece of
cudh, familiar, D. kudde, a flock, OD. cudden, to ordnance, formerly used. [OF. couleuvrine, fr.
flock together.] —
Cud'dy, -dt, n. (Xaut.) small A coulenvre, L. colubra, serpent, adder.]
cabin in a boat. A
very small apartment. Culvert, kuKvert, n. An arched drain for water un-
Cudgel, kuj'el, n. A
short, thick stick ; club. —v. t. der a road, canal, etc. [OF. cotdouere, gutter, fr.
[cudgeled (-eld), -eling.] To beat. [W. cogyl, colder, to flow, L. colure, to filter.]
Ga. cuaitte, club.] —
Cud'geler, n. Culvertailed, kuKrer-tald, a. United, as pieces of
Cue, ku, n. A tail esp. a tail-like twist of hair at the
; timber, by a dove-tailed joint. [AS. culfre, L.
back of the head last words of an actor's speech,
; columba, dove.]
regarded as a hint for the succeeding player to Cumber, kum'ber, v. t. [-bered (-herd), -Bering.]
speak; hint or intimation; the part one is to perform; To hang or rest on as a troublesome weight: to be
a straight rod used in playing billiards. [F. queue, burdensome or oppressive to; to ciog. obstruct, em-
OF. coe, L. coda, cauda. tail.] barrass, impede. [OF. combrer, to hinder, LL.
Cuff, kuf , n. A blow with the open hand a stroke ; ; cumbrus, a heap, corrupt, fr. L. cumulus.] Cum'ber- —
box; buffet.— v. t. [cuffed (kuft), cuffing.] To some, -sum, a. Burdensome or hindering; not easily
strike with the flat of the hand, as a man ; or with managed oppressive ; vexatious. —
Cum /'bersome-
talons or wings, as a fowl. [Sw. kuffa, to thrust, push, ly, adv. —
;

Cum'bersomeness. n. — Cum'brance,
kufva, to suppress, cow.] —
n. The fold at the end -brans,n. Encumb:ance. — Cum /'brous, -b'^s. a.
of a sleeve. [S. rt. coif.] Rendering action difficult; giving trouble. — Cum'-
Cuirass, kwe-ras', n. A
piece of armor, covering the brously. adv. — Cum^brousness, n. — Cu'mulate,
body from neck to girdle. [OF. cuirace, LL. coratia, -lat, v. t. To heap together: amass. [L. cumulare,
breastplate, fr. L. corium (F. cuir), hide, leather.] — -latum, fr. cumulus.] — Cumula^tion, n. Act of, etc.;
Cuirassier, -ser', n. A
soldier armed with, etc. [F] a heap. — Cu'mulative, -tiv, a. Forming a mass ;

finish, kwis, n. Defensive armor for the thighs. [F. aggregated; augmenting gaining or giving force ;

cuisse, thigh, fr. L. coxa, hip.] by successive additions. (Law.) Given by the
Cuisine, kwe-zen', n. The kitchen style of cooking same testator to the same legatee, — said of a legacy.
cookery. [F., fr. L. coquina, for cuhna, kitchen, fr.
; ;

— Cu'muluB, n. (Meteor.) One of the four primary

coquere, to cook.] —
Cu'linary, -na-rT, a. Pert, to the forms of clouds. — being massed, and often bringing
kitchen or cookery. rain. [L.] — Cu mulc-8tra 'tus, n. A form of cloud
/ /

Culdee, kul-de', n. A
monk of an order once estab- between cumulus and stratus, which is in layers.
lished in Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. [Corrupt, Cumfrey. See Comfrey.
fr. L. Cult or Dei, worshiper of God; Ir. ceilede, fr. Cumin, kum'in, n. An umbelliferous plant, resem-
ceile, servant, and de, gen. of dia, God.] bling fennel, and having aromatic seeds. [L. cum-
Cul-de-sac, koold'sak', n. A
street closed at one end; inum, Gr. kvminon, Heb. kammon.]
a trap. (Mil.) A
position in which an army has no Cunctative, kunk'ta-tiv, a. Causing or prone to de-
exit but to the front. (Nat. Hist.) bag-shaped A lay; tardy. [L. cunctari, -tatus, to delay.]
cavitv, or organ, open only at one end. [FH Cuneal. ku'ne-al. -neate, -neated, -neat'ic, -niform,
Cull, kill, v. t. [culled (kuld), culling.] To sepa- -ne'iform, a. Having the form of a wedge; pert, to
rate, select, or pick out. [OF. coillir, cueillir, L. the wedge shaped characters in ancient Persian
colligere, to collect.] —
CulPer, n. One who, etc.; and Assyrian inscriptions. [L. cuneus,* wedge, and
esp. one who selects wares for market. forma, form.]
Cullender. See Colander. Cunning, kun'ning. Well-instructed skillful ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; lingei or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ;; ; — ;

CUP 128 CURSE

experienced given to underhand maneuvering
; pare for preservation by drying, salting, etc. v. i. —
artfully deceitful; sly; crafty; exhibiting skill or To effect a cure to be healed. [OF. L. cura, cure
; ;

craft; ingenious; curious, —n. Faculty or act of perh. s. rt. L. cavere, to pay heed to not s. rt. E.
using stratagem deceit art. [Ic. kunnandi,
; care, q. v.] —
Cur'er, n. Cur'able, a. That may— ;

knowledge, fr. kunna, AS. cunnan, to know.]

;

— be, etc. —
Cur'ableness, -ability, n. Cureless, a. —
Cun'niiigly, adv. Cun'ning-ness, n. — Incurable. —
Cur'ative, -tiv, a. Pert, to the cure of
Cup, kup, n. A small drinking vessel; contents of a diseases tending to cure.
; Cura'tor, -ter, n. — A
cup; cupful; a drink composed of wine iced and superintendent, as of a museum, etc. trustee;
flavored that which must be endured portion
; ; ;
guardian. [L.] —
Cu'rate, -rat, n. One who has
;

lot. (Surg.) A
cupping-glass, pi. Repeated pota- the cure of souls; orig., any clergyman; now, an
tions ; revelry drunkenness. v. t.
; [cupped — assistant to a rector or vicar. Perpetual curate. —
(kupt), cupping.] To supply with cups. (Surg.) One not removable at pleasure. Cu'racy, -si, n. —
To bleed by scarification and a cupping-glass. [AS. Office or employment of, etc. Cu'rious, -rl-us, a. —
cuppe, fr. L. cupa, vat, cask, Gr. kupellon, cup, fr. Solicitous to be correct; careful; scrupulous; ex-
kupe, a hollow, Skr. kupa, a well, hollow. See hibiting care; artfully constructed; eager to learn;
Coop.] —
Cup'ping, n. (Surg.) Operation of habitually inquisitive; inviting and rewarding in-
drawing blood with a cupping-glass. Cup'ping- — quisitiveness; singular. [F. curieux, OF. curios, L.
glass, n. A
glass cup to be applied to the skin, to curiosus, careful, fr. cura.} Cu'riously, adv. Cu'- — —
draw blood by exhausting the air. Cup-bearer, n. — riousness, n. —
Curios'ity, -I-tl, n. State of being,
One who fills and hands the cups at an entertain- etc.; scrupulousness; disposition to inquire, investi-
ment. — Cup'board, kub'Srd,
closet with n. A gate, or seek after knowledge inquisitiveness;
shelves, for cups, plates, etc. Cu'pel, n. small — A
;

that which is curious, or fitted to excite or reward

vessel used in refining precious metals; a shallow attention. [F. curiosM, L. curiositas.] Cu'rio, n. ; —
crucible. —
Cupel', v. t. To separate by means of a pi. -Rios, -rT-oz. An
article of virtu from abroad,
cupel; refine. [L. cupella, dim. of cupa.] Cupella'- — esp. f r. China or Japan. [Abbr. of curiosity.] Cure, —
tion, n. The analyzing or refining of gold, silver, ku-ra', n. A curate;
parson. [F.]
etc., in a cupel. Cu'pola, -la, — Curfew, ker'fu, n. The ringing of a bell at nightfall,
n. ; pi. -las, -laz. (Arch.) A orig. a signal to cover fires, extinguish lights, and
spherical vault on the top of retire to rest. [OF. couvre-feu, f r. couvrir, to cover,
an edifice. The round top of and/ew, fire.]
a furnace; the furnace itself. Curl, kSrl, v. t. [curled (kerld), curling.] To twist
[It., fr. L. cupula, a little cask, or form into ringlets or coils; to deck as with curls;
dim. of cupa.] Cu'pule, -pul, — to raise in waves or undulations; to ripple. v. i.
n. (Bot.) A little cup, as of To bend into ringlets, as hair; to move in curves,
the acorn. (Nat. Hist.) A fleshy spirals, or undulations. n. —
ringlet, esp. of hair; A
concave disk by which cuttle- an undulating or curving line flexure; sinuosity; ;

fish, etc., grasp and cling. a disease in potatoes, in which the leaves seem
Cupidity, ku-pid'T-tt, n. Eager curled and shrunk up. [D. krul, Dan. krolle, a
desire for possession, esp. of curl D. krullen, Dan. krolle, Sw. dial, krulla, to
;

wealth covetousness lust. curl; Sw. krullig, crisp, D. kreuk, Dan. krog, Sw.
;

[F. cupidity, L. cupiditas, fr.

;

krok, a crook.] —
Curl'er, n. CurKy, -T, a. Hav- —
cupere, to desire, whence Cu-
Cupola.
ing curls; tending to curl. Curl'iness, n. CurK- — —
pido, Cupid, god of love.] ing-irons, -tongs, n. ; pi. instrument for curl- An
Cupreous, ku'pre-us, a. Of or resembling copper ing hair.
coppery. [L. cupreus, fr. cuprtim, copper.] Cu- Curlew, ker'lu, n. A wading — ;

priferous, -er-us, a. Containing or affording cop- bird, of the snipe kind.

per, [h.ferre, to bear.] —
Cu'prite, -prit, n. (Chem.) [Named fr. its cry OF. ;

A salt consisting of cuprous acid and a base. (Min.) corlieu. It. chiurlo, Sp. chi-
Red copper ore. orlito, LL. corlinus.]
Cur, kSr, n. A
worthless or degenerate dog; a worth- Curmudgeon, ker-muj r un, n.
less, snarling fellow. [Sw. kurre ; OD. korre, dog, An avaricious fellow miser; ;

Ic. hurra, to murmur, grumble.] Cur'rish, a. niggard —

churl. [Corrupt, ;

Like a cur quarrelsome churlish. Cur'nshly, —

fr. corn-mudging, corn-
adv. —
Cur'rishness, n.
; ;

hoarding; ME. muchen, OF.

—
Curable, Curate, Curator, etc. See under Cure. mucer, to hide.] Curmud''-
Curlew.
Curacoa, koo-ra-so', n. A cordial, flavored with geonly,
orange-peel, cinnamon, and mace, first made in Currant, ant, kur'rant, n. A small dried grape, used in
the island of Curacoa. cookery; a garden shrub, and its berry. [Fr. Cor-
Curare, -ri, ku-ra're, n. A South American vegetable inth, Greece, whence raisins were exported.]
poison used by Indians upon arrows, etc., —
de- Current, kur'rent, a. Running or moving rapidly;
stroying control by the nerves of the voluntary #
now passing or present, in its progress; circulating
muscles. [Written urari, woorali, ivourari, etc.] through the community; generally received; com-
Curassow, ku-ras'so, n. A So. Amer. bird having a mon.— n. A stream, esp. of a fluid; ordinary pro-
short, compressed bill, much arched from the base, cedure; progressive and connected movement. [OF.
and the orbits and cheeks more or less naked. curant, p. pr. of curre, L. currere, to run.] Cur'- —
Curb, kgrb, n. A check or hindrance; esp. a chain or rently, adv. Cur'rentness, n. Cur'rency, -st, n. — —
strap upon a horse's bit, which may be drawn tight- State or quality of being current; general accept-
ly against the lower jaw; a wall to hold back a mass ance circulation current value general estima- ; :

of earth in its place; a wall set within or round the tion; TTioney. Cur'ncle, -rt-kl, n. Achaisedrawn — ;

mouth of a well; a curb-stone. —v. t. [curbed by two horses abreast. [L. curriculum, a course,
(kSrbd), curbing.] To bend to one's will, restrain, also a light car, dim. fr. currere.]— Curriculum, n.
confine; to furnish with a curb, as a well; to re- A racecourse; a specified course of study. [L.]
strain by a curb, as a bank of earth. [F. courber, L. Curry, kur'rT, v. t. [curried (kur'rid), currying.]
curvare, to bend s. rt. curve.] Curb'roof, n. A —
To dress by scraping, cleansing, beating, smoothing,
roof having a double slope; gambrel
;

roof; mansard and coloring, said of leather; to comb, rub, or —

roof. stone, n. A
stone placed edgewise against cleanse the skin of, said of a horse. [OF. conroier, — (

earth or stonework to prevent its giving way. courroyer, to dress leather, f r. conroi, equipage, gear,
Curd, kerd, n. The coagulated or thickened part of fr. con and roi, array, order, Sw. reda, Dan. rede,
milk, eaten as food, also of any liquid, —v. t. To order, Ic. reidhi, tackle s. rt. array, ready.] To ;
—
|

curdle congeal. v. i. —
To become coagulated or curry favor. To seek to gain favor by flattery, or
;

thickened to separate into curds and whey. [Ir. officious civilities. [ME. favell, a horse.] Cur'rier, —
cruth,G&. gruth, curds.]
;

Curd'y, -T, a. Like, or —-rT-5r, n. A dresser of leather.— Cur'ry-comb, -kom,

full of, etc. —
Cur'dle, -dl, v. i. and t (curdled n. An instrument for cleaning horses.
.

(-did), -dling.] To change into curd, coagulate or Curry, kur'rY, n. A kind of sauce used in India, con-
concrete; to thicken, congeal. taining pepper and other spices; a stew of fowl, fish,
Cure, kur, n. Spiritual charge; care of souls; office etc., with curry sauce. v. t. To cook with curry. —
of a curate; curacy; medical care; remedial treat- [Pers. khur, meat, flavor, taste, khurdi, broth.]
ment of disease successful remedial treatment ; Curse, kgrs, v. t. [cursed (kSrst) or curst, cursing.]
restoration to health; remedy; restorative. v. t. —
To wish evil against, execrate to bring evil upon, ;

—
(cured (kiird), curing]. To heal, restore to health, vex, harass or torment, injure. v. i. To use pro-
soundness, or sanity; to remedy, remove to pre- fane language, swear. ;n. Imprecation of evil; —
ftm. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 CURSIVE 129 CUTLET
malediction; imprecation; that which brings evil or con and suere, to be accustomed; perh. fr. suus, one's
affliction torment.
; [AS. cursian, to curse, curs, a own.] —
Cus'tomable. a. Common; habitual; sub-
curse perh. fr. Sw. korsa, Dan. ko>se, to make the ject to the payment of duties.— Cus'tomably, -arily,
;

sign of the cross, Sw. and Dan. kors, cross.] Curs''- — -rY-lY, adv. In a customary manner habitually.— ;

ed, a. Blasted by, or deserving, etc. execrable; Cus'tomary, a. According to custom established
—
;

hateful. Curs'ealy, adv. Curs 'or, n. — by common usage; conventional. (Law.) Holding
;

Cursive, kSr'siv, a. Running rapid flowing. [L. or held by custom. — Cus'tomer, n. One who fre-
—
; ;

currere, cursum, to run.] Cur'sory, -so-rY, a. Char- quents a place to buy; a purchaser buyer.— Ugly ;

acterized by haste hastily performed superficial : customer. One difficult to manage. — Cus'tom-
—
;

careless. —
Cur'sorily, adv. Cur'sorinesB, n. house, n. The building where duties are paid, and
Curt, kert, a. Characterized by brevity short con- ; ; vessels entered or cleared.
cise abrupt crusty. [L. "curtus, clipped s. rt. Cut, kut, v. t. [cut, cutting.] To separate the parts
;

shear.]— Curtly, adv.

;

Curfness, n. — Curtail, — ;

of with a sharp instrument to make an incision in, :

-tSK, v. t. [-tailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To cut short, divide, sever; to hew, as wood; or mow and reap, as
abridge, diminish. [OF. courtault, courtaut, docked, grain or corn ; to remove bv cutting; to dock to ;

fr. court, short, L. curtus.] shape by cutting, carve, hew out to wound the ;

Curtain, ker'tin, n. A movable cloth screen or cover- sensibilities of to intersect, cross ; to castrate or
—
;

ing intended to darken or conceal. (Fort.) Part of geld. v. i. To serve in dividing or gashing; to ad-
the rampart and parapet between the flanks of two mit of incision or severance to divide, sever, inter-
bastions. —
v.t. [curtained (-tind'), -taining.] To sect, etc.: to run rapidly to divide a pack of cards, ;
;

inclose, or furnish, with curtains. [OF. cortine, cur- to decide the deal or trump, —n. An opening made
tine, a curtain, fr. LL. cortina, small court, inclos- with a sharp instrument a cleft gash wound a
ure, rampart, dim. of cors, cortis, a court.] Cur'- — stroke with an edged instrument; that which wounds
; ; ; ;

tilage, -lei, n. (Law.) A yard, court-yard, or piece the feelings; a notch, passage, or channel made by
of ground pert, to a dwelling-house. [LL. curtile, cutting ; surface left by a cut ; portion severed or
court, court-yard, fr. L. cors.] Cur' tain-lec'ture, — cut off an engraved block impression from such
; ;

-chur, n. A
reproof given by a wife to her husband an engraving; act of dividing a pack of cards: right
within the bed-curtains, or in bed. to divide: manner in which a thing is cut or formed;
Curtesy, kert'e-sY, n. (Laiv.) A husband's life es- shape style fashion. [W. cwtau, Ga. cutaich,U
; ;

tate in the lands of his deceased wife, when he has shorten, dock W. acta, short, bob-tailed, cwtws, e
;

had issue by her, capable of inheriting. [Prob. fr. lot, Ga. cutach, short, cut, a bob-tail, piece, Ir. cut, t
court. See Curt.] short tail, cot. a part, share.] — A short cut. A cros
Curule, ku'rool, a. (Rom. Antiq.) Belonging to a path which shortens the way.— Cut and dried. Pre
chariot, —
said of the chair of certain magistrates, pared beforehand not spontaneous. C. glass.
; —
borne in a chariot when they went to council. [L. Glass having the surface shaped by grinding and
curulis, fr. currus, chariot, fr. currere, to run.] polishing.— To c. a dash, or a figure. To make a dis-
Curve, kSrv, a. Bent without angles; crooked; curved. play. —
To c. capers. To play pranks, frolic. To c. —
— n. A
bending without an- doicn. To fell: to abash, shame: to lessen, diminish.
fles thing bent
; a flexure. ; — To c. out. To remove from the midst: to shape by
Geom.) A
line of which no cutting, fashion to take the place of, supersede.
;
—
three consecutive points are To c. short. To arrest or check abruptly, abridge.
in the same straight line.— ^urve. — To c. under. To undersell. To c. up. To cut to —
v. t. [curved (kSrvd), curvixg.] • bend, crook, To pieces, damage, destroy. To c. the acquaintance of.—
inflect. —
v. i. To
bend. [L. curvus, Gr. kurtos, or to c. a person. To drop intercourse with, avoid
bent ; s. rt. circle, curb.] —
Curv , edness, -ity, -Y-tY, recognizing. — To c. the cards. To divide a pack
n. State of being, etc. —
CurVate, -ated, a. Curved. into portions. — To c. the teeth. To put forth teeth,
— Curva'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Curv'ature, -chur, n. — To c. across. To pass through in the most direct
Continual flexure of a line or surface from a recti- way.— To c. in. To divide, or turn a card, for de-
linear direction. — ,

Curvilin' eal, -ear, -e-ar, a. Con- termining who are to play. — To c. in or into. To
sisting of, or bounded by, curve lines. [L. linea, interrupt. —
Cut'ter, n. One
line.]— Curvet, n. A
leap of a horse ; a prank who. or an instrument
frolic. —
v. i. To make a curvet; to frisk. v. t. To — ;

which, etc. a front tooth,

;

cause to, etc. [It. corvetto, a curvet, corvettare, to that cuts: an incisor. (Naut.)
corvet, fr. corvare, L. curvare, to bow, bend.] A small boat used by ships
Cushat, kush'at, n. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. of war a sloop-rigged ves-
;

[AS. cusceote.] sel with a bowsprit which

Cushion, kush'un, n. A stuffed bag, to
or recline
sit may be run in upon deck.
upon; any stuffed or padded surface, —v. t. [cush- A one-horse sleigh. Cut'- —
ioned (-und), -ioning.] To seat on, or furnish with, ting, n. Act or operation of,
etc. [OF. coissin. It. cuscino, fr. L. culcita.] etc.something cut, cut off,
;

Cusp, kusp, n. (Arch.) A projecting point in the or- or cut out. as a twig cut
namentation of arches, panels, etc.; a pendant of a from a stock for grafting; an
pointed arch. (Astrol.) First entrance of any house excavation cut through a cutter.
in the calculations of nativities, etc. (Astron.) The hill. —
Cut'off, n. That which cuts off or shortens.
point or horn of the crescent. (Math.) The point (3fach.) An
attachment to a steam-engine which
at which two curves or branches of the same curve
meet. [L. cuspis, -pidis, point.]— Cusp^id, n. (Anat.)
One of the canine or eye teeth: see Tooth. Cusp- —
to the cylinder.
to steal their contents,
—
cuts off the passage of steam from the steam-chest
purse, n. One who cuts purses,
said when purses were —
idal, a. Ending in a point. —
Cusp'idate, -dated, a. worn at the girdle a thief pickpocket. ; -throat, : —
(Bot.) Having a sharp end, like a spear-point. n. One who cuts throats; a murderer ruffian as- : ;

Cuspidor, kusp'I-dor, n. A
spittoon; an earthenware sassin. —
a. Murderous; cruel. -water, n. (Naut.) —
waste-basket. [Sp. escuspidor, fr. escuper, to spit.] Fore part of a ship's prow, which cuts the water :

A see Ship. Part of the pier of a bridge, formed with

Custard, kus'tard, n. dish composed of milk and
eggs, sweetened, and baked or boiled. [OF. crous-
tade, fr. L. crustare, -aturn, to encrust.]— Cus'tard-
an angle directed up the stream. worm, n. Alarve
or caterpillar which eats or cuts awav plants.
—
ap'ple, n. {Bot.) A
plant of the West Indies, whose Cute, kiit, a. Clever; keen; sharp. [Abbr. of acute.]
fruit contains a yellowish, custard-like pulp. Cutis, ku'tis. n. (Anat.) The true skin a dense :

Custody. kus'to-dY, n. A
keeping or guarding esp. ; resisting membrane, next below the cuticle. [L.,
judicial or penal safekeeping restraint of liberty; ; skin; s. rt. hide.]— Cuta'neous, -ne-us, o. Pert, to,
confinement imprisonment. [L. custodia, fr. custos,
; upon, or affecting, the skin.— Cu'ticle. -tT-kl, a. The
a guardian s. rt. hide.] —
Custo'dial. -dY-al, a. outer skin: scarf-skin: epidermis. (Bot.) The thin
Pert. to. etc.
;

—
Custo'dian, n. One who has, etc. ; a
keeper; superintendent.
Custom, kus'tum. n. Way of acting habitual prac-
tice habitual buying of goods: business support:
: but one cutting edge. [F. coutelas, It. coltellaccio, fr.
patronage. (Law.) Lons established practice, or
usage, considered as unwritten law, and resting for
authority on long consent. The eustomary tolCtax,
or tribute, pi. Duties imposed on commodities im-
ported or exported. [OF. costume, custume, LL.
costuma, fr. L. consuescere, -suetum, to accustom, fr.
external covering of the bark of a plant. [L. cutic-
vla, dim. of cutis.] —
Cutic'ular, a. Pert, to, etc.
: Cutlass, kuflas, n. A broad, curving sword, with
F. coutel. It. coltelto, a knife, dagger, fr. L. cultellus,
knife, dim. of culter, plowshare.] — Cutler, n. One
who makes or deals in cutlery. [OF. cotelier.] —
Cut'lery, -ler-Y. n. Business of a cutler; cutting in-
struments in general, or in the mass.
Cutlet, kut'let, n. A piece of meat, esp. of veal or

sun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNOON, chair, get.
 — ;

CUTTLE 130 DACE

mutton, cut for broiling generally part of the rib
; erties of, etc. — Cylin'driform, a. Formed like, etc.
with the meat belonging to it. [F. cdtelette, dim. of [L. forma, form.] — Cyllndroid,
n. A solid body
cote, L. costa, a rib.] resembling a right cylinder, but having the bases
A molluseous animal,
Cuttle, kut'tl, Cut'tle-fish, n. elliptical. [Gr. eidos, form.]
having ten arms furnished with cu- Cyma, si'ma, n. {Arch.) A
member or molding of
pules or sucking cups, by which it the cornice, the profile of which is wave-like in
attaches itself to other bodies. [AS. form. [Gr. kuma, a wave.] {Bot.) cyme, q. v. A
cudele, OD. kuttel-visch, G. kuttel-fisch.] Cymbal, sim'bal, n. A
dish-shaped musical instru-
Cyanogen, si-an'o-jen, {Chem.) A
n. ment of brass, held in the hand, and producing,
compound com-
radical, being a gas when two are struck together, a ringing sound. [OF.
posed of 1 equivalent of nitrogen and 2 cimbale, cymbale, L. cymhalum, Gr. kumbalon, fr.
of carbon, an essential ingredient in kumbos, cup, basin, Skr. kumbha, pot; s. rt. cup.]
Prussian blue. [Gr. kuanos, dark blue, Cyme, sim, w. {Bot.) A
flat-topped or convex flower-
and rt. of gennaein, to beget.]— Cyanic, cluster, like a co-rymb, except that the inflorescence
a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Cy'- ~, — commences with the terminal buds. [L.cyma, Gr.
anate, -nat, n. A
salt in which the Cuttle-fish, kuma, cabbage sprout.] —
Cylnose, -mos, -mous,
acid is cyanic acid. —
Cy'anide, -nid, n. bosic A -inns, a. Containing or in the form of a cyme. —
compound of cyanogen witli other elements. Cya- — Cym'ling, n. A
squash.
nom'eter, n. An instrument for measuring degrees Cymric, kim'rik, a. Pert, to the Cymry, or people of
of blueness, as of the sky. [Gr. metron, measure.] Wales, or to their language; Welsh. [W. Cymru,
Cycle, si'kl, n. An imaginary circle or orbit in the Wales.]
neavens an interval of time in which a certain
; Cynic, sinlk, -ical, a. Having the qualities of a surly
succession of events is completed, and then returns dog; snarling; surly; austere; pert, to the dog-star;
again and again in the same order. {Bot.) One en- pert, to the philosophers called cynics, or to their
tire round in a spire or circle. [F.; L. cyclus, Gr. doctrines. —Cynic, n. One of a sect of ancient phi.
kuklos, circle, cycle, Skr. chakra, wheel, circle, as- losophers, named from their morose tenets; one who
tronomical figure s. rt. circle, curve, ring.]
; Cycle — holds views resembling those of the cynics; asnarler;
of the moon, or Golden number. A
period of 19 years, misanthrope. [Gr. kunikos, dog-like, a cynic, fr.
after which the new and full moons occur again on kuon, a dog, L. canis, Ir. cm, Skr. cvan.] Cynic- —
the same days of the month. —
C. of the sun. pe- A ally, «(/(. —Cynlcalness, n. —
Cynicism, -sizm, n.
riod of 28 years. —
Cyclic, siklik, -lical, a. Pert. Practice or principles of a cynic^
to, or moving in cycles. —Cyclic poets. Certain epic Cynosure, sin'o-shoor or si'no-shoor, n. The constel-
poets who followed Homer, and wrote on the Trojan lation of the Lesser Bear, to which, as containing
war, —keeping within the circle of a single subject. the polar star, the eyes of mariners are often di-
— Cy'cloid, re. {Geom.) Acurve generated by apoint rected; anything to which attention is turned; cen-
in the plane of a circle when the circle is rolled ter of attraction. [L. cynosura, Gr. kunosoura, name
along a straight line, keeping always in the same of the constellation; kunos oura, dog's tail.]
plane. [Gr. eidos, form.] —
Cycloid'al, a. Pert, to, Cypress, si'pres, n. A
coniferous tree, generally ever-
etc. — Cyclom'etry, -trl, n. Art of measuring cir- green, and having wood remarkable for durability,
cles. [Gr. metron, measure.] —
Cy'clone, -klon, n. — anciently used at funerals, and so an emblem or
A rotatory storm or whirlwind of extended circuit. mourning. [OF. cypres, L. cyparissus, cupressus, Gr.
— Cyclope'dia, -pse'dia, -pe'dT-a, a. The circle or kaparissos; prob. not f r. Cyjirus.]
compass of the arts and sciences, or of human knowl- Cyprian, sip'rY-an, n. A
native of Cyprus; a lewd
edge a dictionary of arts and sciences ; encyclo-
; woman; harlot. a. Pert, to the island of Cyprus,
pedia. [Gr. engkuklios paideia, lit. circular ^com- renowned for the worship of Venus; pert.to lewd-
plete) instruction en, in, and kuklos ; paideia, in-
; ness, or those who practice it.
struction, fr. pais, paidos, a child.] Cyclopedic, a.— Cyriologic, sir'Y-o-lojIk, a. Pert, to capital letters.
Pert, to the circle of the sciences, or to a cyclopedia; [Gr. kurios, chief, and logos, discourse.]
encyclopedic. Cyst, sist, n. {Physiol.) A
pouch or sac, without
Cyclopean, si-klo-pe'an. a. Pert, to the Cyclops gi- ; opening, containing morbid matter. [Gr. hustis, fr.
gantic; vast and rough; massive. {Arch.) Pert, to kuein, to hold, contain.] —
Cystic, a. Having the
the earliest buildings found in Greece, consisting of form of, or living in, etc.: containing, pert, to, or
roughly-hewn, uncemented rocks. [Gr. Kuklops, one contained in, etc. —
Cys'toeele, -sel, n. Hernia of
of a mythical race of giants in Sicily, having one the urinary bladder. [Gr. kele, tumor.] Cyst'ose, —
circular eye in the center of the fore- -os, a. Containing, or resembling, a cyst; cystic. —
head kuklos, circle,
; and ops, eye.] Cystofomy, -ml, n. Act of opening cysts; esp. the
Cygnet, sig'net, n. A young swan. [L. operation of cutting into the bladder to extract a
cygnus, Gr. kuknos, a swan.] stone, etc. [Gr. temnein, to cut.]
Cylinder, silln-dSr, n. { Geom.) solid A Czar, Tzar, zar, n. A
king; chief; a title of the em-
body which may be generated by the peror of Russia. [Russ. tsare, L. Csesar.] Czarina, —
rota'tion of a parallelogram round one za-re'na, n. Title of the empress of Russia. [Russ.
of its sides a body of roller-like form,
; tsaritsa.] —Ozarowitz, zar'o-wits, n. Title of the
of which the longitudinal section is ob- eldest son of the czar of Russia. [Russ. tsare'ivitch.}
long, and the cross-section circular. [OF. — Czarev'na, -na, n. Wife of the czarowitz. [Russ.]
cylindre, L. cylindrus, Gr. kulindros, lit. Czech, tchek, n. One of a branch of the Slavonic race,
a roller, f r. kulindein, kuliein, to roll.] — Cylinder. including the Bohemians, Hannacks (or Moravians),
Cylin'dric, -dricai, o. Formed like, or having prop- and Slovacks.

D.
D, de. The
4th letter in the English alphabet. {Mus.) manner, touch here and there, tamper, meddle.
The 2d note of the scale, corresponding to Be. [Freq. of dab; OD. dabbelen.] — Dab'bler, n.
Dab, dab, v. t. [dabbed (dabd), dabbing.] To strike Dab, Dabster, dab'ster, n. One skilled at his business;
gently, as with the hand or a soft or moist substance. an expert. [Prob. corrupt, fr. adept or dapper.]
— A n. gentle blow; sudden hit; a lump of anything I
Dabchick, dab'chik, n. A water-fowl allied to the
soft, with which something is dabbed; a small, flat grebe; dipchick; didapper; dobchick; a babyish per-
fish, allied to the flounder. [OD. dabben, to pinch, son. [Sw. doppa, D. doopen, to dip, G. taufen, to
-

knead, dabble, G. tanpen, to grope, fumble; s. rt. baptize, and E. '

chick.]
c/
—
I

tap.] Dab'ber, n. That with which one dabs; an

implement used in printing, stereotyping, etc. — end with, the first strain, —
indicated by D. C.
Dab'ble, v. t. [dabbled (-bid), -bung.] To wet by [It., fr. da, from, and capo, head, beginning!
j

little dips or strokes, moisten. v. i. To play in — Dace, das, n. A river fish, of silvery color. [F. dard,
water, as with the hands; to work in a superficial
|

I OF. dars, f r. LL. dardus, a dart, fr. its swiftness.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; Y-n, ice ; Sdd, tone, Qr
 DACTYL 131 DANCE
Dactyl, daklil, n. (Pros.) A poetical foot of 3 sylla- idleness and trifles; to linger, delay; to interchange
bles, 1 long, followed by 2 short, or 1 accented fol- caresses; to use fondling or wantonness. [AS. dweli-
lowed by 2 unaccented. [L. dactylus, Gr. daktulos, gean, to err, be foolish, Ic. dvala, to delay, D. dwa-
finger, dactyl.] —Dac'tylar, a. Pert, to, etc. Dac- —
ten, to err, wander; s. rt. dwell.] —
Dal'lier, re. A'
tylic, a. Pert, to, or consisting of, dactyls. re. — —
A fondler; trifler. Dal'liance, -lY-ans, re. Act of, etc.
line consisting chiefly or wholly of dr.ctj'ls. —
DaC- Dalmatica, dal-matlk-a, re. (Eccl.) white gc^Ffty A
tylist, n. A writer of, etc. —
DactyloKogy, -jT, re. A
worn over the alb and stole, by deacons in the ffcrt).-
method of communication for the deat and dumb, Cath. church, —imitated from a dress orig. worn in'.
in which motions of the fingers answer to the writ- Dalmatia. A robe of kings in the middle ages.
ten alphabet. [Gr. logos, discourse.] —
Dactil'iog''- Dal Segno, dal san'yo. (Mus.) A direction to go .rv .

raphy, -fY, re. Art of gem-engraving. [Gr. daktuhos, back to the sign, and repeat from thence to the '/ji«
finger-ring, and graphein, t© write.] close. [It., from the sign.]
Dad, Daddy, dad'dY, re. Father, —a
word used by Daltonism, dawllon-izm, n. Inability to distinguish-
children. [W. tad. Corn, tat, Armor, tarl, tat, It. certain colors color-blindness. [1 r. the chemist-
it aid, Gr. and Skr. tata, father.] —
Dad'dy-long-legs, Dalton, who had this infirmity.]
;

re. A spider having a small round body, and very Dam, dam, re. A female parent, —used of beasts, or
long, slender legs; the crane-fly. of a woman, in contempt. [Corrupt, fr. dame, q. v.Ji
Daddle, dad'dl, v. i. To walk unsteadily, like a child Dam, dam, re. A mole, bank of earth, wall, etc., to o%»
or old man; to do anything slowly. [Scot, daidle.] struct the flow of water, v.t. —
[dammed (damd),
Dado, da'do, re. (Arch.) The die or square part in the damming.] To obstruct or restrain the flow of, by a
middle of the pedestal of a column; that part of an dam to shut up, confine. [D. and Dan. dam, Ic.
;

apartment between plinth and impost molding; an dammr, Sw. and G. damm, a dam, D. dammen, Sw.
arrangement of moldings, or a border of wood or damma, to dam.]
paper, around the lower part of the walls of a room. Damage, dam'ej, re. Any permanent injury to person,
[It. and Sp., a die, cube, pedestal; s. rt. die, q. v.] property, or reputation; hurt; loss; mischief detri- ;

Daedal, de'dal, Daedalian, -dalY-an, a. Formed with ment, pi. (Law.) A compensation or indemnity to
art; ingenious; intricate. [Fr. Dsedalus, a mythic one party, for a wrong or injury done by another.
craftsman.]— Dsedalous, ded'a-lus, a. (Bot.) Hav- v. t. [damaged (-ejd), -aging.] To inflict injury
ing a margin with windings, —
said of leaves. upon, hurt, impair. [OF., fr. L. damnum, damage.]
Daffodil, daf'fo-dil, re. (Bot.) A plant of the genus —
Dam'ageable, a. Capable of being, etc. Damn, —
Narcissus, having a bulbous root, and beautiful flow- dam, v. t. [damned (damd), damning (darning or
ers, usually yellow. [Corrupt, fr. F. fleur iVaffro- dam'ning).] To condemn; to adjudge to punish-
dille, OF. asphodile, L. asphodelus. See Asphodel.] ment or death; to censure. (Theol.) To condemn to
Daft, daft, a. Delirious; insane; foolish. [Scot.] punishment in the future world. To condemn as
Dag, dag, re. A dagger; poniard; a kind of pistol for- bad, by hissing, etc. [OF. damner, L. damnare, -na-
merly used. — Dag'ger, re. A
short sword; poniard. tum, fr. damnum.] —
Damned, damd, in serious dis-
(Print.) A mark of reference in the form of a dag- course dam'ned, p. a. Sentenced to punishment in
ger [t], — called also obelisk. v. t.— To pierce with, a future state; hateful; abominable. —Damnation,
etc.; to stab. [W. dagr, OGa. daga, Armor, dag, -na'shun, re. (T/ieol.) Condemnation to eternal pun-
dager, F. dague, a dagger, ME. and OD. daggen, to ishment. — Damliable, a. Worthy of, etc.; odious;
stab.] — To look daggers. To look fiercely, reproach- detestable. —
Dam'nably, adv.— Dam'natory, -rt, a.
fully, or angrily. —
At d. drawn. At enmity. Condemning to damnation, condemnatory.
Dag, dag, re. Aloose end, as of locks of wool; a leath- Damascene, dam r as-sen, Dam'son, -zn, re. kind of A
er latchet. [AS., anything loose.] —
Dag'-lock, re. plum. [L. Damascenus, of Damascus, celebrated
A dirty lock of wool on a sheep. for its plums.] —
Dam'ask, a. Pert, to, originating
Daggle, dag'gl, v. t. [daggled (-gld), -gling.] To at, or like, the manufactures of Damascus; having
trail so as to wet or befoul; to wet, dirty. v. i. To— the color of the damask rose. n. —
A stuff with
be drawn through water and mud; to draggle. [Prov. raised figures, woven in the loom, orig. made at —
E. dag, to sprinkle, Sw. dagga, to bedew, fr. dagg, Damascus, of rich silk, now made of silk intermin-
—
dew; s. rt. dew.] Dag'gle-tail, re. A
filthy person; gled with flax, cotton, or wool, linen woven in imi-
slattern; slut. tation of the figures in damask silk. v. t. [dam- —
Daguerreotype. da-g?r'o-tip, re. A
method of taking asked (-askt), -asking.] To decorate with orna-
pictures by photography, on plates of silvered cop- mental figures, as silk with raised flowers, etc., or
per, etc.; picture so produced. v. t.— [daguerreo- steel with etchings, or inlaid devices; to embellish,
typed (-tipt), -typing.] To represent by the photo- variegate. —
Damask color. That of the Damask
graphic art, as a picture; to impress with great dis- rose. D. rose. — A
variety of rose native to Damas-
tinctness. [Fr. Daguerre, inventor's name.] Da- —
cus. D. silk. — A
heavy, rich, figured silk, usually —
guerre 'otyper, -typist, n. One who takes, etc.— called damask. —
D. steel. A fine quality of steel
Daguerrean, -guerreian, -ger'Y-an, re. Pert, to Da- orig. made at Damascus, and valued for sword-
guerre or to his invention .— Daguerre'otyple, -typ'- blades.
— —
Dam'asken, -een, v. t. To damask.— Danv'-
—
lcal, -tYp'-, a. Of, or pert, to, the daguerreotype. askin, re. kind of saber,A orig. made at, etc.
Daguerre'etypy, -tlp-T, re. Art of producing, etc. Dame, dam, re. A
lady in rank or culture; the mis-
Dahlia, daKya, re. A
genus of flowering plants native tress of a family in common life; mistress of a com-
to Mexico. [Fr. Andrew Dahl, a Swedish botanist.] mon school; a matron. [F., fr. L. domina, tern, of
Daily. See under Day. dominus, a lord.]— Dam'sel, -zel, re. A young un-
Daimio, di'mY-o, ~ One of the feudal nobles of Japan. married woman; girl. [F. demoiselle, fr. LL. domi-
[Jap., fr. Chin. v -t ming, great name.] cellus, a page.]
Dainty, danlY, a. Delicious to the taste; toothsome; Damn, Damnable, etc. See under Damage.
elegant in form, manner, or breeding; requiring Damp, damp, a. Moderately wet; moist; humid. re. —
dainties: over-nice; fastidious; ceremonious. re. —
Moisture; humidity; fog; dejection; depression; dis-
That which is delicious, delicate, or nice; delicacy. couragement, pi. (Mining.) Gaseous products, elim-
[OF. daintie, agreeableness, dain, dainty, quaint, inated in coal-mines, wells, etc. v. t. —
[damped
curious, fr. L. dignitas, dignity, worth, dignus, (dampt), damping.] To moisten, make humid, ren-
worthy.] — Dain'tily, -tY-lY, adv. —
Dain'tiness, re. der chilly, depress or deject, discourage. [D. and
Dairy, dalY, re. Place where milk is kept, and made Dan., vapor, Sw. damb, dust, G. damp/, vapor, D.
into butter or cheese; business of making butter dampen, to steam, Dan. dampe, to reek.] Dampen, —
and cheese. [ME. daierie, dei/erie, fr. deye, Ic. damp'n, v. t. or i. |-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make
dei-gja, Sw. deja, maid servant, dairymaid.] Dai '- —
or become moist. —
Damp'er, re. That which damps
A female servant in charge of milk, etc. or checks; as a valve in a flue, to regulate the draught
—
rymaid, re.
man, re. One who sells milk, butter, cheese, etc.
Dais, dais, re. A raised floor at the upper end of the
of air, or a contrivance in mechanism, to check some
action at a particular time. —
Dampliess, n. Mod-
dining-hall; upper table of a dining-hall; seat with erate humidity; moisture.
a canopy for those at the high table. [OF., fr. L. Damsel. See under Dame.
discus, platter, table, Gr. diskos, quoit, round plate.] Damson. See under Damascene.
Daisy, da'zY, re. Acommon spring flower. [AS. dse- Dance, dans, v. i. [danced (danst), dancing.] To
ges-eage, day's eye, daisy.] move with measured steps, or to a musical accom-
Dale, dal, re. A low place between hills; vale; valley. paniment; to move nimbly or merrily, caper, frisk.
[AS. dsel, Dan., Sw., D., OS., and Goth, dal, G. thai.] v. t. —
To cause to dance, dandle. —re. brisk A
— Dales'man, n. ; pi. -men. One living in a dale. amusement, in which the movements of persons are
Dally, dallY, v. i. [dallied (-lid), -lying.] To waste regulated by art, in figures and by the sound of in-
time in effeminate or voluptuous pleasures, or in struments. (Mus.) A
tune by which dancing is reg-

siin, cQbe, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; : ;

DANDELION 132 DAUB

ulated. [OF. dancer, F. danser, to dance, fr. OHG. Darrein, dar'rin, a. (Law.) Last. [OF. darrein,
danson, to draw along, trail s. rt. L. tendere, to derrain, f r. L. de and retro, back, backward.]
—
;

stretch.] To dance attendance. To wait obsequi- Dart, dart, n. A

weapon thrown by the hand; a
ously.— Dan'cer, n. —
Danseuse, dawx-se'z'', n. A any missile weapon; anything that pierces
javelin;
female dancer, esp. at a theater, etc. [F., fem. of and wounds, — v. t. To throw with a sudden
danseur, a dancer.] thrust, hurl, launch; to throw suddenly or rapid-
Dandelion, dan'de-h'un, n. A plant, with large yellow
compound flowers. [F. dent de lion, lion's tooth, from
ly; to send, emit, shoot. v. i. To be let fly or —
launched; to start and run with velocity; to shoot
the size and form of its leaves.] rapidly along. — n. A
the dace. IOF.; F. fish,
Dander, dan'der, n. Corrupt, of Dandruff, q. v. — dard, AS. darodh, Ic. darradhr, a dart, Sw. dart,
Anger or vexation. [Low.']— To get up one's dander, a dagger; perh. s. rt. AS. derian, to injure.] —
or nave one's dander raised. To get into a passion. Dart'er, n. One who darts or throws a dart.
Dandle, dan'dl, v. t. [dandled (-did), -dling.] To (Ornith.) The
snake-bird, a bird of the pelican
move up and down in affectionate play, as an in- family, —
which darts out its long neck at its prey.
fant to caress, fondle ; to treat as a child, toy
; Darwinian, dar-win'T-an, a. Pert, to the theory of
with, pet. [OD. danten, to do foolish things, trifle, natural selection, struggle for existence, and sur-
fr. dant, a capricious, effeminate man, OHG. taen- vival of the fittest, taught by Charles Darwin in his
deln, to trifle, dandle, lounge, fr. tant, G. tand, a "Origin of Species" and other works, —n. One
trifle, idle prattle.]— Dan'dler, re.— Dan'dy, -dt, n. who believes, etc. an evolutionist. Dar'winism,
; —
One who affects finery in dress and manner; a fop; -win'ianism, -izm, n. The doctrine of evolution.
coxcomb. [OF. dandin, fr. OD. dant.] Dan'dy- — Dash, dash, v. t. [dashed (dasht), dashing.] To
ism, -izm, n. Manners and character of, etc. throw with violence; to break, as by throwing or
Dandruff, dan'druf, -driff, -der, n. Scurf which collision; to put to shame, confound; to throw in
forms on the head, and comes off in scales. [W. ton, or on in arapid, careless manner, overspread par-
surface,_skin, and peril. W. drwg, Ga. droch, bad.] tially, touch here and there to form or sketch ;

Danger, dan'jSr, re. Exposure to injury, loss, pain, rapidly or carelessly to erase by a stroke, strike
etc. peril hazard risk jeopardy. [F., orig. ab-
; ; ; out, obliterate. v. i. — ;

To rush or strike violently.

;

solute power; hence power to harm; fr. LL. domin- — n. Violent striking of two bodies; crash; sudden
ium, power. See Dominate.] Dan'gerous, -us, a. — check; frustration; ruin; an admixture, infusion,
Attended with, or causing danger. Dan'gerously, — or adulteration a partial overspreading
; a rapid
adv. —
Dan'gerousness, re. movement, quick blow, sudden onset; capacity for
;

Dangle, dan'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To hang quick, bold movements against an enemy a vain ;

loosely, or with a waving, swinging, or jerking mo- show or blustering parade; aflourish. (Punctuation.)
tion. — v. To
cause to dangle; to swing. [Dan.,
t. A mark or line, thus [— ], denoting a break, stop, or
Sw., and Ic. dingla, to dangle; Sw.danka, to saunter transition in a sentence, or a change in its construc-
about.] —
To dangle about, or after. To hang upon tion, a significant pause, or an unexpected turn of
importunately, beset, follow obsequiously. Dan'- — sentiment. (Mus.) A mark [T] denoting that the
gler, n. One who hangs about others, esp. women. note is to be performed in a short, distinct manner;
Dank, dank, a. Damp moist humid wet. [Sw. ; ; ; the line drawn through a figure in the thorough-
dial., a marshy place, Sw. dag, dew. See Daggle.] bass, as a direction to raise that figure half a tone
— Danklsh, a. Somewhat damp. higher. (Racing.) A single trial of speed, — disting.
"
Daphne, daf 'ne, re. The laurel, a diminutive shrub, fr.a heat. [Dan. daske, Sw. dial, daska,
having a fragrant flower. [Gr.] slap.] —
Dash/er, n. The which, etc.
That a dash- ;

Dapper, dap'pSr, a. Little and active; nimble; neat board. —

Dasb/y, -T, a. Ostentatiously fashionable
in dress; smart. [D., bold, G. tapfer, brave.] showy. —
Dash/ingly, adv. Conspicuously.— Dasb/-
Dapple, dap'pl, a. Marked with spots of different board, -bord, n. A board on the front of a vehicle
shades of color; variegated, re. One of the spots — to intercept mud, etc. J~
on a dapple animal. — v. t. [dappled (-pld), -pling.J Dastard, das'tard, n. One who meanly shrinks from
To variegate, spot. [Ic. depill, a spot, dot, dapi,
fr. danger; coward; poltroon. —a. Meanly shrinking;
Sw. dial, depp, pool of water; s. rt. dip, dimple.] cowardly. [OD. dasaert, a fool, Ic. dsestr, exhaust-
Dare, dar, v. i. [durst (dSrst), daring.] To have ed, breathless, p. p. of dsesa, to groan, lose breath
sufficient courage; to be bold enough; to venture. from exhaustion, Sw. dial, dasa, to lie idle.] Das''- —
— v. t. [dared (dard), daring.] To have courage tardize, v. t. [-ized (-tzd), -izing.] To make a das-
—
for, venture to do; to profess courage to meet; to tard of Das'tardly, a. Meanly timid ; base.
.

challenge, provoke, defy, brave [AS. durran, to Data, da'ta, n. pi. Factsgiven or admitted; ground
dare (.dear, I dare, dorste, I durst or dared), Goth. of inference or deduction. —
Da' turn, n. Something
dors, OHG. tar, Gr. tharsein, Skr. dhrish.] Dar'er, — given, esp. as a standard; a datum-line, a horizontal
n. — Dar'ing, a. —
Dar'ingly, adv. Dare'-devil, n. — line or level, from which surface points are reck-
A rash, venturesome fellow. oned in surveying. [L.
—
datus, -a, -um, p. p. of dare,
Dark, dark, n. Destitute of light; not reflecting or to give.] Date, dat, n. Specification of the time
radiating light; obscure; not easily seen through; when a writing, inscription, coin, etc., was execu-
mysterious hidden ; destitute of knowledge and
;
ted; precise period or time of; epoch; end; conclu-
culture; unrefined; evincing foul traits of charac- sion duration; continuance, —v. t. To note the
;

ter; vile; wicked foreboding evil; gloomy; suspi-

;
time of writi.ig or executing; to fix the time of; to
cious. —
n. Absence of light; obscurity; condition refer to as a starting point, —v. i. To have begin-
of ignorance; secrecy. [AS. deorc, D. donker, Sw., ning, have a date. [F., fr. LL. .lata, a date, fr.
Dan., and G. dunkel, dark.] Darken, darken, v- t. — dare.] —
Date'less, o. —
Da'tive, -tiv, re. (Law.)
[-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make dark or black, That which may be given or disposed of at pleas-
obscure, render dim, deprive of vision; to render ure. (Gram.) The case of a noun which expresses
ignorant or stupid; to render less clear or intelli- the remoter object, generally indicated in English
gible; to cast a gloom upon; to make foul, sully.— by to or for with the objective. a. (Law.) Capa- —
v. i. To grow dark or darker. Dark'ener, re.— — ble of being disposed of at will and pleasure; re-
—
Dark'ish, a. Somewhat dark dusky dim.— ;
movable, as disting. fr. perpetual, said of an
—
;

Darkly, adv. Dark'ness, n. State of being, etc. officer; given by a magistrate, as disting. fr. being
obscurity gloom secrecy state of ignorance or
; ;
tne aanve.
cast upon a party by the law. Pert, to the dative.
;

error; wickedness; impurity; want of clearness or Date, dat, re. The fruit of the date-palm. [OF., fr. L.
perspicuity; calamity perplexity. Dark'ling, a. — dactylus, Gr. daktulos, a finger, also a
—
In the dark. —
Dark'some, -sum, a. Dark; gloomy;
;

date, fr. the shape of the fruit.]

obscure. —Dark'y, -T, re. A negro. Date'-palm, -pam, -tree, n. The genus
Darling. See under Dear. of palms bearing dates.

I
Darn, darn, v. t. [darned (darnd), darning.] To Daub, dawb, v. t. [daubed (dawbd),
mend, as a hole, by imitating the texture of the daubing.] To smear with soft, ad-
stuff with thread and a needle. n. A place — hesive matter; to plaster to paint in ;

mended by darning. [W. damio, to piece, break in a coarse or unskillful manner ; to dis-
pieces, fr. W., Corn., & Armor, darn, piece, OF. guise, conceal. n. —
viscous, sticky A
dame, a slice, a broad and thin piece.] Darn'er, re. — application. (Paint.) picture coarse- A
Darn, darn, v. t. A
substitute for the profane damn. ly executed. [OF. dauber, to plaster, iJaie tIree ' n .

Darnel, dar'nel, n. weed, A

rye-grass. [OF. dame, — prob. orig. dalber, fr. L. dealbare, Sp.
plaster, fr. L. de, down,
stupefied; Sw. darrepe, darnel, fr. dar, stupefying, jalbegar, to whitewash,
and repe, name of the weed.] and albare, to whiten, fr. albus, white.]— Daub 'er,
Darnex, Darnic. Same as Dornic. n. — Daub'ery, -Sr-t, re. A daubing; imposition.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, te"rm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 8r
 DAUGHTER 133 DEAN
Daughter, daw'ter, to. A female child or descendant. -ship, Diaconate, di-ak'o-nat, n. Office or ministry
[AS. dohtor. D. dochter. Dan. and Sw. dotter, Goth. of a deacon or deaconess.— Diac'onal, a. Pert, to, etc.
daufitar, OHG. tohter, G. tochter. Gr. thugater, Skr. Dead, ded, a. Destitute of life put to death inani- ; ;

duhitri; s. rt. du#.] —

Daugh'terly, -It, «. Becom- mate ; resembling death in appearance or quality :

ing a daughter; filial. —Daugh'ter-in -law, n. The without show of life; without motion; inactive; un-
wife of one's son. productive unprofitable,; dull; monotonous or un.
;

Daunt, dant, v. t. To repress or subdue the courage varied; producing death; sure as death; wanting in
of, dismay, appall, intimidate. [F. dompter, OF. religious spirit. {Law.) Cut off from the rights of
danter, fr. L. aomitare, to subdue, freq. of domare, a citizen, or property holder. {Engin.) Not impar-
to tame; s. rt. tame.] —
Daunt'lesB, a. Incapable of ting motion or power. —
adv. To a degree resem-
being, etc.; bold; intrepid. bling death; to the last degree; completely; wholly.
Dauphin, daw'fin, n. The eldest son of the king of — n. The most quiet or death-like time ; period of
France, and heir of the crown. [Fr. Dauphine", a Srofoundest repose or gloom, pi. Those who are
French province, the lords of which had as their ead the departed. [AS. dead, D. dood, Dan. and
crest a dolphin, OF. dauphin, daulphin, L. del-
;

Sw. dod, Ic. daudhr, Goth, dauchs.] Dead ahead. —

phinus.] —Dau'phiness, n. Wife of the dauphin. {Naut.) Directly ahead, said of the wind. D. — —
Davenport, dav'en-port, to. A
writing-table. drunk. So drunk as to be helpless. D. language.
Davit, dav'it or da'vit, n. {Xaut.) spar used on A A language no longer spoken. D. letter. A letter
ships, as a crane to hoist the anchor uncalled for at a post-office and sent to the general
to the top of the bow. pi. Arms post-office to be opened that which has become ob-
projecting over a ship's side or solete. —
D. lock. An interlocking or counteraction
;

stern, having tackle to raise a boat of things, producing an entire stoppage. Deads, —
by. [Prob. corrupt, fr. F. darier, dedz, n.pl. {Mining.) Places yielding no ore; heaps
forceps.] of refuse, containing no ore. Dead'ly, -IT, a. Ca- —
Davy-lamp, da'vY-lamp, to. A lan- pable of causing death mortal fatal destructive;
tern whose light is inclosed within willing to destroy implacable. ;
;

adv. So as to re- —
; ;

wire gauze, as a protection against semble, or to cause, death mortally implacably.—

— —
; ;

explosions of gases in mines, t>™+„ Dead'liness, n. Dead'ness, n. State of being or

invented by Sir Humphrey Davy. Davits. seeming dead inertness coldness indifference.
Daw, daw, n. A bird of the crow family; jackdaw. — ;

Dead'en, ded'n, v. t. [-exed (-nd), -ening.] To

; ;

[E.; onomat.] impair in vigor, force, or sensibility; to lessen the

Dawdle, daWdl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To velocity or momentum to make spirit, of, retard
waste time in trifling employment, trifle. v. t. To — less; to deprive of gloss or brilliancy. Dead '-an
;

—
waste by trifling. [See Dandle.] Daw'dler, to. — gle, n. {Fort.) The space before the parapet out of
An idler. reach of the fire of the garrison. beat, a. Tired
Dawn, dawn, v. i. [dawned (dawnd), dawning.] To out. n. One whose constitution or resources are
begin to grow light in the morning, or to open and
give promise, as the understanding or character.
n. The break of day; first appearance of light; first
— —
exhausted; a worthless idler who sponges on others.
center, -point, n. {Mach.) Either of the 2 points
in the orbit of a crank at which the crank and con-
opening or expansion; beginning. [AS. dagian, to necting-rod he in a straight line. coForing, n.
dawn, fr. dseg, day, G. tagen, fr. tag. See Day.] {Paint.) The first layer of colors, usually gray.—
A
Day, da, n. The period from sunrise to sunset; period
of the earth's revolution on its axis, divided into —
-eye, n. {Xaut.) wooden block, pierced with 3
holes, to receive the lanyard. head, n. One who —
24 hours; a specified time or period; day of battle;
successful contest victory. [AS. dseg, D., Dan.,
; etc. —
receives free tickets to theaters, public conveyances,
heat, «.
—A race in
house, n. A morgue; place for the
which the competitors
and Sw. dag, Ic. dagr, Goth, dags, G. tag ; not s. rt.
L. dies, Ir. dia, W. dydd, day.] Civil day. The
day used in ordinary reckoning of time, among
—
come in even.
temporary reception of dead bodies. latch, n. A
kind of latch whose bolt may be so locked that it
—
most nations beginning at midnight. —Day by day.
Daily; every day; continually. —Days in bank.
cannot be opened from within by the handle, or
from without by the key. lift, n. The lifting of a —
{Eng. Law.) Stated days for the return of writs
and appearance of parties. —Da
ys of grace. {O.
thing at disadvantage lift made with main strength;
an extreme exigency.
A
light, to.
;

—
Ting. Law.) Three days beyond the return day in
tne writ for the party summoned to make his ap-
pearance. {Merc. Law.) Days allowed, usually 3.
{Xaut.) strong shutter for a cabin
window, to exclude water.
A
line, to.
line inclosing space in a military
—
for payment of a note, after the specified day of Srison, on passing which a prisoner is '

payment. —Day's work. {Naut.) The reckoning able to be shot. march, n. A

of a ship's course for 24 hours, from noon to noon. piece of solemn music for a funeral.
— One day, or one of these days. At an indefinite — -reckoning, n. {Xaut.) Method of
time in the future.— Daily, da'll, a. Happening determining a ship's position without
or pert, to each successive day; diurnal; quotidian. celestial observations. wall, to. A
— adv. Every day; day by day. n. publica- — A blank wall, without windows, etc. ^T :.. ,- —
— A -water, n. {Naut.) The eddy water Dead-light,
tion appearing every day. Day '-book, to.
in which are recorded the accounts of the day.
-break, to. The first appearance of light in the
book
— closing behind a moving ship.
or oppressive burden.
weight, «. heavy — A
morning; dawn of day. —
-dream, n. vain fancy; A Deaf, def or def, a. Wanting the sense of hearing; un-
reverie; castle in the air; unfounded hope.
n. Labor hired or done by the day.
labor,
light, n. The — willing to hear ; not to be persuaded. [AS. deaf,
D. doof, Dan. dov, Sw. dof Ic. daufr, G. taub ; prob.
—
light of day, or of the sun.
ginning of the day; dawn.
star.
—
spring, n. The be-
star, n. The morning
time, n. Time between sunrise and sun-
s. rt. Gr. tuphos, smoke, stupor, E. dumb.]
v. t.
Deaf' en,
[-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make deaf, stun.
{Arch.) To render impervious to sound, as a floor,
setting. — Days'man, pi. -men. An umpire
to. ; or by filling the space beneath it with mortar, etc. —
arbiter, — who appoints a day to hear a cause. Deafness, to.— Deaf'-mute, to. One deaf and dumb.
Daze, daz, v. t. [dazed (dazd), dazing.] To over- Deal, del, v. t. [dealt (delt), dealing.] To divide,
power with light, dazzle, confuse, bewilder. [Ic. distribute to throw out or bestow successively or
;

dasa, to become weary or exhausted, Sw. dasa, to indiscriminately. —

v. i. To make distribution to
lie idle; s. rt. doze and perh. dizzy and dull.'] Daz- — traffic, trade, carry on business to act, have trans-
;

zle, d&z'zl, r. t. [dazzled (-zld), -zling.] To actions with, manage, treat. to. part or portion; — ;

A
overpower with light to surprise with brilliancy
; an indefinite quantity, degree, or extent; division
or display of any kind. v. i. —
To be intensely or distribution of cards; portion distributed divis- ;

bright; to be rendered blind or dim by excess of ion of a timber by sawing a pine or fir board or ;

brightness. —
Daz'zlingly, -W, adv.
'" zl.) In some communions, one
de'kn, n. {Eccl.)
admitted to a grade in the ministry lower than priest
or elder in others, a church officer who assists the
; to divide, share, fr. AS. dael, D. and Dan. deel, Ic.
pastor at the Lord's Supper, etc. [AS., fr. L. diaco-
mis, Gr. diakonos, orig. a servant.] To deacon out.
To read line by line, as a hymn, for others to sing,
as was formerlv done by deacons.— Dea'coness, n.
plank, esp. one above 7 inches in width, and exceed-
ing 6 feet in length; wood of the pine or fir. [AS.
dselan, D. deelen, Dan. dele, Ic. deila, Goth, dailjan,
deild, Goth, dads, a portion, also D. deel, board,
— plank, and Ic. deild, dole, dealings.] Deal'er, n. —
One who deals a trader. Deal'ing, to. Manner of
;
—
treating others trade; distribution, as of cards.
;

A woman specially devoted to the service of the Dean, den, n. An ecclesiastical dignitary, subordinate
—
church caring for the sick, etc. Dea'conry, -rl, — to a bishop; an officer in universities; head or secre-

suk, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — — ;

DEAR 134 DECARBONIZE

tary of a college faculty. [F. doyen, OF. deien, a State of being feeble, or weak ; languor infirmity; ;

dean, fr. L. decanus, one set over 10 soldiers, later, imbecility. [OF. debilite, L. debilitas.]
over 10 monks, hence a dean, fr. decern, ten s. rt. Debit, deb'it, n. A
recorded item of debt; debtor side
<era.]— Dean'ery, -er-T, n. Office, revenue, residence,
;

of an account ; debt. v. t. —
To charge with debt ;
or jurisdiction, of a dean. Dean' ship, n. Office of, — enter on the debtor side. [L. debere, debitwn, to owe,
etc. —Dec'anal, a. Pert, to a deanery. fr. de and habere, to have.]— Debt, det, n. That
Dear, der, a. Bearing a high price costly marked ; ; which is due from one to another ; obligation lia- ;

by scarcity, and exorbitance of price highly val- bility ; a duty neglected or violated ; fault ; crime;
—
;

ued; mnch esteemed greatly beloved precious.— ; ; trespass. [OF. dette, debte, L. debita.] Debt'or,
adv. Dearly; at a high rate. n. dear one; dar- A -er, n. One who owes another monev, goods, or
ling. [AS. deore, dyre, Ic. dyrr, Dan. and Sw. dyr, services one indebted. [OF. deteur, L. debitor.]
;

D. duur, dear, expensive, OHG. tiuri, G. theuer, Debonair, deb-o-nar', a. Characterized by courteous-
dear, beloved, sacred.] Dearly, adv.— Dear'ness, — ness, affability, or gentleness complaisant. [OF. ;

n.— Darling, dar'ling, a. Dearly beloved; regarded debonaire =

de bon aire, of good manner.] Debo- —
with tender fondness favorite. — n. One who is, nair 'ly, adv. —
Debonair'ness, n.
—
;

etc. [AS. deorlinq, dim. of deore.] Dearth, derth, Debouch, de-boosh', v. i. To issue out of a confined
n. Scarcity, rendering dear; want; famine barren- ; place, or from defiles. [F. deboucher, fr. de and
ness poverty. [Ic. dyrdh.] boucher, to stop up, fr. bouche, mouth, L. bucca,
;

Dearborn, der'bern, n. A light 4-wheeled carriage. —

mouth, cheek.] Debouchure, da'boo'shoor', n. The
Death, deth, n. Cessation of bodily life decease de- ; ; outward opening, as of a valley, river, etc. [F.]
mise; dissolution; exit; total privation or loss; man- Debris, da-bre', n. (Geol.) Fragments, taken collec-
ner of dying cause, agent, or instrument of loss of
; tively; esp., fragments from a mountain, piled up at
life; a skeleton, as the symbol of death danger of ; the base. Rubbish; remains; ruins. [F., fr. OF.
death. [AS. dearth, D. doort, Dan. and Sw. dod, Ic. desbriser, to rend asunder, fr. briser, to Dreak. See
daudhi, Goth, dauthus, G. tod. See Dead.] Civil — Breeze or_BRiss, also Bruise.]
death. Separation of a man from civil society or en- Debut, da-boo', n. A
beginning or first attempt; first
joyment of civil rights, as by outlawry, banish- appearance, as of an actor, public speaker, etc. [F.,
ment, entering into a monastery, etc. —Death's door. first stroke, first throw in a game, fr. but, an aim.
A near approach to death. Spiritual death. — See But, n.] —
Debutant, -tax', n. One who makes
(Script.} Corruption and perversion of the soul by his first appearance before the public. [F.] Debu- —
sin, with the loss of the favor of God.— Deathless,
— tante, -t&Nt', n. A
woman who, etc. [F.]
a. Not subject to death or destruction; immortal. Decade, dek'ad, n. The sum or number of 10. [F., fr.
Death 'ly, -IT. a. Resembling death or a dead body; Gr. dekas, -ados, a company of 10, f r. deka, L. decern,
deadly; fatal. —
Death'-bed, n. The bed on which AS. ten. See Ten.] —
Dec'agon, re. (Geom.) A
one dies; the closing hours of life. rate, n. The plane figure of 10 sides and 10 angles. YGr. deka
ratio of the number of deaths to the population.— and gonta, angle, fr. gonu, knee.] — Dec'agram, n.
A
son. —
-rattle, n. A rattling in the throat of a dying per-
warrant, n. (Law.) An official order for
the execution of a criminal. watch, n. An in- —
decimal weight of 10 grams, or 154.38 grains Troy.
[F. decagramme. See Gram.]
pi. -dra, -dra. (Geom.)
Decahe'dron, re.;
A
solid figure having 10
—
sect that makes a ticking noise, vulgarly thought to sides. [Gr. hertra, seat, base s. rt. sit.] Decahe'- ;
—
prognosticate death. — Death's '-head, re. A figure dral, a. Having 10 sides. Decaliter, de-kal'T-tSr
representing a human skull. man, n. ; pi. -men. or dek'a-li-ter, n. A
decimal measure of capacity,
An executioner hangman. containing 10 liters, or 610.28 cu. inches 2 gallons =
;

Debacle, de-ba'kl, n. A violent rush of waters con- ; and 64.44 cu. in. [See Liter.] Dec'alogue, -log, n. —
fused rout overthrow; breaking up. [F., fr. bacler, The 10 commandments. [F. L. decalogys, Gr. dek- ;
;

to bar, fr. L. bacidus, a bar.] alogos, fr. logos, a speech.] —

Decal'ogist, -jist, n.
Debar, de-bar', v. t. [-barred (-bard), -barring.] To One who explains the decalogue. — Decam'e'ron, n.
cut off from entranee, as if by a bar or barrier to ; A work comprised in 10 books esp. a collection of ;

shut out, exclude, deny, refuse. [de and bar.] tales of Boccaccio. [It. decamerone, fr. Gr. deka and
Debark, de-bark', v. t. [-barked (-barktX -barking.] meros, part ; not f r. hemera, a day.] Decameter, —
To land from a ship or boat, disembark. v. i. To — de-kam'e-ter or dek'a-me-t5r, n. decimal meas- A
leave a vessel and pass to the land. [F. deoarquer, f r. ure of length 10 meters= 393.71 inches. =
[See
barque. See Bark.] —
Debarka'tion, re. Act of, etc. —
Meter.] Decan'drous, -drus, a. (Bot.) Having
Debase, de-bas', v. t. [-based (-bast'), -basing.] To 10 stamens. [Gr. aner, andros, a male.] Dec'apod, —
reduce to a lower state of worth, dignity, purity,
— n. (Zobl.) A
crustacean with 10 feet or legs, as
etc. ; to abase, degrade, lower, [de and base.] crabs, lobsters, etc. [Gr. pous, podos, foot.] Dec'- —
Debas'er, re. —
Debased, -bast', a. (Her.) Turned aster, n. A
decimal solid measure 10 steres 10 = =
from its base; upside down. Debase'ment, n. Act — cu. meters =353.166 cu. inches. [See Stere.] Dec'- —
of or state of being debased degradation. astich, -stik, re. poem A
consisting of 10 lines. [Gr.
Debate, de-bat', re. Contention in words or argu-
;

stichos, a row.] —
Dec'astyle, -stfl, n. (Arch.) A
ments dispute controversy. v. t. To fight or — building having a portico with 10 columns in front.
; ;

strive for, contend for in words or arguments, con- [Gr. stulos, column.] —
Dec'asyllab'ic, -sil-lab'ik, a.
test, argue, dispute. v. i. —
To engage in strife or Consisting of 10 syllables. [Gr. sullabe, syllable,
combat, contend, struggle, deliberate. [F. debattre, q. v.]— Dec'uple, -u-pl, a. Tenfold; multiplied by
to debate, fr. L. de, down, and batuere, to beat. See 10. — n. A number 10 times repeated. v. t. To —
Batter.] —Debating society. A society for debate make tenfold to multiply by 10. [Gr. dekaplous,
and improvement in extemporaneous speaking. — fr. deka.] — ;

[See further under December.]

Debat'er, n. One who debates; a disputant. De- — Decadence, -dency. See under Decay.
bat'able, a. Liable to be, etc. disputable. ; Decalcomania, de-kal'ko-ma'nl-a, -manie, -ma'ne, n.
Debauch, de-bawch', v. t. [-batched (-bawcht), Art of permanently transferring pictures or designs
-bauching.] To corrupt in character or principles to china, glass, marble, etc. [F. de'calcomanie, f r. de
to vitiate, pollute, seduce. re. Excess in eating or — ;

and calquer, to trace, copy, fr. L. calcare, to tread

drinking drunkenness
; gluttony lewdness an ; ; ; under foot.]
act of debauchery. [OF. desbaucher, fr. des (L. Decamp, de-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kamf), -camp-
dis), away from, and bauche, LL. bugia, little house, ing.] To move away from a camping-ground, de-
workshop, i. e., to entice away from work.] Deb- — part suddenly. [F. de'eamper, fr. L. dis, away, and
auchee, deb-o-she', n. A sensual or dissipated per-
— campus, camp, q. v.] —
Decamp'ment, n. Departure
son rake libertine.
; ;
—
Debaucher, -bawch'er, n. from, etc. a marching off.
;

Debauch'ery, -er-T, n. Corruption of fidelity in- ; Decanal. See under Dean.

dulgence of the appetites; intemperance lewdness. ; Decant, de-kant', v. t. To pour off gently, as liquor
— Debauch'ment, n. Act of debauching. from its sediment; to pour from one vessel into an-
Debenture, de-ben'chur, n. A writing acknowledg- other. [F. decanter, It. decantare, fr. de, down,
ing a debt a custom-house certificate entitling an and canto, side, corner. See Cant.] Decanta'- —
;

exporter of imported goods to a drawback. (Com.) tion, n. Act of, etc. Decant'er, n. — vessel used A
Securities for money loans. [Fr. L. debentur, they to decant liquors or receive decanted liquors one ;

are due, fr. debere, to owe, these receipts begin- — who decants.
ning Debentur mihi, etc.] Decapitate, de-kap'T-tat, v. t. To cut off the head of,
Debilitate, de-bil't-tat, v. feeble, faint, t. To make behead. [LL. decapitare, -tatum, f r. L. de and caput,
or languid to weaken, enervate, relax. [OF. de-
;
capitis, head.] —
Deeap'ita'tion, n. Act of, etc.
ciliter, L. debilitare, -tatum, f r. debilis, weak, f r. de Decarbonize, de-kar'bon-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.]
and habilis, able ; i. e., unable.] — Debil'ity, -tl, n. To deprive of carbon, [de and carbonize, q. v., un-
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd. t5ne. 6r
 DECAY 135 DECLINE
der Carbon.] —
Decar'boniza'tion, n. Act or pro- Decide, de-sid'. v. t. To determine the result of, settle,
cess of depriving a substance of carbon. Decar /'- — end, conclude. — v. i. To determine, form a defi-
burize, -bu-riz, v t. Same as Decarbonize.
. nite opinion, come to a conclusion, give decision.
r [OF. decider, L. decidere, -cisum, fr. de and csedere,
Decay, de-ka', v. i. [decayed (-kad ), decaying.]
To pass gradually from a sound, prosperous, or per- to cut; s. rt. L. scindere, to cut.] —
Decid'ed, a. Free
fect state, to one of imperfection, weakness, or dis- from ambiguity; unequivocal; unquestionable; free
solution; to fail; to rot. —
v. t. To impair, bring to a from doubt or wavering; determined; positive; un-
worse state. — n.
Gradual failure of health, sound- deniable; clear. — Decid'edly, adv. —
Decid'er, n. —
ness, prosperity, etc. decline. [OF. decaer, f r. de and Decid'able, a. Capable of being, etc. Decision,—
—
;

caer, L. cadere, to fall.] Deca'dence, -dency, -sT, -sizh-'un,?*. Act of settling or terminating, as a con-
n. Decay fall deterioration. [F.]
; ; Deciduous, — troversy; determination; conclusion; account or re-
-sid'u-us, a. Of temporary existence shed yearly, ; port of a conclusion, esp. of a legal adjudication;
as leaves or antlers; not perennial or permanent. [L. quality of being decided; prompt and fixed deter-
deciduus, falling, fr. decidere, f r. de and cadere.] — mination. — Deci'sive, -siv, a. Having the power or
Decid'uousness, n. quality of deciding a question, etc. marked by
;

Decease, de-ses r n. Departure, esp. departure from promptness and decision; final: conclusive; positive.
this life; death; demise,
,

v. i. —
[deceased (-seat'), — Decisively, adv. —
Deci'siveness, ».— Deci'sory,
deceasing.] To die. [OF. deces, fr. L. decedere, -so-rY, a. Able to decide or determine.
-cessum, to depart, fr. de and cedere, to go.] Deciduous. See under Decay.
Deceive, de-sev', v. t. [-ceived (-sevdO, -ceiving.] Decipher, de-siler, v. t. [-phered (-fSrd). -phering.]
To lead into error, impose upon, delude, insnare, To translate from a cipher into intelligible terms; to
disappoint. [OF. decerer,L>. decipere,-ceptum, to de- find out the meaning of, reveal, [de, neg. and cipher,
ceive, fr. de and capere, to take.] Deceiv'er, n. — q. v.] —Decipherable, a. —
Decipherer, n.
One who deceives; a cheat; impostor.— Deceiv' able, Deck, dek, v. t. [decked (dekt), decking. To cover, |

a. Subject or liable to be, etc. —Deceit, -set', n.
Attempt or disposition to deceive; deception; fraud;
imposition.
— —
Deceifful, -ful, a. Trickish; fraudu-
— —
lent. Deceit'fully, adv. Deceit'fulness, n. De-
ception, -sep'shun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
that which, etc.; deceit. [OF.] Decep'tive, -tiv,
-tory, -to-rT, a. Tending to, etc. misleading.
December, de-sem'bgr, n. The 12th or last month in
the year. [L., fr. decern, ten, this having been the
10th month with the Romans, whose year began in
March. See Decade and Ten.] Decern' vir, -ver,
n. : E. pi. Decemvirs, -verz, L. pi. -viri, -vT-ri. One
of 10 magistrates, who had absolute authority in an-
cient Rome. [L., fr. decern, and vir, a man.] De-
cern' viral, -vT-ral, a. Pert, to, etc. Deeem'virate,
-rat, n. Office or term of office of, etc.; a body of 10
—
men in authority. Decen'nary, -sen'na-rY, n.
period of 10 years. {Law.) A tithing consisting of 10
neighboring families. [L. annus, a year.] Decen-
nial, -nT-al, a. Consisting of, or happening once in,
etc. — Decillion, -sil'yun, n. number consisting,
by English notation, of a million involved to the 10th
power, or 1 with 00 ciphers annexed; by French or
common notation, a thousand involved to the 11th
overspread; to dress, clothe, esp. to clothe with ele-
gance, array, adorn; to furnish with a deck, as a
vessel.— n. The floor-like covering of a ship; a pack
of cards. [OD. decken, to hide, D. dekken, G. decken,
L. tegere, Gr. stegein, to cover, AS. theccan. to thatch;
— D. dek, a deck, cover, Gr. tegos, stegos, roof; s. rt.
; thatch.] —Deck'er, n. One who, or that whieh,
decks or adorns; a vessel which has a deck or decks,
— —
used esp. in composition. Deck 'hand, n. (Waut.)
An inferior seaman, who works on deck, not aioft.
— Declaim, de-klam', v. i. [-claimed (-klamd /'), -claim-
ing.] To speak rhetorically, make a formal oration,
harangue; to speak or talk pompously and elabo-
— rately; to rant. —v. t. To utter in public, deliver in
— a rhetorical or set manner. [OF. dec/amer, L. de-
clamare, -matum, fr. de and clamare, to cry out.] —
A Declaim'er, n. — Declamalion, n. Act or art of,
etc.; a set speech; pretentious rhetorical display,
— with more sound than sense.— Declam'atory, -to-ri,
a. Pert, to, etc.; characterized by rhetorical dis-
A play; without solid sense or argument.
Declare, de-klar', v.t. [-clared (-klard r ), -claring.]
To make known publicly, publish, proclaim; to as-
sert, affirm. {Com.) To make full statement of as ,

power, or 1 with 33 ciphers. See Numeration. [L. of goods liable to taxes, duties, etc. —
v. i. To make
decern.'] — Decill'ionth, -yunth, a. Pert, to, etc.; a declaration, proclaim one's self. (Law.) To state
preceded by a decillion less one. n. The quotient — the plaintiff's cause of action in legal form. [OF.
of 1 divided by, etc.; one of a decillion equal parts. declarer, L. declarare, -atum, fr. de and clarus,
— Decigram, des'T-gram, n. decimal measure of A clear.] —To declare one's self. To avow one's opin-
weight equal to 1-10 of a gram, or 1.5438 grains Troy. ion. — Declar'edly, -ed-lT, adv. Avowedly explicit-
— Declaration, n. Act of declaring thing de-
;

[F. decigramme, fr. L. decimus, tenth, fr. decern, and ly.

F. gramme: see Gram.] —
Deciliter, de-siKi-ter or clared; document by which an assertion is verified.
;

des'T-le-tgr, n. A
decimal measure of capacity 1-10 = (Law.) That part of the process or pleadings setting
liter = G.1028 cu. inches. [See Liter.] Decimal, — forth the plaintiff's cause of complaint; the narra-
des r i-mal, a. Pert, to decimals: numbered or pro- tion or counts. [F.] —
Declarative, -klar'a tiv,
ceeding by tens. —n. A
number expressed in the -atory, -to-rT, a. Making declaration, etc.; explan-
scale of tens; decimal number; esp. decimal frac- atory; assertive; affirmative.
tion. [OF., fr. L. decimus.] Decimal fractions. — Decline, de-klin', v. i. [-clined (-klind'), -clining.]
Fractions whose denominator is some power of 10, To bend over or hang down, as from weakness,
weariness, despondency, etc.; to tend towards a
as -J*-, an<l is not usually expressed, but is
-;
o o'* close or extinction; to fail, sink, decay to turn
—
:

signified by a point at the left of the numerator, as aside, deviate, stray ; to refuse. v. t. To bend
.2, .25. — Circulating or circulatory decimal. A deci- downward, depress; to turn away from, refuse to
mal fraction in which the same
figure, or set of fig- comply with, reject courteously, shun, avoid.
ures, is constantly repeated; as, 0.354.354354; called (Gram.) To inflect in order in the changes of gram-
also recurring decimal. —
Decimate, v. t. To take matical form.— n. A
falling off; tendency to a worse
the tenth part of, tithe; to select by lot and kill state; deterioration. (Med.) That period of a dis-
every tenth man of; to destroy a certain portion of, order when the symptoms abate in violence: a grad-
devastate. [L. decimare, -matum, fr. decimus.] — ual wasting awav of the physical faculties. Decay;
Decima'tion, n.— Decima'tor, -ter, n. One who, etc. consumption. [OF. decliner, L. decUnare, fr. de and
— Decimeter, de-sim^e-ter or des'Y-me-ter, n. A clinare, to bend, incline, lean; s. rt. L. clivis, a hill,
decimal measure of length =
1-10 meter =
3.9371 slope, E. lean.] —Declin'er, n. —
Declin'able, a.
inches. [See Meter.]— Decline, da-seni', n. A That may be declined; admitting of inflection.
French coin = 1-10 franc, about 2 cents. [F.] — Dec- Declension, -klen'shun, n. Declination; descent;
ister, desls-ter, A solid measure, the 1-10 of a
n. slope; a falling off from excellence; deterioration;
stere, or cubic meter — 3.5317 cu. feet. [See Stere.] decay ; act of courteously refusing ; declinature.
— Decu'rion, -r;-un, n. A
Roman officer command- (Gram.) Inflection of a word, according to gram-
ing 10 soldiers. [L. ilecurio, fr. decuria, a division of matical forms; the form of the inflection of a word
10, fr. decern.] — [See nlso under Decade.] declined by cases. —
Dec'linate, -l'l-nat, a. (Bot.)
Decent, de'sent, a. Suitable in words, behavior, dress, Bending downward, in a curve: curved downward;
and ceremony; free from obscenity; modest; mod- declined. —Declina'tion, n. Act or state of bending
erate, but competent; respectable. [F.,fr. L. decern, downward, or of falling off from excellence, or of
centis, p. pr. of decere, to become, befit, fr. decus, deviating or turning aside; obliquity; withdrawal.
honor, fame.]— De'cently, adv. De'centness, n. — (Astron.) Angular distance of an object from th*»
— De'cency, -st, n. State or quality of being decent; celestial equator. (Dialing.) The arc of the hori-
proper formality ; modesty what is becoming. ; zon, between the vertical plane and prime vertical
Deception, Deceptive, etc. See under Deceive. circle, or between the meridian and the plane.

stin, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.

DECOCT
{Gram.) Act of inflecting a
—
word through
ous terminations. Declination of the compass, or
needle. Variation of the needle from the true merid-
ian of a place. —
Dec'linator, -lT-na-ter, n. An in-
strument for taking the declination of a reclining
plane. — Declin'atory, -klin'a-to-rt, a. Containing a
refusal. —
Declinature, -klin'a-chur, n. Act of put-
ting away or refusing. —
Declinometer, n. An in-
strument for measuring the declination of the mag-
netic needle. [Gr. metron, measure.] Declivity,
-kliv'T-tl, n. Deviation from a horizontal line; de-
scent of surface; inclination downward; a descend-
ing surface; slope. [F. de'cliviti, L. declivitas.]
Declivous, -kli'vus, -clivitous, -kliv'T-tus, a. Grad-
ually descending; sloping.
Decoct, de-kokt', v. t. To prepare by boiling, make
an infusion of, prepare for assimilation by the heat
of the stomach, digest. [L. decoquere, -coctum, to
boil down, fr. de and coquere, to cook. See Cook.]
— Decoctlble, a. Capable of being boiled or di-
gested. — Decodion, n. Act of preparing by boil-
ing an extract prepared by boiling.
; to depreciate, detract, disparage. [OF. descrier, to
Decollate, de-koKlat, v. t. To sever the neck of, be-
head, decapitate. [L. decollare, -latum, fr. collum,
the neck.] —
Decollation, n. Act of beheading.
[OF.] —Decollete, da'kol-le-ta ', a. Leaving the neck
1
and shoulders bare; low-necked, as a dress. [F.]
Decolor, de-kuKer, v. t. To deprive of color, bleach.
[F. decolorer, L. decolorare, fr. de and color, color.]
— Decol'ora'tion, n. Removal or absence of color.
Decompose, de-kom-poz'', v. t. [-posed (-pozdO, -pos-
ing.] To separate the constituent parts of, set free
from chemical combination, resolve into original
elements. —
v. i. To become resolved from existing
combinations; to undergo dissolution, [de and com-
pose, q. v.]— Decomposable, a. — Decomposition,
-zish'un, n. Act of, etc.; analysis; state of being
separated; release from previous combinations.
Decompound, de-kom-pownd'', v. t. To compound or
mix with that already compound; to reduce to con-
stituent parts, decompose. —
a. Compound of what
is already compounded. (Bot.) Several times com-
pounded or divided, as a leaf or stem, [de intens. and
compound, q. v.] — Decompoundable,
posite, -pozlt, a. Compounded more than once.
Decorate, dek'o-rat, v. t. To adorn, embellish, orna-
ment, beautify. [L. decorare, -atum, to adorn, fr.
decus, decdris, an ornament, grace s. rt. decere, to;
befit, decorus, seemly.] —
Dec'orator, -t§r, n. Dec-
ora'tion. n. Act of decorating; that which enriches
or beautifies; ornament. —Decoration day. May
30th, on which the graves of those who fell in the
Amer. civil war are decorated with flowers. Dec'-
orative, -tiv, a. Suited to embellish; adorning.—
Decorous, de-ko'rus or dek'o-rus, a. Suitable to
the time, place, and occasion becoming; proper;
seemly. —
;
Decorously, de-ko'- or dek'o-, adv. De-
corousness, de-ko r - or dek'o-, n. Deco'rum, n.
Propriety of speech, manner, etc.; dignity. [L.J
Decorticate, de-k6r'«-kat, v. t. To take off the exte-
rior coating or bark of; to peel. [L. decorticare, -ca-
tum, f r. de and cortex, bark.] —
Decortication, n.
Decoy, de-coi', v. t. [-coyed (-koidO, -coying.] To
entice into a snare, lead into danger by artifice, en-
trap, insnare. —
n. Anything intended to lead into
a snare; esp. a sportsman's lure to entice birds into
a net or within shot; a place into which wild fowls
are enticed. [L. de-, down, and OF.
tame. See Coy.] — Decoy'-duck, n. A duck, or im-
itation of a duck, employed to decoy others.
Decrease, de-kres', v. i. [-creased (-krest'), -creas-
ing.] To become less, be diminished gradually.
v. t. To cause to lessen, make less. n. becom-
ing less; gradual diminution; decay; wane, as of the
moon. [L. decrescere, -cretum, fr. de and crescere,
to grow.] —
Decrement, n. State of becoming grad-
ually less; quantity lost by waste, etc.— Decres'cent,
-kres'ent, a. Decreasing. Decres-—
cendo, da-kres-en'do, a. (Mus.)
"With decreasing volume of sound, r,......,
— a direction to performers, written
-L»«,rest.euuu.
upon the staff, or indicated as in the margin. [It.]
Decree, de-kre', n. An order or decision by a court or
other competent authority; law; statute; ordinance;
edict, — v. t. [decreed (-kred r ), -creeing.J To de-
termine judicially by authority, or by decree; to
order, appoint. —
v. i. To decide or appoint author-
itatively, determine decisively. [OF. decret, fr. L.
decernere, decretum, to decree, lit. to separate, fr. de
and cernere, to sift, separate, decide, Gr. krinein : s.
rt. sheer, skill.] —
Decre'tal, a. Containing, or pen.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fire
; ;
136 DEEM
its vari- to, a decree. —
n. An authoritative order or decree;
esp. a letter of the pope, determining some question
in ecclesiastical law; a collection of the pope's de-
crees. —
Decre'tist, n. One versed in the decretals.
-Decre'tive, -tiv, a. Having the force, or of the
nature of a decree; determining.— Dec'retory, dek'-
re-to-rt, a. Established by decree; definitive; serv-
ing to determine; critical.— Decletorily, -rt-lY, adv.
Decrepit, de-kreplt, a. Wasted or worn by the in-
— firmities of old age. [Incorrectly written decrepid.]
[L. decrepitus, noiseless, hence moving noiselessly
like aged people, fr. de and crepitus, a noise, prop,
— p. p. of crepare, to crackle.] Decrepltness, -itude, —
n. — Decrepitate, -tat, v. t. To roast or calcine, so
as to cause a continual explosion or crackling. v. —
i. To crackle, as salts when roasting. Decrep'ita'- —
tion, n. Act of decrepitating.
Decrescendo, Decrescent. See under Decrease.
Decretal, Decretory, etc. See under Decree.
Decry, de-kri', v. t. [-cried (-krid'), -crying.] To
cry down; to censure as faulty, mean, or worthless;
call in bad coin, to discredit, disparage, fr. des (L.
dis) and crier, to cry.] Decri r er, n. Decri'al, n. — —
Clamorous censure; condemnation by censure.
Decumbent, de-kum'bent, a. Bending or lying down
prostrate recumbent. {Bot.) Reclining on the
;
ground, and tending to rise at the summit. [L. de-
cumbens, p. pr. of decumbere, fr. de and cumbere, for
cubare, to lie down.]— Decum'bently, adv. — De-
cum'bence, -bency, -sT, n. Act, posture, or state of,
etc. —
Decum'biture, -chur, n. State or time of con-
finement from sickness.
Decuple. See under Decade.
Decurion. See under December.
Decurrent, de-kur'rent, n. (Bot.) Extending down-
ward, as the base of a leaf. [L. decurrens, p. pr. of
decurrere, fr. de and cttrrere, cursum, to run.] De- —
cur 'sive, -siv, a. Running down; decurrent.
Decussate, de-kus'sat, v. t. To cross at an acute
angle; to intersect or lie upon in the form of an
X. [L. decussare, -satum, to cross, fr. decussis t a
coin worth 10 asses (decern asses) and marked-with
a. — Decom- an X(= 10). See Ace.] Decus'sate, -sated, a. —
Crossed intersected.
; (Bot.) Growing in pairs,
each at right angles to the pair above or below
(Rhet.) Consisting of 2 rising and 2 falling clauses,
in alternate opposition to each other. Decussa'- —
— tion, n. Act of crossing at an acute angle; state of
being crossed; intersection in the form of X.
Dedecorous, de-dek'o-rus, a. Disgraceful; unbecom-
ing. [See Decorous.]
— Dedentition, de-den-tish'un, n. The shedding of
teeth, [de and dentition, q. v.]
Dedicate, ded'Y-kat, v.t. To set apart and consecrate,
as to a divinity, or for a sacred purpose: to devote,
— or give wholly or earnestly up to; to inscribe or ad-
— dress, as to a patron. a. Set apart; consecrated; —
dedicated. [L. dedicare, -catum, to devote, fr. de
and dicare, to proclaim, devote.] Dedicator, -ter, —
n. One who dedicates, esp. a book.— Ded'icatee',
n. One to whom a thing is dedicated. Dedica'- —
tion, n. Act of, etc. — Dedicatory, -to-rt, -to'rlal,
-rl-al, a. Composing or serving
as a dedication.
Deduce, de-das', [-duced (-dust'), -ducing.] To
v. t.
derive by logical process; to obtain as the result of
reasoning, infer. [L. de and ducere, dvctum, to
cot, coy, quiet, lead.] —
Deduce'ment, n. Act or process of dedu-
cing; that deduced; inference.— Dedu'cible, -st-bl,
a. Capable of being deduced or inferred. De- —
duct, -dukf, v. t. To take away, in calculating;
— subtract. —
Deduc 'tion, n. Act or method of de-
— A ducing, inferring, or concluding; act of deducting
or taking away that deduced; inference; conclu-
;
sion; that deducted; part taken away; abatement.
— Deductive, -iv, a. Of, or pert, to, deduction;
capable of being deduced from premises; deducible.
— Deductively, adv. Dedu'cive, -siv, o. Perform-—
ing the act of deduction.
Deed, ded, n. That which is done, acted, or effected;
an act illustrious act ; achievement exploit
; ; ;
power of action agency efficiency. (Law.) A
; ;
sealed instrument in writing, containing some
transfer, bargain, or contract, esp. in regard to real
estate. v. t.—To convey or transfer by deed. [AS.
dsed, D. and Dan. daad, Ic. dadh, act.] — In deed
or indeed. In fact in truth verily. — Deed'lesB, a.
; ;
Inactive.
Deem, dem, v. t. [deemed (demd), deeming.] To
conclude on consideration; to think, judge, regard.
•— w. i. To be of opinion, think, estimate. [AS.
; end, eve, *3r?> • lu. I«: ; 3dd, tone, 6r
 DEEP 137 DEFINE
deman, to judge, deem, D. doemen, Ic. dsema, to sible, -fe'zt-bl, a. Capable of being defeated, an-
doom; AS. dom, a doom, judgment.] nulled, or made void.
Deep, dep, a. Extending far below the surface; of Defecate, def e-kat', v. t. To clear from impurities,
freat perpendicular dimension; extending far back as lees, dregs, etc.; to clarify, purify; to free from
rom the front; low in situation; hard to penetrate extraneous or polluting matter. v.i. (Med.) To —
or comprehend; mysterious profound; secret; of ;
void excrement. —
a. Freed from anything that can
penetrating or far-reaching intellect thoroughly pollute refined purified. [L. defsecare, -catum,
—
; ; ;

versed profoundly moving or affecting; penetra-

;
fr. de and fsex,fsecis, dregs, lees.] Defeca'tion, n.
ting; thorough; profoundly quiet or dark; unmixed; Defect, de-fekt', n. Want of something necessary for
sunk low depressed abject strongly colored
; ; ; ; completeness imperfection; failing; blemish de-
; ;

dark intense of low tone; grave; heavy.— adv. formity; fault. [L. defectus, a want, prop. p. p. of
; :

To a great depth; far down; profoundly; deeply. — deftcere, to fail, fr. de and facere, to do.] Defect'- —
n. That which is deep, esp. deep water; the ocean; ive, -iv, o. Wanting in substance, quantity, or
that which is profound most quiet or profound ; quality ; incomplete imperfect faulty. (Gram.)
; ;

part the midst the depth. [AS. deop, D. diep, Lacking some of the usual forms of declension
; ;

Dan. dyb, Ic. djupr, G. tie/; s. rt. dip, dive.] — or conjugation. —

Defectively, adv. Defective- —
Deeply, adv. — Deep'ness, n. — Deep'en, dep'n, v. ness, n. —
Defecation, n. Act of abandoning a per-
t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To make deep or in- son or cause to which one is bound apostasy ;
crease the depth of, make darker or more intense, backsliding. —
Den'cient, -fish'ent, a. Wanting to
;

more poignant or affecting, or more grave or low in make up completeness; not sufficient; inadequate;
tone. — v. i. To become more deep. —Depth, n. short. [L. deficiens, p. pr. of deftcere.'] Deficiently, —
Deepness measure of deepness a deep, or the ; adv. —Defi'cience, -ciency, -shen-sT, n. State of be-
;

deepest, or the middle, part, —as, depth of winter. ing, etc. want failure.
; Deficit, -T-sit, n. Defi-
; —
[Ic. di/pdh, D. diepte.] ciency in amount or quality; lack. [L., 3d pers. pr.
Deer, der, n. sing, and pi. A ruminant quadruped of of deficere, lit. it is wanting.]
eeveral species, the males Defend, de-fend', v. t. To repel danger or harm
of which have antlers. from, guard from injury. (Law.) To deny, as the
iAS. deor, Goth, dius, claim of a plaintiff; to contest, as a suit. [OF. de-
OHG. tior, L. /era, Gr. fendre, L. defendere, -fensum, fr. de and (obs.)
therion, wild animal, D. fendere, to strike.] Defend'er, n. — Defendant, n. —
dier. Dan. and Ic. dyr, One who makes defense against evil defender. ;

Sw. djur, animal, beast.] (Law.) The party opposing a complaint, demand,
— Deer'stalking, or charge, at law or in equity. Defen'sative, —
-etawk'ing.n. The hunt- -sa-tiv, n. That which serves to guard or defend,
ing of deer on foot, by as a plaster for a wound. Defense', -fence', n. —
stealing upon them un- Act of, state of being, or that which, etc. protec- ;

awares. tion guard fortification apology justification.

Deface, de-fas', v. t.
; ;

(Law.) The defendant's answer or

; ;

plea. De- —
[DEFACED (-fast'), -FA- fenseless, -fence'less, a. Destitute of defense; un-
CING.] To destroy or mar protected. —
Defen'sible, -sT-bl, a. Capable of be-
the face or external ap- ing defended. —
Defen'sive, -siv, n. Serving to de-
pearanc of; to disfigure; fend; proper for defense carried on by resisting
to spoil by obliterating Deer attack; in a state or posture to defend. n. That
;

—
important features of. which defends; a safeguard.— To be on the defen-
[OF. desfacer, fr. des (L. dis) and face (L. fades), sive, or to stand on the d. To be in a state of resist-
face.] —
Deface'ment, n. Act of or condition of ance. —
Defen'sively, adv. Defen'sor, -ser, n. —
being, etc.; that which, etc. Defa'cer, n. — (Law.) An advocate in court; guardian or protec-
De facto, de-fak'to._ Actually; in fact; existing. [L.] tor; defendant. (Eccl.) The patron of a church;
Defalcate, de-fal'kat, v. t. To cut off, take away or de- officer in charge of the temporal affairs of a church.
duct part of, —
used chiefly of money, accounts, Defer, de-fgr', v. t. [-fekred (-ferd'), -ferring.] To
etc. [LL. defalcate, -catum, to deduct, orig. to cut put off, postpone to a future time, delay, adjourn,
off with a sickle, fr. L. de andfalx,falcis, sickle.] — protract, —
v.i. To put off, delay, wait. [OF. dif.
Defalcation, n. A cutting off; diminution; deficit; ferer, to defer, delay, L. differre, to bear different
withdrawment that cut off an abstraction of
; ; ways, also, to delay, fr. dis, apart, and ferre, to
money, etc., by an officer having it in charge em- ; bear.] —Defer'rer, n.
bezzlement. Defer, de-fer', v. t. To lay before, submit respect-
Defame, de-fam', v. t. [-famed (-famd'), -faming.] fully, refer. v. i. To yield from respect to the
To harm the good fame of by slanderous reports; wishes of another. [OF. deferer, to charge, accuse,
to speak evil of, asperse, slander, calumniate. [OF. L. deferre, to bring down, bring a thing b'efora one,
defamer, L. diffamare, f r. de and fama, report.] — fr. de, down, and ferre, to bear.]— Deference, n.
Defam'er, n. —
Defamation, def-a-ma'shun, n. Ma- A yielding of judgment or preference to the opinion
licious circulation of reports injurious to another; of another; regard; respect. Deferen'tial, -shal, a. —
slander; detraction; aspersion. — Defam'atory, -to- Expressing deference; accustomed to defer.
rt, a. Containing defamation. Defiance, Defier, etc. See under Defy.
Default, de-fawlt', n. Omission of what ought to be Deficient, Deficit, etc. See under Defect.
done failure lack destitution. (Law.) A neg-
; ; ; Defile, defll', n. A
narrow way, in which troops can
lect of, or failure to take, some step necessary to se- march only in a file, or with narrow front a long,
cure the benefit of law. v. i. To fail to appear in — narrow pass, as between hills, etc. —v. i. To march
;

court; to let a case go by default. v. t. To fail to
perform. (Law.) To call (one who should be pres-
ent in court), and make an entry of his default, if
he fails to appear. [OF. deffaute, default, fr. de and
faute,falte, fault, fr. IL.faUere, to fail.]— To suffer
a default. To permit an action to be called without
appearing to answer. Default'er, n. One who
makes default or fails to appear in court when called
— off file by file ; to file off. [F. diftler, to file off, de-
file, orig. to unravel, fr. de (L. dis), apart, and Titer,
to spin threads, fr.fil, a thread, also a file, rank, L.
filum, a thread. See File.]
Defile, de-fil', v. t. [-filed (-fild'), -filing.] To
make unclean, render foul or dirty, pollute, cor-
— rupt; to make impure or turbid; to sully; to tarnish,
as reputation, etc.; to vitiate to debauch, violate ;
1
;

one who fails to account for money in his care; a to make ceremonially unclean. [ME. defoulen, to
delinquent; peculator. tread down, also to make foul, partly fr. OF. de-
Defeat, de-fet', n. An overthrow, as of an attack, an fender, to trample on, fr. de and LL. folare, fidlare,
army, etc. rout frustration. v. t. To render — to full cloth: see Full, v. t. ; partly fr. AS. fylan, to
null and void
;

to overcome or vanquish, as an
;
;

make foul, fr. ful, foul see Foul.] Defil'er, n. : — —

army to resist with success, ruin, subdue, foil,
; Defile'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; foul-
frustrate. [F. defaite, fr. ddfaire, to undo, fr. de ness ; uncleanness pollution.
(L. dis) and/aire (L./ac<?re), to make or do.] De- — ;

Define, de-fin', v. t. [-fined (-find'), -fining.] To

feasance, -fe'zans, n. A rendering null or void. bring to a termination to end ; to determine the ;

(Laic.) A condition, relating to a deed, which be- boundaries of, mark the limits of to determine ;

ing performed, the deed is defeated or rendered with precision, fix the precise meaning of, explain,
void; or a collateral deed, made at the same time expound or interpret. [OF. definer, L. definire, fr.
with a conveyance, containing conditions, on per- de and finire, -itum, to set a bound, fr. Jinis, end,
formance of which the estate then created mav be limit.] — Defin'er, n. — Defin'able, a. Definite, —
defeated. [Norm. Law F. defaisance.] Defea'- — def'T-nit, a. Having certain limits in extent, or in

sun, cube, full ; moon, iCbt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNboN, chair, get.
 ; —

DEFLAGRATE 138 DE JURE

signification ; precise ; fixed ; exact serving to de- Deglutinate, de-glulY-nat, v. t. To loosen by dissolv-
fine or restrict. —
Definitely, adv.
;

— Def' initeness, ing the glue which unites to unglue. [L. de and
n. — Definition, -nish'un, n. Act of defining, dis- glutinare, gluten, glue.]
fr.
;

tinguishing, explaining, etc.; description of a thing Deglutition, deg-lu-tish r un, n. Act or power of swal-
by its properties explanation of the meaning of a
; lowing. [L. de and glutire, to swallow.]
word or term. (Log.) An enunciation of the con- Degrade, de-grad', v. t. To reduce to a lower rank or
stituents making up the logical essence. Defini- — degree; to deprive of office or dignity; to reduce in es-
tive, -tiv, a. Determinate final conclusive un- timation, eharacter, or reputation; abase; lower re-
— ; : ; ;

conditional. n. ( Gram.) A word used to define duce. ( Geol.) To wear down, as hills and mountains.
or Mmit the extent of the signification of a common [OF. degrader, L. degradare, fr. de and gradus, rank
noun. —
Definitively, adv. Definltiveness, n. — See Grade.] —
Degrad'ed, p. a. Reduced in rank,
Deflagrate, defla-grat, v. i. (Chem.) To burn with a character, etc. sunken ; low base. (Nat. Hist.)
; ;

sudden and sparkling eombustion. v. t. To cause — Presenting the typical characters in an imperfect
to burn, etc. [L. de and ftagrare, -gratum, to flame.] condition. —
Degradlngly, adv. Degradation, n. —
— Deflagration, n. A sparkling combustion, with- Act of, or state of being, etc. diminution of strength,
out explosion. —
Deflagrable, de-fla'- or defla-, efficacy, or value. (Geol.) A gradual wearing down
;

a. Having the quality of burning, etc Defla- — or wasting, as of rocks, banks, etc., by the action of
grator, n. A form of the voltaic battery producing water, frost, etc. (Nat. Hist.) Condition of a type
rapid and powerful combustion. which exhibits degraded forms, species, or groups.
Deflect, de-flekt r v. i. To turn aside, deviate from a
, Degree, de-gre r n. One step upward or downward,
,

right line, proper position, course, or direction to in quality, rank, acquirement, etc. ; grade grada-
—
; ;

swerve. v. t. To cause to turn aside. [L. de and tion; point of progression to which one has arrived;
flectere, flexum, to bend.] Deflection, n. Act of,— station quality
; extent grade to which scholars
; :

etc. deviation. (Naut.) Departure of a ship from

; are admitted in recognition of their attainments by
its true course. (Opt.) Deviation of the rays of a college or university. (Genealogy.) certain re- A
light toward the surface of an opaque body. De- — move in the line of descent, determining proximity
flexure, -flek'shur, n. A bending or turning aside. of blood. (Geom.) A 860th part of the circumfer-
Defloor, -flower, de-flowr', v. t. [-floured or flow- ence of a circle. (Algebra.) State as indicated by
ered (-flOWrd'), -FLOURING Or -FLOWERING.] To sum of exponents. A
division, space, or interval,
deprive of flowers to rob of the choicest ornament,
; marked on a mathematical instrument, etc., as on a
esp. of virginity: to ravish, seduce. [OF. defleurer, thermometer. (Mus.) Difference in elevation be;
LL. deflorare, to gather flowers, ravish, fr. de and tween 2 notes. [OF. degre, degret, fr. L. de and
flos,floris, a flower.] —
Deflour'er, -flower'er, n.— gradus. See Degrade.] —
By degrees. Step by
Deflora'tion, n. Act of, etc. step; by little and little. — To a degree. To an ex-
Defluxion, de-fluk'shun, n. (Med.) A discharge or treme exceedingly.
;

flowing off of humors. [L. dejluxio, f r. de and flu- Dehiscent, de-his'sent, a. (Bot.) Opening, as the cap-
ere,fluxum, to flow.] sule of a plant. [L. de and hts-
Deforce, de-fors', v. t. [-forced (-forsf), -forcing.] cere, to yawn, gape; s. rt. chaos,
(Law.) To keep from the lawful possession of the yawn.] —
Dehis'cence, -sens, n.
owner. [OF. deforcer (LL. difforciare), fr. de and Act of gaping. (Bot.) The
force, LL. fortia, power, fr. L./orte, strong.] — De- opening of pods and of cells
force'ment, n. A wrongful withholding, as of lands of anthers at maturity, to emit
or tenements, to which another has a right. — Defor- seeds, pollen, etc.
ciant, -shant, n. (Eng. Law.) One who keeps out, Dehort, de-hfirf, v. t. To urge
etc. —Deforciation, -shT-a'-, n. (Law.) A withhold- to abstain from, dissuade. [L.
ing by force or fraud from rightful possession. de and hortari, -tatus, to urge,
Deforest, de-f or'est, v. t. To clear of forests, destroy exhort.] Dehorta'tion^n. —
the trees of. Dehort'atory, -to-ri, a. Tend-
r
Deform, de-f6rm', v. t. [-formed (-f6rmd ), -form- ing to dissuade.
ing.] To mar or alter in form, disfigure, render dis- Deicide, Deify, etc. See u nder .

pleasing or ugly. [OF. defforme, L. defom.is, ugly, Deity. Dehiscent Silicula.

fr. de and forma, form, beauty.]— Deformation, n. Deign, dan, v. i. [deigned (dand), deigning.] To
—
Act of, etc. Deform'edly, adv. In an ugly manner. think worthy, vouchsafe, condescend. v. t. To
— Deform'er, n. —
Deformity, -Y-ti, n. State of be- condescend to give. [OF. deigner, degner, L. dig-
ing deformed want of symmetry irregularity of
; nari, fr. dignus, worthy. See Dainty.]
;

shape or features anything destroying beauty, Deity, de'T-tY, n. The collection of attributes which
;

grace, or propriety; distortion defect absurdity. make up the nature of a god; divinity godhead a ;

Defraud, de-frawd', v. t. To deprive of right by

;

god or goddess.
;

The deity. God, the Supreme Be- — ;

fraud, deception, or artifice; to withhold wrongfully,
injure by embezzlement, cheat, deceive, frustrate.
[OF. defrauder, L. defraudare, fr. de and j ram,
fraudis, fraud.]— Defraud'er, n.
Defray, de-fra', v. t. [-frayed (-fradO, -fraying.]
To meet the cost of, bear the expense of. [OF. de-
ing. [OF. deite, L. deitas, fr. deus, AS. Tiw (whence
Tuesday), Ic. tivi, OHG. Ziu (whence Ziwes tac, Q.
LHenstag, E. Tuesday), W. duw, Ga. and Ir. dia,
Skr. deva, god, Gr. Zeus, Jupiter, fr. Skr. div, to
shine s. rt. L. dies, day; not s. rt. Gr. theos, a god.]
De'ist, n. One who believes in the existence of a — ;

frayer, fr. de and frait, LL. fractus, cost, expense, God, but denies revealed religion; one who professes
fr. L. frangere, fractum, to break.] Defray'al, —
no form of religion, but follows nature and reason;
-ment, n. Act of, etc. Defray'er, n. — a freethinker. Deist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to deism or —
Deft, deft, a. Apt fit dexterous neat. [AS. daft, to deists. Deist'ically, adv. Deism, -izm, n. — —
fr. dafan, to be fit or apt.]
; ;

Deftly, adv. —
;

Doctrine or creed of, etc. Deify. -Tt-fl, v t. [-fied — .

Defunct, de-funkf, a. Having finished the course of (-lid), -fying.] To make a god of, apotheosize to ;

life; dead; deceased. [L. defunctus, p. p. oidefungi,
to discharge, depart, die, f r. de and fungi, to per-
form.]— n. A dead person.
Defy, de-fi',v. t. [defied (-fid'), -fying.] Ong., to
renounce faith or obligation with, reject. To pro-
voke to combat or strife to act in hostility to eall
treat with supreme regard, render god-like. [OF.
deifier; h.facere, to make.] Delfi'er, n.— Deiflc, —
-ical, a. Making divine. — De'ifica'tion, n. Act of,
etc.— Delform, a. Like a god; of godlike form. [L.
forma, form.] — Deicide, -sid, ». Act of killing a
divine being, esp. of putting Christ to death one ;

concerned in, etc. [L. csedere, to cut, kill.] — Deip-

; ;

out to combat, challenge, dare, brave. [F. defer,

LL. diffidare, prop, to commit a breach of faith, fr. arous, -ip'a-rus, a. Bringing forth a god, — said of
L. dis and fides, faith.] —
Defi'er, n. Defi'ance, — the Virgin Mary. [L. parere, to bring forth.]
-ans, n. Act of, etc.; a challenge provocation; state ; Deject, de-jekt', v. t. To cast down the spirits of, dis-
of opposition. — Defi'ant, a. Full of, etc.; bold; in- courage, dishearten, depress. [L. dejicere, -jectum,
Deject'edly, adv. In —
fr. de and jacere, to throw.]
solent.
Degenerate, de-jen'er-at, v. i. To be or grow worse a dejected manner; sadly. - Deject'edness, n. De- —
than one's kind to be inferior or degraded; to de- ject 'er, n. —
Dejection, n. Lowness of spirits from
teriorate. — a. ;

Having deteriorated base ; mean ; ; grief or misfortune; melancholy; weakness. (Med.)

Dejec - —
low. [L. degenerare, -atum, fr. degener, degenerate, Act of voiding excrement ; matter voided.
fr. de and genus, generis, birth, race.] Degen'erate- — ture, -jek'chur, n. Excrement.
A
ly, adv. —
Degen'erateneBS, ».— Degeneration, De- Dejeuner, da-zh'e-na', De^eune, da-zhgn', n. break-
generacy, -si, n. Act of becoming, or state of hav- fast; lunch. [F., fr. L. dis and jejunus, fasting.]
ing become degenerate; decay; meanness; poorness. De jure, de-ju're. Bv right; of right; by law, often
— Degenerative, -tiv, a. Tending to degenerate. opp. to de facto. [L.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, ice ; Odd, tone, dr
 DEKAGRAM iay DELVE
Dekagram, Dekaliter, etc. See Decagram, etc., un- Delineate, de-lin'e-at, v. t. To represent by sketcn,
derDECADE. design, or diagram; to portray to the mind, depict,
Delaine, de-lan', n. A fabric for ladies' dress-goods, sketch, picture, describe. [L. de and lineare, -atum,
— orig. all wool, now of cotton and wool, or worsted. to draw in outline, fr. linea, a line.] —
Delin'ea'tion,
[F. de laine, of wool.] n. Act of, etc. description portrait outline
Delay, de-la', v. t. [-layed (-lad'), -laying.] To draught. — ; ;

Delin'ea'tor, -tgr, n. One who, etc.—

; ;

put off, defer to stop, detain, or hinder, for a time,

: Delin'eament, -e-a-ment, n. Representation by, etc.
retard the motion of, procrastinate, protract. v. i.
To move slowly, linger, tarry, n. A deferring;
procrastination a lingering; stay detention. [OF.
; ;
delai. It. dilata, fr. L. (lis and ferre, latum, to Dear,
whence, defer] —
Delay 'er, n.
Dele, de'le, v. t. (Print.) Erase, remove, direc-
tion to cancel something which has been put in (.
type; usually expressed as in the margin. [L., Q>
imper. of delere, deletum, to destroy, blot out.]
— Delete, -let', v. t. To blot out, erase, destroy.
Dele'tdon, n. Act of, etc. Deleble, del'e-bl, a.—
Capable of being, etc. —
Del'ete'rious, -rl-us, a. De-
structive to life; poisonous; pernicious. Delen'da,
-da, n. ill. Things to be erased.
Delectable. Delectation, etc. See under Delicate.
Delegate, del'e-gat, v. t. To send as one's representa-
tive ; to commission, depute ; to intrust to the care
or management of another, assign, commit. n.
One deputed to represent another ; one elected to
represent the people of a territory in Congress, with
the right of debating, but not of voting ; a deputy ;
— Delinquent, de-link'went, a. Failing in duty; offend-
— ing by neglect of duty. n. — One who fails to per-
form his duty; an offender; one who commits a fault
or crime. [L. delinquens, p. pr. of delinquere, to be
wanting in duty, i'r. de and linquere, to leave.] De- —
—a linquency, -wen-st, n. Failure or omission of duty;
fault; crime.
Deliquesce, del'T-kwes', v. i. [-quesced (-kwesf),
-quescing.] To dissolve gradually and become liq-
— uid by absorbing moisture from tlie air. [L. de and
liquescere, to melt, fr. liguere, to be fluid.] Deli- —
ques'cent, -sent, a. Liquefying in the air. (Bot.)
— Branching so that the stem is lost in the branches.
Deliques'cence, -sens, n. Act or state of being, etc.
— Deliq'uiate, -lik'wY-at, v. i. To deliquesce. De- —
liq'uium, a. ( Chem.) A
melting or dissolution in th«
air, or in a moist place. [L.]
— Delirium, de-lir'T-um, n. (Med.) A
state in which
one's ideas are wild, irregular, and unconnected;
mental aberration. Strong excitement; wild enthu.
siasm; insanity; frenzy; madness. [L. fr. delirus, ,

representative; commissioner; attorney.— a. Sent to
act for another; deputed. [L. de and legare, -gatum,
to send, depute.]— Delega'tion, n. Act of delega-
ting ; appointment of a delegate one or more per-
sons representing others, as in Congress, etc. (Law.)
A substitution by which a debtor gives a third per-
son, who becomes obliged in his stead to the creditor.
Delenda, Delete, Deleterious, etc. See under Delb.
Delf delf Delft, Delft'ware, n. Earthen ware, covered
, ,
with white glazing, —
orig. made at Delft, Holland.
Deliberate, de-lib'er-at, v. t. To weigh in the mind,
consider maturely, reflect upon, ponder. v. i. To
take counsel with one's self, weigh the arguments
for and against a proposed course of action, reflect,
consider. a. —
Weighing with a view to decision;
carefully considering probable consequences cir-
cumspect; formed with deliberation; well advised;
not hasty or sudden; slow. [L. deliberare, -atum, fr.
de and librare, to weigh, fr. libra, a balance.]— De-
lib'erately, adv. —
Deub'erateness, n. Delib'era'-
tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Deliberative, -tiv, a. Pert,
to, or proceeding or acting by deliberation.— Delib'-
eratively, adv. In the way of deliberation.
Delicate, del'T-kat, a. Full of pleasure; delightful;
pleasing to the senses, or to a nice or cultivated taste;
softly tinted, —
said of color: fine or slender, —said
of thread; slight or smooth, light and yielding,— said
of texture; soft and fair, —
said of the skin or a sur-
face refined; scrupulous not to offend,
; said of
manners or feelings; tender, not able to endure hard-
ship, —said of constitution, health, etc.; requiring
nice handling; dainty; nicely discriminating. [L.
delicatus, luxurious; delicia, luxury, pleasure, deli-
cere, to amuse, allure, fr. de and lacere, to allure.]
Del'icacy, -ka-st, n. State or condition of being del-
icate; agreeableness to the senses; nicety of form,
texture, or constitution; frailty or weakness; ex-
treme propriety; susceptibility or tenderness; effem-
inacy luxury; self-indulgence; critical niceness
; Deltoid leaf. (Bot.) One of triangular
that which is pleasing, delicate, or refined a luxury
one who leaves the furrow in plowing, fr. de and
lira, furrow.] Delirium tremens. (Med.) violent A
delirium induced by excessive and prolonged use of
; intoxicating liquors. —
Delir'ious, -T-us, a. Suffer-
ing from, etc.; wandering in mind; insane.— Delir'-
iouaness, n. —
Delir'iant, n. (Med.) A poison which
occasions mental aberration —
as belladonna.
Delitescence, del-T-tes'sens, -cency, -sen-st, n. State
of being concealed; retirement. (Med.) The period
during which poisons lie dormant in the system.
[L. delitescent, p. pr. of delitescere, fr. de and lates-
— cere, to hide one's self, f r. latere, to lie hid.]
Deliver, de-liv'gr, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -eking.] To
free from restraint, set at liberty, save from evil; to
give or transfer, part with to, make over; to com-
; municate, pronounce, utter, impart; to give forth in
action, discharge; to relieve of a child in child-birth.
[F. de"livrer, LL. deliberare, to liberate, give over, f r.
L. de and liberare, to set free. See Liberate.] —
— Deliv'erer, n.— Deliv'erance, -ans, n. Act of, or
state of being, etc. —
Deliv'ery, -Sr-t, n. Act of, or
state of being, etc.; rescue; release; surrender; ut-
terance; parturition; freedom; preservation.
Dell, del, n. A
small retired dale or valley; ravine;
dingle. [Same as dale. q. v.; OD. delle, pool, ditch.]
Delphian, del'fT-an, Del'phic, a. (Gr. Antig.) Rela-
ting to Delphi, in Greece, and its oracle; oracular.
Dolphin, -phine, del'fin, a. Pert, to the dauphin of
— France or to an edition of the classics, prepared for
—
his use. [See Dauphin.] Del'phine, a. Pert, to
the dolphin, a genus of fishes. [L. delphinus, a dol-
phin.]
Delta, del'ta, n.; pi. -tas, -taz. The Greek letter A;
— a triangular tract of land; esp. the space between 2
mouths of a river. (Geol.) Alluvial flats formed
about diverging mouths of a river.—
Del'toid. a. Like the Greek A; trian-
gular. TGr. delta and eidos, form.] —
;
;

form. —
D. muscle. (Anat.) The mus-
or pleasure; thing pleasant to the senses, esp. to the cle in the shoulder which moves the
sense of taste; a dainty. —
Del'icately, adv. Del'- — arm directly upward.
icateness, n. —
Deli'cious, -lish'us, a. Affording ex- Delude, de-lud'', v. t. To lead from
quisite pleasure; most grateful to the senses, esp. to truth or into error, mislead the judg-
the taste. [OF. delicieus, LL. deliciosus, fr. L. de- ment of; to frustrate or disappoint; to
licia.] —
Deli'ciously, adv. —
Deli'ciousness, n. — deceive, beguile, cheat. [L. de and
Delight, de-lit', n. A
high degree of gratification of ludere, lusum, to play, mock.] De- j^tx —
V* 1101 *d1 Ieaf
-

mind; lively happiness; joy; that which affords de- lud'er, n. -

Delud'able, a. Delu'- - , f
light. —v. t. To give great pleasure to; to please sion, -zhun, n. Act of or state of being, etc.; false
highly.
m hi or take delight. [OF. deliter,
v. i. To have
,

belief; error; illusion; fallacy. —

Delu'sive, -siv, a.
L. delectare,
delec -atum, to delight, freq. of delicere, F. Fitted or tending to mislead. —
Delu'sory, -so-rl, a.
delit, delight (noun).] —
Delight'ful, -ful, -some, Apt to delude.
-sum, a. Affording, etc.; delicious; charming. — Deluge, del'uj, n. An overflowing of the land by
Delight'fully, adv.— Delight 'fulness, n. Delec'ta- — water; an inundation; esp. the flood in the days of
ble, a. Delightful. [F.j L. delectabilis.] Delec'- — Noah; anything which overwhelms, as a great ca-
tably. adv. —
Delec'tableness, n. Delecta'tion, n. — lamity. — v. t. [deluged (-ujd), -uging.] To over-
Deligate, del'i-gat, v. t. (Surg.) To bind up, band- flow, as with water, inundate, drown; to overwhelm
age. [L. de and ligare, to bind.] Deliga'tion, n. — under a general calamity. [F. deluge, OF. deluve,
Act or operation of, etc. Li. diluvium, fr. dis and luere, to wash.]
Delimit, de-lim'it, v. t. To lay out, as the boundary Delve, delv, v. t. [delved (delvd), delving.] To dig;
of a country. [L. de and E. limit, q. v.] Delimita- — to open with a spade; to fathom, penetrate, trace
tion, n. Act of, etc., esp. when a rearrangement of out. — v. i. To labor with the spade. [AS. delfan,
territory is made; a boundary-line. D. delven ; s. rt. dale, dell] —
Delv'er, n.

sun. cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 DEMAGNETIZE
Demagnetize, de-mag' net-Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -iz-
ing.j To deprive of magnetic polarity; to restore
from a sleep-waking state, [ete and magnetize, q. v.]
Demagogue, dem'a-gog, n. One who controls the mul-
titude by specious or deceitful arts; an artful politi-
cal orator, [fc.; Gr. demagogos, fr. demos, the com-
mon people, and agein, to lead.] Dem'agogism, — -mish'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ; degra-
-gog-izm, -agogy, -gog'T, -agog'ery, -er-T, n. Arts or
practices of, etc.
Demain. See Demesne.
Demand, de-mand', v. t. To ask or call for, as one
who has a claim, right, or power, to enforce the
claim; to make requisition of to inquire earnestly
; of the world; an aeon, or exalted and mysterious
or authoritatively, question; to require as necessary;
to be in urgent need of. {Law.) To call into court,
—
summon. v. i. To make a demand, ask, inquire!
— n. Act of, etc.; requisition; exaction; earnest in-
quiry; question; diligent search; manifested want;
thing claimed; claim. [OF. demander, L. deman-
dare, fr. de and mandare, to entrust.] In demand.
In request; much sought after. —
On d. On presen-
tation and request of payment. —
Demand'' able, a.—
Demand'ant, «. One who demands; the plaintiff in
an action. — Demand'er, n.
Demarcation, -kation, de-mar-ka'shun, n. Act of
marking, or of setting a limit; division; separation;
a limit ascertained and fixed. [F. demarcation, fr.
de" (L. de), down, and marquer, to mark; not fr. de -
marquer, to take away a mark, f r. L. dis, etc.]
Demean, de-men', v. t. [-MEANED(-mend'), -meaning.]
To manage, conduct, treat, deport. [OF. demener,
to conduct, guide, manage, fr. de and mener, to con-
duct, LL. minare, to lead from place to place; L.
minare, to urge, drive on, rninari, to threaten.] — v.
t. To debase, lower, degrade. [A blundering for-
—
mation f r. E. mean, base.] Demean'or, -er, n. Man-
140 DEMOTIC
son. Conveyance or transfer of an estate*
(Laic.)
— v. t. [demised (-mizd''), -mising.] To transfer or
transmit by succession or inheritance; to bequeath;
to lease. fOF., p. p. of desmettre, to displace, dis-
miss, L. dimittere, to send away, fr. dis and mittere t
to send.] —
Demisable, -za-bl, a. DemisSion, —
dation; humiliation.
Demit, de-mif, v. i. To let fall, depress; to lay down
formally, as an office; to yield or submit. [L. de
and mittere, to send.J
Demiurge, dem'T-erj, n. God as creator and former
agent in the creation of the world and of man from
matter, — so called by the Gnostics, and regarded
as the source of everything evil. [Gr. demiourgos,
workman, esp. maker of the world, fr. demos, the
people, and ergon, a work.] —
Demiur'gic, a. Pert.
to, etc.; formative; creative.
— Demobilize, de-mob'Y-liz, v. t. (Mil.) To dismiss
from active service, or a war footing; muster out;
disarm, —said of troops. [F. ddmobihser, f r. de and
mobiliser, to mobilize, fr. mobile, L. mobilis, mov-
able, fr. movere, to move.] —
Demob iliza'tion, n.
Process of, etc.
Democracy, de-mok'ra-sT, n. A form of government
in which supreme power is vested in the people, and
1
the legislative and executive functions are exercised
by the people or by persons representing them; prin-
ciples held by one of the political parties of the U.
S. [OF. democratic, Gr. demokratia, fr. demos, the
people, and kratein, to be strong, rule, fr. kratm,
strength.] —
Dem'ocrat, n. An adherent or promoter
of, etc.— Democratic, -ical,o. Pert, to, or favoring,
etc.; constructed upon the principle of popular gov-
ernment favoring popular rights,— Democratically,
;

ner of behaving; conduct; deportment; mien. adv.

Dementia, de-men'shY-a, n. Loss of mental power as Demolish, de-mollsh, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.]
a result of brain-disease. [L., madness, dementire, to To throw or pull down, pull to pieces, ruin, over-
be out of one's mind, f r. de and mens, mentis, mind.] throw, destroy, raze. [OF. demolir, L. demoliri,
— De'mency, -sT, n. Dementia. —
Demen'tate, -tat, -litus, fr. de and moliri, to endeavor, displace, fr.
a. Deprived of reason, —
v. t. To deprive of reason. moles, a heap, effort.] — Demollsher, n. — Demoli-
— Dementa'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. tion, -lish'un, n. Act of, etc.; destruction.
Demephitize, de-mefT-tlz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tiz- Demon, de'mun, n. (Gr. Antiq.) A spirit holding a
ing.] To purify from foul, unwholesome air. [Fr. middle place between men and gods; a departed
de and F. me'phitiser, to infect with mephitis, q. v.] soul. An evil spirit; devil. TOF.; L. dsemon, Gr.
Demerit, de-mgr'it, n. That which deserves blame or daimon.'] —
Demoniac, de-mo'nf-ak, -niacal, dem-
detracts from merit; fault; crime; vice; state of one o-ni'ak-al, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; influenced by
who deserves ill. [OF. demerite, LL. demeritum, fr. evil spirits; devilish. —
Demo'niac, n. human be- A
L. de and merere, to deserve. See Merit.] ing possessed by, etc. —
Demo'nian, a. Having the
Demesne, de-men', -main'', -man, n. (Law.) The chief nature of, etc. —
De'monism, -izm, n. Belief in
manor-place, with that part of its lands not granted demons or false gods. —
De'monist, n. One who
out in tenancy. [OF. demaine, domaine (demesne believes, etc. —
De'monship, n. State of being, etc.
being a false spelling), fr. L. dominium, lordship; — DemonolStry, -a-trT, n. Worship of, etc. [Gr.
same as domain, q. v.] latreia, worship.] — DemonolSgy, -o-jT, n. A
Demicadence, dem'T-ka'dens, ti. (Mus.) An imperfect treatise on evil spirits. [Gr. logos, discourse.]
cadence, or one that falls on any other than the key- Demonetize, de-mon'e-tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tTzd>,
note. [F. demi, half (It. demi, L. demidius, fr. dis, -tizing.] To deprive of value, or withdraw from
apart, and medius, middle), and cadence, q. v.] — use, as currency. —
Demon' stiza'tion, n. Process
Dem'i-god, n. A
fabulous hero, half divine, pro- of, or state of being, etc.
duced by the cohabitation of a deity with a mortal. Demonstrate, dem'on- or de-mon'strat, v. t. To point
— Dem'i-lune, -lun, n. (Fort.) work beyond theA out, indicate, exhibit: to show, prove, or establish
main ditch of a fortress, and in front of the curtain so as to exclude doubt or denial. (Anat.) To ex-
between 2 bastions, to defend the curtain; a ravelin. hibit and describe the parts of a dead body, when
See Ravelin.— Dem /
i-monde r -moNd', n. The lower dissected. [L. de and monstrare, -stratum, to show.]
,

half of society; persons of doubtful reputation; esp. — Demonstrable, a. Admitting of decisive proof.
women kept as mistresses. [F. monde, L. mundus, — Demon'strableness, -strabil'ity, n. Demon- —
—
;

the world.] —
Demi-rep, n. A
woman of suspicious strably, adv. Demonstration, n. Act of, etc.;
chastity. [Contr. of demi-reputation.~] Dem'i-ri'- — proof; manifestation of feelings by outward signs.
lie'vo, -re'le-a'vo, n. (Sculp.) Half-relief, or the (Anat.) Exhibition of parts of a subject prepared
standing out of a figure from the background by by the dissector. (Logic.) Act of proving by syl-
half its thickness. logistic process. (Math.) A
course of reasoning
[It.] — Dem'i-seml- showing that a certain result is a necessary conse-
qua'ver, -kwa'ver, n. quence of assumed premises. (Mil.) decisive A
(Mus.) A
short note, exhibition of force, or a movement indicating an
equal in time to the intention. —
Demonstrative, -tiv, a. Tending to
half of a semi-qua- demonstrate; having the power of demonstration;
Demi-semi-quavers
ver, or l-32d part of expressing feeling, thoughts, etc.; frank; open.—
whole note. —
Demi-tint, n. (Paint.) grada- A Demonstrative pronoun. (Gram.) One distinctly
tion of color between positive light and positive designating that to which it refers. Demonstra- —
shade. — Demi-volt, n. An artificial motion of a tively, adv. —
Dern'onstra'tor, n. One who, etc. —
horse, in which he raises his fore-legs peculiarly. Demon'stratory, -rt, a. Tending to, etc.
[F. volte, a gait of a horse, fr. L. volvere, to turn.] Demoralize, de-mor'al-Tz, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.]
Demijohn, dem'Y-jon, n. A
glass bottle with large To destroy or undermine the morals of; to render
body and small neck, inclosed in wicker-work. [F. corrupt in morals, discipline, courage, etc. [F. de"*
dame-jeanne (i. e.. Lady Jane), corrupt, of Dama- moraliser, fr. de (OF. des, L. dis, apart) and moral-
ghan, a town in Khorassan, once famous for glass- iser, to expound morally.] —
Demor'aliza'tion, n.
works.] Act of, or state resulting from, etc.
Demise, de-mlz', n. Transmission by formal act or Demotic, de-mofik, a. Pert, to the people; popular;
conveyance to an heir or successor; transference; common. [Gr. demotes, a commoner, ir. demos, the
decease of a royal, princely, or distinguished per- people.] —
Demotic alphabet or character. A form

Sm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; tn. ice ; Odd. tone, 6r j
 DEMULCENT 141 DEOXIDATE
of writing used in Egypt since 6 or 7 centuries b. c, into how many parts the integer is divided. (Alg.)
for books, deeds, etc. a simplification of the hieratic
: That part of any expression below the horizontal
character; — called also enchorial character. line signifying division.
Demulcent, de-mul'sent, a. Softening, mollifying, Denote, de-nof, v. t. To indicate, point out, mark;
lenient. — n. {Med.) A
substance of a bland, mu- to be the sign of, signify, mean, intend. [OF. de
cilaginous nature, to protect the tissues from the noter, L. denotare, fr. de and notare, to mark, nota,
action of irritant humors. [L. demulcens, p. pr. of a mark.] Denot^ able, a. —
Den'ota'tion, n. —
demulcere. to sooth, fr. de and mulcere, to allay.] Denouement, da-noo'moN, n. The catastrophe, esp.
Demur, de-mer', v. i. [-mukked (-merd'), -murring.] of a drama, romance, etc.; solution of a mystery;
To delay, pause, suspend proceedings in view of a issue; event. [F., fr. denouer, to untie, fr. de (L.
doubt or difficulty. (Law.) To raise an objection, dis) and noue (L. nodus), a knot.]
and abide upon it for decision by the court. n. —
Denounce, de-nowns', v. t. [-no'unced (-nownsf),
Stop; pause; hesitation as to proceeding suspense -nouncing.] To give formal or official notice of.
;

of decision or action. [OF. demeurer, demourer, to announce, declare to threaten by some outward ;

stay, fr. L. demorari, to retard, delay, fr. de and expression to point out as deserving of punish-
;

morari, to delay, fr. mora, delay; prob. s. rt. L. ment, etc., inform against, stigmatize. [OF. de-
mentor, mindful.] —
Demur'rage, -rej, n. (Com.) noncer, L. denuntiare, -atum, to declare, fr. de and
Detention of a vessel by the freighter beyond the nuntius, a messenger. See Nuncio.]— Denounce'-
time allowed by her charter-partv payment for ment, n. Notification, esp. of a threat, calamity,
—
;

such detention. [Also applied to land carriage, by etc.; denunciation. Denoun'cer, n.— Denun'ciate,
wagons, railways, etc.]— Demur'rer, n. One who -shY-at, v. t. To denounce. Denun'cia'tion, n. —
demurs. (Law.) A
stop in an action upon a point Act of, etc.; that by which anything is denounced;
to be determined by the court before further pro- public accusation. Denun'cia'tor, n. Denun'ci — —
ceedings can be had. atory, -to-rY, a. Containing, etc.; accusing.
Demure, de-mur', a. Of sober or serious mien of Dense, dens, a. Having the constituent parts closely
;

modest appearance grave modest in outward

; united close compact. [L. densus, Gr. dasus.] -
;

seeming only; making a show of gravity. [OF.de Dense'ly, adv.

;

Den'sity, -sY-tl, n. Quality of be-

;

—
=
mws de bons mitrs, of good manners; murs fr. L. ing, etc. (Physics.) The proportion of solid matter
moi-es, morals.] —
Demurely, adv.—Demure'ness, n. to a given bulk or volume. Densimeter, n. An —
Demy, de-mi r , n.; pi. Demies, -miz'. size of paper A apparatus for measuring the specific gravity of liq-
next smaller than medium. —
a. Pert, to, or made uids. [Gr. metron, a measure.]
of, this size of paper. IDemi : see Demicadence.] Dent, dent, n. The mark made by a blow; indenta-
Den, den, n. A
cave or hollow place in the earth, for tion. v. t. —
To make a dent upon, indent. [Same
concealment, shelter, or security ; a customary as dint, q. v. not s. rt. F. dent, tooth.]
—
;

place of resort; haunt; retreat. v. i. To dwell as Dental, den'tal, a. Pert, to the teeth. (Gram.)
in a den. [AS. denn, OD. denne.] Formed by aid of the teeth, etc. n. An ar- —
Denarius, de-na'rY-us, n. ; pi. -rii, -rY-T. An old ticulation formed by aid of the teeth or gum of
Roman coin worth about lb cents, —orig. worth 10 the teeth. [L. dens, dentis, tooth.] Dental. formula. —
of the pieces called as. [L., fr. deni, 10 by 10, fr. {Zo'ol.) A notation of the number and kind of teeth
decern, ten. See December.] —
Den'ary, -rt, a. Con- of mammiferous animals. Den'tate, -tated, a. —
taining 10; tenfold. —
n. The number 10. Toothed sharply notched serrate. Denta'tion, —
;

—
;

Denationalize, de-nash'un-al-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), Form or formation of teeth. Den'ticle, -tY-kl,

-izing.] To divest of national character or rights, n. A
small tooth or projecting point. [L. denticulus,
by transference to the service of another nation, [de dim. of dens.] Dentic'ulate, -lated, a. (Bot.) —
and nationalize."] Notched into little tooth-like projections finely
Denaturalize, de-nach'Sr-al-iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), dentate. —
Dentic ula'tion, n. State of being, etc.
;

—
-izing.] To render unnatnral

Dendrite, den'drit, n. (Min.)

alienate from na-
ture; to denationalize, [de and naturalise.]
;

A
stone pr mineral,
Den'tiform
fo form.]
Having the formi of teet
Dentoid, a.
eidos, form.]— Den'tifrice, -fris, n.
teeth.
Dentiform. [(
powder to
—
A
&
showing branching figures resembling trees. [Gr. clean the teeth. [L. dentifricium, fr. fricare, to
dendron, a tree; s. rt. drus, tree, oak, E. tree.] — —
rub .] Den 'til, n. (Arch.) An ornamental pro-
Dendrit'ic, -drlfik, -ical, a. Containing, etc.— jection in cornices. Den'tist, n. One who cleans, —
Den'droid, a. Resembling a shrub or tree. [Gr. extracts, repairs, or fills natural teeth, and inserts
eidos, form.] —
Den'driform, -drT-f6rm, a. Den- artificial ones. Den'tistry, -rY, n. Art or profes- —
droid. [L. forma, form.] —
Dendrol'ogy, -jY, m. sion of a dentist. A Denature, -ture, n. An artificial —
treatise on trees natural history of trees. [Gr.
; tooth or set of teeth. Denti'tion, -tish'un, n. Pro • —
logos, discourse.]— Dendrol'ogist, n. One versed cess of cutting the teeth. (Zo'ol.) System of teeth
in, etc.— Dendrom'eter, n. An instrument to meas- peculiar to an animal. [L. dentire, -itum, to cut teeth.]
ure trees, f Gr. metron, measure.] Denude, de-nud', v. t. To divest of all covering,
Dengue, den'ga, n. A
violent fever, with rheuma- make bare or naked, strip. [L. de and nudare,
tism, epidemic in tropical countries, called also —
-datum, to make naked, fr. nudus, jare.] Den'uda'- —
dandy-, bouquet-, and bucket-fever. See Break- tion, n. Act of, etc. (Geol.) "".e laying bare or
bone fever. [Called dandy in Brit. W. India wearing away of rocks, as by running water.
islands, from the attitudes of the sufferers; corrupt, Denunciate, Denunciatory, etc. See under Denounce.
by Spaniards into Sp. dangue, dengue, lit. prudery.] Deny, de-ni /', v. t. [denied (-ntd), denying.] To
Deniable, Denial, etc. See under Deny. contradict, gainsay, declare not to be true; to re-
Denim, den'im, n. A
coarse cotton drilling used for fuse, reject to refuse to grant, withhold to dis- ; ;

overalls, etc. claim connection with, responsibility for, etc.; to

Denizen, den'Y-zn, n. An adopted or naturalized disown, abjure. [OF. denier, deneier, L. denegare,
citizen; a stranger admitted to residence in a for- f r. de and negare, to say no.] To deny one's self. —
eign country; dweller; inhabitant, —v. t. [-zened To decline the gratification of desires, practice self-
(-znd), -zening.] To make a denizen, provide with denial. Denver, n. —
Deniable, a. Deni'al, n. — —
denizens. [OF. deinzein, f r. deinz =
F. dans, L. de Act of, etc.; assertion of the untruth of a statement:
intus, from within.] —
Denization, n. Act of, etc. contradiction; refusal^ disavowal.
Dennet, den'net, n. A
2-wheeled carriage, like a gig. Deobstruent, de-ob'stroo-ent, a. (Med.) Removing
Denominate, de-nom'Y-nat, v. t. To give a name or obstructions aperient n. {Med.) medicine
; — A
epithet to, entitle, name, designate, —a. Having a which opens the natural passages of the fluids of
specific name; specified in the concrete as opposed the body; an aperient, [de and obstruent, q. v.]
to abstract. [L. denominare, -atum, fr. de and Deodand, de'o-dand, n. (Eng. Law.) thing which A
nomen, a name.] —
Denom'inable, a. Capable of has caused a person's death, and is therefore given
being, etc. — Denom ina/tion, n. Act of, etc.; that to God, that is, forfeited to the crown, to be applied
by which anything is styled; a name, esp. a general to pious uses. [L. Deo dandum, to be given to God.]
name indicating a class of like individuals; a class, Deodorize, de-o / aSr-iz, v. t. To deprive of odor, esp.
or collection of individuals, called by the same
— of bad odor from impurities. Deo'dorizer, n. —
name; a sect. Denominational, a. Pert, to, etc. Deontology, de-on-tol'o-jY, n. Science of that which
— Denominative, -tiv, a. Conferring or possessing, is morally obligatory. [Gr. deon, deontos, necessary,
etc.: derived from a substantive or adjective. n. —
p. n. of dei, it is necessary, and logos, discourse.] —
(Gram.) A verb formed from a noun either sub- Deontol'ogist, n. One versed in, etc.
stantive or adjective. —
Denom'ina tor, -ter, n. One Deoxidate, -ydate, de-oks'Y-dat, v. t. (Chem.) To de?
who, or that which, gives a name. (Arith.) The prive of oxygen, or reduce from the state of an ox-
number below the line in vulgar fractions, snowing ide, [de and oxidate.] Deox ida'tion, n. Act or —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ;
DEPART
process of, etc. — Deoxidize, -dlz, v. t.
(-dlzd), -DiziNO.] To deoxidate.
Depart, de-part', v. t. To go forth
or away; to quit,
leave, or separate from a place or person; to quit
this world, decease, die. v. t. To leave, quit, re-
tire from. [OF. devarttr, fr. de and partir, to part,
L. partiri, to divide, fr. pars, a part.] —
Depart'-
ment, n. A part or portion; a distinct course of life,
action, study, etc.; subdivision of business; esp. one
of the principal divisions of executive government;
territo.ial division; esp. one for governmental pur-
poses; a military subdivision of a country; sphere;
province: distriet. —
Departmenfal, a. Pert, to, etc.
— Departure. -piir'chur, n. Act of departing; death
abandonment, as of a rule of duty, action, plan, etc.
(Navigation & Sum.) Distance east or west from
the meridian from which a ship or course departs.
Depend, de-pend', v. i. To hang; to be sustained by
something above; to be in suspense, remain unde-
termined; to rely for support, stand related to any-
thing, as to a cause or condition to trust, confide,
; pausare, to pause, later, to place, ir. ponere, position,
rely; to be in a condition of service. [OF. dependre,
1/. dejiendere, f r. de and pendere, to hang.] De-
pendent, -ant, a. Hanging down: relying on, or
subject to something else for support; conditional;
subordinate. — n. One who, or that which, etc.; one
sustained by, or relying on, another; a retainer; a
corollary; consequence. [L. p. pr. tlependens, -entis;
F. p. pr. dependant.] —
Depend'ence, -ens, n. Act or
state of, etc.; mutual connection and support; con-
catenation; inter-relation; subjection to the direction
of another; inability to provide for one's self; reli-
ance; trust; thing dependent. —
Depend'ency, -sT, n.
State of being, etc.; thing hanging; that attached to
something else as its consequence, subordinate, sat-
ellite, etc.; a territory remote trom the state to which
it belongs, but subject to its dominion; a colony.—
Depend'ently. ctdr. — Depend'er, n.
Dephlegmato, de-fleg'mat, v. t. To deprive of super-
abundant water, as bv evaporation or distillation;
to rectify. [NL. dephlrgmare, -matum, fr de and L.
phlegma', phlegm.] —
Dephlegma'tion, n. Operation
of separating water from spirits and acids by evap-
oration or distillation; concentration.
Dephlogisticate, def-lo-jislY-kat. v. t. (O. Chem.) To
deprive of phlogiston, ©r the supposed principle of
inflammability, [de and phlogisticate.] —
Dephlogis-
ticafpd air. Oxygen gas, —
so called by Priestley.
Depict, de-pikt', v. t. To forma painting or picture
of, portray: to represent in words, describe. [L. de
and pingere, pictum, to paint, whence, )>ictura, pic-
ture.] — Depicture, -pik/chur, v t. [-TURED(-ehurd),
-Turing.) To make a picture or painting of.
Depilatory, de-pi Ka-to-rT, a. Having power to remove
the hair and make bald. [ L. depilare, to strip of
hair, fr. de and pilus, hair.]
feplete, de-plef, v. t (Med.) To empty, as the ves-
sels of the human system, by venesection; to ex-
haust the strength, vital powers, or resources of. [L.
deplere, depletur" to empty out, fr. de and plere, to
fill.]-Deple'tion. Act of, etc. (Med.) Venesec-
tion: blood-letting. - Deple'tory, -to-rT, a. Calcu-
lated to deplete.
Deplore, de-plor', i; t. [-PLOitED(-plord'), -plorino.]
To feel or express deep grief for; to weep, convey as
tokens of grief, mourn, lament, bewail, bemoan.
[I,, de and plorare, to cry out, wail, lament.] De-
plor'er, n. —
Deplor'able, a. Pitiable; sad: calami-
tous; wretched.— Deplor'ableness,n.—-Deplor'ably,
atlr. Lamentably; miserably.
Deploy, de-ploi', v. t. [-ployed (-ploid'), -ploying.]
(jfil.) —
To open, extend, display. 1>. i. To open,
extend in line. [Same as display ; F. ddploi/er, to un-
roll, OF. desplouer, to unfold, fr. des (Li. dis) and
plover (L. plicdre), to fold.] —
Dep'loita'tion, n.
Same as Exploitation. [F.J
Deplume, de-plum', v. t. [-plumed (-pltlmd'), -plum-
ing.] To deprive of plumes or plumage, lay hare,
expose. [L. de and plumare, to cover with feathers,
fr.phima, feather; deplumis, featherless.] Dep'lu- — Depress, de-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press-
ma'tion, n. The stripping or falling off of feathers.
(Med.) A disease of the eyelids, attended with loss
of the eyelashes.
Depolarize, de-po'lar-Tz, v t. (Opt.) To deprive of
polarity, [de and polarize.]
Depone, de-pon', v. t. [-poned (-pondO.-poNiNG.] To
assert under oath, make deposition of, depose. — p
t. To testify under oath, make an assertion, give tes-
timony. [L. de and ponere, to put.] —
Depo'nent, a.
(Oram.) Having a passive form with an active
meaning, —said of certain verbs. — n. (Law.) One
&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
— —
142 DEPHESS
[-dized who gives a deposition under oath. (Oram.) A de-
ponent verb. [L. deponens, laving down, p. pr.]
Depopulate, de-pop'u-lat, r. t. To deprive of inhabi-
tants, dispeople, —v. i. To become dispeopled. [L.
de and populare, -atum, to lay waste, deprive of peo-
ple, f r. populus, a people.] —
Depop'ula'tion, n. Act
of, or state of being, etc. —
Depop'ula'tor, -t6r, n.
Deport, de-pSrt'. r. t. To
transport, carry away, ex-
ile; to demean, conduct, behave. [OF. deporter, to
bear, endure, L. deportare, to carry down, remove,
fr. de and portfire, -atum, to carry.] —
Deporta'tion,
n. Act of or state of being, etc.; banishment; trans-
portation. — Deport'ment, n. Manner of deporting
one's self, esp. with respect to the courtesies and du-
ties of life; demeanor: conduct.
Depose, de-p5z', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.] To
reduce from a throne or high station, degrade, di-
vest of office; to bear written testimony to, aver
upon oath. — v. i. To bear witness, testify by depo-
sition. [OF. deposer, fr. de and poser, to place; L.
to place. J— Depos'able, a. Capable of being de-
— posed. — Depos'al, n. Act of divesting of office.
Depos'er, n. One who, etc.— Deposit, -p5z-, v.t. To
lay down, place, put; to lay away for safe keeping,
store; to commit to the custody of another: esp. to
place in a bank, as money, to be drawn at will. n. —
That which is deposed, or laid down, esp. matter
precipitated from solution in liquid; that intrusted
to the care of another, esp. money left with a banker,
subject to order. [F. depositer, L. deponere.] In —
deposit, or on deposit. In trust or safe keeping as a
deposit; in a state of pledge. —
Depositary, -T-ta-rT,
n. One with whom anything is left in trust; a
trustee; guardian. (Law.) One to whom goods are
bailed, to be kept for the bailor without recompense.
— Deposition, -zish'un, ». Act of deposing or de-
positing; precipitation; act ©f setting aside a public
officer; displacement; removal; thing deposited; sed-
iment. (Laio.) Testimony taken down in writing,
under oath or affirmation; affidavit. —Depositor,
-Y-tSr, n. One who makes a deposit. Depository, —
•Y-to-rT, n. Place where anything is deposited for
sale or keeping. —
Depot, de-po' or de'po, n. A
place of deposit: warehouse: storehouse. (Mil.) A
station where stores are kept, or recruits assembled
and drilled; the headquarters of a regiment. A rail-
road station. [Same as deposit ; F. dipot, fr OF. de-
post, pledge, gage, L. depositum, thing laid down.]
Deprave, de-prav', v. t. [-praved (-pravd'), -PRA«
vino.] To make bad or worse, corrupt, contaminate,
pollute. [OF. depraver, L. depravare, -ratttm, fr. de
and pravus, crooked, depraved.] — Dep'rava'tion, n.
Act of or state of being, etc.; corruption; profligacy.
— Depravity, -prttv'T-tY, n. The state of being cor-
rupted; extreme wickedness.
Deprecate, dep're-kat, v. /. To seek to avert by
prayer, pray for deliverance from, regret deeply.
[L. deprecari, -catum, fr. de and precari, to pray, fr.
prex, a prayer.] — Depreca'tion, n. Art of depreca-
ting; prayer that evil may be removed: entreaty for
pardon. — Dep'reca'tive, -tiv, a. Having the form
of a prayer; deprecatory. —
Dep'reca'tor, -ter, n. —
Dep'recatory, -rT, a. Serving to deprecate; tending
to avert evil by
prayer.
Depreciate, de-pre'sht-at, v. t. To lessen in price; to
— represent as of little value, disparage, traduce, de-
tract, underrate —
v. i. To fall in value, become of
less worth, sink in estimation. [L. de and pretiare,
-atum, to prize, fr.pretiwn, price.] —
Depre'cia lion,
». Act or state of, etc.: reduction of worth. De- —
pre'eia'tive, -tiv, a. Inclined to underrate: tending
to depreciate. —
Depre'cia'tor, -ter, n. Deprecia- —
tory. -to-rT, a. Tending to depreciate.
Depredate, dep're-dat, v. t. To subject to plunder
and pillage; to despoil, lay waste; to destroy by eat-
ing, devour. [L. de and ' prsedan, -datum, to plun-
der, fr prseda, plunder, prey.] —
Depreda'tion. n.
Act of or state of being, etc. —
Dep'reda'tor, -t?r, n.
ing.] To press down, cause to sink, let fall: to bring
down or humble; to cast a gloom upon; to embar-
rass, as trade, commerce, etc.; to lessen the price of,
cheapen. [L. deprimere, depressum, fr de and pre-
mere, to press.] To depress the pole. (Naut.) To
cause it to appear lower or nearer the horizon, as by
sailing toward the equator.— Depression, -presh'un,
n. Act of or state of being, etc.; a falling in of the
surface; a cavity or hollow; humiliation; dejection,
despondency; embarrassment or hindrance, as of
I
trade, etc. (Astren.) Angular distance of a celes-
; end, eve, term , In, Ice , Odd, tone, 6r
 DEPRIVE
tialobject below the horizon. (Alg.) Operation of
reducing to a lower degree, said of equations.
(Surg.) A method of operating for cataract: couch-
ing.— Depressive, -iv, a. Able, or tending to de-
143 DESERT
L. de retro, F. den-iere, behind, fr. L. retro, back-
— ward, behind.] —
Dernier i-essort. Last resort. [F.l
Derogate, der'o-gat, v. t. To annul in part, repeal
partly, restrict to detract from, disparage, depreci-
;

press. — Depress'or. -5r, n. ate. —

v. i. To take away, detract. — a. Diminished
Deprive, de-prlv', v. t. [-prived (-prlvd'), -priving.] in value; damaged. [L. derogare, -gatum, fr. de and
To take away, remove; to dispossess, divest, divest rogare, to ask.] — Deroga'tion, n. Act of, etc. (Stock
of office, depose, dispossess of digmtv, esp. ecclesi- Exchange.) An alteration or lessening of a contract
astical; to strip, bereave, rob, despoil. [L. de and to sell stocks. — Derog'atory, -to-rl, a. Tending to,
private, to bereave, deprive, fr. privus, one's own, etc.: injurious.— Derog'atorily, adv.
private.] —
Depriv'er, n. —
Depriv'able, «.— Dep'ri- Derrick, der'rik, n. A mast supported at the top
va'tion, n. Act of or state of being, etc. (Eccl. Law.) by stays or guys, with tackle for raising - '

The taking away from a clergyman his benefice or weights. [Name of a London
dignity. hangman, hence of a gallows.] —
Depth. See underDEEP. Derrick crane. A
crane, the
Depurate, dep'u-rat, v. t. To free from impurities, boom or derrick of which can be
heterogeneous matter, or feculence; to purify. [LL. brought to different angles with Zyf
de/iurare, -atum, fr. L. de and purare, to purify, fr. the upright.
purus, pure.l— Depura'tion, n. Derringer, der'rin-jer, n. short- A
Depute, de-put', v. t. To appoint as substitute or barreled, large-bored pistol. [In-
agent: to delegate. [OF. deputer, to depute, fr. L. ventor's name.]
cleputare, -tatum, to cut off, prune, also impute, Dervis, -vise, der'vis, Der'vish, n.
later, to select, fr. do and putare, to cleanse, prune, A Turkish or Persian monk esp., ;

arrange, think.] —
Dep'uta'tion, n. Act of, etc.; one who professrs poverty and
person or persons deputed bv another partv to act leads an austere life. [Per. dar-
on his behalf.— Dep'utize, -tfz, v. t. To depute. — vish, poor.l
Dep'uty, -tT, n. One appointed as the substitute of Descant, dei'kant, h. A variation Derrick Cran ;.
another, and empowered to act for him: lieutenant; of an air a discourse formed on its theme, like va-
;

delegate: envoy; agent; vicar. [OF. depute.] riations on a musical air; a comment. (Mus.) The
Deracinate, de-ras'T-nat, v. t. To pluck up by the highest part in a score soprano a composition in
; ;

roots, extirpate. [F. de'raciner, fr. ratine, L. radix, parts: art of composing in parts. Descant', v. i. —
radio'!', root.] To sing a variation or accompaniment: to comment,
Derange, de-rani', t>. t. [-ranged (-ranjd'), -ran- discourse with particularity. [OF. descant, des-
ging.] To put out of place, order, or rank, throw chant, fr. des (L. dis) and cant, chant (L. cuntus),
into confusion or disorder, disturb in the action or song, L. cantare, to sing.] Descant'er, n. —
function, render insane to displace, unsettle, dis- ; Descend, de-send', v. i. To pass to a lower place to ;

concert. [F. de'ranger, fr. de and ranger, to range, come or go down in any way, etc. to plunge, fall ; ;

fr. rang, row, rank.] —

Derange'ment, n. Act of, or to make an attack, as if from a vantage-ground to ;

state of being, etc.; disorder esp. mental disorder ; ; lower one's self, condescend; to pass from the more
insanity; lunacy; mania. general or important to the particular or more trivial;
Derelict/de'r'e-likt, n. Forsaken by the natural own- to be derived, proceed by generation or by transmis-
er or guardian abandoned abandoning responsi-
; ; sion. (Astron.) To move to the southward. (Mus.)
bility unfaithful.
; n. —
(Law.) A thing volunta- To fall in tone, pass from a higher to a lower tone.
rily abandoned by its proper owner a tract of land ; — v. t. To go down upon or along to pass from ;

left drv by the sea, and fit for use. [L. derelictus, the top to the bottom of. [OF. descendre, L. de-
p. p. of derelinqvere, to forsake wholly, fr. de and scendere, -censum, fr. de and scandere, to climb.] —
relmquere, to leave.] —
Derelic'tion, n. Act of leav- Descend'ant, n. One who descends, as offspring,
ing with an intention not to reclaim state of being, ; however remotely. [OF., p. pr. of descendre.] De- —
etc.; unfaithfulness. {Law.) The gaining of land scendant, a. Descending; proceeding from an an-
from the sea. cestor or source. [L. descendens, -entts, p. pr. of de-
Deride, de-rid', v. t. To laugh at with contempt, turn scendere. ]
—
Descend'er, n. Descendible, a. Ad- —
to ridicule, mock, taunt. [L. deridere, •risum, fr. de mitting descent; capable of being transmitted by in-
and ridere, to laugh.l Derid'er, n. —
Derid'ingly, — heritance.— Descendibility, n.— Descen'sion, -sen'.
adv. —Deria'ion, -rizh'un, n. Act of, or state of be- shun, n. Act of going downward descent degra- ; ;

ing, etc. an object of contempt laughing-stock

; dation. —Descen'sional, a. Pert, to, etc. Descen'- —
—
: ;

scorn mockery insult.

; Deri'sive, -siv, a. Ex-
; sive. -siv, a. Descending: tending downward; hav-
pressing, or characterized by, derision. Deri'sive- — ing power to descend. —
Descent', n. Act of, etc.
ly, adv. —
Deri'sory, -so-rT, a. Mocking derisive. ; incursion ; sudden attack progress downward, as;

Derive, de-rfv', v. t. [-rived (-rivd'), -riving.] To in station, virtue, etc., from the more to the less im-
receive, as from a source, obtain by transmission ; portant, from the better to the worse, from a higher
to trace the origin, descent, or derivation of, recog- to a lower tone, etc. derivation as from an ances-
;

nize transmission of, deduce, infer, draw. v. t". To — tor lineage ; birth
; extraction; transmission by ;

flow, proceed.be deduced. [OF. deriver, fr. L. de- succession or inheritance: sloping surface ; decliv-
rivare, -latum, to drain, draw off water, fr. de and ity: thing derived; descendants issue ; a step in the
—
;

rivus, a stream.] Deriv'er, n. —Deriv'able, a. Ca- process of derivation a generation.

pable of being, etc. transmissible ; inferrible.
;
— ;

Describe, de-skrlb', v. t. [-scribed (-skribd'), -scri-

Deriva'tion. a. Act of procuring an effect from a bing.] To form or represent by lines, real or imagi-
cause, means, or condition, as profits from capital, nary to sketch in writing, give an account of, rep-
;

truth from testimony, conclusions or opinions from resent, recount, explain, depict to have or use the ;

evidence act of tracing origin, as in grammar or

; power of describing. [L. describere, fr. de and scri-
genealogy state or method of being derived; thing
: bere, scriptum, to write. See Scribe.] Describ'er, —
derived: derivative: deduction. (Math.) Operation n.— Describ'able, a.— Descrip'tion, -skrlp'shun, n.
of deducing one function from another according to Act of describing sketch of anything in words ;
;

some fixed law. (Med.) drawing of humors fromA class to which a representation applies ; qualities
one part of the body to another.— Derivative, -rf v'- distinguishing such a class. —
Descrip'tive. -tiv, a.
a-tiv, a. Obtained by derivation secondary. —n. Any- Tending to, or having the quality of, etc. ; contain-
thing obtained, or deduced, from another. ( Gram.) ing description. —
Descrip'tiveiy, aelv. Deacry, —
A word formed from another word. (Mus.) A de-skri', v. t. [-scried (-skrid'), -scrying.] To dis-
chord, not fundamental, but obtained from another cover by the eye, as distant objects, faintly seen,
by inversion. (Med.) That adapted to produce a espy, detect, discern. [Same as describe; OF. de-
derivation. (Math.) A function expressing the re- scrire, for descrivre, L. describere.] Descri'er, n. —
lation between two consecutive states of a varying Desecrate, des'e-krat, v. t. To divest ©f a sacred
function. —
Derivatively, adv. character: to treat sacrilegiously. [L. desecrare, -cra-
Derm, derm, 7?. The natural covering of an animal; tum, f r. de and sacrare, to declare sacred, fr. sacer,
skin. [Gr. derma, dermatos, fr. derein, to skin, flay; sacred.] —Desecra'tion, n. Act of, etc.
8. rt. tear.]— Derm'' al, a. Pert, to, etc. Dermal"' — Desert, de-zert', n. A
reward. See under Deserve.
gia, -jT-a, n. (Med.) Neuralgia of the skin. [Gr. Desert, de-ze"rt', v, t. To part from, end connection
algos, pain.] —
Dermatol 'ogy, -o-iT, n. Science of with. (Mil.) To leave without permission, forsake
the structure of the skin, and its diseases. [Gr. log- in violation of duty. v. i. —
To quit a service with-
on, discourse.] out permission, run away. —
Dea'ert, a. Forsaken;
Dernier. der'nY-er, a. Last; final ; ultimate, [F., fr. without life or cultivation; waste; barren; desolate.
sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. boNbos, chair, get.
 — ; ;

DESERVE 144 DESTITUTE

— n. A deserted or forsaken tract of land; a wilder- ly, alone.]— Des'olately,ac?v.— Des'olater,
fr. solus,
Bess; solitude. [OF., waste, deserted, also a wilder- n. —Desola'tion, re. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
ness, L. desertus, p. p. of deserere, to abandon, fr. de a desolate place or country ruin havoc devasta- : ; ;

and severe, to bind, join.]— Desert'er, n. One who tion; ravage; destitution; gloom.
forsakes his duty, post, party, or friend ; esp. a sol- Despair, de-spar', v. i. [-spaired (-spard'), -spair-
dier or seaman who quits the service without leave. ing.] To be without hope; to give up all expecta-
— Deser'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. tion, despond. [OF. desperer, L. desperare, fr. ae and
Deserve, de-zSrv', v. t. [-served (-zervd'), -serving.] sperare, to hope.] n. Loss of hope; that which is —
To earn by service, merit, be entitled to. v. i. To —
despaired of. — Despair 'er, n. Despairingly, adv. —
be worthy of recompense. [OF. deservir, L. rfe- —
Des'pera'do, -per-a'do, re. desperate fellow; A
servire, fr. de and servire, to serve, servns, a servant.] one urged by furious passions; madman. [OSp., p.
— Deserv'er, n. —
Desert', n. Thing deserved ; re- p. of desperar.] Des'perate, -at, a. Beyond nope; —
ward or punishment merited ; worth ; due. [OF. despaired of; past cure; proceeding from despair;
deserte, p.p. of deservir.]— Deserv'edly, adv. Justly. without regard to danger or safety rash head- ; ;

— Deserv'ingly, adv. In a deserving manner. long frantic. Des'perately, adv.

; Des'perate- — —
Deshabille, des-a-bil', n. An undress careless toilet. ; ness, n. —
Despera'tion, n. Act of despairing; state
f F., fr. de'shabiller, to undress, fr. des and habiller, of despair or hopelessness.
to dress.] Despatch. See Dispatch.
Desiccate, des'ik-kat or de-sik'kat, v. t. To exhaust Despise, de-spiz', v. t. [-spised (-splzd'), -spising.j
of moisture; to dry. [L. desiccare, -catum, fr. de and To look upon with contempt, have a low opinion
siccare, to dry, fr. siccus, dry.) —v. i. To become of, contemn, disdain, slight, undervalue. [OF. de-
dry. — Desic'cant, a. Drying, —
n. {Med.) An ap- spiz, p. p. of despve, L. despicere, fr. de and specerty
plication that dries a sore. —
Desicca'tion, n. Act of, to look.] Despis'er, n. —
Des'picable, a. Fit to —
or state of being, etc. — Desic'cative, -tiv, a. Dry- be despised mean pitiful paltry ; sordid base;
ing; tending to dry. — n. An application tending to degrading. Des'picableness, n. —
;

Des'picably,
; ;

— ;

dry up secretions. -blT, adv. —

Despite', -spit', n. Extreme malice;
Desiderate, Desideratum, etc. See under Desire. angry hatred an act prompted by hatred, prep-
; —
Design. de-sTn' or -zin', v. t. [-signed (-sind' or In spite of notwithstanding. [OF. despit, ; de- C
-zlnd'), -signing.] To draw the preliminary out- speclus, contempt, p. p. of despicere.]— Despite'ful,
line of, sketch for a model; to mark out and exhibit, -fill, n. Full of despite; malignant.— Despite'fully,
appoint, designate ; to form a plan of, contrive to adv. Despite'fulness, n.
; —
intend or purpose, —v. i. To nave a purpose, in- Despoil, de-spoil', v. t. [-spoiled (-spoild'X -spoii*
tend.— re. A preliminary sketch; plan preliminary ; ing.] To strip or divest, as of clothing to rob, be- ;

conception scheme contrivance adaptation of reave, rifle. [OF. despoiller, L. despoliare, -atum,
; ;

means to a preconceived end object for which one

;
;

f r. de and spoliare, to rob, spolium, spoil, booty.) —

plans; aim; intent; decorative figures, as of a medal, Despoil 'er. w. DespoTia'tion, n. Act of, or state —
embroidery, etc. [OF. designer,,L. designare, -natum, of being, etc.
fr. de and signare, to mark, signum, a mark, sign.] Despond, de-spond', v. i. To give up, abandon hope,
— Design'er, n. — Designedly, -IT, adv. By design; become dispirited or depressed. [L. despondere, to
intentionally. — Design'able, a. Capable of being promise away, to lose courage, f r. de and spondere,
—
marked out. Designate, des'ig-niit, v. t. To mark to promise solemnly.] Despond'ence, -ency, -en- —
out and make known, indicate, call by a distinctive sT, n. State of desponding discouragement de- ; ;

title, denominate, style; to point out by distinguish- jection. —

Despond'ent, a. Marked by, or given to,
ing from others; to set apart for a purpose or duty. etc. —
Despond 'ently, -ingly, adv. Despond'er, n. —
— Designation, re. Act of, etc. indication selection Despot, des'pot, n. One who possesses absolute power
; ;

and appointment for a purpose: that which desig-
nates; appellation; use or application; signification.
— Des'ignative, -tiv, a. Serving to indicate.
ignator, -ter, n.
Desipient, de-sip'Y-ent, a. Trifling foolish ; sport-
ive. [L. desipiens, p. pr. of desipere, to be foolish,
fr. de and sapere, to be wise.]
Desire, de-zTr', v. t. [-sired (-zird'_), -siring.] To
long for the enjoyment or possession of, wish for,
express a wish for, entreat, request. re. Natural—
over another; esp. a sovereign invested with abso-
lute power; one who rules regardless of a constitu-
Des'- —
tion or laws; a tyrant. [OF. despote, LL. despotus,
Gr. despotes; s. rt. Gr. posis, husband, Skr. pati,
; lord, L. potens, powerful.] Despot'ic, -ical, a. —
Having the character of, or pert, to, a despot; ab«
solute in power; tyrannical; arbitrary. Despot'* —
ically, adv. Des'potism, -izm, n. The power, —
spirit, or principles of, etc.; tyranny; agovernment
directed by, etc. absolutism autocracy. : ;

eagerness to obtain any good expressed wish peti- Despumate, des'pu-mator de-spu'mat, v. i. To throw
; ;

tion object of longing inclination. [OF. desirer,

; ; off impurities, form scum, foam. [L. despumare,
L. desiderare, -atum, to long for, fr. sidus, sideris, a -atum, fr. de and spumare, to foam, fr. spuma, froth,
star. See Consider.] — Desir'er, re. Desir'ous, —
scum.] —
Des'puma'tion, n. Separation of the scum
-us, a. Feeling desire; covetous; eager. Desir'- —
on the surface of liquor; clarification.
ously, adv. — Desir'ousness, n. —
Desir'able, a. Desquamation, des'kwa-ma'shun, n. (Med.) Separa-
Worthy of, etc. fitted to excite a wish to possess.— tion of the cuticle or epidermis in flakes or scalesi
Desir'ably, -blY, adv.
;

—Desir'ableness, re. Desid'- —

exfoliation. [L. desquamare, -attim, to scale off, fr.
erate, -sid'er-at, v. t. To be sensible of the lack of; de and squama, scale.]
to want, miss, desire. — Desid'erative, -tiv, a. Ex- Dessert, dez-zert', n. service of pastry, fruits, etc., A
pressing or denoting desire. n. An object of de- after an entertainment. [F., fr. desservir, to clear
sire ; desideratum. (Gram.) A
verb formed from the table, f r. de and servir, to serve at table.] De8« —
sert'-spoon, n. A spoon intermediate in size be-
another by ehange of termination, and expressing
desire of doing what is indicated by the primitive
verb. — Desid'era'tum, re. ; pi. -ta, -ta. That of
tween a tea-spoon and table-spoon.
pi. -spoonfuls. Contents of, etc.
spoonful, n. —
which the lack is felt ; a want generally acknowl- Destemper, des-tem'pgr, Distem'per, n. (Paint.') A
edged. [L., p. p. of desiderare.] peculiar sort of painting with opaque colors, ground
Desist, de-sist', v. i. To stand aside, cease to proceed and diluted with water, glue, etc. [F. de'trempe, fr.
or act. forbear. [OF. desister, L. desistere, fr. de de and tremper, to dip, soak, for temprer, L. tern-
:md sistere, to put, place, fr. stare, to stand.] De- —
perare, to temper.]
sist 'ance, n. Act or state of desisting. Destine, des'tin, v. t. [-tined (-tind), -tining.] To
Desk, desk, re. A table with a sloping top; frame or determine the future condition or application of,
case; pulpit; the clerical profession. [Same as dish set apart by design; to fix, as by an authoritative
and disk; AS. disc, L. discus, disk, platter.] decree, establish irrevocably, design, mark out, de-
Desman, des'man, re. ; pi. -mans, -manz. An amphib- vote, ordain, allot, bind. [OF. destiner, L. destinare,
ious animal; the musk-rat. -atum, fr. destina, a support, proof s. rt. stand.']— ;

Desmine, des'min, re. (Min.) A mineral that crystal- Destina'tion, n. Act of destining or appointing;
lizes in little silken tufts stilbite. [Gr. desmos, that to which anything is, etc.; predetermined end,
—
;

bundle, ligament, f r. dein, to bind.] Desmol'ogy, object, or use; point aimed at purpose lot; fate; ;

-jY, n. (Physiol.) Science of the ligaments. [Gr. end. —

Des'tiny, -tT-nt, n. That to which one is
;

logos, discourse.] destined; fate; doom; the fixed order of things; the
Desolate, des'o-lat, v. t. To deprive of inhabitants, power conceived of as determining the future.—
make desert; to lay waste, ruin, ravage, a. Des- —
Des'tinist, n. believer in destiny; fatalist. A
titute of inhabitants; laid waste, in a ruinous con- Destitute, des'tT-tut, a. In want; devoid; deficient;
dition; left alone; without a companion; afflicted. lacking; needy ; indigent. [L. destitvtus, p. p. of
[L. desdktre, -atum, fr. de and solare, to make lone- (/(stituere, to set away, forsake, fr. de and statuere.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare : 6nd. eve, term ; In, Ice ; Odd, tone, or
 DESTROY 145 DEUTEROGAMY
to set.]— Destitu'tion, n. State or condition of be- ing.] To fix the boundaries of, mark off and sepa-
ing, etc.: deprivation; poverty. rate, set bounds to, bring to an end, fix the form or
Destroy, de-stroi', v. t. [-stroyed (-stroid'), -stroy- character of; to bring about, as a cause, an effect; to
ixg.J To pull down, break up the structure and fix the course of, impel, direct, ascertain definitely,
organic existence of; to bring to naught, put an end settle by authoritative sentence, resolve on, bring to
to, esp. to the life, prosperity, or beauty of; to de- a conclusion or resolve. (Logic.) To define or limit
molish., ruin, extirpate, annihilate, kill. [OF. de- by adding a differentia. (Physical Sc.) To ascer-
struire, to destroy, L. destruere, -structum, to pull tain the Quantity of. —
v. i. To come to a decision,
—
down, fr. de and struere, to build.] Destroy'er, n. resolve, limit, settle, shape, decide. [OF. deter-
— Destructible, a. Liable to, or capable of being, miner, L. determinate, -atum, fr. de and terminare,
—
etc. — Destruc'tibil'ity, -T-tT, n. — Destruction, n. to bound, terminus, boundary.] —
Deter'miner, n.
Act Of or state of being, etc.: destroying agency;
,
Deter'minable, a. —
Deter'minant, n. That which
cause of ruin. — Destruc'tionist, n. One who de- serves to determine. (Math.) The sum of a series
lights in destroying that which is valuable. {Theol.) of products of several numbers, formed according to
One who believes in the final destruction of the specified laws. — Deter'minate, -nat, a. Having
wicked. —
Destructive, -tiv, a. Causing destruc- defined limits: fixed: established; conclusive; posi-
tion; tending to bring about ruin, death, or devas- tive. —
Deter'minately, adv. —
Deter'mina'tion, n.
tation mortal
; deadly ruinous mischievous.
; ; ;
— Act of determining, or state of being determined,
h. One who destroys a radical reformer; destruc- tendency to a certain end; a judicial decision, or
—
;

tionist. —
Destruc'tively, adv. Destruc'tiveness, ending of controversy thing determined upon
; ;

n. Quality of destroying. (Phren.) The faculty
which impels See Phrenology.
to, etc.
Desudation, des'u-da'shun, n. {Med.) copious
sweating; profuse or morbid perspiration. [L. des-
udatio, fr. de and sudare, to sweat.]
Desuetude, des'we-tud. n. Cessation of use; discon-
tinuance of practice, custom, etc.: disuse. [L.desue-
tudo, fr. de and suescere. to become accustomed.]
Desulphurate, de-sul'fu-rat, r. t. To deprive of sul-
phur.
Desultory, des'ul-to-rT. a. Leaping from one subject
to another, without rational connection; without
logical sequence disconnected rambling
; discur-
; ;
sive; loose. [L. desultorius, fr. desultor, aleaper.fr.
desUire, desuttum, fr. de and sahre, to leap.] Des'-
ultorily, -rY-lt, adv. —
Des'ulto'riness, n.
Detach, de-tach', v. t. [-tached (-tachf), -tach-
ing.] To part, separate, disunite; to separate for a
special object, —used esp. in military language. [F.
detacher, to unfasten: s. rt. tack. See Attach.]
Detach'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
thing detached, esp. a body of troops or part of a
fleet detailed for special service.
Detail, de-tal', v. t. [-tailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To
relate in particulars, particularize. (Mil.) To ap-
point for a particular service. —
Detail, de'tal or
de-tal', n. A
minute portion; a particular, used
Chiefly in the plural; a narrative of minute points.
(Mil.) The selection for a particular service of a
person or company; person or company so selected.
[OF., a small piece, fr. detailler, to cut into parcels,
Jr. rfeand tattler, to cut; s. rt. tailor.] Detail'er, n.
Detain, de-tan', v. t. [-TAiNED(-tand'), -taining.1 To
keep back or from, restrain from proceeding, hold
resoluteness; decision of mind. (Chem.) The as-
certaining the amount of any ingredient in a sub-
A stance. (Logic.) Act of limiting a concept or no-
tion bv giving its essential constituents; addition
of a differentia to a concept or notion, dividing
itsextent. (Nat. Hist.) The referring of minerals,
plants, etc., to their species. —
Deter'minative, -tiv,
a. Having power to determine; conclusive.
Deterrent. See under Deter.
Detersion, Detersive, etc. See under Deterge.
Detest, de-test', v. t. To hate extremely, abhor, abom-
inate, loathe. [OF. detester, to loathe, L. detestari,
-tatus, to imprecate evil by calling the gods to wit-
ness, fr. de and testan, to testify, fr. testis, a wit-
— ness.]— Detest'able. a. Worthy of, etc.; abomin-
able; execrable; abhorred. —
Detest'ably, adv.—
Detestation, det'es- or de'tes-ta'shun, n. Act of,
etc.; hatred; loathing. — Detest'er, n.
Dethrone, de-thron', v. t. [-throned (-thrond'),
— -throning.] To remove or drive from a throne, de-
; pose. [OF. desthroner, fr. des (L. dis) and throne,
throne, LL. thronus, episcopal seat, Gr. thronos, seat.]
— Dethrone'ment, n. Deposition.— Dethron'er, n.
Detinue. See under Detain.
Detonate, det'o-nat, v. i. (Chem.) To explode with
a sudden report. —r. t. To cause to explode. [L.
— detonare, -atum, to thunder down or away, f r. de and
tonare, to thunder; s. rt. stun, thunder.] Detona'- —
tion, n. Explosion by inflammation of combustible
bodies. —
Det'onize, -nlz, v. t. [-nized (-nizd), -niz-
ing.] To cause to explode, burn with an explosion,
— calcine with detonation. v. i.—To detonate.
Detort, de-t&rt', v. t. To turn from the original or
plain meaning, pervert, wrest. [L. detorquere, -tor-
—
i

in custody, arrest, check, delay, hinder. [OF. de- turn, fr. de and torquere, to twist.] Detor'tion,
tenir, L. detinere, -tentum, fr. de and tenere, to hold.] -sion, -shum n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
— Detain'er, n. One who detains. (Law.) Deten- De'tour, da-toor', n. A turning; circuitous route
tion of what is another's, even when the original deviation from the straight or usual path. [F., fr.
taking was lawful. (Eng. Law.) writ authoriz-A de'tourner, to turn aside, fr. di and tourner, to turn.]
ing a prison-keeper to keep a person in custody. — Detract, de-trakt', v.t. To take away, take credit or
Detain'ment, n. Act of detaining. Detain' der, n. — |

reputation from, decry, depreciate, vilify, slander,

(Law.) A writ. —
Det'inue, -T-nu, n. person or A traduce. —
v. i. To remove a part, take away repu-
thing detained. [OF.] —
Detent', n. (Mech.) That tation, depreciate worth. [L. detrahere, -tractum, fr.
which locks or unlocks a movement, as wheelwork de and trahere, to draw.] —
Detrac'tion, n. Act of,
in a clock. [OF. detente.] —
Deten'tion, n. Act of, etc.; calumny; aspersion; censure. —
Detract'or, -er,
or state of being, etc.; restraint; delay. [OF.] n.— Detractor ess, n. A female detractor.— Detract'-
Detect, de-tekt', v. t. To uncover, find out, bring to ory, -o-rt, a. Defamatory; derogatory.
light, discover, expose. [L. detegere, -tectum, fr. de Detriment, det'rt-ment, n. That which causes dam-
—
and tegere, to cover.] Detect'er, -or, -er, n. De- — age; diminution; injury; prejudice; mischief; harm.
tection, n. Act of, etc. discovery. : Detect'ive, — [OF.; L. detrimentwn, loss, lit. a rubbing awav.fr.
-iv, a. Fitted for, skilled, or employed in, etc. n. — deterere, -tritum, fr. de and terere, to rub.] Detri- —
A policeman whose business is to detect rogues. ment'aL, a. Causing detriment pernicious. —De-
Deter, de-ter', v. t. [-tekeed (-terd'), -terring.] To trition, -trish'un, n. A wearing off or away.
;

De- —
prevent by fear; to hinder or prevent by opposing tri'tus, n. ( Geol.) A mass of matter worn from
motives from doing that to which one is impelled. solid bodies by attrition. [L., p. p. of deterere.]
[L. deterrere, fr. de aniterrere, to frighten, terrify.] Detrude, de-trood', v. t. To thrust down, push
. down
— Deter 'ment, n. Act of, etc. that which, etc. ; forcibly. [L. de and trudere, to shove.] Detru'- —
Deter'rent L -ter'rent, a. Tending to, etc. sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.; the slipping of one por-
Deterge, de-terj', v. t. [-terged (-tgrjd'), -terging.] tion of a substance over another.
To cleanse, purge away. [L. detergere, fr. de and Detruncate, de-trun'kat, v. t. To shorten by cutting,
tergere, to rub or wipe off.] —
Deter 'gent, -jent, a. cut off, lop. [L. de and truncare, -catum, to shorten,
Cleansing purging.
; n. —
(Med.) medicine that A fr. truncvs, maimed, cut short.]— Detrunca'tion, n.
cleanses the vessels or skin from offending matter. Deuce, dus, n. (Gaming.) Two; a card or die with 2
— Deter'sion, -shun. n. Act of, etc. Deter'sive, — spots. [F. deux, L. duo.)
-siv, a. Having power to, etc. Deter' sively, adv. — Deuce, dus, n. An evil spirit; demon; the devil. [D.
Deteriorate, de-te'rlf-o-rat, v. i. To make worse. v. — OF., and L. Deus, God, —
a Norman oath.] Deu'- —
i. To grow worse, be impaired in quality, degen- ced. -sed, a. Devilish; extravagant; enormous.
erate. [L. detenorare, -aturn, fr. deterior, worse.] — Deuterogamy, du-ter-og'a-mt, n. A
2d marriage, after
Dete'riora'tion, n. State of growing worse, or of the death of the first husband or wife. [Gr. deuteros,
having grown worse. second, and gamos, marriage.] —
Deuterog'amist, ru
Determine, de-ter'min, v. t. [-mined (-mind), -min- One who, etc. — Deuteron'omy, -o-mT, n. (Bibl.)
sun, cube, full l, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
10
 — — —

DEVASTATE 146 DIACAUSTIC

The 5th book of the Pentateuch, containing the 2d
iving of the law by Moses. [Gr. nomas, law!] Deu-
erop^athy, -thl, n. (Med.) A
sympathetic affection,
s headache from an overloaded stomach. [Gr.
pathos, suffering, f r. pathein, to suffer.] Deuter-
os'eopy, -pi, n. Second sight; meaning beyond the
literal sense; second intention. [Gr. skopia, a look-
ing out.] — Deutox'ide, -id, n. (Chern.) compound
of 2 equivalents of oxygen with 1 of a base.
Devastate, dev'as- or de-vas'tat, v. t. To lay waste,
desolate, demolish, pillage. [L. de and vastare, -ta-
tum, to lay waste, fr. vastus, waste.]— Devastation,
n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Law.) Waste of
the goods of the deceased by an administrator.
Develop, de-vel'up, v. t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To
invention ; a stratagem ; a heraldic motto, usually
— connected witli an emblematic picture; power of de-
vising; invention; genius.
Devoid, de-void', a. Destitute; not in possession. [OF..
— desvoider, to empty out, fr. des and void, L. viduus.]
Devoir, dev-w6r', n. Duty; service owed; due act of
civility; compliment. [F., fr. L. debere, to owe.]
A Devolve, de-volv /', v. t. [-volved (-volvd''), -volving.]
To onward or downward, overthrow; to trans-
roll
fer from one to another, deliver over, hand down.
— v. i. To pass by transmission or succession; to be
handed over or down. [L. de and volvere, to roll.]
— Devolution, n. Act of, etc.
Devote, de-vot', v. t. To appropriate by vow, set
apart by a solemn act to consign over, execrate, ;

free from a cover or envelope, disclose or make doom to evil; to give up wholly, direct the atteotion
known, unfold gradually, exhibit, detect. (Math.) of wholly or chiefly; to attach, addict, dedicate, re-
To change the form of (an algebraic expression) by sign, doom, consign. [L. de and vovere, -votum, to
executing indicated operations without changing vow, promise solemnly.] — Devot'edness, n. State
the value. (Photog.) To render (a picture) visible by of being, etc.; addictedness. Devotee', n. One
subjecting it to chemical action. v. i. —
To go wholly devoted, esp. to religion; one superstitions! y
through a natural evolution, by successive changes given to religious ceremonies; a bigot. Devot'er, —
to a more perfect state; to become visible gradually. n. —
Devotion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; af-
[F. de'velopper, f r. de and s. rt. F. enveloper, E. to fection; esp. feelings toward God appropriate to the
wrap, lap.] —
Development, n. Act of, etc. (Math.) act of worship; religiousness; piety; act of devoted-
Act of expanding an expression into another of ness or devoutness; thing consecrated; an object of
equivalent meaning; the equivalent expression into affection. [OF.] —
Devotional, a. Pert, to, used in,
which another has been developed. Development — or suited to, devotion. Devout, -vowt', a. Ab- —
theory. (Nat. Hist.) Doctrine that all existing forms sorbed in religious feelings; pious; reverent; ex-
of matter and spirit were developed by uniform pressing piety; warmly devoted; earnest prayer-
laws from simpler forms, without creative act. ful; sincere. —
Devout'ly, adv. —Devout'' ness, n.
;

Devest, de-vest', v. t. To divest. (Law.) To alienate, Devour, de-vowr', v. t. [-vouked (-vowrd'), -vour-
as title or right, deprive of. — v. i. To be lost or ing.] To eat up greedily, consume ravenously; to
alienated, as a title or an estate. [Except in the seize on and destroy or appropriate greedily," self-
legal sense, spelled divest, q. v.] ishly, or wantonly; to enjoy with avidity, consume,
Deviate, de'vl-at, v. i. To go out of one's way, turn waste, annihilate. [OF. devorer, L. devorare, fr. de
aside from a course, swerve, digress, deflect, err. and vorare, to consume.] Devour'er, n. —
[L. deviare, -atum, fr. de and via, a way.] Devia'- — Dew, du, n. Moisture from the atmosphere condensed
tion, n. Act of, etc.; state of having deviated; error. by cool bodies upon their surfaces, esp. at night.
— De'vious, -vl-us, a. Out of a straight line; indi- v. t. [dewed (dud), dewing.] To wet with dew,
rect; going out of the right course of conduct; err- bedew. [AS. deaw, D. dauw, Ic. dogg, OHG. tou.\
ing. —De'viously, adv. — Dew'y, -I, a. Covered, or appearing as if covered,
Device. See under Devise. with dew; dew; falling gently.—
pert, to or like
Devil, dev'l, n. The evil one, Satan, represented in Dewiness, n. — Dew'-drop,
n. A drop of dew.
Scripture as the traducer, father of lies, tempter, -lap, n. The
fold of skin, etc., hanging from the
etc.; an evil spirit; false god; an expletive express- throats of oxen, which laps or licks the dew in
ing emphasis. (Manuf.) A
revolving cylinder armed grazing; a fold of skin, etc., on the human throat
with spikes, for tearing, cutting, or opening raw or chin, esp. when flaccid with age. point, n.
A
materials, as cotton, wool, rags, etc. very wicked
person; a dish, broiled with much pepper.— v. t. To
make like a devil; to cut up cloth or rags in, etc.; to
to form. —
(Meteor.) The temperature at which dew begins
ret'ting, n. Process of softening and re-
moving mucilage from the fibrous and cellular por-
grill with pepper. [AS. deoful, deofol, L. diabolus, tions of flax and hemp, by exposing the stalks to
Gr. diabolos, fr. diabaUein, to slander, traduce, fr. dew, rain, eun, and air.
dia, across, and ballein, to throw ] —
Printer's devil. Dexter, deks'ter, a. Pert, to, or on, the right hand;
The youngest apprentice in a printing office, who right, as opp. to left. [L.; Gr. dexios, dexiteros, Skr.
runs errands, sweeps, etc. —
To play the d. with. dakshma, on the right, fr. daksh, to suit, be strong.]
To interfere with, molest, ruin. —
Devilish, dev'l- — Dexterity, -te'r'T-tl, n. Readiness and physical
ish, a. Like, or pert, to, the devil ; wicked in the grace; activity of the mind; quickness and skill in
extreme infernal hellish satanic detestable. managing affairs adroitness tact; aptitude; fac-
— Devilishly, adv. — Deviltry,
; ;

n.
;

Diabol-
-l-trl,
;

ulty. — ;

Dex'terous, -trous, -trus, a. Ready and ex-

;

ism; malicious mischief. — Devllkin, n. A little pert; skillful in contrivance; quick at inventing ex-
devil. — Devirs-darn'mg-nee'dle, n. A dragon-fly, pedients; done with dexterity; apt; handy; versed.
having a long, cylindrical body, resembling a nee- — Dexterously, adv. — Dex terousness, n. — Dex'-
dle.— DeVil-fish, n. A name of several sea-creatures, tral, a. Right, as opp. to left.— Dextrorse, -trorsal,
esp. of a genus of ray found in the Atlantic, and of -trdr'sal, a. Rising from right to left, as a spiral
the cuttle-fish. —
Di'abol'ic, -ical, a. Like, or pert, line or aclimbing plant. [L. dextrorsum, contr. fr.
to, the devil; impious; nefarious; demoniac. Di'- — dextrovorsum, -versum, toward the right side, fr.
abol'ically, adv. —
Diabol'icalness, n. Diablerie, — dexter, right, and p.
— p. of vertere, vortere, to turn.]
dya'bl-re', Diab'lery, dl-ab'ler-I, n. Deviltry; sor- Dextrose, -tros, n. Grape-sugar starch-sugar; ;

cery; mischief. [F. diablerie, fr. diable, devil.]
Devious. See under Deviate.
Devise, de-viz', v. t. [-vised (-vTzd'), -vising.] To
form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, ap-
plications of principles, or arrangement of parts; to
sugar obtained from starch and dried fruits,— which
causes a right-hand rotation in polarized light.
Dey, da, n. The European title for the governor ot
Algeria, before its conquest by the French. [Turk.
ddi, orig. a maternal uncle in Algiers, the com- ;

strike out by thought; to plan for, purpose to ob- mander of the Janizaries, who frequently became
tain. (Law.) To give by will, —
used of real estate; pasha of that province.]
to bequeath. —
v. i. To form a scheme, lay a plan, Dhow, Dow, dow, n. A
coasting vessel of Arabia, East
contrive.— n. Act of disposing of real estate by will; Africa, etc. [Ar.]
a will or testament, properly of real estate; property Diabetes, di-a-belez, n. sing.& pi. (Med.) A disease
given by will. [OF. deviser, to regulate, bequeath, attended with a persistent, excessive discharge of
talk, It. divisare, to divide, describe, think, L. divi- urine. [Gr. diabainein, to stand with the legs apart,
dere, -visum, to divide; OF. devise, a division, proj- fr. dia, apart, and bainein, to go.] Diabet'ic, -ical, —
ect, emblem, It. divisa, division, share, choice, LL. a. Pert, to, or afflicted with, etc.
divisa, portion of land, decision, mark, device.] — Diablerie, Diabolic, etc. See under Devil.
Devis'able, a. Capable of being devised, invented, Diacaustic, di-a-kawslik, a. Pert, to a species of
contrived, or bequeathed.— Devisee, -ze', n. (Law.) caustic curves formed by refraction. ??. (Med.) —
One to whom a devise is made or real estate be- That which is caustic by refraction, as the 6un's
queathed. —
Devis'er, n. One who devises; an in- rays concentrated by a convex lens,— used as a cau-
ventor. — Devis'or, -6r, n. (Law.) One who gives tery. (Math.) A
curve formed by the consecutive
real estate by will: a testator. —
Device, de-vis", n. intersections of rays of light refracted through a
Thing devised, or formed by design; contrivance; lens. [Gr. dia, through, and kaiein, to burn.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r i
 DIACONAL 147 DICHOTOMIZE
Diaconal. Diaconate. See under Deacon. Gr. dia and metrdn, to measure. J
fr. Diam'etral, —
Diacoustic, di-a-kows'tik or -koos'tik, a. Pert, to the a. Pert, to a diameter.— Diamet'ric, -rical, a. Pert.
science of refracted sounds. —
Diacous'tics, »i. Sci- to, etc. directly adverse.
; Diamet'rically, adv. —
ence of the properties of sound refracted through In a diametrical'direction directly. ;

different mediums. [Gr. dia and akouein, to hear.] Diamond, dKa-mund or di'mund, n. mineral and A
Diacritic, -ical, di-a-krit'ik-al, a. Separating; indica- j
gem remarkable for hardness crystallized ;

ting something to be distinguished. [Gr. dia, be- carbon a geometrical figure otherwise
;

tween, and kruiein^ to separate.] called rhombus or lozenge one of a suit of ;

Diadem, di'a-deni, n. A fillet, worn as a badge of ! playing cards, stamped with the figure of a
royalty, a crown sovereignty; dignity.
; (Her.) diamond. (Print.) small type, in size A
An arch rising from the rim of a crown, and uniting I
between pearl and brilliant. [OF., Gr.,and
with others over its center. [OF. diademc, L. ana l D. diamant. It. and Sp. diamante, corrup.
Gr. diadema, fr. Gr. dia and dein, to bind.] of adamant, q. v.]
Diaeresis. Dieresis. di-er , e-sis,n.;pZ. -ses, -sez. (Gram.) |
i£S~ This line is printed in the tvpe called Diamond.
The separation of 1 syllable into 2 a mark [ " ] orer ; Diapason, di-a-pa'zon, n. (Gr. Mus.) The oc-
the second of 2 adjacent vowels, to denote that they tave or interval which includes all the tones. Con-
are to be pronounced separately, as, aerial. ft. cord, as of notes an octave apart harmony entire ; ;

diseresis, Gr. diairesis, fr. dia and hairein, to take.] compass of tones scale or pitch for giving a stand-
;

Diagnosis, di-ag-no'sis, n. (Jled.) Determination of a
disease by distinctive characteristics. Scientific de-
termination of any kind. [Gr., fr. dia and gnosis,
inquirv, knowledge, fr. gignoskein, to know.] Di-
agnostic, a. Pert, to, or furnishing, a diagnosis
indicating the nature of a disease. n. Symptom
ard pitch; one of certain stops in the organ, which
extend through the scale of the instrument. [L. and
Gr., contr. of Gr. dia jiason chordon sumphonia, con-
— cord through all the notes.]
; Diaper, di'a-per, n. Figured linen cloth for towels,
— napkins, etc. a towel or napkin infant's breech-
; ;

by which a disease is distinguished from others. cloth. (Arch.) Paneling filled up with arabesque
Diagonal, di-ag'o-nal, a. (Geom.) Joining 2 not ad- gilding and painting, or with wrought work in low
jacent angles of a quadrilateral relief. — v. t. [diapered (-nerd), -pering.] To
or multilateral figure, and divid- variegate with figures, as cloth to put a diaper on, ;

ing it into 2 parts crossing at an

; as a child. —
v. i. To draw figures. [OF. diapre,
angle with one of the sides. n. — diaspre, figured cloth, diaspre. jasper, a stone used
A right line drawn from one an- in jewelry, Olt. diaspro, L..jasr,is, Gr. iaspis.]
fle to another, not adjacent, of a _. Diaphanous, di-af'a-nus, a. Transmitting rays of
gure of 4 or more sides. [Gr. dia Diagonal, light, as glass transparent clear. [Gr. dia and
—
; ;

and gonia, corner, angle.]— Diag'onally, -IT, adv. phainein, to show, appear.] Diaphaneity, -ne'I-tl,
In a diagonal direction. n. Qualitj' of being, etc.
Diagram, di'a-gram, n. (Geom.) A figure to illus- Diaphoaics, di-a-foCiks, n. Doctrine of refracted
trate a statement, or facilitate a demonstration. An sound. [Gr. dia and phone, sound, tone.]
illustrative outline or drawing. [L. and Gr. dia- Diaphoresis, di'a-fo-re'sis, n. (Med.) Augmentation
gramma, fr. Gr. dia and graphein, to draw.] Di'a- — of insensible perspiration. [Gr. dia and pherein, to
graph, -graf, n. An instrument used in perspective. carry.] —
Diaphoretic, -ical, a. Having power to,
Dial, di'al, n. An instrument showing the time of etc. —
Diaphoretic, n. A medicine which, etc.
day from the shadow of a style on a graduated sur- Diaphragm, di'a-fram, n. A dividing membrane or
face the graduated face of a time-piece on which
; partition, commonly with an opening through it.
the time is shown by pointers. (XL. dialis, pert, to (Anat.) The muscle separating the chest from the
a day, fr. L. dies, day.] —
Di'aling, n. Science of abdomen midriff. [L. and Gr. diaphragma, fr. Gr.
;

measuring time by dials art of constructing dials. dia and phragnunai, to inclose.]
— Di'alist, n. A constructor of, etc.
;

Di'al-plate, — Diarrhea, -rhcea, di-ar-re'a, n. (Med.) A morbidly

n. The graduated face of, etc.
Dialect, di'a-lekt, n. Means or mode of expressing
thoughts language tongue local form of a lan-
; ;
fuage; idiom patois phraseology. [F. dialecte, L.
; ;
frequent evacuation of the intestines. [L. diarrhoea,
Gr. diarrhoia, fr. dia and rhein, to now.] Diar- —
; rhet'ic. -rhoefic, a. Producing, etc.
Diary, di'a-rY, n. A register of dailv occurrences ;

iatectos, manner of speaking, Gr. dialektos, speech, journal; blank-book dated for daily memoranda.
discourse, language of a district, fr. dia and legein, [L. diarittm, fr. dies, day.] Di'ariat, n. One who —
to choose, speak.] —
Dialectic, -tical, a. Pert, to a keeps, etc.
dialect or to dialects logical. Dialec'tics, n. sing.
: — Diastase, di'as-tas, n. (Chem.) A nitrogenous sub-
That branch of logic which teaches the rules of rea- stance, generated during- germination of grain for
soning application of logical principles to discur-
; the brewery, which accelerates formation of sugar
sive reasoning. [G. dialektike (techne), (art of) dis- during fermentation. [Gr. diastasis, fr. diastenai,
cussing by questioning.] —
Di'alecti'cian, -tish'an, to divide, fr. dia and stenai, to stand.]
w. One versed in dialectics a logician reasoner. ; ; Diastole, di-as'to-le, n. (Med.) A dilatation of the
— Di'alogue. -log, n. A
conversation between two heart. (Gram.) A
figure by which a syllable nat-
or more, esp. in theatrical performances; a composi- urally short is made long. [Gr., fr. dia and stellein,
tion in which persons are represented as conversing. to set, place.]
— Dial'ogist. -jist, n. A
speaker in, or writer of dia- Diastyle, di'a-stll, n. (Arch.) edifice in which 3 An
logue. —
DiaPogist'ic. -gist'ical, a. Pert, to, or in
Str ogize, diameters of the columns are allowed for each inter-
-jlz, v. i. To dis- columniation. [Gr. dia and stulos, column.]
course in dialogue Diatessaron, di-a-tes'sa-ron, n. (Anc. Mus.) The
Diallage, di'al-lej, n. A
dark-green laminate mineral, interval of a fourth. (Theol.) harmony of the 4 A
a variety of hornblende er augite. [Gr., change, fr. Gospels. [Gr., fr. dia and testares, four.]
the change of luster between its natural joints.] Diathesis, di-ath'e-sis, n. (Med.) Bodily condition,
Dialysis, di-al'T-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. diuresis. A esp. that which predisposes to a particular disease.
(Rhet.) Asyndeton. (Med.) Debilitv ; a solution [Gr., fr. dia and tiihenai, to place, put.]
of continuity separation of parts. " [Gr. dia and Diatonic, di-a-ton'ik, a. (Mus.) Pert, to the scale of
—
;

luein, to loose.] Dialyt'ic, -lifik, a. Unloosing. 8 tones, the 8th of which is the octave of the first.
Diamagnetic. di'a-mag-net'ik, a. Pert, to, or exhibit- [Gr. diatonikos, fr. dia and teinevi, to stretch, tonos,
ing the phenomenaof, diamagnetism. n. sub- — A a stretching, tone.] —Diatonic scale. (Mus.) scale A
stance which, in afield of magnetic force, takes a consisting of 8 sounds with 7 intervals, of which 2
position at right ansrles to that of the ordinary mag- are semitones and 5 whole tones.
net. — Di^amagnet'ically, adv. Diamag'netism, — Diatribe, di'a-trlb, n. A
continued discourse or dis-
-izm, n. Science of diamagnetic phenomena con- : [
putation; an invective harangue; reviling; reproach,
dition of magnetic action which characterizes dia- f Gr., fr. dia and tribein, to rub.]
magnetics. Dibber, dib'bgr, Dibble, dib'bl, n. pointed hand A
Diameter, di-am'e-ter, n. (Geo v.) A right line instrument, to make holes for planting seeds, etc.
through the center of a figure or bod; — Dib'ble, v. t. [dibbled (-bid), -bling.] To plant
terminated with a dibble, make holes for planting seeds, etc. —
Length v. i. To dip, as in angling. [Fr. dip, q. v.]
ter of Dice, etc.See under Die, n.
thickness, Dichotomize, di-kot'o-mTz, v. t. To cut into 2 parts,
the lower part . _ halve, bisect. (Astron.) To exhibit as a half-disk
used as a unit for measuring all the parts Diameter. or semicircle. v. i. —
To divide into 2 parts or pairs.
Of an order. [OF. diametre, L. and Gr. diametros. [Gr. dicha, in two (Gr. dis, L. bis, Skr. dvis, twice ;

son, cube, full : moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then. DOHboK, chair, get.
 ; — —

DICHROISM 148 DIFFIDENT

e. rt.Gr. and L. duo, Skr. dva, E. two), and temnein, dez, LL. dadus, a die, lit. thing given forth, fr.
to cut.] —
Dichofomous, -mus, a. (Bot.) Regularly datus, p. p. of L. dare, to give.] Dice, dis, re. ; pi. —
dividing by pairs, from top to bottom. Dichot- — oidie. A
game. v. i. —
To play with dice.—
omy, -mY, n. Division of genera into 2 species. Di'cer, n. One who, etc. —
Die'-sink'ing, n. Pro-
(Astron.) That phase of the moon in which it shows cess of engraving dies. —
-stock, n. An implement
half its disk. {Bot.) Successive division and sub- for holding dies while cutting threads on screws.
division of a stem, etc., into 2 parts. {Logic.) Di- Dieresis. Same as Di.ekesis.
vision of a class into 2 sub-classes opposed to each Dies non, di'ez-non. (Law.) day on which courts A
other by contradiction. are not held. [L. dies non juridicus.']
Dichroism, di'kro-izm, n. (Opt.) Property of pre- Diet, di'et, n. Habitual food victuals course of ; ;

senting different colors by transmitted light, when food selected with reference to a particular state of
viewed in 2 different directions. [Gr. dis, twice, and health. —
v. t. To feed, nourish, esp. to cause to
chroa, chroma, color.]— Di / achro''mat''ic, a. Having eat and drink sparingly, or by rule. —v. i. To eat,
or producing 2 colors. —
Diachro'mic. a. Furnish- feed, esp. to eat sparingly. [OF. diete, diet, LL.
ing 2 colors, —
said of defective vision, in which dieta, a ration, Gr. diaitta, mode of life, diet, perh.
the compound colors are resolvable into 2 elements fr. diao for zao, I live, Zend ji, Skr. jiv, to live; s.
only, instead of 3. rt. quick.'} —
Di'etary, -a-rt, a. Pert, to, etc. n. —
Dickens, dik'enz, re. The devil, used as a vulgar — Rule of diet; allowance of food.— Dietetic, -ical, a.
interjection. [Contr. of devilkins.'] Pert, to the rules of, etc. —
Dietetics, n. That part
Dicker, dik'Sr, re. The number of 10, esp. 10 hides or of medicine or hygiene relating to, etc. Diet'er, —
skins a chaffering barter of small wares.
; v. i. To — -a'rian, n. One who observes rules for, etc.
negotiate a dicker; to barter. [L. decuria, a division Diet, di'et, n. A
legislative or administrative assem-
containing 10, fr. decern, ten.] bly in some countries of Europe. [Same as preced-
Dickey, Dicky, dik't, re. A seat behind a carriage, ing, bnt influenced by L. dies, a day— day ap-
for servants, etc. a bosom to tie over the front of a
; pointed for business, assembly.]
shirt a shirt-collar.
; Differ, differ, v. i. [-fered (-ferd), -feeing.] Ta
Dicotyledon, di'kot-T-le'don, n. (Bot.) A plant whose be or 6tand apart, disagree, be unlike or discordant;
seeds divide into 2 lobes in germinating. Di'coty- — to have a difference or quarrel. v. t. To cause to —
led'onous, -nus, a. Having 2 cotyledons. be different or unlike. [L. dis, apart, and ferre, to
Dictate, dik'tat, v. t. To deliver, state, or utter, for bear.] —
Difference, -ens, n. Act of, or state of be-
another to reduce to writing to communicate with ; ing, etc. ; disagreement ; dissension cause of dis- ;

authority ; to deliver to a subordinate, as a com- sension ; occasion of quarrel; that by which one
mand; to prescribe, enjoin, urge. — v. i. To deliver thing differs from another characteristic quality. ;

commands.— re. A statement delivered with author- (Logic.) Quality or attribute added to those of the
ity ; authoritative rule or principle ; order ; direc- genus to constitute a species differentia. (Math.) ;

tion; impulse; admonition. [L. dictare, -tatum, freq. The quantity by which one quantity differs from
of dicere, to say.] —
Dictation, re. Act of, etc. — another. —
v. t. [differenced (-enst), -encing.]
Dicta'tor, -tSr, re. One who, etc.; one invested with To cause to differ, make different, distinguish.
absolute authority, esp. in times of distress. Dic- — Different, a. Distinct; of various or contrary na-
tato'rial, -rt-al, a. Pert, or suited to a dictator; ab- ture, form, or quality; unlike; dissimilar. Dif- —
solute imperious overbearing. Dictato'rially, — ferently, adv. —
Differentiate, -shf-at, v. t. (Math.)
adv. — ; ;

Dicta' torship, re. Office or term of office of, To obtain the differential, or differential coefficient
etc. — Dicta' tress, -trix, A female who dictates. re. of. (Logic.) To distinguish or describe, by giving
— Dicta' ture, -ta'chur, n. Dictatorship. the differentia, or specific difference of a thing; to
Diction, dik'shun, n. 'Choice of words ; selection of define exactly, specialize. v. i. —
To constitute, ,

terms, manner of expression style phraseology. ; ; mark, or show a difference; to discriminate. Dif'-
[F. ; L. dictio, fr. dicere, dictum, to say ; s. rt. Gr. fer-en'tia'tion, -shT-a'shun, n. (Logic.) Act of dis-
deiknunai, Skr. dig , to show.] —
Dic'tum, re. ; pi. -ta, tinguishing a thing, by giving its differentia, or spe-
-ta. An authoritative saying or assertion. (Law.) cific difference. (Math.) Act or process of differen-
A judicial opinion by judges on points not necessa- tiating. (Physiol.) Production of a diversity of
rily in the case. —
Dictionary, -a-rt, re. book in A parts by a process of evolution or development.
which words are alphabetically arranged and ex- (Metaph.) Tendency in being, organic or inorganic,
plained; a lexicon ; vocabulary a work containing ; to assume more complex structure or functions.—
information in any department of knowledge, ar- Differen'tia, -sht-a, n. {Logic.) The distinguish-
ranged alphabetically, under heads. [F. dictionnaire, ing part of the essence of a species; specific differ-
NL. dictionarium, fr. L. dictio.] ence. [L.] —
Differential, -shal, a. Creating a dif-
Did. See Do. ference; discriminating; special. (Math.) Pert, to
Didactic, -tical, di-dak'tik-al, a. Fitted or inclined a differential. (Mech.) Differing in amount or in
to teach ; arranged in a form suitable for instruc- producing force, —
said of motions or effects; in-
tion ; preeeptive. [Gr. didaktikos, fr. didaskein, to tended to produce difference of motion or effect, —
teach.] —
Didac'tically, adv. Didac'tics, re. Art — said of machinery, etc. —
n. (Math.) An increment^
or science of teaching. usually an indefinitely small one, given to a vari-
Didactyl, di-dak'til, n. An animal having 2 toes. — able quantity. —
Differential calculus. One of the
Didac'tyl, -tylous, -us, a. Having 2 toes. [Gr. dis higher branches of mathematics. See Calculus. —
and daktulos, finger, toe.] D. coefficient. Limit of the ratio of the increment
Didapper, did'ap-er, n. A
diving bird; the black-chin of a function of a variable to the increment of the
freloe ; dab-chick. [For dive-dapper ; E. dapper, variable itself, when these increments are indefi-
opper, diver, Sw. doppa, to dip. See Dip, Dive.] nitely email. —
D. coupling. (Mach.) slip-coup- A
Diddle, did'dl, v. i. To totter, as a child in walking. ling to regulate the velocity of the connected shaft.
[Scot., to shake, jog.] — D. gear. A
combination of wheel- work produ-
Dido, di'do, n. ; pi. -dos, -doz. trick; antic; caper. A cing a motion equal to the difference between two
Didst. Second per. imp. of do. See Do. other motions. —
D. motion. single combination A
Die, di, v. i. [died (did), dying.] To cease to live, producing such a velocity-ratio as would ordinarily
become dead, expire, become lost or extinct ; to require a train of mechanism. D. screw. com- — A
sink, faint; languish, with weakness, discourage- pound screw producing a motion equal to the dif-
ment, love, etc.; become indifferent; to recede and ference of the motions of the component screws. —
grow fainter, become imperceptible to become ; D. thermometer. Que measuring small differences
vapid, flat, or spiritless, as liquor. [Ic. deyja, Sw. of temperature.
do, Dan. doe, Goth. diwan.~\ Difficulty, dif ft-kul-tT, n. State of being hard to ac-
Die, di, n. A
small cube, marked on its faces with complish, or to deal with; a thing hard to accom-
spots from 1 to 6, used in gaming, plish ;a controversy variance or disagreement ;
;

by being thrown from a box obstacle perplexity distress ; objection. [OF.

any small cubical body. [PI.
; ; ;

difficulte, L. difficultas, fr. dis and facilis, easy.] —

this sense, Dice (dis); in the fol- Difficult, a. Hard to make, do, or perform; beset
lowing senses,DiES(diz).] (Arch.) with difficulty; not easily wrought upon; not com-
The cubical part of the pedestal, D - pliant; painful; austere; rigid. Difficultly, adv. —
between base and cornice. The Diffident, dif fT-dent, a. Wanting confidence in
piece of metal on which is cut a device to be stamped others, or in one's self; distrustful; timid; bashful;
(on a coin, medal, etc.); one of two pieces of hard- reserved. fL. diffidens, p. pr. of diffidere, to distrust,
ened steel forming together a female screw for cut- f r. dis and fidere, to trust.] Diffidently, adv. — —
ting the threads of screws. [OF. det, later de\ pi. Diffidence, -dens, n. State of being, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In. Toe ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 DIFFRACT 149 DIM
Diffract, dif-frakt', v. t. To break or separate into fance one holding high rank. [OF. d ignite, L.
parts. [L. dis and frangere, fractum, to break.] — ;

ignitas, fr. dignus.] —

Dig'nitary, -ta-rt, n. One
Diffrac'tion, n. (Opt.) The deflection and de- who possesses exalted rank, esp. ecclesiastical rank.
composition of light in passing by the edges of Digraph, di'graf, n. A combination of 2 written
opaque bodies or through slits, causing the appear- j
characters to express one sound. [Gr. dis, twice,
ance of fringes of prismatic colors. !
and graphein, to write.]
Diffuse, dif-fuz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'). -fusi.vg.] To Digress, dt-gres', v. i. [-gressed (-gresf), -gress-
pour out and spread, as a fluid; to send out, or ex- I inc.] To turn aside; esp. in writing or speaking,
tend, in all directions to expand, disseminate,
; to turn aside from the main subject of attention or
spend, waste, publish, proclaim. [L. dis and fun- course of argument; to turn aside from the right
dere, fusum, to pour, spread.] Diffus'er, n. Dif- — — path, deviate, expatiate, amplify, transgress. [L.
fus'edly, adv. In a diffused manner; dispersedly.
|

dis, apart, and gradi, gressus, to step.] Digres'- —

—
i

— Diffus'edness, n. Diffu'sible, -zt-bl, a. Capable sion, -gresh'un, n. Act of, etc.; part of a discour.-e
of being, etc. —
Diffu / sibil , ity, n. Diffu'sion, — deviating from its main design transgression ; ;

•zhun, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; dissemina- offense.— Digres'sional, a. Pert, to, or consisting
tion spread propagation dispersion. Diffuse'', — in, etc. —
Digres'sive, -iv, a. Departing from the
—
:
; ;

-fus', a. Poured out widely spread

; not re- ; main subject. Digress Ively, adv.
strained, esp. as to style copious; prolix; ampli-
; Dike, dlk, n. A
ditch; channel for water made by
fted. —Diffusely, adv.— Diffuse'ness, n. Quality digging ; bank thrown up to exclude water from
of being diffuse; esp. in writing, the use of many low lands. (Geol.) A wall-like mass of mineral
words to express the meaning; lack of conciseness; matter, filling up
fissures in the original 6trata. v. —
verbosity. —
Diffu'sive, -siv, a. Having the quality t. [diked (dikt), dikixg.] To surround, protect,
of, etc.; capable of spreading by flowing; extend- or drain by dikes. [AS. die, D. ch'ik, Ic. diki, Dan.
ing. — Diffu'sively, adv. —
Diffu'siveness, n. dige, Sw. dike, dike; Gr. teichos, Skr. dehi, mound,
Dig, dig, v. t. [dug or (obs.) digged (digd), dig- rampart; s. rt. ditch, dig, dough.]
ging.] To turn and throw up, as the earth to ; Dilapidate, dl-lap'T-dat, v. t. To suffer to fall into
loosen or remove with a spade, etc.; to delve; to decay or partial ruin ; to diminish by waste and
hollow out, as a well; form, as a ditch; excavate. — abuse, squander, v. i. —
To get out of repair, be-
v. i. To work with a spade, etc., do servile work, come decayed, go to ruin. [L. dilapidare, -datum,
delve. [AS. dician, to make a dike, Dan. dige, to to scatter like stones, fr. dis and lapis, a stone.] —
- Dig/ger, n. Dig'ging, n. Act — Dilap-'ida'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
or°place of, etc. pi. Places where ore, esp. gold, is ecclesiastical waste. —
Dilap'idator, n. One who
dug; regions; localities. causes dilapidation.
Digamma, di-garn'ma, n. A letter (F) of the Greek Dilate, dT-laf or di-lat', v. t. To enlarge or extend
alphabet, which early fell into disuse, pron., prob., in all directions, expand, distend, spread out, am-
like E. w. [Gr., fr. dis, twice, and gamma, because plify, expatiate. v. i. —
To expand, swell; to 6peak
formed like 2 gammas, one above the other.] largely and copiously, expatiate, descant. [OF.
Digastric, di-gas'trik, a. (Anat.) Having a double dilater, fr. L. dilatus, spread abroad, fr. dis and
belly; pert, to a muscle between the lower jaw and latus, p. p. of/erre,to carry.] Dilafer, n. Dila'- — —
the mastoid process. [Gr. dis and gaster, belly.] tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; expansion.
Digest, di-iest', v. f. To arrange methodically; work — Dil'ata'tion, n. Same as dilation. [OF.] Dila'- —
over and classify to prepare in the stomach for
; table, a. —Dila'tabil'ity, n. Dila'tive, a. Causing —
conversion into "blood, turn intc chyme, said of — dilatation. —
Dilat'or, n. That which expands; a
food; to think over, reflect upon; to bear with pa- muscle that dilates any part. Dil'atory, -to-rl, a. —
tience. (Chem.) To soften by heat and moisture, Inclined to put off what ought to be done at once;
(iferf.) To suppurate, —v. i. To undergo diges- given to, or marked with procrastination; intended
tion; be prepared by heat, suppurate. [L. digerere, to make delay, or to gain time and defer action;
-gestum, to separate, dissolve, fr. dis and gerere, to sluggish; backward; tardy. Dil'atorily, adv.— —
bear, wear.] —
Di'gest, n. Thing digested; esp. that Diratoriness, n.
which is worked over, classified, and arranged ; Dilemma, dl-lem'ma or dl-lern'ma, n. {Logic.) An
compendium ; abridgment pandect; a collection ; argument which affords an antagonist alternatives,
of Roman laws. [L. digestum.]— Digest'er, n. One but is conclusive against him, whichever alterna-
who digests; thing that aids digestion; a closed ves- tive he chooses. A perplexing state difficult or ;

sel, for dissolving bones, etc., by exposure to a high doubtful choice. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. dia, between,
temperature. —
Digestible, -I-bl, a. Capable of and lambanein, to take.]
being, etc. —
Digestlbleness, -ibillty, n. Quality Dilettant, dil-et-tanf, -tante, -tan'ta, n. ; pi. -tanti,
of being, etc. —
Digeslion, -chun, n. Act of digest- -te. An admirer of the fine arts an amateur ; esp. ;

ing; classification; conversion of food into chyme;
preparation by heat and moisture; gradual solution;
production of pus.— Digestive, -iv, a. Causing,
used for, or pert, to digestion.
Digbt, dlt, v. t. [dight or dighted; dighting.] To
put in order, dress, adorn. [AS. dihtan, MHG. dih-
one who follows an art desultorily, without serious
purpose, or for amusement. [It. dilettante, p. pr. of
delettare, L. delectare, to delight.] Dilettan'teism. —
-ta-izm, n. Quality of being, etc.
Diligent, dil'T-]ent, a. Interestedly and perseveringly
attentive steady in application to business ; prose-
;

ten, G. dichten, fr. L. dictare, to dictate, q. v.] cuted with care and constant effort assiduous ; ;

Digit, dijlt, n. A finger; a finger'B breadth, or 3-4ths sedulous ; industrious careful. [L. diligens, p. pr.
;

of an inch. (Arith.) One of the ten figures, 0, 1, 2, of dUigere, to esteem highly, fr. dis and legere, to
3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, by which numbers are expressed. select.] — Diligently, adv. — Diligence, -jens, n.
(Astron.) A
12th part of the diameter of the sun or Quality of being, etc.; assiduity; industry.
moon. [L. digitus, a finger, an inch.] Digital, — /r
Diligence, de-le-zhaxs n. A
French stage-coach. [F.]
—
,

a. Pert, to the fingers, or DiKly, -It, n. A

stage-coach. [Contr. of diligence.]
to digits. — Dig' itate, Dill, dil, n. A
plant bearing pungent and aromatic
-tated, a. (BotT) Having seeds. [AS. dile, D. dille, Sw. and G. dill]
leafletsarranged, like fin- Dilly-dally, diKlT-daFlt, v. i. To loiter or trifle. [See
gers, at the extremity of Dally.]
a stem, or petiole. Digi-— Dilute, di-laf, v. t. To make
thinner or more liquid
ta'tion, n. A division into
— by admixture with something to diminish, by mix- ;

finger -like processes. ing, the strength, flavor, color, etc., of to reduce,
Dig1tiform,-T-ti-f6rm, a. esp. by addition of water. v.i. To become thin. — ;

(Bot.) Formed like fin- — a. Thin attenuated reduced in strength, as

; ;

gers. —Dig' itigrade, spirit or color. [L. diluerc, dilution, fr. dis and luere,
-grad, a. yZobl.) Walk- to wash.]— Dilut'er, n. Dilu'tion, n. — Act of. 'or
ing on the toes. n. An state of being, etc. —
Dil'uent, -u-ent, a. Diluting.
animal that steps on its n. That which, etc.; esp. what weakens the blood,
toes, as the lion, wolf. etc. Digitate Leaf. by mixture with it. — Dilu'vial, -vt-al, a. Pert, to,
[L. qradi, to step, walk.] or produced by, a deluge, esp. the deluge in Noah's
Dignify, dig'nY-fi, v. t. T-fied (-fid), -fyino.] To days. — Dilu'vian, «. Pert, to a deluge.— Dilu'vion,
invest with dignity or honor, give distinction to. -am, n. (Geol.) A
deposit of superficial loam, sand,
[OF. dignifier, LL. dignificare, fr. L. dignus, worthy, etc., caused by action of the sea. [L. diluvium.]
—
and facere, to make.] Dig'nity, -tl, n. State of Dim, dim, a. Not bright or distinct; of obscure luster,
being worthy or honorable elevation of mind or of
; sound, or vision; dull of apprehension; dark; mys-
rank; quality inspiring respect loftiness and ele- ; terious, sullied, tarnished, —v. t. [dimmed (dimd)
sun, cube, full ; moon, f$ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.

DIME
dimming.] To render
obscure, darken, dull to de-
prive of distinct vision, darken the senses or under-
standing of. [AS. dim, Ic. dimmr, Sw. dimmig, dim,
Sw. dimma, a teg, a mist; Skr. tamas, gloom, fr. tarn,
to choke, obscure.] —
Dimly, adv. Dim'ness, n.
Dim'mish, a. Somewhat dim.
Dime, dim, n. A silver coin of the United States,
worth 10 cents the tenth of a dollar. [F. OF.
;
disme. L. decimus, the tenth, fr. decern, ten.]
Dimension, df-men'shun, n. Measurement in length,
breadth, and thickness extent size application;
; ;
importance. (Alg.) A literal factor, as numbered in
characterizing a term. [OF.; L. dimensio, fr. dis and
metiri, mensus, to measure.] Dimen'sive, -siv, a. — an optical instrument for taking heights, fr. dia and
Marking the dimensions or limits.
Dimeter, dim'e-tgr, a. Having two poetical measures.
— n. A
verse of 2 measures. [Gr. dis and metron,
measure.]
Dimidiate, dY-mid't-at, v. t. To divide into 2 equal
parts. — a.Divided into two equal parts. (Jfat.
Hist.) Consisting of but one half of what the nor-
mal condition requires, appearing as if halved hav-
ing one half set off against the other in functions.
[L. dimidiare, -atum, fr. dimidius, half.] Dimid'i-
a'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Diminish, dY-minlsh, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.]
To make smaller to lessen the authority or dignity
; etc.—
of. (Mus.) To make smaller by a semitone. To
take away, subtract, abate, reduce, impair. v. i.
To become or appear less or smaller to lessen, [dis
and E. tninish, fr. OF. menusier, LL. minutiare. fr.
L. minuere, -nutum, to lessen.] Diminlshable, a.
— —
Dimin'isher, n. Diminu'tion, -nu'shun, n.
Act of, or state of being, etc. reduction in size,
quantity, degree, dignity, or consideration. (Law.)
Omission, inaccuracy, or defect in a record. [OF.] —
Dimin'utive, -tiv, a. Of small size; minute; little.
— n. Something of small size or value; insignifi-
cant thing. (Gram.) A derivative from a noun, de-
noting a small or young object of the kind denoted
—
by the primitive. Dimin'utively, adv. tm«»*«'-
Dimin'
utivenesB, n. —
Dimin'uen'do, adi
(Mus.) In a gradually diminishing
manner, —
a direction, written on Diminuendo,
the staff or indicated as in the margin. [It., p. pr.
of diminuire, to diminish.]
Dimissory. See under Dismiss.
Dimity, dim /'Y-tY, n. A kind of stout, white, cotton
cloth, ribbed or figured. [Gr. dimitos, dimitv, lit.
made with double thread, f r. dis and mitos, a thread
of the woof.]
/
Dimorphous, di-m6r 'fus, a. Occurring under 2 dis-
tinct forms. (Crysta'dog.) Crystallizing under 2
forms fundamentally different. [Gr. dis and morphe,
form.] —Dimor'phism, -fizm, n. Property of being,
etc.
Dimple, dim'' pi, n. A slight natural depression on
the surface of the body, esp. on the CiieeK o. chin
indentation on any surface. —
v. i. [dimtleTj (-pld),
-pling.] To form dimples, sink into depressions.
v. t. To mark with, etc. [Same as dingle, dim. of dip.]
Din, din, n. Loud, stunning noise racket clamor.—
v.t. [dinned (dind), -NiNG.] To strike with con-
tinued or confused sound; to stun with noise. [AS.
dyn, Ic. dynr, din AS. dynnan, to make a loud
; thongal, -thon'gal, a. Pert, to, or consisting of etc.
sound, Ie. dynja, to pour, rattle down like hail, Skr.
dhuni, roaring, dhvan, to roar, buzz.]
Dine, din, v. i. [dined (dlnd), dining.] To partake
of the noon meal, or principal meal of the day ; to
take dinner. v. t.— To give a dinner to or at. _[F.
diner, OF. disner, LL. dimare.] Din'ner, n. The
principal meal, entertainment; feast. [F. diner.~]
Ding, ding, v. i. [dinged (dingd), dinging.] To talk
with vehemence, importunity, or reiteration to
bluster to sound, as a bell, ring, tinkle.
; n.
thump or stroke, esp. of a bell. [Onomat: Ic. deng-
ja, to hammer, Dan. dsenge, Sw. danga, to bang.]
Ding'-dong, n. The sound of bells; a repeated and
monotonous sound.
Dinghy, Dingey, din'gY, n. A
boat of the East Indies
ship's smallest boat. [Bengalee.]
Din gle, din'gl, n. A
narrow dale or valley betweeni
hills. [See Dimple and Dip
Dingo, din'go, n. The Australian native dog.
Dingy, din'jY, a. [-giek, -giest.] Soiled; sullied; of
dark color; dun. [Fr. dung.] Din'giness, n. — Dipsomania, dip-so-ma /'nt-a, n. Inordinate desire for
Dinner. See under Dine.
Dinosaur, di'no-sawr, -saurian, -saw'rY-an, n. (Pa-
leon.) An extinct reptile, of gigantic size, having
characteristics of mammals and of birds. [Gr. dei-
nos, terrible, and saura, lizard.]
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
; —
150 DIPTERAL
; Dint, dint, *. To make asmall cavity on, by a blow
or pressure. [AS. dynt, Sw. dial, dunt, a blow Bio ; Ic.
dyntr, a din t, dynta, to dint.]
Diocese, di'o-ses, n. The district in which a bishop
— — exercises ecclesiastical authority. [OF. L. dioecesis, ;
Gr. dioikesis, lit. housekeeping, administration, prov-
ince, fr. Gr. dia and oikein, to manage a household,
fr. oikos, house.] —
Diocesan, di-os'e-san or di'o-se'-
;
san, a. Pert, to, etc. n. —
bishop. A
Dioptric, -trical, di-op/trik-al, a. Assisting vision by
; means of the refraction of light; using refraction in-
stead of reflection, as a lighthouse with lenses in-
stead of reflectors; pert, to dioptrics. [Gr. dioptra,
optein, to see.]— Diop'trics, n. Science of the re-
fraction of light in passing through different media,
esp. through different lenses.
Diorama, di'o-ra'ma or -ra'ma, n. "View of a paint-
ing, illuminated and seen through an opening ;
building for such an exhibition. [Gr. dia and ho-
rarna, a sight, thing seen, fr. horan, to see.] Dio- —
; ram'ic, a. Pert, to, etc.
Dip, dip, v. t. [dipped (dipt) or dipt, dipping.] To
— immerse in a fluid and withdraw again; to plunge,
as into difficulty, engage to take out by immersing
;
and removing again some receptacle, as a ladle, pail,
v. i. To immerse one's self to remove some- ;
thing, by immersing and withdrawing a receptacle;
— to thrust in and partake to enter slightly or curso-
;
; rily; to incline downward.— n. Action of dipping,
or of plunging for a moment into a liquid inclina- ;
— tion downward slope pitch sauce to be dipped ;
; ;
out with a spoon a dipped candle. [AS. dippan,
;
; dyppan, D. dyppe ; s. rt. deep, dive.] Dip of the —
horizon. (Astron.) Apparent angular depression of
the visible horizon below the true or natural hori-
zon. —Dip of the needle, or magnetic dip. Angle
formed by the line of magnetic force, with a hori-
zontal line. —
Dipped candle. One made by repeat-
edly dipping a wick in melted tallow. Dip'per, n. —
— One who, or that which, etc. a vessel for dipping ;
liquids. (Ornith.) A
small diving bird, resembling
the blackbird; the dabchick, a N. Amer. grebe; also,
the spirit-duck, of N. Amer. (Astron.) The 7 prin-
cipal stars in the constellation of the Great Bear,
arranged in the form of a dipper.— Dip'ping-nee'dle,
n. A magnetic needle, suspended to move in a ver-
tical plane and indicate on a graduated circle the
magnetic dip.
Dipetalous, di-pefal-us, a. (Bot.) Having 2 flower-
leaves or petals. [Gr. dis undpetalon, leaf.]
Diphtheria, dif- or dip-the'rY-a, n. (Med.) A virulent
zymotic disease, in which the mucous membrane,
esp. of the throat and air passages, becomes coated
With a false membrane. [Gr. diphthera, leather (the
membrane).] —
Diphtheric, -ther'ik, -therific, a.
Pert, to, etc.
Diphthong, dif- or diphthong, n. (Orthoepy.) A
—
;
union of 2 vowel sounds pronounced in one sylla-
—
ble, as, ou in out, called a proper diphthong ; union
of two vowels in the same syllable, only one of them
; ; being sounded, as, at' in rain, —called an improper
diphthong. [OF. diphthongue, Gr. diphthonggos, with
2 sounds, fr. dis and phthonggos, sound.] Diph- —
,
Diphyllous, dif 11-us or di-flKus, a. (Bot.) Having 2
leaves, as a calyx, etc. [Gr. dis and phullon, leaf.]
Diploe, dip'lo-e, n. (Anat.) The network of bone
tissue between the plates of the skull. (Bot.) The
cellular substance of a leaf. [Gr., fr. diploos, dou-
— ble.]
Diploma, dY-plo'ma, n. ; pi. -mas, -maz. Orig. a state
fetter of recommendation, —consisting of 2 leaves ;
; a writing conferring some authority, privilege, hon-
— A or, etc. esp. a record of a literary degree. [L. and
;
Gr., lit. thing folded double, fr. Gr. Sis and ploos,
— f old.] — Diplo'macy, -sT, -matism, -tizm, n. Art of
conducting negotiations between nations, esp. in
securing treaties; dexterity in securing advantages.
— Diplomat, -mate, -mat, -mafic, Diplo'matist, n.
One employed or skilled in, etc. — Diplomatic,
-ical, a. — Diplomatically, aav. — Diplomatics, w.
Science of diplomas, or art of reading ancient writ-
ings, public documents, etc.; paleography.
Dipper, Dipping-needle. See under Dip.
alcoholic liquors; oenomania. [Gr. dipsa, thirst, and
mania, mania.] -Dipsoma'niac, n. One who has, etc.
Dipteral, dip't?r-al, a. (Entom.) Having 2 wings
only. (Anc. Arch.) Having a double row of columns
on each flank, as well as in front and rear. [Gr. dis
; Snd, eve, term : Tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 DIPTOTE 151 DISAVOW
— tied (-tid), dirtying] To make filthy, soil: to tar-
and pteron, wing.]
terous, -us, a.
Dip'-
Having 2 nish, scandalize. —
Dirt'ily, adv. Dirt'iness, n. — —
wings, as among insects, or Dirf-eat'ing, re. (J/d</.) A disease of the nutritive
wing-like processes, as in functions among negroes, in which there is an irre-
sistible desire to eat dirt; use of clay for food, among
plants.
Diptote, dip'tot, n. (Gr. & poor whites of the South and certain savage tribes.
L. Gram.) A
noun which Act of eating one's words, or of enduring insult.
has only two cases. [Gr. dis Diruption, dT-rup'shun, n. bursting or rendingA
and ptotos, falling, fr. pip- asunder. [L. dis and rumpere, ruptum, to break.]
tein, to fali.l Disable, dis-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-a'bld), -ablixg.] To
Diptych, dip'tik, n. an- An render unable or incapable, make unfit for service,
cient tablet, having 2 fold- disqualify, incapacitate. (Laiv.) To deprive of legal
ing leaves a catalogue of
;
right or qualification. [ lis priv. (L. dis, orig. dvis,
fr. due, two, hence, in two, apart, away; s. rt. bis)
bishops and saints. [Gr. dis —
and ptussein, to fold.] and a'le, q. v.] Disability, -l-tr, re. State of bein»
disabled; want of competent physical or intellectual
Dire, dlr, a. Evil in a great degree dreadful hor- : ;

rible; terrible. [L. dims, Gr. deinox, terrible, Skr.

power, opportunity, etc., or of legal qualification.
di, to fly.] —
Dire'ness. n. -Dire'ful. -ful, a. Same Disabuse, dis-a-buz', v. t. [-bused (-buzd'), -busing.]
as Dike. —
Dire'fully, adr. To free from mistake, undeceive, set right.
Disadvantage, dis-ad-van'tej, n. Deprivation of ad-
Direct, dT-rekt', a. straisht not crooked, oblique, ;

vantage; unfavorable or prejudicial quality, condi-

or circuitous ; straightforward not swerving from :

truth and openness sincere immediate unam- tion, circumstance, etc.; prejudice to interest, fame,
;

biguous: absolute: in the line of descent; not collat-

; ;

credit, profit, etc. ; loss damage. Disad'vanta'-

; —
eral. (Asfron.) In the direction of the general plane-
geous, -ta'jus, a. Attended with, etc inconven-
tary motion, or from west to east. v. t. To give di- — ient; detrimental. —
Disad'vanta'geously. adv.
;

rection or bearing to: to determine the course of; to Disad'vanta'geousness, re.

point out the proper course to, put upon the right Disaffect, dis-af-fekt'', v. U To alienate the affection
track; to instruct as a superior; to put a direction or of, fill with discontent and unfriendliness; to dis-
address upon, superscribe.— v. i. To give direction, turb the functions of, disorder. Disaffec'tion, re. —
act as guide. re. —
(Mus.) A character [ placed W] State of being, etc.; disgust; ill-will; disloyaltv; hos-
at the end of a staff on the line or space of the first tility.
note of the next staff, to apprise the performer of Disaffirm, dis-af-ferm', v. t. To affirm the contrary
its situation. [L. dirigere, -rectum, to straighten, of, contradict, deny. (Law.) To refuse to confirm;
direct, fr. dis, apart, end
regere, to rule, control.] — to annul, as a judicial decision. Disaffirm 'ance, n. —
Direct chord. Olw.) One in which the fundamental Act of, etc. (Law.) Overthrow or annulment by
tone is the lowest. —
D.fire. {JUL) One in a direc- the decision of a superior tribunal. Disaf' urina- —
tion perpendicular to the line of troops or to the tion, n. Act of, etc. refutation. ;

parapet aimed at. D. tax. —

tax assessed directly A Disagree, dis-a-gre', v. i. [-greed (-gred'), -gree-
on possessions, discing, fr. taxes on articles of con- ixg.] To fail to accord or agree; to lack harmony,
sumption, or customs. —
Directly, adv. In a di- be at variance to differ in opinion, be unsuited,
—
;

rect, immediate, express, or absolute manner ;

have unfitness. Disagree'able, -a-bl, a. Not agree-
straiffhtway immediately. Direct'ness, re.— Di- — able, conformable, or congruous; exciting repug-
—
;

rector, re. Direc'tion, re. Act of directing, or of nance; offensive; displeasing. —Disagree'' ableness,
aiming, rejulating, guiding, or ordering; authorita- re. — Disagree'ably, adv. — Disagreement, re. Act
tive instruction; address of a person written upon a of, or state of being, etc.; difference of opinion; un-
thing sent; superscription: course upon which any- suitableness; a falling out or controversy; discrep-
thing is moving or aimed to move : line or point of ancy; variance; jar; wrangle; discord.
tendency; body of persons charged with the manage- Disallow, dis-al-low', v. t. [-lowed (-lowd'), -low-
ment of a matter administration management
; ; ;
ing.] To refuse to allow, permit, authorize, or sanc-
government. —
Directive, -iv, a. Having power, or tion to disown and reject, disapprove, prohibit,
tending, to direct. —
Direct'or, -5T, n. One who, or condemn.
;

—
v. i. To refuse permission, etc. Disal- —
that which, etc. esp. one of a body of persons ap-
; low'able, a. —
Disallow'ance, -ans, re. Act of, etc.
pointed to manage the affairs of a company part prohibition; rejection.
—
;

of a machine which directs its motion or action. I Disannul, dis-an-nuK, r. i. To annul, render void,
Direct'orate, -rat, re. A
body of directors, or the nullify, [rlis intens., not priv., and annul.]
office of director. —
Directo'rial. -rt-al, a. Having
—
j

Disappear, dis-ap-per'", v.i. [-peared (-perd'), -peak-

the quality of, or pert, to a director or directory. ing!] To vanish from sight, become invisible, cease
Direct'orship, n. Office of, etc. Directory, -rt, — to appear or to be perceived; to cease to be or exist,
a. Containing directions directorial. re.
: col- — A become merged in something else.— Disappear'ance,
lection of directions, rules, or ordinances esp. a ; -ans. re. Act of, etc.
book of directions for the conduct of worship a ; Disappoint, dis-ap-point', v. t. To defeat of expecta-
book containing the names and residences of the in- tion or hope, hinder of result, tantalize, balk, de-
habitants of any place a body of directors esp.
; ; feat.— Disappointment, re. Act of. or state of being,
a committee which held executive power in France etc.: that winch, etc.; miscarriage; frustration.
under the first republic— Direcfress, n. woman A Disapprove. dis-ap-prooV, v. t. [-proved (-proovd').
who, etc. —
Direct'rix, re. A
directress. (Geom.) A -proving.] To pass unfavorable judgment upon;
line along which a point in another line moves, and to regard as wrons or inexpedient; to censure; to re-
which governs its motion and determines the posi- fuse official approbation, decline to sanction, disal-
tion of the curve generated by it, or along: which low. —
Disapprovingly, adv. Disapprov'al, Dis- —
the generatrix moves in generating a warped or sin- approbation, -pro-ba'shun, re. Act oi disapproving.
gle curved surface; a straight line so situated with — Disap 'probatory, -to-rT, a. Containing disappro-
respect to a conic section that the distance of any bation: tending to disapprove.
point of the curve from it has a constant ratio to the Disarm, diz- or dis-arm', v. t. To deprive of arms or
distance of that point from the focus. Dir'igent, — of means of attack or defense: to deprive of means
-T-jent, a. Directing. re. (Geom.) — directrix. A or disposition to harm. —
Disarm'' ament, re. Act of,
Direption. dT-rep'shun. n. Act of plundering or de- etc. —Disarm^er. re.
spoiling. [L. direj'tio. fr. diripere, -reptwn, to tear Disarrange, dis-ar-ranj , v. t. To unsettle or disturb
asunder, plunder, f r. dix and rapere, to seize.] the order or due arrangement of.
1

Disarrange , - —
Dirge, derj, n. A
piece of mournful music, to accom- ment. re. Act of, or state of being, etc.; confusion.
pany funeral rites. [Contr. from the first word of a Disarray, dis-ar-ra', v. t. To throw into disorder,
hymn beginning " Dirige gressus meos," formerly break the array of to undress, unrobe.
; n. Want —
sung at funerals.] of array or regular order; disorder: confusion: state
Diligent. See under Direct. of bom's imperfectly attired; undress; dishabille.
Dirk. dSrk, re. A
kind of dagger or poniard. v. t. To — Disaster, diz-as'ter, n. Orig. a baleful aspect of a
stab with, etc. [Ir. duirc] planet or star. An unfortunate event: esp. a sudden
Dirt, dert, n. Any filthy substance, as excrement, misfortune; calamity; mischance: grief. [OF. des-
earth, mud, dust, etc.— v. t. To make foul or filthv; astre, fr. des (L. dis) "and astre (L. ast.rum, Gr. aster),
to soil, dirty. [Ic. drit, OD. driet. dirt: Ic. drita, D. a star, planet, also destiny, fate.] Disastrous, —
drijten, to void excrement.] Dirt'y. -I, a. [dirt- — -trus. a.Attended with, etc. Disastrously, adv. —
ier, dirtiest.] Denied with dirt: nasty; filthy; foul; Disavow, dis-a-vow', v. t. To refuse to acknowledge,
serving to defile; sordid; base; groveling. ;;. t. [dir- — deny responsibility for, approbation of, etc.; to dis-
sfin. cube, full; moon, f 6t»t ; cow, oil; linger or ink. then, boxboN. chair, get.
 ; ;

QUA

DISBAND 152 DISCOURAGE

prove, disown, disallow. —
Disavowal, n. Act of, disclosure or revelation. — Disclos'er, n. Disclo'- —
etc. disclaimer.
; —
Disavow' er, n. sure, -klo'zhur, n. Act of, etc.; thing revealed.
Disband, dis-band', v. t. To loose the bands or banded Discoid. See under Disk.
existence of; to disperse; esp. to break up the mili- Discolor, dis-kul'er, v. t. To alter the color of, stain,
tary organization of. —
v. i. To become separated or tinge; to alter the true complexion or appearance of.
scattered; esp. to quit military service by breaking — DiscoFora'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.;
—
up organization. Disband'ment, n. Act of, etc. spot; stain.
Disbar, dis-bar', i>. t. To expel (barristers) from the bar. Discomfit, dis-kum'flt, v. t. To scatter in fight, break
Disbark, dis-bark', v. t. To put on shore, disembark. up the plans of, throw into perplexity and dejec-
Disbelieve, dis-be-lev', v. t. Not to believe; to hold tion, disconcert, rout. n. —
Rout; overthrow; dis-
not to be true or actual; to refuse credit to. Disbe- — comfiture. [OF. desconfiz, p. p. of desconfire, to van-
liever, n. —
Disbelief, -lef, n. Act of, etc.; refusal quish, fr. des and confire, L. conjicere, to finish, pre-
of credence; unbelief system of error. ; serve.] —
Discom'fiture, -f T-chur, n. Act of, or state
Disburden, dis-ber'dn, v. t. To rid of a burden, lay of being, etc.; defeat; frustration.
off as oppressive, become relieved of, unload, disen- Discomfort, dis-kum'fert, n. Want of comfort; in-
cumber, free. v. i.— To ease the mind. quietude. —
v. t. To destroy or disturb the comfort,
Disburse, dis-bers', v. t. [-bursed (-bersf), -bursing.] peace, or happiness of.
To pay out, expend. [OF. desbourser, fr. des and Discommend, dis-kom-mend / ', v. t. To mention with
bowse, purse. See Burse.] —
Disbursement, n. Act disapprobation, blame; to expose to censure or ill
of, etc. ; what is paid out. — DisbursCr, n. One who favor.— Discommend'' able, a. Deserving, etc. Dis- —
disburses money. com'menda'tion, n. Blame censure. ;

Disburthen, dis-ber'thn, v. t. To disburden. Discommode, dis-kom-mod'', v. t. To put to inconven-

Disc. See Disk. ience, incommode, annoy.
Discard, dis-kard', v. t. To throw out of the hand as Discommon, dis-kom'un, v. t. To deprive of the right
useless, —
said of cards; to cast off or dismiss; put or of common, or of the privileges
/r
of a place.
thrust away, discharge, cashier, reject. Discompose, dis-kom-poz v. t. To disarrange, inter-
,

Discern, diz-zern'', v. t. [-cerned (-zerndO, -cerk- fere with, break up; to throw into disorder, destroy
ing.] To behold as separate, note the distinctive the composure of; to put out of place or service, de-
character of, make out and distinguish by the eye, range, agitate, ruffle, fret, displace.— Discompo' sure,
recognize, perceive with the mind, apprehend, pen- -po'znur, n. State of being, etc.
etrate, discriminate, descry. v. i. —
To see the dif- Disconcert, dis-kon-sSrf, v. t. To break up the har-
ference, make distinction. [OF. discerner, L. dis- monious progress of, throw into disorder, discom-
cernere, fr. dis and cemere, Gr. krinein, to separate; pose, abash, confuse, frustrate. —
Disconcer'tion. n.
s. rt. discreet.'] —
Discern'er, n.— Discernible, -Tt-bl, Disconnect, dis-kon-nekf, v. t. To dissolve the union
a. Capable of being discerned; perceptible; visible; or connection of, sever. —
Disconnection, n.
evident; manifest.— Discern'ibleness, n.— Discern'- Disconsolate, dis-kon'so-lat, a. Destitute of comfort
ibly, adv. —
Discern'ment, n. Act of discerning; or consolation; deeply dejected; melancholy; inspir-
faculty of the mind by which it distinguishes one ing dejection; saddening; cheerless. [L. dis and con-
thing from another; judgment; discrimination; pen- solari, -latum, to console.] —
Disconsolately, ado .
—
etration; sagacity. Discon'solateness, ».
Discharge, dis-charj', v. t. To relieve of a charge, Discontent, dis-kon-tenf, n. Want of content; un-
load, or burden, unload; to let go the charge of, as a easiness and inquietude of mind; dissatisfaction. —
gun; to relieve from a state of tension, as a Ley den v. t. To deprive of content, make uneasy, dissat-
jar; to relieve of something weighing upon one, as a isfy. — Discontentedly, adv. —
Discontent' edness,
debt, claim, accusation, etc.; to relieve of an office or -ment, n. State of being, etc. inquietude. ;

employment, take out or remove, as a charge, bur-
den, contents, etc.; to let fly, as a missile, shoot; to
relieve one's self of, by fulfilling conditions, per-
forming duty, etc.; to perform or execute, as an of-
fice,or part; to give forth, emit or send out, give
vent to, utter. —
v. i. To throw off or deliver a load,
charge, or burden.— n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
thing discharged. — Dischar'ger,
that which, etc. esp. in electricity, an instrument
; ing off or interruption of an estate; termination of
for discharging a Leyden jar or electrical battery.
Disciple, dis-si'pl, n. One who receives instruction
from, or accepts the doctrines of, another; pupil;
follower; adherent; supporter. [OF. ; L. disc ipulus,
fr. discere, to learn, fr. docere, to teach.] Disci'-
pleship, n. State of being a disciple. Discipline,
-sY-plin, n. The treatment suited to a disciple or
learner; development of the faculties by instruction
and exercise; training to act in accordance with
rules; subjection to rule; punishment byway of cor-
rection and training. {Eccl.) Reformatory or penal
action toward a church member. Subject-matter of
instruction. v. t. —
[-plined (-plind), -plining.]
To educate, develop by instruction and exercise;
to accustom to regular action, bring under control,
drill; to improve by corrective methods; to inflict
ecclesiastical censures and penalties upon. [OF.; L.
disciplina.] — Dis'cipliner, n —
Disciplinable, -a-bl,
a. Capable of being, liable or deserving to be, etc.
— Dis'ciplinableness, n. —
Disciplinary, -a-rt, a.
Pert, to, or intended for, etc.— Dis'ciplina'rian, -rT-
an, a. Pert, to, etc. n. —
One who, etc.; esp. one
who enforces rigid discipline. Dis'ciplinant, n. — account, debt, price asked, etc.; deduction for in-
{Eccl.) One of a religious order who practice scourg-
ing themselves, or impose other rigid discipline.
Disclaim, dis-klam r v. t. To reject all claim to; to
, dis-kownt', v. t. To deduct from an account, etc.;
deny ownership of, or responsibility for; to refuse
to acknowledge, disown, disavow, renounce, reject.
{Law.) To decline accepting, as an estate, interest,
or office. —
Disclaimer, n. One who, etc. {Law.)
A denial, disavowal, or renunciation, as of a title,
claim, interest, estate, or trust. public disavowal, A
as of pretensions, opinions, etc.
Disclose, dis-kloz r , v. t. To unclose, open; to remove
a cover or envelope from; to bring to light; to make
known, as that which has been kept secret, divulge,
tell, utter, —
v.i. To burst open, gape; to make a
Discontinue, dis-kon-tin-'u, v. t. To interrupt the con-
tinuance of; to intermit, as a practice or habit, put
an end to; to cease attention to, or entertainment or
reception of; to break the continuity of, disunite. —
v. i. To lose continuity or cohesion of parts; to be
separated or severed; to part. —
Discontin'uer, n. —
Discontinuance, -ans, n. Act of, or state of being,
n. One who, or etc.; want of continuity of parts. {Law.) break- A
an action in practice by the voluntary act of the
plaintiff; entry on the record that the plaintiff dis-
continues action; technical interruption of the pro-
ceedings in pleading, when a defendant does not
— answer the whole of the plaintiff's declaration, and
— the plaintiff omits to take judgment for the part un-
answered. —Dis'contin'ua'tion, n. Breach of con-
tinuity; discontinuance; disruption. Discon'tinn'- —
ity, -nu'Y-tY, n. Want of continuity or cohesion. —
Discontinuous, -u-us, a. Not continuous.
Discord, dis'kord, n. Want of concord or agreement;
variance leading to contention and strife; dissension;
clashing, {Mus. ) Union of musical sounds which
strikes the ear disagreeably, owing to the incommen-
surability of the vibrations which they produce.
[OF.; L. discordia, fr. dis and cor, cordis, heart; s.
rt. heart.] —
Discord'ant, a. At variance; clashing;
jarring; opposing. (Mus.) Not in harmony or con-
cord. — Discord'antly, adv. —
Discord 'antness, n. —
Discord'ance, -ancy, -an-sY, n. State or quality of
being, etc.; inconsistency.
Discount, dis'kownt, n. An allowance made upon an
terest, in advancing money upon a bill or note not
—
due; act of discounting. Discount, dis'kownt or
to loan money upon, deducting the allowance for
interest. —v. i. To lend money, abating the dis-
count; to anticipate and make allowance for.— Dis'*
counter, ».— Discountable, a.
Discountenance, dis-kown'te-nans, v. t. To put out
of countenance, put to shame, abash; to refuse t«
countenance or give approval to, discourage. ». —
Unfriendly regard; cold treatment; disapprobation.
— Discoun'tenancer, n.
Discourage, dis-kur'ej, v. t. To extinguish the cour-
age of, deprive of confidence; t* deter one from,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; 8dd, tone, or
 DISCOURSE 153 DISGRACE
dishearten one with respect to, dissuade, disooun- of contempt and aversion haughtiness scorn %
tenance. —
Disc our 'ageable. a. —
Diacour 'agement, arrogance. [OF. desdein, disdain, desdegner, to dis-
; ;

n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. — dain, fr. des (L. dis) and degner (L. dignari), to
Discour'ager. n. deem worthy, fr. L. dignus, worthy. See Deign.]
Discourse, dis-kors', n. Orig., power to run over, to — Disdainful, -ful, a. Full of, or expressing, dis-
compare and judge: oral exposition of a subject; dain contemptuous haughty. Disdainfully, —
talk; conversation; dissertation or treatise; sermon. adv. —;

Disdainfulness, n.
;

— v. i. [-coursed (-korst'), -coursing.] To exer- Disease, diz-ez', n. Orig., lack of ease; uneasiness; a
cise reason: to talk or treat of in writing, in a formal morbid condition of body; sickness; disorder; dis-
—
manner. v. t. To utter or give forth. [OF. dis- temper; malady. —
v.*. To afflict with sickness,—
cours, L. discursus, a running about, conversation, used almost exclusively in the p. p. diseased.
f r. dis, apart, and currere, to run.] Discours'er, n. — Disembark, dis-em-bark', v. t. To put on shore,
— Discoursfve, -iv, a. Reasoning containing dia- ; land, debark. —
v. i. To go on land. Disem barka '- —
logue or conversation.— Discur'sive, -ker'siv, -sory, tion, n. Act of, etc.
-ser-Y, a. Discoursive-, rambling: digressive. Dis- — Disembarrass, dis-em-bar'ras, v. t. To
free from em-
cursively. adi\ —
Discur'sion, -shun, n. Expatia- barrassment or perplexity ; to clear. —
Disembar''-
tion; desultory talk: act of discoursing. rassment, n.
Discourteous, dis-kert'yus or -kerfe-us, a. Uncivil; Disembody, dis-em-bodf divest of the body,
, v. i. To
rude.— Discour'teously, adv. Discourfesy, -te-sl,— free from the flesh, discharge from military organi-
n. Rudeness of behavior or language. zation.
Discous. See under Disk. Disembogue, dis-em-bog', v. t. [-bogued (-bogd'),
Discover, dis-kuv'Sr, v. t. To remove the covering or -boguing.] To discharge at the mouth, as a stream;
envelope from, expose to view, make known; to ob- to vent. [Sp. desembocar, fr. des (L. dis), em (L. in),
tain for the first time sight or knowledge of, as of a and boca (L. bucca), _mouth.] — Disemboguefnent,
thing not known; to find out, disclose, reveal, im- -embouchure', -aN'boo-shoor', n. Discharge of the
part, detect, invent. —
Discoverable, a. Discov'- — waters of a river, etc. [F. bouche, mouth.]
erer, n. One who discovers; one who first findc out Disembowel, dis-em-bow'el, v. t. To take out the
an unknown country, or a new principle, truth, or bowels of, eviscerate, gut.
fact; an explorer. —
Discovery, -er-T, n. Act of, Disembroil, dis-em-broiK, v. t. To free from confusion,
etc.; thing discovered. disentangle.
Discredit, dis-kredft, n. Want of credit; act of dis- Disenable, dis-en-a'bl, v. t. To deprive of power, dis-
crediting, or state of being discredited; disgrace; re- able, disqualify.
proach. — v. t. To refuse to credit, disbelieve, de- Disenchant, dis-en-chant', v. t. To free from en-
prive of credibility or of credit, bring reproach upon. chantment or spells. —
Disenchant'er, n. Disen- —
— Discreditable, a. Tending to injure credit; dis- chantment, n.
graceful; disreputable. Disencumber, dis-en-kum'bSr, v. t. To free from en-
Discreet, dis-kref, a. Possessed of discernment or cumbrance or impediments. Disencum 'brance, n. —
discretion; wise in avoiding evil, and in adapting Disendow, dis-en-dow', v. t. To deprive of endow-
means to ends; circumspect; wary. [OF. discret, L. ment.
discretus, p. p. of discernere, to discern. See Dis- Disengage, dis-en-gaj', v. t. To release from some
cern.] — Discreetly, adv.— Discretion, -kresh'un, previous connection or engagement to liberate, ;

n. Quality of being discreet; sagacity; freedom to

—
free, extricate, disentangle, wean. v. i. To re- —
act according to one's own judgment. At discre- lease one's self, set one'sbecome de- self free,
tion. Without conditions or stipulations. Discre'- — tached.— Diseng; 'gedness, -ga'jed-nes, n. State of
tional, -ary. -er-I, n. Left to discretion; unrestrained being, etc. —
Disengage 'ment, -gaj'ment, n. Act of,
except by judgment. —Discre'tionally, -arily, adv. or state of being, etc.; freedom from engrossing
At or according to discretion. Discrete, -kref, a.— occupation; leisure.
Separate; distinct; disjunctive; containing a dis- Disennoble, dis-en-no'bl, v. t. To deprive of that
junctive clause, — opp. of concrete. Discrete move- — which ennobles,_lower, degrade.
ment of the voice. Aleap from one pitch to another. Disenroll, dis-en-rol", v. t. To erase from a roll or list.
— D. proportion. Proportion where the ratio of the Disentangle, dis-en-tan'gl, v. i. To free from entangle-
means is different from that of either couplet. Dis- — ment, extricate from complication or perplexity,
crefive, -tiv, a. Disjunctive; separating. unravel, clear, disengage. —
Disentanglement, n.
Discrepant, dis-krep-'ant, a. Discordant; at variance; Disenthrall. See Disinthrall.
disagreeing; different. [OF.; L. discrepans, p. pr. of Disenthrone, dis-en-thron', v. t. To deprive of a
discrepare. to differ in sound, fr. dis and crepare, to throne, dethrone. _
make a noise, crackle s. rt. decrepit.'] Discrep'-
; — Disentomb, dis-en-toom', v. t. To take out from a
ance, -ancy, -an-st, n. State or quahty of being, etc. tomb, disinter.
Discriminate, dis-krim'Y-nat, v. t. To separate, dis- Disestablish, dis-es-tab'lish, v. t. To unsettle or
tinguish; to mark as different, distinguish by a pe- break up what has been established. Disestab- —
culiar note or sign. —v. i. To make a difference; to lishment, n. Act^or process of, etc.
distinguish accurately. —
a. Distinguished; having Disesteem, dis-es-tem', n. Want of esteem; low re-
the difference marked. [L. discriminare, -atum, to gard disfavor.
; v. t.— To feel an absence of es-
divide, separate, fr. discrimen.a, space between, sep-
— teem for, regard with disapproval; to slight. Dis- —
aration, fr. discernere. See Discern.] Discrim''- es'timafion, n. Disesteem; disfavor.
inately, adv. Distinctly. —
Discrimfnateness, n. — Disfavor, dis-fa've'r, n. Want of favor disesteem; ;

Discrim / ina /'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; state of not being in favor; an unkindness; dis-
faculty of nicely distinguishing that which dis- obliging act. —
v. t. To withhold or withdraw favor
—
criminates; mark of distinction. —
Discrim'inative,
;

from, regard with disesteem. Disfa/vorer, n.

-tiv, a. Marking a difference; characteristic; observ- Disfigure, dis-fjg'ur, v. t. To mar the figure or appear-
ing distinctions: discriminating. ance of; to render less complete or beautiful, de-
Discrown, dis-krown', v. t. To deprive of a crown. face, injure. —
Disfig'urement, -uraf ion, n. Act of,
Discursion, Discursory, etc. See under Discourse. or state of being, etc. that which disfigures.
;

Discus, dis'kus. a. ; E.pl. Discuses L. pi. Disci, -si.
A quoit a disk. [L. See Disk.]
; -CHISING.J To deprive of a franchise or chartered
Discuss, dis-kus', v. t. [-cussed (-kust'), -cussing.]
To break up, disperse; to examine or consider by
disputation. {Law.) To exhaust a remedy against,
as against a debtor before proceeding against the
surety. [L. discutere, -cussum, to shake asunder, fr.
dis and quatere. to shake s. rt. quash.'] Discuss'er,
n. — ;
; Disfranchise, dis-fran'chiz, v. t. [-chised (-chizd),
right; to dispossess of the rights of a citizen, or of
a particular right, as of Voting, holding office, etc.
— Disfran r chisement, n.
Disgorge, dis-gOrj', v. t. [-gorged (-g6rjd , >, -gor-
ging.] To eject from the stomach, throat or mouth;
— to vomit to pour forth violently, as if from a

Discus'sion, -kush'un, n. Act or process of

;

mouth; to give up, make restitution of. —v. i. To

discussing; examination by argument; debate; dis- vomit forth what anything contains, make restitu-
Sutation. — Discussfve. -iv. a. Able or tending to tion. [OF. desgorger. See Gorge.] Disgorge'- —
iscuss.— Discu'tient, -shent, a. Serving to dis- ment, n. Act of disgorging; thing disgorged.
perse morbid matter. n. —
A medicine to disperse a Disgrace, dis-gras', n. Lack or loss of favor, support,
tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body. or countenance ignominy
; infamy that which ; ;

Disdain, dis- or diz-dan', v. t. [-dained (-dandO, brings dishonor; cause of shame; opprobrium; re-
-Daining.] To reject as not deserving notice to ; proach; dishonor.— v. t. [disgraced (-grasf), -gra-
look with scorn upon, contemn, despise, —v. i. To cing.] To deprive of favor, dismiss with dishonor,
be filled with contemptuous anger. n. A feeling — bring reproach or shame upon, degrade, defame,

sun, cube, full -,

moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 - ; ;

DISGRUNTLE 154 DISORGANIZE

debase.— Bringing disgrace
Disgrace'ful, -ful, a. quoit. (Astron.) The face of a celestial body.
or dishonor; shameful; ignominious. —Disgrace' (Bot.) The whole surface of a leaf; central part of
fully,adv. — Disgrace'fulness, n. — Disgra'cer, n. a radiate compound flower; a part of the receptacle
— Disgra'cious, -shus, a. Ungracious unpleasing. ; expanded under or around the pistil. [L. discus,
Disgruntle, dis-grun'tl, v. t. To disappoint, dis- quoit, plate, Gr. diskos, quoit, fr.
please, disconcert. dikein, to throw ; s. rt. desk, ^'iKfflffiX
Disguise, dis-gTz', v. t. [-guised (-gizd'), -guising.] dish.] Disc'ous, -us, -oid, -oid'—
To change the guise or appearance of; esp. to con- Disklike; circular, wide,
1

al, a.
ceal by an unusual dress, hide by a counterfeit ap- and flat. Discoid jlowers. {Bot.) —
pearance; to affect or change by liquor; to intoxi- Compound flowers, consisting of
cate.— n. Adress or exterior put on to deceive; tubular florets only, as the tansy.
artificial language or manner assumed for decep- Dislike, dis-lTk', n. Positive and
tion; change of manner by drink; slight intoxica- usually permanent aversion; an-
tion. [OF. desguiser. See Guise.] Disguis'edly, — tipathy; repugnance. v. t. To —
adv. In disguise. —
Disguia'er, n. have an aversion_to.
disgust, dis-gust', n. Repugnance to what is offen- Dislocate, dis'lo-kat, v. t. To dis-
sive aversion distaste dislike. v. t. To pro- — place, disjoint, put out of joint.
; ; ;

voke disgust in, offend the taste of, displease. a. Dislocated. — —

Dislocation, .,. —
Disgust'ful, -ful, a. Provoking disgust; nauseous. n. Act of, or state of being, etc. Discoid Flowers.
— Dlsgust'ingly, adv. In a manner to, etc. {Geol.) Displacement of rocks or portions of strata
Ktish, dish, n. A vessel used for serving up food; any from their original position. {Surg.) disjoint- A
particular kind of food; state of being concave or ing; luxation.
like a dish. —
v. t. [dished (disht), dishing.] To Dislodge, dis-loj', v. t. To drive from a lodge or place
put in a dish, for serving at table; to make like a of rest or repose, or of hiding or defense, v. i. To —
dish; to frustrate or disappoint. [Same as disk and go from a place of rest. Dislodg'ment, n. Act or —
desk, AS. disc, L. discus. See Disk.] Disb/ful, —
process of dislodging or state of being dislodged.
-ful, n.; pi. -fuls, -fulz. Contents of, etc. Dish '- —
Disloyal, dis-loi'al, a. Not loyal: false to allegiance;
cloth, -clout, n. A
cloth for wiping dishes. faithless; treacherous: perfidious; false in love; in-
Dishabille, dis-a-bil', n. Same as Deshabille. constant. Disloy'ally, adv. —
Disloy'alty, n. —
Dishearten, dis-hart'n, v. t. [-heartened (-hart 'nd), Want of loyalty or fidelity.
-ening.] To deprive of heart, courage, or hope; to Dismal, diz'mal, a. Gloomy to the eye or ear; sor-
dispirit, depress, deject. rowful and depressing to tfie feelings; dreary; dole-
Dishevel, dY-shev'l, v. t. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To dis- ful; sorrowful; melancholy. [Pern. fr. OF. dismal,
arrange or cause (the hair) to hang loose. [OF. des- LL. decimalis, decima, a tithe, fr. L. decern, ten, —
cheveter, f r. des (L. dis) and chevel (L. capillus), hair.] i. e., in tithing time.] Dis'mally, adv. —
Dishonest, diz- or dis-on'est, a. Wanting in honesty; Dismantle, dis-man'tl, r. t. To deprive of dress,
fraudulent; disposed to deceive characterized by strip, deprive of apparatus, furniture, equipments,
—
;

fraud. — Dishon'estly, adv. Dishon'esty, n. Want defenses, or fortifications.

of honesty, probity, or integrity; violation of trust; Dismast, dis-mast', v. t. To deprive of masts.
dishonor; unchastity; incontinence. Dismay, dis-ma', v. t. [-mayed (-mad'), -Maying.]
Dishonor, dis- or diz-on'gr, n. Want of honor; dis- To disable with alarm or apprehension to fill with
grace; ignominy; shame; reproach. v. t. To de- — distressing fear, daunt, appall. n. Loss of firm- —
;

prive of honor, bring reproach or shame on: to vio- ness and energy through fear; discouragement; ter-
late the chastity of, debauch, ravish to refuse to ror ; horror consternation. [Sp. desmayar, OF. es-
; ;

accept or pay, —
said of a draft or acceptance which mayer, It. smagare, orig. dismagare, fr. OHG. & AS.
is due and is presented. —
Dishonorable, a. Bring- magan, to be able, have might or power, E. may.] —
ing or deserving dishonor; shameful; base; want- Dismay'edness, n. State of being, etc.
ing in honor; disgraced. —
Dishon'orableness, n. —
Dismember, dis-mem'b§r? v. t. [-bered (-bSrd), -Ber-
Dishonorably, adv. —
Dishon'orer, n. ing.] To divide limb from limb, strip of essential
Disincline, dis-in-klin', v. t. To excite the dislike or parts, mutilate, sever. Dismem'berment, n. Act —
aversion of . —
Disin'clina'tion, n. State of being of, or state of being, etc; mutilation ; division; sep-
disinclined; unwillingness aversion repugnance. ; aration.
;

Disinfect, dis-in-fekt', v. t. To cleanse from infec- Dismiss, dis-mis', v. t. [-missed (-mist'), -missing.]
tion. —Disinfectant, n. That which, etc. Disin- —
To send away, cause or permit to go; to remove from
fection, n. Act of, etc. office, service, or employment to lay aside or re- ;

Disingenuous, dis-in-jen'u-us, a. Not noble: mean;
unworthy wanting in candor or frankness.
; Dis-
ingenuously, adv. —
Disingen'uousness, n.
Disinherit, dis-m-her'it, v. t. To cut off from hered-
ject, as a petition or motion in eourt. [L. dimittere,
—
-missum, fr. dis and mittere, missum, to send.] Di»- —
miss'al, -mis'sion, -mish'un.n. Act of dismissing;
leave to depart removal from employment dis- ; ;

itary right, deprive of an inheritance. Di3inher'- —

charge a setting aside as trivial or invalid.
; Dis- —
itance. -ison, -T-zn, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. miss'ive, -iv, a. Giving dismission, or leave to de-
Disintegrate, dis-in'te-grat, v. t. To separate into part. —
Dim'issory, -er-T. a. Dismissive; dismissing
integrant parts. —
Disin'tegrable, a. Disin'tegra'- — to anothi-r jurisdiction.
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Geol.) Dismount, dis-mownt', v. i. To come down, descend,
Wearing away of strata by atmospheric action. alight from a horse v. t To throw or bring down . — .

Disinter, dis-in-ter', v. t. To take out of the grave; from an elevation, place of honor and authority,
to bring out, as from hiding. —
Disinterment, n. etc. to throw or remove from a horse, or from a
;

Disinterested, dis-in't§r-est-ed, a. Not influenced by gun carriage to break the carriages of (pieces of ;

regard to personal advantage; free from self-inter- artillery).

est; unbiased; impartial indifferent.
; —
Disin'ter- Disobey, dis-o-ba', v. t. To neglect or refuse to obey
estodly, adv. —
Disin'terestedness, n. to break the commands of. v. i. To refuse obe- —
Disinthrall, dis-in-thrawl', v. t. To release from dience. —
Disobe'dience, -dt-ens, n. Neglect or re-
thraldom, emancipate. —
Disinthrall'ment, n. fusal, etc. —
Disobe'dient, a. Neglecting or refus-
Disjoin, dis-join', v. t. To part, disunite, separate. ing, etc. —
Disobe'diently, adv. —
v. i. To become separated, part. —Disjoint'', v. t. Disoblige, dis-o-blij', v. t. To offend by an act of un-
To put out of joint, dislocate; to separate at junc- kindness or incivility to be unaccommodating to.
— —
;

tures, break in pieces; to break the natural order Disobli'ger, n. Disobli'gingly, adv. DisoV- —
—
and relations of. v. i. To fall or break in pieces. liga'tion, n. Act of, etc. Disob'ligatory, -to-rT, a. —
— Disjoint'ly, adv. In a disjointed state. Dis- —
Releasing obligation.
junct', -junkt', a. Disjoined separated. ;
—
Dis- Disorder, dis-6r'dEr, n. Want of order neglect of ;

junction, n. Act of disjoining disunion a dis- system; breach of public order disturbance of the
—
; ; ;

junctive proposition. Disjunct'ive, -iv, a. Tend- peace of society disturbance of the functions of
ing to disjoin; separating; disjoining, n. {Gram.) —
the animal economy or of the mind malady; dis-
;

A disjunctive conjunction or proposition. Dis- temper. —

v. t. —
To disturb the order of, throw into
;

junctive conjunction. {Gram.) One connecting words confusion to make sick ; to disturb the regular
—
;

or clauses expressing an opposition or separation in operations of, derange, discompose. Disor'derly,

thought. —D. proposition. One in which the parts -IT, a. In a state of disorder. Disor'derliness, n. —
are connected by disjunctive conjunctions. Z>. —
Disorganize, dis-6r'gan-Iz, v. t. To break or destroy
syllogism. {Logic.) One in which the major propo- the organic structure or connected system of ; to
sition is d isjunctive. —Disjunctively, adv. throw into utter disorder. Disor'ganiz / er, n. — —
Disk, Disc, disk, n. A
flat, circular plate; a discus; Dieorganiza'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; End, eve, term ; in, ice ; Odd, tone, 3r
 DISOWN 155 DISREGARD
Disown, diz- or dis-on', v. t. To refuse to own or ac- miss, discard. Displace'' able, a. Displace 'ment, — —
knowledge to disavow, disclaim, renounce.
; n. Act of, or state ot being, etc.; quantity of water
Disparage, dis-par'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -aging.] displaced by a floating body, as by a ship. (Medical
To dishonor by comparison with what is inferior, Chem.) A process by which soluble substances are
injure by depreciating comparisons, decry, under- extracted from organic matter.
value, detract from, degrade. [OF. desparager, fr. Display, dis-pla', v. t. [-played (-plad'), -playing.]
des (L. dis) and parage (LL. paraticum, paragium), To unfold, spread wide; to exhibit, set in view os-
rank, fr. L. par, equal. See Peer.]— Dispar'age- tentatiously, parade, expand. n. An unfolding; —
ment, n. Injurious comparison with an inferior; exhibition manifestation parade. [Same as de- ;

indignity derogation disgrace.

; Disparager, n.
;
—
ploy ; OF. desploier, -pleier, to unfold, exhibit.fr.
;

Disparate, dis'pa-rat, a. Unequal unlike dissim- des (L. dis) and jdoier, phier, plier (L. jdicare), to
ilar. {Logic.) Pert, to 2 coordinate species or di-
;

fold s. rt. ply.]

;

DisplaySr, n. ;
—
visions. — Dis'parates, n. pi. Things so unlike that Displease, dis-plez', v. t. [-pleased (-plezd'), -pleas-
they cannot be compared with each other. [L. dis- ing.] Not to please to excite a feeling of disap- ;

par, unequal, unlike; dis and par.] Disparity, —

-par'T-tT, n. Difference in age, rank, condition, or
excellence dissimilitude
; disproportion. ;
Dispark, dis-park', v. t. To throw open, as a park; to
set at large, release.
Dispart, dis-parf, v. t. To part asunder, divide, sep-
arate.— v. i. To separate, open, cleave.
The difference between the thickness of metal at Dispose, dis-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd r ;, -posing.]
the mouth and at the breech of a piece of ordnance;
a piece of metal, cast on the muzzle, to make the
line of sight parallel to the bore. v. t.
probation or dislike in, make angrv, offend, disgust,
vex, affront. Displeas'ure, -plezh'er, n. The —
feeling of one displeased; slight anger or irritation;
that which displeases.
Disport, dis-port', n. Play; pastime; diversion, —v. i.
To play, sport. v. t. To divert or amuse. [OF. des- —
n. (Gun.) —
porter, fr. des and porter, L. portare, to carry.]
To distribute and put in place, set in order, regulate;
to assign to a service or use, bestow for an object or
To allow —
purpose to give a tendency or inclination esp. to ; ;

for the dispart in, when aiming to do away with ; incline the mind of .—[OF. aisjx)ser, fr. dis and poser,
the dispart of, by making the diameter of the base- to place. See Pose.] To dispose of. To determine —
ring and swell of the muzzle equal. the fate of, exercise the power of control over to ;

Dispassion, dis-pash'un, n. Freedom from passion.— pass over into the control of s*>me one else: to part
Dispassionate, a. Free from, or not dictated by, with, get rid of .— Disposed', -pozd', j>. a. Inclined;
gassion cool temperate
; ; impartial ; unruffled. minded. ; Disposer, n. —
Dispos'able, a. Subject — —
lispasSionately, adv. to disposal liable to be made use of. Dispos'al, ; —
Dispatch, dis-pach'', Despatch', v. t. [-patched -sure, -zhur, n. Act or power of, etc.; direction; dis-
(-pachtO, -patching.] To send off on a special er- tribution."— Disposition, -zish'un, n. Act of, or
rand, usually in haste; to get rid of by sending off state, or manner of being, etc. ; arrangement or- ; ;

put out of the way; esp. to put to death, kill; to dis- der; tendency to any action or state resulting from
pose of, as business. v. i. To make haste. n. natural constitution natural aptitude e»f mind or ;

The sending of a messenger in haste any sending acquired aptitude or ciiaracter moral character.
; ;

away rapid performance, as of business prompt- Dispossess, dis-pos-ses'' or -poz-zes', v. t. To put out
; ;

ness; speed; a message sent off, esp. from one public of possession, eject. — Dispossession, -sesh'un or
officer to another. [OF. despescher, fr. des and -zesh'un, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. (Law.)
pescher, to hinder, LL. pedicare, f r. pedica, a fetter, An injury to real property which consists of a dep-
fr. pes, pedis, a foot.] —
Dispatcher, n.— Dispatch'- rivation of possession.
ful, -ful, a. Bent on haste indicating haste. ; Dispraise, dis-praz', n. Detraction from praise cen- :

Dispauper, dis-paw'per, v. t. (Law.) To deprive of sure; reproach; disparagement.— v.t. To withdraw

a pauper's claim to public support, or of capacity of praise from; to censure, blame. DispraisSr. n. —
suing in forma pauperis. Dispread, dis-pred', v. t. To spread abroad, expand
Dispel, dis-peK, v. t. [-pelled (-peld r ), -pelling.] widely. v. i. To expand, be spread. —
To drive away, banish, dissipate. [L. dis and pel- Disproof. See under Disprove.
fere, to drive.] Disproportion, dis-pro-porShun, n. Want of propor-
Dispense, dis-pens', v. t. [-pensed (-pensf), -pen- tion or symmetry, of suitableness or adequacy. —
sing.] To deal or divide out in portions; to apply, v. t. To make unsuitable, mismatch. Dispropor- —
as laws, to particular cases; to administer, carry out. tionate, -tional, -tionate, a. Unsuitable; inade-
— v.t. To permit neglect or omission, suspend op- quate. Dispropor'tionabiy, -ally, -ately, adv. —
eration, followed by with. [Same as spend; OF. dis- Disprove, dis-proov', v. t. To prove to be false or er-
penser, L. dispensare, to weigh out, dispense, fr. dis- roneous: to confute, refute. DisprovSr, n. Dis- — —
pendere, -penswtn, to spread, expand, fr. dis and pan-
/,
prov able, a. Disproof', n. Act of, etc. ; convic- —
dere, to spread.] —
Dispens^er, n. Dispensable, a. — tion of error refutation. :

Capable of being dispensed or administered, of be- Dispute, dis-puf, v. i. To contend in argument, argue
ing dispensed with. —
Dispensary, -sa-rT, n. A
a question for and against, discuss, debate to
place in which medicines and medical advice are strive in opposition to a competitor. v. t. To — ;

given gratis to the poor shop in which medicines

; argue for and against, discuss to struggle for the ;

are prepared. —Dispensation, n. Act of dispen- possession of to oppose by argument, call in ques-
—
;

sing or dealing out thing dispensed

; esp. ( Theol.), tion, controvert, doubt, argue, impugn.
; n. Con-
a system of principles, promises, and rules ordained troversy debate struggle altercation. [OF dis-; ; ;

and administered. The granting of a license, or the li- puter, L. disputare, -atum, from dis and putare, to
cense itself, to do what is forbidden.— DispenSative, think, orig. to make clean, clear up.] Dispufer, —
•tiv, a. Granting dispensation. DispenSatively, — Dis'putant, n. One who, etc.— Disputable, a. Ca-
adv. — Dis'pensa/tor, n. A
distributor; dispenser, pable of being, etc. controvertible. Dis'putable- ; —
— DispenSatory, -to-rt, a. Granting, or authorized ness, n. Disputa'tion, n. Act of, etc. argumenta- — ;

to grant, dispensations. n. book of directions A tion.— Disputatious, -shus, Disput Stive, -putS-tiv,
for compounding medicines; a pharmacopoeia. a. Inclined to dispute apt to cavil or controvert. ;

Dispeople, dis-pe'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To Disqualify, dis-kwoKT-fi, v. t. To render unfit, inca-
depopulate. pacitate to deprive of legal capacity, power, or ;

Dispermous, di-sperm'us, a. (Bot.) Containing 2 right. —

Disqual / ifica /'tion, n. Act of,' or state of
seeds only. [Gr. dis, twice, and sperma, seed.] being, etc.; disability; esp. legal disabilitv; depriva-
Disperse. dis-pers', v. t. [-persed (-pgrsf), -pers- tion of legal right or capacity; want of qualification;
ING.] To scatter here and there; to spread, asknowl- that which disqualifies.
edge, light, etc., diffuse, disseminate to cause to Disquiet, dis-kwiSt, n. Want of quiet or tranquillity;
—
;

vanish or separate. v. i. To separate, vanish, be uneasiness; restlessness; anxiety, —v. t. To render

dispelled. [L. dispergere,-spersum, to scatter abroad,
fr. dis and spargere. to scatter s. rt. sparse.] Dis-
;
persed harmony. (Mus.) Harmony of such a na-
ture that the tones composing the chord are widely Disquisition, dis-kwY-zish'un, n. A systematic in-
separated, as by an octave or more. Diapers'' er, n.
— DisperSion, n. Actof, or stateof being, etc. (Opt.)
Separation of light into its different colored rays.
Dispirit, dis-pir^it, v. t. To depress the spirits of
unquiet, make uneasy, disturb. DisquiSter, n. —
—
DisquiStness, -etude, -tud, n. Want of peace or
tranquillity; disturbance; agitation; anxiety.
—
quiry into, or discussion of, any subject; elaborate
argumentative essay; dissertation; an immethodical
discussion. [L. disquirere, -quisitum, to examine, fr.
dis and qvserere, to seek. See Query.] ;

dishearten, depress, daunt, frighten. Disregard, dis-re-gard', v. t. Not to regard; to pay no

Displace, dis-plas', v. t. To change the place of, re- heed to, neglect, slight. n. Act of, or state of —
move, put out of place to discharge, depose, dis-
; being, etc.; omission to notice. Disregard Sr, n. —
eon, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ;;
DISRELISH
Disrelish, dis-rel'ish, n. "Want of relish; distaste; aver-
sion; bad taste; nauseousness. v. t. —
Not to relish;
to feel disgust at; to make nauseous.
Disrepute, dis-re-put', -rep'uta'tion, n. Loss or want
of reputation or credit; disesteem; dishonor; dis-
grace. — Disrep/utable, a. Not reputable; tending
to bring into discredit; low; mean; shameful. Dis-
rep'utably, adv.
Disrespect, dis-re-spekf, n. Want of respect or rev-
erence; incivility; irreverence. v. t. —
To show dis-
respect to. —
Disrespectful, -ful, a. Wanting in re-
spect; uncivil. —
Disrespecffuily, adv.
Disrobe, dis-rob', v. t. To divest of a robe, or of that
—
which clothes or decorates. Disrob'er, n.
Disrupt, dis-rupt', a. Rent asunder; broken. [L. dis
and rumpere, -ruptum, to break, burst.] Disrup'-
tion, -ture, -chur, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.—
Disruptive, -iv, a. Causing, or accompanied Dy, etc.
Dissatisfy, dis-safis-fi, r. t. To render unsatisfied or
discontented; to displease. —
DissaVisfac'tion, n.
State or condition of being dissatisfied or discon-
tented; displeasure; disapprobation; dislike. Dis-
sat'isfaC'tory, -to-ri, a. Causing dissatisfaction.
Dissect, dis-sekt', v. t. To cut in pieces, as an animal
or vegetable, to examine the structure and use of
its parts; to anatomize; to analyze into its constit-
uent parts, for purposes of science or criticism. [L.
dis and secare, section, to cut.] —
Dissecfible, a.
Capable of being dissected. —
Dissec'tion, n. Act of
dissecting, or of separating into constituent parts
for critical examination. —Dissect'' or, -Sr, n.
Disseize, dis-sez', v. t. (Law.) To deprive of actual
seizin or possession ; to dispossess wrongfully.
Disseizee', -se-ze', n. One disseized, or put out of
possession of an estate unlawfully. —
Dissei'zin, n.
Unlawful dispossessing of one actually seized of the
freehold. —Disseizor, n. (Law.) One who, etc.
Dissemble, dis-sem'bl, v. t. [-sembled (-bid), -bung.]
To hide under a false semblance, put an untrue ap-
pearance upon, disguise, mask; to make pretense
of, feign, dissimulate, cloak, cover. v. i. con-—
ceal the real fact, motives, intention, or sentiments,
under some pretense. [OF. dis and sembler, to ap-
pear. See Dissimulate, under Dissimilar.] Dis-
sembler, n. One who,_etc; a hypocrite.
Disseminate, dis-sem r Y-nat, v. t. To sow, as seed: to
scatter for growth and propagation to spread or ex-;
tend by dispersion, diffuse, circulate, disperse. [L.
dis and seminare, -natum, to sow, fr. semen, seed.]
Dissem'ina'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
diffusion dispersion. —
Dissem'inative, -tiv, a.
Tending
;
to, etc. — Disseminator, n.
Dissent, dis-sent', v. i. To differ in opinion, disagree.
(Eccl.) To differ from the established church. To
be of a contrary nature. —
n. Act of dissenting; dif-
ference of opinion; disagreement. (Eccl.) Separa-
tion from an established church, esp. that of Eng-
i
land. [L. dis and sentire, to feel, think, judge.]
Dissenta'neous, -ne-us, a. Disagreeing; contrary.—
Dissent 'er, n. One who dissents; esp. one, not a
Roman Catholic, who separates from the church of
England; a dissident.— Dissen'tient, -shent, a. Dis-
agreeing; declaring dissent. n. One who, etc.—
Dissen'sion, -shun, n. Violent disagreement in
opinion; breach of friendship and union; strife.
Dissertation, dis-ser-ta'shun, n. A
formal or elabo-
rate discourse, disquisition, essay. [L. dissertare,
-tatum, to debate, freq. of disserere : to set asunder,
discuss, fr. dis and serere, to join, bind.]
Disserve, dis-serV, v. t. To injure, hurt, harm.—
DisserVice, -is, n. Injury; mischief .— DiBserV-
iceable, a. Unserviceable; harmful; injurious.
Dissever, dis-seVSr, v. t. To part in two, divide asun-
der, sever. [OF. dessevrer, fr. dis and sevrer, L. sep-
arare, to sever.] —
DisseVerance, n. Act of, etc.
Dissident, dis'sY-dent, a. Not agreeing; dissenting.—
n. (Eccl.) One who separates from the established
religion; a dissenter. [L. dissidens, p. pr. of dissi-
dere, to sit apart, disagree, fr. dis and sedere, to sit.]
— Dis'sidence, n. Disagreement; dissent.
Dissilient, dis-siKT-ent or -yent, a. Bursting and
opening with an elastic force. [L. dissiliens, p. pr.
of dissUire, to leap or burst asunder, fr. dis and sa-
tire, to leap.]— DissiKience, n. Act of leaping or
starting asunder.
Dissimilar. dis-sim'T-lgr, a. Unlike; heterogeneous.
—Dissim ilar , ity, -lar'T-tT, n.— Want of resemblance
/ have relish for; to dislike the taste of, loathe.
unlikeness; dissimilitude. Dissim'ilarly, -ler-lY,
adv. — Dis'simiKitude, -tad, n. Want of similitude;
unlikeness dissimilarity. (Rhet.) A comparison
;
by contrast. — DissiiVulate, -lat, v. To dissemble,
i.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
—
156 DISTEMPER
feign. [OF. dissimuler, L. dissimula.re, fr. dis and
similis, like.] —
Dissim / ula''tion, n. Act of, etc.
Dissipate, dis'sT-pat, v. t. To drive asunder; to de-
stroy by wasteful extravagance, scatter, spend,
squander, consume, lavish. v. i. —
To separate and
disappear, waste away, vanish; to be extravagant,
— wasteful, or dissolute in the pursuit of pleasure.
[L. dissipare, -patum, fr. dis and obs. supare, to
throw.] — Dissipation, n. Act of dissipating or
dispersing; state of dispersion; a dissolute course of
life profuseness in vicious indulgences a trifle
;
distracting attention^ state of distracted attention.
;
Dissociate, dis-so'sht-at, v. t. To separate, disunite.
[L. dis and sociare, to unite, f r. socius, a companion.]
— Disso'cia'tion, -shT-a'shun, n. Act of dissocia-
— ting; state of separation; disunion. (Chem.) Decom-
position of chemical bodies effected by heat or me-
chanical force, without intervention of chemical at-
traction. — Disso'ciable, -sha-bl, a. Not well as-
sorted; incongruous; unsuitable to society. Disso'- —
cial, -shal, a. Unfriendly to society.
— Dissolve, diz-zolV, v. t. [-solved (-zolvd'), -solv-
ing.] To separate into component parts; to break
the continuity of, disconnect; to convert into a liq-
uid, melt, liquefy; to destroy the power of; to ter-
minate, cause to disappear. (Law.) To annul, re-
scind. — v. i. To waste away, be dissipated; to be
come fluid, be melted; to fade away, vanish. [L.
dis and solvere, solutum, to loose.] —
Dissolved blood.
(Med.) That which does not readily coagulate.
DissolVable, a. —
DissolVent, a. Having power to
melt or dissolve. —
n. That which has, etc.; a men-
— struum; solvent. —
DissolVer, n. —Dissoluble, dis'«
so-lu-bl, a. Capable of being dissolved, liquefied,
or disunited. —
Dis'solute, -hit, a. Abandoned to
vicious pleasures; wanton; vicious; licentious; lewd;
debauched.
— —
Dissolutely, adv.— Dissoluteness, n.
Dissolution, n. Act of dissolving, sundering, or
separating into component parts ; change from a
solid to a fluid state; change of form by chemical
To agency; dispersion of an assembly by terminating
its sessions; breaking up of a partnership; extinc-
tion of life; state of being dissolved; destruction.
— Dissonant, dis'so-nant, a. Discordant; unharmonious;
disagreeing; incongruous. [L. dissonans, p. pr. of
dissonare, to be discordant, fr. dis and sonare, to
sound.] — DisSonance, -nancy, -sY, n. A mingling
of discordant sounds; jargon; want of agreement;
— incongruity; inconsistency.
Dissuade, dis-swad', v. t. To advise or exhort against.
[OF. dissuader, L. dissuadere, -suasum, fr. dis and
suadere, to persuade.] Dissuad'er, n. — Dissua'- —
sion, -zhun, n. Act of dissuading exhortation
—
;
against a thing; a dissuasive. Dissuasive -siv, a.
Tending to dissuade.— n. An argument, or coun-
sel, employed to deter one from a measure.
Dissyllable, dis-siKla-bl, n. A
word of 2 syllables
—
only. [OF. dissyllabe, L. disyllabus, Gr. disullabos,
Gr. di and suitable, syllable.] —
Dissyllabic, a. Con-
sisting of, etc.
Distaff, dis'taf, n. ; pi. Distaffs. The
staff for holding the flax, tow, or
wool, from which thread is drawn in
spinning by hand; the holder of a
distaff; a woman. [AS. distsef.']
Distain, dis-tan', v. t. [-iained
(-tand'), -taining.] To stain, sully,
disgrace. [OF. desteindre, fr. des (L.
dis) and teindre (L. tingere), to tinge,
dye.]
Distant, dis'tant, a. Separate; far sep- T)i st a ff
arated; remote,— in place, time, con-
sanguinity, etc. reserved in manners; cold; faint,
;
obscure, —
.is from distance. [OF.; L. distans, p. pr.
of distare, to stand apart, fr. dis and stare, to stand.]
— Distantly, adv. —
Dis'tance, -tans, n. Space be-
tween two objects; remoteness of place; interval of
time; respect; ceremoniousness. v. t. [distanced—
(-tanst), -tancing.] To place at, or cause to appear
as if at, a distance; to leave behind in a race, sur-
pass, excel. —
Angular distance. The angle of sep-
aration between the directions in which two bodies
are seen; apparent distance.
Distaste, dis-tasf, n. Aversion of the taste; dislike
of food or drink; disrelish; disgust; alienation of af-
fection; displeasure; dissatisfaction. v.t. Not to —
Dis- —
taste'ful, -ful, a. Unpleasant to the taste; displeas-
ing to the feelings; nauseous; offensive; repulsive;
manifesting dislike. —
Distastefully, adv.
Distemper, dis-tem /'per, n. A morbid state of the
; end, eve, t§rm ; In, Ice ; odd. tone, dr ;
 DISTEND 15; DIVAN
animal system, — esp. of brutes; humor, or bad
ill — Distressful, -iul, a. Inflicting, indicating, or pro-
temper. (Paint.) A preparation of opaque or body ceeding troin, distress.
colors, with size instead of oil; destemper. — v. i. Distribute, dis-trib'Qt, v. t. To divide among sev-
[distempered (-perd), -pering.] To derange the eral ; to dispense, administer, apportion, allot, as-
functions of, whether bodily or mental, bring dis- sign; to divide or separate, as into classes, orders,
ease upon; to disturb, make ill-humored. (Paint.) etc. —v. i. To make distribution. [L. dis and tri-
—
To make into distemper. Distem'perature. -chur, buere, tributum, to impart. See Tribute.] —
Dis-
n. Commixture of contrarieties; confusion; dis- tributer, n. — Distributable, a. — Distribution, ».
turbance; slight illness; mental uneasiness. Act of distributing or dispensing; almsgiving; sepa-
Distend, dis-tend', v. t. To lengthen out, stretch or ration into parts or classes; classification; arrange-
spread in all directions, dilate, expand, swell. v. i. — ment of topics in a discourse. (Print.) The sepa-
To become expanded or inflated. [L. dis and ten- ration of type, and placing each letter in its proper
dere, to stretch.]— Distensible, -si-bl, a.— Disten- box. — Distributive, -tiv, a. Tending to distribute
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; space occu- dealing to each his share. (Logic.) Assigning the
pied by the thing distended. various species of a general term. (Gram.) Express-
Distich, dis'tik, n. (Pros.) A
couple of verses mak- ing separation or division. —
Distrib'utively, adv.
ing complete sense; a couplet of 2 lines, of different District. See under Distrain.
kinds of verse, repeated in the same order. [Gr. Distrust, dis-trust', v. t. Not to confide in or rely
disticfton, f r. dis, twofold, and stichos, row, rank.] — upon; to mistrust, disbelieve. n. —
Doubt of re-
Dis'tich, -tichous, -us, a. Having, or disposed in, 2 ality or sincerity; suspicion of evil designs. Dis- —
rows; two-ranked. trustful, -iul, a. Apt to distrust; suspicious; dif-
Distill. dis-tiK, v. i. [-tilled (-tildO, -tilling.] To fident; modest. —
Distrustfully, adv.
fall in drops, flowgently; to use a still, practice dis- Disturb, dis-terb', v. t. [-turbed (-terbd'), -turb-
tillation.—?), t. To
let fall in drops; to subject to, ing.] To throw into confusion; to interfere with,
or obtain by, distillation; to rectify, purify. [L. dis terminate abruptly; to agitate the mind of render .

and stillare, -atum, to drop, fr. stiXla, a drop.] Dis- — uneasy, discompose, perplex, trouble. [OF. des-
tilKer, n. —Distill'able, a. —
Distilla'tion, n. Act tourber, L. disturbare, fr. dis and turbare, to dis-
of falling in drops ; operation of extracting spirit turb, fr. turba, a crowd, tumult. See Turbid.] —
from a substance Dy evaporation and condensation; Disturb'ance, -ans, a. Derangement of the regular
rectificationsubstance extracted by distilling.
;
— course of things confusion of the mind public
; ;

Destructive distillation. (Chem.) Distillation of sub- commotion; brawl; disorder. (Law.) Interruption
stances at very high temperatures. Distill 'ery, — of a right. —Disturb'' er, n.
-er-Y, n. Works where distilling is carried on. Disunite, dis-u-nit', v. t. To destroy the continuity
Distinguish, dis-tin'gwish, v. t. [-guished (-gwisht), or union of; to break the concord of, divide, sever,
-guishing.] To separate or recognize by visible sunder, separate. —
v. i. To part, become separate.
marks; to separate by definition of terms or logical — Disu'nity, -nT-ti, n. State of separation. Dis- —
division of a subject; to recognize by characteristic union, -un'yun, n. Termination of union; a breach
qualities; to make to differ, discriminate; to make of concord and its effect; in U. S., severance by any
eminent or known, honor. v. i. —
To make dis- State of connection with the Federal government.
tinctions, exercise discrimination. [OF. distinguer, — Disun'ionist, n. An advocate of disunion.
L. distinguere, distinction, to distinguish, mark with Disuse, dis-us', n. Cessation of use, practice, or ex-
a prick, fr. dis and obs. stinguere, to prick; s. rt. Gr. ercise; cessation of custom desuetude. Disuse, —
—
;

stizein, to prick, E. sting.] Distin'guisher, n.— Dis- -uz', v. t. [-used (-iizd'), -using.] To cease to use
tinguishable, «.— Distinguished, -gwisht, p. a. or practice, desist from employing; to disaccustom.
Having distinction; eminent; noted; illustrious.— — Disu'sage, -zej, n. Gradual cessation of use, etc.
Distinguishing, p. a. Constituting difference, or Ditch dich, n. A trench in the earth, esp. one for
distinction from everything else peculiar char- draining wet land, for fencing incloeures, etc.; a
acteristic. —Distinct, dis-tinkt'', a. Having the dif-
; ;

fosse or moat. See Ravelin, v. t. —

[ditched
ference marked distinguished spotted varie- (dicht), ditching.] To dig a ditch in.—?;. To ?'.
;

—
; ;

gated; separate in place; not united by growth or make a ditch. [Same as dike, q. v.] Bitch'er, n.
otherwise different
; individual not to be con-
; ; One who digs ditches.
founded with any other thing; definite; clear; ob- Ditheism, di'the-izm, n. Doctrine of the existence of
vious. —Distinct'ly, adv. —
Distincfness, n. Dis- — 2 gods, good and evil; dualism. [Gr. dis, double,
tinction, n. Marking off by visible signs divis- ;
—
and theos, god.] Ditheist'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
ion discrimination distinguishing quality
; ; esti- ; Dithyramb, dith'T-ram, ram'bus, n. An ancient
mation of difference; conspicuous station; superi- Greek hymn in honor of Bacchus. [Gr. Dithuram-
ority; rank; note; eminence. —
Distinctive, -iv, a. bos, a name of Bacchus, a hymn in his honor.] —
Marking or expressing distinction. Distinctively, — Dithyram'bic, a. Pert, to, or like, etc.; wild, im-
adv. With distinction; plainly. petuous, and boisterous. n. —dithyramb A a ;

Distort, dis-tdrf, v. t. To twist out of natural shape, poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains.
force out of the true posture or direction, wrest Ditone, di'ton, n. (Mus.) An interval comprehend-
from the true meaning, deform, pervert, bend. [L. ing 2 whole tones. [Gr. dis and tonos, a tone.]
dis and torquere, tortum, to twist.] Distortion, n. — Dittany, dit'ta-nY, n. (Bot.) An aromatic perennial
Act of, or state of being, etc.; visible deformity.— plant, whose leaves smell like lemon-thyme, and
Distort' ive, -iv, a. Causing or having distortions. yield an essential oil. [OF. dictame, Gr. diktamnbs,
Distract, dis-trakt', v. t. To perplex, confuse to ; the herb growing on Mt. Dicte, in Crete.]
agitate by conflicting passions; to render insane, Ditto, dit'to, *»ntr. Do., n. That which has been
craze, —used in the p. p. [L. dis and trahere, trac- said; the aforesaid thing; same thing. adv. As —
tum, to draw s. rt. draw. ]
;
—
Distraction, n. Con- before; in the same manner; also. [It.; L. dictum,
fusion of attention, or of affairs perturbation of ; thing said, fr. dicere, to say.]
mind; a state of disordered reason. —Distract 'ive, Ditty, dit'tY, n. A song; esp. a little poem to be sung.
-iv, a. Causing perplexity. —
Distraught', -trawt', [OF. ditie, a kind of poem, fr. L. dictatum, thing
a. Distracted. dictated, fr. dictare, to dictate.]
Distrain, dis-tran', v. t. [-trained (-trand'), -train- Diuresis, di-u-re'sis, n. (Med.) Excretion of urine.
ing.] (Law.) To seize for debt, without legal pro- [Gr. dia, through, and ouron, urine.] Diuret'ic, —
cess. [OF. destraindre, L. distringere, -strictum, to a. Exciting the secretion and discharge of urine. —
pull asunder, fr. dis and stringere, to hurt, com- n. A medicine which, etc.
press, strain.] — Distrainor, -e"r, n. — Dis'trict,
n. Diurnal, di-er'nal, a. Pert, to the daytime; daily;
A defined portion of a state or city for legislative, recurring every day; performed in a day; constitu-
elective, or other purposes; portion of territory of ting the measure of a day. (Bot.) Opening during
undefined extent; quarter; tract; region; country. the day, and closing at night. n. —
book of the A
— v.t. To divide into districts. [OF. I>L. districtus, ; daily service of the Rom. Cath. Church for the
a district, orig., within which a lord may distrain.] — "little hours." [L. diurnalis, fr. dies, a day; same
Disti-ict court. U. S. A subordinate tribunal hav- as journal.] —
Diur'nally, adv. Daily; every day.
ing jurisdiction over certain cases within a judicial Diutumal, di-u-ter'nal, a. Of long continuance last-
district. — Distress', n. Extreme suffering, of body ing. [L. diuturnus, fr. diu, a long time, old
;

abl.
or mind; that which occasions suffering state of ; form of dies, day. J
danger or necessity. (Law.) The act of distraining; Divan, dY-van', n. A book; collection of poems; ac-
thing taken by distraining. v. t. —
[distressed count-book a council
; the Turkish council of
;

(-tresf), -tressing.] To cause pain or anguish to. state; royal court; court of justice; office for cus-
( Law.) To seize for debt, distrain. [OF. distresse.] toms; the council chamber; audience chamber; sa-

eun, cube, full ; moon, fotit ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ;

DIVARICATE 158 DOCIMACY

loon for company; a kind of cushioned seat. rPer. -zer, n. (Arith.) The number by which the div-
and Ar.] idend is divided. —
Common divisor. Any number
Divaricate, di-varT-kat, v. i. To part into 2 branches; dividing 2 or more numbers without a remainder.
to open., fork, diverge from. v. t. Divine, dY-vIn', a. Pert, to, proceeding from, or ap-
To divide into 2 branches. a. — propriated to God, or celebrating his praise; above
(Bot.) Widely divergent. [L. dis and what is human superhuman; godlike ; holy; sa-
varicare, -eatum, to spread apart,
;

cred; pert, to divinity or theology. n. priest; — A

straddle, fr. varus, bent apart.] Di- — clergyman; one skilled in divinity, theologian.—
var^ica'tion, re. A
parting; forking; v. t. [divined (-vind'), -vining.] To foresee or
wide divergence equivocation.
; foreknow, foretell, presage, prognosticate. v. i. —
(Nat. Hist.) Intersection of fibers To practice divination, impart presages of the fu-
at different angles. ture, have presages or forebodings, guess or con-
Dive, div, v. i. [dived (divd), di- jecture. [OF. divin, devin, divine, also a diviner or
ving.] To descend or plunge into augur, theologian, deviner, to divine, predict L.
water head first; to plunge thorough- divinus, divine, s. rt. divus, godly, dews, God.]
;

—
ly into any business or condition; to Divin'er, re. One who practices divination. Di- —
sink, penetrate. [AS. dyfan, dufan, vina'tion, re. Act or art of divining or foretelling
Ic. dtjfa ; s. rt. dip.] —
Di'vef re. future events; augury; omen. Divinely, adv. In —
One who dives, or who goes deeply
,

a godlike manner; by the agency of God. Divin'- —

into a business. (Ornitft.) bird A ing-rod, re. A
forked rod, commonly of hazel, used
of certain genera, given to diving. —
Di'ving-bell, re. by seekers for water or metals under ground. —
A hollow vessel, orig. bell-shaped, air-tight, except Divinity, -vin'Y-tY, re. State of being divine ; god-
at the bottom, in which one mavgo into deep water. head; the Deity; God; a false god; a celestial being,
— Dive'dapper, re. (Ornith.) The didapper, q. v. inferior to God, but superior to man; supernatural
Diverge, di-verj'", v. i. [-verged (-vend'), -ver- power or virtue; awe-inspiring character; supreme
ging.] To tend from a common point indifferent dignity; science of divine things; theology.
directions; to deviate gradually from a given line; Divisible, Division, etc. See under Divide.
to vary from a type, or a normal state, or from the Divorce, dY-vors r , re. (Law.) legal dissolution of A
truth. [L. dis and vergere, to incline, tend, verge.] the marriage contract; separation of a married wom-
—
—A
Diverge'ment, Divergence, -gency, -sT, n. re- an from the bed and board of her husband ; separa-
ceding from each other in radiating lines. Di- tion of things closely united ; the sentence or writ-
vergent, a. Deviating gradually, etc. ing dissolving marriage.— v. t. [divorced (-vorst'),
Divert, d I- vert', v. t. To turn off from any course, -vorcing.] To separate by divorce, disunite, sun-
direction, or intended application to turn from der. [OF.; L. divortium, a divorce, fr. divortere, a
;

business or study; to please, amuse, entertain, rec-
reate. [OF. divertir, L. divertere, -versum, fr. dis
—
and vertere, to turn.] Divert'er, n. Divers, di r -
verz, a. Several; sundry; more than one, but not
—
many. Di 'verse, -vers, a. Different in kind; un-
like dissimilar, — adv. In different directions.—
;
form of divertere, to separate. See Divert.] —
Divorce'able, a. —
Divorce'ment, n. Divorce. - Di-
— vorcer, re. Person or cause producing divorce. —
Divor'cive, -siv, a. Having power to divorce.
Divulge, dY-vuli', v. t. [-vulged (-vuljdO, -vulging.]
To make public, disclose, impart. [F. diuulguer, L.

Diversely, adv. In different ways, or directions. — divulgare, fr. dis and vulgare, to make common, fr.
Diversity, -tT, re. A state of difference unlike- vulgus, the common people.] Divul'ger, n. —
ness; multiplicity of difference; variety. Diver '- — ;

Divulsion, dY-vuKshun, re. Act of plucking away ; a

sion, -shun, re. Act of turning aside, from any oc- rending asunder. [L. divulsio, f r. ais and vellere, vuv-
cupation, object, etc.; that which diverts from care sum, to pluck.] —
Divul'sive, -siv, a. Tending to, etc.
or amuses; solace; recreation; sport. (Mil.) Act diz'n or di'zn, v. t. [dizened (-znd), dizen-
of drawing the attention and force of an enemy ing.] To dresss gaudily, deck, overdress. [ME. dysyn,
from the principal point of attack. —
Divertlve, -iv, to put flax on (distaffs), hence to clothe, deck.]
a. Tending to divert ; amusing. — Diver'sify, -fT, Dizzy, diz'Y, a. Having a sensation of vertigo; giddy;
v.t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make diverse or confused indistinct causing giddiness unreflect-
various in form or qualities. [F. diversifier, LL.
;

ing; heedless, — ;

v. t. To make giddy, confuse. [AS.

;

diversificare, f r. L. diversus and facere. to make.] — dysig, silly, OD. duyzigh, dizzy.] Diz'ziness, re. —
Diver'sifica'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.— Djinn, jin, n. See Jinnee.
Diver'sified, -fid, p. a. Distinguished by various Do, do, n. (Mus.) A
syllable attached to the 1st tone
forms, or by a variety of aspects. —
Diver'siform, of the major diatonic scale for solmization.
-f6rm, a. Of a different form; of varied forms. [L. Do, doo, v. t. or auxiliary, [imp. did p. p. donk
form.] — Divertisement,
;

forma, (dun) doing.] To perform, execute, make to

de-verliz-moN, re. ; ;

A ballet, etc., between acts of longer pieces. [F.] produce, as an effect or result to perform com- ;

Divest, dY-vest', v. t. To strip, as of clothes, arms, or pletely, finish, accomplish to cook completely to ; ;

equipage; to deprive. [L. dis and vestire, to clothe, translate or transform into, as a written text; to de-
f r. vestis, garment.] —
Divestiture, -Y-chur, n. Act ceive, play a trick upon, hoax, humbug. (Stock
of, or state of being, etc. Exchange.) To cash or advance money for, as a
Divide, dY-vId', v. t. To sever into parts; to cause to bill or note. v. i. —
To act or behave to fare to ; ;

be separate; to make partition of among a number, be in a state with regard to health. [AS. don (imp.
apportion; to make discordant or hostile; toseparate dyde, p. p. gedon), D. doen (imp. deed, p. p. gedaan);
into 2 parts, for ascertaining opinions for and s. rt. deed, deem, doom.] To do over. To make —
against a measure. (Logic.) To separate into over, perform a second time. To do up. To pack —
species. — v. i. To be separated, part, open; to vote together; to iron and starch (linen). — To do with.
by separating a legislative house into 2 parts. [L. To dispose of, make use of. To have to do with. —
dividere, -visum, fr. dis and obs. vidSre, to know, To have concern, business, or intercourse with to ;

prob. s. rt. videre, to see.] —

Dividend, re. The deal with. —
7b do for. To put an end to, ruin, dis-
share of interest or profit of stock in trade, etc., be- appoint, etc. —
To do without. To get along with-
longing to each proprietor. (Arith.) A number or out. —
To have done. To have made an end. To —
quantity to be divided. —
Divid'er, re. One who, or have done with. To have completed to be through
that which, divides esp. (pi.) an instrument for with. —
Do'er, n. One who, etc. an actor agent.
;

dividing lines, describing circles, etc.; compasses. —

Do, doo, v. i. To be worth, be fit, avail, manage, ac-
; ;

Divisible, -viz'Y-bl, a. Capable of being, etc. —

complish a purpose,— as, this will do. [Prov. E. dow,
Divisibility, re. Quality of being divisible. Di- —
AS. dugan, to-be worth. See Doughty.]
vision, -vizh/un, re. Act of, or state of being, etc.; Do., pron. ditlo^ See Ditto.
that which divides; portion separated by the divid- Doab, Dooab, doo'ab, n. In India, a tongue of land
ing of a mass; difference in opinion or feeling; dif- between the confluence of rivers.
ference of condition separation of the members of Docetism, dos'et-izm, re. Doctrine that Christ suffered
;

a deliberative body to ascertain the vote. (Arith.) only in appearance. [Gr. dokein, to appear.]
Process of finding how many times one number or Docile, dosll, a. Teachable ready to learn tract- ; ;

quantity is contained in another; rule by which the able. [F. L. dociUs, fr. docere, to teach s. rt. di-
; ;

operation is performed. (Mil.) A section of an dactic, disciple, doctor, etc.] Docility, -tT, n. —
army or fleet, complete in itself, and commanded by Teachableness. —
Doclble, a. Docile. [L. docibilis,
a general officer. —
Divisional, a. Marking, express- fr. docere.] Doclbleness, -ibillty, r>. —
ing, or making division; pert, to a division or dis- Docimacy, dos'Y-ma-sY, re. Art or practice of apply-
trict. —
Divi'sive, -siv, a. Forming division or dis- ing tests to ascertain the nature, quality, etc., of ob-
tribution; creating division or discord. Divi'sor, —
jects. [Gr. dokimasia, an essay, examination, fr.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, t€rm ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, Cr
 DOCK 159 DOLLAR
dektmazein, to assay metals.]— Docimas'tic, a. Prov- ously. One
of the 2 constellations in the
(Astron.)
ing by experiments. southern hemisphere. An andiron. (Mech.) A
Deck, dok, n. A plant, some species of which are grappling iron an iron with fangs to secure a log
;

weeds, having a long tap-root. [AS. docce, a dock, to be sawed; a catch or clutch, esp. the carrier of a
Ga. dogha, burdock, Gr. daukos, a kind of carrot.] lathe, and an adjustable stop to change the motion
Dock, dok, v. t. [docked (dokt), docking.] To cut of a machine tool. v. t. —
[dogged (dojrd), dog-
off, as the end of a thing, curtail, clip to deduct ; ging.] To follow insidiously or persistently to
from to destroy or defeat, bar. n. The stump of — worry hunt. JD. dog, Sw. dogg, mastiff. Dan.
;
;

a tail, or part left after clipping case to cover a ; dogge, bull-dog. J —

To give or throw to dogs. To
horse's clipped tail. [W. tocio, to clip, Ic. dockr, a throw away, as useless. To go to the dor/*. To be —
short tail, Sw. docka, a skein (of silk) length cut = ruined. —
Dog'ged, a. Surly; obstinate. Dog'- —
off.]— Dock'et, n. A summary or digest; a label gedly, adv.— Dog'gedness, Dog/gish. a. Churl- n—
tied to goods. (Law.) An abridged entry of pro- —
——
ish snappish. Dog'ber'ry, n. The berrv of the
dogwood. — -bri'er, n.
;

ceedings in an action, or list of such entries ; list of The dog-rose. cart, n. A

causes ready for hearing or trial. list of matters A one-horse vehicle for sportsmen. cheap, <>. Cheap
to be acted on in any assembly. v. t. To make an — as dog's meat; very cheap. day, n. One of the
abstract of the heads of to enter in a docket, mark
; days when Sirius, or the Dogstar, rises and sets with
the contents of on the back, as of papers. the sun: they commence late in July, and end early
Dock, dok, n. An inclosure or basin to receive vessels; in September. A species of shark. —
space between 2 piers for ships; place where the ac-
cused stands in court. —
v.t. To place in a dock.
fish, n.
-Latin, n. Barbarous Latin. rose, n. A species
of rose which bears the hip ; the eglantine or sweet-
—
[OD. dokke, a harbor, Dan. dokke, Sw. docka, G.
docke, a dock, LL. doga, ditch, canal, Gr. doche, re-
ceptacle, fr. dechcsthai, to receive.] Dry or grav- —
briar.
Major. —
star, n. Sirius, in the constellation Canis
tooth, n. A
sharp pointed human tooth,
between the incisors and grinders eye-tooth ca- ; ;

ing dock. A dock from which water may be exclu- nine tooth. See Tooth. (Arch.) An ornament con-
ded. — Floating or sectional d. water-tight struc-
ture for raising vessels out of water by its buoyancy.
A sisting of tooth-like projections.
trot, like a dog's.
trot, n. gentle
watch, n. (Naut.) One of 2
— A
— Wet d. One where the water is shut in, and kept watches of 2 hours each, between 4 and 8 p. M. —
at a given level, to load and unload ships.
age, -ej, n. Charge for the use of a dock.
Dock'-
Dock'- —— -wood, n. A
genus of large shrubs or small trees,
having hard and serviceable wood. Dog's-ear, —
yard, n. A repository for naval stores, timber, etc. dogz'er, n. The corner of the leaf of a book turned
Doctor, dok'ter, n. One qualified to teach; a learned down.— v. t. To turn down, etc.— Dog'-eared, -erd,
man one who has received the highest degree in a
; a. Having the corners, etc. — Dog'gerel. -gSr-el, a.
faculty; one licensed to practice medicine a physi- Low in style and irregular in measure, — said of
—
;

cian a mechanical contrivance to remedy a diffi-

; poetry. n. Mean, undignified verse.
culty.— v.t. [doctored (-terd), -toring.J To at- Doge, doj, n. The chief magistrate in the republics of
tend or treat as a physician to make a doctor; to ; Venice and Genoa. [It, fr. L. dux, duke, leader.] —
alter for the better to adulterate, tamper with, fal- Do'gate, -gat, n. Office or dignity of, etc.
—
;

sify. v.i. To practice physic. [L., a teacher, fr. Dogger, dog'ger, n. (Naut.) A two-masted fishing
docere, doctupi, to teach.] —
Doc'toral, a. Pert, to vessel, used by the Dutch. [D., codfish.]
the degree or practice of a doctor. Doc'torate, -at, — Dogma, dog/ma, n.; E. pi. -mas, -maz L. pi. -mata, ;

-ship, n. The degree of a doctor.— Doc'toress, Doc'- -ma-ta. That which is held as an opinion an es-
—
i

tress, n. A female doctor. Doc'trine, -trin, n. Act tablished tenet peremptory opinion, a principle of
;

of teaching instruction
; thing taught body of
; ; doctrine asserted without sufficient evidence. [L.
principles in any branch of knowledge ; dogma and Gr., fr. Gr. dokein, to think: s. rt. L. decet, it
tenet. [F. L. doctrina, fr. doctor.] Doc'trinal, a. — behooves, Skr. dag as, fame.] Degmat'ic, -ical. a. —
;

Pert, to, or containing, etc. Doc'trinally, adv. — — Pert, to a dogma; disposed to assert authoritatively;
Doc'trinaire', -tre-nar', n. One who rigidly ap- magisterial; positive. Dogmatically, adv. Arro-—
Elies to practical concerns the abstract doctrines of gantly: positively. —Dogmatics, n. sing. Science
is own philosophical system ; a political theorist of Christian doctrines doctrinal theology. Dog'- —
propounder of new opinions. a. Pert, to, etc. — — ;

matism, -tizm, n. Arrogance or positiveness in opin-

Doc'ument, n. An original or official paper, relied ion.— Dog'matize, v. i. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To
upon as the basis or support of anything else. v. t. — assert positively teach with bold and undue con-
—
;

To furnish with documents. [F. ; L. documentum, fidence. Dog^matist, -tiz'er, n.

fr. docere.] —
Document 'al, a. Pert, to, consisting Doily, doi'lt, n. A small napkin, generally colored,
In, or derived from, etc. Documentary, -rf, a.— used with fruit and wine. [Manufacturer's name ;

Pert, to written evidence consisting in documents.

; perh. also D. dwaal, a towel/)
Dodder, dod'der, n. A
parasitical vine, which, de- Doit, doit, n. A small Dutch coin, worth about half a
caying at the root, is nourished by the plant sup- farthing; any small piece of money; any trifle. [D.
porting it. [Dan.; Sw. dodra, G. dotter.~\ duit; perh. s. rt. dot, perh. fr. F. d'huit, of 8, i. e., the
Dodecagon, do-dek'a-gon, n. (Geom.) regular poly- A l-8th of a penny.]
gon, bounded by 12 equal Dolabriform, do-lab^ri-fdrm, a. (Nat. Hist.) Having
sides, and containing 12 the form of an ax or hatchet. [L. dolabra, pickax,
equal angles. [Gr. do- unci forma, form.]
deka, twelve, and gonia, JB§ Dolce, doKcha, Dolcemente, dol'cha-men'ta, adv.
an angle.] — Do'dec'a- dp (Mus.) Softly sweetly, ; a direction to the per- —
he'dron, n. A regular former. [It., fr. L. dulcis, sweet, soft.]
solid contained under 12 Doldrums, dol'drumz, n. pi. part of the ocean near A
equal and regular penta- the equator, abounding in calms, squalls, and light
gons a solid having 12
; baffling winds. To be in the doldrums. To be in a
equal faces. [Gr. heara, state of listlessness or fretfulness to be bored. ;

seat, base.] —
Dodec'ahe''- Dole, dol, n. Act of dividing and distributing thing
—
;

dral, a. Dodec'astyle, Dodecahedrons. distributed; alms; gratuity. v.t. [doled (dold),

-stll, n. (Arch.) A portico having 12 columns in doling.] To deal out in small portions distribute. ;

front. [Gr. stulos, a column.] [AS. dal, dsel, same as deal. See Deal.]
Dodge, doj, v. i. [dodged (dojd), dodging.] To start Doleful, dolful, a. Full of grief; piteous; rueful; wo-
suddenly aside, be evasive, quibble. v. t. To — ful; gloomy; dismal. [OF. doel, duel, grief, mourn-
—
evade by starting aside. n. —
Act of evading by ing, doloir, L. dolere; to grieve, fr. dolor, grief.]
some skillful movement a dexterous device or ; Dole'fully, adv. —
Dole'some^sum, a. Doleful ; sor-
trick. [Perh. s. rt. Scot, dod, to jog, North E. dad, rowful. —
Dolor, n. Pain; grief; distress; anguish.
to shake; cf. Skr. dhn, to shake.]— Dodg^er, n. [L.] —
Doloriferous, -er-us, a. Producing pain or
Dodo, do'do, n.; pi. Do'does, -doz. A large bird distress. [L. ferre, to bear.] Dolorif'ic, -ical, a. —
of Mauritius, now extinct. [Pg. doudo, silly.] Causing pain or grief. [L./acere, to make.] Dol '- —
Doe, do, «. A
she-deer esp. the female of the fallow- orous, -us, a. Full of, or occasioning sriei painful;
—
;

— —
;

deer. [AS. da, a doe; Dan. daa, a deer.] Doe' skin, distressing. Dol'orously, adv. Doloro'so, -zo,
n. Skin of the doe compact, twilled woolen cloth. adv. (Mus.) In a pathetic manner. [It.]
Doer. See Do. — ;

Does, duz. 3d pers. pr. ind. of Do. Doll, dol, n. A

puppet or image of a ba bv for a child.
Doff, dof, V. t. [DOFFED (doft), DOFFING.] To put off [Perh. fr. OD. dol, a whipping top, dotlen, to sport,
(dress) ; to rid one's self of, defer. [Coritr. of do off.] play; perh. Dol, contr. of Dorothy.]
Dog, dog, n. A
quadruped of the genus Canis; a Dollar, doKler, n. A
silver coin of the U. S., equal to
mean, worthless fellow; a fellow, used» humor- — 100 cents; a coin of similar value, current in Mex-

boh, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, ttien, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ;

DOLMAN 160 DOOR

ico, S. Amer., Spain, the value of a dollar.
etc. ; -nos or -noes, -noz. A cape
[Abbr. of Joach'unsthaler, a coin first made about with a hood, formerly worn
1518 fr. silver, mined at Joachimsthal, Bohemia.] by priests over head and face;
Dolman, dol'man,n. A
lady's cloak. [Turk, dolaman.] a hood worn by canons of a idiiimuii

Dolmen, dol'men, Tol'men, n. A

stone table, found cathedral church; a woman's
among relics of the Druids a cromlech. [Celt.] : mourning veil, or half-mask;
Dolomite. doKo-mit, n. ( Geol. & Min.) magnesian A a loose cloak, with a hood, iiiinii iiiui! i.

carbonate of lime. [Fr. the F. geologist, Dolomieu.] used as a disguise; one wear- Dominos.
Dolphin, dol'fin, n. (tchth.) A
cetaceous mammal, the ing a domino, pi. A game
true dolphin also a fish of about 5 feet in length,
; played with 28 pieces of ivory, indented with spots
celebrated for its changes of color when dying. from a 1 to double 6. One of the pieces of the game.
(Entom.) A
species of aphis infesting beans, (Naut.) [Sp., orig. dress worn by a master, f r. domine, a mas-
A rope or strap wound round a mast to support ter, L. dominus. See Dominate.] Don, n. Sir; —
the puddening when the lower yards rest in the Mr. Signor,
; —
a title of courtesy in Spain a grand ;

slings a spar secured to an anchor to which cables

; Eersonage, or one affecting consequence, pi. The
may be bent a mooring-post. [OF. daulphin, L.
; eads of colleges and fellows of English universi-
delphinus, Gr. delphis.] ties. [Sp., lit. master, fr. dominus.] Dona, don'ya, —
Dolt, dolt, n. A
heavy, stupid fellow, blockhead, ig- n. Lady Mistress Madam, — a Spanish title of
noramus, dunce, simpleton. [Corrup. of dulled.'] — ;

courtesy for women. [Fern, of don.]

;

Doltish, o. _ Dolt-like stupid. ; n._ The title of a lady in Italy. [It.]
Domain, do-man', n. Dominion; authority; territory
over which dominion is exerted; landed property;
estate; esp. land about the mansion-house of a lord,
and in his immediate occupancy. (Law.) Owner-
ship of land, estate, or patrimony, in one's own
right. [OF. domaine, f r. L. dominium, lordship, f r.
— on, invest one's self with,
dominus, a lord. See Demesne.] Eminent domain.
In U. S. the inherent sovereign power of a state,
giving to the legislature the control of private prop-
erty for public uses.
Dome, dom, n. A
building; house. (Arch.) A struc-
ture above the roof, usually hemispherical in form;
cupola; an erection resembling a cupola. [OF., fr.
LL. and Gr. doma, a house, Gr. domos, a building.]
Domesday, doomz'da. See Doomsday, unler Doom.
Domestic, do-mes'tik, a. Pert, to the house or home,
to one's place of residence and family, also to a na-
tion considered as a family, or to one's own coun-
try; intestine; remaining much at home; devoted to
home duties or pleasures; living near the habitations
of man; tame; made in one's own house, nation, or
country. n. One who lives in the family of an-
other, as hired assistant; pi. articles of home manu-
facture, esp. cotton goods. [F. domestique, L. domes-
ticus, fr. domus, house.] —
Domes'ticate, -tt-kat, v. t.
To make domestic, conduct as if at home, accustom
to live near the habitations of man, tame.— Domes'-
tica'tion, n. Act of domesticating. Domesticity,
-tis'Y-tY, n. State of being domestic; a household
act or life. —Domicile, -sil, n. An abode or man-
sion; place of permanent residence. (Law.) Resi-
dence at a particular place accompanied with proof
of an intention to remain there, v. t. [domiciled —
(-sild),-ciLiNG.] To establish in a fixed residence.
[OF. L. domicilium, f r. domus and perh. celare, to
hide.]
;
Don'na, -na, —
Duenna, —
doo-en'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. The chief lady in
waiting on the Queen of Spain; an elderly lady in
charge of young ladies in Spain or Portugal; a gov-
erness. [Sp. dueiia, same as E. and F. dame.]
Don, don, v. t. [donned (dond), donning.] To put
— opp. to doff. [Contr.
of do on.]
Donate, do'nat, v. t. To give, esp. for a specific ob-
ject. [L. donare, -atum, to give, fr. donum, Gr. doron,
Skr. dana, a gift; s. rt. anecdote, date, dose, dower,
etc.] —
Donalion, n. Act of giving; thing given or
bestowed, gift, grant. (Law.) Act by which one
voluntarily transfers to another the title to a thing
of which he is owner, without any consideration.
[F.] — Donation-party. A party assembled at the
house of some one, each bringing some present. —
Don'ative, don'a-tiv, n. A gratuity, present. (Eccl.
Law.) A benefice conferred by the patron, without
presentation, institution, or induction by the ordi-
nary. —
a. Vested or vesting by donation. Dona'- —
tor, do-na'ter, n. (Law.) A donor, giver. —Do'nor,
-ner, n. A giver; benefactor. (Law?) One who con-
fers a power.— Donee', -ne', n. One to whom a gift
is made. (Law.) Party executing a power; appointor.
Donatism, don'a-tizm, n. (Eccl. Hist.) Principles
embraced by African schismatics of the 4th century,
called Donatists, fr. Donatus, their leader.
— Done. See Do.
Done, dun, p. p. Given out; issued; made public,—
used in the dating clause of an official public docu-
ment. [Done", done, corrup. of F. donne", p. p. of
donner, L. donare, to give. See Donate.]
Donjon, dun'jun, n. A tower in ancient castles, the
strongest part of the fortifications; the keep. See
Castle. [Same as dungeon, q. v.]

—
Domicil'iary, -sil'Y-a-rY or -sil'ya-rY, a. Donkey, don'kY, n. ;pl. -keys, -kiz. An ass, or mule;
Pert, to domicile, or the residence of a person or a stupid or obstinate fellow. [Dim. of dun, a name
— A — A
family. Domiciliary visit. (Law.) visit to a
private dwelling, esp. to search it, under authority.
— Domicil'iate, -Y-at, v. t. To domicile.— Dom'icil'-
for a horse, fr. the color.] Don'key-en'gine, n.
small assistant engine in steam-vessels. pomp, n.
One feeding boilers, worked by the donkey-engine.
—
ia'tion, n. Permanent residence. Donna. See under Dominie.
Dominate, dom'Y-nat, v. t. To predominate over, rule, Donor. See under Donate.
govern. —
v. i. To predominate. [L. dominari, Doodle, doo'dl, n. A trifler, simpleton. [Perh. contr.
-natum, fr. dominus, a lord, fr. domus, house; s. rt. of do little ; perh. fr. Scot, dawdle, to be slovenly.)
domare, to tame, E. tame.] —
Dominance, -nancy, Doom, doom, [doomed (doomd), dooming.] To
v. t.
-sY, n. Ascendency authority.
; Dominant, a. — pronounce sentence or judgment on, condemn; to
Ruling; prevailing; predominant, —n. (Mus.) The ordain as penalty; to mulct or fine; to assess a tax
5th tone of the scale. [Y.] —
Dominant chord. (Mus.) —
upon; to destine, fate. n. Judicial sentence; penal
The chord based upon the dominant. !), estate or — decree; that to which one is sentenced; penalty; un-
tenement. (Law.) The estate to which a servitude happy fate. [AS., Sw., and Dan. dom, Ic. domr,
or easement is due from another estate. Domina'- — OHG. tuom, judgment, Gr. themis, law, Skr. dha, to
tion, n. Act of dominating; exercise of power in plaee, set; s. rt. deem.] —
Dooms'day, dobmz'da, n.
ruling; government; authority; the 4th of the sup- A day of doom, sentence, or condemnation; day of
posed orders of angelical beings. [F.] Domlna- — the final judgment. —
Dooms'day-book, n. book A
tive, -tiv, a. Ruling; imperious. —
Domlnator, -tSr, compiled by order of William the Conqueror, con'
n. A ruler or ruling power; predominant influence. taining a survey of all lands in England, that they
— Domineer'', v. i. [-neered (-nerd'). -neering.] might De doomed, or adjudged for taxation.
To rule with insolence or arbitrary sway. [OD. Door, dor, n. An opening in the wall of a house for
domineren, OF. dominer, fr. L. dominari.]— Domin- going in and out at; frame by which such an open-
ion, -yun, n. Supreme authority; predominance; ing is closed; means of access; entrance-way, and
territory over which authority is exercised. [LL. the apartment to which it leads. [AS. duru, D. dear,
dominio.] —
Dominical, a. Pert, to, or given by, Dan. dor, OHG. tor, G. ihuer, Gr. thura, Skr. dvara.]
our Lord; indicating Sunday. [OF.] —Dominical — In doors, or within doors. Within the house; un-
letter. One of the first 7 letters of the alphabet, der cover. —
Next door to. Near to; bordering on.—
used in almanacs to denote Sunday. Out of doors, or without doors, and, colloq., out doors.
Dominican, do-min'Y-kan, a. Pert, to the Dominicans, Out of the house, in open air, abroad. To lie at —
or to St. Dominic— n. A monk of the order founded one's door. To be imputable or chargeable to. —
by Dominic de Guzman; a predicant; preaching-
friar; jarobin; black-friar.
Dominie, dom'Y-nY, n. In Scot., a schoolmaster, par-
Door'-keeper, n. One who guards the entrance of a
house or apartment; a porter, janitor.
The nail or knob on which the knocker of a door
nail, n. —
son. [L. dominus, a lord, master.] Domino, n. ;pl. — strikes, —
hence the phrase, dead as a door-nail. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare : 2nd, eve, tSrm ; Yn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 DOR 161 DOUBT
-plate, n. A plate upon a door, bearing the resident's senselessly.] —
Do'ter, -tard, n. One who, etc. —
etc. — —
name, etc.
way, n.
post, n.
The passage
The jamb or side piece of,
of, etc.
Dor, Dott, dor, Dor'-beetle, Dor'-bug, n. A large,
Do'tage, -tej, n. Childishness; imbecility; senility;
excessive fondness; weak and foolish affection.—
Dot'tard. n. A decayed tree. [For dotard.] Dot'- —
brownish, destructive tree-beetle the cockchafer ; ; terel, -ter-el, -trel, n. A wading bird, like the plover,
May-bug; —the imago of the voracious white grub- easily taken by stratagem a silly fellow; dupe. ;

worm. [AS. dora, drone, locust.] Double, dub'l, a. Twofold multiplied by 2 in- ; ;

Dorado, do-ra'do, n. A southern constellation, con- creased by its equivalent; in pairs; presenting 2 of
taining 6 stars. (Ichth.) A large fish, a species of a set together coupled divided into 2 vacilla-
; ; ;

dolphin. [Sp., gilt, fr. dorar, to gild.] ting: deceitful. (Bot.) Having several rows of pet-
Doree. do-re' or do'rl, Do'ry, -rT, John'-dory, n. als formed by cultivation from stamens and car-
(Ichth.) An acanthopterygious fish, of a golden yel- pels. — adv. Twice twofold. ;v. t. [doubled —
low color. [Corrup. of F.jaune-dore'e, golden vellow.] (-Id), -lixg.] To multiply by 2, make twice as
Dorian, do'rT-an, Doric, dor'ik, a. Pert, to Doris, or great, duplicate; to fold one part upon another part
the Dorian race, in ancient Greece. (Arch.) Pert, of; to contain or be worth twice as much as: to pass
to, or resembling, the 2d order of columns, between around or by. (Mil.) To unite, as ranks or files, so
the Tuscan and Ionic. See Capital. (Mus.) Of, as to form one. v. i.— To increase or grow to twice
or pert, to, one of the ancient musical keys, marked as much; to return upon one's track. (Print.) To
bv severity tempered with gravity and joy.— Dor'- set up a word or phrase a second time by mistake.—
icism, -sizm, n. A phrase of the Doric dialect. n. Twice as much; that which is doubled together;
Dormant, dor'mant, a. Sleeping; not in action; qui- a plait; fold; a turn in running to escape pursuers;
escent; not disclosed, asserted, or insisted on. (Her.) a trick :shift artifice ; a counterpart; a roofing
;

In a sleeping posture. —
n. (Arch.) The large beam slate of the smallest size used. [OF.; L. duplus, lit.
lying across a room; a joist; sleeper. [F., p. pr. of twice full, fr. duo, 2, and plus, s. rt. plenus, full.] —
dormir, L. dormire, to sleep.] —
Dor'mancy, -si, n. Double counterpoint. (Mus.) That species of counter-
State of being dormant. —Dormant partner. (Com.) point in which 2 of the parts may be inverted, by
A partner who takes no share in the active business, setting one of them an octave higher or lower. D. —
but shares in the profit or loss; sleeping or silent note. (Mus.) A
note of double the length of the
partner. — Dor'mer D.-win'- , semibreve or minim; a breve.— To d. upon. (Mil.)
dow, n. (Arch.) A vertical win- To inclose between 2 fires.— Doubler, n. Doub'- —
dow on the inclined roof of a ly, -II, adv. In twice the quantity. Doub'leness, —
house.— Dor'mitive, -tiv, n. n — Double -base, -bass, -bas, n. (Mus.) The largest
(Med.) Amedicine to promote and lowest-toned instrument in the violin form. —
-breastfed, a. Lapping over on the breast, with but-
sleep; an opiate, narcotic, sopo-
rific—a. Causing sleep.— Dor'-
mitory, -rT, n. A
room or set of
tons on each side. —
deal'er. n. One who acts two
different parts; a deceitful, trickish person. deal- —
rooms for sleeping in; bed-room. ing, rc. Artifice; duplicity. -end 'er, n. (Naut.) —
A vessel which can sail with either end foremost. —
[L. dormitorium, fr. dormitor, a
sleeper, fr. donnitare, to sleep, Dormer-window,
freq. of dormire.]
-ea'gle. n. An Amer. gold coin worth $20.
7». A mode of book-keeping in which 2 entries are
en'try, —
Dormouse, dor'mows, n. pi. -mice, -mis. A small ro- made of every transaction^so that one checks the
dent mammal which feeds on acorns, nuts, etc.,
like the squirrel, and is torpid in winter. [Prov. E.
other. —face, -facedness.
of different parts; duplicity.
-last'ness, n. The acting
-fiow'er, n. (Bot.) — A
dor, to sleep (s. rt. doze, q. v.), and mouse.]
Domic, dor'nik. n. Coarse damask and table-linen,
made at Dornick or Tournav.
cultivation. —
flower having several rows of petals, as the result of
mind'ed, a. Having different minds
at different times: un>ettled wavering; unstable. ;

Dorsal, dor'sal, a. Pert, to the back. _[F.;LL. dor- quick,;!. (Mil.) The fastest step, in marching,
salis, fr. L. dorsum, the back.] —
Dorsiferous, -er- next to the run, requiring ld5 steps in one minute.
us, -sip'arous, a. (Bot.) Bearing seeds on the back a. Performed in, etc. —
v. t. 8c i. To move in —
of the leaves, as ferns. [L. ferre, to bear, parere, double-quick time. -salt, n.
|
(Chem.) A com- —
to bring forth.]— Dos'el, n. (Arch.) Tapestry at Eound salt consisting ot 2 salts in chemical com-
the back of an altar, etc. —
Dos'sier, -sT-a,
back of a chair; head of abed; bundle of papers.
n. The ination.
to each other as to be seen separate by means of a
—
star, n. (Astron.) Two stars so near

[F., fr. dos, back, L. dorsum.]

Dory, do'rT, n. A
fish. See Doeee. —A
canoe or
telescope only. tongued, -tungd, a. Speaking dif-
ferently about a thing at different times; deceitful.
—
small boat. —
Double-entendre, doo'bl-ox-tox'dr, n. An ex-
Dose, dos, n. Quantity of medicine given at one time; pression admitting of a double interpretation, one
as much as one can take, or as falls to one to receive; of which is often indelicate. [F.; entendre, to mean.]
anything nauseous that one must take. v. t. — —
Doublet, n. Two of the same kind a pair; :

[dosed (dost), dosing.] To form into doses, give
m doses, give medicine to, give potions to constantly
and without need, give anything nauseous to. [F.;
Gr. dosis, fr didonai, Skr. da, to give.]
Dosel. See under Dorsal.
Dossil, dos'sil, n. (Surg.) A
pledget or portion of
lint of cylindrical form. [F. dousil. LL. duciculus,
peg, tap for a cask, fr. L. ducere, to draw.]
Dost, dust. Second vers. pr. of do.
Dot, dot, n. Asmall spot, made with a pen or point.
— v. t. To mark with dots or specks, diversify with
small detached objects. !-, —
i. To make dots or Doubt, dowt, v. i. To be in uncertainty respecting
specks. [D. dot, a little lump, Sw. dial, dett, dot,
couple. (Print.) word or phrase unintentionally- A
doubled. Inner garment of a man ; waistcoat.
(Lapidary Work.) counterfeit stone, composed A
of 2 pieces of crystal, with color between them.
(Opt.) An arrangement of two lenses for a micro-
scope, to correct spherical aberration and chro-
matic dispersion, pi. Two dice, having each the
same number of spots on the_upper face. [OF.,
dim. of double.] Doubloon', -loon', n. A Spanish —
and Portuguese coin, double the value of the pistole,
worth nearly $16. [Sp. doblon, fr. dohlo, double.]
anything to be undetermined, waver, fluctuate, :

point, something dropped, Ic. and Sw. dial, detta, to hesitate: to fear, be apprehensive, scruple, suspect.
drop, fall.] —Dot' ted, p. a. Marked with dots; di- v. t. —
To question or hold questionable, hesitate
versified with small, detached objects.— Dotted note. to believe: to fear, apprehend, suspect, believe.
(Mus.) Anote followed by a dot to indicate an in- n. Uncertainty of mind or of condition: fear; ap-
crease of length equal to i of its simple value. D. —
prehension difficultv expressed or urged for so- ;

rest. A rest lengthened by a dot. [Notes and rests lution; objection. [OF. dottier, doubter, L. dubitare,
are sometimes followed by 2 dots, to indicate an in- -tatum, to doubt, be of two minds, f r. dubius, doubt-
crease of length equal to % of their simple value.] ful, fr. duo. two.] Doubt'er, n. Doubt'able, -a-bl, — —
a. Capable of being doubted questionable. ;
—
_«_JL. Doubt'ful, -ful, a. Not settled in opinion; admit-
~^r
m Dotted Notes and Rests.
ting of doubt"; not clear or certain; not easy to be
defined, classed, or named: ambiguous; equivocal;
of uncertain issue; affected by fear.
adv. Doubt'fulne88, n. —
Doubt 'fully.
Doubt'less, ad/'-. With- —
—
Dot, a dowry. Dotal, Dotation. See under Dower. out doubt or question; unquestionablv. Du'bious, —
Dote, dot, v. i. To have the intellect impaired, esp. -bT-us. a. Doubtful. Du'biously, adv. Du'bi- — —
by age, so that the mind wavers: to be excessively ousness. n.— Du'bitable, a. Liable to be doubted.
or foolishly fond. [OD. doten, to dote, mope, Ic. —
Dubita'tion, n. Act of doubting. Du'bitative, —
dotta, to nod with sleep, OF. redoter, to dote, talk -tiv. n. Tending to doubt.
sun, cube, ful! ; moon, fde-t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxboN, chair, get.
 ; — ;

DOUCEUR 162 DRAFT

Douceur, doo-ser', n. A present; gift; bribe. [F., fr., humility, dejection, misery, etc. a. Downcast —
doux, sweet.] dejected downright ; plain
; absolute positive; ;

Douche, doosh, n. A
water or vapor directed
jet of downward; proceeding from the chief terminus.
;

upon some part of the body, to benefit it medicinal- n.pl. A

state of depression; abasement; failure,—
ly. [F., fr. It. doccia, conduit, water-pipe, spout, as, ups and downs. [Corrup. of ME. adown, AS. of-
fr. docciare, to pour, fr. L. ductus. See Duct.] dune, off, or from, the hill. See above.] Down in —
Dough, do, n. A
mass of flour or meal moistened and the mouth. Low spirited; dejected. D. with. Take —
kneaded, but not yet baked. [AS. dah, D. deeg, down, throw down, put down. Up and d. With —
Dan. and Ic. deig, Goth, daigs, dough Goth. rising and falling motion; back and forth; hither
—
;

deigan, to knead, Skr. dih, to smear.]— Dougb/y, and thither. Down 'cast, a. Cast downward; di-
-T, a. Like dough soft yielding to pressure.— rected to the ground; flowing or circulating down-
Dough'-face, n.
; ;

One who is easily molded. — ward. —n.

(Mining.) The ventilating shaft down
Dough'nut. n. A
small cake, usually in form of a
ring, sweetened and fried in lard.
which air passes to a mine. fall, n.
downward; sudden descent from rank, reputation,
falling — A
Doughty, dow'tT, a. Characterized by bravery; val- happiness, etc. destruction —
iant redoubtable. [AS. dyhtig, fr. dugan, to be
;

Dan. dygtig, able, fr. due, to avail; Sw.

Fallen; ruined.
ruin.
haul, n. (Naut.)
;

—-fallen, a.
rope made
fast to the upper corner of a sail, to haul it down.
;

A
—
strong ;

dugtig, Ic. dygdhugr, fr. Sw. and Ic. dvga, to avail.

—
See Do.] Dough' tily, -tt-lT, adv. Dough'tiness. n. —
-heart'ed, a. Dejected in spirits.
a. Descending — hill, n. Decliv- —
Doom, dows, v. t. [doused (dowst), dousing.] To
thrust or plunge into water to dip. [Not the same;
ity
A
; slope.
pouring downwards, as of rain.
Straight down
sloping. pour, n.
right, adv.
perpendicularly in plain terms;
;

—
as dowse, q. v.] [Sw. dunsa, to plump down.] absolutely. a. Plain — artless
;

unceremonious ; ; ;
;

Dove, duv, n. A
Dird of the pigeon family, some blunt, — said of persons undisguised absolute ; ; ;

species of which are domesticated; a pigeon; esp. unmixed, —

tame pigeon. [AS. dufa, OS. duva.] Dove' cot,
A
building or box for doves. Dove'-
—
— lower floor.
said of things.
sitting down; repose.
—
sifting, n. Act of
stairs, a. Below; upon a
adv. Down the stairs to a lower
—
-cote, -kot, n.
tail, n. {Carp.) A
joint or tenon
made by letting one piece, in the
floor. — throw, n. (Geol.) A dislocation in strata,
in which the beds on one side appear thrown below
;

form of a dove's tail spread, into a
corresponding cavity in another, so
that it cannot be drawn out. —v. t.
tailed (-tald), -tailing.] To unite
ty, etc.: to fit ingeniously. Dove r -
the corresponding strata on the other. trod,
-trod'den, a. Trodden under foot. -ward, -wards, —
adv. From a higher place to a lower; in a descend-
—
ing course from a remote time.
; ward, a. Mov-
ing or extending to a lower place tending toward
— ;

tail-mold ing, n. (Arch.) An orna- the earth or its center descending from a head ;

ment iu Norman architecture, con- Dovetails. or source tending to a lower condition or state.
;

sisting of a rounded molding form Dowry. See under Dower.

ing a series of figures in the form of a dove's tail. Dowse, dows, v. t. [dowsed (dowst), dowsing.] To
Dover's Powder, do'vSrz-pow'der. (Med.) com- A strike in the face. (Naut.) To strike or lower in
pound of ipecacuanha, opium, and sulphate of potash haste, slacken suddenly. [Norw. dusa, to cast down
or sugar of milk, a sedative and sudorific. [Named from, OD. doesen, to beat heavily, strike prob. s. :

fr. the inventor.] rt. dash, not s. rt. douse.]— To extinguish. [AS.
Dowable, Dowager. See under Dower. dwaescan, to extinguish.]
Dowdy, dow'dl, a. Awkward ; vulgar-looking. — n. Doxology, doks-oKo-jT, w. A short hymn of praise to
An awkward, ill-dressed woman. TScot. dawdie, God. [LL. and Gr. doxologia, fr. Gr. doxa, glory
slovenly, <?aw, da, sluggard, drab, Goth, dauths.] — : (lit. opinion, fr. dokein, to think), and legem, to
Dow'dyish, a. Like a dowdy. — Dow'diness, n. speak.]— Doxolog'ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
Dowel, dow'el, v. t. [-eled (-eld), -eling.] To fasten Doxy, doks'I, n. A
sweetheart, mistress, or para-
together by dowels, —
n. A dowel-pin a piece of ; mour; a prostitute. [EFriesic dokke, Sw. docka,
wood driven into a wall, so that other pieces may be MHO. tocke, a doll.] |

nailed to it. [F. douelle, a tap or socket, G. doebel, a Doze, doz, v. i. [dozed (dozd), dozing.] To slum-
peg, plug.] —
Dow'el-pin, n. A pin of wood or metal
;

ber, sleep lightly t be drowsy or half asleep. v. t. —

used for joining two pieces, as of wood, stones, etc. To pass or spend in drowsiness. n. A light sleep — ;

Dower, dow'er, n. Endowment; gift; property with drowse ; slumber. [Ic. and Sw. dial, dusa, Dan.
which a woman is endowed, esp. that which a dose, to doze, AS. dwses, stupid s. rt. dizzy, and ;

woman brings to a husband in marriage, or that perh. daze, dull, dwell.] Do' zy, -zT, a. Inclined to —
portion of a man's real estate which his widow en- sleep drowsy sluggish. Do'ziness, n. ; ; —
joys during her life, or to which a woman is en- Dozen, duz'n, n. ; pi. Dozen (before another noun)
titled after the death of her husband. [OF. or Dozens, -nz. A collection of 12 individuals a ;

doaire, douaire, LL. dotarium, fr. L. dotare, -atum, set of 12 an indefinite number. [OF. dozame, fr. ;

to endow, fr. dos, dotis, gift, dowry, Gr. dos, a gift, doze, L. duodecim, twelve. See Duodecimal.]
Skr. da, to give.] —
Dow'ered -Srd, a. Furnished Drab, drab, n. woman of vile character a strum- A ;

with dower, or a portion. —

Dow'erless, a. Desti- pet; prostitute. [Ga. drabag, Ir. drabog, a slattern,
tute of, etc. —
Dow'ry, -rT, n. gift the estate A Ir. drab, a spot, stain.]
;

whicb a woman brings to her husband in marriage; Drab, drab, n. thick, woolen cloth of a dun color ; A
fortion given with a wife; dower. Dot, dot, n. In —
a dull brownish-yellow or gray color. a. Of a —
ranee and in Louisiana, a dowry. [F., fr. L. dos.] dun color. [F. drap, Sp. traj o, L. drappus, cloth-1
— Do'tal, a. Pert, to, constituting, or comprised Drabble, drab'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To
—
in, etc. — Dota'tion, n. Act of bestowing a dowry draggle; to wet and befoul. v. i. To fish for bar-
on a woman, or of establishing funds for the sup- bels with a long line and rod. —Draff, draf, n. Ref-
port of (an institution, charity, etc.). Dow'able, —
use lees dregs hog-wash grains given to cows.
; ; ; ;

a. Capable of being endowed: entitled to dower. [Ic, D., and Sw. draf, draff, Dan. drav, dregs, Ga.
— Dow'ager, -jer, n. (Eng. Law.) widow en- A
drabh, grains of malt, Ir. drabh, grains, refuse; s. rt.
—
dowed, or having a jointure. A title given in Eng. drab.] Draffy, -T, a. Waste worthless. ;

to a widow, to distinguish her from the wife of her Drachma, drak'ma, n. ; E.pl. -mas, -maz, L. pi. -hue.
husband's heir bearing the same name. [OF. doua- -me. A
Greek silver coin a Greek weight of about ;

giere.] —Queen dowager. The widow of a king. 2 dwt. 7 gr. Troy. [L. Gr. drachme, lit. a handful, ;

Dowlas, dqw'las, n. A kind of coarse linen cloth. used of a coin and of a weight, fr. drassesthai. to
[Prob. f r. Doidlens, in France.] grasp.] Dram, Drachm, dram, n. In apothecaries' —
Down, down, n. Fine, soft, hairy outgrowth from the weight, l-8th ounce, or 60 grains in avoirdupois ;

skin or surface of animals or plants. [Ic. dnnn, Sw. weight, l-16th ounce a minute quantity, mite as ; ;

dun, Dan. duun; s. rt. fume, dust.'] Down'y, -T, a. —

mueh liquor as is drunk at once habitual intem- ;

Covered with, made of, or like, down; soft; quiet. perance. [OF. drame, drachme.]
Down, down, n. A
hillock of sand thrown up by the Draconian, dra-ko'nY-an, a. Pert, to Draco, an Athe-
wind near the shore; a tract of sandy, level, and nian lawgiver, who punished all crimes with death;
barren land. pi. A road for shipping in the Eng. rigorous cruel. ;

Channel. [AS. dun, a hill, Ir. and Ga. dun, hill, fort.] Draft, draft, n. Act of drawing, esp. of loads by
Down, down, prep. In a descending direction along; beasts. (Mil.) A selection of men from a military
toward the mouth of a river. adv. In a descend-— band, also from any collection of persons. An or-
ing direction: tending to a lower place or condition; der directing the payment of money bill of ex- ;

from a remoter or higher antiquity; to a less bulk; change deduction from the gross weight of goods ; ;

in a low position or condition; on the ground; in a figure described on paper ; sketch outline depth ; :

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 DRAG 163 DRAW
of water necessary to a ship a current of air. float : resources, etc. ; to filter. v. i. To flow off gradu- —
—v. t. To draw the outline of, delineate to com- ally to be emptied of liquor by flowing or dropping.
;

pose and write to draw from a military band or

:
;

— n. Act of draining, or of emptying by drawing

post, or from any company; to detach. [Corrup. of off ; that by which anything is drained, a channel,
draught, a., v. under Draw.] Draff-horse, n. — A trench, water-course, sewer. [AS. drehnigean, dren-
horse employed in drawing, esp. heavy loads. — ian, to drain, Ic. dragna, to draw along s. rt. drag,
Drafts'man, n. Same as Draughtsman. —Drafts, dreg.] —
Drain'er, «.'— Drain'able, a. Drain'age,
;

n. A game. [See Draughts, under Draw.]
Drag, drag, v. *. [dragged (dragd), dragging.] To
draw along by main force, pull, haul to pulverize
(land) by drawing a drag or harrow over it; to pass
through (water) with a drag to draw along labori-
ously, as something burdensome to pass in pain or
—
—
-ej, n. A
draining; mode in which the waters of a
country pass off by its streams. (Engin.) System
; of drains removing water from towns, etc.
Drake, drak, n. The male of the duck kind; the drake-
; fly; a small piece of artillery. [Contr. of ME. en-
; drake, male duck, fr. AS. ened, duck OIc. andriki,
;

with difficulty. v. t. To be drawn along on the drake, fr. ond, duck Sw. anddrake, Dan. andrik, ;

ground to move heavily or slowly onward to fish

; ; drake, fr. and, duck Goth, reiks, chief, mighty.];

with a drag.— n. A net, to be drawn along the bot- Dram. See under Drachma.
tom under water, to raise sunken bodies: a sledge for Drama, dra'ma or dra'ma, n. A composition, to be
heavy bodies a carriage; a heavy harrow, for break-
; acted, representing phases of human life a real ;

ing up clods a burglar's implement for forcing

; series of events invested with dramatic unity. [L.
safes something to retard the progress of a mov-
; and Gr., fr. Gr. dran, to do, act.]— Dramatic, -ical,
ing body a clog a heavy motion, as if dragged
; ; a. Pert., appropriate to, or resembling, a drama.
along. (Founding.) The bottom part of a flask. Dramatically, adv. By representation in the ;

[A form of draw, q. v. Sw. dragga, to search with manner of the drama. — Dramatist, n. Author of
a grapnel, fr. drag, a grapnel, Dan. drag, a pull,
;

a dramatic composition writer of plays. Dram'a- ;

—
draught, haul, Ic. drag, iron rim on a sledge, Sw. tize, -tiz, v. t. [-tized (-tizd), -tizing.] To com-
and Ic. draga, Dan. drage, to draw.] Drag'-bar, — pose in the form of the drama, represent in, etc. —
n. A coupling used on railroads. net, n. A fishing Dram'atis Perso'nae, -ne. The characters repre-
net drawn along the bottom of the water.
A contrivance
sheet,
lessen the drift of a
— sented in a play; interlocutors in a drama. — Dram'-
atur'gy, -ter'jY, n. Art of dramatic poetry and rep-
n. (Na.ut.)
vessel in a gale. — Draggle,todrag'gl, v. [-gled t. resentation. [Gr. ergein, to work.]
(-gld),-gling.] To dirty by drawing on the ground Drape, drap, i. [draped (drapt), draping.] To
v.
or on wet grass ; to drabble, — v. To become wet i. make —v. t. To cover or adorn with drapery.
cloth,
or dirty by, etc. [Freq. of drag.'] draper, to make cloth, fr. drap, cloth. See
)rab.] — Dra'per, «. One who sells cloths. — Dra'-
tF.
Dragces, dra-zha', n. pi. (Pharmacy.) Sugar-coated
pills, [F., fr. NL. and Gr. tragemata, sweet-
etc. pery, -per-T, n. Occupation of a draper; cloth, or
meats. See Dredge, v. t.] woolen stuffs in general; garments with which any-
Dragoman, drag'o-man, n. ; pi. -mans. An inter- thing is draped; hangings of any kind, esp. cloth-
preter, in the Levant and the East. [Sp.; Ar. tarju- ing of the human figure in sculpture and in paint-
man, interpreter, Chald. targum, interpretation.] ing.
Dragon, drag'un, n. (Myth.) monstrous winged A Drastic, dras'tik, a. (Med.) Acting with violence;
serpent or liz- powerful. [Gr. drastikos, fr. dran.' See Drama.]
z a r d, with Draught, etc. See under Draw.
crested head Dravidian, dra-vid'T-an, a. Pert, to the aboriginal
and claws. A races of India, esp. those of the southern districts ;

fierce, violent pert, to the languages of S. India, apparently the

person. (As- native idioms before the invasion of tribes speak-
tron.) A
north- ing Sanskrit,— the Tamil being the most important.
ern constella- [Drai-ida, Skr. name for southern Hindostan.]
tion figured as Draw, draw, v. t. [imp. drew (droo) p. p. drawn ; ;

a dragon. A drawing.] To bring toward or after one by force .•

luminous ex- to pull along, drag to attract, entice, bring forth,

;

halation from as, to pull from a receptacle, extract, deduce from

marshy premises, receive from a lottery, win; to remove the
grounds, mov- contents of, as, to drain by emptying, extract the
ing like a bowels of; to inhale, utter or produce by inhalation;
winged ser- to extend in length, stretch to extend, or produce, ;

pent ; a short as a line on any surface, form by marking, produce,

musket hooked Dragon. as a sketch or picture to form a figure or picture ;

to a swivel at- of, delineate, depict to write in due form, prepare

;

tached to a soldier's belt, decorated with a drag- a draught of to require a depth of (water) for
on's head at the muzzle. (Zool.) genus of E. A floating, —
;

said of a vessel to sink in water. v. i. ; —

Indian reptiles, having an extension of the ribs, To pull, exert strength in drawing have force to ;

covered with a fringe-like arrangement of the skin, drag along to exert an attractive force.
; (Med.)
which enables it to glide through the air for short To act as a sinapism,— said of a blister, poultice, etc.
distances. [In Scripture the term dragon is applied To furnish transmission to smoke, gases, etc.; to un-
to marine fishes or serpents, to venomous land ser- sheathe to sketch, paint, etc.
; to become con- ;

pents, and to Satan.] [F. and Sp. ; L. draco, Gr. tracted, shrink to move, come, or go, lit., to draw
;

arakon, lit. sharp-sighted one, f r. drakein, Skr. dric ,

— one's self, —
with prepositions and adverbs; to make
to see J Drag'on-fish, n. The dragonet. fly, a written demand for money deposited or due. n. —
n. (Entom.) A
genus of swift insects, having Act of drawing, draught a lot or chance drawn ; ;

strongly reticulated wings and along body.— Drag'- part of a bridge raised up, swung round, or drawn
on's-blood. n. A
red, resinous substance obtained aside. [ME. drawen, AS. and OS. dragan ; s. rt.
from several tropical trees. -head, n. (Bot.) — A drag. See Drag.] —
Drawn butter. Butter melted
plant of several species. (Astron.) The ascending for use as gravy. —
D. game, or battle. One in which
bol A•

indicated by y.
—
node of a planet, indicated in almanacs by the sym-
tail, n. The descending node of a planet,
— Drag'onet, n. A little dragon.
neither party wins one equally contested.
;

draw a curtain. To cause a curtain to slide, in

closing or unclosing. —To d. back. To receive back,
To —
(Ichth.) A
fish of the goby family. Dragoon', — as duties on goods.— To d. in. To bring or pull in,
-goon', n. (Mil.) cavalry soldier, A
formerly — collect; to entice, inveigle. To d. interest. To pro- —
trained to serve also on foot. v. t. [dragooned — duce or gain interest. To d. off. To withdraw, —
(-goond'), -gooning.] To reduce to subjection or
persecute, by soldiers to harass, force, persecute.
abstract.
— —
To d. on. To bring on, occasion, cause.
; To d. up. To compose, draught, form in writing;
[F. and Sp., dragoon, also dragon, perh. fr. using the to arrange in order, as troops ; to array. Draw'er, —
musket so named.] —
Dragoon'-bird, n. ( Ornith.) A n. One who, or that which, ete. One who draws
Brazilian bird, having a large_crest of feathers liquor one who delineates, a draughtsman one
above the bill. —
Drag'onade', -nad', n. The perse-
;

who draws a bill of exchange or order for payment

;

cution of French Protestants by soldiery under Louis thing drawn

a sliding box in a case pi. an under-
XIV. any devastating incursion.
;
;

—
garment for the legs. Drawee', n. Person to whom
;

Drain, dran, v. t. [drained (drand), draining.] To an order or bill of exchange is addressed, or on

draw off by degrees to empty or exhaust of ; to ; whom it is drawn. Draw'back, n. —
discourage- A
make gradually dry or empty to exhaust of wealth, ; ment or hindrance. ( Com. Money paid back
sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t > cow. oil j linger or ink, then. boNboN, chair, get.
 . — ;

DRAWL 164 DRILL

esp. duties paid back by the government, on ex-
portation of commodities on which they were levied.
— bridge, n. A bridge to be raised up, let down, or
drawn aside. See Castle. head, n. (Railroad
Much.) A buffer to which a coupling is attached.
-knife, Drawing-knife, n. A joiner's tool for shav-
ing off surfaces, by drawing it toward one. — Draw-
ing, n. Act of pulling or attracting a representa-
tion on a plain surface of the appearance of objects;
distribution of prizes in a lottery.— Drawing-room,
n. A room for the reception of company room to
which company withdraws from the dining-room
company assembled in such a room a reception of
company in it. [Prop, withdrawing-room.]— Draught,
draft, n. Act of drawing or pulling as, of moving
loads, of drawing a net, of drinking, (Mil.) of draw-
ing men from a military band or from any company,
of delineating; representation; thing drawn, as, that
taken by sweeping with a net; quantity drawn in at Dress, dres, v. t. [dressed (drest) or drest, dress-
once in drinking; a potion or potation (Mil.) forces
fruits, fr. trogein, to gnaw. See Dragees.J Dredg' —
A
er, n. utensil for dredging meat.
Dregs, dregz, n. pl. Corrupt or defiling matter con
tained in a liquid, or precipitated from it; feculence
— lees; sediment; the vilest part of anything. [Ic
dregg, Sw. dragg, lees, dregs, Ic. draga, to draw
not s. rt. G. dreck, dirt, nor Gr. trux, dregs.] Dreg —
; gish, a. Full of, or foul with, lees; feculent.— Dreg
gy, -gt, a. Containing, etc.— Dreg/giness, n.
Drench, drench, v. t. [drenched (drencht), drench-
; ing.] To cause to drink; esp. to put a potion down
; the throat of , as of ahorse; to purge violently; to
; wet thoroughly, soak, saturate with liquid. n. — A
drink; draught; esp. a potion of medicine forced
; down the throat ; one that causes purging. [AS.
drencan, to drench, fr. drincan, to drink, D. drenken,
to water (a horse), Ic. drekkja, Sw. dranka, to steep,
G.traenken, to soak.] — Drench'er, n.
ing.] To make straight. (Mil.) To arrange as sol-
;

drawn, a detachment a sketch, outline, or repre-

; diers in a straight line, align. To adjust, put in good
sentation ( Com.) an order for payment of money,
; order; to treat with remedies, as a sore; to prepare
irrent of air that which
bill of exchange, draft; a current for use, get ready. (Mach.) To cut to proper di-
;

draws, as, a sink or drain pl pl. {Med.) a mild vesi-

; .
catory, a sinapism. Capacity of being drawn
(Ufaut.) Depth of water necessary to float a ship,
esp. when laden. (Com.) Allowance on goods, to
insure full weight, pl. A
game played on a check-
ered board; checkers. The bevel given to the pat-
tern for a casting, that it may be drawn from the
sand without injury to the mold. a. Used for
drawing; drawn directly from the barrel, etc.
To draw out, call forth. [Fr. AS. dragan ; D. and
Dan. dragt, a load, Dan. dragen, to draw ; same as
—
mensions; to smooth or finish work. To put clothes
upon, attire, array, adorn; to break and train for
use, as a horse, —v. i. (Mil.) To arrange one's self
in a line of soldiers. To clothe one's self. n. —
Clothes; garments; a lady's gown; attention to ap-
parel, or skill in adjusting it. [OF. dresser, drescer,
to set up, arrange, dress, f r. LL. drictus, contr. fr. L.
— directus, direct, straight.] To dress up, or out. To —
v. t. — dress elaborately, artificially, or pompously. To d, —
a ship. (Naut.) To deck her with colors. — Dress'"
er, n. One who, etc. esp. a surgeon's assistant who
;

draft, q. v.] Draught'-board, n. Board on which dresses wounds, etc.; a table on which food is pre-
draughts are played. —
Draughts'' man, n. ; pl. -men. pared; a cupboard for dishes, etc. Dressing, n. —
One who draws writings or designs. Dress; raiment; an application to a sore or wound;
Drawl, drawl, v. i. and t. [drawled (drawld), drawl- manure spread over land. (Cookery.) Stuffing ;
ing.] To utter in a slow, lengthened tone. n. A — forcemeat. Gum, starch, etc., used in preparing
lengthened utterance of the voice. [Extension of silk, linen, etc. (Arch.) An ornamental molding
draw ; D. dralen, Ic. dralla (= drag-la), to loiter.) around doors, windows, etc. Dress'y, -1, a. At- —
Dray, dra, n. A low cart for heavy burdens drawn by tentive to, or showy in, dress. Dress'-coat, n. — A
a horse; a drag; a squirrel's nest. [AS. drsege, a coat with narrow skirts, disting. f r. a frock-coat. —
draw-net, fr. dragan, Sw. drog, a dray, lit. thing -goods, n. pl. Fabrics for womens' and childrens*
drawn. See Drag, Draw.] Dray'age, -ej, n. Use — outer garments. mak'er, n. maker of gowns, A
of a dray,;or charge therefor. —
Draylnan, n. ; pl.etc.; mantua-maker. — Dress'ing-gown, n. A light
-men. One who attends a dray.
Dread, dred, n. Overwhelming apprehension of dan-
ger; reverential fear; awe; terror; dismay; an object
gown, used while dressing a loose wrapper worn
within doors by gentlemen. room, n. An apart-
ment in which to arrange one's dress, etc.
;

—
—
of fear. Dribble, Driblet. See under Drop.
a. Exciting fear; terrible frightful; ven- ;

erable in the highest degree, — v. t. To fear in a Drier. See under Dry.

great degree; to regard with terrific apprehension.— Drift, etc. See under Drive.
v. i. To be in great fear. [AS. drsedan, OS. dradan, Drill, dril, v. t. [drilled (drild), drilling.] To
OHG. tratan, to dread.] —
Dread'ful, -ful, a. In- pierce or bore with a drill; to train in the military
spiring dread, awe, or reverence; terrible; shocking. art, instruct in the rudiments of any branch of
— Dread'fully, adv. —
Dread'fulness, n. Dread*- — knowledge. v. i. —
To muster for military or other
less, a. Free from dread; intrepid. Dread'naught. — exercise. n. — A
pointed instrument for boring
-nawt, n. A
fearless person ; a garment of thick holes in metals and other hard substances: see Bit,
cloth, to exclude storm and cold; the cloth itself. under Bite; a drill-press; training of soldiers in the
Dream, drem.w. A
series of thoughts in sleep; a sleep- military art; instruction and exercise in any bus*
ing vision; an idle fancy or suspicion; revery; va- ness. [D. drillen, to
gary.— v. i. [dreamed (dremd) or dreamt (dremt), bore, also to train to
dreaming.] To have images in the mind, during arms ; s. rt. thrill.] —
slumber; to let the mind run on in revery; to antici- Drilling, n. Act of
pate as a coming reality; to imagine. v. t. To im- — piercing with a drill.
agine, think of, or believe in a dream, or in an anal- Drill' -press, n. ma- A
chine-tool for boring
ogous state. [AS., a sweet sound, harmony, joy, OS.
drom, joy, dream, Dan. and Sw. dram, D. droom, Ic.
draumr, G. ti-aum, dream; s. rt. drum, drone ; not s.
in metal
-sar'jent, n.
sergeant, . — A non-
rt. L. dormire, to sleep.] —
To dream away, out, commissioned officer
through, etc. To pass in revery or inaction; to spend who drills soldiers.
in idle vagaries. —Dream'er, m. —Dream 'y, -T, a. Drill, dril, v. t. and i. To
{dreamier; dreamiest.] Full of dreams; appro- sow (seeds) in rows,
priate to dreams. — Dreamless, a. Free from, etc. or channels.— n.
drills,
Drear, Dreary, drer'Y, o. [drearier; -iest.] Excit- An implement for
ing cheerless sensations or associations; comfortless; making holes for sow-
dismal; gloomy. [AS. dreorig, sad, orig. bloody, fr. ing seed; a furrow to
dreor, blood, gore, G. traumg, sad, fr. OHG. tror, put seed into. (Same
gore.]— Drear lly, -Y-lf, adv. Dreariness, n. — as trill, cor-
Dredge, drej, n. An instrument to take by dragging, r up t . of
esp. a machine for taking up mud, etc., from the bed trickle ; cf.
of a stream, —
v.t. [dredged (drejd), dredging.] W. rhillio,
To catch, gather, or deepen with a dredge. [OF. to put in a (

drege, D. dregnet, AS. draege-net, drag-net; fr. D. row, f r

dragen, AS. dragan, to draw. See Drag.] Dredg'- — rhill, row,
er, n.— Dredglng-machine', n. An engine to take tren c h . ]
—
up mud from the bottom of rivers, docks, etc. Drilling, n.
Dredge, drej, v. t. To sprinkle flour on (meat, etc.).— Act of plant- Drill-press.
n. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. ing with
(OF. dragee, mixed grain, digestive powder, now a drill. Drill'-plow, -plough, n. A plow for sowing
plum, It. treggea, fr. Gr. tragemata, dried grain in drills.

&m. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; odd, tone, or
 DRILLING- 165 DROPSY
Drilling, drilling, n. A
coarse linen or cotton cloth, for sport farce. [F. drole, a wag, droier, to play
.for trowsers, etc. [G. driUich, fr. L. trilex, -ids, hav- tne wag, drolerie, wagg
the waggery, D. droUig, odd, Sw. and
ing 3 threads, fr. tres, three, and liciu.ni, a thread.] hobgoblin?]— DrolKish, a.
Ic. troll, a hobgoblin/]— Somewhat
Drink, drink, v. i. [imp. drank, formerly drunk; p. droll. — DrolKery, -er-f, n. Quality of being droll;
JO.DRUNKOrDRANK, formerly DRUNKEN; DRINKING.] archness; fun.
To swallow anything liquid; to partake of intoxi- Dromedary, drunKe-dSr-T, n. A species of camel hav-
cating liquors in merriment, feasting, etc., or to ex- ing one bunch on the back.—
cess.— v. i. To swallow (liquids), imbibe, absorb; disting.f r. the B actrian
to take in through the senses, hear, see. n. Liquor — Camel, which has two. [OF.
to be swallowed. [AS. drincan, D. drinken, to drink; dromedaire, LL. dromedariua,
s. rt. drench, drown, perh. drag.] —
To drink to. To L. dromas, fr. Gr. dramein,
salute in drinking. —
Drink'er, n. One who, etc.; r
Skr. dram, to run.]
esp. who uses spirituous liquors to excess.— Drink' - Drone, dron, n. The male o;"
able, a.— Drunk, a. Overcome by drinking; intox- the honey-bee, which makes
icated; inebriated. — Drunk'en, -n,a. Drunk; given no honey, but after living a
to excessive drinking; pert, to or proceeding from few weeks, is killed or driven
intoxication.— Drtmk'enness, n. State of being, from the hive; a lazy fellow;
etc.; inebriety; disorder of the faculties as if from sluggard.— v. i. [dr'onld i,drond), droning.
intoxication.— Drunk'arft, n. One who habitually live in idleness. [AS. dran. Dun. drone, Sw.
drinks to excess; a toper, inebriate. nare, ir. drona, to drone, fr. the sound made by the
Drip, etc. See under Drop. insect.] — ». A humming, low sound; that which
Drive, drfv, v. t. [imp. drove (drov); p. p. driven gives out a monotonous tone, as, the largest tube ol
(driven); driving.] To push forward, compel to the bagpipe.— v. i. To give a low, heavy, dull sound.
move on; to chase, hunt; to urge on and guide, as —
v. t. To read or recite in a dull, monotonous tone.
beasts drawing a vehicle; to take in a carriage. (Min- [D. dreunen. to make a trembling noise, Sw. drona,
ing.) To dig horizontally. To urge, impel, hurry for- to drone, bellow, Dan. drone, to rumble, Skr. dhran,
ward, force, constrain; to carry on, prosecute.— v. to sound.] —
Dron'ish, a. Like a drone; idle; slug-
i. To rush and press with violence; to be impelled; gish. —
Drone'-bee, n. The male bee. fly, n. A
to proceed by urging on a vehicle or the animals two-winged insect resembling the drone-bee. pipe,
drawing it; to aim or tend to a point.- n. An ex- n. The largest tube of a bagpipe.
cursion in a carriage, —
disting. fr. a ride, which is Drool, drool, v. i. To drop saliva. [Contr. f r. dnvelA
taken on horseback; a road prepared for driving; a Droop, droop, v. i. [drooped (droopt), drooping.}
strong direct blow given to a cricket ball. [AS. To sink or hang down, as an animal, plant, etc..
dri/'an, D. drijven, Ic. drifa, Sw. drifya, Dan. drive, from weakness to grow faint, be dispirited, flag,
;

MHG. triben, to drive.]— To let drive. To aim a languish. [Ic. drupa; s. rt. drjupa, to drip, drop.)
blow, strike with force. —
Driv'er, n. One who or Drop, drop, n. The quantity of fluid which falls m
that which, etc.; esp. one who drives horses, runs a one small spherical mass, globule about to fall,
locomotive, oversees slaves, etc. (31ach.) That which smallest easily measured portion of a fluid; what-
communicates motion to something else. (Naut.) ever is arranged to drop, hang, or fall from an ele-
The after-sail in a ship, etc. spanker: see Sail.—
; vated position, as, a door or platform opening down-
Drive'-way, n. A passage-way for carriages.— Driv'- ward, trapdoor, machine for lowering weights to a
ing-band, n. (Mach.) A belt or gearing for trans- ship's deck, contrivance for lowering a gas jet, cur-
mitting power to machinery. shaft, n. shaft A
tain which drops in front of a stage, etc.; a drop
for, etc. wheel, n. A wheel that communicates press. (Mach.) Distance of a shaft below the base
motion; wheel of a locomotive upon which the en- of a hanger, pi. Any medicine measured by drops.
gine acts. —Drift, n. That which is driven; a mass (Naut.) Depth of a sail, from head to foot, amid-
of matter forced into its present position a drove or ; ships.— v. t. [dropped (dropt), -ping.] To pour
flock, as of cattle, birds, etc. act or motion of drift-
; or let fall in drops, distill; to cause to descend sud-
ing, force which impels; course along which any- denly, let fall; to let go, dismiss, set aside; to com-
thing is driven; tendency of an act, argument, etc.; municate in an indirect, cautious, or gentle manner;
object aimed at; import of words. (Arch.) The hor- to lower, as a curtain, the muzzle of a gun, etc.; to
izontal force which an arch exerts. (Geol.) A col- send by dropping into the post-office box, as a letter-,
lection of earth and rocks distributed over portions to cover with drops, speckle, bedrop; to give birth
of the earth's surface. (Mech.) A
conical hand- to, —
said of sheep, cattle, etc. v. i. To distill,—
tool for shaping a hole in metal. (Mil.) A tool for fall in globules, let drops fall; to descend suddenly,
driving down the composition in a firework. (Min- abruptly, or spontaneously; to die suddenly, come
ing.) A passage under ground. (Rant.) Direction to an end, cease; to come unexpectedly; to fall or
of a current; distance to which a vessel is drawn off be depressed; to lower. (Naut.) To be deep in ex-
from her desired course a piece in the sheer-draught, tent. [AS. dropa, D. drop, Ic. drojri. Sw. droppe, a
where the rail is cut off.
;

v. i.— To be driven along drop; AS. dropian, Ic. drjupa, to drop.] Drop se- —
by a current of water; to be driven into heaps. (Min- rene. (Med.) An affection of the retina, causing
ing.) To follow a vein, prospect, v. t. — To drive blindness, —
prob. so called because it produces no
into heaps. [D., a drove, current; Ic, a snow-drift; visible change in the organization of the eye. To —
Sw., impulse; G. trift, a drove, herd.] —
Drifl/y, -T, drop aste)~n. (Naut.) To pass or move toward the
a. Full of, or tending to form, drifts. —
Drifts-sail, stern; to slacken the velocity of a vessel, to let an-
n. (Naut.) A sail used under water in a storm, to other pass her. —
To d. down. (Naut.) To move
keep the head of a vessel right upon the sea, and down a river, or toward the sea. Droplet, n, A
prevent her driving too fast in a current.
A
way, n. —little drop. Drop'per, n. — —
Drop'-lefcter, n. A let-
common way for driving cattle in. (Mining &
Naut.) Same as Drift, —-wood, n. Wood drifted
or floated by water. —
Drove, drov, n. A collection
the same town. press, n. —
ter dropped into a post-office box, for delivery in
machine for emboss-
ing, punching, etc., by means of a weight made to
A
of cattle, etc., for driving or in motion- a moving drop on an anvil. scene, n. A
curtain which drops
crowd of people. (Agr.) A
drain or channel for in front of the stage, in a theater, —-wort, -wert, n.
irrigating land. [AS. draf, fr. drifan.\ —
Drov'er, n. (Bot.) A
species of Spiraea, including 6ome orna-
Adriver of sheep, cattle, etc. mental shrubs.— Drip, v. i. and t. [dripped (dript),
Drivel, driv'l, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To let spit- dripping.] To let fall in drops. n. falling in— A
tle flow from the mouth, like a child or dotard; to be drops; that which fall6 in drops. (Arch.) Edge of
—
weak or foolish; to dote. n. Slaver; saliva flowing a roof; eaves; cornice. [Dan. dryp, a drop, dryppe,
from the mouth; unmeaning utterance; nonsense; to drip, AS. drypan, to let dropj Drip'ping, n. —
a fool; idiot. [ME. drauelen, Platt-Deutsch drabbeln, What falls in drops, as fat from roasting meat.—
to slaver; s. rt. Ir. drab, a stain: see Drab; Sw. draf- Drip'-stone, n. (Arch.) A
tablet over door-ways,
vel, nonsense.]— Driveler, driv'l-e'r, n. A
slabberer; window.-, etc., to throw off rain. Drip 'ping-pan, —
idiot; fool. n. A
pan to receive the fat dropping from roasting
Drizzle, driz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To rain meat. —
Drib'ble, -bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.]
gently, fall in very small drops. v. t. — To shed in To fall in drops, or in a quick succession of drops;
minute drops.— n. Fine rain or mist; mizzle. [Freq. to slaver, as a child or idiot. v. t. —
To throw down
fr. AS. dreosan, to fall, Dan. drysse, to fall in drops. J in drops. [Freq. of drip.] Driblet, -let. n. A—
—Driz'zly, -zli, a. Shedding small rain. very small drop; small quantity or sum.
Droll, drol, a. Fitted to provoke laughter queer Dropsy, drop's^, n. (Med.) An unnatural collection
funny; comical. —
n. One who raises mirth by odd
;

of serous fluid in any part of the body. (Bot.) A

tricks; jester; buffoon; antic; something exhibited disease of plants, occasioned by excess of water.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, chin, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ; ;

DROSKY 166 DUCK

[OF. hydropisie, I*. hudropisig, Gr. hydrops, fr. ku- noise made by a partridge by beating his wings upon
dor, water; s. rt. water.] —
Drop'sical, a. Diseased his sides. —
Drum'flsh, n. See Drum, n. -head, n. —
with, like, or pert, to, dropsy. —
Drop'slcalness, n. The upper part of a drum; top of a capstan, pierced
Drosky, dros'kl, n. A 4-wheeled Russian carriage a with holes for levers used in turning it.—Drum-head
;

kin of victoria used in German cities. [Russ. drofbi.] court-martial. (Mil.) A court-martial called sud-
1
1

Drosometer, dro-soro'e-ter, w. An instrument for

measuring the quantity of dew on the surface of a
body. [GV. drosoe, dew, and metron, measure.]
Dross, dros, n. The scum or extraneous matter of
metals, thrown off in melting; rust; crust of metals; Drummond-light, drum'mund-lTt, n. An intense light,
impure matter; refuse. [AS. dros, prop, what falls,
fr. dreosan, to fall, D. droemem, dregs, G. drusen,
lees, dregs, druse, ore decayed by the weather.]
Dross'y, -T, a. Composed of, like, or pert, to dross;
worthless. —
Dressiness, n.
Drought, drowt, n. Dryness of the weather, prevent- Drupe, droop, n. (Bot.) A pulpy, coriaceous or
ing growth of plants. [AS. drugadhe, fr. drug-
tan, to dry, dryge, dry; D. droogte, fr. droog, dry.]
— Drought'y, -I, a. Characterized by drought
denly or on the field. —
major, n. Chief drummer
of a regiment; leader of a military band or drum
corps when marching. —
stick, n. Stick for beating
a drum; upper joint of a fowl's leg, shaped like, etc.
produced by turning 2 streams of gas, one oxygen
and the other hydrogen, upon a ball of lime, or a
—
stream of oxygen gas through a flame of alcohol.
[Fr. the inventor.]
Drunk, Drunkard, etc. See under Drink.
fibrous pericarp or fruit, without valves, containing
a nut or stone with a kernel. See Pericarp. [1., a
stone-fruit, f r. L. drupa, Gr. aruppa, an over-ripe
;

wanting rain; arid; adust; thirsty.

— —
Drought 1- olive, fr. drupepes, ripened on the tree (drus, tree,
ness, n. Drouth, n. Same as Drought. and peptein, to cook, ripen), or fr. drupetes, falling
Drove, Drover. See under Drive. from the tree (piptein, to fall).] Drupa'ceous, —
Drown, drown, v. t. [drowned (drownd), drown- -shus, a. Producing, pert, to, or like, etc. Dru'- —
1
ing.] To overwhelm in water, submerge, deluge; pel, n. Any fleshy or pulpy fruit having many small
to deprive of life by immersion, sink under water stony seeds, as the raspberry.
,

till dead to overpower, overcome.

; v. i. —
To be Druse, droos, n. (Mining.) A cavity in a rock, stud-
suffocated in water or other fluid. [AS. druncnian, ded within with crystals or filled with water. [G.,
Sw. drvmkna, Dan. drukne, to be drowned, fr. Sw. crystallized piece of ore, Bohem. druza.]
dricka, Dan. drikke, to drink.] Druse, drooz, n. One of a peculiar Arabic-speaking
Drowse, drowz, v. i. [drowsed (drowzd), drows- sect or people of Mt. Lebanon, Syria.
ing.] To sleep unsoundly, slumber.— v. t. To make Dry, dri, a. [drier, driest.] Free from moisture,
heavy with sleepiness. n. — A
slight or imperfect as (said of the weather) free from rain or mist, for
sleep ; a doze. [AS. drusian, to be sluggish.] —
vegetable matter) from juices or sap, (of animals)
Drow'sy, -zl, a. [-sier, -siest.] Inclined to doze; not giving milk, (of persons) thirsty, needing drink,
heavy with sleepiness; disposing to sleep stupid ; (of the eyes) not shedding tears; destitute of that
soporific. —
Drow'sily, adv. —
Drow'siness, n.
;

which interests or amuses unembellished ; plain ; ;

Drub, drub, v. t. [drubbed (drubd), drubbing.] To characterized by shrewdness, or sarcasm sharp. ;

beat with a stick, thrash, pommel. —

n. A blow with (Fine Arts.) Exhibiting a sharp, frigid preciseness
a stick or cudgel; a thump. [AS. drepan, to hit, of execution. v. t. —
[dried (drid), drying.] To
slay, Ic. drepa, Sw. drapa, Dan. drabe, to kill, Sw. free from moisture. —
v. i. To grow dry, lose mois-
drabba, to hit.] — Drub'ber, n. ture; to evaporate wholly, be exhaled. [AS. dryge,
Drudge, druj, v. i. [drudged (drujd), drudging.] D. droog, G. trocken, dry; s. rt. drought, drug, perh.
To work hard, labor in mean offices with toil. n. —
drink.] —
Dry-cupping. (Med.) Application of a
One who drudges. [Ir. drugaire, a drudge, slave.] cupping-glass without scarification of the skin. D. —
—
Drudg'er, n. —
Drudg'ery, -er-Y, ». Act of goods. (Com.) Cloths, laces, ribbons, etc., disting.
drudging; hard labor; ignoble toil. fr. groceries. D. measure. A measure of volume
Drug, drug, n. Any substance used in the composi- for dry or coarse articles. —
D. wine. That in which
tion of medicine, or in dyeing or in chemical opera- saccharine matter and fermentation are so balanced,
tions; any commodity that lies on hand, or is not that they have decomposed each other, and no
salable. v. i.—[drugged (drugd), -ging.] To ad- sweetness is perceptible. —
To d. up. To scorch or
minister drugs. v. t.—To season with drugs; tinc- parch with thirst; to stop talking. — Dri'er, Dry'er,
ture with something offensive or injurious; dose to n. —
Dry'ing, a. Adapted to exhaust moisture ;
exeess. [ME. dragges, fr. OF. dragie : see Drage*es rapidly becoming dry and hard.— Dryly, adv.—
and Dredge, v. t. ; or ME. drogges, fr. OF. drogue, Dry'ness, n. —
Dry'bone, n. (Min.) Smithsonite
It., Sp., and Pg. droga, a drug, trash, rubbish, carbonate of zinc. dock, n. See Dock. nurse,
—
Drug'gist, ». One who n. A nurse who attends and feeds a child by hand.
prob. Jr. D. droog, dry.]
deals in drugs, esp. one who buys and sells, without
compounding them. —
Drug'get. n. A coarse
—
point, n. A needle used in copper-plate en-
graving to draw fine lines and make dots in stip-
woolen cloth, to protect carpets. [OF. droguet, dim.
of drogue, Sp. droguete. It. droghetta, dim. of droga.]
pling and shading.
verting its substance into dry powder.
—
rot, n. Decay of timber, con-
rub, v. t. —
Druid, droold, n. A priest among the ancient Celts [dry-rubbed (-rubd), -rubbing.] To rub and
in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. [Ir. and Ga. druidh, cleanse without wetting. —
salt'er, n. A dealer in
magician, W. derwydd, a druid.]
— —
Druldess, n. salted or dry meats, pickles, sauces, etc., also in
A female Druid; enchantress. Druidlc, -leaL a. drugs, dye-stuffs, and chemicals. salt'ery, n.
Pert, to, or like Druids or their religion. Druid- — Articles kept by, or business of, a dry-salter.
ism, n. System of religion, philosophy, etc., of, etc. Dryad, dri'ad, n. (Myth.) A nymph of the woods.
Drum, drum, n. (Mus.) A
hollow cylinder or hemi- [L. dryas, Gr. druas, fr. drus, tree; s. rt. tree.]
sphere, upon which vellum is stretched, to be Duad, Dual, Duarchy, etc. See under Duo.
beaten with a stick. (Mil.) A drummer. Anything Dualin. See Nitro-glycerine.
drum-shaped, as a sheet-iron radiator, receiving Dub, dub, v. t. [dubbed rdubd), -bing.] To strike
heat from a stove-pipe; a cylindrical box in which with a sword and make a knight; to invest with any
figs, etc., are packed. (Anat^) The tympanum or dignity, entitle; to prepare (a game cock) for fight-
barrel ©f the ear. (Arch.') The upright part of a ing, by trimming the hackles and cutting off the
cupola; also the bell-formed part of the Corinthian comb and gills. [AS. dubban, to dub, OSw. and Ic.
and composite capitals. (Mech.) A cylinder revolv- dubba, to strike; perh. same as dab.Y Dub'ber, n. —
ing on an axis, for turning wheels by means of Dubious, Dubitation, etc. See under Doubt.
straps around it. (Jchth.) A fish which makes a Ducal, Ducat, Duchy, etc. See under Duke.
—
drumming or grunting sound under water. v. i. Duces tecum, du'sez-te'kum. (Law.) A process
[drummed (drumd), drumming.] To beat on a ordering one to bring specified documents, etc.
drum, beat with the fingers, as with drum-sticks; with him into court. [L., You will bring with you .

to beat, as the heartthrob; to go about to gather Duck, duk, n. A kind of coarse cloth or light eanva
recruits, secure partisans, customers, etc. v. t. To— for tents, small sails, bed-sacking, etc. [D. doek,
ex-ecute on a drum, as a tune; with out, to expel linen cloth, Dan. dug, Sw. duk, G. tuch, cloth.]
with beat of drum; with up, to assemble by beat of Duck, duk, n. A water fowl; a dip of the head. [Dan.
drum, gather; without up, to solicit the custom of. dukand, Sw. dykfagel, a diver (bird).] v. t. —
[Perh. onomat. and s. rt. drone; Dan. drum, a [ducked (dukt), ducking.] To plunge into water
booming sound, lc. thruma, to rattle, E. thrum; D. and suddenly withdraw; to immerse; to plunge the
from, Dan. tromme, G. trommel, a drum.] Drunv'-— head of in water, immediately withdrawing it; to
mer, n. One who beats, etc. a traveling salesman. bow, stoop, or nod. v. i. —
To plunge the head in
—
;

Drum'ming, n. Act of beating (a drum); act of water; to drop the head or person suddenly. [D.
Striking repeatedly with the ends of the fingers, etc.; duiken, to stoop, Dan. dukke, Sw. dyka, to dive].

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 DUCK 367 DUNG
— To make ducks and cally. adv. — Duch'y, -T, n. Dukedom. — Duc'at, h.
drakes. To throw a flat A coin of several countries in Europe, 6truck in the
stone, etc, obliquely dominions of a duke. [OF.; It. aucato.) Due'a- —
upon the water, making toon', n. A
silver coin of several countries of Eu-
it rebound; to squander. rope. [F. & Sp. ducaton, fr. ducat.)
— Lame
duck. de- A Dulcet, dul'set, a. Sweet to the taste, the eai\ or the
f aulter at the stock ex- ^-~ Jfc mind; luscious melodious ;

change. — Duck'er, n.
'
harmonious. [OF. doucet,
;

One who, etc. ; a plun- dolcet, Olt. dolcetto; OF.

ger; diver; a cringing, dols, dolce, L. dulcis, sweet.]
servile person; fawner. — DuKcify, -sT-fi, v. t. [-fied
— Duck' ling, n. A (-fid), -fying.] To make
young duck. — Duck'- sweet sweeten. [L. facere,
bill, n. (Zobl.) Amam- factum, to make.]
;

Dul'cifi- —
mii'erous animal ofAu- Duck (A. boschas). ca'tion, n. Dul'cimer, n. —
straliaand Van Diemen's Land, having a bill like A stringed instrument,
a duck's, with the head of a quadruped ornitho- ; played on with little sticks Dulcimer,
rhynchus. — Duck'ing-stool, n. A chair in which or metallic rods. [OF. doulccmer, Sp. dulremele, fr.
common scolds were formerly tied, and plunged L. dulce melos, sweet song, L. and Gr. melos, song.]
into water cucking-stool.
; Dull, dul, a. Slow of understanding slow in action, ;

Duck, duk, n. A
pet, darling. [Dan. dukke, Sw. motion, perception, sensibility, etc. lacking sharp- :

docka, OHG. tocha, doll. See Doxy.] ness; blunt not bright or clear to the eve heavy;
;
;

Duct, dukt, n. Any tube by which a fluid or other gross insensible furnishing little delight or vari-
; ;

substance is conducted to its destination. [L.

— ety ; inanimate; sluggish: tarnished; obtuse. v. t. —
dticere, ductum, to lead. See Douche, Duke.] [dulled (duld), -ling.] To make dull, stupid, or
Duc'tile, -til, a. Easily led or drawn out; tractable; sluggish stupefy to make blunt to dim or ob-
—
; ; ;

flexible pliable ; obsequious

;
capable of being ; scure to deprive of activity.
; v. i. To become
drawn out into wire or threads. [F. ; L. ductilis, f r. dull. [AS. dol, dwol, Goth, dvvals, foolish, stupid,
ducere.) —
Duc'tileness, -til'ity, -T-tT, D. dol, G. toll, mad.] Dull'ard, n. A stupid per- —
•udeen, dud'en, n.
Dudeen, A
tobacco-pipe. [Ir. dud-
short tobacco- son dolt dunce.
; DulKness, n. Dttl'ly, adv.
;
— —
teen.] Dulse, duls, n. (Bot.) sea-weed, which adheres to A
Dudgeon, duj'un, n. A small dagger;
hilt of a dagger. rocks, and is sometimes eaten. [Scot.]
[G. degen, sword; MHG., dagger.] Duly. See under Due.
Dudgeon, duj'un, n. Anger; resentment; malice; Dumb, dum, a. Without power of speech not will- ;

ill-will; discord. [W. dychan, a jeer, dygen, malice, ing to speak mute silent. [AS. Ic. dumhr, Goth.
; ; ;

resentment, dueg, spleen.] dumbs, G. dumrn, mute D. dom, Sw. dumb, Dan. :

Duds, dudz, n. pi. Old clothes tattered garments; ; dum, stupid.] — Dumb'ly, adv. — Dum^'ness.
Lniin^'ness. ™. —
effects in general. [Scot, dud, rag, D. todde.) Dumb'-bells, n. Two spheres of iron
Due, du, a. Owed; proper to be paid or done to an-
other required by the circumstances
;

enforced by conscience becoming

suitable
appropriate; ; ;
; ;
connected by a bar, for swinging
in the hands. show, n. Gesture
without words; pantomime.—
—
fit ;appointed exact liable to come at any mo-
; ; -wait'er, n. A movable frame to
ment owing occasioned. adv. Directly ex- — carry dishes, etc., from one story to
;

actly: duly. n. — ;

That which is owed, or which

;

another. — Dum'found, -founder,

custom, station, or law requires to be paid; a fee; v. t. To strike dumb, confuse. — Dumb-bells.
emolument; right; just title or claim. [OF. deu, p. Dam'my, -mT, n. One who is dumb; a dumb-waiter;
p. of devoir, L. debere, to owe. See Debt.] Du'ly, — a sham package in a shop figure on which clothing ;

-IT, adv. In a due, fit, or becoming manner; regu- is exhibited; a locomotive with condensing engines,
larly: at the proper time. Due'-bill, n. (Com.) — A and without the noise of escaping steam; the exposed
written acknowledgment of a debt, not payable to hand when persons play at cards a clumsy, awk-
.3

order or transferable by indorsement. Du/ty, -tl, — ward, or thick-witted fellow one who plays a ;
;

n. What is due from one to another; esp. what one merely nominal part in any action a thing which is ;

is bound, by any obligation, to do, or refrain from

— not what it pretends to be. a. Silent; mute: sham. —
doing service rendered respectful obedience, Dump, dump, n. A gloomy state of the mind melan-
;

said esp. of military service reverence regard.

;

: ; choly despondency,
; usually in pi. [Dan., dull, — ;

(Com.) Tax, toll, impost, or customs; excise.— low, Sw. dial, dump'in, melancholy, p. p. of dimba, to
Du'teous, -te-us, a. Performing what is due; or steam, D. dommg, damp, misty, fr. dampen, to
what law, justice, or propriety requires. Du'teous- — quench: s. rt. damp.) Dump'ish. a. Dull: stupid; —
ly, adv. —
Du'teousness, n. Dutiable, -tT-a-bl, a. — moping. —
Dumplshly, adv. — Dump'ishness, n.
Subject to the payment of a duty. — Du'tiful, -ful, a. Dump, dump, r. t. [dumped (dumpt), dumping.] To
Performing obligations required by law, justice, or unload from a cart by tilting it. [Sw. dompa, Sw.
propriety submissive to superiors controlled by,
; ; dial, dimpa, to fall down plump.]
or proceeding from, a sense of dutv obedient Dumpy, dump'!, a. Short and thick. [Cf. D. damp-
respectful. —
Du'tifully, adv. Du/tifulness, n. — ;

neus, a misshapen nose, Ic. dumpa, to thump, Sw.

Duel, du'el, n. A
combat between 2 persons; esp. a dumpa, to dance awkwardly.] Dump'ling, n. A —
Sremeditated fight between 2 persons to decide a thick pudding or mass of paste in cookery.
ifference. —
v.i. To fight in single combat. v. t. — Dun, dun, a. Of a dark eolor partaking of brown
To attack or fight singly. [F.: It. duello, L. duellum, and black; swarthy; dark: gloomy; obscure. v.t.
;

—
fr. duo, two L. duellum, bellum, war.]
; Du'elist, — To cure, as codfish, so as to give them a dun color.
n. One who, etc. —Duello, n. duel; practice A [AS. dunn, dark, Ir. and Ga. donn, brown, W. dron,
of dueling; code of laws regulating it. [It.] swarthy.] —
Dun'flsh, n. Codfish rendered dun by
Duenna. See under Dominie. curing. —
Dun'nish, a. Somewhat dun.
Duet. See under Duo. Dun, dun, v. t. [dunned (dund), -ning.j To beset, or
Duffel. Duffle, duf 'fl, n. coarse woolen cloth, withA ask with importunity, as a debtor, for payment. —
thick nap. [D., name of a town in the Netherlands.] n. One who duns an urgent demand of payment. :

Dug, dug, n. A
teat, or nipple, esp. of a beast. [Sw. [Same as din : AS. dynnan, Ic. dynju. to make a din,
do.gga, Dan. daegge, to suckle, Skr. duh, to milk.] duna, to thunder.] Dun^ner, n. A dun. —
Dug. See Dig. Dunce, duns, n. person of weak intellect A
a dul- ;

Dugong, du-gong r n. A swimming mammal of the E.

, lard dolt ;thickskull simpleton.
: [Orig. a nick- ;

Indian seas, having the aquatic habits of the whales, name applied by the Thomists, or followers of
but herbivorous. [Malav duyong.) Thomas Aquinas, to the Scotists, disciples of Johan-
Duke, duk, n. Orig. a leader; chief; in Eng. one of nes Duns Scotus.]
the highest order of nobility next below the Prince Dunder, dun'der, n. The dregs of cane-juice, used in
of Wales; in some European countries, a sovereign distilling rum. [Sp. redundar, to overflow.]
prince without the title of king. [F. due, L. dux, Dunderhead, dun'der-hed, -pate, -pat, n. dunce. A
duds, fr. ducere, to lead; s. rt. tug, duct, conduct, [Prov._E., fr. D. donder, thunder.]
adduce, etc.] —
Duke'dom, -dum, n. Seigniory or Dune, doon, n. A
low hill of sand on a sea-coast. [AS.
possessions, title or quality, of a duke. Ducb/ess, — dun, same as down, q. v.]
n. The consort of a duke; a lady having the sov- Dung, dung, n. The excrement of an animal. r. t. —
ereignty of a duchv in her own right. [F. duchesse, [dunged (dungdj), dunging.] To manure with
fem. of due.) —
Du'cal, a. Pert. to. etc. [F.] Du'- — dung. (Calico Print.) To immerse in a bath of cow-

sun, cube, full ; moon, font ; cow, oil ; lir>p-er or ink, then. boNbox, chair, get.
 — ; ;

DUJXTG-EON 168 DYAD

dung diffused in hot water. v.u To void excre- firm, W. dir, certain, sure Gr. dunamis, force.] —
ment. [AS. and OFries.; s. rt. dingy. 1 — Dung'y, -Y,
;

Du'rable, a. Able to endure or continue in a par-

a. Full of, etc. nasty ; vile. ; Dung'-fork, n. A — ticular condition; not perishable or changeable; per-
—
dung. —
fork with several tines, used to remove or spread
hill, n. A heap of dung any mean situa-
tion or condition; a vile abode.
;
manent firm stable constant.
-billty, -tl, n.
; ;

—Dulableness,
Dulably, acfo. Dur'ance, -ans, n.
Continuance duration imprisonment duress.
;
;

;
—
; —
Dungeon, dun'jun, n. A donjon, q. v., and see Cas- Dura'tion, n. Quality of enduring; continuance in
tle; a secure prison: esp. a dark, subterranean place time prolonged existence portion of time during
;

of confinement. [OF. donjon, LL. domnio, dunjo, which anything exists. Duress, du'res or du-res', — ;

contr. f r. dominio, a principal possession, dominion. n. Hardship constraint imprisonment. (Law.)

; ;

See Domain, Dominate.] State of compulsion in which one is induced, by re-

Dunker. dunk'er, n. Same as Tunkee. straint of his liberty or menace of bodily harm, to
Dunlin, dun'lin, n. (Ornith.) A species of sandpiper. do some legal act, or to commit a misdemeanor. [OF.
[Prob. Celtic s. rt. dune, down.)
; duresce.] —During, prep. In the time of as long ;

Dunnage, dun'nej, n. (Naut.) Loose materials laid on as the action or existence of. [Orig. p. pr. of dureT]
a ship's bottom to raise goods above injury by water — Durom^eter, n. An instrument for testing hard-
in the hold; loose articles wedged between parts of ness of material, esp. of steel rails. [Gr. metron,
the cargo, to hold them steady. [Prob. s. rt. dune.'] measure.]— Dura-mater, dula-ma'ter, n. (Anat.)
Duo, du"o, n. (Mus.) A duet. [L., two Gr. duo, The outer membrane of the brain. [L.,lit. hard
Skr. dra. See Two.] —
Duet, du-ef, n. A musical
;

mother,— called mater, because formerly thought to

composition for two performers. [It. duetto, fr. due give rise to every membrane of the body.]
= L. duo.]— Du'etti'no, short duet. -te'no, n. A Durst. See Dare.
[It.,dim. of duetto.] —
Du'al, a. Expressing or con- Dusk, dusk, a. Tending to darkness or blackness
sisting of the number 2; pert, to 2. Du'alism, -izm, — darkish. n. —
Imperfect obscurity twilight a ; ;
;

n. The dividing into 2 anytbing divided into 2 ; a

; color partially black or dark. [AS. deorc, dark, Sw.
twofold division a system which assumes, or is dial, dusk, a shower, duskug, misty.] Dusk'y, -T, —
—
;

founded on a double principle. Du'alist, n. One a. Partial! v dark or obscure; dark-colored; gloomy;
who believes in dualism. Dualistlc, a. Consist- — sad ; intellectually clouded. Duskily, adv. — —
ing of 2; pert, to dualism or duality.— Duality, -T-tY, Dusk'iness, n. —
Dusklsh, a. Partially obscured.
n. That which expresses 2 in number division Dust, dust, n. Very fine, dry particles of earth, etc.
separation state or quality of being 2. Du'ad, —
;

n.
;

powder fine sand the earth as the resting-place

Union of 2
;

; duality. [Gr. duas, duados, f r. duo.] — ;

of the dead; the grave; a low condition gold-dust

;

Du'archy, -ar-kY, n. Government by 2 persons. money specie. —

v. t. To free from dust, sprink-
;

[Gr. arche, government.] Du'ple, -pi, o. Double. — le

;

with dust, reduce to powder. [AS. and Ic., dust,

FL. duplus] —
Duple ratio. (Math.) That in which
— D. duist, Dan. dyst, fine flour, Sw., Dan., and G.
the antecedent term is double the consequent. dunst, vapor, L. fumus, Skr. dhuma, smoke, Skr.
Sub-duple ratio. The reverse of duple ratio. Du r- — dhuli, dust, dhu, to blow, shake off.] To raise, or —
plex, a. Double twofold. [L., fr. duo and plicare,
; kick up, the dust. To make a commotion.— Dust'er,
-catum, to fold.] —
Duplex ratio. (Math.) Product n. One who, or that which, etc. an overgarment
of a ratio. —
D. escapement. peculiar kind of A to protect the clothes from dust. Dust'y, -X, a.
;

—
watch escapement, in which, the scape wheel hav- [-ier, -iest.] Filled, covered, sprinkled with, or
— —
ing 2 sets of teeth, a double action takes place at
each vibration of the balance.
Double ; twofold. n.
Du'plicate, -kat, a.
—
That which exactly resem-
—
like, etc. Dustiness, n. Dust'brush, n.
for removing dust, as from furniture.
pi. -men. One who carries away dirt and filth.
brush
man, n. ; —A
bles something else ; a copy ; transcript ; counter- Dutch, duch, a. Pert, to Holland, to its inhabitants,
part ; that which is of the same kind as some other or their language, —
used also, incorrectly, of Ger-
thing, but not necessarily resembling it in other re- mans. —
v. t. To render clear and hard by dipping
spects. (Law.) A
document essentially the same into hot oil, sand, etc.,— as goose-quills. [G. deutsch,
as another, and differing from a mere copy in hav- lit. belonging to the people, MHG. diutisk, Goth.
ing all the validity of an original. v. t. To double — thiuda, AS. theod, a people, nation; s. rt. L. Teutones,
to make a copy of. (Physiol.) To divide into 2 by Teutons, Skr. tu, to be strong.] Dutch cheese. A —
natural growth or spontaneous action. Duplicate — small, round, hard cheese, made from skim milk.
—
proportioti or ratio. (Math.) The proportion or D. clinker. A long, hard brick made in Holland.
ratio of squares. —
Duplicalion, n. Act of duplica- —D.foil, leaf, or gold. An alloy of copper and zinc,
ting. (Physiol.) Act or process of dividing by nat- rolled or beaten into thin sheets. D. oven. tin — A
ural growth or spontaneous action. Duplicative, — screen for baking before a fire a shallow iron ;

-tiv, a. Having the quality of doubling. Du'pli- — kettle for baking, with a cover to hold burning
cature, -chur, n. A
doubling a fold, as of a mem- coals.—D. pink. Chalk or whiting dyed yellow, and
brane or vessel. —
Duplicity, -plisl-tY, n. Double-
;

used in distemper, and for paper-staining, etc. D. —

ness of heart, speech, or dealing ; dissimulation ; tile. Aglazed and painted ornamental tile, used in
deceit; guile; deception. (Law.) The use of two the jambs of chimneys.
or more distinct allegations or answers, where one Duumvir. See under Duo.
is sufficient. — Duumvir, du-um'vgr, n. ; pi. -viri, Dwarf, dwawrf, n. An animal or plant much below
-vY-rl. One of 2 officers or magistrates in ancient ordinary size esp., a diminutive man.
; v. t. —
Rome united in the same public functions. [L. duo [dwarfed (dwawrft), dwarfing.] To hinder from
and man.]— Duum'virate, -rat, n. Union of 2
vir, growing to the natural size to stunt. [AS. dweorg, ;

men in one office ; office, dignitv, or rule of, etc. aweorh, D. dwerg, Ic. dvergr, Sw. and Dan. dverg, a
Duodecimal, du-o-des'T-mal, a. Proceeding in com- dwarf.] —
Dwarfish, a. Like a dwarf very small;
putation by twelves. [L. duodecim, 12, fr. duo and petty despicable.
; DwarfIshness, n. — Dwarf-
;

—
decern, 10.] —
Duodecimals, n. pi. (Anth.) A kind wall, n. (Arch.) A
low wall, not as high as the
of multiplication in which the denominations pro- story of a building.
«*eed by twelves, as of feet and inches. —Duodeci- Dwell, dwel, v. i. [dwelled (dweld) usually dwelt,
mo, a. Formed of sheets folded so as to make 12 dwelling.] To abide as a permanent resident to ;

leaves. —
n. ; pi. -mos. A
book in which a sheet is inhabit for a time to be domiciled, reside, stay,
;

folded into 12 leaves ; the size of a book thus com- remain. [AS. dwellan, to retard, delay, dwal, dull,
posed,— usually indicated thus: 12mo, or 12°. [L. in torpid, Ic. dvelja, Sw. dvaljas, to dwell, tarry.] —
duodecimo, fr. duodecimus, 12th, fr. duodecim, 12.] — To dwell on, or upon. To continue on, occupy a long
Du'odene, -den, n. (Mus.) A group of 12 tones, time with, hang on with attention, be absorbed with.
arbitrarily used as a unit of construction. [L. duo- — Dwell'er, n. —
Dwell'ing, n. Habitation abode ;
—
Duoden'ary, -den'a-rt, a. Pert, to domicile. —
Dwelling-house, n. A house intended
;

deni, 12 apiece.]
the number
12
— Duode'num,
twelvefold increasing by twelves.
;

n. (Anat.) The first of the small in-

; for residence, disting. f r. a store, office, etc.
n. Place of residence, abode.
place, —
testines, about 12 fingers' breadth in length. [NL.] Dwindle, dwin'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To
Dupe, dup. n. One who is misled a gull. v. t. — diminish, waste away. —v. t. To make less, bring
[duped (dupt), duping.] To deceive, trick, mis-
;

low; to break, disperse. n. Process of dwindling — ;

lead by imposing on one's credulity. [F., orig. the decline. [AS. dwinan, Ic. dvina, Sw. tvina, to dwin-
name of the hoopoe, a bird easily caught.] dle, Skr. dhvams, to fall to pieces, perish.]
Duple, Duplicate, Duplicity, etc. See under Duo. Dyad, di'ad, a. (Chem.) Having an equivalence of
Dure, dur, v. i. [dured (durd), during.] To endure, 2; capable of being substituted for, combined with,
last, continue. [F. durer, L. durare, -atum, fr. durus, or replaced by, 2 atoms of hydrogen.— n. A couple;
hard, lasting, Ir. and Ga. dur, dull, hard, obstinate, pair. (Chem.) An atom whose equivalence is 2?

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tu. T ce ; 5dd, tone, 6r j
 DYAK 169 EARNEST
etc. dyade, L. dyas, dyadis, Gr. duos, duados,
[F. Dyscrasy, dis'kra-sT, n. (Med.) An ill habit or 6tate
the number 2, fr. duo, a. v.l of the constitution. [Gr. duskrasia, fr. dus-, insep-
Irak, di'ak, n. One of the aboriginal race of Borneo, arable pref. with a bad sense (= E. mis-; s. rt. Skr.
Sumatra, Celebes, etc. [Malay, savage.] dus-, dur-, Ir. do-, Goth, tus-, tuz-, Ic. tor-, OHG. zur-,
Dye, di, v. t. [dyed (did), dying.] To stain, color, G. zer-), and krasis, mixture.]
give a new and permanent color to. [AS. deagan,'- Dysentery, dis'en-ter-Y, n. (Med.) Inflammation of
— —
to dye, deag, deah, dye, color.] Dy'er, n.
house, n. Place where dyeing is carried on.
n. Material used in dyeing.
Dye /
stuff, — the rectum or colon, with griping pains, desire to
evacuate the bowels, and discharges of mucus and
blood. [Gr. dus- and entera, intestines, fr. entos,
Dying. See Die. within.] —
Dysenteric, -ical, a. Pert, to, accom-
Dyke. See Dike. panied with, proceeding from, or afflicted with, etc.
Dynamic, di-namlk, -ical, a. Pert, to strength or Dysmenorrhea, dis-men'o-re'a, n. (Med.) Difficult
Dower, or to dynamics.
power, dvnamics. Dynanr —
Dynamics, n. sing. Sci- menstruation. [Gr. dus-, menes, menses (pi. of men,
"
ence of moving forces,
ircee, —
opp. to statics;
stc the moving menos, month), and rhein, to flow.]
moral or physical forces of any kind, or laws whichwhich Dyspepsia, dis-nep'sY-a or -sha, -sy, -st, n. (Med.) Dis-
relate to them. (Mus.) Science of the force of mu turbance of the functions of the stomach chronic ;

sical sounds. [Gr. dunamis, power, dunasthai, to be difficulty of digestion. [Gr. duspepsia, fr. (his- and
strong. See Dure.]— Dynamiter, n. {Opt.) An peptein, to cook, digest.] —
Dyspep'tic, -tical, a.
instrument to determine the magnifying power of Afflicted with, pert, to, or consisting in, etc. Dys- —
telescopes. [Gr. metron, measure.] Dynamef- — pep'tic. n. One afflicted with, etc.
rical, a. Pert, to, etc. —
Dy'namite, n. See Nitro- Dysphony, dis'fo-nT, n. (Med.) Difficulty of speak-
glycerine. —
Dyn'amonr eter, n. An instrument ing, from an ill disposition of the organs of speech.
for measuring power, esp. that of animals, men, or [Gr. dus- and phone, sound, voice.]
machines. —
Dyn'amomettfric, -rical, a. Pert, to a Dyspnoea, disp-ne'a, n. (Med.) Difficulty of breath-
dynamometer, or the measure of force. Dy'nasty, — ing. [Gr. dus- and pnoe, pnoie, breathing, pnein, to
-U, n. Sovereignty esp. a race of kings, of the
;
blow, breathe.]
eame line, governing a particular country. [Gr. du- Dysury, dis'u-rt, n. (Med.) Difficulty in discharg-
nasteia, lordship, fr. dunastes, a lord, fr. dunasthai.] ing urine, with pain and heat. [Gr. dus- and ouron,
— DynaB'tic, a. Pert, to, etc. urine.] —
Dysu'ric, a. Pert to^Dr afflicted with, etc.

E.
E, S, the 2d vowel and 5th letter of the English alpha- (Naut.) A
rope attached to the
bet, is usually silent at the end of words, but indi- cringle of a sail, by which it is bent \
cates that the preceding vowel has its long sound, or reefed. —
Ear'arop, n. An ear-
ring. (Bot.) The auricula, a kind
where otherwise it would be short, as in mane, mete,
which without the final e would be pronounced
man, met. (Mus.) E
is the 3d tone of the model ear. —
of primrose.
lock, n.
—A
lap, n. Tip of the
curl of hair near
diatonic scale. £ t> (E flat) is a tone intermediate the ear; love-lock. -mark, n.— A
between D and E. mark on the ear, by slitting or
Each, ech, a. A distrib. adj. pron., used either with cropping, to identify a sheep, etc.;
or without a following noun, and denoting every
one of the individuals composing a whole, con-
sidered separately from the rest. [To each corre-
any distinguishing mark.
To mark for identification.
n. An
v. t.
ring,
ornament suspended from
——
sponds other. Each other is used elliptically for the ear by a ring passing through
each the other.'] [ME. eche, elch, AS. selc (perh. for the lobe.— -shot, n. Reach of the
eal
ilka,
lie,
D.
all-like, perh. for a lie, ever-like), Scot, ilk,
elk, OHG. eogalih, G.jeglich.]
e'ggr, a. Orig. sharp; sour; keen; excited by
sense of hearing; distance at which
words may be heard.
An
trump'et, — or Auricle
...
h lx; h ant-
,

Eager,
desire in pursuit of ardent to pursue,
an object
perform, or obtain; earnest. [OF. eigre, aigre, L.
;
n.
ing. —
instrument to aid in hear-
wax,
n. Cerumen; a sub-
stance secreted by the glands of
«•
«eiix;c.
f.
pna
sea-
P 1 ",?
-

08:"
—
'-

acer, acris, keen s. rt. acrid, vinegar.] Ea'gerly, the ear. —

-wig, n. leaf-eating A ?-^V-°- (boa *-
adv. — ;

Ea'gerness, n. Ardor; vehemence; avidity. insect, vulgarly believed to creep f

1Ke lossa
->
a. ;

Eagle, e'gl, n. A rapacious bird of the falcon family: through the ear into the brain. ra S us e. anti- ;
.

J
its figure is used as a [AS. eor-wicga ; wicg, horse, fr.
tra su s /• tne !

heraldic emblem and wegan, to carry.] concha ;

o. lobe,
for standards and em- Ear, er,H. The spike of Indian corn or lobulus.
blematic devices; a gold or other grain, containing the kernels. v. i. To
coin of the U. S., worth form ears, as corn. [AS. ear, D. aar, Ic, Dan., and
$10. [OF. aigle, L. aquila, Sw. ax, Goth, ahs, OHG. ahir ; s. rt. L. acus, needle.
prop. fern, of aquilus, E. awn.]
brown.] —
Ea'gless, n. Ear, er, ?\ t. To plow or till. [AS. erian, erigan, Ic.
A female eagle. Ea'- — erja, MHG. eren, em, L. arare, Gr. aroun.]
glet, n. A
young eagle. Eagle. Earl, erl, n. A nobleman of Eng. ranking below a
— Ea'gle-eyed, a. Sharp-sighted. marquis and above a viscount. [AS. eorl, Ic.jarl,
Eagre, Egre, e'ggr, Hygre, Higre, hi'gSr, n. flood A
warrior, hero, OS. erl, man: perh. s. rt. Gr. arsen,
tide moving violently up a river, in one or more male; perh. contr. of AS. ealdor, an elder.] EarK- —
massive waves. [AS. egor, eagor, Ic. segir, ocean.] dom, -dnm, n. Seigniory, jurisdiction, or dignity of
Ean,en, v.t.ori. To bring forth (young). [See Yean.] an earl. —
Earl'-mar'shal, n. An officer of state in
Ear, er, n. The organ of hearing; sense of hearing; Eng. who marshals great ceremonials, and is the
willingness to listen; attention regard part of any- ; head of the herald's office.
;

thing like an animal's ear. [AS. eare, D. oor, Ic. Early, SrlY, a. In advance of the usual or appointed
eyra, Sw. and OHG. ora, Dan. and MHG. ore, G. time; timely; not late. adv. Soon; in good sea- —
ohr, L. auris, Gr. ous, ear ; L. audire, Gr. aio, to son; betimes. [AS. asrlice, ser. See Ere.]
hear, Skr. av, to be pleased, take care.] —
About the Earn, Em, v. t. [earned (e"rnd), earning.] To de-
ears. In close proximity. —
By the e. In close per- serve by labor; to acquire bv service or performance.
sonal contest. —
Up to the e. Deeply absorbed. —
[AS. earnian, to earn, OHG. amen, G. ernten, to
Button ear. In dogs, an ear falling in front, and reap, fr. OHG. aren, arn, G. ernte, harvest.] —
hiding the inside. —
Rose e. In dogs, one folding Earning, n. Thing earned; wages; stipend.
at the back and disclosing the inside.— Eared, erd. Earnest, er'nest, a. Ardent in the pursuit of an ob-
a. (Omith.) Having prominent feathers reseml ling ject; eager to obtain; intent; fixed; eager; zealous;
ears, —
as some owls, etc. Earless, a. —
Without fervent hearty. n. Seriousness ;reality. [AS. — ;

ears deaf
; unwilling to hear.
; Earing, n. —
eornest, D. and G. ernst, MHG. ernest, earnestness;

eon, cube, full; moon, fdotj cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNbON, chair, get.
 —

EARNEST 170 ECCENTRIC

Ic. ern, brisk, vigorous, Gr. ornumi, to excite.] — passover. [AS. eastro, Easter festival, fr. Eastre, a
Earnestly, adv. —
Ear'nestness, n. goddess whose festival was in April; s. rt. east.]
Earnest, er'nest, n. A
pledge given in token of a Easy. See under Ease.
bargain made. [W. ernes, em, a pledge, erno, to Eat, et, v. t. _[imp. eat
or ate (at); p. p. eat (et)
(gt)
give a pledge, Ga. earlas, earnest-penny, Prov. E. or eaten (efn); eating.] To swallow or partake
arles ; pern. s. it. Gr. arrabon, L. arrha, OF. arrhes, of as food; to corrode, as metal, by rust to con-
Heb. erabon, a pledge.] —
Ear'nest-mon'ey, n. sume gradually, as a cancer, the flesh: to waste or
;

Money paid to bind a bargain or to ratify a sale. wear away; to devour, gnaw. v. i. To take food, —
Earth, erth, n. The globe we inhabit; the world; the feed; to taste or relish. [AS. etan, D. eten, Ic. eta,
solid materials forming it dry land soil of all
; ; Sw. ata, Dan. sede, Goth, itan, OHG. ezzan, G.
kinds, including gravel, clay, loam, etc.; the ground; essen, L. edere, Gr. edein, Skr. ad; s. rt. fret.]— To
a region; country; the people on the globe. (Chem.) eat one's words. To take back what one has said;
A tasteless and inodorous, uncolored, earthy-look- retract. —
To eat in or into. To corrode, gnaw, con-
ing, metallic oxide; a similar oxide, having a slight —
sume.— Eat'er, «. Eat 'able, a. Capable of, or fit
alkaline reaction, —v. t. [earthed (ertht), earth- to be, etc.; esculent: edible, —n. Anything that
IMG.] To hide in, or cover with earth.— v. i. To —
may be eaten. Eating-house, n. house where A
- retire under ground, burrow. [AS. eorc/he, D. aarde, food is sold ready cooked restaurant. ;

lc.jordh. Ban. and Sw. jord, G. erde; s. rt. Gr. era, Eau-de-Cologne, o / de-ko-lon ', n. perfumed spirit,
/
A
the earth, perh. aroun, to plow; see Ear, v. t.] — erig. prepared at Cologne. [F., water of Cologne.]
Eartb/en, -n, a. Made of aarth, or of burnt clay, Eau-de-vie, -ve, n. Brandy. [F.; vie = L. vita, life,
etc.— Earth'y, -Y, a. Of or pert, to, etc.; terrestrial; fr. vicere, to live.]
gross; unrefined.— Earth/iness, n. Earthly, -IT, — Eaves, evz, (Arch.) The lower edges of a
n. pi.
a. Pert, to earth; not heavenly or spiritual; sordid; roof, overhanging the walls. [AS. efese, clipped
carnal mean groveling of all things on earth
; ; edge of thatch, eaves, Ic. ups.] Eaves'drop, v. i. —
possible. — ;

Earth Tineas, n. Quality of being, etc.;

;

To stand under the eaves or near the windows of a

excessive attachment to earthly objects worldli- ; house, to listen to what is said within; to seek to
ness. — Eartb/ling, n. An inhabitant of the earth; hear others' conversation. —
Eaves'' dropper, n.
a mortal. — Earth'ward, adv. Toward the earth. — Ebb, eb, n. The reflux of the tide; return of tide-
Earth'bath, n. A covering (a patient) with earth water toward the sea; a falling to a worse state; de-
decay, —v. i. [ebbed (ebd), ebbing.] To
—
or sand, usually warmed, for remedial purposes.
board, n. (Agric.) The board of a plow, that
turns over the earth; mold-board. clos'et, n. A
cline ;

flow back, return, as water toward the ocean to

fall to a worse state, recede, sink. [AS. ebba, the
;

privy in which dry earth is used to deodorize the ebb, ebban, toebb; D. eb, ebbe, n., ebben, v.; Dan. ebbe %
fecal matter. nut, n. (Bot.) The farinaceous, n. and v.: Sw. ebb, n., ebba, v.; s. rt. even.] Ebb/« —
sweet root of an umbelliferous plant; the seed-ves- tide, n. Reflux of tide- water the retiring tide.;

sel and seed of a leguminous plant, called also pea-
nut.— quake, n. A
shaking or concussion of the
earth, due to subterranean causes. work, n. (En-
gin.) The removal of large masses of earth, in
constructing canals, railways, etc. (Mil.) forti-
fication made by throwing up embankments of
earth. — worm, n. (Zobl.) A cylindrical, annulated
worm, without head or external organs, found ev-
erywhere in moist loam ; angle-worm. A mean,
sordid person.
Ease, ez, n. Freedom from pain, trouble, toil, con-
straint, etc. repose ;_tranquillity
; facility; readi-
ness.— v. t. [eased (ezd), easing.] To free from
what pains, disquiets, or oppresses; to render less
painful, disgusting, or oppressive; to release from Ebriety, e-bri'e-tY, n. Intoxication ; drunkenness ;
pressure or restraint, shift a little. [OF. aise, It.
agio, Pg. ago, ease; perh. s. rt. Ga. adhais, ease; not
Ebionite, e'bY-o-mt, n. One of an early sect of Jew-
— ish Christians, combining Judaism with Christiani-
ty, rejecting much of the New
Testament, and ac-
counted heretics by the Christian fathers. [Heb.
A ebjonim, the poor, a Jewish name for Christians.]
Ebony, eb'o-nY, Eb'on, -un, n. A hard, heavy, and
durable wood, usually black, which admits of a fine
polish. [OF. ebene, h. hebenus, ebenus, Gr. ebenos,
ebene, Heb. hobnim, fr. eben, a stone, fr. its hard-
ness.]— Eb'on, a. Of, like, or black as ebony.—
Eb'onize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd) -izing.1 To make black
like ebony.
; —
Eb'onite, -It, n. India-rubber hard-
ened by vulcanization, black like ebony, and used
for buttons, combs, electrical apparatus, etc.
inebriety. [F. ebriete', L. ebrietas, fr. ebrius, drunk.j
Ebrioslty, n. —
Partial intoxication habitual ;

s. rt. eadhe, easy.] —

To ease off, or away. (Naut.) drinking to excess.
—
To slacken gradually. To e. a ship. (Naut.) To Ebullient, e-buKyent, a. Boiling over, as a liquid;
put the helm hard-a-lee, or regulate the sail, to pre- manifesting exhilaration or excitement, as of feel-
vent her pitching when close-hauled. Eas'y, -Y, —
ing. [L. ebullire, to bubble up, fr. e, out of, and
a. [easier, -iest.] At ease; free from pain, etc.; bullire, to boil. See Boil.] Ebullience, -yens, —
not causing pain or exertion; not difficult; causing -iency, -sY, n. A boiling over. Ebulli'tion, -lish'un, —
ease or comfort not resisting
; tranquil calm ; n. The operation of boiling; effervescence; mani-
; ;

compliant. (Com.) Not straitened in money mat- fest exhilaration of feeling. [OF.]
ters.— Eas'ily, -1Y, adv. With ease; readily; gently. Eburnean, e-bSr'ne-an, a. Made of ivory. [L. ebur.
— Easiness, n. —
Eas'y-chair, n. An arm-chair for neus, fr. ebur, ivory.] Eburna'tion, n. (Pathol.) —
rest.— Ease'ment, n. That which gives ease; con- A diseased condition of bone or cartilage, making
venience accommodation. (Law.) A liberty or
; them unnaturally dense, and like ivory.
advantage without profit, which one proprietor has Ecarte\ a'kar-ta', n. A game at cards played with a
in another's estate distinct from ownership of the pack from which all cards below the 7s are removed.
soil, as a way, water-course, etc. [F., p. p. of icarter, to discard, fr. es (L. ex, from)
Easel, e'zl, n. A wooden frame to support pictures and carte, card, q. v.]
while being painted. [D. ezel, G. esel, Ecbatic, ek-batlk, a. (Oram.) Denoting mere re-
ass.] sult or consequence, disting. fr. telic, which de- —
East, est, n. The point in the heavens notes purpose. [Gr. ek, out, and bainein, to go.]
where the sun rises at the equinox ; Ecbolic, ek-bollk, n. Producing abortion, — said of
point opposite the west; eastern part of medicines. [Gr. ekbole, abortion, fr. ekballein, to
a country; regions east of any country; cast out.]
esp., the southern parts of Asia. a. — Ecce-homo, ek'se-ho'mo, n. A picture representing
Toward the rising sun. v. i. To move — the Savior given up to the people by Pilate, and
toward the east to orientate. [AS.;
; wearing a crown of thorns. [L., Dehold the man.]
D. oost, Ic. austr, Dan. and G. ost, Sw. Eccentric, ek-senlrik, -trical, a. Deviating from the
ostan, east, L. aurora, Gr. eos, Skr. center or from the line of a circle; pert, to eccen-
ushas, dawn.] —
East-north-east, east- tricity or to an eccentric; not having the same cen-
south-east, etc. See Compass. East'- — ter,— opp. to concentric ; deviating from the usual
ern, a. Situated in, etc.; oriental; go- course; irregular; anomalous; odd; whimsical.
ing toward the east. —
East / ernmost / a n. A circle not having the same center as another
ern.— Easfward, adv. Toward the east. East-
,

— partly contained within the first one who, or that ;

erly, -IT, a. Coming from, also, situated or moving which, deviates from regularity. (Astron.) The
toward, etc. —
adv. On or toward, etc. Easting, — supposed circular orbit of a planet about the earth,
n. (Jfav. If Surv.) Distance eastward from a given but with the earth not in its center, in the Ptole-
meridian. maic system. (Mech.) A wheel having its axis of
Easter, esfSr, E. day. n. A festival, celebrated on revolution out of its center of figure, used to obtain
the Sunday after Good Friday, commemorating a reciprocating or alternate motion from a circu-
Christ's resurrection, corresponding to the Jewish lar one. [OF. eccentrique, fr. LL. ecceniros, Gr.

am. fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term : Yn. fee ; 5dd, tSne.
 ECCHTMOSIS 171 EDGE
ek kentr os f r. ek, , affairs, esp. as to expense or disbursement; the
out, and kentron, internal, and esp. the pecuniary, management of
center.] — Eccen'- any undertaking, corporation, state, etc.: system of
trically. adv. Ec- — rules by which iniythin;; is managed; thrifty house-
centricity, -tris' i-t t , keeping frugality: parsimony. [F. e'conomie, OF.
;

n. State of beinir, ouxmomie, L. ozconomia, Gr. oikonomia, fr. oikono-

etc. ; oddity. (As- mein. to manage a household, fr. oikos, house, and
tron.) Distance of T
Eccentric of Steam-engine,
nemein, to deal out.] —
E'conomie, -ical, a. Pert, to
the center of the or- the household: domestic- pert, to economy or man-
bit of a heavenly body from that of the body agement of pecuniary affairs, private or public ;

around which it revolves. saving of unnecessary expense; prudent in expen-

Ecchymoais. ek-Y-mo'sis, n. (Med.) A livid spot diture managed with frugality pert, to the re-
; ;

caused by effusion of blood under the skin. [Gr., sources and wealth of a country. Economically, —
fr. ek, out, and cheein, to pour.] adv. —
With economy frugally. Economics, ri-
; —
Ecclesiastic, ek-kle'zT-as'tik, -tical. a. Pert, to the sing. Science of domestic and internal management;
church or to its organization. —
Eccle'sias'tic. n. A '
j
political economy. —
Econ'omist, n. One who man-
clergyman priest. [LL. ecclesiasticus, Gr. ekklesi-
: ages with frugality one conversant with political
;

astikos, pert, to the ekklesia, assembly, church, fr. ek- !

—
economy. Econ'omize, v. t. [-mized (-mTzd), -miz-
kalein. to call forth, summon, fr. e/t*out, and kalein, ixg.] To use with prudence, expend with frugality.
to eall.] — Eccle'sias'tically, adv. Eccle'sias'ti- —
I

— v. i. To manage pecuniary concerns frugally.

cism, -sizm, n. Strong attachment to ecclesiastical Ecraseur, a-kra-zer*, n. (Surg.) An instrument, used
observances, privileges, etc. —
Eccle'sias'tea, -tez, n. instead of a knife, to sever diseased parts bv the
Lit. a preacher; a book of the Old Testament.— tightening of a chain, without hemorrhage. [F., fr.
Eccle Bias'ticus, ». A book of the Apocrypha. — icraser, to crush. —
Ecrasement, a-kraz-mox', n.
Eccle'siarch, -zt-ark. n. A ruler of the church. [Gr. The operation of, etc. [F.]
j

—
I

archos, leader.] Eccle'aiol'ogy, -jT, n. Science of I Ecstasy, ek'sta-sY, n. A state in which the mind i3
church building and decoration. [Gr. lof/os, dis- carried away beyond the reach of ordinary impres-
course.] — Eccle'siolog'ical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to, sions frenzy
; excessive joy rapture insanity
: ;

etc. —Eccle'siol'ogist, n. One versed in, etc. madness. (Pathol.) A disease accompanied by loss
; ;

Echelon, esh'e-lon, n. (Mil) The position of a mili- of sensibility, voluntary motion, and mental power,
tary body in the form of steps, or with one division the body be"ing erect and inflexible. [OF. ecs/ase,
more advanced than another. [F., fr. ichelle, lad- LL. ecstasis, a swoon, trance, Gr. ekstasis, displace-
der, scale, L. scala.] ment, a trance, fr. ek and histanai, to stand.] Ec- —
Echinus, e-ki'nus, «. ; pi. -Hi A hedgehog. (Zobl.) static, -ical, a. Rendering one beside one's self ;
A sei-urchin: sea-hedgehog. (Bot.) A prickly head delightful beyond measure; rapturous.
of a plant. (Arch.) A molding carved with eggs Ecthlipsis, ek-thlip'sis, n. (Lat. Pros.) A figure by
and anchors. [L. Gr. echinos, hedgehog.]
: Ecb/- — which a final m, with the preceding vowel, is cut
inate. ek'T-nat, -nated. a. Prickly, like a hedgehog. off before a vowel beginning the next word. [Gr.,
— Ech'inite, n. A fossil echinus. fr. ek and thlibein, to press.]
Echo, ek'o, n. ; pi. -oes, -5z. sound reflected or A Ectype, ek'tlp, n. A copv from an original; a cast in
reverberated to the ear. v. t. —
[echoed (-od), relief from a design. [Gr. ektupos, worked in relief,
-oixg.] To reverberate or send back; to repeat with fr.dk and tupos, stamp, figure.] Ec'typal, -tl-pal, —
assent, adopt.— v. i. To be reverberated; to cause an a. Taken from the original; imitated. Ectypog'- —
echo, be attended with an echo. [L. and Gr. Gr. ; raphy, -fT, n. A
process of etching, giving lines
echos, eche, a ringing in the ears s. rt. Skr. vag, to raised on the plate, instead of sunk.
cry, howl, L. vox, a voice, E. catechise.'] Echom'-
;

— Ecumenic, ek-u-menlk, -leal, a. General universal, ;

eter, n. (Mus.) A
scale for measuring duration of — said esp. of church councils. [LL. ozevmenicus,
6ounds, and determining their powers. [Gr. metron, Gr. oikoumenikos, fr. oikoumene (ge), the inhabited
measure.]— Echom'etry, -trT, n. Art of, etc., also (world), fr. oikein, to inhabit, oikos, house.]
of constructing vaults so as to produce echoes. Eczema, Sk'ze-ma, n. (Med.) An eruption of mi-
Eclaircise, ek-lar'sez or -sTz, v. t. To make clear, ex- nute vesicles upon the skin, without fever. [Gr., fr.
plain. [F. e'claircir, fr. clair, L. clams, clear, q. v.] ek and zein, to boil.]
— Eclair'cissement, -sis-may or -sis-ment, n. The
|

Edacious, e-da'shus, a. Given to eating voracious ; ;

clearing up of anvthing obscure. [F.]

|

devouring. [L. edajc, fr. edere, to eat.] —Edacity,

Eclat. a-kla r or e-kla', n. Brilliancy of success or ef- -das'Y-tY, n. Greediness voracity.— Edible, -Y-bl,
fort ; demonstration of admiration applause. [F., ;
'
j

a. Fit to be eaten as food esculent eatable.

;

; ;
—
fr. Mater, to burst forth, OF. esclater, to shine, fr. Edlblenesa, n. State of being edible.
OHG. schlizan, to split, burst; s. rt. slit.] Edda, ed'da, n. One of 2 mythological books of the
Eclectic, ek-lek'tik, a. Selecting; choosing at will. — old Scandinavian tribes, containing Sagas of gods
n. One who follows an eclectic method in philos- and heroes, —one in prose, the other in poems. [Ic,
ophy, science, religion, etc. [Gr. ek, out. and legein, lit. great-grandmother (of Scandinavian poetry).]
to choose.] —
Eclectic physician. One belonging to Eddy, edUY, n. A current of air or water running
no recognized school, Dnt claiming to select medi- back, or opposite to the main current a current :

cines, etc., from all. —

Eclec'tically, adv. Eclec- — moving circularly; whirlpool.— v. t. [eddied (-did),
ticism. -tT-sizm, ru Act. practice, or svstem. of, etc. -dying.] To move as an eddy. v. t. To collect as —
Eclipse, e-klips', n. (Astron.) An interception of the into an eddy. [Ic. and Sw. dial, idha, Dan. ide, an
light of the sun or moon, by eddy. fr. Ic. Goth., and OHG. id-, AS. ed-, baek.]
intervention of some other Edelweiss, a'dl-vls, -weisse, -vls'sa, n. A white flow-
body, either betweea it and er of the Swiss Alps. [G., fr. edel, noble, and weiss,
the eye, or between the lumi- weisse, whiteness, purity.]
nous body, and that illumi- Edematous, e-dem'a-tus, -tose, -t5s. a. Pert, to, or af-
nated by it. Temporary or par- fected with, a serous humor. [Gr. oidema, tumor,
tial loss of brilliancy, luster, fr. oidein, to swell.]
honor, etc. —
v.t. [eclipsed Eclipses. S, sun ;
Eden, e'dn, n. The garden where Adam and Eve first
(-klipsf). -sing.] To darken E, earth M, ;
dwelt a delightful region. [Heb., delight.]
:

•r hide (a heavenly body) moon. ; Edentate, e-den'tat, n. An animal of the sloth and
to obscure, darken, or extinguish the beauty, luster, armadillo tribes, wanting fore teeth and canines.
or honor, etc., of; to throw into the shade. v. i. To — [L. edentare, -tatum, to render toothless, fr. e priv.
suffer an eclipse, become eclipsed. [OF L. eclipsis, ; and dens, dentis, tooth.] Eden'tate, -tated, -tal, —
Gr. ekleipsis, a failure, esp. of the sun's light, fr. ek -talous, -us, a. Destitute of teeth of, or pert, to, ;

and leipein, to leave.] —

Eclip'tic. t>. (Astron.) An the sloth and armadillo tribes.
imaginary great circle of the sphere, the apparent — Edge, ej, n. The thin cutting side of a blade ; that
path of the sun, or real path of the earth, as seen which cuts as an edge does any sharp termimating ;

from the sun. (Geog.) A

great circle on the globe, border readiness or fitness to "cut acrimowy se-
; ; :

answering to the celestial ecliptic. a. Pert, to, or — verity border or part adjacent to the line of divis-
;

described by, the ecliptic; pert, to an eclipse. ion verge; skirt; brink; early part; beginning.—
;

Eclogue, ek'log, n. A
pastoral poem, in which shep- r. t. [edged (ejd), edging.] To furnish with an
herds converse with each other; a bucolic; idyl. [F. edge, sharpen ; to furnish with a fringe or border ;
eclogue, L. ecloga. pastoral poem, Gr. ekloge, a selec- to make sharp or keen, provoke to action, urge or
tion, esp. of poems. See Eclectic] egg on to move by little and little.
; v. i. To move —
Economy, e-kon'o-mt, n. Management of domestic sideways or gradually to sail close to the wiarL ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get
 ; ; ;

EDIBLE 172 EFT

[AS. ecg, D. egge, Ic. and Sw.
G.ecke; egg, Dan. eg, tended effect adequate efficient. — Effect'ually,
8. rt. L. acies, Skr. agri, edge, Gr. ake, point.] — To adv. — Effect'ualness,
; ;

v.— Effect'uate, -u-St, v. t.

set the teeth on edge. To cause a disagreeable tin- To bring to pass, achieve, accomplish. Effica'- —
gling sensation in the teeth, as from contact with cious, -shus, a. Effectual powerful. [L. efficax,
acids, or by a grating noise. Edging, n. That — fr. efficere.'] —
Effica'ciously, adv. Efficaciousness,
;

—
which forms an edge or border. Edge'wise, adv. — Efficacy, -sY, n. Quality of being, etc. virtue :
In the direction of, etc. Edge'-bone, n. A bone of — force energy.
;
—
Em'cient, -fish'ent, a. Causing
;

the rump, which, in dressed beef, presents itself producing results ; effective ; effectual.
edgewise to view.
Edible. See under Edacious.
—
tool, n. A sharp instrument.
effects
[F.] n.—
ciently, adv.
;

The producing agent or cause.

— Effi-
Effi'cience, -ciency, -fish'en-sY, n.
—
Edict, e'dikt, n. That which is proclaimed by au- Efficacy.
thority special proclamation of command or pro-
; Effeminate, ef-fem'Y-nat, a. Soft or delicate to an un-
hibition; law; decree; manifesto. [L. edicere, edic- manly degree; womanish; weak; voluptuous; cow-
tum, to proclaim, fr. e, out, and dicere, to say.] ardly.—?;, t. To make womanish, unman, weaken.
Edify, ed'Y-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To instruct [L. effeminare, -atum, to make womanish, fr. ex and
and improve in knowledge, esp. in moral and relig- femina, a woman.] —
Effeminately, adv. Effem'- —
ious knowledge. [OF. edifier, L. sedificare, to build, inateness, -inacy, -sY, n. Unmanly softness.
f r. sedes, a building, and facere, to make.] Ed'ifi- — Effendi, ef-fen'dY, n. Master; sir, a title of a Turk- —
ca'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; a building ish state official or one learned in the law. [Turk.
up, esp. in a moral and religious sense. Edifice, — efendi, fr. modern Gr. aphentes, Gr. authentes, a des-
-fis, n. A
building; fabric,— chiefly applied to large potic master, ruler. See Authentic]
structures. [F.] —
Edifi'cial, -fish'al, a. Pert, to an Efferent, ef'fer-ent, a. Conveying outward; discharg-
edifice. —
Ed'ifi'er, n. One who builds; one who im- ing. [L. efferens, p. pr. of efferere, to bear out, fr.
proves another by moral instruction. — E'dile, -dtl, e and ferre, to bear.]
n. (Rom. Antiq.) A
Roman magistrate, in charge of Effervesce, ef'fer-ves', v. i. [-vesced (-vest'), -ves-
buildings, highwavs, public places, etc. [L. sedilis, cing.] To be in a state of natural ebullition; to bub-
fr. sedes.] —
E'dileship, n. Office of edile. ble and hiss; to exhibit feelings that cannot be re-
2dit, edit, v. t. To superintend the publication of pressed. [L. effervescere, fr. ex and fervescere, to be-
prepare for publication. [L. edere, editum, to give
;

gin boiling, fr. fervere, to boil.] Efferves'cent, —

out, publish, fr. e and dare, to give.] Editor, -er, — -sent, a. Gently boiling or bubbling, by disengage-
n. One who edits, esp. who prepares, superintends, ment of gas. —
Efferves'cence, -cency, -sen-sY, n.
and corrects a book, newspaper, etc., for publication.
— —
Act of, etc. Efferves'cible, -sY-bl, a. Having the
[L.] — Edito'rial. a. Pert, to an editor. n. An quality of, etc.; capable of producing effervescence.
article by the editor of a newspaper. Edito'rially, — Effete, No longer capable of producing
ef-fet', a.
adv. In the manner or character of an editor. — young; of worn-out energy; barren; worn out with
Editorship, n. Business or office of, etc.— Edi'tion, age or excessive indulgence. [L. effetus, effostus, fr.
-dish'un, n. The publication of a literary work ; ex and fetus, q. v.]
number of copies published at once. Efficacious, Efficient, etc. See under Effect.
Educate, ed'u-kat, v. t. To bring up, as a child to ; Effigy, ef'fY-jY, Effigies, -fij'I-ez, n. Image of any
cultivate and discipline the powers of the mind, in- person or thing; likeness in sculpture, painting, etc.
struct, train, indoctrinate. [L. educare, -catum, f r. impression on a coin representing the prince by
educere, to lead forth, bring up, fr. e and ducere, to whom it was issued. [L. effigies, fr. effingere, to form,
lead.] —
Educa'tion, n. Actor process of, etc. tui- fr. ex and fingere, to form.] To burn or hang in —
—
;

tion nurture; teaching; breeding. Educational, effigy- To burn or hang an image of the person in-
;

a. Pert, to, etc. —

Educationist, n. One versed or tended to be disgraced.
interested in, etc.— Ed'ucator, n. One who educates Effloresce, ef-flo-res', v. i. [-eesced (-rest'), -res-
or instructs. [L.] cind.] (Chem.) To change over the surface, or
Educe, e-dus', v. t. [educed (-dust'), -cing.] To throughout, to a powder; to become covered with a
draw forth, as if from concealment, elicit, extract. whitish crust or light crystallization. [L. efflores-
[L. educere, eductum. See Educate.] E'duct, n. — cere, fr. ex and florescere, to begin to blossom, fr.
Thing brought to light by separation, analysis, or florere, to blossom, fr. flos, a nower.] Efflores'- —
decomposition. —
Education, n. Act of drawing out cence, -cency, -sen-sT, n. (Bot.) Time of flowering.
or bringing into view. —
Educt'or, -5r, n. (Med.) Eruption, as in rash, measles, small pox, etc.
Edulcorate, e-dul'ko-rat, v. t. To render sweet, (Chem.') Formation of powder on the surface of
sweeten. (Chem.) To purify. [L. e and dulcorare, efflorescing bodies, as salts, etc.; powder or crust
-atum, to sweeten, f r. dulcis, sweet.] EduPcora'- — thus formed. —
Efflores'cent, -sent, a. Liable to
tion, n. Act of edulcorating. effloresce; covered with efflorescence.
Eel, el, n. A
species of soft-finned, snake-like fishes. Effluent, ef'flu-ent, a. Flowing out. [L. ex and ftu-
[AS. sel, D., Dan., and G. aal, Ic. all, Sw. al, L. anguil- ere,fluxum, to flow.] —
Effluence, -ency, -en-sT, n.
la, Gr. engchelus, eel L. anguis, Gr. echis, Skr. ahi,
; A flowing out; that which issues; effluvium; efflux;
— A —
—
snake.]

— pot, n.
Eel'-grass. n.
A
grass-like marine plant.
basket or trap used for catching eels.
pout, n. The burbot, a fresh-water fish.
emanation. Efftu'vium, n. ; pi. -via, -vt-a. Subtile
or invisible emanation
exhalation. [L.]
esp. noisome or noxious
—
;

Efflux, -fluxion, n. Act or state

E'en, en. A
contr. for Even. of, or that which, etc.; emanation; effluence.
E'er, ar. A
contr. for Ever. Effort, ef 'fgrt, ». An
exertion of power, physical or
Eerie, Eery, elf, a. Awe-inspiring; weird. [Scot.] mental; endeavor; struggle; attempt; trial; essay.
Effable, ef'fa-bl, a. Capable of being uttered or ex- [F. efforcer, to endeavor, fr. OF. force, LL. fortia,
plained; explicable. [L. effari, to utter, fr. ex, out, strength. See Force.]
and fan, to speak.] Effrontery, ef-frunt'Sr-Y, n. Excessive assurance ;
Efface, ef-fas', v. t. [-faced (-fast'), -facing.] To shamelessness. [OF. effronterie, impudently, fr. L.
erase or scratch out, rub off, render illegible, blot ex and frons,frontis, forehead. See Affront.]
out, obliterate, cancel to remove from the mind. Effulgent, ef-ful'jent, a. Diffusing a flood of light;
;

[F. effacer, fr. e priv. and face, L. fades, face.] — shining; splendid. [L. ex and fulgere, to shine.] —
Efface'ment, n. Act of, etc. Efful'gently, adv. —
Efful'gence, -jens, n. State of
Effect, ef-fekt', n. That produced by an agent or being, etc.; extreme brilliancy.
cause result of causation impression produced ;
; ; Effuse, ef-fuz', v. t. [-fused (-fuzd'), -fusing.] To
power to produce results efficiency consequence pour out, as a fluid, spill, shed.
— v.
; ;

intended, pi. Goods movables personal estate. To emanate, issue.— a.

i.
— v. To
t.
;

produce, as, a cause, or agent, cause to

;

(Bot.) Spreading loosely, esp.

be; to bring to pass, accomplish, achieve. [OF.; L. on one side. [L. ex and fun-
effectus, an effect, fr. efficere, -rectum, to effect, f r. ex dere, fusum, to pour.] Effu'- —
and facere, to make. See Fact.] For effect. For — sion, -zhun, n. Act of pouring
display, or for the purpose of producing an impres- out thing poured out. (Pa-
;

sion. —
Effect' or, -er, n. One who, etc. a maker thol.) Escape of a fluid out of
creator. —
Effectlble, a. Capable of being, etc.
; ;

its natural vessel into another

practicable ; feasible. —
Effec'tion, n. Creation or part secretion of fluids from
;

Effuse Brancii.
production. (Geom.) Construction of a proposition. the vessels, as of lymph or se-
— Effective, -iv, a. Suited or tending to, etc. in rum, on different surfaces. — Effu'sive, -siv, a.
Condition to act efficiently efficacious forcible
;

Pouring forth largely. Effu'sively, adv. — — Effu'-

— —
; ; ;

energetic. Effectively, adv. Effectiveness, n.— siveness, n.

Effect'ual, a. Producing, or able to produce, an in- Eft, eft, n. A salamander or newt. [AS. efete, prob.

fim, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, ice ; 8dd tone, 6r
 E. G-. 173 ELD
8. rt. Gr. ophis, serpent, Skr. apada, reptile, fr. a next in order after the 70th; consisting of one of 80
priv. and pad, foot. equal parts into which anything is divided.
E. g. or Ex. gr. Contr. for Exempli gratia, q. v. Eisteddfod, ls-teth'vod, n. The Welsh national con-
under Example. gress of bards, etc. [W., session; eistedd, to sit.]
Egad, e-gad'. An
exclamation of exultation or
interj. Either, either or i'ther (analogy and the best usage
surprise. [Prob. corrupt, of the oath " by God."] favoring e'ther), a. or pron. One or the other, —
Egg, eg, n. A body produced by a female animal, properly of 2 things; each of two, the one and the
within which, when impregnated, the embryo of a other. — conj. Either is always correlative to or,
new individual is developed: eggs of oviparous ani- and precedes it, indicating the first of certain things,
mals contain a supply of nourishment for the em- any one of which is true, is to be done, etc. [ME.
bryo, and are usually inclosed in a spheroidal shell. either, eyther, aither, ay t her, AS. aegther, contr. fr.
Anything egg-shaped [AS. and Dan. seg. D. and seghwsether (fr. a, aye, ever, ge- prefix, and hwaether,
G. ei, Ic. egg, Sw. agg, Ir. ugh, W. wy, L. ovum, Gr. whether), D. ieder^ OHG. eoweaar, G.jeder.~\
oon.] —
Egg-nog', n. A drink consisting of eggs
— Ejaculate, e-jak'u-lat, v. t. To throw out, as an ex-
beaten up with sugar, milk, and wine or spirits. clamation. —
v. i. To utter ejaculations. [L. ejac-
Egg'-plant, n. A plant allied to the tomato, bearing ulari, -latum, fr. c and jaculari, to throw, fr. jacu-
e»g-shaped eatable fruit. lum, javelin, dart, fr. jacere^ to throw.] —
Ejac'ula'-
Egg, eg, v. t. [egged (egd), egging.] To urge on; tion, n. Uttering of a short, sudden exclamation or
instigate. [Ic" eggja, to goad,
egg, edge, q. v.]
fr. prayer ; exclamation or prayer uttered. {Med.)
Eglantine, eglan-tin or species of rose;
-tTn, n. A Emission of semen. —
Ejac'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Cast-
sweet-brier. [F.; OF. aiglantine, as if fr. LL. acu- ing or throwing out: suddenly darted out; uttered
lentus, prickly, fr. L. aculeus, dim. of acus, needle.] in short sentences. —
Eject, -jekt', v. t. To throw out,
Egoism, e'go-izm, n. (Philos.) Subjective idealism. cast forth; to drive away, expel violentlv, or with
An excessive love of self; selfishness. [F. ego'isme, disgrace; to dispossess, as of land, dwellings, etc.
f r. L. ego, I.] —
E'goist, n. A
follower or Descartes [L. ejicere, ejectum, fr. e and jacere. ] —
Ejec'tion, n.
or Fichte; believer in the doctrine of subjective Act of, or state of being, etc. —
Ejecfment, n. Ex-
idealism one given to egotism. [F. egoiste.]
; E'go- — pulsion; ejection. {Law.) A
species of mixed ac-
tism, -tizm, n. Practice of too frequently using the tion, which lies for recovery of possession of real
word I; self-praise self-commendation conceit; property, and damages and costs for unlawful de-
;

— —
;

vanity. —
E'gotist, n. One who, etc. Egotistic, tention of it. Eject 'or, n. (Law.) One who ejects,
-ical. a. Addicted to, manifesting, or pert to ego- or dispossesses another of his land.
tism; vain; self-important; opinionated. Eke, ek, v. t. [eked (ekt), eking.] To increase, en-
v. i. [-tized (-ttzd), -tizing.J To commit, etc. large, extend; to supply what is scanty, prolong, —
Egregious, e-gre'jus, a. Disting. fr. common men or generally with out. —adv. In addition; also; like-
actions, —
generally in a bad sense; extraordinary; wise. [AS. ecaw, Ic. auka, L. augere, to augment;
monstrous: precious. [L. egregius, lit. chosen out of AS. eac, Ic. auk, Sw. och, Dan. og, and, also.]
the flock, fr. e and grex, gregis, flock.] Egre'- — Elaborate, e-lab'o-rat, v. t. To produce with labor;
giously, adv. Greatly; remarkably; shamefully. perfect with painstaking. —
a. Wrought with labor;
Egress, e'gres, n. Act of going out or leaving; power highly finished. [L. e and laborare, -atum, to labor,
to leave; departure. [L. egredi, egressum, to go out, fr. labor.] —
Elaborately, adv. —
Elab'ora'tion, n.
fr. e and gradi, to step, go.] —
Egres'sion, -gresh'un, Act or process of producing with labor; state of be-
n. Act of going out; egress. ing so produced. (Physiol.) Natural process of for-
Egret, e'gret, n. (Ornith.) The lesser white heron. mation or assimilation, performed by living organs
A heron's feather. (Pot.) The flying, feathery, or in animals and vegetables. —
Elab'orative, -tiv, a.
hairy crown of seeds, as down of the thistle. (Zobl.) Serving or tendingto elaborate.— Elab'ora'tor, n.
A kind of ape. [F. aigrette, OF. hairon, Ic. hegri, Elaine, e-la'in, n. The liquid principle of oils and
—
AS. higere,a. heron.] Egrette', -gret r n. tuft , A fats. [Gr. elaia, olive tree, elaion, olive oil.]
of feathers, diamonds, etc. an ornament of ribbons.
; Elan, a-laN', n. Ardor; zeal, from passion; enthusi-
[See Aigeet.] asm ; brilliancy and glow, from emotional excite-
Egyptian, e-jip'shun, a. Pert, to Egypt, in Africa.— ment; dash. [F., fr. 4lancer, to dart, lancer, to hurl.]
n. A native of Egypt; a gypsy, —
supposed to have Eland, eland, n. The largest species of S. African
originated in Egypt. —
Egyptol'ogy, -ol'o-jl, n. Sci- antelope; the Cape elk. [D.]
ence of, or a treatise on, Egyptian antiquities. — Elapse, e-laps r , v. i. [elapsed (-lapsf), elapsing.]
Egyptol'ogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc. To slide, slip, or glide by; to pass away silently, as
Eh, e, interj. An expression of inquiry or slight sur- time. [L. elabi, elapsus, fr. e and labi, to fall, slide.]
prise. [AS. se, ea, D. he, G. ei.] Elastic, e-las'tik, a. Springing back; having the in-
Eider, i'der, E.-dnck, «. sea-duck, A which breeds in herent property of recovering its former figure ;
remote northern regions, springy; readily returning to a previous condition,
and produces fine down. after heing depressed or overtaxed. [Gr. elaunein,
[Ic. sedhr, Sw. eider, Dan. to drive; s. rt. L. alacer, brisk.] — r
Elasticity, -tis' -
ederfugl.'] —
Ei'der-down, T-tl, n. Quality of, etc.; rebound; power of resistance
n. Down of the eider-duck. to, or recovery from, depression or overwork.
Eldograph, i'do-graf, n. An Elate, e-laf, a. Lifted up; elevated; having the spirits
instrument for copying raised by success or hope flushed with confidence
—
;

drawings on the same or a puffed up; proud; swelling. v. t. To exalt the

different scale. [Gr. eidos,
form, and graphein, to
draw.
Eight, at, a. Twice 4 in number. n. The number
greater by a unit than 7; the sum of 4 and 4; a sym-
bol representing eight units, as 8 or viii. [AS. eahta,
D. and G. acht, Ic. and Sw. atta, Ir. ocht, L. octo,
spirit of, elevate or flush with success. [L. elatus, p.
Eider-duck. p. of efferre, to carry out, but for tlatus ; s. rt. tollere,
to lift/)— Ela'tion, n. Inflation of mind; self-esteem
— or pride, resulting from success.
Elbow, eKbo, n. The joint connecting arm and fore-
arm; any flexure or angle, esp. if obtuse, as of a
wall, building, etc. also an angular or jointed part
;

Gr.okto, Skr. ashtan.'] —

Eighth, atth, a. Next in
order after the 7th; consisting of
one of 8 equal parts into which \ r A
anything is divided. n. One — ~
of 8 equal parts; an eighth part.
(Mus.) The interval of an octave. ht u Notes
Fio hth Krn a
[AS. eahtodha.]- Eighth note. El
(Mus.) The 8th part of a whole note, or semibreve;
a quaver. —
Eighthly, adv. In the 8th place.
Eighteen, at'en, a. Twice 9 in number. The
w.
number greater by a unit than 17; sum of 10 and 8; a
symbol representing eighteen units, as 18 or xviii.
[AS. eahtatyne.] —
Eighteenth, -enth, a. Next in
order after the 17th; consisting of one of 18 equal
parts into which any thing is divided, n. One of
18 equal parts; the 8th after the 10th. Eighty, aft,
a. Eight times ten; fourscore. n. The sum of 8
times 10; symbol representing eighty units,
lxxx. [AS. eahtatig.] —
Eightieth, -f-eth, a. The
sun, ctibe, full ; moon.
of any structure. —
v. t. [elbowed (el'bod), -bow-
ing.] To push with the elbow, as when one pushes
W by another.— v. i. To jut into an angle, project; to
I
J I I .
fiush rudely along, iostle. [AS. elboga.t). elleboog,
* 4 9 c. alnbogi, G. eltenbogen ; fr. AS. el (L. ulna, Gr.
^ olene), elbow, and boga, a bending, bow; Skr. aratni,
S
.
-
elbow.] —
At the elbow. At hand; near. Out at e.—
Ragged; shabby; in reduced circumstances. E. —
— grease. Energy; vigorous and continued labor.—
— A
chair with arms to support the
EKbow-chair, n.
elbows; arm-chair. —room, n. Room to extend the
elbows; room for motion or action.
Eld, eld, n. Old age; old people; old times; antiquity.
[AS. yldo, sell, eld, f r. eald, old; Ic. old, an age, alar,
— old people.] —
Eld'er, a. Older; more advanced in
— age; prior, as in origin, —n. One who is older; a
— senior; an ancestor; predecessor; one who, on ac-
count of age, acts as ruler or judge; one occupying
an office requiring experience and dignity. [A5T
fo"&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink. then, boNbox, chair, get.

ELDER
pldra, compar. of eald ; ealdor, elder, prince, eld-
ran, parents.] —
Eld'erly, -It, a. Somewhat old.
Eld'ership, n. Seniority; office of elder. Eld'est,
a. Oldest. [AS. yldesta.]
Elder, eld'er, n. A
genus of plants having broad um-
bels of white flowers and dark red berries. [AS.
ellen.T.G. elloorn ; perh. same as alder .] E.-flow'er,
n. Flowers of two species of elder, dried, for fla-
voring sweet wines.
El Dorado, el-do-ra/do. A fabulous region in S. Amer.
supposed to be immensely rich in gold, gems, etc.;
any country abounding in treasure. [Sp., the golden
region; el, the, and dorado, p. p. of dorare, to gild.]
Eleatic, e-le-at'ik, a. Pert, to a sect of philosophers,
so called fr. Elea, or Velia, in Italy.— n. One of, etc.
Elecampane, ePe-kam-pan', n. A plant whose root
has a pungent taste, and was used as a stomachic; a
sweetmeat from the root. [Abbr. fr. F. enule-cam-
pane, L. inula campana— inula, name of the plant,
campana, growing in the field, fr. campus, field.J
Elect, e-lekf, v. t. To pick out, make choice of; to
select for office or employment, select by vote,
choese, prefer, appoint. (theol.) To designate as
an object of mercy or favor. —a. Chosen; taken
by preference. (Theol.) Set apart to eternal life.
Chosen, but not invested with office. n. One
chosen or set apart, pi. (Theol.) Those chosen
for salvation. [L. eligere, electum, fr. e and legere,
to gather, choose.] —
Elect'icism, -T-sizm, n. Eclec-
ticism.— Election, n. Act of choosing; choice; act
of choosing one to fill an office; power of choosing;
free will discriminating choice
; discernment. ;
(Theol.) Predetermination of individuals as ob-
jects of mercy and salvation. Those elected. [OF.]
— Elec'tioneeV, -er', v. i. [-eered (-ei-d'), -eer-
ing.] To use influence, argument, or arts for se-
curing the election of a candidate. —
Elect'ive, -iv,
a. Exerting the power of choice; making selection;
pert, to, consisting in, or dependent on, choice ; be-
stowed by election. —
Elective affinity, or attraction,
(Chem.) Tendency to unite with certain things
rather than witli others. —
Elecfively, adv. By
choice or preference. —
Elect 'or, -er, n. One who
elects, or has right of choice; one entitled to vote
in favor of a candidate for office, or legally qualified
to vote; one of the princes of Germany formerly
entitled to choose the emperor; one chosen, by vote
of the people in the II. S., to elect a president and
vice-president. —Elecfress, n. The wife or widow
of a German elector. —
Elect'oral, -Sr-al, a. Pert,
to, or consisting of, electors. —
Electorate, -er-at,
n. Dignity of an elector electorship territory of
an elector. — ;
Eligible, -jY-bl, a. Legally qualified;
;
worthy to be chosen; desirable; oreferable. [F., fr.
L. eligere.]- Eligibly, -b\X,.adv. Suitably. El-
igibleness, -bil'ity, -tl, n. —
Elite, a-lef, n. choice
o r sel ect body; best part of anything. [F.]
Electrum, e-lek'trum, n. Amber; an amber-colored
alloy of gold and silver used by the ancients; Ger-
man silver plate. [L.; Gr. elektron, amber, which
has electric powers when rubbed.] —
Elec'tric, -tric-
a! a. Pert, to, occasioned by, derived from, or con-
taining, electricity capable of occasioning elec-
;
trical phenomena. —Elec'tric, n. A non-conductor
of electricity. —Elec'trically, adv. In the manner,
or by means of, etc. —
Electrician, -trish'an, n.
One versed in the science of, etc. —Electric Ity,
-tris'Y-tY, n. A subtle agent or power in nature,
evolved in any disturbance of molecular equilib-
rium, whether from chemical, physical, or mechan-
ical cause science of the phenomena of the electric
; simple portion of that which is complex; one of the
fluid.— Elec'trifi'able, a. Capable of receiving, or
of being charged with, etc. —
Elec'trify, -fl, v. t.
[-fied (-fid), -FYiNG.] To charge with electricity;
to give an electric shock to; to excite suddenly; to
surprise, esp. by something pleasing or inspiriting.
[L. facere, to make.] —
Elec'trize, v. t. [-trized
(-trizd), -trizing.] To electrify. —
Elec'tro-biol'-
ogy, -bi-oKo-jY, n. That phase of mesmerism in
which the actions, feelings, etc., of a mesmerized
person are supposed to be controlled by the will of
the operator; science of the electrical currents de-
veloped in living organisms. [E. biology, q. v.]
Elec'tro-chemlstry, n. Science of the agency of
electricity in effecting chemical changes. Elec''-
trode, -trod, n. Either of the so-called poles of the
voltaic circle. [Gr. hodos a way, path.]
}
Elec'tro- —
gild'ing, n. Process of gilding copper, etc., by vol-
taic electricity. —
Electrol'ogy, -jY, n. Science of
the phenomena of electricity and its properties.
[Gr. logos, discourse .] —
Electrol'ysis, - Y-sis, n. Act
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
— : ;
174 ELEMENT
or process of chemical decomposition, by the action
of electricity, or galvanism. [Gr. lusis, a dissolving,
— fr. luein, to loose, dissolve.] — Electrolyte, -lit, n.
A compound decomposable, or subjected to decom-
Eosition, by an electric current. [Gr. lutos, dissotn-
le.] — Elec'trolyze, -Hz, v. t. [-lyzed (-lizd), -lyz-
— ing.] To decompose by direct action of eh ctricity
or galvanism. [Gr. luein, to dissolve.] Elec'tro- —
mag'net, n. A
mass of soft iron, rendr ed tem-
porarily magnetic by a surrounding coil of wire
through which a current of electricity is passing. —
Elec'tro-magnefic, a. Pert, to magnetis-n;, us con-
nected with electricity, or affected by it. Elec'tro- —
mag'netism, n. Science of the development ui mag-
netism by voltaic electricity, and of the cu, rents
evolved.— Electrom'eter, n. An instnnni-.it for
measuring the quantity or intensity of electricity,
or which indicates its presence. [Gr. rneti on, meas-
ure.] — Elec'tro-mo'tor, n. Apparatus for genera-
ting a current of electricity. — Elec'tro-mus'cular, a.
Pert, to the reaction of the muscles under, or their
sensibility to, etc. —
Elec'tro-neg'ative, -tiv, a. Hav-
ing the property of being attracted by an electro-
positive body, or a tendency to pass to the positive
pole in electrolysis.— n. A
body which, etc.—
— Elec'trophone, -fon, n. An instrument for procur-
ing sound by means of electric currents. [Gr.
phone, sound.]— Elec'trc-pos'itive, a. Of such a
nature relatively to associated bodies, as to tend to
the negative pole of a voltaic battery, while the a&
sociated body tends to the positive pole. Elec'tro- —
scope,-skop, n. An instrument for detecting changes
in the electric state of bodies, or the species of elec-
tricity present. [Gr. skopein, to see.] —
Elec'trc-ther'-
apeu'tics, -ther'a-pu'tiks, n. Science of the appli-
cation of electricity as a curative agent.— Electro-
type, -tip, n. A
plate faced ( by electric deposition)
with a shell of copper, silver, etc.. and backed with
type-metal, presenting a facsimile of an engraving,
page of type, etc. - v. t. [-typed f-tlpt), -typing.]
To take capies of by electrotypy. [Gr. tunos, an im-
pression, f r. tuptein, to strike.] —
Elec'trotyp'er, n.—
Elec'trotyp'y, -Y, n. Process of making electrotypes.
Electuary, e-lekfu-a-rY, n. A medicine composed of
powders, made up into a confection. [OF. lectuaire,
electuaire, L. electuarium, fr. elvigere, Gr. ekleichein,
to lick away, fr. ek and leichein, to lick.]
Eleemosynary, el-e-mos'Y-na-rY, a. Pert, to, or in-
tended for the distribution of, charity; given in, or
founded or supported by, charity. n. One who—
subsists on charity. [LL. eleewosynarvus, an almoner,
fr. Gr. eleemosune, alms. See Alms.]
Elegant, el'e-gant, a. Pleasing by grace and beauty;
polished; graceful: refined; exercising a nice choice.
— [OF.; L. elegans, fr. e and legere, to choose, select.]
A — EFegantly, adv. —
EKegance, -gans, -gancy, -sY,
w. State or quality of being elegant grace that ; ;
which is elegant.
Elegy, eKe-jY, n. A
mournful or plaintive poem; fu-
nereal song. [OF. elegie, L. elegia, Gr. elegeia, fr.
elegos, a lament, a poem in distichs, perh. fr. las-
kein,to scream.] —
Elegiac, e-le'jY-ak or el-e-ji'ak,
a. Pert, to elegy, or written in elegiacs; used in
elegies. —n. Elegiac verse. —
Elegracal, a. Ele-
giac. — El'egist, n. A
writer of, etc. El'egize, —
-jiz, v. t. To lament in an elegy; celebrate in ele-
giac verse; bewail.
Element, el'e-ment. n. One of the simplest or essen-
tial parts of which anything consists; one of the ul-
timate, undecomposable constituents of matter a ;
essential ingredients of any mixture; one out of
several parts combined in a system or aggregation.
(Anat.) One of the smallest natural divisions of
the organism. (Math.) An infinitesimal part of any-
thing of the same nature as the entire magnitude
considered. One of the necessary data upon which
a calculation depends, pi. The fundamental prin-
ciples of any system in philosophy, science, or art;
rudiments. That which ancient philosophy sup-
posed to be simple and undecomposable, as the 4 so-
called elements, —air, earth, water, and fire state
— natural to anything, or suited for its existence, pi.
;
(Eccl.) The bread and wine in the eucharist. [OF.;
— L. elementum, a first principle, perh. fr. alere, to
nourish.] — Element'al, a. Pert, to the elements,
first principles, and primary ingredients, or to the
4 supposed material elements pert, to first prin-
ciples ; rudimentary. — ;
Elementally, adv. Ele- —
menfary, -rY, a. Having only one principle or
constituent part; pert, to the elements, rudiments,
; end, eve, term Tee ; odd, tone, 6r
 ELENGH 175 ELTJL
etc.; treating of first principles of a science or art; palmate antlers, allied to the Amer. moose; a large
simple; uncombined; initial: introductory. polygamous Amer. deer, with branching antlers, a
Elencn, e-lenk', n. {Logic.) That part of an argument congener of the European red deer. [Ic. elgr, Sw.
on which its conclusiveness depends; a vicious and elg, MHG. elch, L. alces, Gr. alke.)
fallacious argument adapted to deceive sophism. ; Ell, el, n. A measure of length, chiefly for cloth: the
[L. elenchiis, Gr. elengchos, fr. elengchein, to confute, English ell is 45 inches the Flemish, 27; Scotch,
;

prove.] —Elencb/ical, a. Pert, to, etc. 37.2; French, 54. [AS. eln, D. and G. elle, Ic. alin,
Elephant. eKe-i'ant, n. A pachydermatous quadruped Sw. aln, D. alen, ell, cubit; L. ulna, elbow, cubit,
of India or Africa, hav- Gr. olene, elbow, q. v.]
ing a trunk or prehen- Ellipse, el-lips', n. {Geom.) An oval figure bounded
sile proboscis and 2 ivo- by a regular curve, —
the section of a
ry tusks. —
the largest cone by a plane passing obliquely
land animal now liv- through its opposite sides. — Ellip/-
ing. [OF. olifant, ele- sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. {Gram.) Omis-
phant, L. and Gr. ele- sion a figure of syntax, by which
;

phas, elephant, Heb. words are omitted. [L. ellipsis, Gr. ElHnse
eleph, aleph, ox, AS. elleipsis, defect, fr. en, in, and leipein, v *

olfend, camel.] Ele-— to leave, —

the inclination of the ellipse being in-
phant paper. Drawing ferior to that of the side of the cone.] Ellip'soid, —
paper of large size, be- -soid, n. {Geom.) A
solid, all plane sections of
ing 28 bv 23 inches.— Pipnhnnt which are ellipses or circles. [Gr. eidos, form.] —
Elephantine, -tine, a.
Elephant.
Ellipsoid'' al, a. Pert, to or like an ellipsoid. El- —
Pert, to or like, etc.: huge; immense.— EFephanti"'- liptic, -tical, a. Pert, to or like an ellipse; having
asis, n. {Med.) One of several skin diseases, attended a part omitted; defective. —
Ellip'tically, adv. Ac-
with destruction o^ deformitv of the part affected. cording to the form of an ellipse. Gram.) With a (
[L. and Gr.. —
the skin resembling an elephant's.] part omitted. — Elliptic'lty, -tis'Y-tT, n. Deviation
Eleusinian, el-u-sin'f-an, a. Pert, to Eleusis, in from the form of a circle or sphere.
Greece, or to_secret rites of Ceres, there celebrated. Elm, elm, n. A tree of several species. [AS.; D. ohm,
Elevate, eKe-vat, v. t. To lift to a higher place, raise, Sw. aim, Ic. almr, G. ulme, orig.
exalt: to animate, cheer to ennoble, dignify; to
; elme, L. ulmus.]
raise to a higher pitch or greater degree of loudness; Elocution, el-o-ku'shun, n. Mode
to intoxicate slightly; to lighten, lessen by detrac- of delivery of anything spoken,
tion-, diminish. —
a. Elevated raised aloft., [L.
; esp. of a public discourse. [L.
elevare, -atum, fr. e and levare, to make light, lift, elocutio, fr. e and loqui, locutvs, to
fr. lev is, light.] —
Eleva'tion, n. Act of, or condi- speak.] —
Elocu'tionary, -a-rT, a.
tion of being, etc. an elevated place. {Astron.)
; Pert, to elocution. Elocu'tion- —
Altitude. (Gunnery.) Angle between the line of ist, n.One versed in, or a teacher
direction of a gun and the plane of the horizon. of, —
El'oquent, -kwent, a.
etc.
(Arch.) View of a machine, building, etc., drawn Able to express strong emotions
—
!

to scale, and without regard to perspective. EK- in an elevated and effective man-
'

eva'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, elevates;
esp. a contrivance for lifting persons, also goods,
grain, etc., to an upper floor; abuilding containing
elevators for grain. {Anat.) A
muscle which raises
a part of the body. {Surg.) An instrument for rais-
ing a depressed portion of a bone. —
Sieve, a-lav', n.
One brought up by another ; a pupil; disciple. [F.,
fr. e'lever, L. elevare, to bring up, educate.]
Eleven, e-lev'n, a. Ten and one added.— n. The
sum of 10 and 1; a symbol representing eleven units,
as 11 or xi. ; the players on one side in a game of
cricket, 11 in number. [AS. endlufon {en an, one),
D. and G. elf, Ic. ellifu, Dan. elleve,
Elev'enth, -nth, a. Next after the 10th constitu-
ner; adapted to express emotion VXxn
with fluency and power. [F., fr.
L. eloqui.] —
EFoquently, adv.— El'oqaence, -kwens,
n. Expression of, etc.; what is eloquently said or
, written: oratory; rhetoric; persuasive speech.
Eloge, a'lozh, n. A funeral oration; panegyric on the
dead. [F., fr. L. elogium, a short saying, inscription
on a tombstone, f r. Gr. logos, speech.]
Elohistic, el-o-hisfik, a. Pert, to Elohim, said of —
passages in the Old Testament, where Elohim is
used instead of Jehovah, as the name of the Supreme
= Being. [Heb. elohim, one of the names of God.]
Sw. elfva.'] — Elongate, e-lon'gat, a. Drawn out at length. v. t. —
To lengthen, extend, stretch out. [LL. elongare,
—
:

ting one of 11 parts into which a thing is divided.— -gatum, fr. L. longus, long.] Elonga'tion, n. Act of,
n. One of 11 equal parts. or state of being, etc.; protraction; extension; that
Elf, elf, Elve, elv, n. ; pi. Elves, elvz. diminutive A which lengthens out removal to a distance; de-
;

spirit, supposed to haunt desert places, and delight parture; intervening space. (Astron.) Angular dis-
in mischievous tricks. v. t. —
To entangle. [AS. tance of a planet from the sun. {Surg.) Lengthen-
self, Ic. alfr, Dan. and Sw. alf, OHG. alp, G. elf] — ing of a limb from disease or injury, or in reducing
Elf'in, a.Pert, to, etc.— n. A little elf; sprite; a fractured bone, etc.
urchin.— Elf ish, Elv'ish, a. Elf-like mischiev- Elope, e-lop', v. i. [eloped (-lopf), eloping.] To
ous. — Elf-ar'row, n. A shaped like an arrow-
flint
;

run away, or escape privately, said esp. of a —

head, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies.— woman, who runs away with a "lover. [D. ontloopen,
-lock, n. Hair knotted, as if the work of fairies. to escape, fr. ont- {= G. ent-, AS. and-, Gr. anti-, in
Elicit, e-hVit, v. t. To draw out, bring to light. [L. opposition to) and loopen, to run s. rt. leap.) ;
—
elicere, elicitum, fr. e and lacere, to entice, allure.] Elope'ment, n. Secret departure.
Elide, e-Hd', v. t. {Oram.) To cut off or suppress, Eloquence, etc. See under Elocution".
as a syllable. [L. elidere, elisum, fr. e and Isedere, to Else, els, a. Stpron. Other; one or something beside.
dash against.] —
EUs'ion, -lizh'un, n. The cutting — adv. & conj. Beside except that mentioned
; ;

off, for the sake of meter or euphonv, of a vowel or otherwise; if the facts were different. [AS. elles,
syllable, esp. a vowel at the end of a word before otherwise, gen. of el, other Goth, aljis, fr. alis,
another,vowel in the following line. other, L. alias, f r. alius.'] —
Else'where, -hwar, adv.
;

Eligible, Elite. See under Elect. In any other placej in other places indefinitely.
Eliminate, e-lim'T-nat, v. t. {Alg.) To cause to dis- Elucidate, e-lu'si-dat, v. t. To make clear or mani-
appear from an equation. To set aside as unim- fest, explain, illustrate. [LL. elucidare, -datum,
portant in a process of inductive inquiry; to leave f:•.L. lucidus, clear.] —
Elu'cida'tion^ n. Act of, or
out of consideration to obtain by separating, as
; that which, etc. explanation exposition illustra-
; ; ;

from foreign matters; to deduce, inter. [L. ?Km- tion. —

Elu'cida'tive, a. Making, or tending to
inare, -atum, f r. e and limen, threshold.] Elim'- — make, clear. —
Elu'cida'tor, -ter, n. One who ex-
ina'tion, n. Act of expelling or throwing off. plains; an expositor.
{Alg.) The causing a quantity to disappear from an Elude, e-lud', v. t. To avoid by artifice, stratagem,
equation. The obtaining by separation; deduction. ordexterity; to remain unexplained or undiscovered
Elixir, e-liks'er, n. {3fed.) A
compound tincture or by to evade, escape, shun, mock. [L. e and lutlere,
;

medicine. {Alchemy.) A liquor for transmuting lusum, to play.]— Elud'ible, a. Elu'sion, -zhun, n. —
metals into gold. The refined spirit, or quintessence Escape by artifice or deception; evasion. Elu'sive, —
cordial or invigorating substance. [Ar. el (the) iksir, -siv, -sory, -so-rT, a. Tending to elude evasive j
philosopher's stone.] fallacious deceitful. ;Elu'soriness, n. — ;

Elizabethan, e-liz'a-beth'an, a. Pert, to Queen Eliza- Erul, e'lul, n. The 6th month of the Israelitish eccl.
beth, her times, or the architecture then prevalent. year — parts of August and September. [Heb. alalt
Elk, elk, n. A
large monogamous European deer, with to harvest.]

sun, cube, full ; moon, ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien, boNboN, chair, get.
 »

ELUTRIATE 176 EMBRACE

Elutriate, e-lu'trY-at, v. t. To purify by washing. nify hot cinders covered with ashes. [AS.
[L. elutriare, -atum, fr. eluere, to wash.] Ic. eimyrfa, Dan. ennaer, embers.]
Elve, Elvish. See under Elf. Ember days, em'ber-daz. (EccL) Certain days set
Elysium, e-lizh'T-um, n. ; E. pi. -iums, -Y-umz, L. pi. apart for fasting and prayer in each of the 4 sea-
-ia, -Y-a. (Myth.) The abode of the blessed after —
sons of the year, being the Wednesday, Friday, and
death ; any delightful place. [L. ; Gr. Elusion, for Saturday after the 1st Sunday in Lent the feast of ;

E. pedion, the Elysian field.] Elys'ian, -Y-an, a. — Whitsuntide; Sept. 14th; and Dec. loth: the weeks in
Pert, to, etc. blissful. ; which these days fall are called ember weeks. [AS.
Elytron, el'Y-tron, -trum, -trum, n. ; pi. -tra, -tra. yrnbren, ymbryne, orig. a circuit, fr. ymbe (G. um-, L.
(Entom.) A
wing-sheath or outer wing of a beetle. ambi-), around, and ryne, a running, fr. rinnan, to
[Gr. elutron, fr. eleuein, to roll round.] run, hence OSw. ymberdagar; Sw. tamper-dagar,
Em, em, n. (Print.) The space occupied by the letter corrupt, fr. L. quatuor_ tempora, the 4 seasons.]
m when a square type, used as a unit for measuring Ember-goose, em'ber-goos, n. A web-footed bird, of
printed matter. the Arctic regions the great northern diver loon.
; ;

Emaciate, e-ma'shY-at, v. i. To lose flesh gradually, [Norw. embergaas, G. imber, D. embervogel.~]

waste away.— v. t. To cause to lose flesh gradu- Embezzle, em-bez'zl, v. t. [-zled (-zld), -zling.]
ally. —a. Emaciated. [L. emaciare, -atum, fr. e and To appropriate fraudulently to one's own use. [ME.
macies, leanness, macer, lean.] Ema'cia'tion, n. — embecyll, to confuse, imbezil, to take away, bezzle, to
Condition of becoming, or state of being, etc. squander. See Imbecile.] Embez'zlement. n. —
Emanate, em'a-nat, v. i. To issue forth from a Appropriation to one's own use of what is intrusted
source proceed, as a fountain, take origin, flow,
; to one's care. —
Embez'zler, n.
arise, spring. [L. emanare, -natum, it. e and manare, Embitter. SeejMBiTTER.
to flow s. rt. madere, to be moist.]
; Emana'tion, — Emblaze, em-blaz', v. t. [-blazed (-blazd'), -blazing.]
n. Act of, or thing which, etc.; effluvium efflux. To emblazon.— Embla'zon, -zn, v. t. [-zoned (-znd),
— Em'anant, a. Emanating ;
;

passing forth into an -zoning.] To deck in glaring colors, decorate to ;

act; making itself apparent by an effect. adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial.
Emancipate, e-man'sY-pat, v. t. To set free from [OF. blasonner.'] —
Embla'zoner, n. Embla'zonry, —
servitude voluntarily; to liberate; to free from any- -rY, n. Heraldic or ornamental decoration.
thing exerting undue or evil influence. a. Set at — Emblem, em'blem, n. An object symbolizing some
liberty. [L. e and mancipare, -patum, to transfer other object, quality, etc. figure type symbol ; ; ; ;

ownership in, fr. manceps, one who buys (lit. takes adumbration. [OF. embleme, a device, emblem, L.
in hand) property, fr. manus, hand, and capere, to and Gr. emblema, ornament, fr. Gr. emballein, to put
take.] —Eman'cipa'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- in, lay on, fr. en, in, and ballein, to throw, thrust,
ing, etc. liberation; release; f reedom.
; Emanci- — put.] — Emblematic, -ical, a. Pert, to, comprising,
pator, -ter, n. or using emblems. — Emblematically, adv. By
Emasculate, e-mas'ku-lat, v. t. To castrate, geld to ; way or means of emblems ; in the manner of em-
render effeminate. a. —
Deprived of virility or blems. —
Emblem'atist, n. A writer or inventor of
vigor; unmanned. [L. emasculare, -latum, fr. e and emblems. —
Emblem'atize, v. t. [-tized (-tizd),
mascidus, masculine, dim. of mas, male.] — Emas 7-
-tizing.] To represent, as by an emblem, sym-
cula'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. bolize. —
Em'bolus, n. Something inserted in an-
Embalm.em-bam', v. t. [-balmed (-b&md'), -balm- other; that which thrusts or drives, as a wedge or
ing.] Topreserve from decay by balm or other aro- piston. (Pathol.) A
plug lodged in a blood-vessel,
matic perpetuate in grateful remem-
oils or spices; to — usually a clot of fibrine, detached shred of a mor-
brance. [OF. embaumer, fr. en- (L. and E. in-) and bid growth, globule of fat, etc. [L. embolus, Gr.
baume, balm. See Balm.] Embalm'er, n. — embolos, fr. Gr. emballein.'] Em / Dolizm, -izm, n. —
Embank, em-bank', v. t. [-banked (-bankf), -bank- Intercalation; the insertion of days, months, etc., in
ing,] To inclose with a bank, bank" up. Em- — an account of time, to produce regularity. (Pathol.)
bank'ment, n. Act of surrounding or defending Occlusion of a blood-vessel by an embolus, when —
with a bank a mound or bank. in the brain, causing apoplexy and paralysis. [Gr.
Embargo, em-bar'go, n.
;

A
prohibition by public au- embolisma."] —
Embolic, -bolis'mal, -liz'mal, -lis''-
thority, and for a limited time, of departure from a mic, a. Pert, to, etc.
port any hindrance or restraint.
; v. t. £embar- — Emblement, em'ble-ment, n. (Law.) The produce
goed (-god), -going.] To hinder from leaving port, or fruits of landsown or planted the claim of an ;

by law or edict to hinder from going forward, by

; outgoing tenant for growing crops. [Norm. F. em-
an embargo. [Sp., fr. embargare, to arrest, fr. em- blear, fr. OF. bled, bid, grain.]
(L. in-) and barra, a bar. See Bar.] Embody, em-bod'*, v. t. [-bodied (-bodld), -body-
Embark, em-bark'', v. t. [-barked (-barkf), -bark- ing.] To form into a Dody, invest with matter,
ing. J To put on board a vessel to engage, enlist, make corporeal; to collect into a whole, incorporate,
— —
;

or invest in any affair. v. i. To go on board of a concentrate. Embod'iment, n. Act of, state of

vessel, engage in any business, enlist. [OF. em- being, or that which is, etc.; a complete system, like
barquer. See Bark.] —
Embarkation, n. Act of, an organized body.
etc.; thing embarked. Embogue, em-bog', v. i. To discharge, as a river, its
Embarrass, em-bar'ras, v. t. [-rassed (-rast), -rass- waters into the seaor other river. [See Disembogue.]
jng.] To hinder through perplexity, render intri- — Embog'uing, -boglng, n. Mouth of a river.
cate, confound, perplex, disconcert, abash, distress. Embolden, em-bold'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.)
(Com.) To incumber with debt, make incapable of To give boldness or courage to, encourage.
paying. [F. embarrasser, fr. barre, Proven, barra, pi. Embolic, Embolism, Embolus. See under Emblem.
ban-as, a bar, q. v.] —
Embarrassment, n. A state of Embonpoint, oN-boN-pwoN'; n. Plumpness of person;
entanglement or confusion; perplexity arising from fleshiness. [F.; en bon point, in good condition.]
insolvency, or inability to discharge debts. Embosom, em-bdoz'om, v. t. To take into the bosom,
Embassy, em'bas-sY, n. The public function of an cherish; to hide or half conceal.
embassador; persons sent as embassadors; dwelling Emboss, em- bos', v. t. [embossed (-bosf), -bossing.]
or office of an embassador. [OF. embassade, fr. LL. To cover with bosses or protuberances, ornament in
ambascia, a message. See Ambassador.] Em- or — relief, fashion raised work upon. [OF. embosser. See
Ambas'sador, n. A
minister of the highest rank Boss.] —
Emboss'ment, n. Act of, or state of being,
sent by one government to another, to represent etc.; raised work.
the appointing power, in matters between the gov- Embouchure, oN-boo-shoor', n. A mouth, or opening,
ernments. —
Embas'sado'rial, a. Pert, to, etc. as of a river, cannon, etc. [F. See Debouch.]
Embattle, em-bat'tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tling.] To Embowel, em-bow'el, v. t. [-eled (-eld"), -eling.] To
arrange in order of battle, prepare or arm for battle. remove the bowels of, eviscerate, embalm to hide ;

Embay, em-ba', v. t. [-bayed Gbad'), -baying.] To in the inward parts, bury, secrete.
inclose in a bay or inlet to landlock. Embower, em-bow'Sr, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -ering.]
Embed, em-bed', v. t. To lay as in a bed to bed.
;

; To lodge or rest in a bower. v. t. To cover with a —

Embellish, em-bel'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lish- bower, shelter_with trees. •

ing.] To make beautiful or elegant by ornaments; Embrace, em-bras', v. t. [-braced (-brasf), -bra.
to adorn, decorate, grace, illustrate. [OF. embellir, cing.] To clasp or inclose in the arms, press to the
fr. em-, en-, and bel, beautiful. See Beau.] Em- — bosom, cherish with affection te surround or in- ;

bellisher, n. —
Embellishment, n. Act of, or state close to include as parts of a whole, or divisions of
;

—
of being, etc.; ornament; beauty; adornment. a part, comprehend to seize eagerly, welcome.
Ember, em'bgr, n. A remnant of burning wood, v. i.
;

To join in an embrace. n. Close encircling —

smoldering amid ashes, — used chiefly in pi., to sig- with the arms pressure to the bosom; clasp; hug.
;

lm, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, dr
 EMBRASURE 177 EMPIRIC
[OF. embracer, to embrace, fr. en (L. in) and bi-as, Emiction, e-mik'shun, n. The discharging of urine?
L. brachium, arm. See Brace.]— Embra'cer, «. — urine. [L. e and mingere, mictum, to make water.]
Embrace'ment, n. A clasp in the arms; embrace.— Emigrate, em'Y-grat, v. i. To remove from one coun-
Embra'cery, -ser-T, n. (Law.) An attempt to cor- try to another, for residence. [L. e and migrare,
ruptly influence a jury, court, etc. -gratum, to migrate.] —
Emigrant, a. Pert, to an
Fort.) An opening:
Embrasure, em-bra'zher, n. (Fort.) open in a: in
in emigrant; removing from one country to another.
a wall or parapet, through n. One who, etc. —
Emigration, n. Removal to an-
which cannon are discharged other country for residence a body of emigrants.
;

See Casemate and Castle. Eminent, em'Y-nent, a. High; lofty; towering; ex-
(A>-ch.) The enlargement of alted in rank, office, or public estimation distin- ;

the aperture of a door or guished; conspicuous; prominent; illustrious. [L.

window, on the inside of the eminere, to stand out, be prominent, fr. e and minere,
wall, to give more space or to project.] Eminent domain. See Domain. Em'- —
light. [F., fr. OF. embraser. to inently, -II, adv. —
Eminence, -nency, -sX, n. A
chamfer off door jambs, fr. EE, Embrasures in height, elevation; an elevated situation among men;
era and braser, to chamfer, a parapet, distinction; preferment; a title of honor, appl. to a
bevel.] AA, Merlons. cardinal in the Rom. Cath. church.
Embrocate, em'bro-kat, v. t. (Med.) To rub (a dis- Emir, Emeer. e-mer', n. An Arabian prince, military
eased part) with spirit,oil. etc. [It. embroccare, L. commander, and governor of a conquered province;
embrocare, -catum, Gr. embrechein, to soak in, foment, in Turkey, an honorarv title of the descendants of
fr. en, in, and brechein. to wet : s. rt. rain.} — Embro- Mohammed. [Ar. amir, prince, fr. amara, Chald.
cation, n. Act of rubbing a diseased part lotion ; and Heb. amar, he commanded; s. rt. admiral.)
with which an affected part is washed. [OF.] Emit, e-mif, v. t. To send forth, cause to issue; to
Embroglio. See Imbroglio. issue forth, as an order or decree; to send into circu-
Embroider, em-broid'er, v. t. [-ered (-Srd), -ering.] lation, as notes or bills of credit. [L. e and mittere,
To cover with ornamental needle-work or figures. missum, to send.] —
Emissary, -sa-rT, n. secret A
[OF. en and broder, border, to broider, fr. bord, edge, agent, to advance the interests of his employers: a
;
—
hem s. rt. border.) Embroid'erer, n. Embroid r - — spy. —
a. Exploring; spying. —
Emis'sion, -mish r -
ery, -er-Y, n. Variegated needle-work decoration. ; un, n. Act of sending or throwing out: issue: thing
Embroil, em-broil', v. t. [-broiled (-broild'), -broil- sent out, or put in circulation at one time. Emis' —
ing.] To throw into perplexity, contention, or sive, -siv, a. Sending out; emitting.
trouble ; to entangle, encumber, disturb, trouble. Emmet, em'met, n. An ant or pismire. [AS. semete.
[OF. embrouiller, fr. brouiller, to tangle, jumble. G. ameise ; perh. s^rt. Ic. ama, to annoy.]
See Broil. ?;.] —
Embroil 'ment, n. State of conten- Emolliate, e-mollY-at, r. r. To soften, render effem-
tion or confusion; disturbance. inate. [L. e and mollire, to soften, fr. mollis, soft.]
Embrue. See Imbrue. — Emollient, -yent, a. Softening; making supple.
Embryo, em'brY-o, n.: pi. -OS, -oz. The germ of an — n. {Med.) An external application to allay irri-
organized being, in any stage of ante-natal devel- tation, and alleviate soreness, swelling, and pain. —
opment, —
in egg, womb", or seed. [OF. and Gr. em- Emolli'tion, -lish'un, n. Act of softening. Em- —
bryon. fetus, fr. Gr. en and bruon, p. pr. of bruein, to mollescence, -les'ens. n. The lowest degree of fusi-
be full of a thing, swell perh. s. rt. brew.] ; In em- — bility. [L. e and mollescere, to become soft.]
bryo. In an incipient or undeveloped state ; in con- Emolument, e-moKu-ment, n. Profit arising from of-
ception, but not yet executed. EmbryoFogy, -jY, — fice ;gain that which promotes public or private
;

n. Science of the development of the embryo of good. [OF.; L. emolumentum, lit. a working out, fr.
animals. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Embryog'eny, — emoliri, to work out, fr. e and moles, a mass.]
-oj'e-nY, n. Embryology. [Gr. genesis, origin.]
— Emotion, e-mo'shun, n. A
moving of the mind or
Emend, e-mend', v. t. To amend. [See Amend.] soul; state of excited feeling; agitation. [L. e and
Emenda'tion, n. Act of altering for the better; cor- movere, motum, to move.] —
Emo'tional, -tive, -tiv, a.
rection; alteration of a text, to give a better reading. Pert, to, or attended or characterized by, emotion.
[L. emendare. -aturn, to free from fault.] Em'en- — Empale, em-paK, Impale", v. t. [-paled (-paid'),
da'tor, -ter, n. —
Emend'atory, -to-rl, a. Pert, or -paling.] To inclose, surround, shut in; to put to
contributing to, etc. death by fixing on a stake. [OF. empaler, to spit on
Emerald, em/er-ald, n. (Min.) A precious stone of a a stake, fr. en (L. in) and pal (L. palus), stake.] —
rich green color. (Print.) A kind of type, in size Em- or Impalelnent, n. A fencing, or inclosing
between minion and nonpareil. [OF. esmeraude, L. with stakes; execution by thrusting a stake into the
smaragdus, Gr. smaragdos, Skr. marakata.) body. (Bot.) The calyx of a plant.
g^This line is printed in Emerald type.
Empanel, em-pan'el, n. A
list of jurors a panel. ;

Emperil, em-plrH, v. t. To put in peril, endanger.

Emerge, e-merj r
/r
, v. i. [emerged (-merjd ), emer- I Emperor. See under Empire.
GI>"G.] To rise out of, or as out of, a fluid; to issue Emphasis, em'f a -sis, n.;pl. -ses, -sez. {Rhet.) Stress
and appear. [L. emergen. See Merge.] Emer'- — j

; of utterance given to words or parts of a discourse,

gence. -gency, -jen-sY, n. Act of, etc.; sudden ap- intended to be impressed specially on an audience;
pearance unforeseen occurrence pressing neces- peculiar impressiveness of expression or weight of
—
; ;

sity exigency. Emer'gent, a. Rising out of a thought. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. en, in, and phasis, an
;

fluid or anything that covers issuing suddenly appearance, phanein, to show.] —

Em'phasize, v.t.
appearing calling for prompt action urgent.
; ;

— [-sized (-sizd), -sizing.] To utter with stress of

;

Emer'sion, -shun, n. Act of rising, etc.

;

voice, lay emphasis upon, make emphatic. Em- —

Emeritus, e-rner'Y-tus, n. ; pi. -in, -ti. One honorably phatic, -fat Ik, -ical, a. Uttered with, or requiring,
discharged from public service. a. Honorably — emphasis; attracting attention; forcible; impressive;
discharged from performance of public duty, said — striking. —
Emphatically, adv.
of an officer in a university, etc. [L., one who has Emphysema, em-fi-se'ma, n. (Med.) A
swelling pro-
served his time, fr. e and nierere, to merit, serve.] duced by air in the cellular tissue. [Gr., fr. en and
Emerods, em'e-rodz, -roids. n. pi. {Med.) Hemor- phusan, to blow.]
rhoids; piles. [Corrup. fr. hemorrhoids, q. v.] Empire, em'pir, n. Supreme power in governing; do-
Emersion. See under Emerge. minion of an emperor, or, rarely, of a king; predom-
Emery, em/er-Y, n. {Min.) An extremely hard, com- inant influence; sway; rule; control; government;
pact, dark-colored, granular mineral, allied to co- state. [OF.; L. imperium, command, fr.impemre,
rundum and sapphire,—used for grinding and polish- to command, fr. in arid parare, to make ready, order;
ing metals, stones, and glass. [ME. and OF. emeril, 8. rt. parade.] —
Em'peror, -per-er, n. The sover-
smeriglio, Gr. smeris, fr. sman. smechein, to rub. It. eign of an empire, —
a title superior to king. [F.
wipe; s. rt. smear.'] —
Emery cloth or paper. Cloth empereur, OF. empereor, L. imperator.]— Em'press,
or paper coated with powdered emery for polishing n. The consort of an emperor; a woman who rules
metal, etc. —
E. wheel. A wheel so faced, for polish- an empire. [OF. empere'ts, L. imperatrix.]
ing buff-wheel glazer. Empiric, em-pirlk or em'pir-ik, n. One who relies
;

Emetic, e-metlc. a. Inducing to vomit.

;

n. Med- — upon experiment and observation; one who confines

icine which, etc. [Gr. emetikos, fr. emein, to vomit.]
Emeute, a-mut', n. A seditious commotion or mob,
riot. [F., fr. L. emovere, to move out, stir up.]
Emication, em-Y-ka'shun, n. A flying off small
particles, as heated iron or fermenting liquors; scin-
tillation. [L. e and mlcare, -catum,
himself to applying the results of his own observa-
tion; esp., a quack doctor, charlatan. Empiric, —
-ical, a. Pert, to, or founded upon, exoeriment or
m experience; depending upon, etc., without due re-
gard to science and theory. [OF. empirique, L. em-
to sparkle.] piricus, Gr. empeirikos, fr. empeiria, experience, fr.

sun, cube, full : moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, t-hen, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

EMPLASTIO 178 ENCOUNTER

en and peira, trial, attempt;
Gr. poros, a way,
s. rt. voice, of the same word, for another. [Gr., fr. en
E. /ore.] — Empir'ieally, adv.— Empiricism, -sizm, and allassein, to change.]
n. Method or practice of an empiric; practice of Enamel, en-am'el, n. A
substance like glass, but more
medicine founded on experience, and neglecting fusible and nearly opaque; thing enameled. {Anat.)
science; quaekery. (Metaph.) The doctrine that all The smooth, hard substance covering the crown of
knowledge is derived from experience. a tooth. —
v. t. [-eled (-eld), -elino.] To cover
Emplaatie, em-plas'tik, a. Fit to be applied as a plas- with, or paint in, enamel; to form an enamel-like
ter; glutinous; adhesive. [Gr. emplassein, to daub surface upon.— v. i. To practice enameling. [F.
over. See Plaster.] en and amaile, amel, corrupt, fr. OF. esmail. It.
Employ, em-ploi", v. t. [-ployed (-ploid'), -ploying.] smalto, enamel, MHG. smelzen, D. smelten, to smelt.]
To keep in service; to use as instrument, means, or — Enam'eler, -elist, n. One who, etc. Enam'elar, —
materials, or as agent, servant, or representative. — a. Like enamel; smooth; glossy.
n. Employment. [OF. employer, to employ, fr. L. Enamor, en-am'er, v. t. [-ored (-Srd), -oring.] To
See Implicate.]
irnplicare. To employ one's self.— inflame with love, charm, captivate. [OF. enamourer,
To apply one's time and attention; to busy one's fr. en and amour, L. amor, love.]
self. —
Employ' er, n. —
Employ^, oN-plw5-ya / Em- ', Encage, en-kaj', v. t. To shut up in a cage.
ployee', -ploi-e', n. One employed. [F. employ 4.] — Encamp, en-kamp', v. i. [-camped (-kampf), -camp-
Employ'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.; ing.] To form and occupy a camp. v. t. To form —
that which engages or occupies; service; agency. into a camp. —
Encamp'ment, n. Act of pitching
Emporium, em-po'rl-um, n. ; L. pi. -ria, -rl-a, E. pi. tents or forming huts for temporary rest ; place
-riums, -umz. A
place of extensive commerce or where an army or company is encamped; camp.
trade; commercial city; mart. [L.; Gr. emporion, fr. Encaustic, en-kaws' tik, a. Pert, to the art of burning
emporia, commerce, emporos, passenger, merchant, in colors, —
appl. to a painting in wax liquefied by
f r. en and poros, a way, poreuesthai, to travel.] heat, also to painting on glass or porcelain, or wher-
Empower, em-pow'er, '
v. t. [-ered
-ering. (-erd), ever colors are fixed by heat. n. The method of —
To give
five legal
leg: or moral power or authority, or physi- painting in heated or burnt wax, etc. [OF. encaus-
cal force
i to, tique, wrought with fire, Gr. engkaiein, to burn in,
Empress. See under Empire. fr. en and kaiein (fut. kauso), to burn.]
Empressement, oN-pres'moN, n. Eagerness; zeal. [F.] Enceinte, oN'sant', n. {Fort.) The main inclosure.
Emprise, em-prlz', n. An undertaking, enterprise. — a. {Law.) Pregnant; with child. [F.,fr.enceindre,
[OF., fr. en and prise, a taking, fr. prendre, to take, to gird about, surround, L. incingere, fr. in and tin-
L. prendere.] gere, to gird.]
Empty, emp'tt, a. [emptier, -tiest.] Containing Encephalic, en-se-fal'ik, a. Pert, to the head or brain.
nothing; void; not filled; destitute of effect, sincer- [Gr. engkephalon, the brain, fr. en and kephale, the
ity, or sense; unable to satisfy; hollow; waste; de- head.] —
Enceph'alop'athy, -thT, n. {Pathol.) Dis-
serted; producing nothing; lacking sense; destitute ease referable to disorder of the brain. [Gr. pathein,
of reality, or real existence; unsubstantial. —v. t. to suffer.]
[emptied (-tid), -tying.] To exhaust, deprive of Enchain, en-chan', v. t. [-chained (-chand'), -chain-
the contents, —v. i. To pour or flow out, discharge ing.] To chain, fasten with a chain to restrain. ;
—
itself, become empty. [AS. semtig, fr. semta, leisure.] Enchain'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
— Emp'tiness, n. State of being empty; void space, Enchant, en-chant'', v. t. To charm by sorcery, hold
or vacuum; exhaustion; destitution; want of solid- as by a spell, delight highly, captivate, fascinate, en-
ity or substance; unsatisfactoriness; want of knowl- rapture, hewitch. [F. enchanter, f r. L. incantare, to
edge or sense.— Emp'tylng, n. Act of making empty. chant a magic formula against one, fr. in and can-
pi. The lees of beer, cider, etc.; yeast. tare, to sing.] —
Enchant'er, n. One who, etc. a ;

Empyema, em-pi-e'ma, n. {Med.) A collection of sorcerer, magician. — Enchant'ress, n. A woman

blood, pus, etc., in a cavity of the body, esp. of the who, etc.— Enchant'ment, n. Act of enchanting;
pleura. [Gr., fr. empuein, to have abscesses, fr. en use of magic arts, spells, or charms; that which en-
and puein, to separate, i',\ puon, pus.] chants incantation magic sorcejy witchery.
; ; ; ;

Empyreal, em-pir'e-al, a. Formed of pure fire or
light; refined heyond aerial substance. [Gr. empuros,
in fire, fr. en and pur, fire; s. rt. fire.'] Empyrean,
-pT-re'an, a. Empyreal, —n. The highest heaven,
•where the ancients supposed the pure element of fire
to subsist.— Em'pyreumat'ic, -pT-ru-mafik, -ical, a.
Pert, to, or like the taste or smell of burnt animal or
vegetable substances.
Emu, Emeu, e'mu, n. A
very large bird of Australia,
related to the ostrich. [Pg. ema.]
Emulate, em'u-lat, v. t. To strive to equal or excel;
Enchase, en-chas', v. t. [-chased (-chasf), -chasing.]
To inclose in a border or rim, encircle; to adorn with
— embossed or engraved work. [F. enchdsser, fr. chdsse,
same as chassis, frame, caisse, chest, case, q. v.]
Enchorial, en-ko'rt-al, -choric, -kor'ik, a. Pert, to a
country; native; popular; common, said esp. of —
the common written characters of Egypt, disting. f r.
the hieroglyphics. [Gr. engchorios, domestic, f r. en
and chora, place, country.]
Encircle, eD-ser'kl, v. t. [-cled (-kid), -cling.] To
form a circle about, embrace to go or come round, ;

to vie with, rival. [L. semulari, -atus, fr. semulus, encompass, inclose, surround, environ.
emulous.] —
Emula'tion, n. Act of attempting to ex- Enclave, en'klav, n. {Geog.) A
tract of land sur-
cel; desire of superiority, with effort to attain it; rounded by foreign territory. {Her.) Something
competition; rivalry; contest; strife. Em'ulator, — let into another. —
v. t. To inclose within other land.
-tSr, n. A
rival competitor. —
Em'ulous, -lus, a. [F., fr. L. in and clavis, a key.]
;

Ambitiously desirous of like excellence with an- Enclitic, en-klit'ik, -ical, a. { Gram.) Subjoined, —
other; rivaling. —
Em'ulously, adv. said of a word or particle so closely united to the
Emulgent, e-murjent, a. {Anat.) Milking or drain- preceding word as to seem to be part of it, and to
ing out, —said of the renal arteries and veins. n. — lose its own accents, sometimes varying the accent
An emulgent vessel; a remedy exciting the flow of of the preceding word.— n. {Gram.) word closely A
bile. [L. emulgere, emulsum, fr. e and mulgere, to joined to another. [Gr. engklitikos, f r. en and klinein,
milk.] —
Emul'sion, -shun, n. A
soft, smooth, milk- to incline; s. rt. lean.]
like remedy, formed by mixing with water and oil Enclose. See Inclose.
gummy or saccharine substances or yelk of egg. Encomium, en-ko'mT-um, n. ; E. pi. -ums, L. pi. -a, -a.
[OF.] —
Emul'sive, -siv, a. Softening; milk-like; Formal praise; high commendation; eulogy; pane-
yielding oil by expression; producing a milk-like gyric; applause. [Gr. engkomion, a laudatory ode, fr.
substance. en and komos, revelry; s. rt. comic] Enco'miast, n. —
n. (Anat.) Any organ of One addicted to praise a panegyrist, eulogis"
'

Emunctory, e-munk'to-rf, ; st. [Gr.

the body serving carry off excrementitious mat-
to engkomiastes.] —
Enco'miast'ic, -ical, a. Bet estowing
ter. [L. emungere, emunctum, to blow the nose, praise ; laudatory.
wipe, cleanse, fr. e and mungere, to blow the nose.] Encompass, en-kum'pas, v. t. [-passed (-past), -pass-
Enable, en-a'bl, v. t. [-abled (-bid), -bling.] To ing.] To describe a circle about, inclose, surround,
give strength or ability to; to supply with sufficient invest, hem in, shut up. —
Encom'passment, n. Act
power, [en- causal (F. en-, L. in-) and able, q. v.] of, or state of being, etc.
en-akt', v. t. To decree, make into a 1
Enact, en-al Encore, oN-kor', adv. Once more; again, a call for —
perform; to act the part of, play. Enact'ive, -tiv, — a repetition of a part of a play, etc. v. t. [-cored —
a. Having power to enact, as a law. Enact'ment, — (-kord'), -coring.] To call for, etc. [F. It. ancoro, ;

n. The passing of a bill into a law; a decree; the still, again, abbr. of L. in hanc horam, to this hour J
acting, as a part in a play. —
Enact 'or, -5r, n. Encounter, en-kown'ter, n. A
meeting face to face;
Ensilage, e-nal'la-je, n. (Oram.) substitution of A a running against ; a hostile meeting ; conflict t
—
one gender, number, case, person, tense, mode, or skirmish ; combat ; rencounter onset. v. t. [ws»
;

am, fSme, far, piss or opera &*& '

end, eve, term ; In, Ice j Sdd, tone, 6r
 ENCOURAGE
countered (-terd), -tering.] To come
to face; esp., to meet in opposition or with hostile
intent, — v. i. To meet, esp., as enemies. [OF. en-
contrer, to encounter, fr. en (L. in) and contre (L.
contra), against. See Counter.]
Encourage, en-kur'ej, v. t. [-aged (-ejd), -agixg.]
To give courage to, inspire with spirit or hope, em-
bolden, incite, cheer, stimulate, comfort, promote,
forward. [F. encourager, fr. «i and courage, fr.
coettr, L. cor, heart.]— Encour'agement, n. Act of,
etc.; incentive: that which supports, promotes, or
advances. —
Encour'aging. a. Furnishing ground
for hope; favoring.— Encour'agingly, adv.
179 ENGAGE
against face Endorse, Endorsement, etc. See Indorse, etc.
Endoscope, en'do-skop, n. Apparatus to explore the
urethra and bladder. [Gr. endon & sko/iein, to view.]
Endow, en-doW, v. t. [-dowed (-dowd'), -dowing.J
To make pecuniary provision for; esp., to furnish
with dower: to enrich with any gift, quality, or
faculty, indue. [F. en and douer, to endow. See
Dower.] —
Endowment, n. Act of settling a fund
or provision for the support of anyone; property,
f ur.d, or revenue permanently appropriated to any
object; gift of nature; talents; natural capacity.
Endue. See Indue.
Endure, en-dur r v. t. [-dured (-durd'), -during.]
,

Encnnite, en'krl-mt, n. The stone-lily, a fossil ani- To remain firm under, sustain, Drook, undergo; to
mal of the star-fish family, the joints of whose stems bear with patience, bear up under. v. i. To con- —
are small calcareous disks. [Gr. en and krinon, lily.] tinue in the same state without perishing, abide,
Encroach, en-kroch', v. [-croached (-krochf),
i". last; to remain firm under sustain suffering
trial,
-croaching.] To enter gradually into the rights patiently. [OF. endure r, fr. en and durer, to last.
and possessions of another, intrude, trench, in- See Dure.] — Endur'able. a. — Endur'ance, n. A
fringe, trespass. [F. en and croc, a hook.] En- — state of lasting or duration continuance act of ; ;

croach'er, n. —
Encroacb/ment, n. Act of, etc.; bearing pain or distress without sinking; patience;
that taken by encroaching on another. fortitude: resignation.
Encumber, en-kum'ber, Incum'ber, v. t. [-bered Eneid, ^Sneid, e-neld, n. An epic poem, by Virgil,
(-berd), -berixg.] To impede the action of, as with in which ^Eneas is the hero.
a burden; to load with debts, mortgages, etc.; to Enema, e-ne'-or en'e-ma, n. (Med.) An injection,
clog, oppress, embarrass, hinder. or clyster, thrown into the lower bowel. [L. and
[OF. encornbrer.
See Cumber.] —
Encumbrance, n. Gr., fr. Gr. en and hienai, to send.]
That which im-
pedes action clog impediment that which en-
; ; ; en'e-mY, n. One who is actuated by unfriend-,

cumbers an estate; debt; lien; burden; hindrance. ly feelings; one who hates adversary opponent ; ; j

Encyclical, en-siklik-al, a. Sent to many persons or foe. [OF. enemi, L. inimicus, fr. in priv. and amicus,
places; circular. [Gr. engkuklios, circular, succes- friend.] — The enemy. (Theol.) The evil one; the
sive, f r. en and kuklos, ring.] —
Encyclopedia, -paedia, devil. (Mil.) The opposing force, used as a col- —
en-si'klo-pe'dT-a, n. The circle of sciences; esp., a lective noun, either sing, or pi. — En'mity, -tl, n.
work in which the branches of science or art are Quality of being, etc.; hostility; rancor; hatred; ill-
discussed separately, and usually in alphabetical will malevolence. [ME. enmite, OF. enamistiet,
;

order. [Same as cyclopedia, q. v.J Ency'clope'di- —

later inimitie, fr. en pnv. and amitiet, amity, q. v.]
an, a. Embracing the whole circle of learning. — Energy, en'er-jT, n. Internal or inherent power
Ency'cloped'ic, -ped'ical, a. Pert, to an encvclo- power efficiently exerted strength of expression ;

pedia: universal in knowledge. Ency'dope'dist, —emphasis: vigor: spirit. (Mech.) Capacity for per-
i

n. The compiler of an encyclopedia one whose forming work, or moving against resistance. [OF.
;

knowledge embraces the whole range of science. energie, Gr. energeia, fr. en and ergon, work; s. rt.
EncyBted, en-sisfed, a. Inclosed in a cyst, bag, blad- work.] — Energetic, -ical, -jetlk-al, a. Exerting
der, or vesicle. force ; active ; exhibiting energy ; operating with
End, end, n. The extreme
or last portion; concluding vigor and effect powerful efficacious potent;
— Energetically, — En'ergize,
; ; ;

part: the conclusion; result termination of being ; effective. adv. -jlz,

or of happiness; destruction; cause of destruction v. i.[-gized (-jizd), -GiziNG.] To act with force or
or death; object aimed at; purpose; what is left; vigor, v. t. —
To give strength to.
remnant. —
v. i. To bring to an end or conclusion, Enervate, e-ner' vat, a. Weakened; without force.
finish, terminate: to destroy, put to death. v.i. — v. t. To deprive of nerve, force, strength, or cour-
To come to the end, be finished, cease. [AS., Dan., age; to enfeeble, debilitate to cut the nerves of.
and G. aide, D. einde, Ic. endi, Skr. anta, an end, [L. enervare, -i-atum, fr. e and nervus, nerve.] En-
;

—
limit.] — End 'ing, n. Termination; {Gram.)
result. erva'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc.
The terminating letter or syllable of a word. End'- — Enfeeble, en-fe'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bung.] To
less, a. Without end or conclusion perpetually ; render feeble, deprive of strength, weaken, debili-
recurring eternal interminable infinite
; ; inces- ; ; tate, enervate. —
Enfee'blement, n. Enervation.
sant; void of design. —Endless screw. {Mech.) A
/
Enfeoff, en-fef, v. t. [-FEOFFED(-feft '), -feoffing.]
screw combined with a wheel and axle, its threads (Law.) To give a feud to, invest with a fee. [en-
working into teeth on the periphery of the wheel. and ME. feffen, OF. feoffer. Law L. infeofare. See
— Endlessly, adv. —
Endlessness, n. End'wise, — Feoff, under Fee.] — Enfeoffment, n. (Law.) Act
-wiz, adv. On end; erectly; with the end forward. of giving the fee-simple of an estate; deed convey-
Endanger, en-dan'jer, v. t. [-gered (-jerd), -gering.] ing the fee.
To put to hazard. Enfilade, en-fT-lad', n. (Mil.) line or straight pas- A
Endear, en-der', v. t. [-de a red (-derd'), -dearing.] sage. —
v. t. To pierce, scour, or rake with shot
To make dear, or dearer. — Endear'ment, n. Act through the whole length of (a work or line of
of, or state of being, etc.; that which, etc. troops). [F., f r. enfiler, to thread, go through a street,
Endeavor, en-dev'er, n. A putting forth of power for rake with shot, fr. en and./??, thread, ~L. filum.]
some end; an attempt; trial: effort; exertion. v. — Enfold. See Infold.
i. [endeavored (-era), -oring.] To exert power Enforce, en-fors', v. t. [-forced (-forsf), -forcing.]
to accomplish an o eject; to attempt, try, essay, aim. To put force upon, constrain, compel; to make or
— v. t. To attempt to gain, [en causal and ME. and gain by force to give force to, strengthen, urge with
;

OF. devoir, duty. See Devoir.] energy; to put in force, give effect to. Enforce'- —
Endecagon. See 'Hendecagon. able, a. —
Enforce'ment, n. Act of enforcing; com-
Endemial, en-de'ml-al, -dem'ic, -domical, -demlk-al, pulsion ; restraint a putting in execution : that ;

a. (Med.) Peculiar to a people, nation, or district. which enforces. Enfor'cer, n. —

[Gr. en and demos, a people.] Enfranchise, en-fran'chiz, v. t. [-chised (-chizd),
Endive, en'div, n. (Bot.) A species of succory, — -chising.] To set free, liberate, release; to make
used as a salad. [F.: L. intubus.] free of a city, corporation, or state, naturalize. [See
Endocardium. en-de-kar'dT-um, n. (Anat.) The lin- Franchise.]— Enfranchisement, n. Release from
ing membrane of the cavities of the heart. [Gr. slavery or custody; admission to the freedom of a
endon, within, and kardia, heart.] corporationor state. — EnfranChiser, n.
Endogen, en'do-jen, n. A plant which increases in Engage. en-gaj r v. t. [-gaged (-gajd'), -gaging.]
,

size by internal growth and To put under pledge, bind, involve; to gain for
elongation at the summit, in- service, enlist; to win and attach to occupy; to
—
;

stead of externally, and having
no distinct pith, as the rattan,
palm, cornstalk. [Gr. endon,
within, and genesthai to be pro-
duced.] —
Endogenous, -doj'e-
nus, a. Increasing by internal
growth and elongation at the
summit.
enter into contest with, encounter. v. i. To be-
come bound; to embark, take a part, enlist; to enter
into conflict. [F. engager, fr. en and gage, q. v.,
, pledge, pawn.] —
Engaged', p. a. Pledged; prom-
ised; esp., promised in marriage; betrothed; greatly
interested earnest. ; Engaged columns. (Arch.) —
Columns partly sunk into the wall to which they are
Endogen. attached. —
E. wheels. (Mech.) Wheels in gear with

sun, cube, full : moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil; linger or ink. titien. boNboN. chair, get.

ENGENDER
each other, —
the driver being
the engaging wheel, the follower
the engaged. —
Engagement, n.
Act of, or state of Deing, etc.;
thine engaged or pledged; that
which engages; obligation; en-
grossing occupation; avocation;
employment promise. (Mil.)
; in riddles, f r. ainos, a story.]
A general action or battle; com-
bat tight. —
Enga'ging, p. a.
;
Winning ; attractive. — Enga'-
gingly, adv.
Engender, en-jen'der, v. t. [-dered
(-derd), -dering.] To form
embryo, procreate ; to cause to
exist, produce; to sow the seeds
of, breed, beget, occasion, cause.
— v. i. To be caused or pro-
duced. [F. engendrer, L. ingen-
erare, fr. in and generare, to be- _,
get, fr. genus, generis, birth. -Engaged
See Gender, Genos.]
Engine, en'jin, n. (Mech.) A machine in which me-
chanical powers are combined; any instrument by
which any effect is produced; esp. one designed to
kill; anything used to effect a purpose; means. [OF.
engin, fr. L. ingenium, genius, also an invention. See
Ingenious.]— Engineer', -er', n. One skilled in
engineering; one who manages an engine; one who
carries through an enterprise by
— v.
contrivance. [engineered (-erd'), -eering.]
t.
To perform the work of an engineer; to guide or
carry through a measure or enterprise. Engineer-
ing, n. Science and art of utilizing natural forces
—
and materials, divided into military engineering
(the designing and constructing defensive and of-
fensive works) and civil engineering (the design-
ing and constructing machinery and fixed public
works, as roads, canals, etc.) En'ginery, -jin-rT,
n. Act of managing engines, or artillery; engines
in general; instruments of war.
English, in'glish, a. Pert, to England, its inhabitants,
or their language. —
n. The people of England; the
language of the English nation and of their descen-
dants in other countries; a peculiar impulse given
to a ball in the game of billiards. (Print.) kind
of type, in size hetween pica and great primer.
The type called English
— English, v. t. [-lished (-glishf), -lishing.] To
translate into English, Anglicize, interpret. (Bil-
liards.} To strike (a ball) with the cue, so that the
ball receives a rotary motion deflecting it from its
natural course. [AS. Englisc.ir. Engle, Angle, the
German tribe who settled in Britain.]
Engorge, en-g6rj', v. t. [-gorged (-g6rjd'), -gorg-
ing.] To swallow with greediness. v. i. To feed
with eagerness or voracity. [F. engorger, fr. en and
gorge, throat. See Gorge.] —
Engorge'ment, n. Act
of swallowing greedily. (Med.) Congestion.
Engraft, Engraft. See Ingraft.
Engrail, en-gral', v. t. [-grailed (-grald'), -grail-
ing.] To variegate or spot, as with hail; to indent
or make ragged at the edges, as if broken with hail.
[F. engreler, fr. grele, hail.]
Engrain, en-gran', v. t. [-grained (-grand'), -grain-
ing.] To dye in grain, or in the raw material; to
incorporate with the grain or texture of anything.
Engrave, en-grav', v. t. [imp. -graved (-gravd'); p.
p. -graved or -graven; -graving.] To carve fig-
ures, letters, or devices upon; to form by incisions
upon wood, stone, metal, etc.; to impress deeply,
infix. [OF. engraver, fr. en and G. graben, to dig,
cut, carve. D. graven, to dig, graveren, to engrave
(fr. the F.).] —Engrav'er, n. —
Engrav'ing, n. Act
or art of cutting metals, wood, etc., and of repre-
senting figures and devices on them, esp. to be
printed from them on paper ; an engraved plate
impression from a plate; print
Engross, en-gros', v. t. [-grossed (-grosf), -gross-
ing.] To copy in a large, fair hand; to occupy
wholly, absorb; to take unduly, swallow up, fore-
stall, monopolize. [F. en and gros, large, OF. gros-
soyer, to write in a large, fair hand.] Engross'er,
n.— Engross'ment, n. Act of, etc. thing engrossed.
Engulf. See Ingulf.
Enhance, en-hans', [-hanced (-hansf), -han-
v. t.
cing.] To raise to a higher point, advance, augment,
increase, aggravate, —v. i. To be raised up; to grow
larger. [OProven. enansar, to further, advance, fr.
s. far. Diss
; — —
180 ENSCONCE
enans, before, fr. L. in ante.] — Enhance'ment, ru
Act of, er state of being, etc. augmentation.
;
Enigma, e-nig'ma, n. ;pl. -mas, -maz. An obscure ques-
tion or saying; puzzle; riddle; a statement, whose
hidden meaning is to be discovered; an action which
cannot be satisfactorily explained. [L. senigma,
-matis, Gr. ainigma, -matos, fr. ainissestiiai, to speak
—
Enigmat'ic, -ical, a.
Pert, to, containing, or like, etc.; obscure. —Enig-
matically, adv. —
Enig'matist, n. One who makes,
or talks in, enigmas. —
Enig'matize, -tTz, v. i.
[-TI2ED (-tizd), -tizing.] To deal in riddles.
Enjoin, en-join', v. t. [-joined (-joind'J, -joining.]
in To put an injunction on, direct with authorrty.
order. (Law.) To prohibit or restrain by a judicial
order or decree. [F. enjoindre, L. injungere, fr. in
and jungere, to join.]
Enjoy, en-joi', v. t. [-joyed (-joid'), -joying.] To
feel or perceive with pleasure to have and use with
;
satisfaction; to have sexual intercourse with. [OF.
Columns. enjoier, fr. en and joie, E. joy.] Enjoy'able, a.—
Enjoy'ment, n. Condition of enjoying; pleasure;
cause of joy; gratification; satisfaction; happiness.
Enkindle, en-kin'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.J To
set on fire, kindle; to excite, rouse into action.
Enlarge, en-larj', v. t. [-larged (-larjd'), -larging.]
To make larger, increase the capacity of, dilate, as
with joy, affection, etc., increase, expand. v. i. To —
grow large or larger; to be diffuse in speaking or
skillful or artful writing, expatiate. —
Enlarge'ment, n. Act of, or
state of being, etc.; expansion or extension, as of
the mind; ennoblement; release from confinement,
— servitude, distress, etc.; diffusiveness of speech.
Enlighten, en-llt'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To
supply with light, illuminate to make clear to the
;
intellect or conscience, inform, instruct. Enlight'- —
ener, n. — Enlight'enment, n. Act of, or state of
being, etc.
— Enlist, en-list', v. t. To enter on a list, enroll, regis-
ter; to engage in public service, unite firmly to a
cause, — v. i. To engage in public service by en-
rolling one's name to enter heartily into a cause. —
;
Enlist'ment, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. the ;
j
writing by which a soldier is bound.
Enliven, en-liv'n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.., To
A give life, action, or motion to; to give spirit or vi-
vacity to, cheer, animate, inspirit, invigorate. [Fr.
live.'] —Enliv'ener, n.
Enmity. See under Enemy.
Enneagon, en'ne-a-gon, n. (Geom.) A polygon of 9
sides and 9 angles. [Gr. ennea, 9, and gonia, angle.]
Ennoble, en-no'bl, [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To
v. t.
make noble, dignify, give titular rank to, aggran-
dize.— Enno'blement, n. Act of, or that which, etc.
Ennui, oN-nwe', w. A feeling of weariness and disgust;
listlessness; tedium; lassitude. [F., orig. enui and
anoi. See Annoy.]
— Enormous, e-n6r'mus, a. Deviating from, or exceed-
ing, the usual rule; great beyond the common meas-
ure; huge; vast; prodigious; exceedingly wicked;
atrocious. [OF. enorme, L. enormis, fr. e and norma,
rule.] — Enor'mously, adv. Excessively. Enor'- —
mousness, n. —Enor'mity, -m\-tf,n. State of being,
or that which is, immoderate, monstrous, or outrage-
ous; atrocious crime; flagitious villainy.
Enough, e-nuf, a. Satisfying desire; adequate; suffi-
cient. — adv. Sufficiently; fully; quite; in a toler-
able degree. n. A sufficiency; a quantity which
satisfies desire. [AS. genoh, genog, fr. geneah, it suffi-
ces, D. genoeg, G. genug.] —
Enow, -now'. A form
of enough.
Enquire. See Inquire.
Enrage, en-raj', v. t. [-raged (-rajd'), -raging.] To
fill with rage, provoke to madness, exasperate.
Enrapture, en-rap'chur, v. t. [-tured (-churd), -Tur-
ing.] To transport with pleasure; to ravish.
Enravish, en-rav'ish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.]
To transport with delight, enchant. Enrav'ish- —
ment, n. State of being, etc.
Enrich, en-rich', v. t. [-riched (-richf), -riching.]
To make rich, adorn; to fertilize; to store with
knowledge, instruct. —
Enrich'ment, n. Act of, or
that which, etc.; decoration; embellishment.
Enroll, en-rol', v. t. [-rolled (-r5ld'), -rolling.] To
— write in a roll or register, record, enlist; to envelop,
; involve. —
Enroll'ment, n. Act of enrolling; that m
which anything is enrolled; a register.
Ensample, en-sam'pl. n. An example. [OF.; F. ex-
ample, q. v.]
Ensanguixie, en-san'gwin, v. t. To stain with blood.
Ensconce,' en-skons', v. t. [-sconced (-skonst')i
or opera, fare ; Ice : 6dd, tone. 6r ,
 ENSEMBLE 181 ENTREAT
-sconcing.] To
cover or shelter, as with a sconce divert; to take into consideration: to harbor, cher-
or fort; to protect, hide securely. ish. — v. i. To receive guests. [F. entretenir, fr.
Ensemble, ox-som'bl, n. The whole all the parts entre (L. inter), between, and tenir (L. tenere), to
taken together. [F., fr. L. insimul, at the same time,
;

hold.] — Entertain'er, n. — Entertaining, a. Af-

f r. hi and simul, together, at once.]
Enshrine, en-shrin', v. t. [-shrined (-shrind'),
-SHRINING.] To inclose in a shrine: to cherish.
Ensiferous, en-sif'er-us, a. Carrying a sword. [L.
ensis, sword, and ferre, to bear.]
En'siform, -sl-
fdrm, a. Sword-shaped. [L. forma, form.]
Ensign, en'sin, n. The banner distinguishing a com-
pany of soldiers, army, or vessel; a badge, signal; a
commissioned officer, who formerly carried the flag
of a company or regiment. [OF. ensigne, LL. insigna,
L. msigne, a" standard, neut. of insignis, remarkable.
See Insignia.] —
En'signcy, -si, -ship, n. Rank or
office of an ensign.
Ensilage, en'sl-lej, n. (Agric.) Process of preserving
fodder crops in a green state, by depositing them in
a silo. [F., fr. en and silo, q. V.J
Enslave, en-slav', v. t. [-slaved (-slavd'), -slaving.]
To reduce to slavery or bondage.— Enslave'ment, ».
Act of, or state of being, etc. —
Enslav'er. n.
Ensnare. See Insnare.
Ensphere, en-sfer', v. t. To place in, or form into, a
sphere or orb.
Ensue, en-su r v. t. [-sued (-sud r ), -suing.] To fol-
low, pursue.
,
fording entertainment; amusing; diverting. —
En-
tertain'ment, n. Act of receiving as host, or of
I
amusing, admitting, or cherishing; that which en-
I
tertains, esp. a feast, banquet; diversion; pastime.
—
:
Enthetic, en-thefik, a. (Pathol.) Pert, to, or orig-
inating in, poisons in the body. [Gr. en and tithenai,
to place.]
Enthrall. See Ixtiirall.
• Enthrone, en-thron', v. t. [-throned (-thrond'),
!
-throning.] To place on a throne, invest with sov-
ereign authority. (Eccl.) To induct or install (a
bishop) into a vacant see. — Enthrone'ment, n. Act
of, or state of being, etc.
Enthusiasm, en-thu /'zl-azm, n. An ardent zeal in re-
spect to some object, cause, or pursuit; fervor of
soul; fanaticism. [OF. enthusiasme, Gr. entliousias-
mos, fr. enikimazein, to be inspired, fr. enthous, for
entheos, inspired, lit. full of the god, fr. en, within,
—
and theos, god.] Enthu'siast, n. One moved by
enthusiasm; a visionary; fanatic; zealot. — Enthu'-
siasfic, -ical, a. Filled with, etc.; zealous in the
pursuit or support of an object or cause.— Enthu-
siasfically, adv.

v. i.—To follow or come after, suc- Enthymeme, en'thl-mem, n. (Rhet.) An argument

ceed. [OF. ensuir, L. insequi, fr. in and sequi, to fol- consisting of only 2 propositions, an antecedent and
low. See Sue.] a consequent deduced from it. [Gr. enthianema, fr.
Ensure. See Insure. en and thumos, mind.]
Entablature, en-tab'la-chur, n. (Arch.) That part of Entice, en-ils', v. t. [-ticed (-ilsf). -ticing.] To
an order which is over the col- draw on, or instigate, by hope or desire: esp. to lead
umns, including the architrave, astray, tempt, decoy, seduce, inveigle, persuade.
frieze, and cornice. [OF.;LL. in- [OF. enticer, enticher; perh. fr. MHG. zicken, to
tabulamentum, fr. L. in and tabula, push, zecken, to drive, tease.] —Entice'ment, n. Act
board, table.] or practice of, etc.; what incites to evil; allurement;
Entail, en-tal'. n. That whichen- is temptation; inducement. —Enti'cer, n.
tailed. (Law.) An estate or fee Entire, en-tir', a. Complete in all parts; full and
entailed, or limited in descent to ,.,,, .

m \\ mm \
- perfect; whole; not participated with others; full;
particular heirs rule by which IllllUlilliWIIl l Will
ilH comprising all requisites in itself; without mixture
—
;

the descent is settled. v . t. [ex- or alloy; without defect; complete; unbroken. (Bot.)
tailed (-tald'), -tailing.] To set- Consisting of a single piece, as a corolla. [F. entier,
tle inalienably on a person or fr. L. integer. See Integer.] —
Entirely, adv.
thing, or on a person and his de- Wholly; completely; fully.— Entire'ness, -ty, -tl, n.
scendants. [F. entaille, fr. entailler, luimr State of being entire; completeness; integrity.
to cut away, fr. en and tailler, to Entitle, en-ti'tl, v. t. [-tled (-tld), -tling.] To give
cut. See Tail. J —
Entailment, n. Entablature. a title to, dignify by an honorary designation, de-
Act condition of being, etc.
of, or nominate, call; to give a claim to, furnish grounds
Entangle, en-tan'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -glixg.] To for seeking.
twist or interweave so as not to be easily separated; Entity, en'tl-tY, n. A real being, whether in thought
to involve in complications, perplex, embarrass, or in fact; essence; existence. [LL. entitas, fr. ens,
puzzle. —
Entanglement, n. State of being, etc.; entis, p. pr. of L. esse, to be.]
intricacy; perplexity. Entomb, en-toom', v. t. [-tombed (-toomd'), -tomb-
Enter, en'ter, v. t. [-tered (-tSrd), -terixg.] To ing.] To deposit in a tomb, bury, inter, inhume.
come or go into, penetrate; to unite in, join, engage Entomology, en-to-moKo-jI, n. That part of zoology
in; to attain, reach, begin: to insert; to inscribe, re- which treats of insects. [Gr. entomon, an insect
cord. (Law.) To go into or upon lands, and take (neut. of entomos, cut into, fr. en and temnein, to
possession of them; to place in regular form before cut: see Insect), and logos, discourse.] —Entomo-
the court, usually in writing. v. i. —
To go or come logical, -loj'ik-al, a. Pert, to the science of entomol-
m; to begin; to penetrate; to constitute a part. [OF. ogy. — Entomologist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc. —
entrer, L. intrare, to enter; s. rt. L. trans, across, Entomos'tracan, -kan, n. (Zobl.) Acrustacean of
Skr. tri, to cross.] —
En'trance, -trans, n. Act of en- inferior grade. [Gr. ostrakon, burnt clay, i. e., the
tering, also of taking possession (of property or of- hard shell.]
fice); permission or power to enter; door or passage Entozoon, en-to-zo'on, n. ; pi. -zoa, -zo'a. (Zobl.) A
by which to enter; act of beginning; commence- parasite within a living Deing, as in the intestines
ment: the causing to be entered, as of a ship or or tissues. [Gr. entos, within, and zoon, animal.] —
goods at a cugtom-house, a name upon a register, Entozo'al, -ic, a. Pert, to, etc.
etc. —
Entree', oN-tra'. n. Entry; permission or Entr'acte, oNtr-akf, n. The interval between the
right to enter; a course of dishes at table; a side- performance of 2 acts of a drama a dance, inter-
dish. [F., p. p. of entrer.] —
En'try, -tri, n. Act of
;

lude, etc., performed between 2 acts. [F., fr. entre

entering: entrance; making a record; a passage; ves- (L. inter), between, and acte (L. actus, fr. agere, ac-
tibule. (Com,) Exhibition of a ship's papers at the tum, to act), an act.] —Entremets, oNtr-ma', n. A
custom-house, to procure license to land goods. small plate set on between the principal dishes at
(Law.) The taking possession of lands or tenements —
table. [F.; mets, a dish, mess, q. v.] Entrepot, -po',
by setting foot on them; a formal putting upon rec- n. A warehouse or magazine for deposit of goods ;

ord. [F. entr£e.~] a bonded warehouse; free port. [F., fr. L. interpos-
Enteric, en-ter'ik, a. (Med.) Pert, to the intestines. itum, fr. inter and ponere, position, to put.]
[Gr. enteron, intestine.] —
Enteri'tis, n. Inflamma- Entrails, en'tralz, n. pi. The bowels guts; viscera; in-
;

tion of, etc. —

Enterofomy. -ml, n. (Anat.) Dis-
section of, etc. (Surg.) Incision of the intestines
in reducing hernia. [Gr. temnein, to cut.]
Enterprise, en'ter-prizl n. That which is undertaken;
a bold attempt: adventure: willingness to engage in
labor which requires boldness, energy, etc. v. t.
To undertake, venture upon. [F. entreprise; entre-
prendre, to undertake, fr. entre, between, and pren-
dre, to take.] —
En'terpris'ing, a. Bold to undertake.
Entertain, en-ter-tan'', v. t. [-taixed (-tand'), -taix-
ing.] To maintain, support; to show hospitality to.
ternal parts, as of the earth. [OF. entrailles, LL.
intralia, intranea, L. interanea, entrails, fr. intera-
neus, inward, fr. inter, within.]
Entrance, Entree, Entry. See under Enter.
Entrance, en-trans", v. t. [-tranced (-transf).-TRAN-
— cixg.] To put into a trance, make insensible to
present objects; to ravish with delight or wonder.
Entrap, en-trap' v. t. [-trapped (-trapf), -trap-
pixg.] To catch as in a trap, insnare.
Entreat, en-tret'', v. t. To treat, deal with, use or
manage to treat with, ask earnestly, importune, be-
:

receive as host; to engage agreeably the attention of. seech, beg, implore. [OF. entrai'ter, fir. en (L. in)

8un, cube, full ; moon. fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbox, chair, get.
 —

ENTRUST 182 EPIGLOTTIS

and traiter (L. tractar.e), to treat, q. v.] Entreat'y, — with earth, or with earth heaped up. [F., f r. ipauler,
-T, n. Act of, etc.; solicitation; suit; petition. to support with the shoulders.]
Entrust. See Intkust. Ependyma, ep-en'di-ma, re. (Anat.) The lining mem-
Entwine, en-twin', v. t. [-twined (-twind'), -twin- branes of the ventricles of the brain. [Gr., an up-
ing.] To twine, twist together. per garment, f r. epi and enduna, garment, fr. en and
Entwist, en-twist', v. t. To twist or wreathe around. duein, to put on.]
Enucleate, e-nu'kle-at, v. t. To bring out, as a kernel Epenthesis, e-pen'the-sis, n.; pi. -ses, -sez. (Oram.)
from enveloping husks to make manifest, clear,
; Insertion of a letter or syllable in the middle of a
explain. [L. enucleare, -atum, f r. e, out, and nucleus, word. [Gr., fr. epi, en, and tithenai, to put, set.]
q. v.] —
Enu'clea'tion, n. Act of, etc. Epergne, a-parn', n. An ornamental stand in the cen-
Enumerate, e-nu'mer-at, v. t. To count, number, ter of a table. [F., economy, fr. dpargner, to save,
compute to recount, recapitulate. [L. enumerare,
; G. sparen, AS. sparian, E. spare.]
-atum, fr. e and numerare, fr. numerals, number.] —
Epha, Ephah, e'fa, n. A Hebrew measure, equal to
Enu'mera'tion, n. Act of, etc. a detailed account, ; 1 4-'.) bushels. [Heb. ephah, fr. Copt, epi, measure,
in which each thing is specially noticed. (Rhet.) A op, to count.]
recapitulation in the peroration of the heads of an Ephemera, e-fem'e-ra, n. (Med.) fever of one A
argument. —
Enu'merative, -tiv, a. Counting, or day's continuance only. (Entom.) The day-fly, or
reckoning up, one by one. May-fly; strictly, a fly that lives one day only, ap-
Enunciate, e-nun'shT-at, v. t. To announce, pro- plied also to short-lived insects. [Gr., fr. epi and
claim, declare ; to make distinctly audible, utter, hemera, a day.] —
Ephem'eral, n. Anything which
pronounce. —
v. i. To utter words or syllables. [L. lasts but a day or a very short time. Ephem'eral, —
e and nunciare, -atum. See Announce.] Enun'- —
-eric, -erous, -rus, a. Beginning and ending in a day;
cia'tion, n. Act of, etc. mode of pronunciation,
; diurnal existing for a short time only.
; Ephem"- —
esp. as regards distinctness of articulation thing eris, n. ; pi. Ephemerides, -mer'Y-dez. A journal;
:

enunciated or announced; declaration Enun 'da- .

—diary. (Astron.) An astronomical almanac; a tabu-
tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to enunciation or ut- lar statement of the assigned places of a planet,
terance. comet, etc., on successive days. [Gr., a diary.]
Enveigle. See Inveigle. Ephod, ef'od, n. (Jew. Aatiq.) The Jewish high
Envelop, en-vel'up, t\ t. [-oped (-upt), -oping.] To priest's upper garment. [Heb., fr. dphad, to put on.]
surround as a covering to wrap up, inclose within Epic, ep'ik, a. Containing narration relating great
; ;

a case, wrapper, etc. [OF. envoluper, enveloper, ME. events. n. —

An epic or heroic poem. [L. epicus,
wlappen, It.inviluppare. See Develop.] Envel- Gr. — epikos, fr. Gr. epos, word, narrative, song s. rt. ;

ope, en'vel-op or oN-vel-op', Envel'op, -up,w. That L. vox, voice.] —

Ep'os, n. An epic poem, or its sub-
which envelops; a wrapper; esp. wrapper of a letter. ject; epopee. [Gr.] —
Ep'opee, -pe, n. An epic poem,
{Fort.) A mound of earth, covering a weak part of or the fable constituting its subject. [Gr. epopoiia;
the works. —
Envelopment, n. Act of enveloping ; poiein, to make.]
an inclosing on all sides; that which envelops. Epicene, ep'Y-sen, a. or n. Common to both sexes,
Envenom, en-ven'um, v. t. [-omed (-umd), -oming.] appl., in gram., to nouns having but one form of
To impregnate with venom, or anything noxious to gender. [Gr. epi and koinos. common.] -
life to poison
; to taint with bitterness or malice. Epicure, ep'Y-kur, n.
; follower of Epicurus, a A
Enviable, Envious, etc. See under Envy. Greek philosopher who assumed pleasure to be the
Environ, en-vi'run, v. t. [-roned (-rund), -roning.] highest good one addicted to sensual enjoyments ;
;

To surround, encompass, encircle to involve, en- ; a voluptuary sensualist. Epicurean, -ku're-an or

; —
velop. [OF. environner, fr. environ, round about, -ku-re'an, a. Pert, to Epicurus or his philosophy;
fr. en and virer, to turn, veer. See Veer. Envi- —
given to luxury; luxurious.— n. follower of, etc.; A
ronment, n. Act of, state of being, or that which, one given to luxuries of the table. Epicureanism, —
etc.— Environs, en-vi'- or en'vi-runz, n. pi. Places -izm, n. Attachment to the doctrines of, also the
surrounding another place, or in its neighborhood. principles or belief of, etc.— Ep'icu'rism, n. Doc-
Envoy, en'voi, n. One dispatched upon an errand trines of, etc.; sensual enjoyments; voluptuousness.
;

esp. one deputed to negotiate a treaty, or transact Epicycle, ep'Y-si'kl, n. (Ptole-

business, with a foreign government, —
disting. f r. maic Astron.) A circle, whose
an ambassador or permanent resident at a foreign center moves round in the cir-
court. [OF., a message, also envoye", a messenger, cumference of a greater circle.
fr. envoyer, entreier, to send, f r. ent (L. bide), thence, [F.; L. epicyclus, Gr. epikuklos,
away, and roycr, reier (L. viare), to travel, fr. L. fr. epi and ktdclos, cycle, cir-
via, a way. [See Voyage.] cle.] —
Epicy'cloid, -kloid, n.
Envy, en'vY, v. t. [-vied (-vid), -vying.] To regard ( Geom.) A cur"e generated
with discontent and malevolent longing; to be tilled by a point in the circumfer-
with emulation at sight of; to desire strongly, covet. ence of a movable circle, which
— v. i. To be filled with envious feelings. n. —
rolls on the inside or outside
Pain, mortification, or discontent, excited by an- of the circumference of a fixed
other's superiority; an object of envious feeling. [F. circle, as by the point a or a' Epicycloid.
envie, L. invidia, envy. See Invidious.] En'vier, —in the circle A or A'. [Gr. eidos, form.] Ep'icy- —
n. — En'viable, a. —
En'vious, -us, a. Feeling, ex- cloid'al, a. Pert, to, or having the properties of,
hibitimr, or directed by, envy. —
En'viously, adv. etc. —
Epicycloidal wheel. A contrivance to secure
Enwrap. See In wra p. parallel motion in converting reciprocating motion
Eocene, e'o-sen, a. {Geol.) Pert, to the earliest part into circular.
of the tertiary period, —
alluding to the approxima- Epidemic, ep-Y-dem'ik, -ical, a. Common to, or affect-
tion in its life to that of the present era. [Gr eos, ing, a whole people or community; generally pre-
day-break, dawn, and kainos, recent.] E'oeine, —
vailing. —
Epidemic, n. (Med.) A disease which,
-sin,w. (Chem.) A
fluorescent rose-colored or red- arising from a wide-spread cause, affects many per-
dish-brown dye-stuff for silks. sons at once. [OF. epidimique, L. epidemus, Gr.
Eolian, e-o'li-an, Eolic, -ol'ik, a. Pert, to vEolia or epidemos, fr. epi and demos, the people.]
^Eolis, in Asia Minor, to ^Eolus, god of the winds, Epidermis, ep-Y-dgr'mis, n. (Anat.) The cuticle or
or to the wind.— Eol'ic, n. The Greek dialect 6poken scarf-skin of the body outer layer of the skin of
in ancient iEolia; music or verse of the iEolians. —
animals. (Bot.) External layer of the bark of a
;

Eolian harp, etc. See under 2Eolian. plant. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. epi and derma, skin.]
Eon. See AZon. Epidote, ep'T-dot/w. (Min.) A vitreous mineral, con-
Epact, e'pakt, n. The moon's age at the end of the sisting of silica, alumina, lime, and oxide of iron, or
year excess of the solar year or month beyond the
; manganese. [Gr. epi and uidonai, to give.]
lunar. [OF. epacte, fr. Gr. epaktos, added, fr. epag- Epigastric, ep-Y-gas'trik, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the
ein, to bring in, fr. epi, to, and agein, to lead.] upper and anterior part of the abdomen. [Gr. epi
Eparch, ep'ark, n. Governor of a subdivision of a and gaster, belly.]
country. [Gr. eparchos, fr. epi and arche, dominion.] Epigenesis, ep-T-jen'e-sis, n. (Physiol.) The theory
— Ep'archy, -Y, n. A
province under an eparch. that, in conception, the germ is created new, not
Epaulet, -lette, ep'aw-let', n. {Mil.) A badge worn merely expanded, by the procreative power oi the
on the shoulder by military and naval officers. [F. parents, —
opp. to the theory of evolution. [Gr. epi
epaulette, dim. of e'paule, OF. espaule, espalle, shoul- and genesis, generation.]
der, fr. L. spatula, a blade, later shoulder, fr. spatha, Epiglottis, ep-Y-glot'tis, n. (Anat.) valve of car- A
Gr. spathe, blade.]— Epaule'ment, -pawl'-, n. (Fort.) tilage at the base of the tongue, whieh closes the
Aside-work, made of gabions, fascines, or bags, filled glottis and excludes food or drink from the larynx

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; in, Ice ; Odd, tone,
 EPIGRAM 183 EQUAL
while eating. [Gr., fr. epi and glottis, fr. glotta, era ; [L. epocha, Gr. epoche, f-r. epecfiein, to
age.
glossa, the tongue.] hold in, check, fr. epi and echein, to have, hold.]
Epigram, ep'Y-gram, n. A short poem on one sub- Epode, ep'od, n. (Poet.) The 3d or last part of the
i'ect, ending with a witty thought. [F. epigramme, ode; a species of lyric poem invented by Arehilo-
j. and Gr. epigranima, fr. Gr. epi and graphein, to chus, in which a longer verse is followed by a
write.] —
Epigrammatic, -ical, a. Writing, deal- shorter one. [OF.; L. and Gr. epodos, fr. Gr. epi
ing in, pert, to, or like, etc. concise pointed ; ; and adein, to sing.]
poignant. —
Ep'igrammatlcally, adv. Ep /igram /'- — ;

Eponym, -nyme, ep'o-nim, n. A

name of a people,
matist, n. Une who composes, etc. Ep^gram'- — country, etc., derived from that of an individual;
maoze,
matize, v. (.
t. [-tized ^iiiu;, -tizing.]
[-iiitu (-Hzd), -i iaiau.j To
jloirepresent the person whose name is so used. [Gr. epi and
or express by, etc. —
Epigraph, -graf, n. An in- onoma, name.]
scription on a building denoting its use: a rmotto. Epopee, Epos. See under Epic.
Ipilepsy, ep'T-lep'sT,
Epilepsy, (Me'/.) The falling sickness;
ep'Y-lep'sT, n. (Med.) : Epsom Salt, ep'sum-sawlt. (Med.) Sulphate of mag-
a disease characterized by convulsions, stupor, and nesia having cathartic qualities, orig. prepared fr.—
foaming at the mouth. [OF. epilepsie, L. and Gr. mineral waters at Ejjsom, England.
epilepsia, fr. Gr. epi and lamoanein, to seize.] Epi- — Equal, e'kwal, a. Having the same magnitude, di-
lep'tic, a. Pert, to, affected with, or consisting of, mensions, value, degree, etc. having competent;

epilepsy. power or means; fit; not variable; equable; not un-

Epilogue, ep'T-log, n. A speech or short poem ad- duly inclining to either side; uniform; fair; just;
dressed to the spectators by one of the actors, after equitable. n. —One not inferior or superior to an-
a play. (Rhet.) Closing part of a discourse. [F. ; other. v. t.— [equaled (-kwald), EQUALING.] To
L. efiilogus, Gr. epilogos, fr. epi and logos, a speech.] be or become equal to, or commensurate with; to
— EpTlogis'tic, -jis'tik, a. Pert, to, or of the nature recompense fully; to make equal or equal to, equal-
of, etc. ize, regard as equals. [L. sequalis, fr. sequus, equal,
Epiphany, e-pifa-ni, n. An appearance, or becom- just; s. rt. Skr. eka, one.] —
E'qually, -IT, adv.—
ing manifest. (Eccl.) A
festival, celebrated Jan. Equality, -kwoKl-tt. n. Condition or quality of
6th, to commemorate the appearance of our Savior being equal. (Math.) Exact agreement between ex-
to the wise men of the East. [F. epiphanie, L. and pressions or magnitudes with respect to quantity.
Gr. epiphania, fr. Gr. epi and phainein, to show.] E'qualize, -kwal-Iz, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To
Epiphyte, ep'T-fit, w. (Boi.) A
plant growing upon make, pronounce, or compare as, equal. E'qual- —
other plants, but not deriving its nourishment from izalion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. E'qua- —
them an air-plant.
; A
vegetable parasite on men ble, a. Equal and uniform; continuing the same at
and animals. [F., fr. Gr. epi and phvton, plant, fr. different times; uniform in action or intensity; not
phuein, to grow.] variable. —
E'quably, adv. —
E'quabillty, -tY, n.
Episcopal, e-pis'kc-pal, a. Governed by bishops; pert, Quality or condition of_being, etc.; evenness; uni-
to, or vested in, bishops or prelates; pert, to the formity. —
Equate, -kwat', v. t. To make equal,
church of England, or the Prot. Episc. church of reduce to an average. [L. sequare, -atum. fr. sequvs.]
U. S. [OF. L. episcopalis, f r. niscopus, Gr. episko- — Equa'tion, n. A making equal: equal division.
—
;

pos, overseer, bishop. See Bishop.] EpiB'copa'- (Math.) An expression of the condition of equality
lian,-lT-an,a. Pert, to episcopacy or to the Episc, between two algebraic quantities, the sign= being
church; episcopal, —n. One who adheres to, etc. placed between them. (Astron.) Difference between
a churchman. —
Epis'copa'lianism, -izm, n. Epis- the true and the mean place or other element of a
copacy. —
Epia'copally, adv. Episcopate, -pat, n. — celestial body .—Equation of payments. (Arilh.) Pro-
A bishopric; and dignitv of a bisliop collec-
office cess of finding the mean time of payment of sums
tive body of bishops. — Episcopacy, -sT, n. Gov-
;

due at different times. —

E. of time. (Astron.) Dif-
ernment of the church by bishops, or by 3 orders of ference between mean and apparent time. Per- —
ministers —
bishops, priests, and deacons. sonal e. (Astron.) Difference between an observed
Episode, ep't-sod, n. (Rhet.) An incidental narra- result and the true, depending on personal qualities
tive, or digression, arising from the main subject. in the observer. —
Equa'tor, -ter, n. (Geog.) A great
[Gr. epeisodos, a coming in besides, fr. epi, besides, circle on the earth's surface, everywhere equally
eis, into, and hodos, a way.] —
Episodic, -sSdlk, distant from the 2 poles, and dividing the earth's
-ical, a. Pert, to, or contained in, etc. surface into 2 hemispheres. (Astron.) A great cir-
Epistle, e-pisl, w. A writing sent to a person; letter. cle of the celestial sphere, coincident with the plane
[OF.; L. epistola, Gr. epistole, fr. epi and stellein, of the earth's equator. [LL. sequator.'] Equato/'- —
to send.] — Epis'tolary, -to-la-rl, a. Pert, or suitable rial, -rt-al, a.Pert, to the equator. n. (Astron.)
to, or contained in, letters. A telescope mounted that it may be directed to
so
Epistrophe, e-pis'tro-fe, n. (Rhet.) figure in whichA any star, etc., whose right ascension and declination
successive clauses end with the same word or affir- are known. —
Eq'uity, ek'wY-tY, n. The giving, or
mation •n. [Gr., fr. epi and strephein, to twist, turn.] desiring to give, to each man his due, disting. fr. —
Epitaph, 1, ep't-taf,
ep" n. An inscription on a monument, justice in requiring a higher standard than enact-
in memory of the dead. [F. epitaphe, L. epitaphi- ment or custom. (Law.) An equitable claim a ;

fr. Gr. epitaphios (logos), funeral (oration), fr system of jurisprudence, whose object is to supply
epi and taphos, tomb.] —
Epitaphlc, a. Pert, to, or deficiencies of courts of law. Impartiality; recti-
of the nature of, etc. tude; honesty; uprightness. [OF. equity, L. tequilas.]
Epithalamium, ep'Y-tha-la'mY-um, n. A nuptial song. — Eq'uitable, a. Possessing or exhibiting equity;
[L.; Gr. epithalamion, fr. epi& th alamos, bridal bed.] giving, or disposed to give, each his due; pert, to the
Epithet, ep'Y-thet, n. An adjective expressing some tribunal or rule of equitv; fair; reasonable; right;
quality, attribute, or relation of a person or thing candid. [OF.] —
Eq'uitableness, n. Eq'uitably, —
title; appellation. [L. and Gr. epilheton, fr. Gr. epi
;

adv. —
E'quanimlty, -tY, n. Evenness of mind;
and tithenai, to place, set.] —
Epithetlc, a. Pert, composure: calmness. [L. seqvanimitas, fr. sequvs
to, consisting of, or abounding in, epithets. and animus, mind.] —Equiangular, e-kwY-an'gu-
Epitome, e-pit'o me, n. ; pi. -mes, -raez. brief sum- A ler, a. Consisting of, or having equal angles. —
mary; abridgment; compendium abstract; synop- Equidiflerent, a. Having equal differences; arith-
sis.[L. and Gr., fr. Gr. epi and temnein, to cut.]
;

— metically proportional. —
Equidislant, a. At an
EpiVomist, n. One who makes, etc. Epifomize, — equal distance from the same point.
v. t. [-MizED (-mizd), -mizing.] To shorten or Equilateral, a. Having all the si r'es
abridge. —Epit'omiz'er, n. equal. [L. latus, lateris, side.] Equi- —
Epizeuxis, ep-T-zuksIs, n. (Rhet.) A figure by which librate, -brat, v. t. To balance equal-
a word is repeated with vehemence or emphasis. ly 2 scales, sides, or ends to keep ;

[Gr., fr. ejri and zeugnunai, to join, yoke.] in equipoise. [L. ssquilibrare, -bru-
Epizoon, ep-Y-zo'on, v.; pi. -zoa, -zo'a. (Zobl.) One tum, lihrare, to weigh, poise, fr. libra, P „ ., .

of a class of parasitic insects or worms living upon balance.] -

Equilibra'tion, «. Act ^hfteral
J.rian to ie.
.

lice, acari, etc.; an animal infesting the surface of of, or state of being, etc.; equipoise.
the body of another —
as lice, fleas, etc. [Gr. epi and — Equilib /'rity, -lib'rY-tr. n. State of being equal-
zoon, animal.] —
Epizootic, -zo-otlk, a. Parasitic on ly balanced. —
Equilibrium, -rT-um, n. ; L. pi. -ria,
animals; pert, to, or affected by, diseases prevalent -rl-a; E. pi. -eiums, -umz. Equality of weight or
among animals —
eorresp. to epidemic diseases force a just balance in respect to an object, so
;

among men.— Epizo'oty, -o-tY, n. A murrain among that it remains firm equal balancing of the
horses, cattle, etc. mind between motives or reasons. [L.]
;

In equilib- —
Epoch, ep'ok, n. A fixed point of time, from which rio. In a state of equilibrium. [L.]— Equimulti-
dates are reckoned a remarkable period of time;
: ple, -tT-pl, a. Multiplied by the same number or

cube, full ; moon, f6t>t •, cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — ; —

EQUERRY 184 ERR

quantity. —
n. (A?-ith. & Gcom.) A product arising -atum, to beam.] —
Era'dia'tion, n. Emission of
from the multiplication of primitive quantities by light or splendor.
the same number or quantity. E'quinox, n. The — Eradicate, e-rad'T-kat, v. t. To pull up by the roots,
precise time when the sun enters one of the equi- extirpate, root out; to put an end to, exterminate,
noctial points. [F. e'quinoxe, OF. equinocce, L. sequi- destroy. [L. eradicare, -catum, fr. e and radix,
noctium, time of equal day and night; fr. sequus and radicis, root.] —
Erad'icable, a. Erad'ica'tion, n. —
nox, noctis, night.] —
Autumnal equinox. Time when —
Act of, or state of being, etc. Eradlcative, -tiv, a.
the sun enters the 1st point of Libra, being about Tending or serving to eradicate_.
Sept. 23d. —Venial e. Time when the sun enters Erase, e-ras / v. t. [erased (-rasf), erasing.] To
',

the 1st point of Aries, being about March 21st.— rub or scrape out, efface; to obliterate, as ideas in
Equinoctial, -shal, a. Pert, to the equinoxes, or the mind or memory. [L. eradere, erasum, fr. e and
to the regions or climate of the equinoctial line or radere, to scrape, shave.] Eras ' able, a. — Erase'- -
—
equator, or to the time when the sun enters the equi- ment, n. Act of erasing; obliteration; destruction.
noctial points, —n. (Astron.) The celestial equator, — Eras'er, n. —
Eras'ure, -ra'zhur, n. Act of eras-
— so called because when the sun is on it, night and ing; obliteration.
day are of equal length throughout the world. — Erastian, e-rast'yan, n. (Eccl. Hist.) follower of A
Equinoctial colure. (Astron.) Meridian passing the Ger. physician, Thos. Erastus, who held the
through the equinoctial points. —
E. points. (Astron/) church to be a creature of the state, dependent upon
The 2 points where the celestial equator and ecliptic it for authority. —
a. Pert, to, etc. Erasfianism, —
intersect each other, the one being in the first point -izm, n. Principles of, etc. state control of religion.
;

of Aries, the other in the first point of Libra.— Ere, ar, adv. Before; sooner than. prep. Before in
E'quipoise, -poiz, n. Equality of weight or force, respect to time. [AS. ser, soon, before, Ic. ar, Goth.
equilibrium a state in which the 2 ends or sides of
; air, soon, early, D. eer, OHG. er, G. eher, sooner: s.
a thing are balanced; equality. Equipollent, a. — rt. early.] —
Ere-long', adv. Soon; before long.
Having equal force; equivalent. (Logic.) Having Ere-now', adv. Before this time. Ere-while', —
equivalent signification and reach. [L. pollens, p. -whiles'', -hwilz', adv. Sometime ago; a little while
pr. of pollere, to be strong, able.] Equipol'lence, — before. — Erst, erst, adv. First at first in early ; ;

-lency, -sr, n. State of being, etc. (Logic.) Equiv- times; once: formerly. [AS. asrest, superl. of ser.]
alence between propositions. —
Equiponderate, -at, Erect, e-rekf, «. Upright, or in a perpendicular pos-
v. i. To be equal in weight, v. t. To counter- — ture; raised; uplifted; firmly established; bold.—
balance. [L. ponderare, to weigh.] Equipon'der- — i'. t. To set upright, lift up, raise; to raise (a build-
ance, -ancy, -an-st, n. Equality of weight; equipoise. ing) to give loftiness or high tone to, exalt to
: ;

— Equiponderant, a. Having the same weight.
Equiv'alent, a. Equal in value, force, power, effect,
import, etc. (Geom.) Equal in dimensions, but not
euperposable. (Geol.) Contemporaneous in origin.
— n. That which is equal in value, weight, dignity,
or force. (Ckem.) Atomie weight of a substance,
or a number which expresses the proportion by
weight in which it combines with other substances.
[OFT; L. sequivalens, p. pr. of xquivalere ; valere, to
be worth. See Value.] —
Equivalence, -lency, -st,
w. Condition of being, etc.; equal power or force.
(Ckem.) The quantity of the combining power of
an atom, expressed in hydrogen units; valency.—
Equiv'ocal, a. Having different significations equal-
ly appropriate or plausible; ambiguous; uncertain;
capable of being ascribed to different motives; un-
certain as to its cause or effect. [L. sequivocus, of
doubtful sense; vox, vocis, voice, sense.] Equiv-
ocally, adv. —
Equiv'ocalness, n. Equivocate,
-kat, v. i. To use words of equivocal or doubtful
signification with a view to mislead; to prevaricate,
evade, shuffle. [OF. equivoquer.] Equivocation,
n. Ambiguity of speech evasion quibbling.
EquiVoca'tor, -t5r, n. — ;
cheer; to set up (an assertion or consequence from
premises, etc.); to establish anew, construct, build,
institute, found. [L. erigere, erectum, fr. e and
regere, to rule.] —
Erect'er, n. Erect/ile, -il, a. —
Capable of being, etc. —
Erec'tion, n. Act of, or
state of being, etc.; thing erected; a building.—
Erecfive, -iv, a. Setting upright; raising. Erect'- —
ly, adv.
Eremite, er'e-mlt, n. Same as Hermit.
Ergo, er'go, adv. Therefore; consequently. [L.]
Ergot, ergot, n. An elongated, black, poisonous form
of the kernel of rye and other grasses, caused by a
fungus, —used to cause contraction of the uterus;
spur; smut. (Far.) A
protuberance behind and be-
lowthe pastern-joint. [F., a diseaseof cereal grasses.]
— Er'gotine, -in, n. (Che/n.) The narcotic poison ob-
tained from, etc. —
Er'gotism, -izm, n. Poisoning re-
— sulting from eating diseased grain, esp. bread made
— of spurred rye.
Ermine, er'min, n. An animal allied to the weasel,
inhabiting northern Europe and
— America, and having the fur white
— in winter, but the tip of the tail in-

Equivoque, a-ke-vok', Equi-

;

tensely black throughout the year;

voke, ek'wt-vok, n. An ambiguous term; equivo- the fur of the ermine; the dignity
cation. [F. Equivoque.] of judges, whose state robes, lined
Equerry, e-kwer'rl,
T, e-k' T, ek'we-rt, n. A stable; an with ermine, are emblematic of pu-
offieer in charge of nobles' or princes' horses. [F. rity. (Her.) One of the furs used
Ermine,
e~curie, OF. escurie, LL. scuria, a stable, OHG. in blazonry, represented by spots shaped as in the
skiura, a shed; s. rt. esquire ; not s. rt. L. equus.] cut. [OF. "Sp. armino. It. ermellino, K
; ^
Equestrian, e-kwes'trf-an, a. Pert, to horses, their LL. armdinus, fr. OHG. harmin,
management, and the art of riding; riding on horse- ermine-fir. harmo, an ermine.]
back ;performed by one on horseback. — n. A Erode, e-rod', v t. To eat into or
horseman rider. [L. equestris, equester, fr. eques, away; to corrode. [L. erodere, -ro-
;

horseman, fr. equus, horse.]— Equestrianism, -izm, sum, fr. e and rodere, to gnaw.] —
n. Performance on horseback; horsemanship.— Ero'sion, -zhun, n. Act or opera-
E'quine, -kwin, Equi'nal, a. Pert, to, or like, a tion of. or state of being, etc. cor-
horse. —
Eq'uitant, ek'wY-tant, a. Mounted on a rosion; canker.
;

horse. (Bot.) Overlapping each other, said of — Erotic, e-rofik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or
leaves. [L., p. pr. of equitare, to ride, fr. equus.] — prompted by, love; amatory. [Gr. Ermine.
Eq'uita'tion, n. Horsemanship. erotikos, fr. eros, love.]
Equip, e-kwip'', v. t. [equipped (-kwipf), -ping.] To Erpetology. See Herpetology.
supply with what is necessary to efficient action, — |

Err, er, v. i. [erred (erd), erring (er'ring).] To

6aid esp. of ships or troops; to dress, array, decorate.
[OF. equiper, esquiper; Ic. skipa, to set in order,
skapa, to shape, form; s. rt. shape, ship.'] Eq'ui-
page, -pej, n. Furniture esp. furniture and sup-
;
wander from the right way; to mistake in judgment
or opinion: to fail morally. [O F. errer, L. errare,
— -atum, OHG. irreon, MHG. and G. irren, to wander;
Goth, airz-jan, OHG. irran, for irrjan, to make to

plies of a vessel, or of an army, body of troops, or err, OHG. irri, G. irre, astray Skr. ri, to go.] ;
—
single soldier equipment
accouterments habili-
; Errant, er'rant, a. Deviating from an appointed
;

ments; attendance; retinue. £OF.] Equip^ment, — ;

course or direct path; roving; wild; extravagant; no-

n. Act of, state of being, or thing used in, etc. torious; arrant. [OF.] —
Erratic, -ical, a. Roving
Bra, e'ra, n. ; pi. Eras, -raz. A fixed point of time, about without a fixed destination eccentric not ; ;

from which a series of years is reckoned; a succes- fixed or stationary; transported from the original
sion of years proceeding from a fixed point, or com- resting place. —
Erratic, n. (Geol.) Material borne
prehended between fixed points; epoch; date; pe- away by natural agencies from its original site; a
riod; age. [L. sera, an era, orig. counters, items of bowlder. —
Erratically,,adv. Without rule, order,
account, prop. pi. of ses, brass, money.] or established method; irregularly. Erra'tum, n.; —
Eradiate, e-ra'dY-at, v. i. To shoot forth, as rays of pi. -ta, -ta. An error in writing or printing.— Erro'-
light; to beam. [L. e, out, and radius, ray, radiare. neous, -us, a. Deviating from a right course; not

am, fame, far, pats or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In. ice ; Odd, tone, dr
 ERRAND 185 ESPOUSE
conformed to truth or justice; containing error; lia- ic, a. Serving or tending to form an eschar; pro-
ble to mislead; irregular; false; mistaken. [L. erro- ducing a scar; caustic.
neus.] — Erroneously, adv. —
Erro'neousness, n.— Eschatology, es-ka-tol'o-jT, n. The doctrine of the
Er'ror, -rer, n. A
deviation from the right course; last things, as death, judgment, etc. [Gr. eschatos,
want of truth; inaccuracy; violation of law or duty; furthest, last, and logos, discourse.]
blunder mistake
; transgression
; fault. (Math.) ; Escheat, es-chet', n. (Feud. & Eng. Law.) Reverting
Difference between the result of any operation and of lands to the lord of the fee, through extinction of
the true result. (Law.) A mistake in the proceed- the blood of the tenant. (£/. S. Law.) Falling or
ings of a court of record in matters of law or of reverting of real property to the State, as orig. and
fact. [OF. and L.] ultimate proprietor, by failure of legal owners a ;

Errand, er'rand, n. Something to be said or done by a writ to recover escheats from the person in posses-
messenger message commission; one's purpose in sion. Lands which fall to the lord or state by es-
—
; ;

going. [AS. & Dan. serende, Ic. eyrendi, Sw. arende ; cheat; what falls to one; a reversion. v. i. (Law.)
perh. s. rt. AS. earu, Ic. orr, swift, Skr. ri, to go.] To revert, return, or become forfeited to the lord,
Errhine, er'rin, n. (Med.) A medicine to be snuffed the crown, or the state. [OF. eschet, a thing fallen
up the nose to cause sneezing; a sternutatory. [Gr. to, fr. escheoir, to fall to the lot of, fr. cheoir, L. ca-
en and rhh. rhinos, nose.] dere, to fall.] —
Escheat 'able, a. Liable to escheat.
Erae, ers, n. The language of descendants of the Gael Eschew, es-choo', v. t. [-chewed (-chood /'), -chew-
or Celts in the west Highlands of Scotland, called ing.] To flee from, shun, seek to avoid. [OF. es-
by themselves Gaelic. a. —
Pert, to the ancient in- chever, to shun, avoid, OHG. sciuhan, to frighten,
habitants of Scotland. [Corrupt, of Irish.] fear, shy at, fr. schiech, G. scheu, shy; s. rt. shy.]
Erst. See under Ere. Escort, es'kdrt, n. An attendant to afford safety, re-
Erubescent, er-oo-bes'sent, a. Red, or reddish; blush- spect, honor, or attention; a guard; protection on a
ing. [L. entbescens, p. pr. of erubescere, to grow red, journey or excursion. Escort', v. t. To attend —
fr. rvhere, to be red, ruber, red.] —
Erubes'cence, m
order to protect; accompany as safeguard. [OF.
-cency, -sen-st, n. Act of,_etc; redness; blush. escorte. It. scorta, an escort, p. p. of scorgere, to
Eract, e-rukf, Eruc'tate, -tat, v. t. To eject, as wind, guide, L. corrigere, to set right. See Correct.]
from the stomach; to belch. [L. eructare, -latum, fr. Escritoire, es-kri-tw6r', n. A writing-desk. [OF.;
e and ructare, to belch.] —
Eructa'tion, n. Act of LL. scriptorium, fr. L. scribere, to write.]
belching; a bursting forth, as of wind or other mat- Escrow, es'kro, n. (Law.) bond delivered to a A
ter from the earth. third person, to hold till some condition is per-
Erudite, er'u-dit, a. Characterized by extensive formed, and not to take effect till the condition is
knowledge; learned. [L. erudire, -ditum, to instruct, performed. [Norm. F. escrowe, scroll, OF. escroe,
fr. e and rudis, rude.] —
Erudi'tion, -dish'un, n. escroue, a roll of writings, bond, perh. fr. L. scrobis,
State of being, etc.; literature; learning. ditch, grave; perh. fr. OHG. schraube. E. screw.]
Eruginous, e-roo'jT-nus, a. Partaking of copper, or Esculapian, es-ku-la'pT-an, a. Pert, to Eseulapius,
copper rust resembling rust. [L. aeruginosas, fr.
; god of the healing art; medical; medicinal; curative.
serugo, rust, fr. ass, seris, metal, copper.] Esculent, es'ku-lent, a. Suitable to be used for food;
Eruption, e-rup'shun, n. Act of Dursting forth, as edible, n. Anything eatable. — [L. esculentus, fr.
from inclosure or confinement; that which bursts escare, to eat, fr. esca, food, fr. edere, esum. to eat.]
forth suddenly or violently. (Med.) The breaking Escutcheon, es-kuch'un, n. (Her.) The shield; the
out of a cutaneous disease; the disease itself. [L. field or ground on which a coat of i
eruptio, fr. e and rumpere, ruptum, to break, burst.] arms is represented shield of a ;

— Erup'tive, -tiv, a. Breaking forth; attended with,
or producing eruption. (Geol.) Produced by, etc.
Erysipelas, er-T-sip'e-las, n. (Med.) St. Anthony's
tire; an acute inflammatory disease of the skin and
subjacent tissues. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. eruthros, red,
—
and pella, pellatos, skin.] Erysipelatous, -st-peK-
a-tus, -sip'elous, -lus, a. Resembling, or of the na-
ture of, etc.
Escalade, es-ka-lad', n. (Mil.) An attack in which
ladders are used to mount a rampart. v. t. To
scale; to mount and enter. [F.; Sp. escalado, p. p.
of escalar, to scale, fr. escala, L. scala, ladder.]
Escalop, es-skol'up, n. {Conch.) A bivalve shell, with
one straight side, the face usually marked with ribs. Eskimo. See Esquimau.
A curving indenture in the margin of anything. [OF. Esophagus, e-sof'a-gus, n. (Anat.) Passage through
escalope. See Scallop.] —
Escal'oped, -upt, a. Cut
or marked like, etc. (Her.) Covered with waving
lines, or with indented borders overlapping.
Escape, es-kap', v. t. [-caped (-kapf), -caping.] To Esoteric, es-o-ter'ik, a. Designed for, and under-
flee from and avoid, shun; to avoid the notice of,
evade. — v. i. To hasten away, avoid danger or in-
jury; to be passed without harm. —
n. Act of flee-
ing from danger, evading harm, or avoiding notice;
deliverance from injury or restraint. [OF. escaper,
eschaper, It. scappare, to escape, scappata, LL. es- Espalier, es-pal'yer, n.
cmpium, an escape, flight, fr. ex cappa, (to slip) out
of one's cape.] —
Escapade', -pad, n. Fling, or Dack-
ward kick of ahorse; an unconscious impropriety
of speech or behavior; a mischievous freak. [OF.;
fr. It. scappata.'] —
Escape'ment, n. Act
of escaping; the contrivance in a time-
piece which connects the wheel-work
with the pendulum or the balance,
keeping the latter in vibration, — so
called because a tooth escapes from a
pallet at each vibration.
Escarp, es-karp', n. (Fort.) Anything
high and precipitous, as the side of the
ditch next the parapet. r. t. —[es-
carped (-karpt'), -carping.] (Mil.)
To make into, or furnish with, a steep
slope. [F. escarpe. See Scarp.] Es- — A
carp'ment, n. Asteep declivity.
Eschalot, esh-a-lof, n. (Bot.) A
species of small
onion or garlic. [F. escalotte, e'chalotte, L. cepa As-
calonia, orig. brought fr. Ascalon, in Palestine.]
Eschar, es'kar, n. (Surg.) A dry slough, crust, or
scab. [F. escarre, L. and Gr. eschara.] Escharot'-
family. [The 2 sides of an escutch-
eon are designated as dexter and
sinister, and the different parts by
the following names: A, dexter
chief point; B, middle chief point;
C, sinister chief point; D, honor or
collar point; E, fesse or heart point;
F, nombril or navel point; G, dex-
Escutcheon.
ter base point; H, middle base point;
—I, sinister base point.] (Naut.) Part of a vessel's
stern on which her name is written. (Carp.) A
plate finishing a key-hole. [OF. escusson. It. scud-
one, fr. scudo, L. scutum, a shield. See Esquire.]
which food and drink pass to the stomach; gullet.
[L. oesophagus, Gr. oisophagos, lit. food carrier, fr.
oiso (f ut. of pherein, to carry) and phagein, to eat.]
stood by, the initiated alone; private, said of doc- —
trines of philosophers, ODp. to exoteric. (Pathol.)—
Resulting from internal physiological causes. [Gr.
esoterikos, fr. esoteros, inner, fr. eso (adv.), within,
fr. es, eis (prep.), into.]
row of trees trained to a A
lattice, and sheltering plants; lattice-work to train
fruit-trees and shrubs on. [F.; OF. espallusr. It.
spalliera, espalier, also back of a chair, fr. spalla,
shoulder, back, L. spatula. See Epaulet.]
Esparto, es-par'to, n. kind of Spanish rush or A
grass, from which cordage, baskets, paper, etc., are
made. [Sp. and Pg., L. spartum, Gr. sparton, Span-
ish broom, mat-weed.]
Especial, es-pesh'al, a. Distinguished among others
of the same kind; peculiar; particular; principal;
chief. [OF.; L. specialis, fr. species, a particular
kind.] Espe'cially, adv. —
Espial, Espionage. See under Espy.
splanade, es-pla-nad', n. (Fort.) The sloping of
Esplanade,
the parapet of the covered way toward the country
clear space between a citadel and the town. (Hort.)
grass-plat. Any clear space for public drives.
[OF., fr. esplaner, to level; It. spianata, fr. spianare,
fr. L. explanare, to flatten out. See Explain.]
pouse, es-powz', v. t. [-poused (-powzd'), -pous-
ing.] To give as spouse, affiance, unite by promise
of marriage or by marriage ceremony; to take as
— spouse, accept in marriage, wed to take up the ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, ftfot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 :;

ESPRIT 186 ETHER

cause of, adopt, embrace. [OF. espouser, fr. espouse,
— calculate. — n. An
approximate judgment as to
spouse, q. v.] Espous'er, re. —
Espous'al, n. Act amount, cost, etc. —
Estima'tion, re. Act of esti-
of, etc.; esp. in pi., betrothal or marriage ceremony; mating; opinion of the worth, etc., formed without
the taking upon one's self the care or advocacy of using precise data: favorable opinion; esteem; honor;
any thing or cause adoption. ; regard. [OF.] —
Es'tima'tive, -tiv, a. Inclined, or
Esprit, es-pre', re. Spirit; soul. [F.] —
E. de corps, able, to estimate. —
Es'tima'tor, -ter, n.
-de-k6r'. The prevailing spirit which binds men as Esthetics. See under ^Esthetic.
members of the same societv or profession. [F.] Estival, es'tY-val, a. Pert, to, or continuing through,
Espy, es-pi", v. t. [-pied (-pld'), -pying.] To catch
sight of, discern unexpectedly; to inspect narrowlv,
the summer. [L. sestivalis, fr. sestas, summer.] —
Estiva'tion, re. Act of passing the summer. (Bot.)
examine and keep watch upon, find out, descry, sp'v. Disposition of petals within the floral germ or bud.
— v. i. To look narrowly, look about. [OF.es/iter, Estop, es-top', v. t. [-topped (-topf), -ping.] (Law.)
Sp. espiar, It. spiare, fr. OHG. speho?i, G. spahen. To impede or bar, stop the progress of. [OF. estoper,
See Spy.]— Espi'al, w. Act of, etc. —
Espionage, f r. L. stupa. See Stop. J —
Estop'pel, n. conclu- A
es'pe-on-azh o?--ej,re. Practice or employment of sive admission, not to be controverted.
spies. [F., fr. OF. es/iion, It. spione, a spy.] Estovers, es-to'vgrz, re. pi. (Lav;.) Necessaries or
Esquimau, Eskimo, es'kt-mo, re. ; 2d. -maux, -moz. An supplies; an allowance to a person out of an estate,
Indian of tribes inhabiting arctic America and etc., for support. [OF. estover, estovoir, necessary,
Greenland. [Algonquin eskimantik, eater of raw need, also, to be necessary, fr. ester, L. stare, to
flesh.] —E. dog. A variety of dog, used among Es- stand, or perh. fr. L. studere, to strive after.]
quimau Indians for drawing sledges, etc. Estrade, es-trad', re. A
level and slightly raised place
Esquire, es-kwir', re. Orig., a shield-bearer or armor- in a room. [F., orig. a carpet, place covered with a
bearer, an attendant on a knight, now, prop., a title carpet, fr. L. stratum, bed-covering, pillow.]
of dignity next below a knight, and given in Eng. Estrange, es-trani', v. t. [-tranged (-tianid'), -tran-
to younger sons of noblemen, to officers of the king s ging.] To make strange, keep at a distance; to di-
courts and of the household, to counselors at law, vert from its original use or possessor, alienate; to
justices of the peace, sheriffs, and other gentlemen alienate the affections or confidence of. [OF. es-
in the U. S., the title is indiscriminately used in ad- tranger. See Strange.] —
Estrange 'ment, re. Act
dressing letters. —
V. t. [ESQUIRED (-kwird'), -QUIR- of, or state of being, etc.; alienation; removal.
ING.] To wait on, attend. [OF. esquier, escuyer, Estrapade, es-tra-pad r re. The action of a horse, when,
,

fr. EL. scutarius, shield-bearer, fr. L. scutum (OF. to throw his rider, he rises before, and kicks furi-
escut, escu, F. 4cu), a shield; s. rt. sky.'] ously with his hind legs. [F., fr. Prov. G. strap/en,
Essay, es-sa', v. t. [-sayed (-sad'), -saying.] To try, to draw, G. strajf', drawn tight.] J
attempt; to make experiment or trial of; to assay. — Estray, es-tra', re. {Law.) A
domestic animal, wan-
Es'say, re. A trial; attempt; endeavor; exertion. dering from its owner. [OF. estrayer, to stray, q. v.]
{Lit.) A composition shorter and less methodical Estreat, es-tref, re. (Laiv.) A true copy, duplicate,
than a formal treatise. [ME. assay, essay, OF. essai. or extract of an original writing.— v. t. {Eng. Law.)
fr. L. exagium, Gr. exagion, a weighing, fr. ex and To extract from the records of a court, and return
agein, to lead.] —
Es'sayist, re. A
writer of essays. to the court of exchequer to be prosecuted; to bring
Essence, es'sens, re. Formal or formative nature of into the exchequer, as a fine. [OF. estrait, fr. L. ex
a complex notion; constituent qualities of a thing; and trahere, tractum, to draw.]
materials common to a elass as disting. fr. the form Estrepement, es-trep'ment, n. {Law.) Destructive
of an individual or species; a purely spiritual being; waste, committed by a tenant, in lands, woods, or
the solution in spirits of wine of a volatile or essen- houses. [OF., fr. estreper, to damage, prob. fr. L.
tial oil; perfume; odor; scent. v. t. —
[essenced extirpare, to pluck up by the root.]
(-senst), -sencing.] To perfume, scent. [F. ; L. Estuary, est'u-a-rY, re. A narrow passage, as the mouth
essentia, fr. esse, Skr. as, to be.] —
Essen'tial, -shal, of a river, where the tide meets the current; an arm
a. Pert, to the essence; really existing; important of the sea; frith. [L. sestuarium, a creek.fr. sestuare,
in the highest degree; highly rectified; pure; un- to surge, foam, fr. sestus, heat, surge, tide; s. rt. Gr.
mixed. {Mus.) Necessary indispensable, ; said of — aithein, to glow, Skr. indh, to kindle. See Ether.]
tones constituting a chord, disting. fr. ornamental Etagere, et'a-zh&r', re. A
piece of furniture having
or accidental tones. {Med.) Idiopathic; independ- shelves, one above another. [F., fr. itage, a shelf,
ent of other disease. re. —
Constituent principle.— ,story, fr. Gr. stege, roof, fr. stegein, to cover.]
Essential character. {Nat. Hist.) The prominent Etat Major, a'ta-ma-zher'. {Mil.) The staff of an
characteristics disting. one genus, species, etc., from army, including all oflicers above the rank of colo-
another. —E. oil. A
volatile, inflammable oil, giv- nel; also, all adjutants, inspectors, quartermasters,
ing plants their characteristic odor. —
Essen'tial- commissaries, engineers, ordnance officers, paymas-
ness, -tiality, -shY-al'Y-tT, re. Quality of being, etc. ters, physicians, signal officers, judge-advocates
essential part. —
Essentially, adv. also, their non-commissioned assistants. [F. e'tat,
;

Establish, es-tab'lish, v. t. [-lished (-lisht), -lishing.] state, position, Li. status, and F. &
L. major, greater.]
To make stable or firm; to settle; to enact by au- Etcetera, -caetera, et-sefe-ra, contr. etc. and &c. Lit.
thority, ordain; to secure the reception of, uphold; (things); and so on,
and other —
used at the end of
— — a sentence, phrase, etc., to indicate that other things
to found, institute, as a colony, state, etc. to set ;

up in business, used reflexively. [OF. establir, L. are to be understood, or might be mentioned. [L.]
stabilire, fr. stabilis, firm, fr. stare, to stand.] Es- — Etch, ech, v. t. [etched (echt), etching.] To pro-
tab'lisher, re. — Establishment, re. Act of, or state duce (figures or designs) on metal, glass, etc., by
of being, etc.; thing established, as, a form of gov- lines eaten in by acid. —
v. i. To practice etching.
ernment; a permanent civil, military, or commer- [D. etsen, G. iitzen, to etch, prob. fr. MHG.
ezzen, G.
cial organization; a style of living, accustomed ex- E. ea«.]
essen, —
Etch'ing, re. Act, art, or practice of
pense, income, salary; permanent place of residence etching; impression taken from an etched plate.
or business. —
Establishment of the port. {Hydrog- Eternal, e-ter'nal, a. Without beginning or end of
raphy.) Data, obtained by observation, on which existence; always existing; everlasting; endless; im-
the tides are computed at a given port. mortal; continued without intermission; perpetual;
Estafet, -fette, es-ta-fef, re. One of a series of couri- ceaseless; immutable. re. —
That which is without
ers in relay. [F.; fr. OHG. stephan, to step, walk.] beginning or end; esp. the Deity; God. [OF. eter-
Estate, es-tat', n. Fixed condition of any thing or nel,L. seternalis, fr. seternvs, for asviternus, everlast-
person; rank; state; position; property; esp. prop- ing, fr. sevum, age.] —
Eter'nally, adv. "Without
erty in land; also, property of all Kinds which one beginning or end; perpetually. —
Eter'nity, -nY-tY,
leaves to be divided at his death; one of the ranks or re. Condition or quality of being, etc.; the condi-
classes of men constituting the 6tate. {Law.) The tion which begins at death. [F. eternitd, L. seterni-
interest which one has in lands, tenements, or other tas.~] —
Eter'nize, v. t. [-nized, (-nizd), -nizing.]
effects. [OF. estat, L. status. See State.] To make eternal or endless, perpetuate; to make
Esteem, es-tem / v. t. [-teemed (-ternd'), -teeming .
', forever famous, immortalize. [OF. eterniser.]
To set a value on, estimate, set a high value on, re- Etesian, e-te'zhan, a. Blowing at stated times of the
gard with respect or affection.— re. High value; year; stated; periodical; annual. [F e"tesien, L. ete-
great regard. [OF. estimer, L. sestimare or sestumare, sius, Gr. etesios, for a year, annual, fr. etos, a year.]
-matum, to value; Skr. ish, to desire; s. rt. ask.] Es'- — Ether, e'ther, re. {Physics.) A subtle fluid supposed
timable, -tY-ma-bl, a. Capable or worthy of, etc. to pervade all space, and to be the medium of trans-
K)F.] —Es'timableness, n. —
Es'timate, -mat, v. t. mitting light and heat. (Chem.) A
very light, vol-
To form an opinion of the value of, without actually atile, and inflammable fluid, produced by distilla-
measuring or weighing; to compute, appraise, rate, tion of alcohol with an acid. [L. sether, Gr. aither.

am, fac»e, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tSne, 6r i
 ETHIC
upper air, aithra, clear sky, fr. aitheinAo burn, glow.
See Estuary.] — Sulphuric ether. The druggist's
common ether, produced by distillation of alcohol
—
and sulphuric acid, the most valuable of anaesthet-
ics.— Ethe 'real, -re-al, a. Pert, to the ether, or to
regions beyond the earth or atmosphere celestial
consisting of ether; exceedingly light or airy; tenu-
ous. (Chem.) Of, or pert, to, ether. —
Ethe 'realize,
v. t. [-ized (-Izd). -izing.] To convert into, or sat-
urate with, ether; to render ethereal. —
E'therize, *-.
t. [-ized (-Izd), -izixo.j To convert into, or put
under the influence of, ether. —
E'theriza lion, n.
(Med.) Administration of ether by inhalation; state
of the system under its influence.
Ethic, -ical, ethlk-al, a. Pert, to manners or morals;
treating of moral feelings or duties; containing pre-
cepts of morality. [L. ethicus, Gr. ethikos, fr. ethos,
custom, moral nature s. rt. Goth, sidus, G. sitte,
; Eulogium, u-lo'jY-um, Eulogy, -jY, n. A
manner, custom, Skr. svadha, self-will, strength, fr.
sva, one's self, and dha, to set, place.] —Ethical da-
tive. (Gram.) Use of the dative (of a pronoun)
when the person referred to is affected by the action
described. — Ethnically, adv. According to ethics.
— Ethics, n. Science of human duty; body of rules
drawn from this science. — Ethol'ogy, n. Sci-
ence of ethics, also of character, and of customs
among different communities or in different stages
of civilization. [Gr. logos, discourse.] —
Eth'ologlc,
-ical, -lojlk-al, a. Treating of, or pert, to, etc.
Ethiop, elhY-op, -opian, -o'pT-an, n. A
native or in-
habitant of Ethiopia ; an African. —
Ethio'pian.
-oplc, a. Pert, or relating to, etc. n. —
The lan-
guage of Ethiopia.
Ethmoid, eth'moid, -moidal, -moid'al. a. (Anat.) Re-
sembling a sieve, —
said esp. of the bone of the nose,
through which the olfactory nerves pass. [Gr. eth-
mos, sieve, and eidos. form.]
Ethnic, eth'nik, -nical, a. Pert, to races ; based on
distinctions of race; heathen; pagan, —
opp. to Jew-
ish and Christian. [Gr. ethnikos, fr. ethnos, a nation.]
— Ethnog'raphy, -n, n. Description of races of men,
with their characteristics, manners, etc. [Gr. graph-
ein, to write.] —
Ethnographer, n. One versed in,
etc.— Ethnographic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Eth-
nol'ogy, -jl, n. Science of the division of into
races, their origin, relations, and differences. [Gr.
logos, discourse.] —
Ethnol'ogist, -jist, n. One versed
in, etc. —Ethnologic, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc.
Ethology, etc. See under Ethics.
Etiolate, e'ti-o-lat, v. i. To be whitened or blanched
by excluding sunlight, as plants. (Pathol.) To be-
come pale through disease or absence of light.
t. To blanch. [F. itioler, OF. estioler, to
slender, f r. G. stiel, stalk.] —
E'tiola'tion, n. Oper-
ation of blanching so as to render plants white, crisp,
and tender, by excluding light. (Pathology.) Pale-
ness from absence of light, or disease.
Etiology, e-tY-ol'o-jY, n. (Med.) Science of the causes
of disease. (Metaph.) Investigation of causes. (Biol.)
Investigation of causes as exhibited in living struc-
tures. [Gr. aitia, a cause, and logos, discourse.]
Etiquette, et-Y-kef, n. Observance of the proprieties
of rank and occasion; conventional decorum. [F.,
a label, ticket, note of introduction.]
Etui, a-twe', n. Aladies' reticule or work-box. [F.;
OF. estui, fr. OHG. stucha, G. stauche, a muff.]
Etymon, efl-mon, n. ; E. pi. -mons, -monz, Gr. pi.
-ma, -ma. An original form; primitive word; root.
[L. and Gr., neut. of Gr. etumos, true, eteos, true,
real; s. rt. AS. sodh, true. See Sooth.] EtymoK-
ogy, -jf, n. That part of philology which explains
187 EUTERPEAN
well, jrenius.J — Eude' monism, -izm, n.
and daimon.
That system of philosophy which founds moral ob-
upon its relation to happiness.
ligation
Eudiometer, u-dY-om'e-te'r, n. An instrument to as-
certain the purity of the air, or its
; quantity of oxygen. [Gr. eudia. fair
weather (fr. eudios, clear, fr. eu, good,
and Zeus, gen. Dios, Jove, ruler of the
air), and rnetron, measure.] Eudiom'—
etry, -trY, n. Art or practice of, etc.
Euhemerism, u-hein'er-izm, Evemerism,
e-vem'-, n. The system of mytholog-
ical interpretation of the Greek philos-
opher Euhemerus, or Evemerus, who
taught that the gods were mere men,
and the myths expansions of human
events.
speech or writing in commendation of
any one's character or services; enco-
mium; panegyric. [OF. euloge, LL. eu-
logium, Gr. eulogion, -gia, fr. eu, well, _ ,
-
and legem, to speak.] Eulogize, v. t. Eudiometer.
[-gized (-jizd), -GiziNG.] To speak or write in com-
-jT, —
mendation of; to praise. Eulogist, n. One who,
etc. —
Eulogistic, a. Pert, to, given to, or charac-
terized by, etc.; laudatory.
Eunomian, u-no'mY-an, a. (Eccl. Hist.) Pert, to the
heresy of Eunomius, bishop of Cyzicum, who con-
sidered Christ a created being, not of divine nature.
Eunuch, u'nuk, n. A castrated man, often employed
as a chamberlain in the East. [Gr. eunouchos, fr.
eune, a couch, and echein, to have in charge. J— Eu-
nuchism, -izm, n. State of being, etc.
Euosmite, u-oz'mlt, n. A fragrant fossil resin. [Gr.
eu, good, and osnie, odor.]
Eupatorium, u'pa-to'rY-um, n. A genus of plants, in-
cluding hemp, agrimony, boneset, thoroughwort or
Indian sage, etc. [Used medicinally by Eupator,
king of Pontus.]
Eupepsy, u-pep'sY, n. (Med.) Good digestion, opp. —
to clyspepsy. [Gr. eu and peptein, to digest, cook.] —
Eupeplic, a. Having good digestion; easy of, etc.
— Euphemism, u'fe-mizm, n. A a licate word or ex-
man pression used for one harsh or ludelicate. [Gr. eu-
phemismos, fr. eu and phemi, I speak.] —
Euphemis''-
tic, -tical, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. — Eu'phe-
mize, v. t. or i. [-mized (-mlzd), -mizing.J To ex-
press in delicate language, make use of euphemism.
Euphony, u'fo-nY, n. An agreeable sound, easy,
smooth enunciation of sounds. [Gr. euphonia, eu-
— v. phony, euphonos, sweet-voiced, fr. eu and phone,
become voice.] —Euphonic. -ical, -fonlk-al, Eupho'nious.
-fo'nY-us, a. Agreeable in sound. — Eu'phonism.
-fo-nizm, n. An agreeable sound or combination of
sounds ; euphony. —
Euphonlcon, n. A kind of
pianoforte. — Eupho'nium, -nY-um, n. A bass in-
strument of the sax-horn family.
Euphrasy, u'fra-sY, a. The plant eyebright, formerly
regarded as beneficial to the eyes. [Gr. euphrasia,
delight, fr. eu and phren, the mind, heart.]
Euphuism, u'fu-izm, n. (Rhet.) Affectation of ex-
cessive elegance and refinement of language, fr. —
Lyly's two performances, entitled, "Euphues, or the
Anatomy of Wit," and "Euphues and his England."
[Gr. euphues, graceful, fr. eu and phue, growth.] —
Eu'phuist, n. One who affects excessive elegance
of language. —
Euphuistlc. a. Pert, to the Euphu-
istsor to Euphuism.
— Euroclydon, u-roklY-don, n. A tempestuous easterly
wind in the Mediterranean a levanter. [Gr., fr.
;

the origin and derivation of words; that part of euros, the S. E. wind, and kludon, wave.]
grammar relating to changes in the forms of words. Eurasian, u-ra'shan, n. A child of one European and
[F. etymologie, L. and Gr. etymologia ; Gr. logos, dis- one Asiatic parent; one born in Asia of Europear
course.]— Et'ymologlcal, -lojlk-al, Pert, to et- parentage. [Contr. of Eur(opean) and Asian.)
ymology. —
Et'ymologlcally. adv. —a. Et'ymologl- European, u-ro-pe'an, a. Pert, to Europe or its in
con, n. An
etymological dictionary or manual. [Gr.] habitants. — n. A native or inhabitant of, etc.
— Etymol'ogist,-jist, n. One versed in, etc. Et- —
Eurythmy, u'rith-mY, n. (Fine Arts.) Just or har-
ymologize, -jlz.v. t. To give the etymology of.- monious proportion, or movement. (Med.) Regu-
v. i. To search into the origin of words, deduce larity of the pulse. [Gr. euruthmia, fr. eu and rhuth-
words from their roots. mos, rhythm, proportion.]
Eucharist, u'ka-rist, n. (Eccl.) The sacrament of Euscara, " us-kala, n. Native name of the Basque
the Lord's supper; communion. [L. and Gr. eucha- provinces and language. [Basque euske, sun, east
ristia, thanksgiving, fr. Gr. eu, well, and charts, and ara, manner.]
favor, chairein, to rejoice; s. rt. yearn.]— Eucha- Eustachian, u-sta'kY-an, a. (Anat.) Discovered by
ristlc, -ical, a. Pert, to, etc. Eustachius, an Italian physician. — E. tube. (Anat.)
Euchre, u'ker, n. A game at cards. — v. t. To defeat A slender air-passage from a cavity in the ear to the
one who has made the trump in playing euchre to back part of the mouth.— E. valve. (Anat.) A
;

defeat, outwit, foil. semilunar, membranous valve in the heart.

Eudaemonics, u-de-nionlks, n. (Moral Philos.) Sci- Euterpean, u-ter'pe-an, a. Pert, to Euterpe, the muse
ence of happiness. [Gr. eudaimon, happy, fr. eu. presiding over wind instruments; pert, to music.

sun, cube, full ; moon, cow. oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; ;

EUTHANASIA 188 EVOLVE

Euthanasia, u-tha-na'zi-a, Euthan'asy, -a-si, n. Easy
death. [Gr. euthanasia, fr. eu and thanein, to die.]
Eutychian, u-x/k'T-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) follower of
Eutychius, who considered the divine and human
natures of Christto be but one nature a monophysite.
Evacuate, e-vak'u-at, v. t. To make empty; to re-
;
Event'fol, -ful, a. Full of, or distinguished fo*,
etc. —Event'ual, -u-al, a. Happening as a conse-
A quence or result; consequential; terminating; ulti-
mate. — Eventually, adv. Eventuality, -I-tl, n. —
(Fhren.) Disposition to take cognizance of events.

See Phrenology. —
Eventuate, v. i. To issue, as
move, eject, void, discharge; to withdraw from or a consequence or event, terminate.
desert (a city, fort, etc.); to make void, nullify, va- Ever, ev'gr, adv. At any time; at all times; always;
cate. [L. evacuare, -atum, fr. e and vacuus, empty.] continually; without cessation or interruption; to
— Evacua'tion, n. Act of, etc. ; thing evacuated or the end. [Contr. E'er, ar.l [AS. aefre ; s. rt. AS.
discharged; esp. a discharge by stool or other nat- awa, Goth, aiw, ever, Goth, aiws, L. sevum, Gr.
ural means. —
Evac'ua'tive, -tiv, a. Serving or —
awn, life.] Ever and anon. At one time and an-
tending to evacuate; cathartic; purgative. Evac'- — other. —
For e. Eternally. For e. and a day. Ev- —
uant, a. Evacuative.— n. {Med.) purgative or A erlastingly forever.
; —
EVerglade, n. Low land
cathartic^ —
Evac'ua'tor, -ter, n. covered with shallow water and a growth of high
Evade, e-vad',
elude, escape. v.
v.
—
t.
i.
To get away from by artifice,
To escape, slip away, attempt
grass. —
green, a. Always green; verdant through-
out the year. —
n. A plant which, etc. lasting, —
to escape. [F. evader, L. evadere, -vasum, fr. e and a. Lasting or enduring forever; immortal; eternal;
vadere, to go.] —
Eva'sion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc.; continuing indefinitely. —
n. Eternal duration, past
esp. of eluding an accusation, interrogation, etc. and future; eternal; a woolen material for shoes,
subterfuge prevarication ; equivocation. — ;

etc. (Bot.) A plant, whose flowers dry without los-

——
shift ; ;

Eva'sive, -siv, a. Tending to evade ; marked by ing their form or color. A game at cards. last'-
—
,

evasion. Eva'sively, adv. ingly, adv. Perpetually; continually. living, a.

Evagation, ev-a-ga'shun, n. Act of wandering; ex- Living without end; eternal continual; incessant.
cursion. [L. evagatio, fr. e and vagari, to wander.]
Evanescent, ev-a-nes'sent, a. Vanishing ; fleeting ;
— more', adv. During eternity; always; for an
indefinite future period. Ev'ery, -Y, a. The sep- —
;

imperceptible. [L. evanescens, p. pr. of evanescere, arate individuals which constitute a whole, regard-
fr. e and vanescere, to vanish, fr. vanus, empty, ed one by one. [AS. sefre and aslc, Scot, ilk, each.]
vain.] —
Evanes'cence, -sens, n. Act, state, or qual- — Every now and then. Repeatedly often fre- ;

—
;

ity of, etc.

Evangel, e-van'jel,
eu. well,
n. Good news; the gospel. [Gr.
and anggelia, tidings, fr. anggelos, messen-
quently.
;
Ev'ery-day, a. Used or fit for every
day common ; usual ; customary. where, adv.
In every place; in all places. [Not fr. E. where, but
—
ger.]— Evangelic, -ical, a. Contained in, or pert, fr. ME. ihwar, ywhere, AS. gehwser, everywhere,
to, the 4 Gospels; pert, to, consonant with, or con- fr. ge- and hwser, where.]
tained in, the gospel; earnest for the truth taught Evict, Eviction. See under Evince.
in the gospel technically applied to a party in some
; Evident, ev'I-dent, a. Clear to the vision; esp. clear
Protestant churches. —
Evangelically, adv.— Evan- to the understanding plain ; obvious notorious.
fel'icism, -T-sizm, n. Evangelical principles. — ;

[OF.; L. evidens, p. pr. of evidere, to see clearly, fr.

;

Ivan'gelist, n. One of the writers of the gospel his- e and videre, to see.] Ev' idently, adv. —
Evi- —
tory; one authorized to preach, but not to adminis- dence, -dens, n. That which makes manifest; ground
ter the eucharist; a preacher without fixed charge; of belief conclusive testimony ; one who makes
a revivalist. [OF. evangeliste, L. evangelista, Gr.
;

evident; a witness. (Law.) Means of proof v.t. . —

euanggelistes.] —
Evan'gelize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -iz- [-denced (-denst), -dencing.] To render evident
ING.] To preach thegospel to, convert to a belief of or clear; to prove, evince. State's evidence. An —
the gospel. —
v. i. To preach the gospel.— Evan- accomplice in crime, admitted as evidence for the
gelism, -izm, «. Preaching or promulgation of, etc. fovernment. —
Evidential, -shal, a. Relating to, or
Evanish, e-vanlsh, v. i. To vanish. urnishing, evidence; clearly proving.
Evaporate, e-vap'o-rat, v. i. To pass off in vapor, as Evil, e'vl, a. Having bad natural or moral qualities;
a fluid; to be dissipated, be wasted. v. t. To dis- — producing sorrow, distress, injury, or calamity
sipate in vapor or fumes. a. Dispersed in vapors. — mischievous; wicked; bad. n. That which pro- —
[F. evaporer, L. evaporare, -atum, fr. e and vapor. duces unhappiness or suffering moral badness ; ;

See Vapor.] —
Evap'orable, a. EvajJ'ora'tion, n. — malady or disease, esp. in the phrase king's evil, the
Act or process of turning into, or passing off in, va- scrofula.— adv. In an evil manner; ill. [AS. yfel,
por; transformation of part of a fluid into vapor, to D. euvel, OHG. upU, MHG. ubel, Goth, uoils ; s. rt.
concentrate fixed matters contained in it in a state E. ill, Gr. hubris, insult.]— The evil one. The Devil.
of greater consistence. Evap'ora'tive, -tiv, a. — — E'vil-eye, n. A supposed power of fascinating,
Pert, to, or producing, etc. bewitching, or injuring, by the eyes. -eyed, -id, —
Evasion, Evasive, etc. See under Evade. a. Possessed of, etc. also, looking with envy, jeal-
Eve, ev, Even, e'vn, n. Latter part or close of the
day; evening; the evening preceding some particu-
ousy, etc. —
or intentions disposed to mischief or sin
;

mind'ed, a. Having evil dispositions

lar day, as Christmas eve is the evening before

Christmas: period just preceding some event. [AS.
cious. — ;

speak'ing, n. Slander; defamation.

mali-

Evince, e-vins'', v. t. [evinced (-vinsf), evincing.)

;

sefen, efen, OS. avand, Ic. a/tan, Sw. a/ton, MHG. Lit., to conquer completely; to prove beyond rea-
abent, evening; Skr. apara, posterior; s. rt. after; sonable doubt, make evident. [L. evincere, evictum,
not s. rt. even, adj.]
service in church'.
—
——
E'ven-song, n. The evening
tide, n. The time of evening.
E'vening, n. Latter part of the day and begin-
to overcome, fr. e and vincere, to conquer.]
cible, a.
— Evincive, -siv, a.
Tending to, etc.
Evin'-
Capable of being proved; demonstrable.
Evict', v. U —
—

ning of night or darkness; latter portion or declin- (Law.) To dispossess by legal process. — EvicHon,
ing period (of life, etc.). [AS. sefnung.) n. Act of, etc.
Evection, e-vek'shun, n. {Astron.) An inequality of Eviscerate, e-vis'ser-at. v
t. To take out the entrails
the moons motion in its orbit; libration of the of, disembowel, gut. [L. eviscerare, -atum, fr. e and
moon. [L. evectio, fr. e and vehere, vectum, to carry.] viscera, bowels.] —
Evis'ceralion, n. Act of, etc.
Evemerism. See Euhemerism. Evitable, eVT-ta-bl, a. Capable of being shunned;
Even, e'vn, a. Level, smooth, or equal in surface; avoidable. and vitare, to shun.]
[L. evitabilis, fr. e
not rough; uniform in motion or action; equable; Evoke, e-vok', [evoked (-vokf), evoking.] To
v. t.
not easily disturbed; parallel on a level equally ; ; call out, summon forth.
[L. e and vocare, to call.]
balanced adjusted fair equitable, said of ac- — Evolve, e-volv', v. t. [evolved (-volvd'), evolving.]
To unfold or unroll, develop; to throw out, emit. —
; ; ;

counts, bargains, etc.; not odd; capable of division

—
by 2, said of numbers. v. t. [evened (e'vnd), — v. i. To become open, disclosed, or developed. [L.

m
evening.] To make even
or level; to balance; to evolvere, evolutum, to unroll, fr. e and volvere, to
balance accounts. —
adv. In an equal or precisely roll.] —
Evolute, eVo-lut, n. ( Oeom.) A curve from
similar manner: equally; at the very time; so much which another curve, called the ,

as; as was not to be expected. [AS. efen, efn, emn, involute or evolvent, is described \6 f 7Sf
D. even, Ic. jafn, G. eben, equal, level.] E'venly, — by the end of a thread gradual-
adv. — E'venness, n. —
E'ven-hand'ed, a. Fair; im- ly wound upon the former, or
partial. — -mind'ed, a. Calm; equable. unwound from it. Evolu'tion, —
Evening. See under Eve. n. Act of unfolding or unrol-
Event, e-venf, n. That which falls out; any inci- ling; in the process of growth,
dent consequence of anything occurrence ad-
; ; ; development; a series of things
venture ; issue rosult ; end. [L. eventus, p. p. of unrolled or unfolded. (Geom.) ARC
;

evenire, to happen, fr. e and venire, to come.] — Formation of an involute by un-

Evolute.

km, f5me, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Tn, ice ; 5dd, tone, dr
 EVULSION 189 EXCHANGE
winding a thread from another curve as an evolute. gratia, -gra'shT-a, contr. e. g. Lit., for the sake of
{Arith. & Alg.) Extraction of roots. {Mil. & Naval.) example ; for instance. [L7]
A prescribed movement of a body of troops, vessel, Exanimate, egz-an'l-mat, a. Destitute of life; inan-
or fleet. {Physiol.) That, theory of generation in imate dead destitute of animation
; spiritless.
; ;

which the germ is held to preexist in the parent, [L. exanimare, -matum, to deprive of life or spirit,
and its parts to be developed, but not actually fr. ex and anima, breath, spirit.]
formed, by the procreative acts. {Biology.) History Exanthema, egs-an-the'ma. n.; pi. -them'ata, -ta.
of the steps by which any living being has acquired {Med.) An efflorescence or redness of the skin an ;

its distinguishing morphological and physiological
characteristics. (Metaph.) Series of changes under
natural law, involving continuous progress from the
homogeneous to the heterogeneous in structure, and
from the single and simple to the diverse and mani-
fold in quality or function. Evolutionary, -rt, a.
Pert, to evolution. —
Evolu'tionist, n. One skilled
in evolutions; one who holds the physiological or
metaphysical doctrine of, etc.
Evulsion, e-vuKshun, n. Act of pulling out or back.
[L. cvulsio, fr. e and vellere, vvlsum, to pluck.]
eruption or breaking out,— esp. when attended with
fever. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. ex and anthem, to bloom,
blossom, f r. anthos, flower.]
Exarch, eks'ark, n. A
chief or leader; a viceroy; a su-
perior bishop; an inspector of the clergy under the
— Greek patriarch. [Gr. exarchos, fr. ex and archein,
to begin, rule.]
Exasperate, egz-as'per-at, v. t. To irritate in a high
degree, aggravate, imbitter, provoke, enrage. [L.
exasperate -atum. fr. ex and asper, rough, fierce.] —
Exas'peralion, n. Act of or state of being, etc.; ,

Ewe, u, n. A
female sheep. [AS. eowu, D. ooi, Ic. exacerbation, as of a disease.
ser, OHG. and Goth, awi, L. ovis, Gr. o'is, Skr. avi, Excavate, eks'ka-vat, v. t. To hollow out, form a
sheep, Skr. avis, devoted, attached.] cavity in, form by hollowing. [L. excavare, -vatum,
Ewer, u'er, n. A pitcher with a wide spout. [OF. f r. ex and cavus, hollow.] Excava/tion, n. Act of, —
ewer, aiguire, L. aquaria, fr. aqua (OF. aigue), water. etc. ; a hollow formed by removing the interior.
Exacerbate, egz- or eks-as'Sr-bat, v. t. To render {Engin.) An open cutting in the earth, disting. fr.
more violent or bitter; to irritate, exasperate. [L. covered cutting or tunnel. Excava'tor, -ter, n. —
exacerbare, -batum, fr. ex, out, and acerbus, harsh, Exceed, eks-sed^ v. t. To pass or go beyond to sur-
bitter.] — Exac'erba'tion, -beseence, -bes'ens, n. pass, excel, transcend, —v. i. To go too far, pass
;

Act of, or state of being, etc. {Med.) periodical A proper bounds: to be more or larger. [OF. exceder,
increase of violence in a disease. L. exceder e, -cessum, fr. ex and cede.re, to go.] Ex- —
Exact, egz-akf, a. Precisely agreeing with a stand- ceeding, -ingly, adv. In a very great degree un- ;

ard, a fact, or the truth accurate methodical ; ; ; usually; surpassingly; transcendently.— Excess'', n.
punctual marked by nicety or care proceeding
; ; State of surpassing or exceeding limits; superfluity;
from, or characterized by, exactness; correct; pre- undue indulgence of appetite; intemperance dis-
cise ;nice methodical.
; v. t. —
To demand or re- sipation ; that which exceeds what is usual or
;

quire authoritatively or of right; to extort. [OF. ex- proper degree or amount by which one thing or
;

acter, to exact, extort, also to weigh, measure, fr. number exceeds another remainder. Excessive, ;
—
L. exigere, -actum, to exact, lit. drive out, fr. ex and -iv, a. Marked by, etc. transgressing laws of mo-
agere, to drive.] —
Exacfer, -or, -er, n. One who rality, prudence, propriety, ete. extreme vehe-
;

exacts; an extortioner. Exaction, n. Authorita- — ment.— Excessively, adv.

; ;

tive demand; a driving to compliance; extortion; Excel, eks-sef, v. t. [-celled (-seld')j -celling.]
thing exacted; tribute. [OF.] Exactitude', -tud', — To exceed, surpass, esp. in good qualities or deeds.
». Exactness. —
Exactly, adv. Precisely; accurate- — v.i. To have good qualities in an unusual de-
ly; strictly. — Exactness, n. gree to surpass others. [OF. exceder, L. excellere.
Exaggerate, egz-aj'er-at, v. t. To increase or amplify;
;

See Celerity.] —
Excellence, -lens, n. State or
to neighten, esp. to represent as greater than truth quality of being excellent eminence a valuable ; :

or justice will warrant. {Paint) To heighten in quality a title of honor excellency superierity
; ;

—
; ;

coloring or design. [OF. exaggerer, L. exaggerare, worth; greatness. [OF.] Excellency, -sT, n. "Valu-
-alum, to heap up, amplify, fr. ex and agger, a able quality; excellence a title of honor given to
heap, fr. ad and gerere, to carry.] Exag'gera'tion, — dignitaries of a court or state, embassadors, etc.
;

—
n. Representation beyond truth; hyperbole. {Paint.) Ex'cellent, a. Excelling or surpassing others in
A representation of things beyond natural life, in virtue, dignity, attainments, etc. worthy choice ;
— ; ;

expression, vigor, etc. [OF.] Exaggeratory, -to- — select; transcendent. [OF.] Excellently, adv.
rt, -tive, -tiv, a. Containing, or tending to, etc. Except, eks-sepf, v. t. To leave out of any number
Exalt, egz-awlf, v. t. To elevate, lift up; to elevate specified, exclude. v. i. —
To take exception to, ob-
in rank, dignity, power, etc.; magnify, extol: to lift ject, —prep. With exclusion of leaving out; ex- ;

up with joy orsuccess, elate; to elevate the tone of, cepting; but.— conj. Unless; if not. [OF. excepter,
utter. (Chem.) To render pure or refined. [OF. L. exceptare, f r. excipere, -ceptum. fr. ex and capere,
exalter,\,. exaltare, fr. ex and altus, high.] Exal- — to take!] —
Excepting, prep. With rejection or ex-
tation, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. {CJiem.) ception of excluding except.
; Excep'tion, n. : —
Refinement or subtilization of bodies. [OF.] Act of, etc. thing excepted a person, thing, or
; ;

Examine, egz-amln, v. t. joined (-ind), -ining.] To case, specified as distinct, or not included. {Law.)
try and assay by appropriate tests; to inquire into An objection, oral or written, taken, as to bail or
and determine; to investigate the fact, reasons, or security or as to the decision of a judge, etc. An
claims of to consider the arguments for, or the objection dissent
;

cause of offense. [OF.] Ex- —

;

merits of; to try, as an offender; to test the attain-

;

ceptionable, a. Liable to, etc. objectionable.

;

;
—
ments of, as a scholar; to question, as a witness; to Exceptional, a. Forming an exception; exceptive;
prove by a moral standard, discuss, scrutinize, ex- better than the average of marked excellence ;
—
;

plore. [OF. examiner, L. examinare, fr. examen, eminently superior. Exceptive, -iv, a. Includ.
tongue of a balance, fr. exigere. See Exact.] Ex- — ing, making, or being an exception exceptional. ;
—
aminable, a. —
Exarn'ma'tion, n. Act of, or state Excepfor, -er, n. One who takes exceptions.
of being, etc. careful search, investigation, or in- Excerpt, eks'serpt, v. t. To make extracts from, or
;

quiry; process for testing qualification; research; an extract of to select, extract, cite or cite from.
;
—
inspection. [OF.] —
Examinee', -ne r n. One sub- n. An extract a passage selected from an author.
;

jected to, etc. —

Examiner, n. One who, etc., esp.
,

[L. excerpere, -cerptum, fr. ex and carpere, to pick,

one designated to conduct an examination. gather.]— Excerplion, n. Act of, etc. thing selected
—
;

Example, egz-am'pl, n. A
portion taken to show the or gleaned. Excerp'tor, -ter, n.
character of the whole; a sample; a pattern orcopy; Excess, Excessive. See under Exceed.
a warning; caution; precedent; an instance illus- Exchange. eks-chanj', v. t. [-changed (-chanjdO,
,

trating a rule or precept. [OF. L. exemplum, f r. ; ing.] To

-CHANGING.] TO give or take in return for some-
eximere, to take out (as a specimen), fr. ex and thing else; esp., in trade, to barter to part with for ;

emere, to take, buy; s. rt. exempt, ertsample, sample.] a substitute, interchange, commute, bargain, swap,
— Exem'plar, n. A
model, original, or pattern, to traffic. v. i.— To be changed or received in ex-
be imitated. [OF. exemplaire, L. exemplar, -plarium, change for; to pass in exchange. n. Act of giving —
fr. exemplum.7] —
Exem'plary, -rt, o. Serving as, or taking one thing in return for another, or of
etc. commendable conspicuous. Exem'plarily,
;
— giving and receiving reciprocally thing given for ;

—
;

-rt-lt, adv. Exemplify, -plY-fl, v. t. [-fied (-lid), something received. ( Com.) Process of settling ac-
-fying.] To show by example, copy, make an at- counts or debts between parties at a distance, with-
tested copy of, prove by an attested copy. [LL. ex- out intervention of money, by exchanging orders
emplificare, L. facere, to make.] Exem'plifica''- — or drafts, called bills of exchange. {Law.) mu- A
tion, n. Act of, or thing which, etc. Exem'pli — tual grant of equal interests, the one in considera-

sun, cQbe, fijll ; moos, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; — ;;;

EXCHEQUER 190 EXECUTE

tion of the other. Place where merchants and bank- cere, togrow.] —
ExcresSent, a. Growing out in a
ers of a city transact business, at certain hours, preternatural_or morbid manner.
— contr. into 'Change. [OF. eschange, exchange, es- Excrete, eks-kref, v. t. To discharge from the body
changer, to exchange. See Change.] Par of ex- — as useless; to eject. [L. excernere, -cretum, fr. ex and
change. Established value of the coin or standard cernere, to sift, separate.] Excre'tion, n. Act of —
of value of one country when expressed in the throwing off effete matter from the animal system ;
standard of another. Exchangeable, a.— Ex- — matter excreted excrement. [OF.] ExSretive, —
changeability, n. — Exchan'ger, n.
;

-tiv, a, Having the power of excreting, or promo-

Exchequer, eks-chek'er, n. In Eng., one of the supe- ting excretion. —
ExSretory, -to-rT, a. Having the
rior courts of law, —
so called from a checkered quality of, etc. n. —
(Anat.) duct or vessel that A
cloth, which covered the table. The treasury; pe- receives and excretes matter.— Ex'crement, n. Mat-
cuniary possessions in general. v. t. [excheq- — ter excreted and ejected, esp. alvine discharges
uered (-erd), -uering.] To institute a process in dung; ordure. [L. excrementum.'] Excrements!, a. —
the Court of Exchequer. [OF. eschequier, chess- Pert, to, or of the natureof, etc.; ejected from tne
—
:

board. See Check.]—- Exchequer bills. (Eng.) Bills bodyly as useless. ExcrementiSious, -tishlis, a
for money, or promissory bills, issued from the ex- Pert, to, or containing excrement.
chequer by authority of Parliament. Excruciate, eks-krooShT-at, v. t. To inflict most se-
Excise, eks-siz', n. An inland duty of the nature of vere pain upon; to torture, torment. [L. excruciare,
a direct tax on the consumer, also levied on li-— -atum, f r. ex and cruciare, to slay on the cross, fr.
censes to pursue certain trades, and deal in certain crux,crucis, cross.] —
Excru'cia'tion, n. Act of or
commodities. v. t. —
[excised (-slzd'), -cising.] state of being, etc.; that which, etc.; torture.
,

To lay an excise upon; to impose upon; overcharge. Exculpate, eks-kuKpat, v. t. To clear from the im-
[Corrup. of OD. aksiis, aksys, G. accise, excise, OF. putation of fault or guilt to exonerate, absolve, ;

assis, assessment, assise, xn assize (at which assess- justify. [L. ex and culpare, -atum, to blame, fr.
ments were made).] —
Excis'able, a. Liable or sub- culpa, fault.] —
Exculpa'tion, n. Act of, etc.— Ex-
ject to, etc. —
Excise'man, n. ; pi. -men. An officer cul'patory, -to-rT, a. Able to, etc. ; excusing; con-
charged with collecting excise. taining excuses. —
Excul'pable, a. Capable or de-
Excise, eks-siz'', v. t. To cut off ; to separate and re- serving of, etc.
move. [L. excidere -cisum, fr. ex and csedere, to Excursion, eks-kerShun, w. setting out from some A
cut.] — ;
Excision, -sizh'un, n. Act of, etc.; extir- point; an expedition a trip for pleasure or health ;
;

pation destruction.
; (Eccl.) Excommunication. tour; ramble jaunt a wandering from a subject
; j

(Surg.) Removal, esp. of small parts, with a cutting digression. [L. excursio, fr. excurrere, -eursum, to
instrument. run out, fr. ex and currere, to run.] — Excursionist,
Excite, eks-slf, v. t. To call to activity, awaken, n. One who, etc. — ExcurSive, -siv, a. Prone to
stimulate, irritate, provoke. (Med.) To increase make excursions wandering enterprising; explor-
—
; ;

the vital activity of the body, or of any of its parts. ing. —

Excursively, adv. ExcurSiveness, n. Dis-
[OF. exciter, L. excitare, -tatum, to call out, f r. ex and position to wander.— ExcurSus, n. dissertation A
ciere, to summon. See Cite.] Excite'ment, n. — or digression inserted in a work, and containing a
Act of, or state of being, etc.; agitation; that which full exposition of some topic. [L.]
excites. (Med.) A
state of exalted vital activity in Excuse, eks-kuz', [-cusED(-kuzdO,-cusiNG.] To
v. t.
the body or any of its parts. Excifer, —Excis- n— free from accusation, or imputation of blame to ;

ing, p. a. Calling or rousing into action; producing exculpate, absolve; to pardon, as a fault, regard with
excitement. —
Excit'able, a. Capable of being indulgence, overlook to free from an impending ;

roused into action.— Excitability, n. Quality of obligation or duty not to exact to ask pardon or
; ;

being, etc. (Med.) Irritabilitv. Excit'ant, n. — indulgence for. [OF. excuser, L. excusare, fr. ex
(Med.) A
stimulant. —
Excita'tion, n. Act of, etc. and causa, a charge. See Cause.] Excuse', -kus', —
(Med.) Act of producing excitement the excite- ; n. Act of excusing, apologizing, exculpating, par-
ment produced. —
Excit'ative, -tiv, -atory, to-rl, a. doning, releasing, etc. a plea offered in extenua- ;

Tending to excite containing excitement. tion of a fault; apology; that which extenuates or
;

Exclaim, eks-klam'', v. i. [-claimed (-klamd), -claim- justifies a fault. —

ExcusSr, -kuz'er, n. Excus'- —
ing.] To cry out from earnestness, passion, sur- able, -kHz'-, a. — ExcusSbleness, n. — ExcusSbly,
prise, etc.; to vociferate. fOF. exclamer, L. excla- adv. Pardonably. —
ExcusStory, a. Making ex-
mare, -matum, fr. ex and clamare, to cry. See cuse; apologetical.
Claim.]— Exclaim'er, n. —
Exclama'tion, n. Act Execrate, eks'e-krat, v. t. To denounce evil against
of. etc.; an uttered expression of surprise, joy, etc. imprecate evil upon to abhor, abominate, curse. ;

(Rhet.) A word expressing outcry; an interjection. [L. execrari or exsecrari, -cratum, fr. ex and sacer,
(Print.) A sign by which emphatic utterance or out- holy. See Sacred.] —
Execra'tion, n. Act of curs-
cry is marked, thus [!]. —
Exclam'ative, -tiv, -atory, ing; a curse pronounced; that which is execrated.—
-to-rY, a. Containing, expressing, or using, etc. ExScrable, a. Deserving, etc. detestable abom- ;

Exclude, eks-klud', v. t. To thrust out or eject to ; inable. —

ExScrably, adv.
;

hinder from entrance, debar from participation or Execute, eksS-kut, v. t. To follow through to th«
enjoyment. [L. excludere, -clusum, fr. ex and clau- end, carry into complete effect to render valid, as ;

dere, to shut.] —
Exclusion, -zhun, n. Act of, etc. by signing and sealing ; to give effect to, fulfill,
— Exclu'sionist, n. One who would exclude an- achieve, consummate ;'to inflict capital punishment
other from some privilege. —
Exclusive, -siv, -sory, on, put to death. (Mus.) To perform, as a piece of
-so-rT, a. Able to exclude; not taking into account. music, —v. i. To perform an office or duty; to play
— n. One of a coterie who exclude others an ex- on a musical instrument. [OF. executer, L. exsequi,
clusionist.— Exclusively, adv. ExcluSiveness, n. —
;

executus or exsecutvs, f r. ex and sequi, to follow.] —

Excogitate, eks-koj'T-tat, v. t. To think out, dis- ExScu'ter, n. —
Execu'tion, n. Act of executing ;
cover by thinking. [L. excogitare, -tatum, fr. ex and performance legal accomplishment ; a putting to
cogitare, to think.] —
Excogitation, /(. Act of de-
;

death as a legal penalty act or mode of performing ;

vising in the thoughts; contrivance; discovery. works of art, of performing on an instrument, en-
Excommunicate, eks-kom-mu'nT-kat, v. t. To ex- graving, etc. (Law.) A final process ; act of sign-
pel from communion, esp. of the church to pro- ; ing and sealing a legal instrument. Effect. [OF.] —
nounce an ecclesiastical sentence against. [L. ex- Execu'tioner, n. One who executes, esp. a judg-
communicare, -catum, to put out of a community. ment of death. —
Executive, egz-ek r u-tiv, a. De-
See Communicate, Common.] — a. Excommuni- signed or fitted for, qualifying for, or pert, to, etc. n.
cated. — n. One who is, etc.— Excommu r nicable, The officer (king, president, etc.) who superintends
a. Liable or deserving to be, etc. —
Excommu / nica r - the execution of laws. ExecSitor, -ter, n. One —
tion.w. (Eccl.) Act of, etc.; deprivation of church who executes or performs; person appointed by a
privileges. —
Excommu /'nica / tor, -ter, n. testator to execute his will, or to see it carried into
Excoriate, eks-ko'rY-at, v. t. To strip or wear off the effect, after his decease. [L.] Exec'utress, -utrix, —
skin of to abrade, gall. [L. excoriare, -atum, fr. n. A female executor. [F. exScutrice.] Execu- —
;

ex and corium, Gr. chorion, skin, hide.] Exco'ria'- — torship, n. Office of, etc. Executory, a. Per- —
tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. forming official duties executive. (Law.) De- ;

Excortication, eks-kor'tt-ka'shun, n. Act of strip- signed to be executed in future, or to take effect on

ping off bark. [L..ex and cortex, corticis, bark.] a future contingency. Exequi, eksS-kwY, n. ; pi. —
Excrement. See under Excrete. -Quies, -kwiz. The followingof a corpse; funeral
Excrescence, eks-kresSens, n. Any thing growing rite; ceremony of burial. [OF. exeques, L. exeqfiiie,
out unnaturally from anything else a troublesome ; exsequise, funeral obsequies.] Exequa'tur, -kwa'« —
superfluity. [OF. L. e.rcrescentia, fr. ex and cres-
; ter, n. The official recognition by which a consul is
&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 EXEGESIS 191 EXOTERIC
authorized to act by the government to which he is -atum, fr. ex and
hilaris, merry. See Hilarious.] —
accredited. [L., let him perform/] Exhilaration, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. ;
Exegesis, eks-e-je'sis, n. Exposition explanation; animation; cheerfulness; gayety. Exhil'arant, a. —
interpretation esp. critical interpretation of the
;
;

Exciting joy, mirth, etc. n. —

Holy Scriptures. [Gr., fr. ex and hegeisthai, to
guide, fr. agein, to lead.]— Ex'egete. -jet, n. One
skilled in exegesis.— Exeget/ical, -jetlk-al, a. Pert,
to, etc.; explanatory. ExegetlcB, n. sing. Science
of interpretation
Exemplar, Exemplify. See under Example.
;
That which, etc.
Exhort, egz-ort', v. t. To incite by words or advice, ad.
vise, warn, caution.— r. i. To deliver exhortation.
[OF. exhorter, L. exhortari, -tatum, fr. ex and hort ari,
— to urge.] —Exhortation, cks-, n. Act or practice of,
exegesis. etc.; language intended to incite and encourage;

counsel. —
Exhortative, egz-, -tory, a. Containing,
Exempt, egz-empf, v. t. To take out or from, grant or serving for, etc. hortatory.— Exhort'er, n.
;

immunity from, release. a. Taken out or re- — Exhume, eks-hum', v. t. [-humed (-humd'), -huming.]
moved liberated. n. One freed from duty one — To dig up, as from a grave, disinter. [L. ex and
humus, the ground.] — Exhumation, n. Act of, etc
; ;

not subject. [OF., fr. L. eximere, -emptum. See Ex-

ample.] —
Exemption, n. Act of, or state of being, Exigence, eks'f-jens, -gency, -jen-sY, n. State of be>
etc.; freedom from that to which others are subject; ing exigent urgent or exacting want
; distress ; ;

immunity; privilege. [OF.] emergency; necessity. [OF. exigence, fr. L. exigere,

Exequator, Exequy. See under Execute. to exact, q. v.] — Exigent, n.(Laiv.) judicial writ A
Exercise, eks'gr-siz, n. Act of exercising exertion ; ; made use of in the process of outlawry. a. Re- —
use act of putting in practice performance per-
; ; ; quiring immediate aid or action; pressing.
formance of a public office or ceremony, esp. of Exile, eksll, n. Forced separation from one's native
religious worship; exertion for the sake of training country proscription expulsion ;one banished
—
; ;

or improvement hygienic activity a disquisition; from his country, v. t. [exiled (-lid), -iling.]
lesson task that which gives practice a trial.
; ;
; ;

;
— To banish from one's country, drive away, trans-
v. t. [exercised (-slzd), -cising.] To set in action, port. [OF. exil, L. exilium, exsilium, banishment,
employ, school or train, busy; to exert for the sake exul, one banished, fr. ex and solum, soil, q. v.]
of improvement, improve by practice, discipline; to Exist, egz-ist', v. i. To be to have actual or real be-
;

occupy the attention and effort of; to task, tax, vex; ing, material or spiritual ; to occur manifest it- ;

to use, employ, —v. i. To take exercise; use action self ; to live, have life. [L. ex and sistere, to set,
or exertion. [OF. exercice, L. exercitium, exercise, place, fr. stare, to stand, q. v.] Existence, -ens, —
fr. exercere, to drive out or on, keep at work, fr. -ency,-en-sY, n. State of existing or being occur- ;

ex and arcere, to inclose, keep off.] Exerciser, n. — rence, as of events of any kind that which exists;
—
;

— Ex'ercis'able, -ible, a. Exer citation, n. Ex- — a being; creature. Exist'ent, a. Having being.
ercise; practice; use. Exit, ekslt, n. Departure of a player from the stage;
Exergue, egz-5rg/ n. The place on a coin or medal,
', any departure ; act of quitting the stage of action
for date, engraver's name, etc. [F., fr. Gr. ex and — or of life ; death ; decease way of departure ; pas-
;

ergon, work, i. e., out of the work, or main design.] sage out of a place. [L., lit. he goes out, f r. ex and
Exert, egz-Srt', v. t. To put forth, as strength, force, ire, to go.] —Ex'eunt, -e-unt. They go out. [L.] —
or ability ; to bring into active operation to do or ; Ex'eunt om nes, -nez. They all go out. [L.]
perform. [L. exerere or exserere, fr. ex and severe, Exode, eks'od, n. (Gr. Drama.) The catastrophe of
sertum, to join together.] To exert one's self. To — a play. (Rom. Antiq.) A
comic afterpiece. [Gr.
use efforts, strive.— Exer'tion, n. Act of, etc. effort. ; exodion, fr. exodos, a going out, fr. ex and hodos, a
Exfoliate, eks-foll-at, v. i. (Surg.) To separate and way, march.] —
Ex'odus, -o-dus, n. Departure from
come off in scales, as pieces of carious bone. (Min.) a place; esp. departure of the Israelites from Egypt
To become converted into scales at the surface. [L. under Moses; 2d book of the Old Testament, which
exfoliare, -atum, to strip of leaves, fr. ex and folium, relates this departure. [L. Gr. exodos.']
leaf.] —
Exfo lialion, n. Scaling off. Ex-official, eks'of-fish'al, a.
;

Proceeding from office

Exhale, egz-haK, v. t. [-haled (-hald /'), -haling.] or authority. [L. ex officio, by virtue of office.]
To emit, as vapor, send out, as an odor to cause to Exogen, eks'o-jen, n. (Bot.) A plant having a stem
be emitted in vapor, evaporate. v. i. To rise or — ;

of consecutive layers of wood and

be given off, as vapor. [F. exhaler, L. exhalare, a distinct bark, and increasing by
-atum, fr. ex and halare, to breathe.] ExhaKable, — the annual addition of a new layer
a. —ExhaKant, a. Having the quality of exhaling. of wood to the outside next to the
— Exhalation, n. Act or process of, etc. evapora- ; bark. [Gr. exo, outside, and genein,
tion that exhaled fume or steam
; effluvium. ; ; genesthai, to bring forth.] Exog- —
Exhaust, egz-awsr, v. t. To draw out or drain off enous, -oj'e-nus, a. Growing by
completely to empty by drawing out the contents;
; successive additions to the outside
to use, employ, or expend entirely, wear out, weary. of the wood, between that and the r.^ rio or
— a. Drained; exhausted having expended or lost bark.
Exogen. .
,

its energy. —
n. Foul air let out of a room by a reg-
;

Exonerate, egz-on'er-at, v. t. To relieve of (a charge,

ister, etc. [L. exhaurire, -haustum, f r. ex and hau- obligation, or load of blame) to absolve, acquit,
rire. to draw, esp. water.] Exhaust steam. (Steam — clear, discharge. [L. exonerare, -atum, fr. ex and
;

eng.) That allowed to escape from the cylinder onus, oneris, a Durden.] —
Exoneration, n. Act. of,
after having produced motion of the piston. ZJ. — or state of being, etc. —
Exonerative, -tiv, a. Free-
port, E. valve. Exit passages for exhaust steam. ing from a burden or obligation; tending to, etc.
— Exhaust'er, n.— Exhaustible, a. — Exhaustless, Exorbitant, egz-6r'bY-tant, a. Departing from an
a. — Exhaustive, a. Serving or tending etc. -iv, to, orbit or usual track deviating from the usual
complete; thorough. — Exhaustion, -chun, n. Act
;

course; excessive; extravagant; enormous; anoma-

of, or state of being, etc. ; state of being deprived of lous irregular. [OF. L. exorbitans, p. pr. of ex-
; ;

strength or spirits. orbitare, fr. ex and orbita, track of a wheel, f r. orbis,

Exheredation, egz-hSr'e-da'shun, n. (Law.) disin- A circle, wheel.] —
Exorbitantly, adv. Exorbitance, —
heriting, esp. the excluding a child from inheriting -tancy, -si, n. Enormity; extravagance.
any part of the father's estate. [L. exheredatio, fr. Exorcise, eks'or-siz, v. t. [-cised (-slzd), -cising.]
exheredare, -datum, fr. ex and heres, heredis, heir.] To drive away (an evil spirit) by adjuring by some
Exhibit, egz-iblt, v. t. To hold forth or present to holy name; to deliver from the influence of an evil
view; to show, display to present in a public or spirit. [LateL. exorcizare, Gr. exorkizein. fr. ex
official manner. (Med.) To administer as a remedy.
;

and orkos, an oath.] —

Ex , orcis / er, n. Ex'orcism, —
— n. Any paper produced as a voucher, or in proof -sizm, n. Act of exorcising; a form of prayer or in-
of facts. (Law.) A document proved in a cause, by cantation for this end. Ex'orcist, n. —One who
admission or by witness. Thing exhibited, esp. a pretends to expel evil spirits.
collection of articles placed on public exhibition. Exordium, egz-Sr'dY-um. n.; E. pi. -DIUMS, -dY-umz,
[L. exhibere, -hibitum, fr. ex and habere, to have or L- pi. -dia, -dY-a. Beginning of anything esp. in-
—
;

hold.] Exhibitor, n.— Exhibition, ekslii-bisb/un, troductory part of a discourse. [L., fr. exordiri, to
n. Act of exhibiting; manifestation: display; thing begin a web, fr. ex and ordiri, to begin.] Exor- —
displayed public show. (Med.) The act of ad- dial, a. Pert, to, etc. introductory.
;
;

ministering a remedy. [OF.] Exhibitioner, n. — Exosmose, eks'os-mos, Exosmo'sis, n. The outward

In Eng. universities, one who has a pension or al- passage of gases, vapors or liquids through mem-
lowance for support. Exhibltive, egz-, a. Serv- — branes or porous media. [Gr. exo, outside, and
ing for exhibition. osmos, a thrust, fr. othein, to push.]
Exhilarate, egz-il'a-rat, v. t. To make cheerful or Exoteric, -ical, eks-o-tSrlk-al, a. Public ; not secret
merry to enliven, gladden, cheer. [L. exhilarare,
; capable of being fully comprehended,— opp. to eso-

sun, cube, full; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get
 —

EXOTIC 192 EXPLOIT

ieric. [Gr. exoterikos, external, fr. exotero, compar. sum, to pay out, f r. ex and pendere, to weigh.] Ex- —
of exo, outward, fr. ex, out.]— Ex'oter'y, -ter'I, re. penditure, -chur, re. Act of, etc.; thing expended;
That which is obvious or common. expense. —Expense', -pens', re. Act of expending;
Exotic, egz-ot'ik, -ical, a. Introduced fr6m a foreign disbursement; outlay; that expended; cost; charge.
country; not native. —
Exot'k, re. Anything of for- [L. expensa.] —
Expen'sive, -siv, a. Occasioning ex-
eign origin, as a plant, word, custom, etc. [L. exot- pense; costly; lavish; extravagant. Expen'sively.—
icus, Gr. exotikos, foreign, fr. exo.] Exot'icism, — adv. — Expen'sivenesa, re.
-sizm, re. State of being exotic; anything foreign. Experience, eks-pe'rl-ens, re. Practical acquaintance
Expand, eks-pand', v. t. To lay open; to make larger, with any matter by personal observation or trial of
dilate, distend; to enlarge, extend, open. v. i. To — it; repeated trial of a matter; instruction so gained;
become opened, spread apart, dilated, or enlarged. trial; proof; experiment. v. t. —
[experienced
[L. expander e, -panswn, fr. ex and pandere, to spread (-enst), -encing.J To make practical acquaintance
out, open.] —Expanse', -pans', n. That? which is with; to have befall one. [OF.; L. experientia, proof,
expanded; wide extent of space or body; the firma- trial, fr. ex and (obs.) periri, peritus, to try.]— To
ment. — Expansible, a. Capable of being, etc.— experience religion. (Tfieol.) To become a convert
Expansibility, -tT, n. Capacity of, etc. Expan'- — to Christianity.— Expe'rienced, -rT-enst, p. a. Taught
Bion, -shun, n. Act of or condition of being, etc.;
, by experience, practice, or repeated observations.—
thing expanded; expanse; space; room. (Com.) In- Experien'tialism, -shal-izm, re. (Metaph.) Doctrine
crease of the circulation of bank notes. (Math.) De- that all ideas and knowledge are derived from indi-
veloped result of an indicated operation. (Steam vidual experience, —
opp. to intuitionalism. Ex- —
eng.) The operation of steam in a cylinder after its per'iment, -per'Y-ment, n. A trial deliberately in-
communication with the boiler has been cut off. — stituted; practical test; proof, v. i. —
To operate on
Expan'sive, -siv, a. Serving or tending, having ca- a body in order to discover some unknown fact, or
pacity or tendency, to expand.— Expan'siveness.re. illustrate a known one; to test by trial. [OF.; L. ex-
Ex parte, eks-par'te, a. On or from one side only. [L.] perimentum, an experiment.] —
Exper'iment'al, a.
Expatiate, eks-pa'shl-at, v. i. To move at large, wan- Pert, to, given to, or skilled in, founded, derived
der without restraint; to enlarge in discourse, des- from, or affording, experiment taught by, or de-
cant. —v.t. To cause or allow to roam abroad; to rived from, experience. —
;

Exper'iment'ally, adv. —
extend, diffuse. [L. expatiari or exspatiari, -atum, Exper'imenter, -iment'alist, w.— Expert', a. Taught
fr. ex. and spatian, to spread out, fr. spativm, space.] by use, practice, or experience; adroit; skillful.—
— Expa'tia'tion, n. Act of, etc. —
Expa'tia'tor, re. Expert, eks'nert or eks-pgrt'. re. One who is, etc.;
Expatriate, eks-pa'trT-at, v. t. To banish; to remove esp. a scientific or professional witness.— Expert'ry,
(one's self) from one's native country. [LL. expa- adv.— Expert 'ness, n.
triare,-atum, fr. L. ex and patria, fatherland, pater, Expiate, eks'pY-at, v. t. To make satisfaction or rep-
father.] —
Expa'tria'tion, n. Act of, or state of be- aration for; to atone for. [L. expiare, -atum, fr. ex
ing, etc- esp. the act of forsaking one's country.
: and piare, to propitiate, fr. pius, devout.] Ex'pi- —
Expect, eks-pekt', v. t. To wait for, await; to look able, a. Capable of being, etc. - Expia'tion, re. Act
forward to, anticipate, think, believe. [L. expectare, of, etc.; satisfaction; means by which atonement for
or exspectare, -tatum, to expect, fr. ex and spectare, crimes is made. — Ex'piator, -ter, — Ex'piatory,
to look a t, f r. specere, to look.] —
Expect 'able, a. — -to-rT, a. Having power to, etc.
re.

Expect'ance, -ancy, -an-sT, n. Act or state of, etc.;
thing expected. —
Expect'ant, a. Having an atti-
tude of expectation waiting; looking for; in medi-
; particles, exhale,
cine, waiting for the efforts of nature. n. One
—
who waits in expectation. Expecta'tion, re. Act
or state of expecting; state of being expected; thing
expected; ground of expecting; reason for anticipa-
ting future benefits; value of any prospect depend-
ing upon the happening of some uncertain event.
Expire, eks-plr', v. t. [-pired (-plrd'), -piring.] To
breathe out, emit from the lungs; to emit in minute
—
v. i. To emit the breath, esp. the
—
last breath; to die; to come to an end, terminate,
perish. [OF. expirer, L. expirare or exspirare, -ra-
—
tum, fr. ex and spirare, to breathe. See Spirit.]
Expira'tion, re. Act of expiring, as a breathing —
out of air from the lungs; emission of volatile mat-
ter; exhalation last emission of breath; death; ter-
;

(Med.) The leaving of a disease to the efforts of
nature to effect a cure. —
Expect'er, n.
Expectorate, eks-pek'to-rat, v. t. To discharge
(phlegm, etc.) by coughing, hawking, and spitting.
— v.u To discharge matter from the lungs or throat;
to spit. fL. expectorare, -atum, fr. ex and pectus,
pectoris, the breast.] —
Expec'tora'tion, re. Act of,
etc. matter expectorated.— Expec'torant, a. (Med.)
; Explain'er, re.
mination; end; matter breathed forth. Expi'ra- —
tory, -to-rT, a. Pert, to, or employed in, etc.
Explain, eks-plSn', v. t. [-plained (-pland'), -plain-
ing, j To make plain, manifest, or intelligible; to
expound, interpret, elucidate, clear up. v. i. To —
five explanation. [OF. explaner, L. explanare, -atum,
r. ex and planus, plain, q. v.] Explainable, a.— —
—
Explanation, re. Act of, etc. that ;

Tending to promote discharges from the lungs or
throat. — re. (Med.) A medicine which, etc. Ex-
pec'torative, -tiv, a. Expectorant.
Expedite, eks'pe-dit, v. t. To relieve of impediments,
quicken; to dispatch, issue officially. a. Free of
impediment; expeditious. [L. expedire, -ditum, to Expletive, eks'ple-tiv, a. Filling up; superfluous.—.
free the feet, make ready, fr. ex and pes, pedis, foot.]
— Ex'peditely, adv. Readily; speedily. Expe'-
dient, -dl-ent, a. Hastening forward tending to
further a proposed object; proper under the circum-
which makes clear; meaning attributed to anything
—
by one who expounds it; a mutual exposition or
meaning, to adjust a misunderstanding; definition;
interpretation; account.— Explan'atory, -plan'a-to-
— rt, a. Serving to explain; containing explanation.
n. A
word or syllable not necessary to the sense,
—
but inserted to fill a vacancy, or for ornament. [OF.
expletif, fr. L. explere, -pletum, fr. ex and plere, to
;

fill.] —
Ex'pletory, -to-rt, a. Serving to, etc.
stances; advisable; profitable; conducive, or tend- Explicate, eks'plT-kat, v. t. To unfold the meaning
ing to self-interest, or selfish ends. re. Suitable — of, explain, interpret. —a. Evolved; unfolded. [L.
—
means to accomplish an end; means employed in an explicare, -catum, f r. ex and plica, a fold.] Ex'.
exigency; shift; contrivance; resource; substitute. plicable, a. —
Explica'tion, re. Act of, etc. ; explan,
Expe'diently, adv. With expedience; suitably. ation; interpretation; sense given by an expositor.—
Expe'dience, -ency, -en-sT, re. State or quality of Ex'plica'tive, -tiv, -tory, -to-rt, a. Serving to, etc.
beins, etc.; desirableness; self-interest; self-seeking. —
Ex'plica'tor, -ter. n. An explainer. Explic'it, —
— Expedi'tion, -dish'un, n. Quality of being expe- -plis'it, a. Distinctly stated; clear; not obscure or
dite; efficient promptness; haste; quickness; an im- ambiguous; express; having no disguised meaning
portant enterprise or attempt at some distance; an or reservation. [L. explicitus, old p. p. of explicareT]
excursion for a valuable end; body of persons mak- Explicitly, adv. — Explic'itneBs, re. —
ing such an excursion. —
Expedi'tious, -dish'us, a. Explode, eks-pl5d', v. i. To burst with a loud report;
Possessed of, or characterized by, expedition to detonate. v. t. —
To cause to explode, touch off;
prompt; ready; quick; alert. —
Expeditiously, adv.
;

to drive out with violence and noise, as by powder;

— Expedi'tiousness, n. to bring into disrepute, and reject. [OF. exploder,
Expel, eks-pel', v. t. [-pelled (-peld'), -pelling.] To L. explodere, -plosum, to drive off the stage by clap-
drive or force out, eject; to drive from one's coun- ping, fr. ex and plaudere, to applaud, q. v.] Ex- —
try, banish. [L. ex and pettere, pulsum, to drive.] plod'er, re.— —
Explo'sion, -zhun, re. Act of explod-
Expel'lable, a. —
Expul'sion, -shun, re. Act of, or ing or detonating. (Steam eng.) The sudden and
state of being, etc. —
Expul'sive, -siv, a. Having violent shattering of a boiler by steam pressure,—
power, or serving to, etc. disting. f r. rupture ; a violent manifestation of feel-
Expend, eks-pend', v. t. To apply or employ in any ing, attended by an outburst in language, etc. —
way; to consume by use, dissipate, waste, v. i. To —
Explo'sive, -siv, a. Causing explosion.
be laid out, used, or consumed. [L. expendere, -pen- Exploit, eks-ploit', re. A deed or act; esp. a heroic

5m fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; in, Ice ; odd, tone, or (
 EXPLORE 193 EXTEND
act; feat. — v. i. to account; work (a mine,
To turn [L. expugnare, fr. ex and pugna, fight.] — Expug'na-
etc.)- [OF. esploit, revenue, profit, exploict, an ex- ble, -pug'- or -pun'a-bl, a. Capable of being ex-
ploit, act, F. exploiter, to work, manage, fr. L. expli- —
pugned or conquered. Expugner, -pun'er, n.
care. See Explicate.] —
Exploita'tion, n. Process Expulsion, Expulsive. See under Expel.
of winning ores and minerals from their natural Expunge, eks-punj', v. t. T-punged (-punjd'), -pun-
position, and rendering them available.^ ging.] To blot out, as with a pen; to strike out, wipe
Explore, eks-plor', v. t. [-plored (-plord'), -plor- out or destroy, efface, erase, cancel. [L. expungere,
Ing.] To search through, look into all parts of, ex- f r. ex and pungere, punctum, to prick not f r. sponge.]
—
;

amine thoroughly (esp. an unknown country). [OF.
explorer, L. explorare, -aturn, fr. ex and plorare, to
—
make to flow.] Explor'er, -plora'tor, -ter, n. One
who, etc. — Exploration, n. Act
Expoliation. Same as Spoliation.
Exponent, eks-po'nent, n. (Alg.) number or quan-A
tity on the right of and above another quantity, de-
noting how often the latter is repeated as a factor to
produce the power indicated. One who, or that
which, stands as an index or representative. [L. ex-
ponents, -entis, p. pr. of exponere. See Expose.] Ex-
ponential, -shal, a. Pert, to exponents; involving
variable exponents.
Export, eks-p6rt', v. t. To earry (wares, etc.) from a
country to other communities. [L. ex and portare,
-tatvm, to carry. See Port.] —
Ex'port, n. Act of
exporting; thing exported. —
Exportable, a. Ex-
portation, n. Act of, etc. ExporJ/er, n. —
Expose, eks-poz', v. t. [-posed (-pozd'), -posing.]
To place in a position to be seen; to lay forth to
view, as an opinion, etc.; to explain; to deprive of
cover or protection, lay open to attack or danger; to
deprive of concealment, as a thing that shuns pub-
licity; to divulge wrong practices of [OF. exposer,
fr. ex. and poser, Li.ponere, positum, to set, place.]
Expunc'tion, -punk'shun, n. Act of expunging
or erasing.
Expurgate, eks'per- or eks-pSr'gat, v. t. To purify
of, etc. from anything noxious, offensive, or erroneous; to
cleanse, purge. [L. exjmrgare. -gatum, fr. ex and
purgare, to purge.] — Expurga'tion, n. Act of, etc.
— Expurgator, eks'per- or eks-per'ga-tSr, n. One
who, etc. —
Expur'gatory, -to-rT, a. Serving to,
etc. — Expurgatory Index [L. Index Expurgatorixts.]
A catalogue of books forbidden by the Rom. Cath.
— church, as teaching things contrary to its creed.
Exquisite, eks'kwY-zit, a. Carefully selected; of sur-
passing excellence exceeding, extreme, keen,
; —
used in a bad sense; of accurate discrimination; not
easy to satisfy; nice; delicate; refined; perfect. n. —
One over-nice in dress or ornament; a fop, dandy.
— [L. exquisitus, p. p. of exquirere, fr. ex and quserere,
to seek.] —
Ex'quisitely, adv. —
Ex'quisiteneBB, n.
Exsanguious, eks-san'gwY-us, a. Destitute of blood,
as an animal or insect. [L. ex and sanguis, blood.]
Exsert', -Berted, eks-sert'ed, a. Standing out; pro-
jecting beyond other parts.
[L. exserere, -sertum. See Ex-
ert.] —Exsert'ile, -il, a. Ca-
.

— pable of being, etc.

To expose a child. To disown and abandon it. Ex- — Exsiccate, eks'sik- or eks-sik'-
pos^, -po-za', n. A
formal statement, recital, or ex- kat, v. t. To exhaust or evap-
position. [F., p. p. of exposer.] —
Expos'er, ». One orate moisture from; to dry.
—
who exposes. Exposition, -zish'un, n. Act of ex- [L. exsiccare, -catum, fr. ex
posing or laying open; a public exhibition or show; and siccus, dry.] Exsicca'-—
the act of expounding the sense of an author or pas- tion, n. Act or operation of,
sage; interpretation a work containing explana-
; or state of being, etc. Ex- —
tions, or the sense put upon a passage by an inter- sic'cative, -tiv, a. Tending,
preter. [OF.]— Expositive, -tiv, -itory, -to-rf, a. or having power to, etc.
Serving to explain; illustrative; exegetical.— Expos'- Exsic'cant, a. Drying, —n.
itor, -ter, n. One who, an interpreter. [L.]
etc.; (Med.) A drying medicine. —
Expos'ure, -po'zhar, Act of exposing; state of Extant, eks'tant, a. Standing
n.
being, etc.; position in regard to points of the com- out or above the surface; con-
pass, influences of climate, etc.— Expound', -pownd', tinuing to exist; in being; now
v. t. To explain; clear of obscurity; interpret. [OF. subsisting. [Late L. extans, _ " . .

espondre, fr. L. exponere.] Expound'er, n. — for L. exstans, -stantis, p. pr. Exserted Stamens,
Ex post facto, eks-post-fak'to. (Law.) Done after of exstare, to stand forth, exist, fr. ex and stare, to
the act to which it relates; from, or by, a thing done stand.]
afterward. [L.] —
Ex post facto law. law which A Extasy. See Ecstasy.
deals with acts done before its passage. Extempore, eks-tem'po-re, adv. Without previous
Expostulate, eks-p5st'u-lat, v. t. To reason earnestly study or meditation; without preparation: sudden-
with a person on some impropriety of conduct; to ly.— a. Without study extemporaneous. [L. ex
;

remonstrate. [L. expostulare, -latum, fr. ex and tempore, at the moment: temjiore, abl. of tempus,
—
postvlare, to ask, require.] Expost'ula'tor. -ter, n. time.] —
Extem'pora'neous.-ne-us, -tem'porary, -ri,
— Expost'ula'tion, n. Act of, etc. kindly protest. ; a. Proceeding irom the impulse of the moment;
— Expost'ulatory, -to-rT, a. Containing, etc. called forth by the occasion; unpremeditated; off-
Exposure, Expound. See under Expose. hand. —Extem'porize, v. i. [-rized (-nzd), -Riz-
Express, eks-pres', v. t. [-pressed (-presf), -press- ing.] To speak extempore; esp., to make an off-
ing.] To press or squeeze out: to imitate; to repre- —
hand address. v. t. To do in a hasty, unpremedi-
sent and exhibit (an opinion or feeling) by a look, tated manner. —
Extern 'poriz'er, n. Extem'pori- —
gesture, or esp. by language; to make known one's za'tion, n. Act of, etc.
opinions or feelings, —
used reflexively; to denote, Extend, eks-tend', v. t. To prolong, esp. in a single
designate to send by express messenger.
; a. Closely — direction, as a line; to protract; to enlarge, as a
resembling; directly stated; made unambiguous ; surface or volume; to expand; to widen, continue,
clear; plain; explicit; dispatched with special speed as time, lengthen; to hold out or reach forth; to be-
or directness. —
n. A messenger sent on a special stow on to offer. (Law.) To value, as lands taken
—
;

errand; a quick conveyance for packages, commis- by a writ of extent in satisfaction of a debt. ?', i.
sions, etc. [OF. expres, L. expressus, p. p. of expri- To be continued in length or breadth; to stretch,
rnere, to press out, fr. ex and primere, to press.] — reach. [OF. estendre, L. extendere, -tensum, fr. ex
Express'age, -ej, n. Charge for carrying a parcel and tendere, to stretch. See Tend.] Extend'er, n. —
by express. —
Expressible, a. Capable of being, — Extendible, a. Capable of being, etc. (Law.)
etc. — Expression, -presh'un, n. Act of expressing, Liable to be taken by a writ of extent and valued.
or forcing out by pressure; act of representing; dec- — Extendible, -Bile, -sil, a. Capable of being, etc. —
laration; utterance; lively or vivid representation of Extensibility, n. — Exten'sion, -shun, n. Act of,
sentiment, feeling, etc. look or appearance, as indic-
; or state of being, etc. (Physics Sf Metaph.) That
ative of thought or feeling; mode of speech, phrase. property of a body by which it occupies a portion
(Alg.) The representation of any quantity by ap- of space. (Com.) A
written engagement allowing
propriate characters or signs. [OF.] Expressive, — a debtor further time to pay a debt. [OF.] Exten- —
-iv, a. Serving to, etc.; indicative; full of expres- sion table. A table that can be extended in length
sion; significant. —
Expressively, adv. Express'- — by the sliding of parts of the frame. Exten'sion- —
iveness, n —
Expressly, adv. In an express, di- ist, n. One who favors extension. Extea'sive, -siv,—
rect, or pointed manner^ in direct terms; plainly. a. Having wide extent; expanded; wide. Exten'- —
Expropriate, eks-pro'prY-at, v. t. To put out of one's sively, adv. —
Exten'siveness, Exten'sor, n. n. —
possession, resign claim to; to deprive of. [F. expro- (Anat.) A muscle which extends or straightens any
pricr, fr. L. ex and proprius, one's own.] Expro'- — part of the body, as an arm or a finger. [L.] Ex- —
pria'tion, n. Act of giving up, or depriving of, tent', n. Space or degree to which a thing is ex-
property. [F.] tended; superficies; bulk; size; length. (Law.) In
Expugn, eks-pun', v. t. To conquer, take by assault. Eng., a peculiar species of execution upon debts

sun, cube, full : moon, f<36t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair get.
 1 ;

EXTENUATE 194 EYE

due to the crown in IT. S., a levy of an execution
; fuse in expenses; prodigal. [OF.; LL. extravagans,
upon real estate. fr. L. vagare, to wander.] Extravagantly, adv.— —
Extenuate, eks-ten'u-at, v. t. To draw out, as the Extrav'agance, -agancy, -gan-sY, n. Act of, or state
line of an army; to make thin or slender; to lessen; of being, etc.; wildness; excess; prodigality; waste;
to palliate as a crime; to lower or degrade, as repu- violence. —
Extrav'agan'za, -za n. musical com- A
tation or honor. v. i. —
To become thinner, be position, characterized by wild irregularity an ex-
t

drawn out. [L. extenuare, -atum, fr. ex and tenuis, travagant flight of sentiment or language. [It.]
;

—
thin.] —
Extenua'tion, n. Act of, etc. palliation Extrav'asate, -sat, v. t. To let out of the proper
(of a crime); mitigation (of punishment). Exten'-
;

— vessels, as blood. [L. vas, vessel.] Extrav'asa'- —

uator, -tSr, n. tion, n. Act of, etc. effusion.— Extra'neous, -ne-us,
;

Exterior, eks-telY-gr, a. External; pert, to that which a. Not belonging to, or dependent on not essen- ;

is external; on the outside; extrinsic; pert, to for- tial; foreign. [L. extraneus, a form of extra.] Ex- —
eign nations; foreign. —
n. Outward surface or part tra'neousiy, adv.
of a thing; external deportment, form, or ceremony. Extract, eks-trakf, v. t. To draw out; to remove
[L., compar. of exter, or extents, outward, foreign.] forcibly from a fixed position; to withdraw by dis-
— External, -ter'nal, a. Having relation to space; tillation, or other chemical process; to take by selec-
outward; exterior; from, or pert, to, the body, its tion. [L. ex and trahere, -tractum, to draw.] To —
appearance, functions, etc.; accidental; irrelevant; extract the root. (Math.) To ascertain the root of
foreign pert, to foreign nations. [L. externus, a a number or quantity.— Ex'tract, n. That which
;

—
form of extents.] Externally, adv. Externals, — is extracted or drawn out; a passage from a book;
-nalz, n. pi. "Whatever things are external or with- citation quotation anything drawn from a sub-
out outward parts. — Externality, n. Existence
; ;

stance by heat, solution, distillation, or chemical

;

in space; exteriority.— Exter nalism, -izm, n. (Met- process. —

Extract'able, -ible, a. Extraction, n. —
aph.) Doctrine which deals only with externals, Act of, etc. the stock from which one has descend-
;

or objects of sense-perception; positivism; phenom- ed lineage birth descent thing extracted; ex-
; ; ; ;

enalism. tract; essence. [OF.] Extractive, -iv, a. Capa- —

Exterminate, eks-ter'mT-nat, v. t. To drive from
within the limits or borders of; to put an end to the
power of, eradicate, extirpate. (Math.) To cause
to disappear, eliminate. [JL. exterminare, -natum,
fr. ex and terminus, boundary.] Extermination,
n. Act of, etc.; eradication; excision. (Math.) Elim-
ination. —
Exter mina'tor, -ter, n. Exter'' mina-
tory. -to-rT, a. Of or pert, to, etc.; tending to ex-
terminate.
Extinguish, eks-tin'gwish, v. i. [-ouished (-gwisht),
-guishing.] To smother, quench, destroy; to put
an end to; to obscure by superior splendor. [L. ex-
tinguere or exsti/iguere, -thictum, fr. ex and stinguere,
to quench.] —
Extin'guishable, a. Extin'-
ble of being, tending or serving to, etc.; capable of
furnishing extracts or products; productive. Ex- —
tractor, -er, n.
Extradite, ekslra-dlt, v. t. To deliver, under a treaty
— of extradition. [L. ex and tradere, -itum, to deliver.]
— Extradition, -dish'un, n. Delivery, by one state
— to another, of fugitives from justice, in pursuance
of a treaty.
Extreme, eks-trem'', a. At the utmost point, edge, or
border; outermost; furthest; last; final; conclusive;
the worst or best; most urgent; greatest; highest.
(Miis.) Extended or contracted as much as possible.
— n. The utmost point or verge; extremity; utmost
— limit or degree that is supposable or tolerable great ;

guisher, n. One who, or that which, etc.; necessity. [OF.; L. extremes, superl. of extents, out-
esp., a utensil to extinguish a candle or lamp. ward. See Exterior.] Extreme unction. (Rom. —
— Extinguishment, n. Act of, etc.; suppres- Cath. Church). The anointing of a dying person
sion; nullification. (Law.) The putting an with oil. —In the extreme. As much as possible.—
—
end to a right or estate by consolidation or
union. —
Extinct', -tinkt /', a. Extinguished;
put out; quenched; ended; closed. Ex-
tinc'tion, n. Act of, or state of being, etc. v ,
TOF Mti!
Su 3 "'
— I '
t
-
In extremis.
tremely, adv.
At the point of death. [L.]
Extremist, n. —
treme doctrines or practice; one who holds extreme
opinions. —
Ex-
supporter of ex-

Extremity, -trem r Y-tY, n. That at the

extreme; the utmost limit; verge; border; end; ut-
A

Extirpate, eksler- or eks-tSr'pat, v. t. To most point; highest degree of inconvenience, pain,

pull up by the roots, destroy totally, eradicate, ex-
pel. [L. extirpare or exstirpare, -patum, fr. ex and
stirps, stem, root.] Extirp'able, a. —
ExtirpaHon,
n. Eradication; total destruction. Ex'tirpator, n.
Extol, eks-tol', v. t. [-tolled (-told'), -tolling.] To
elevate by praise, eulogize, magnify, commend,
laud, glorify. [L. extollere, fr. ex and tollere, to lift,
— Extorter, n.
raise.]
Extort, eks-tSrt', v. t. To wrest or wring from, gain
—
by force, exact. v. i. To practice extortion. [L.
extorquere, -tortum, fr. ex and torquere, to turn
about, twist.]— —
Extort'er, n. Extor'sive, -siv, a.
Serving to, etc. — Extortion, n. Act of, etc.
or suffering; greatest need or peril.
Extricate, eks'trY-kat, v. t. To free from difficulties
— or perplexities; to cause to be emitted or evolved; to
— disentangle, disengage, set free. [L. extricare, -ca-
tum, f r. ex and tricx, hindrances, trifles.] Ex'tric- —
able, a. —
Extrica'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Extrinsic, eks-trin'sik, -sical, a. Not contained in
or belonging to a body; external; outward; unes-
sential. [OF. extrinseque, L. extrinsecus, fr. extrin
for extrim, fr. exter, outward (see Exterior), and
secus, by, beside.] Extrin'sically, adv.—
Extrude, eks-trood', v. t. To thrust out, urge, force,
illegal or press out, expel; to drive away. [L. ex and tru-
—
;

exaction; thing_extorted; oppression; rapacity.— dere, trusum, to thrust.] '810

Extru'sion, -zhun, n.
Extortionate, -at, -ary, -er-Y, a. Practicing, pert, Act of, etc.
to, characterized by, or implying, etc. Extor- — Exuberant, egz-u'ber-ant, a. Characterized by abun-
tioner, n. dance; overflowing; superfluous. [OF.; L. exuber-
Extra, eks'tra, a. Over and above; uncommon; ex- ans, -antis, p. pr. of exuberare, f r. ex and uberare, to
traordinary. n. —
Something in addition to what is be fruitful.fr. uber, an udder.] Exu'berance, -an- —
due or expected a special edition of a newspaper
; ; cy, -sY, n. State of being, etc. Exu'berantly, adv. —
a special train. [L., beyond, for extera (parte), on Exude, egz-ud r , v. t. To discharge through pores or
the outside extera is abl. fern, of exter. See Ex- incisions, as moisture, etc. v. i. To now from a —
terior.] — ;

Extra'dos, n. (A?-ch.) The exterior body through the pores, or by natural discharge.
curve of an arch. [F., fr. L. extra and F. dos, L. [L. exudare or exsudare, -datum, fr. ex and sudare,
dorsum, back.] —
Extradotal, a. Not belonging to to sweat, q. v.] —
Exuda'tion, n. Act of, etc. sub- ;

dower. [L. dotalis.] — Extraju'dl'cial, -dish'al, a. stance exuded.

Out of the proper court, or ordinary course of legal Exult, egz-ulf, v. i. To leap for joy, rejoice in tri-
procedure; not legally required. Extramun'dane, — umph. [L. exultare or exsultare, fr. exsitere, -sultum,
a. Beyond che limit of the material world, or rela- fr. ex and salere, to leap. See Salient.] Exult' —
ting to that which is so. Extramu'ral, a. With- — ant, a. Inclined to, etc. Exulta'tion, n. Act of, —
out or beyond the walls, as of a fortified city. [L. etc. triumph.
; Exultlngly, adv. —
mums, wall.] —
Extraordinary, -trdr'dY-na-rY, a. Exuviae, egz-u'vY-e, n. pi. Cast skins, shells, or cov
Beyond or out of the common order or method ex- ; erings of animals. (Geol.) Fossil animal remains
ceeding the common degree or measure remark- left in the strata of the earth. [!<., f r. exuere, to draw
able uncommon rare employed for an unusual ;
;

out or off, pull off.] Exu'vial, a. Pert to, etc. — —

;

or special object. n. —
;

That which is, etc. Ex- — Exu'viate, -at, v. t. To cast the skin, shell, etc.
traordinarily, adv. —
Extraprofes'sional, -fesh'- Eyas, i'as, n. A
young hawk just taken from the
un-al, a. Foreign to a profession. Extra-u'terine, — nest. [F. niais, fresh fr. the nest, fr. L. nidus, nest.]
-t§r-in, a. Out of the womb, said of pregnancy. — Ey, i, Eybt, i'ot or at, Ait, 5t, n. little island. [Ic. A
[L. uterus, womb.] —
Extrav'agant, a. Wandering ey, AS. ig.]
beyosd bounds; wild; excessive; unrestrained; pro- Eye, i, n. Th e organ of sight; power of seeing; view;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Odd, tone, dr
 EYE 195 FACILE
opinion; estimate; space commanded by the organ n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. Eye'- —
of eight; face; front; glass, n. A
glass to assist the sight; the eye-piece of
presence ;observa- a telescope, etc. —
Eyelash, n. The line of hairs
tion; watch; notice; that edges the eyelid: a single one of the hair6 on
look; aspect; a thing the edge of the eyelid.— Eye'let, n. small hole A
resembling the or- for a lace or cord, as in garments, sails, etc.; a metal
gan of sight, in form, ring or grommet to fit, etc. [F. oeillet, dim. of ceil.']
position, or appear- — Eyeleteer'', -er', n- A
sharp-pointed instrument
ance,— as, the hole in i for making eyelet-holes a stiletto. Eye'lid, n. —
—
;

a needle; a catch for The cover of the eye. Eye'sight, n. Vision; view;
a hook ; spot on a observation; relative power or capacity of seeing. —
feather, as of a pea- Eye'-piece, n. ( Opt.) The lens, or combination of
cock; bud or sprout lenses, at the eye-end of an optical instrument. —
of a plant or root;
center of a target.
>, optic nerve
Eye.
sc, selerotie or ex-
-serv'ant, n.
when watched.
A —
servant who attends to duty only
serv'ice, n. Service performed

—
;
(Jfaut.) Looped part only under the eye of an employer. sore, n. Some-
of a rope or stay. —
ternal coat of the eye ch, choroid
coat ; r, retina z, zonule of Zinn; ;
;
thing offensive to the sight. stone, n. A small,
V. t. [EYED (Td), EY- p, position of the Fetitian canal
calcareous stone, used for taking substances from
ING.] To fix the eye sch, position of canal of Schlemm ;
between the lid and ball of the eye.— -tooth, n. ; pi.
on, observe, esp. to t, iris, the opening in the center of -teeth. A tooth whose root is long, and points up
watch narrowly, or which forms the pupil c, cornea ; ; toward the eye the pointed canine or cuspidate
;

with fixed attention. m, Meibomian glands I, crystal- ;

tooth in the upper jaw next to the grinders. See
[AS. cage, D. oog, Ic.
line lens.
Tooth. wa'ter, n. A medicated lotion for the
auga, G. auge, F. oeil, L. oculus, dim. of old ocus, eyes. wit'ness. One who sees a thing done.—
OGr. okos, okkos, Skr. aksha.] To have an eye to. — Eyne, In, n. Obs. plural of eye.
To pay particular attention to. To keep an e. on. — Eyre, ar, n. A journey or circuit; a court of itinerant
—
To watch. To see with half an e. To see easily. — justices. [OF. eire, erre, oire, L. iter, fr. ire. Hum,
To set the eyes on.To have a sight of. Eyeless, n. — to go.] Justice in eyre. (O. Eng. Law.) An itiner-
Wanting eyes blind. —
Eye'ball, n. The ball, ant judge, who held courts in different counties..
;

globe, or anjile of the eye. Eye'bright, n. —

plant A Eyrie, -ry, a'rY, n. Place where birds of prey build
formerly u«tt for diseases of the eye. Eye'brow, — nests and hatch their young. [See Aibie.]

F.
formed
F, ef, the 6th letter of the English alphabet, is posite to, front upon, turn the front toward, con-
by the passage of breath between the lower lip and front; to cover in front. (Mach.) To make flat or
upper incisive teeth. Its figure is the same as that smooth the surface of. To adulterate (tea, etc.). —
of the Eolic digamma [F], to which it is related in v. i. To turn the face. [F. L. fades, face s. rt. ;

power. See Digamma. — (Mus.) F is the 4th tone

;

Gr. phainein, to appear, E. surface.]— To make a

of the gamut, or model scale. F sharp (F$) is a face. To distort the countenance. F. of a bastion. —
tone intermediate between F and G. (Mil.) The part between the salient and the shoul-
Fa, fa. (Mus.) A
syllable applied to the 4th tone of the der angle. —
F. of a gun. (Mil.) The surface of
gamut or model scale for purposes of solmization. metal at the muzzle. —
F. card. A playing card
Fabian, fa'M-an, a. Delaying dilatory avoiding ; : (king, queen, or knave) having a human face. F. —
battle, but harassing the enemy. [Fr. Quintus Fa- value. Apparent value. —
Fa'cer, n. One who faces;
bius Maximus Verrucosus, a Roman general.] a bold-faced person.— Farcing, n. A covering in front,
Fable, fa'bl, n. A
fictitious story intended to enforce for ornament, etc.— Fascial, -shal, a. Pert, to the face.
some useful truth an apologue plot of an epic or — Facial angle. (Anat.)
dramatic poem; fiction falsehood,
;

v. i.
; [fabled
;

— The angle formed by 2

(-bid), fabling.] To feign to write or speak fic- straight lines, one
—
;

tion. v. t. To feign, invent, tell of falsely. [F. ; drawn from the middle
L. fabula, a narrative, ir.fari, Gr. phemi, Skr. bhash, of the external entrance
to speak; s. rt. ban.] Fa'bler, n. — writer of fa- A of the ear to the base of
bles or fictions. —
Fabulize, fab r u-liz, v. t. [-lized the nose, and the other
(-Hzd), -lizing.] To invent or relate fables. Fab'- — from the prominent
ulist, n. One who, etc.— Fab'ulous, -lus, a. Feigned; center of the forehead
related to fable not real fictitious extravagant; ; to the most prominent
—
; ;

passing belief enormous. Fabulous age. Period Eart of the upper jaw-
;

in a nation's history described in legendary or myth- one. —

Fa'ciaUy, adv.
ological fables. —
Fab'ulously, adv. — Facet, fas'et, Facette,
Fabric, fab'rik, n. Structure of anything; workman- fa-set', n. A
little face;
ship texture make thing fabricated, as, frame-
; ; ; a small surface. [F.
work, edifice, building, manufactured cloth act or ; facette, dim. of face.]
purpose of building; construction. [F.fabrique, fr. Facetiae, f a-se'shT-e, n. pi.
Li.fabrica, workshop, art, fabric, fr. faber, fabris, a Witty or humorous
workman, fr. rt. _of facere, to make s. rt. forge.] ;
— writings or sayings; wit-
Fab'ricate, -rl-kat, v. t. To frame, construct, build; ticisms. [L., pi. of fa-
,

to form by art and labor to forge, devise falsely. cet ia, wit, fr. facetus,
[L. fabricari, -catus.] — ;

Fabrication, n. Act of, elegant, courteous; s. rt.

etc.; thing fabricated; a fiction; figment; falsehood. fades, face.] Face'- —
[F.] — Fabricator, -ter, n. tious, -shus, a. Given to
Facade, fa-sad', n. Face, front, front view or eleva- wit and good humor ;

tion, of an edifice. [F., fr. face, q. v.] merry; sportive; jocular;

Face, fas, n. The exterior form of anything ; esp., characterized by pleas-
the front part or surface one of the bounding antry —
Face'tiously, Facial Angles.
—
; .

planes of a solid. (Mach.) The principal dressed adv. Face'tiousness, n. European 2, African ; ;

surface of a plate, disk, or pulley, or flat surface of a Facile, fas'il, a. to 3, monkey.

part. Outside appearance surface show
that part of the head of an animal, esp. of man,
containing the eyes, nose, mouth, etc.
Easy
look ; ; ; be done, surmounted, or removed ; easy of access ;
courteous; affable; easily persuaded to good or bad;
visage ; pliant; flexible. [F. L. fadlis, lit. do-able, fr. fa-
—
; ;

countenance; cast of features; look; air; boldness; cere, to do.] Facilitate, v. t. To make easy or
shamelessness effrontery presence sight front
: ; less difficult. [F. faciliter. ] —
Facil'ita'tion, n. Act
— ; ;

mode of regard. v. t. [faced (fast), facing.] of, etc.— Facility, -U, n. Quality of being easily per-
To meet in front, oppose with firmness, stand op- formed ease
; ; readiness proceeding from s'
"
M\
sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; lir«eer or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 — ; ;;

PACING- 196 FAITH

use; dexterity ; easiness to be persuaded pliancy ; ; a duty to be performed, result to be secured, etc.;
ductility easiness of access ; complaisance ; what
; to miss; to be baffled or frustrated to become un- ;

promotes the ease of any action or course of con- able to meet one's engagements, become bankrupt
duct assistance. [F. facility, h.facilitas.]
; or insolvent. v. t. To be wanting to ; not to be
Facing. See under Face. sufficient for ; to disappoint. n. Failure defi- — ;

Fact, fakt, n. A
doing, making, or preparing thing ;
ciency lack want. [F.faillir, L. fallere, falsum,
; ;

done event reality truth statement of a thing

; ; ; ; to beguile, elude, pass, falli, to err, be baffled, Gr.
done or existing a thing supposed or asserted to ; sphallein, to cause to fall, trip, sphalma, a slip, AS.
be done act deed incident. [L. factum, thing
; ; ; seallan, OHG. saltan, to fall.] Without fail. Un- —
done, neut. p.p. of facere, to do; s. rt. fashion, fea- failingly unreservedly absolutely.
; Failing, n. ; —
ture, facile, affair, affect, artifice, office, perfect, etc.] The act of one who fails deficiency; imperfection;
— Fac'tion, -shun, n. party acting from selfish A lapse fault foible.
; Fail'ure, -ygr, n. Cessation
; —
;

motives against a government or established order of of supply, or total defect deficiency omission ; ;

things combination clique junto. [F. L. fac- non-performance defect from decay bankruptcy;
—
; ;

—
; ; ; ;

tio] Fac'tionist, n. One who promotes faction. suspension of payment. Fallacy, f aKla-st, n. De-
— Fac'tious, -shus. a. Given to faction prone to ;
ceptive or false appearance; deceitfulness, mistake;
Clamor against public measures or men pert, to, sophistry. (Logic.) An apparent argument, pro-
proceeding from, or indicating, faction. Face-
;

— fessing to decide the matter at issue, but not really

tiously, adv. Fac'tiousness, n. —
Facti'tious, — doing so. [F. fallace, L. fallacia. fr. fallax, decep-
-tish'us, a. Made by art, disting. fr. what is pro- — tive, ir. fallere.]— Fallacious, -shus, a. Embody-
duced by nature ; artificial unnatural. [L, facti- ; ing or pert, to a fallacy fitted to deceive. Falla'- —
— —
;

tious.'] Fac'tor, -ter, n. {Com.) An agent, esp., ciously, adv. Fallaciousness, n. Fal'lible, a. —
who buys and sells goods, and transacts business, Liable to mistake, to deceive, or to be deceived.
for others on commission. (Math.) One of the [TuL. fallibilis.] — Fal'libly, adv.— Fallibility, -TT-tr,
quantities which, when multiplied together, form a n. State of being, etc.
product. A
condition helping to produce some re- Fain, fan, o. Well-pleased; disposed; inclined; esp.,
sult. —
Factorage, -ej, n. Allowance given to a fac- content to accept. adv. With joy or pleasure ; —
tor, as compensation for services. Fac'torize, v. t. — gladly. [AS. fsegen, OS. fagan, Ic. feginn, glad.]
[-ized (-Izd), -izing.] (Law.) To attach (a debtor's Faineant, fa-na-oN', a. Doing nothing idle slug- ; ;

goods) in the hands of a third party to warn (a gish; shiftless.— n. An idler; loafer. [7T.,orig./m<-
garnishee) not to pay to a debtor to garnish. ;
;

— ne'ant, lit. he does nothing.]

Fac'tory, -rt, n. place where factors transact A Faint, fant, n. The act of fainting a swoon. a. ; —
business for employers; body of factors in any place; Lacking strength; weak; languid; wanting in cour-
building used for manufacturing goods a manufac- age, spirit, or energy timorous dejected lacking
tory. — Fac-simHe, -T-le, n. ; pi. -iles, -lez.
;

An distinctness hardly perceptible, done in a weak or

; ; ;

exact copy or reproduction. [Abbr. of L. factum feeble manner. v. i.

;

To become weak grow —

simile, made like. See Simile.] Facto'tum, n. ; pi. — feeble, swoon to lose courage, become depressed ;
;

-tums, -tumz. One employed to do all kinds of to decay, disappear, vanish. [OF. feint, p. p. of
work. [L. facere totum, to do all.] feindre, to feign, ME. feintise, famtness, cowardice ;
Faculty, fak'ul-tt, n. Ability to act or perform; esp., not s. rt. L. vanus.] Faint'ish, a. Somewhat —
original capacity for mental activity intellectual ; faint.— Faintly, adv. Faint'ness, n. State of be- —
endowment power privilege or permission li-
; ; ing, etc. loss of strength, color, self-consciousness,
;

cense a body of men to whom any specific priv-

;

and self-control. Faint'' -heart'ed, a. Wanting in —

;

ilege is granted ; in Europe, the graduates in any of courage dejected. Faint'-heart'edness, n.

;
— —
the 4 departments of a university or college (Philos- Faints, n. pi. Impure spirit which comes over first
ophy, Law, Medicine, and Theology); the members and last in distilling whiskey.
of a profession or calling the corps of professors ; Fair, far, a. Free from spots, imperfection, or hin-
and tutors in an American college. [F. Jaculte", L. drance unblemished pure pleasing to the eye \
; ; ;

facultas, contr. oifacilitas. See Facility, under beautiful; free from a dark hue of a light shade ;

Facile.] not overcast; cloudless; propitious; unincumbered;

Fad, fad, n. A hobby; crotchet; trifling pursuit. open characterized by frankness, honesty, impar,
;

Fade, fad, v. i. To perish gradually, wither to lose ;

tiality, candor inspiring hope and confidence dis<; ;

freshness, color, or brightness to sink away, grow tinct legible

; not distinguished or unusual mod ;

dim, vanish. —
v. t. To cause to wither, wear away.
;

erate; middling. adv. Fairly.— n. fair woman, — A

;

[F., tasteless, weak, faint, ~L.fatuus, foolish, insipid, pi. The female sex. [AS. fseger, Ic. fagr, Dan,
Proven, fatz, facia, foolish.]— Fadeless, a. Not li- feir.] —
Fair play. Equitable or impartial treat,
able to fade unfading. ment. —
To bid f. To he likely, have a fair pros,
;

Fadge, faj, v. i. [fadged (fajd), fadging.] To come pect, promise. F. and square. Justly ; honestly; —
close, as the parts of things united ; to fit. [AS. impartially. —Fairly, -It, adv. Clearly; openly;
fsegian, to fit, adorn, fseger, fair, q. v.] distinctly honestly pleasantly. — Fair'ness, n,
; ;

F»ce3, Faecal, etc. See Feces. State of being, etc. ; freedom from stains or imput
Faery, -ie, fa'Sr-T, a. or n. Same as Fairy. rity; honesty; candor; distinctness.— Fair'-spok/en,
Fag, fag, n. A
laborious drudge ; esp., a school-boy a. Bland; civil; courteous.
who does menial services for one of a higher class Fair, far, n. A
gathering of buyers and sellers, for ex»
in English schools. v. i. [fagged (fagd), -ging.]— hibition and sale of wares. [F. foire. OF. feire, L.
To act as a fag, drudge ; to become weary, tire. — feria, a holiday, later, a fair, pi. ferise (=fesise), feast
v. t. To treat as a fag, compel to drudge; to cause to days ; s. rt. feast, festal.] Fairing, n. present — A
labor diligently, tire by labor. [Prob. corrup. of given or purchased at a fair.
flag, to droop.] Fag'-end, n. —
end of poorer An Fairy, far'!, n. imaginary supernatural being or An
quality, or in a spoiled condition ; refuse part of spirit, in human
[OF. faerie, enchantment, form.
anything. foe, F.fe-e, Pg. fada, It. and LL./ata, a fairy, fay,
Fagot, f agy ut, n. A bundle of sticks, for fuel, or forTais- goddess of destiny, fr. L./atem, fate, q. v.] Fair- —
ing batteries, etc., in fortification a single stick ; a ies of romance. Beings of human race, with powers
bundle of pieces of iron or of steel in bars; one hired
;

beyond those of men. F. ring, or circle. A bare —

to take another's place at the muster of a company. circular path, or a ring of grass higher, greener, and
— v. t. To make a fagot of, tie together, bind in a sourer than the surrounding grass, vulgarly sup- —
bundle. [F.; It. fagotto, fangotto, bundle of sticks; posed to be caused by fairies in their dances. Fay, —
perh. fr. Ic. fanga, armful, it. fa, to fetch, grasp s. ; fa, n. A fairy; elf.
rt. fang.] Faith, fath, n. Belief; reliance on testimony; firm and
Fahrenheit, fa'ren-hit, a. Pert, to, or measured by, earnest belief, on probable evidence of any kind, esp.,
a thermometer having the zero of its scale at 32* as to moral truth. (Theol.) Loving belief in the
below the freezing-point of water and the boiling- Savior belief in the truthfulness and supernatural
;

point at 212° above. [Inventor's name.] origin of the Scriptures. That which is believed ; a
Faience, Fayence, ft'oNs, n. Glazed earthen ware, system of religious belief; esp. the system taught by
esp. colored pottery. [F., fr. Faenza, in Italy, L. Christ ; also, the creed of a Christian church ; strict
Faventia.] adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises; word
Fail, fal, v. i. [failed (fald), failing.] To be want- or honor pledged promise given. [OF. fei, feid, L. ;

ing, fall short, be lacking; to be affected with want; fides; s. rt. fidelity, affiance, confide, defy, perfidy,
to Decome diminished, decline, decay to fall off in ; etc.] —
Faith'ful, -fal, a. Full of faith ; disposed
vigor, activity, resources, etc. to become extinct, ; to believe, esp. in th'e declarations and promises of
perish, die to be wanting with respect to an effect,
;
God firm in adherence to promises, engagements,
;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare : end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Sdd. tone, dr
 FAKE 197 FAMILY
Or duty; loyal; conformable to truth: worthy of be- out. To quarrel; to happen, befall, chance. To f. —
lief trusty; honest; sincere; veracious. Faitb/- — over. To revolt; to fall beyond.— To f. short. To
;

fully, adv. —
Faitb/fulness, n. —
Faithless, a. Un-
|

I be deficient. — To f. to. To begin hastily and ea-

faithful; unbelieving; esp. not believing in G(dor gerly; to apply one's self to; to become the lot of.—
religion not
; observant of promises, allegiance, or To f. under. To come under, or within the limits
duty; disappointing; deluding. of; to become the subject of; to be ranged or reck-
—
:

fake, fak, n. (Naut.) A single turn or coil of a cable oned with. Fallen, fawln, p. a. Dropped: de-
or hawser, —
v. t. [faked (fakt), faking.] Tocjil, scended; degraded; decreased; ruined. Fall'ing- —
ready for use; to fold or tuck up. [Scot, faik, fold,
I

(Med) Epilepsy, a disease in which

sick'ness, n. —
stratum of stone, AS. faec, space, interval.] the patient suddenly loses his senses and falls down.
Fake, fak, v. t. To cheat, swindle, steal; to make, do; — Fell, v. t. [felled (ield), felling.] To cause to
—
I

to continue; to manipulate fraudulently, n. A fall, prostrate (trees, etc.) to turn or sew down
;

trick, swindle. [Perh. fr. L. facere, factum, to do, the edges of (seams). [AS. fellan, fr. feallan, D. veU
Ga.faigh, to get, reach.] len, fr. vallen, Ic. fella, ir. falla.] — FelKer, n.
Fakir, fa'kgr. Faquir, fa-ker', i. An Oriental relig- Fallacy, Fallible, etc. See under Fail.
ious' ascetic or begging monk. [Ar., a poor man.] Fallow, fallo, a. Left unfilled after having been
Falcate, fal'kat, -cated, a. Hooked or bent like a plowed for culture ; pale red or pale yellow. n. —
sickle or scythe. [L. falcatus, fr. fake, folds, a Land that has lain a year or more plowed without
6ickle, phalkes, rib of a ship, pholkos, bow-
Gr. being sowed; the tiUing of land, without sowing it
legged.]— Fal'ciform, -sY-f6rm, a. Sickle-shaped. for a season. v. I. [fallowed (-lod), -lowing.]
[L. forma, form.] —
Falchion, f awKchun or -shun, n. To plow, harrow, and break up (land), without
A short sword, with a curved point. [F fwichon, It. '. seeding. [AS. fealu,fealo, yellowish, D. vaal, OHG.
falcione, LL. faleio, -onis, fr. L. /ate.] Falcon, — valo, G. fahl, falb, faded, Ic. fob; L. jiallidus, pale,
faw'knjB. A
raptorial bird Gr. polios, Skr. palita, gray; s. rt. pale, —
unfilled
having a short, hooked beak, land appearing faded.] — Failowness, n. —
Fallow
powerful claws, and great deer. Aspecies of deer, yellowish in color, smaller
destructive power; esp., one than the stag, and domesticated in England. F.. —
of this family trained to the finch. A small bird; the fallow-chat; wheat-ear.
pursuit of other birds, or False, fawls, a. Uttering falsehood; given to deceit;
Jame. [OF. faulcon, LateL. dishonest; not faithful or loyal; treacherous; perfid-.
alco, -onis, fr. L. fair, fr. ious; not true; fitted to deceive o- disappoint; not
its hooked claws.] Fal'- — genuine or real; designed to deceive; counterfeit;
coner, -kn-er, n. One who not well founded; erroneous. (Mm.) Not in tune.
trains hawks for taking wild — adv. Falsely. [OF. /ate, L,.falsus, p. p. of fnllere,
fowl, or follows the sport to deceive. See Fail.] — False card. In whist, a
of fowling with hawks. — card played contrary to rule, and misleading one's
Fal'conry, -rt, n. Art of partner. —
F. imprisonment. (Luw.) Imprisonment
training hawks; practice of of a person without warrant, or contrary to law. —
taking game by means of F. keel. (Naut.) The timber below the main keel,
hawks. [OF. faulconnerie.'] to serve both as a defense and an aid in holding the
— Fal'conet, fal-, n. A wind. — Falsely, adv. In a false manner not
— —
;

small cannon anciently used. Head and foot of Fal-
[LL. falconeta, prob. a young con.
falcon.]
Faldstool, fawld'stool, n. A
portable seat, made to
fold up like a cami>-stool. (Eccl.) desk at which
the litany is sung or said. [LL. faldistolium, fr.
OHG. faldan, to fold, and stual, stool, seat, throne
(G.falten and stuhl) s. rt. fauteuil.]
; to violate, break by falsehood. (Law.) To prove
Fall, fawl, v. i. [imp. fell; p. p. fallen (fawln);
falling.] To descend to a lower position, drop
down, make a descent by the force of gravity alone;
to become suddenly prostrate; to empty; to cease to
live, perish, vanish; to lose strength; to be brought
forth; to decline in power, wealth, value, etc.; to be-
come degraded, sink into vice, error, or sin; to be-
come embarrassed, be entrapped ; to become de-
jected; to pass into a new state of body or mind; to
happen, come to pass; to rush or hurry; to pass by
chance, lot, inheritance, etc.; to be dropped or ut-
tered carelessly. —
v. t. To sink, depress. n. Act
of descending by gravity, or of dropping or tum-
bling; death; overthrow; ruin; degradation; dimi-
nution of price or value; a sinking of tone; cadence;
declivity; aslope; descent of water; cascade; cata-
ract; discharge of a river into ocean, lake, or pond;
extent of descent ; season when leaves fall
trees; autumn; that which falls; a falling; act of
felling or cutting down; lapse from innocence or
goodness, esp. the apostasy of our first parents.
(Naut.) That part of a tackle to which power is ap-
Slied in hoisting. [ME. and G fallen, AS. feallan,
). vallen, Ic. and Sw. falla, to fall, L,.fallere, to de-
ceive, Gr. sphaUein.to cause to fall. See Fail.] To
fall aboard of. (Naut.) To strike against. Tof.
among. To come among accidentally or unexpect-
edly. —
To
f. astern, (Jyaut.) To move backward.
— Tof. away. To lose flesh, pine; to revolt, rebel;
to apostatize; to perish, be ruined; to decline grad-
ually, fade.— To f. back. To recede, give way; to
fail of performing a promise or purpose.— Tof. foul.
—
truly. False'ness, n. False'-heart'ed, a. Hol-
low; treacherous ; deceitful ; perfidious. —
False'-
hood. n. Want of truth or veracity, honesty or in-
tegrity; deceitfulness; perfidy; counterfeit; impos-
A ture; lie; fiction; fabrication. —Fals'ify, -I-fi, v. t.
[-fied (-fid), -fying.] To represent falsely, coun-
terfeit, forge; to prove to be false, or untrustworthy;
false, as a judgment. (Equity.) To show, in ac-
counting, that an item of charge in an account is
wrong. —v. i. To tell lies, violate the truth.— Fals'-
ifi'er, n. — —
Fala , ifi / able, a. FaFsiiica'tion, n. Act
of, etc.; a counterfeiting; confutation. (Equity.)
The showing an item of charge to be wrong.— Fals'-
ity, -T-tf , n. Quality of being false; a false asser-
tion; lie; deceit. — Falsetto', -et', -et'to, n. That
species of voice in a man whose compass lies above
his natural voice. [It. falsetto, treble.]
Falter, fawller, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -teking.] To
— fail, stumble; esp. to hesitate, stammer; to tremble,
totter; to fail in distinctness or regularity of exer-
cise, — said of the mind or of thought. [OF. falter,
Sp. and Pg. faltar, to be deficient, OF. falte, Sp.,
Pg., and It. falta, lack, fault.] —
Fal'teringly, adv.
Fame, fam, n. Public report or rumor; renown; no-
from toriety; celebrity; credit; honor. v. t. —
[famed
(famd), FAMING.J To report; to make famous. [F.;
Jj.fama, fr. fan, to speak, Gr. phemi, I say.] Fa'- —
mous, -mus, n. Celebrated in fame; renowned; dis-
tinguished in story; remarkable: signal; illustrious;
excellent. —
Fa'mously, adv. —
FalnousnesB, n.
Family, fam'i-H, n. The body of persons living in
— one house, and under one head; household; a tribe
— or race; kindred; course of descent: genealogy; lin-
eage; a group of kindred individuals, more compre-
hensive than a genus. [F. famille, ~L.familia ; Skr.
dhaman, an abode, house, fr. dha, to set, place.] —
Familiar, -yar, a. Pert, to a family; domestic; in-
timate, as a friend or companion; well versed in (a
study) ; unceremonious; free well known, as a
;

To attack. To, /. from. To recede from; to revolt. friend; well understood, as a book or science. n. —
— To f. from grace. To sink into vice, sin. To /. — An intimate ; close companion a demon or evil ;

home. (Ship Carp.) To curve inward, as the tim- spirit supposed to attend at a call. (Court of Inqui-
bers of a ship's side. — To f. in. To concur, agree sition.) One admitted to the secrets, and employed
to comply, yield to; to come in, join, enter. To f. — in the service, of the courts. [OF. familier, L. fa-
in with. To meet, discover, or come near. Tof. off. — miliaria.} —
Familiarity, -yar- or -T-ar'f-tf , n. State
To withdraw, separate; to apostatize; to forsake, of being familiar: unconstrained intercourse; fiee-
abandon; to drop; to depreciate. (Naut.) To fall dom from constraint; fellowship; affability; inti-
to leeward. —
To f. on. To begin suddenly and macy. —
Familiarize, v. t. [-iap>ized (-y:\r-17.d),
eagerly; to assail; to drop on, descend on.— To f. -izing.] To make familiar or intimate; to hauitu-

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ~, linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — —
FAMINE
ate,accustom; to make easy by practice or study.
Familiarly, adv. In a familiar manner; without
formality; commonly; frequently. — Fam'ilist,
{Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect founded in Holland,
called the Family of Love, from the affection its
members professed for all people, however wicked.
— Famllism, -lizm, n. Tenets of, etc.
Famine, famln, n. General scarcity of food; dearth;
destitution. [F., fr. L. fames, hunger, Skr. hard,
privation, want, fr. ha, to abandon, Gr. cheros, be-
reft, empty.] —
Famish, v. t. [-ished (-isht), -ish-
ing.] To starve, kill, or destroy with hunger; to ex-
haust the strength of by hunger; to kill by depriva-
tion of anything necessary; to constrain by famine.
— -v. i. To die of hunger, starve; to suffer extreme
hunger or thirst; to suffer extremity from depriva-
tion of anything necessary.— Famishment, a. Pain
of extreme hunger or thirst.
Famous, etc. See under Fame.
Fan, fan, n. An instrument for producing currents of
air, by motion of a broad sur-
face as, an instrument for
; thing by which hold is taken. [AS. fangan, Ic. and
cooling the person. (Mach.) An
instrument for exciting cur-
rents of air, in winnowing
grain, blowing a fire, ventila-
tion, etc., or for checking rapid
motion by the resistance of the
air; something in the form of a
woman's fan, as a peacock's
tail, a window, etc.: a vane,
used to keep the sails of a
smock windmill in the direc-
tion of the wind.— v. t. [fanned Fan- wheel,
(fand), -ning.] To move as with a fan; to cool by
moving the air; to ventilate, blow
on; to winnow. [AS. fann, F. van,
OHG. wanna, L. vannus, a fan, Skr.
vata, wind, va, to blow.] —Fan'ner,
n.~ Fan'-blow'er, -wheel, n. A wheel
with revolving vanes to impel a cur-
rent of air. — -light, n. {Arch.) A
window shaped like an open fan.—
-palm, n. The talipot-tree of the E.
Indies, whose leaves are at first
folded like a fan, but spread open.
-tail, n. A kind of bird, esp. a pig-
eon, having a f an-shaped tail; a form
of gas-burner.
Fan-palm,
Fanatic, fa-natlk, -ical, a. Pert, to,
or indicating, fanaticism; excessively enthusiastic,
esp. on religious subjects. — Fanatic, n. One af-
fected by excessive and unreasoning zeal. [F. fa-
natique, fr. L. fanaticus, pert, to a temple, inspired
by a divinity, filled with enthusiasm, fr. fanum, a
fane, q. v.] — Fanatically, adv. —
Fanatlcalness,
-icism, -Y-sizm, n. Excessive zeal wild notions of
; —
religion; superstition; frenzy.
Fancy, fan's!, n. The faculty by which the mind
forms an image of anything perceived before, power
of combining and modifying such objects into new
images, power of creating and recalling such ob-
jects for amusement or embellishment; an image of
anything formed in the mind; conception; caprice;
whim; impression; inclination, liking, or the object Farce, fars, n. (Cookery.) Stuffing, like that used in
of inclination or liking; that which pleases the taste
or caprice without much use or value. —
v. i. [fan-
cied (-sid), -cying.] To figure to one's self, imag-
ine. — v. t. To form a conception of to have a
fancy or liking for. — a. Adapted to please the
;
fancy or taste. [Abbr. of ME. and OF. fantasie, LL.
fantasia, Gr. phantasia, imagination, fr. phantazein, Farcin, f ar'sin,' Far'cy, -sY, n. {Far.) A disease of
to make visible, fr. phainein, to manifest, shine, Skr.
bha, to shine.]— Fancy ball. A ball in which per-
sons appear in fancy dresses. —
F. goods. Fabrics
of various colors, patterns, etc. F. stocks. Stocks Fare, far, v. i. [fared (fard), faring.] To go, pass,
which afford opportunity for atock- gambling, as
having no intrinsic value, but artificial fluctuations
in their prices. — F. store. One where articles of
fancy and ornament are sold. —
The fancy. Those,
collectively, who affect some peculiar taste, as sport-
ing, boxing, etc. — Fan'cier, -sY-er, n. One gov-
erned by fancy; one who fancies or has a special
interest in; one who keeps for sale. —
Fan'ciful, -sY-
ful, a. Full of, or guided by, fancy; whimsical;
abounding in wild images; fantastical; visionary.
Fan'cifuUy, adv.— Fan'cifulness, n. —
Fantastic,
•tical, a. Produced by the fancy; unreal; of the
nature of a phantom; fanciful; imaginative; vision-
ary; irregular; wild; capricious. —
Fantastic, n.
One given to fantastic dress or manners; a dandy.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare
— ;
im FARINA
— Fantastically, adv. — Fantasticalness, -ticallty,
n.— Fantasy, -si, n. Same as Fancy. — Fan'tasm,
n. Fan torn, n. Same as Phantasm, Phantom, the
usual spelling. — Fanta'sia, -ta'ze-a, n. (Mus.) A
continuous composition, not divided into move-
ments or governed by ordinary musical rules. [It.]
Fandango, lan-dan'go, n. A lively dance, practiced
in Spain and Sp. Amer. [Sp.]
Fane, fan, n. A temple; place consecrated to religion;
church. [L. fanum, tr.fari, to speak.]
Fanfare, fanlar, n. A flourish of trumpets; defiance;
bravado. (Mus.) A
short and martial composition,
performed by trumpets and kettle-drums. TF.: Sp.
fanfarria, bluster, vaunting, Ax.farfar, loquacious
(onomat.).] —
Fanlaron, n. A bully, swaggerer
empty boaster. [F. and Sp.] — Fanfar'onadV,
;
n.
Vain boasting; ostentation; bluster. [F.]
Fang, fang, n. A tusk or pointed tooth of a dog or
other carnivorous animal, with which prey is seized
and torn; a venomous tooth, as of a serpent; a long,
pointed tooth; a claw or talon; any shoot or other
Sw. fa, to seize, D. vangen, Goth, fahan, G. fahen,
fangen, to catch; AS., Ic, Sw., G. fang, a catch, also
G.fang, a talon.]— Fanged, fangd, a. Having fangs.
Fanon, fan'on, n. An embroidered scarf, worn about
the left arm of a Rom. Cath. priest, in celebrating
mass a flag ensign. [OF. ; JLL. fano, fr. OHG.
; ;
fano, banner.]
Fantasia, Fantastic, etc. See under Fancy.
Fantasm, Fantom. See Phantasm.
Faquir. See Fakir.
Far, far, a. [farther and farthest are used as
compar. and superl. of far, in imitation of further
and furthest: the ME. forms were ferrer,ferrest.]
Distant in any direction remote contrary to de- ; ;
sign or wishes; at enmity with; more distant of the
two. —
adv. To a great extent or distance of space
or of time in great part ; in a great proportion;
;
very much; to a certain point, degree, or distance.
[ME. fer, AS. feor, D. and OHG. ver, Ic. fjarri, Q.
fern; s. rt. Gr. peran, Skr. paras, beyond, para,
distant, also E.. fare.'] By far. In a great degree; —
very much. —
F. off. At or to a great distance; at
enmity; in a state of ignorance and alienation. F. —
other. Very different. Fromf. From a great dis- —
tance; from a remote place. [Far occurs in com-
pounds, such as far-extended, far-reaching, which
need no definition.] Far'-fetched, -fecht, a. —
Brought from far; not naturally deduced or intro-
duced; forced; strained. sight'ed, a. Seeing to
a great distance; unable to see near objects distinct-
ly. —Farther, -ther, a. More remote; additional;
tending to a greater distance ; longer. adv. At or —
to a greater distance; beyond; moreover. Far '- —
thest, -thest, a. More distant or remote furthest.
adv. At or to the greatest distance.
;
Farad, far'ad, n. (Elec.) The standard unit of elec-
trical capacity. [Fr. Michael Faraday, the Eng. elec-
trician.] —
Faradlc, a. Pert, to Faraday, said —
esp. of induced currents of electricity, prodaced by
certain forms of inductive apparatus. —Far 'adism,
-izm, -ization, n. (Med.) Remedial treatment with
induced currents of electricity.
dressing a fowl; force-meat. A low style of comedy;
ridiculous or empty show. j"F., stuffing, also a play,
fr. farcer, lu.farcire, to stuff, Gr. phrassein, to shut
in.] —
Far'cical, -sY-kal, a. Pert, or appropriated to
farce ludicrous deceptive.
; Far'cically, adv.
;
— —
the absorbents, affecting the skin and blood-vessels,
and resembling mange and glanders. [F. fmrcin.
It. farcina, fr. L./arare. See Farce.]
travel; to be in any state, good or bad; to be treated
with bodily or social comforts to happen well or
ill. —
n. Price of passage by land or water; experi-
;
ence; food; provisions for the table. [AS., OHG.,
and Goth, faran, Ic. and Sw. fara, Dan. fare, D.
varen, Gr. poreuesthai, to go, Gr. peran, L. expenri,
to pass through, Skr. pri, to bring over; s. rt. far,
ferry, experience, port, peril.'] Farewell'', interj. —
Go well; good-by adieu.— n. A wish of welfare
—
at parting ;
;
act of departure. —a. Parting; vale-
dictory.
Farina, fa-ri'na or -re'na, n. The flour of corn, or
any starchy root. (Chem.) Starch or fecula, one
of the proximate principles of vegetables. [L., fr.
—
far, a kind of grain, spelt; s. rt. barley.] Far'ina'- —
; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; 8dd, tone, 6r
 FARM 199 FATHER
ceous, -shus. a. Consisting or made of meal or flour; fast, Ic.fastr. D. OHG. vast; s. rt. fetter, foot.]
and
yielding farina or flour; like or pert, to meal. — Fast and loose. Xow cohering; now disjointed;
Farm, farm, n. A
tract of land inclosed for cultiva- inconsistent; insincere.— Fasten, fas'n, v. t. [-ened
tion by a tenant; ground devoted to agriculture: a (-nd), -ening.] To fix firmly, make fast, secure; to
landed estate a lease. v. t. [farmed (farmd), — hold together, cause to cleave together, cement, at-
;

farming.] To lease or let for an equivalent, as tach, affix, annex. v. i. —

To fix one's self to :

land for a rent; to give up to another, as an estate, clinch. [AS. fxsUiian.] —

Fast'ener. n Fast'en- . —
business, revenue, privilege, etc., receiving in return ing, a. Anything that binds and makes fast, a; a
a percentage of what it yields; to take at a certain lock, catch, bolt, bar, etc. —
Fast'ness, n. State of
rent or rate; to cultivate, as a farm. v. i. To till — being, etc.; fixedness; security: a fast place; strong-
the soil, labor as an agriculturist. [AS. feorm, OF. hold; fortress. [AS. fsestnes, the firmament.
ferme, fr. LL. firma. a feast, farm, tribute, lasting Fast, fast, v. i. To abstain from food, go hungry; to
oath, fr. L. firmus, firm, q. v.] Farm'er. n. One — practice abstinence as a religious duty. n. Ab- —
•who farms, as, a cultivator of leased ground; or, one stinence from food. esp., as a religious mortification
who collects taxes, customs, excise, etc., for a cer- or humiliation; a time of fasting. [AS. fiesta,,, D.
tain rate per cent. or, an agriculturist, husbandman.
;
vasten, Dan. faste, Sw. and Ic. fasta, G. fasten; s.
— Farm'ing. n. The business of cultivating land.— rt. fast, firm, i. e. strict in observance.]— To break
Farm'ery, -er-Y. n. The building and yards of a one's fast. To end a period of abstinence by taking
A food; esp. to take one's morning meal; to breakiast.
farm. —Farm '-house, n.
for the residence of a farmer.
inclosure attached to a barn.
house attached to a farm,
yard, a. yard or — A — Fast'er, n.
Fast'-day, n.
—
Fast'ing, n. Religious abstinence.—
A
day set apart for abstinence from
Faro, far'o, n. A
game at cards, in which a person usual pursuits, and special praver and humiliation.
plays against the bank, kept by the proprietor of the Fastidious, fas-tid'T-us, a. Difficult to please; deli-
table. [Perh. fr. Pharaoh, name formerly given to cate to a fault; squeamish. [L. fastidtosus, fr. fas-
one of the cards.] tidium, loathing, fr. fastus, arrogance, and tsedium,
Farrago, far-ra'go, n. A
mass composed of materials disgust.] —
Fastid'iously, adv. Fastid'iousness, n. —
confusedly mixed: a medley. [L., mixed fodder, fr. Fat, fat, a. Abounding with fat, as, fleshy, plump,
far. See Farina.] —
Farraginous, -raj'T-nus, a. corpulent, oily, greasy, unctuous, rich: exhibiting
Formed of various materials; mixed. the qualities of a fat animal; coarse; heavy; gross;
Farrier, far'rY-er, n. A
smith who shoes horses a ; dull; stupid; yielding a rich supply; productive.—
veterinary surgeon. [OY.ferrer, to shoe a horse, fr. n. An oily, concrete substance, deposited in ani-
fer, L.femtm, iron.] —
Far 'riery, -T, n. Art of shoe- mal bodies; the richest productions; best part.
— v.
v.
ing horses treatment of diseases of horses and
;
t. To make fat, fatten, i. To grow fat, plump,
cattle. and fleshv. fset, D. vet, Dan. fed, Sw.fet, Ic.
[AS.
Farrow, far'ro, ofpigs.
n. A
v. t. & i. [far-
litter — feitr: perh. Gr. pion, Skr. pivan, fat.]
s. rt. Fat'- —
rowed (-rod), -rowing.] To bring forth (pigs)- ly, -IT, adv. Grossly; greasily. Fat'ness. -tiness, —
[Dan. fare, to farrow, AS. fearh, OHG. farah, D. n. — Fat'ten, -tn, v. t. [-tened (-tnd). -tening.] To
varken, L. porcus, a pig.] make fat, fill full; to make fertile and fruitful, en-
Farrow, far'ro, a. Xot producing young in a given rich. — v. t. To grow fat. — Fat'ner. -tener. n.
year, —
said only of cows. [D. vaarkoe, a young One who or that which, etc. Fat'ty, -tt, a. Con- —
eow that has not yet had a calf.] taining or like fat greasy. ;
—
Fatty degeneration.
Farther. Farthest. See under Far. (Pathol.) A
structural disease in which the oil
Farthing, f ar'tiiing, n. The fourth of an Eng. penny. globules in certain organs are multiplied and en-
— equal to half a cent. [AS.feordhing, fr. feordh, larged, to the exclusion of the efficient parts of the
fourth, fr. feower, four.] organs. —
Fat'ling. n. A
young animal fattened for
Farthingale, far 'thin-gal, n. hoop petticoat. [OF. A slaughter; a fat animal.
verdugalle, Sp. verdugado, lit. provided with hoops, Fat, fat, n. A
large tub, cistern, or vessel a vat. ;

fr. verdugo, shoot of a tree, fr. verde, L. viridis, [Prov. E.]

green.] Fate, fat, n. A
decree pronounced by God: inevit-
Fasces, fas'sez, n. pi. (Rom. Antiq.) An ax tied up able necessity: appointed lot; esp.. final lot, death,
with a bundle of rods, and borne before destruction ; destiny: doom; chance, pi. (MythA
magistrates as a badge of authority. [L., pi. Three goddesses (Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos)
of fastis, Gr. phakelos, a bundle; perh. s. rt. supposed to determine the course of human life.
Skr. pac.spag, to bind.] Fas'cial, fash'Y- — [OF. fat, E. fatum. fate, lit. thing spoken, p. p. of
al, a. Belonging to the fasces. Fas'ciate, — Jari, to speak. See Fairy, Fame.] Fat'ed. a. De- —
a. (Bot.) Banded or compacted together; creed by fate; doomed; destined. Fate'ful. -fuL —
rendered flat, as some stems, through mon- a. Bearing fatal power; producing fatal events.'—
strous growth. —
Fas'ciated, a. Bound with Fa'tal, a. Proceeding from, or appointed by, fate;
a fillet or bandage. (Bot.) Flattened in form necessary; inevitable; causing death or destruction;
—
by growth. Fas'cicle, -sY-kl, n. (Bot.) A destructive; calamitous. Fa' tally, adv. — Fa'tal- —
close cluster or cyme, with the flowers much ism, -izm, n. The doctrine of fate, or inevitable ne-
erowded together, as in the sweet-william. [L. cessity. —
Fa'talist, n. One who maintains that all
fasciculus, dim. of fastis.] Fascic'ular, a. — things happen by inevitable necessity. Fatality, —
Growing in bunches or tufts. Fascine', — -l-tl, n. State of being fatal, or proceeding from
A
j

-sen', n. (Fort.) bundle of sticks of wood, ! destiny; invincible necessity state of being pro- ;

used in raising batteries, filling ditches, etc. Fasces. ductive of death: tendency to destruction or danger;
[OF. L. fastina, a. faggot.]
; mortality. —
Fata Morgana, fa'ta-mor-ga'na. A
Fascinate, fas'si-nat, v. t. To bewitch, enchant; to phenomenon, in which, by atmospheric refraction,
allure irresistibly or powerfully, enrapture, capti- images of distant objects appear as inverted, dis-
vate. [L. fastinare, -natum: perh. s. rt. Gr. bas- torted, displaced, or multiplied. [It., the Fairy
kainein, to enchant.] —
Fascina'tion, n. Act of, Morgana; It. fata, fairy, Armor, mor, sea, and gana,
etc. ; unseen, inexplicable influence that which ; fine lady.]
fascinates; a charm; spell. Father, fa'ther, n. Male parent: a remote male an-
Fashion, fash'un, n. The make or form of anything: cestor; progenitor; esp., a first ancestor; one vener-
pattern workmanship prevailing mode or style,
: ; ated for age, kindness, wisdom, etc.; a senator of
esp. of dress mode of action; manner: sort; way. ancient Rome a dignitary of the Rom. Cath.
:

— (•. t.
;

[fashioned (-und), -oning.] To form, give church, superior of a convent, confessor, priest, etc.;
shape to; to fit, adapt, accommodate. [OF. faceon, a dignitary or elder clergyman in the Protestant
fazon.fachon, form, shape, L./acrfo. See Fact.] — church; one of the chief ecclesiastical authorities
Fash'ionable, a. Conforming to the fashion or es- of the first centuries after Christ; a producer, au-
tablished mode; established by custom or use: cur- thor, or contriver the first of a series a distin-
; ;

rent; prevailing at a particular time; observant of guished example or teacher the Supreme Being; :

the customary mode genteel well bred. n. ; — A in theology, the first person in the Trinity. v. t. —
—
;

person of fashion. Fash'ionably. adv. — Fash'- [fathered (-rherd). -therixg.] To make one's self
ioner. n. One who gives shape to anything. the father of. beget; to take as one's own child, adopt,
Fast, fast, a. Firmly fixed closely adhering: firm ; acknowledge one's self author of. [AS.fssder, D.
against attack, or in adherence; steadfast; faithful; vader, Dan. and Sw. fader, Ic. fadhir, Goth, fadar,
not easily disturbed or broken sound ; moving : G. voter, L. and Gr. pater. Per. pidar, Skr. pitri.] —
rapidly swift rash and inconsiderate extrava- : To father on or upon. To ascribe to, or charge
—
; ;

gant dissipated.
: adv. In a firmlv established, upon, as one's offspring or production. Fa'ther- —
also in a rapid manner. [AS. fsest, Dan. and Sw. hood. n. State of being a father: paternity. Fa'- —
euii, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxbo.w chair, get.
 ; ; —

FATHOM 200 FEATHER

therly, -IT, a. Pert, to, or Like, etc.; paternal; ten- section of a honey-comb;
der ; protecting. —
Fa'therliness, n. Qualities of, having pits, depressions, or
etc. —
Fa'therless. a. Destitute of, etc.; without a cells.
known author.— Fa'ther-in-law, n. Father of one's Fawn, fawn, n. A young fal-
—
of one's ancestors. lash'er, n.
allied to the river bull-head.
—
husband or wife. Fa'ther-land, n. The native land
A
salt-water fish,
—
Fa'ther- or Dad'dy-
low deer; a buck or doe of
the first year. [OF. fan,
faon,ir. L. foztus. See Fe-;t
long'-legs, n. (Entom.) The crane-fly. (Zobl.) A tus.]
spider, having a small, roundish body and very long Fawn, fawn, v. i. [fawned
legs, and running rapidly. ( f a w n d ) fawning.] To
,

Fathom, fath'um, n. A
measure of length feet; = court favor by cringing,
space to which a man can extend his arms. -v. v. t.
(

— court servilely, flatter meanly. [Ic. fagna, AS.

[fathomed (-uind), -©Ming.] To measure by a fmgnian, to rejoice, fr. faegen, glad. See Fain.] —
sounding line; esp., to sound the depth of, get to the Fawn'er, n.
bottom of. [AS. fsedhm, D. vadem, Ic. fadhmr, Dan. Fay. See Fairy.
favn, G.faden, a fathom, Sw.famn, embrace, arms; Fay, fa, v. t. and i. [fayed (fad), faying.] To fit,
AS. fsedhman, to fathom. J —
Fath'omable, a. — suit, unite closely with. [Same nsfadge, q. v.]
Fatb/omless, a. Incapable of being fathomed.
-
Fealty, fe'al-tt, n. Fidelity to one's lord, to a supe-
Fatigue, fa-teg' n. Weariness from exertion; cause
, rior power, or to a government; homage; loyalty; fi-
of weariness; labor; toil; labors of military men, delity. [OF. feaute,fealte,feelteit, li.fidelitas; same
disting. f r. use of arms. v. t. —
[fatigued (-tegcK), as fidelity.]
-guing.] To weary with exertion, exhaust the Fear, fer, n. A painful emotion excited by expecta-
strength or endurance of, jade, tire. [OF., fatigue; tion of evil or apprehension of danger; solicitude;
fatiguer, L. fatigare, to fatigue, OL. adfatim, suffi- alarm; dread; terror. (Script.) Reverence for the
ciently.] Supreme Being, or for men of authority or worth.
Fatling, Fatten. Fatty, etc. See under Fat. That which causes apprehension or alarm. v. t.
Fatuous, fafu-us, a. Feeble in mind; weak; impo- [feared (ferd), fearing.] To feel a painful appre-
tent; without reality; illusory. [L.fatuus; perh. s. hension of, be afraid of, dread; to have a reveren-
rt. Goth, gaidw, Gr. chatis, want, defect.] Fatu'- — tial awe of, venerate. To be in apprehension
ity, -Y-tT, n. Imbecility. of evil, be afraid. [AS. fser, OHG. fara. var, peril,
Faubourg, fo'boorg, n. A suburb in French cities. fear, Ic. far, harm.] —
Fear'ful, -ful, a. Full of
[F., for faux-bouro, a false, not genuine, town. See fear; afraid; easily frightened; indicating, or caused
False and Borough.] by, fear; inspiring fear; exciting terror; horrible;
Fauces, faw'sez, n. pi. The posterior part of the shocking; awful. —
Fearfully, adv. Fear'fulness, —
mouth, terminated by the pharynx and larynx. [L. n. — Fearless, a. Free from fear; bold; daring;
perh. s. rt. Skr. bhuka, hole, head of a fountain.] — dauntless; heroic. —
Fearlessly, adv. Fearless- —
Fau'cah a. Pert, to the fauces; esp. (Pron.), pro- ness, n. —
Fear 'naught, -nawt, n. thick woolen A
duced in the fauces, as certain deep guttural sounds cloth; dreadnaught.
found in Semitic languages. Feasible, fe'zY-bl, a. Capable of being effected; prac-
Faucet, faw'set, n. A
tube stopped with a peg, spigot, ticable. [OF. faisible, fr. faire, L. facere, to make
or slide, for drawing liquid from a vessel. [OF. or do.] —
Fea'sibleness, -sibil'ity, -t\,n. Practica-
fausset, faulset, fr. faulser, L,.falsare, to forge, fal- bility.
sify, fr.falsus, false, q. v.] Feast, fest, n. A festival; holiday; a solemn or joyous
Faugh, law, interj. Exclamation of contempt or ab- anniversary; a festive meal; banquet; something
horrence. [Perh. fr. AS. fian, to hate.] delicious or highly agreeable. v. i. —
To eat sump-
Faulchion. Same as Falchion. tuously; to be highly delighted. v. t. To entertain —
Fault, fa wit, n. Want; absence; lack; default; any- with sumptuous provisions; to delight, gratify lux-
thing wanting, or that impairs excellence; a moral uriously. [OF./es<e, Y.fete, Li.festa, festivals, neut.
failing; an offense less serious than a crime; blun- pi. fr. festus, -a, -um, joyful, orig. bright; s. rt. Skr.
der; vice. (Geol. & Mining.) A
displacement of bha, to shine.] —
Fes'tal, -tlve, -tiv, a. Pert, to a
strata or veins at a fissure, so that they are not con- holiday or feast; joyous; gay. —
Fes'tival, -tY-val, a.
tinuous. (Hunting.) A
lost scent, —v. t. To cause Festal. —
n. A
time of feasting or celebration; a
a fault or displacement in (strata or veins). [OF. civil or religious anniversary. —
Festivity, -tt, n.
faute, faulte, Sp., Pg., and It. falta, defect, want, Condition of being festive; a festive celebration;
Sp. and Pg. /altar. It. faltare, to lack, freq. fr. L. festival. —Fete, fat, n. A
festival; holiday; celebra-
fallere. See Fail, Falter.] —
At fault. Unable to tion. —v. t. To feast; to honor with an entertain-
find the scent and continue chase; puzzled; thrown ment. [F.]
off the track. —
To find f. To express dissatisfac- Feat, fet, n. An act; deed; exploit; a striking act of
tion, complain. —
Fault'y, -Y, a. Containing, or strength, skill, or cunning; a trick. [OF. fait, L.
guilty of, faults; imperfect; blamable. — Faultily, factum, a deed; same as fact, q. v.] Feafly, adv. —
-T-1Y, — Faulfiness, n. — Faultless, a. With-
adv. Neatly; dexterously; adroitly. Feafure, fe'chur,—
out fault; blameless; spotless; perfect. — Faultless- n. Make, form, or appearance of a person; esp.
ly, adv. — Fault'lessness, n. food appearance; cast or appearance of the human
Faun, fawn, n. (Rom. Myth.) A god of shepherds ace, esp. of any single part of the face; a lineament;
and fields, — represented as half goat and half man. structure of anything; marked peculiarity. [OF.
[L. Faunus, the deity of agriculture and shepherds, faiture, fashion, L. factura, formation, work, fut.
fr. favere, to be favorable.] — Fau'na, -na, n. (Zobl.) p. oi facere.] —
Featureless, a. Having no distinct
The animals of any given area or epoch. features. Feat'urely, -IT, a. —
Having features
Fauteuil, fo-teK, n. An arm-chair, usually orna- showing marked peculiarities.
mented; a seat in the French Academy. [F.; OF. Feather, feth / er, n. One of the growths, generally
fauldetueil, LL. faldistolium. See Faldstool.] formed each of a central quill and a vane on each
Favor, fa'ver, n. Kind regard; propitious aspect; act side of it, which cover a bird; a plume; pen. v. U —
of countenancing, or condition of being counte- feathered (-erd), -ering.] To dress in feathers;
nanced; support; a kind act or office; an act of S o furnish (an arrow, cap, etc.) with feathers to
—
;

grace; mildness; lenity; object of kind regard; a. adorn, deck; to tread, as a cock. v. i. To become
gift, token of love; something worn as a token of feathered or horizontal; to curdle when poured into
affection; a letter, —
so called in compliment. v. t. —
another liquid, and float in feather-like flakes. [AS.
[favored (-verd), favoring.] To regard with kind- fedher, D. veder, Ic. fjodhr, G. feder, L. penna (=
ness, aid, befriend; to afford advantages for success pet-na), Gr. pteron (= pet-ron), Skr. patra, a feather;
to, facilitate. [L., fr. favere, to befriend.] Fa'- —
s. rt. pen.] —A
feather in the cap. An honor or mark
vorer, n. —
Fa'vorable, a. Manifesting or indica- of distinction. To be in high f. To appear in high—
ting partiality; kind; propitious; tending to promote spirits and health, like birds after molting. To cut —
or facilitate; advantageous. —
Fa'vorableness, n.— a f. To make the water foam in moving, said of —
Fa'vorably, adv. —
Fa'vorite, -it, n. person or A
a ship. —
To show the white f. To betray cowardice,
thing regarded with peculiar favor; one treated with —
a white feather in a cock's tail being a token that
partiality. —
a. Regarded with, etc. [OF.] Fa'- —
he is not of game-breed. To f. one's nest. To pro- —
voritism, -izm, n. Disposition to favor, aid, and vide for one s self, esp. from property which passes
promote the interest of a favorite; partiality. through one's hands. To f. the oars. (Naut.) To —
Favus, fa'vus, n. (Pathol.) A
disease of the scalp bring their blades in rowing into a horizontal po-
—
caused by a parasitic fungus. [L., honey-comb.] sition as they rise out of the wnter, so as to cut the
Favose', -vos', a. (Hot.) Honey-combed; like the wind and not to hold it. Featb/ered, -5rd, a. —
am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, t5rm ; Xn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 FEATLY 201 FELLOW
Clothed, covered, or fitted with, etc. Feath'ery, -t, — — ducing to, etc. — Feud'alism, -izm, n. The feudal
a. Pert, to, like, or covered with, etc. Featb/er- svstem.
board'ing, n. A covering in which the edge of one Feeble, fe'bl, a. [feebler, -blest.] Deficient in
board overlaps another, like feathers of a bird strength; wanting force or efficiency in action or
weather-boarding. —
-edge, n. An edge formed like
;

expression; infirm; languid; imbecile; faint. [OF.

that of a feather, or thinner than the opposite edge,
— applied to boards; a flexible film of metal adher-
ing to the edge of a cutting instrument after grind-
ing.
t eatly, Feature. See under Feat.
Febrile, fe'bril or feb'ril, a. Pert, to, indicating, or
derived from fever. [F., fr. L.febris, fever, q. v.]
Feb'rifa/cient, -shent, Febrif'ic, a. Producing
fever. [Ju.facere, to make.] —
Feb'rifuge, -rt-fuj, n.
(Med.) A
medicine serving to remove fever. a.
Having the quality of subduing fever; anti-febrile.
[L. fugure, to put to flight, fr.fugere, to flee.]
February, feb'roo-a-rY, n. The 2d month in the year,
— containing, in common years, 28 days, in bissex-
tile or leap year, 29 days. [L. Februarius, the month
of expiation, on the 15th of which the Romans held
the feast of expiation; fr. februum, orig. in the Sa-
bine language, a purgative, hence, febrva,
Roman festival of purification, and februare, to pu-
rify, expiate.]
Feces, Faeces, fe'sez, n. pi. Excrement; ordure; also
dregs, settlings, sediment. [L., pi. of fssx,fsecis.]
Fe'cal, a. Pert, to, or containing, etc. Fec'ula,
-u-la, n. Any
pulverulent matter obtained from
plants by simply breaking down the texture, wash-
ing with water, and subsidence; esp. nutritious part
foible, for floible. It. fievole, feeble, fr. L. fiebilis,
doleful, fr. 'L.ftere, to weep; s. rt. flue-re, to now.] —
Fee'bly, -blY, adv.— Fee'bleness, n.— Fee'ble-mind'-
ed, a. Weak in intellectual power.
Feed, fed, v. t. [fed, feeding.] To give food to,
supply with nourishment, fill the wants of, satisfy;
— to graze; to cause to be cropped by feeding; to give
for food, furnish for consumption. (Much.) To
supply with materials, as a printing press with
— paper; to subject to operation, as the work, or the
tool, in machines. v. i. —
To take food, eat; to sub-
sist by eating, prey; to pasture, graze. n. That —
which is eaten by beasts; provender; fodder; a pas-
ture ground; allowance given to a horse, cow, etc.;
water supplied to steam-boilers. (Mach.) The parts
that move the work to the cutting-tool, or the tool
to the work. [AS. fedan, to feed, iv.foda, food, q.
pi., the v.] — Feed'er, n. One who gives food; one who, or
that which feeds a machine; one who furnishes in-
centives, eats or subsists, or fattens cattle for slaugh-
ter ; a fountain or channel that supplies a main
— canal with water; a branch railroad which increases
— the business of the main line. (Mining.) side A
branch of a vein that passes into a lode.
Feel, fel, v. t. [felt, feeling.] To perceive by the
touch, examine by touching make trial of, test ;

of wheat; starch or farina; green matter of plants.
[L., dim. of fsex.] —
Fec'ulent, a. Foul with ex-
traneous or impure substances; dreggy; turbid.—
Fec'ulence, -ulency, -u-len-sl, n. Quality of being;
that which is, etc.
Fecund, fek'- or fe'kund, a. Fruitful in children;
proline. [L. fecundus ; s. rt. fetus, q. v.] Fec'un-
to perceive within one's self, experience, be affected
by to have an inward persuasion of.
; v. i. To —
have perception by the touch or nerves of sensa-
tion; to have the sensibilities moved; to perceive
one's self to be, —
followed by an adjective descri-
bing the state, etc. to know with feeling, know
— ;

certainly; to appear to the touch, give a perception.

date, v. t. To make fruitful or prolific; to impreg- — n. Feeling; perception; sensation communicated
nate. [L. fecundare, -datum.] —
Fec'unda'tion, n. by touching. [AS. felan, D. voelen, OHG. folgan,
Act of making fruitful impregnation. Fecun''-
; — fuolan ; pern. s. rt. palpable, fr. L. palpare, to feel.]
dity, -dY-tt, n. Quality or power of producing fruit — FeePer, n. One who, or that which, feels. (Nat.
or young; power of germinating, as in seeds; fertil- Hist.) One of the organs with which certain ani-
ity; richness of invention. [OF. fecondite'.] mals try objects by the touch; a palp. A proposal,
Fed. See Feed. observation, etc., to ascertain the views of others. —
Federal, fed'Sr-al, a.Pert, to a league, contract, or FeeFing, p. a. Possessing, or expressive of, great
treaty; composed of states retaining only a subordi- sensibility sensitive.
; n. The sense sense of — ;

nate sovereignty. [F., fr. L. fozdus, -eris, treaty, touch; an act or state of perception by touch; con-
covenant; s. rt. fides, faith.]— Fed'eral, -alist, n. sciousness; capacity of the soul for emotional states;
An advocate of confederation; esp. {Amer. Hist.), a state or condition of emotion any mental state ;
friend of the Constitution of the U. S. at its forma- sentiment agitation
; opinion. Feelingly, adv.
;

—
tion and adoption. —
Federalism, -izm, n. The In a feeling manner aff ectingly.
;

—
;

principles of Federalists. Fed'erate, a. United Feet. See Foot.

by compact, as states or nations; leagued; confeder- Feign, fan, v. t. [feigned (fand), feigning.] To
ate. [L. fozderare, -atum, to bind by treaty.] — Fed- imagine to assert by a fiction, pretend to make a
; ;

eration, ». Act of uniting in a league; a league, show of, counterfeit. [F. feindre (p. pr. feignant),
confederacy. —
Federative, -tiv, a. Uniting; join- L. fingere. See Figure.] Feign'er, n. Feint,— —
ing in a league. fant, n. That which is feigned; a pretense; a seem-
Fee, fe, n. Property; possession; reward for services, ing aim at one part when another is to be struck. —
esp. payment for professional services charge. ; v. i. To make a mock attack. [F. feinte, p. p.]
(Feud. Law.) A
right to the use of a superior's Feldspar, feld'spar, FePspar, n. (Min.) crystal- A
land, as a stipend for services to be performed; land line mineral, vitreous in luster, and breaking in two
so held; a fief. (Eng. Law.) An estate of inheri- directions it consists of silica, alumina, and potash.
tance supposed to be held either mediately or imme-
:

[G. feldsjmth, fr. feld (= E. field) and spath, spar.] —

diately from the sovereign. (Amer. Law.) An es-
tate of inheritance belonging to the owner, without
condition attached to the tenure. v. t. —
[feed
(fed), feeing.] To reward for services, recompense,
hire, bribe. [AS./eo, Ic./e, Dan. and Sw.fse, Goth.
faihu, OHG. fihu, L. pecus, cattle, property, D. vee,
Feld- or Felspathv ic, -spath/ose, -os, a. Pert, to, or
consisting of, leldspar.
Felicity, fe-lis'Y-tl, n. State of being happy; blessed-
ness; that which promotes happiness; a gratifying
event bliss beatitude. [OY.felicite, L. felicitas,
fr. felix, happy s. rt. fetus.]
;

Felie'itous, -tus, a.
;

—
Skr. pagu, cattle, —
cattle being orig. a medium of Happy; skillful; well applied or expressed ^appro-
;

exchange; s. rt. pact, pecuniary.] —

Fee'-farm, n. priate. —
Felicitously, adv.— Felicitate, -tat, v. t.
ILaw.) Land held of another in fee, at an annual To make happy, delight; to express pleasure to, con-
farm or rent; estate in fee-simple, subject to a per- gratulate. FeuVita'tion, n. Congratulation. —
petual rent. sim'ple, n. An absolute fee; fee Feline, fe'lln, n. Pert, to the cat. [L. feles, -lis, cat,
without conditions or limits. —
Fief, fef, n. An es- lit. fruitful s. rt. fetus.] ;

tate held on condition of military service; fee; feud. Fell, Feller. See under Fall.
[F., f r. LL. feudum. See Feud.] —
Feoff, fef, n. A
Fell, fel, a. Cruel; inhuman; fierce; ravenous; bloody.
fief.— v. t. [feoffed (feft), -fing.] To invest with [AS. fel, fierce, OD. fel, cruel, bad, base, OF. fel,
a fee or feud; to enfeoff. [OF. feoffer, fiefer, to in- cruel, furious, Dan. fsel. hideous, grim perh. s. rt.
vest with a fief.] —
Feoffee', n. One to whom a felon.] FelPy, adv. —
Fell/ness, n. — ;

feoffment is made. [OF. feojfe, p. p.] —

Feoffor, FeU, fel, n. A
skin or hide of a beast. {AS. fel, fell,
-for, n. One who grants, etc. —
Feoffment, n. Grant Ic. fell, D. and MHG. vel, L. pellis, Gr. pella; same
of a fee; instrument or deed by which, etc. —Feud, as pell, pelt.] FelP-mon'ger, -mun'ger, n. dealer — A
Feod, fud, n. A
stipendiary estate in land, held by in sheepskins, who separates the wool from the pelts.
service fief fee. [LL. feudum, fr. OHG. fihu Fell, fel, n. hill range of hills mountain-side A ; ;

—
; ; ;

(above).] Feud'al, Feod'al, a. Pert, to, consist- low, marshy, wild land. [Ic. fjall, fell, Dan. field,
ing of, or founded on, etc. —
Feudality, -tY, n. Sw. fjall.]
State or quality of being feudal feudal form or Felloe. Same as Felly.
;

constitution.— Feud'ary, -atary, -atory, -rY, a. Held Fellow, fel'lo, n. One who follows an adherent
—
by feudal tenure. Feu'daliza lion, n. Act of re- companion associate a man without good breed- ; ;
;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow oil ; linger or ink. then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;; ;

FELLY 202 FERREOUS

ing or worth an equal in power, rank, character,
; by the use of the sword ; fencing. — v. *. [fenced
etc. one of a pair a mate a person individual
; ; ; ; (fenst), fencing.] To fend off danger from, pro,
one of the associates in an English college, admitted tect, guard ; to inclose with a fence or other protect
to share in its revenues a member of a literary or ; tion. — v. i. To make a
fence, give security to de- ;

scientific society or corporation one of the trustees ; fend one's self by the sword. [Abbr. fr. defense, q.
of a college. [ME. felawe, Ic.felagi, a partner in a v.] — Ring fence. A
fence encircling a whole estate.
felag =
association, lit. a laying together of prop- — Post-and-rail f. One of rails sustained by mor-
erty, fr. fe, property (see Fee), andta^. a laying to- tised posts. —
Virginia f, Worm f, Rail f. Trie zig-
gether, law.] [Fellow is often used in composition, zag fence of split rails without posts. To be on thef. —
indicating an associate, or sometimes equality.] — To be uncommitted in respect to opposing policies.
Fellow-com'moner, n. A student in an Eng. uni- — Fenceless, a. Without a fence; open; unguarded.
versity who commons, or dines, with the fellows. — — Fen'cer. —
Fen'cible, -sY-bl, a. Capable of be-
-creat'ure, n. One of the same race or kind ; one ing defended, or of making or affording defense.—
made by the same Creator. feel'ing, n. Sym- n. {Mil.) A
soldier enlisted for the defense of the
pathy a like feeling.
; Fellowship, n. State or — country, and not liable to be sent abroad. Fen'- —
relation of being a fellow or associate; familiar in- cing, n. Art of self-defense with the sword ; ma-
tercourse; a state of being together partnership ; terials for makingfences ; a system of fences.
an association ; company. {Eng. Universities.)
;

A Fend, fend, v. t. To keep off, shut out. v. i. To —

foundation for the maintenance of a resident act in opposition, resist, parry. [Abbr. fr. defend,
scholar. {Arith.) Rule for dividing profit and loss q. v.] —
Fend'er, n. One who, or that which, etc. esp.
among partners. —
Good fellowship. Fondness for a metallic frame to hinder coals of fire from rolling
;

society ; trustworthiness kind benavior. ; to the floor ; a buffer to prevent a vessel from strik-
Felly, fell*, Felloe, -lo, n. curved segment of the A ing against a wharf or another vessel.
rim of a wheel, between the spokes and tire. [AS. Fenestra!, fe-nes'tral, a. Pert, to windows. [L. fe-
felga, D. relg, G.felge, a felly; AS. feolan, to stick, nestra, window.]
OHG. felahan, to put together.] Fenian, fe'nt-an, n. A member of an organization
Felon, fel'on, n. {Law.) One who has committed for the overthrow of English rule in Ireland. [Name
felony. One guilty or capable of heinous crime ; crim- of the old militia of Ireland, called after Fin, —
inal ; malefactor. {Med.) whitlow; paronychia; A Fionn, or Fingal, a hero of tradition.]
inflammation of a finger or toe. a. Malignant; — Fennec, fen'nek, n. A fox-like animal of Africa.
fierce traitorous ; disloyal. [OF. LL. fello, felo,
; ; Fennel, fen'nel, n. A plant of various species, culti-
-onis, traitor, Ga. feallan, felon, traitor, fr. Ga. and vated for its carminative seeds, or as a salad plant.
Ir.feall, to betray, Ir. feal, Armor, fall, evil ; perh. [AS. finol, L. feniculum, dim. of fenum, hay.]
s. rt. fell (adj.), fail, q. v.] — FeKony, -nt, n. {Eng. Fenny. See under Fen.
Law.) An offense which occasions forfeiture of Fenugreek, fen'u-grek, n. A plant, whose seeds are
lands or goods at the common law, and to which emollient, and are used, esp. by the Arabs, in fo»
capital or other punishment may be added. hei- A mentations for horses and cattle. [L.fcenum Grsec*
nous crime esp. one punishable by death or impris-
; urn, lit. Greek hay.]
onment. —
Felo'nious, -nY-us, a. Having the qual- Feod, Feoff, etc. See under Fee.
ity of felony malicious villainous perfidious.
; ;
— Feral, fe'ral, a. Wild, —
said of animals or plants,
Felo'niously, adv. Fe'lo-de-se', n. —
A self-mur-
;

formerly domesticated, but running wild. [L. ferus,

derer; a suicide. [LL., lit. a felon upon himself.] wild. See Ferocious.] Feline, -rin, a. Wild ; —
Felspar. Felspathic. See Feldspar. untamed; savage,
Felt. See Feel. Feretory, fSr'e-to-rT, n. A portable bier or shrine for
Felt, felt, n. Cloth or stuff of wool, or wool and fur, relics of saints tomb in which their bodies are de-
;

not woven, but wrought into a compact substance posited. VL.feretrum, fr. ferre, to carry, Gr. phere-
by rubbing or beating a hat made of wool. ; v. t. — tron, fr. pherein.]
To make into, or cover with, felt. [D. vilt, Sw. and Ferial, felt-al, a. Pert, to holidays. [L. feria, holi-
Dan. Jilt, G. filz. Gr. pilos, felt, L. pileus, a felt hat day.]
s. rt. filter.'} —
Felt'ing, n. Material of which felt is Ferment, fer'ment, n. That which causes fermenta-
made; felt-cloth. tion heat tumult. [L. fermentum, yeast, contr. for
; ;

Felucca, fe-luk'ka, n. {Naut.) vessel, with oars A fervimentum, fr. fervere, to boil, ferment.] Fer- —
and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. [It. ment', v. t. To cause ferment or fermentation in. —
feluca, Sp.faluca, fr. Ar.ful/c, ship.] v. i. To undergo fermentation, work, effervesce; to
Felwort, f el'wSrt, n. A plant a species of gentian. ; be active or excited.— Ferment' able, a.— Fermenta'-
[Prob. corrup. of field-wort.'] tlon, n. That effervescent change of organic sub-
Female, fe'mai, n. One of the sex that bears young. stances by which their starch, sugar, gluten, etc.,
{Bot.) A
plant which bears the pistil, is impreg- under the influence of moisture, air, and warmth, are
nated by pollen of male flowers, and produces fruit. decomposed and their elements recombined in new
— a. Pert, to the sex which conceives and gives compounds; active state of the intellect or feelings.
birth, or to an individual of the female sex char- ;
— Saccharine fermentation changes starch and gum
acterise* of the sex feminine. {Bot.) Having
; into sugar ; vinous converts sugar into alcohol; ace-
pistils and no stamens pistillate. [OF. femelle, fe-
; tous changes alcohol and other substances into vine-
male, fr. L. femella, young woman, dim. of femina, gar viscous converts sugar into a mucilaginous sub-
—
;

woman; perh. s. rt. fetus.] Female rhymes. (Pros.) stance putrefactive attends the decomposition of
Double rhymes, or rhymes in which two syllables
;

substances containing nitrogen. Fermenfative, —

(in French called/emaZe syllables), an accented and -tiv, a. Causing, or consisting in, etc.
an unaccented one, correspond at the end of each Fern, fern, n. (Bot.) An order of cryptogamoua
line. —
F. screw. The spiral-threaded cavity into plants, having their fructification on
which another screw turns. — Feminine, -T-nin, a. the back of the fronds or leaves. [AS.
Pert, to woman womanish womanly having the
; ; ; fearn, D. varen, fern, G.farnkraut, lit.
qualities of a female; modest, graceful, affectionate, feather-plant, Skr. parna, feather,
confiding; lacking manly force or vigor, effeminate. leaf, tree.] — Fern'y, -t, a. Abound-
{Gram.) Having a form belonging esp. to words ing in, or overgrown with, fern.
which are epithets of females. [OF. feminin, L. Ferocious, fe-ro'shus, a. Indicating
feminius.]— Femininity, -tt, n. Quality or nature of, cruelty* ravenous; fierce; savage; bar-
etc. —
Feme- or Femme-covert, fem-kuv'ert, n. barous. [OF. feroce, L. ferox, -ocis,
(Law.) A married woman. See Coverture, under fierce, fr. ferus, wild, fera, Gr. ther,
Cover. [F. femme, OF. feme (L. femina), woman, wild beast perh. s. rt. deer.] Fero'- —
and OF. covert, p. p. of couvrir, to cover.] — Feme-
;

ciously, adv. — Ferociousness, Feroc'-

Fern.
or Femme-sole v -soK, n. A single or unmarried ity, -ros'T-tY, n. State of being, etc. [F. ferocity,
woman. [OF. sol, sole,.L. solus, sole, alone.] L. ferocitas.] Fierce, fers, a. Furious violent — ;

Femoral, fem'o-ral, a. Pert, to the thigh. [L. femur, impetuous, as beasts, storms, etc.; excessively eager
femoris, thigh.] or ardent vehement in cruelty; fell. [OF. fiers, fier,
—
;

Fen, fen, n. Boggy land; moor; marsh. [AS. and Ic. far, L. ferus.] Fiercely, adv. Fierce'ness, n. —
fen, D. i-een, Goth, fani, OHG. fenni, mud Gr. pe- Ferreous, fgr're-us, a. Partaking of, made of, pert, to,
los, mud. L. palus, a marsh.] Fen'ny, -nt, a. Pert, — ;

or like, iron. [L. ferrus, f r. ferrum, iron.] Fer'- —

to, inhabiting, or abounding in, fens swampy. rate, -rat, n. {Chem.) salt consisting of ferricA
Fence, fens, n. That which fends off attack or dan-
;

acid in combination with a base. Fer'ric. a. Pert, —

ger ; a wall, hedge, or other inclosing structure to, or extracted from, iron. [F. ferrique.] —Ferric
about afield, etc., esp. a wooden barrier; self-defense acid. {Chem.) An
acid consisting of one atom of
i — a»

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t8rm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, t5ne, dr ,
 FERRET 203 FIBER
iron and 3 of oxygen. — Fer'rous, -rus, a. Pert, to, — v. i. To bring one's self, move, arrive. — re. A
or derived from, etc., —
said of compounds contain- stratagem trick artifice
; apparition of a living
; ;

ing less iron than ferric compounds. Fer'ro-cy'- — person. [AS. feccan, to fetch, facian, to seek to get,
anate, -si'a-nat, n. (Chem.) A
compound of ier- fr./asc, a space of time, opportunity.] To fetch a —
rocyanic acid with a base.
or derived from, iron and cyanogen.
—
cyanic, a. Pert, to,
-cy'anide, —
compass. To take a circuitous route in going to a
place. —
Tof. a pump. To make it draw water, by
-nid, re. A compound of the proto-cyanide of iron sealing the valves with water poured in at the top
with some other cyanide. —
Ferlotype, -tip, re. A and by rapidly working the handle. — To f. way.
photographie picture taken on an iron plate by a (Naut.) To be shaken from one side to the other.
collodion process. [Gr. tupos, impression.] —Fer- — Fetch'er, n.
ru'ginous, -roc'jt-nus, a. Partaking of, or contain- Fete. See under Feast.
ing particles of, iron resembling iron-rust in ap-
; Fetich, -tish, felish, n. A
material thing, living or
pearance or color. [L. ferrugo, rust, fr. ferrum.] dead, worshiped among certain African tribes. [F.
Ferret, fgr'ret, re. An animal of the weasel kind. [OF. fetiche, fr. Ts.feitigo, sorcery, an African idol, also
furet, LL. furetus ; perh. f r. L. fur, a thief prob. fr. artificial, fr. L.factitius. See Fact.] Fetlchism, —
Armor, fur, W.jfrer, wise, W.fiured, a ferret.] v. t.
;

— -shizm, -cism, -sizm, re. Worship of, etc.; the low

[ferreted, -eting.J To drive or hunt out of a idolatry of Western Africa.
hiding place to search carefully.
; Fetid, fetid, a. Having an offensive smell; stinking.
Ferret, ferlet, re. A kind of narrow tape, of silk or [OF. fetide, ~L.fetidus, fcetidus, ir.fcetere, to stink.]
woolen. [It. fioretto, dim. of fiore, h.fios, a flower.] — Fe'tor, -tor, n. A strong, offensive smell; stench.
Ferret, fer' ret, re. {Glass Manuf.) The iron used to [L.]
try melted matter, to see if it is fit to work, and to Fetlock, fetlok, re. The part of the leg where the
make the rings at the mouths of bottles. tuft of hair grows behind a horse's pastern joint.
Ferrule, fSrlil or fSrlool, n. A
ring of metal round See Horse. [Perh. fr. Ic./e«, a pace, step, Sw. fiat,
the end of a cane, tool-handle, etc., to prevent split- Dan. fed, footprint, footstep; or fr. Ic. feti, Dan.
ting. [OF. virole, LL. virola, L. viriola, dim. of fed, skein of thread or fr. Ic. fit, webbed foot of
;

virtu, a bracelet, fr. viere, to twist, bind round.] ducks, etc. (all s. rt. foot), and Ic. lokkr, AS. locc,
Ferry, fe"r'ri, v. t. [-eied (-rid), -eying.] To trans- lock (of hair).]
port over a river or other water, in a boat. v. i. To — Fetter, fetler, re. A chain for the feet;
anything that
pass over water in a boat. re. — A
vessel in which confines a restraint.
; v. t. —
[fettered (-terd),
passengers and goods are conveyed over water a ; -teeing.] To put fetters on, shackle, bind; to im-
wherry place where persons or things are carried
;
E3se restraints on, confine. [AS. fetor, feter, D. veter,
across water, in ferry-boats right of carrying per-
; .pedica, Gr. pede, a fetter, Skr. paduka, a shoe.]
sons, animals, or goods across water, for hire. [AS. Fetus, felus, re. ; pi. Fetuses, -ez. The growing em-
ferian, to carry, fr.faran, to fare, go, Ic. ferja, Dan. bryo of a viviparous animal, esp. an unborn child.
fserge, Sw. farja, to carry, ferry, also, a ferry. See [L., a bringing forth, offspring, also fruitful, f r. oba.
Fare.] — Ferriage, -rt-ej, re. The fare, or price feo, to generate, produce (s. rt. fui, I was, futurus,
— A
paid at a ferry. Fer'ry-boat, n.
veying passengers, etc., over water.
-men. One who keeps a ferry.
boat for con-
—
man, re. ; pi.
future), Gr. phuein, to beget, phuesthai, to grow,
Skr. bhu, AS. beon, to be.]
Feud, fad, n. A
—
Fe'tal, a. Pert, to, etc.
combination of kindred to revenge
Fertile, fer'til, a. Producing fruit in abundance; pro- injuries to any of their blood, on the offender and
lific
; productive rich. (Bot.) Capable of produ-
; all his race; an inveterate strife between families,
cing fruit. [OF., ~L.fertilis, ir.ferre,to bear.]— Fer'- clans, or parties in a state deadly hatred fray; ;

tilely, adv. — Ferlileness, -tillty, re. State of be- contest strife. [AS. fsehdh, G.fehde, Goth, fijath-
;
;

ing, etc. — Fer'tilize, -Hz, v. t. [-lized (-lizd), -li-
zing.] To make fertile, fruitful, or productive to
enrich. — Fer'tilizaliion, re. Act or process of, etc.
{Bot.) Process by which the pollen renders the ovule
fertile. — Fer'tiliz'er, re.
Ferule, f erlil or f grlool, n. A flat piece of wood, for
punishing children.— v. t. [feruled
-uling.] To punish with a ferule.
tr.ferire, to strike.]
Fervent, fgr'vent, a. Hot; boiling; warm in feeling;
wa, hatred; AS. fah, hostile; Dan. feide, a quarrel,
; also to war upon.]
Feud, Feudal, Feudalism, etc. See under Fee.
Feuilleton, fg'ye-tawN, n. A part of a French news-
paper, devoted to light literature, criticism, etc. [F.,
h.feuille, leaf. See Foil, re.]
(-rild or -ruld), Fever, fe'vSr, re. (Med.) A
diseased state of the sys-
[F.; L. ferula, tem, marked by increased heat, acceleration of the
pulse, and a derangement of the functions. Strong
excitement of any kind a season of excitement. ;

ardent in temperament earnest vehement

; ani-; ; [OF. fevre, Tu.febris, fever, lit. trembling; Gr. phobos,
mated. [OF.; L. fervens, -ventis, p. pr. of fervere, to fear, AS. bifian, G. beben, to tremble, Skr. bid, to
boil; s. rt. brew.) —
Fer'vently, adv. Fer'vency, — fear.] —
Fe'verish, a. Affected by; pert, to, indica-
-st, re. State of being, etc. —
Fer'vid, a. Very hot; ting, or like, fever. —
Fe'verishness, re.— Fe'verfew,
burning; boiling; ardent; vehement; zealous. [L. -fu, A plant allied to chamomile, supposed to
re. —
fervidus.] — Fer'vidly, adv. —
Fer'vor, -ver, re. have febrifugal qualities. [Corrupt, fr. AS. fefer-
Heat; excessive warmth; intensity of feeling or ex- fuge, L. febrifuga, fever-dispelling, fr. ~L.fugare, to
pression; zeal. [OF. and L.] put to flight.] —
Fe'ver-tree, re. A name for the
Fescue, fes'ku, re. A straw, wire, stick, etc., to point Eucalyptus globulus, or Australian blue-gum tree,
out letters to children learning to read. v. t. [fes- —
which dispels miasma.
cued (-kud), -cuing.] To assist in reading by a fes- Few, fu, a. Not many; small, limited, or confined in
cue. [OY.festu, ~L.festuca, stalk, little stick.] number, — indicating a small portion of units con-
Fosse, Fess, fes, re. (Her.) A band drawn horizon- stituting a whole. [AS. fea, Ic. far, Dan./aa, Sw.
tally across the center of an escutcheon; one of the 9 fa, L. paucus, Gr. pauros. ] Few'ness, re. State of
— —
honorable ordinaries. [L. fascia, band, girth.] being few; smallness of number; paucity; brevity.
Fesse'-point, re. The exact center of the escutcheon. Fez, fez, re. A red, brimless cap, worn by Turks, etc.
See Escutcheon. Fiacre, fe-a'kr, re. A French hackney-coach. [F.]
Festal, Festival, Festive, etc. See under Feast. Fiance, re. m. ; -cee, fe-aN'sa, re. /. One who is be-
Fester, feslSr, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -teeing.] To trothed. [F., p. p. of fiancer. to affiance.]
grow virulent, corrupt, rankle, suppurate; to become Fiasco, fe-as'ko, re. (Mus.) failure in a musical A
malignant and invincible, —
said of passions. v. t. — performance. A
failure of any kind. [It.]
To nurse, as something that rankles. re. sore — A Fiat, fi'at, n. A
command to do something ; a de-
which rankles and discharges corrupt matter; a pus- cree. [L., let it be done, f r. fio, fieri, pass, otfacere,
tule; a festering or rankling. [A form of foster.'] to make.]
Festoon, fes-toon', re. A
garland, wreath, etc., hang- Fib, fib, re. A
lie or falsehood. v.i. [fibbed (fibd),
ing in a curve. —
v. t. [festooned -bing.] To lie, speak falsely. [Abbr. of fable.]
(-toond'), -tooning.] To form in, or Fiber, -bre, fi'ber, re. One of the delicate, thread-like
adorn with, festoons. [F. and Sp. portions of which tissues of plants and animals are
feston, It. festone, LL. festo, -tonis partly constituted; any fine thread, or thread-like
perh.fr. LL. festum, holiday; perh. substance; esp., one of the rootlets of a plant. See
fr. lAj.festis, OF. fest, top, ridge.] Root. [F. fibre, L. fibra; s. rt. fringe.] Fi'brous., —
Fetal. See under Fetus. i7„„*„„». -brus, a. Having, or consisting of, fibers. FKbril, —
Fetch, fech, v. t. [fetched (fecht),
Destoon. re. A small fiber branch of a fiber. Fibrillose, —
fetching.] Togo and bring; to get; to bring,— as,
;

fi-briK- or fib'ril-los, a. Composed of fibrils. —

to obtain as price or equivalent, sell for; or, to recall Fibrinous, -lus, a. Pert, to, or formed of small
from a swoon; or, to reduce, throw; to bring to ac- fibers, as the cap of a mushroom. Fi1>rine, -brin, —
complishment, make, do; to reach, arrive at, attain. re. (Chem.) A peculiar organic compound found
sun, cQbe, full ; moon, tdbi ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNborr, chair, get.
 ; ;

FIBULA 204 FIGURE

in animals and vegetables, and also contained in the
clot of coagulated Dleod.
-piece, n. field-gun.
(Mil.) A
sport, re.
sion in the field, as shooting and hunting.
— —
Diver,
work,
Fibula, fib'u-la, n. ; pi. -\.m, -le. clasp or buckle. A re. (Mil.) A temporary work thrown up by troops
(Anat.) The outer and smaller bone of the leg. in the field. "Work done out of doors, as, (Surv.)
(Surg.) A needle to sew up wounds. [It. and L., a work with the chain and compass, etc., disting. fr.
buckle, contr. iorfigibula, fr. L. figere, to fasten.] calculations (Bot.), collection of specimens for
;

Fichu, f e-shoo r , re. A

cape, usually of lace, worn by analysis; ( Geol), excursions for study, etc.— Field'-
ladies over neck, bosom, and shoulders. [F. See Fix.] fare, -far, n. A bird of the thrush kind. [AS. felde-
Fickle, fik'1, a. Liable to change or vicissitude; of fare, and faran, to fare, travel over.]
fr. feld
changeable mind; wavering; irresolute; unstable; Fiend, fend, n. An implacable or malicious foe; the
mutaole; capricious. [AS. ficol, fr. fie, fraud, facen, devil an infernal being. [AS. feond, p. pr. of
;

OS. fekn, deceit, Ic.fetkn, an evil, portent.] Fick'- — feogan, to hate, D. vijand, Dan. and Sw. fiende, G.
leness, re. Instability. feind ; s. rt. foe.] Fiend'ish, a. — Like a fiend
Fictile, fik'til, a. Molded into form by art. [L. fictilis, malignant. —
Fiend'ishly, adv.
;

fr. fingere, fictum, to shape ; s. rt. feign, figure.] — Fierce, etc. See under Ferocious.
Fic'tion, -shun, re. Act of feigning, inventing, or Fieri-facias, fVe-ri-fa'shT-as, re. (Law.) judicial A
imagining ; thing invented or imagined, esp. a writ, commanding the sheriff to collect from the
feigned story; fabrication; falsehood. [F. ; L. fictio, goods, chattels, or real estate of the defendant, the
-onis, ir. fingere.) —
Fictitious, -tish'us, a. Feigned; sum recovered in debt or damages. [L., cause it to
counterfeit false.
;
—
Fictitiously, adv. Fig'- — be done.]
ment, n. An invention; fiction. [L. figmentum.) Fiery, etc. See under Fire.
Fid, fid, re. (Naut.) A
bar of wood or iron, to support Fife, fif, n. (Mus.) A
pipe used as a wind-instru-
the topmast. A
bar or pin, to support or steady ment. —
v. i. [fifed (lift), fifing.] To play on a
anything; a tapering pin, to open the strands of a fife. [F.fifre, OHG. pfifa, a fife, G. pfeife. a pipe,
rope in splicing. pfiff, a whistle ; OHG. pfifen, to fife, L. pipare, to
Fiddle, fid'dl, re. (Mus.) A
stringed instrument of chirp; s. rt. pipe.] —
Fif'er, n.— Fife'-rail, n. (Naut.)
music ; violin ; kit. (Bot.) A
perennial plant, a A rail around the mast of a ship.
species of dock. v. t. —
[fiddled (-did), -dling.] Fifteen, Fifth, Fifty, etc. See under Five.
To play on a violin; to shift the hands often, like a Fig, fig, n. (Bat.) A
fruit tree growing in warm
player on a fiddle, and do nothing; to tweedle, trifle. climates; its fruit,
[AS. fidhele, Ic. fidhla, Dan. fir/del, D. vedel, LL. eaten fresh or dried. A
vidula, vitula ; s. rt. viol.) —
Fid'dler, re. A player worthless thing, in con- —
on, etc. ; a kind of small crab. Fid'dle-stick, n. — tempt. (Far.) ex- An
The bow for playing on, etc. Fid'dle-dee-dee', in- — crescence on the frog of a
ter}. An exclamatory phrase, equivalent to Non- horse's foot, resulting
sense!— Fid'dle-fad'dle, re. A trifle; trifling or fussy from a bruise. [F. figue,
talk; nonsense. L. ficus.)
Fidelity, fT-del'T-tT, n. Faithfulness adherence to ; Fight, fit, v. i.[fought
right; esp., adherence to a person or party to which (fawt), FIGHTING.] To
one is bound; loyalty; adherence to ones promise; strive or contend for vic-
veracity; honesty; adherence to the marriage con- tory, contend in arms; to
tract; integrity; faith; fealty. [F. fidelity, L. fidel- act in opposition, make
itas, fr.fidelis, f aithf uL fides, faith, q. v.] resistance. — !'.*. To
Fidget, fij'et, v. i. To move uneasily one way and carry on, or wage (a con-
the other. —
re. Irregular motion; uneasiness; rest- or battle); to contend
flict
lessness; one who fidgets. [Ic.fika, to climb nimbly, with, war against; to
Sw. fika, to hunt after.] —
Fid'gety, -T, a. Restless. cause to fight, manage or
Fiducial, fY-du'shal, a. Having faith or trust; con- maneuver in a fight. re. —
fident; undoubting; of the nature of a trust; fidu- A battle, engagement,
ciarv. [L. fiducia, trust, fr. fidere, to trust.] Fi- — struggle for victory; com- Fig, Leaf and Fruit.
du'cially, adv. With confidence.— Fidu'ciary, -sht- bat; action; conflict. [AS. feohtan, D. vechten, G.
a-rT, a. Confident ; undoubting ; firm holding, ; fechten, to fight, AS. feohte, a fight.] Fight'er, re. —
held, or foundad, in trust.— n. One who holds a Figment. See under Fictile.
thing in trust for another; a trustee. (Theol.) One Figure, fig'ur, n. Form of any thing; shape; outline;
who depends for salvation on faith, without works. structure; appearance; representation of any form
He, fi, interj. An exclamation denoting contempt or by drawing, painting, etc; an image; a pattern cop-
dislike. [OF., Ic, Dan., and Sw.fy, G.pfui, h.phui, ied in cloth, paper, etc.; appearance or impression
phy, Gr. pheu, Skr. phut.] made by one's conduct; a character standing for, or
Fief. See under Fee. representing, a number; a numeral; digit, as 1, 2, 3,
Field, feld, re. Felled ground cleared land place
; ; etc.; value, as expressed in numbers; price; a type
where a battle is fought battle an open space ; ; or representative. (Rhet.) Pictorial language a ;

wide extent an expanse. (Her.) The surface of

;
trope; deviation from rules of grammar. (Logic.)
the shield; any blank space or ground on which The form of a svllogism with respect to the position
figures are drawn. A collective term for all the of the middle term. v. t. —
[figured (-urd), -us-
riders iu a hunting field, fielders in cricket, or com- ing.] To make an image of, by drawing or model-
petitors in any contest, —v. i. In games of ball, to ing; to embellish with designs, mark upon; to indi-
stand out in the field, to catch balls. [AS. and G. cate by numerals; to calculate; to state by a meta-
feld, D. veld, Dim. felt s. rt../e/Z, a hill.] — Field of phor, signify or symbolize; to image in the mind.
ice.
;

A body of floating ice. Field, or/, of view. — (Mus.) To write (figures or other characters) over
In a telescope or microscope, the space within which or under the bass, indicating the accompanying
objects are seen.— To keep the f. (Mil.) To con- chords; to embellish. v. i. —
To make a figure, be
tinue the campaign.— To lay against thef. To back distinguished. [F.; ~L.figura, a figure, thing made,
(a horse, etc.) against all comers in a race. — Field'- fr. rt. of fingere, to form, fashion, feign, Gr. thing-
er, Aplayer in cricket or base-ball who catches ganein, to handle, Skr. dih, to smear, Goth, deigan,
re.
balls struck by the batsman. Field'-book, n. — A to fashion (pottery, etc.); s. rt. dike, dough, feign,
book for entries of measurements taken in the field, fiction, effigy, perh. lady.] —
To cut a figure. To per-
in surveying or civil engineering. col'ors, n. pi. form a conspicuous part. —
To f. out. Tr compute
—
(Mil.) Small flags with which the quartermaster- the amount of.— To f. up. To add, reckon. Fig-
feneral marks out ground for the squadrons and ured bass. (Mus.) An accompaniment indicated by
attalions. —-day. (Mil.) A
day when troops are figures on the bass. —
Fig'ure-head, re. ( Naut.) The
practiced in field exercises and evolutions. -glass, — figure or bust projecting from the bow of a ship.
re. Asmall, powerful telescope or binocle. -gun, — See Ship. A person nominally at the head of an as-
Asmall cannon, used on the battle-field; sociation or enterprize, but lacking ability or au-
n. (Mil.)
field-piece. — hand, n. An agricultural laborer.—
-mar'shal, n. (Mil.) The commander of an army;
thority to control affairs.— Fig'urable, a. Capable of
being brought to a fixed form. —
Fig'urabil'ity, re.—
a military officer of high rank in Germany; the Fig'ural, a. Represented by figure or delineation;
highest military officer in England except the cap- consisting of figures. (Mus.) Figurate. Fig'urate, —
tain-general.— -notes, n. pi (Surv.) Notes made o. Of a certain determinate form or figure. (Mus.)
in the field. —
-officer, n. (Mil.) A military officer Relating to discords discordant figurative.
; Figu-; —
above the rank of captain, and below that of gen- ra'tion, re. Act of giving determinate form. (Mus.)
eral, as a major, lieutenant-colonel, or colonel.— Mixture of concords and rtvwsorde. Fig'urative, —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; Tn, Ice ; 5d<*. <*-»9, 6r
 FILACEOUS 205 FINAL
-tiv. a.Representing by a figure, or by resemblance supply; as much as satisfies; a thill, or shaft of a
typical; representative; used in a tropical sense, as carriage. [AS. fyUan,fullian, ir.ful, full; D. vullen,
a metaphor not literal; abounding in figures of Ic. and Sw. fylla, Goth, fulljan, G. fuellen. See
;

speech; flowery; florid.— Fig'uratively, adv.— Fig'- Full.] —

To fill in. To insert so as to fill. To f. —
urant, -rant, n. m., -urante, -rant, n.f. dancer in A out. To extend or enlarge to the desired limit. —
groups or figures at the opera, but not singly; an ac- Tof. up. To make quite full, occupy completely.—
cessory character who has nothing to say. [F., p. Fili'er, n. —
Fill'ing, n. That which fills up, as, the
pr. of figurer, to figure, dance in figures.] woof in weaving; or a preparation for filling the
Filaceo-UB, Filament, etc. See under File. pores of porous woods, used in cabinet-making.
Filbert, fil'bert, n. (Bot.) The nut or fruit of the Fillibeg, fillY-beg, n. A kilt or dress reaching nearly
cultivated hazel. [Pern, fr. St. PhUibert, whose to the knees, worn in the Highlands of Scotland.
feast is Aug. 22, in the nutting season: the G. name [Ga. filleadhbeag, little plaid, ir.filleadh, plait, fold,
for the nut is Lambertsnuss, St. Lambert's day being and beag, small.]
Sept. 17.1 t. [-liped (-lipt), -lipin'G.]
Fillip, fillip, v. To strike
Filch, filch, v. t. [filched (filcht), filching.] To with the finger nail, jerked from under the thumb.
steal or take privily,— said of petty thefts; to pilfer. — n. A jerk of a finger. (E.flip. See Flippant.]
[Ic. fela, Goth. filhan, to hide, OHG. felahan, to put Fillipeen. Same as Philopena.
together.] —
Filcb/er, n. Filly, fiKIT, n. A
young horse; esp. young mare; fe-
File, fll, n. An orderly succession; a line, row; as, male colt; a lively, roistering, or wanton girl. [Dim.
(Mil.) a row of soldiers ranged behind one another; of foal; Ic.fylja, ft.foli, a foal, q. v.]
a collection of papers, arranged for preservation and Film, film, n. A
thin skin; pellicle; membranous cov-
reference; wire or other contrivance by which papers ering, causing opacity; a slender thread, as one of
are kept in order; fine wire thread of gold or silver; those in a cobweb. v. t. —
To cover with, etc. [AS.
tinsel-covered silk. —v. t. [filed (flld), filing.] and OFries.; s. rt. E. fell, Vf.pilen, skin.] Film'y, —
To set in order, place on file, insert in its proper -T, a. Composed of film, membranous, cobweb-like.
place among arranged papers; to bring before a Filose. See under File.
court or legislative body by presenting papers in a Filter, filler, n. A
piece of woolen cloth, paper, etc.,
regular way. (Law.) To put upon the files or among or a receptacle filled with charcoal, etc., through
the records of a court, —
v. i. (Mil.) To march (sol- —
which liquids are strained. v. t. [filtered (-tern),
diers) in a file or line, one after another. [OF., a -tering.J To purify (a liquid) by passing it through
rank, row, fil, a thread, LL. fila, a string of things, a filter; to filtrate.— v. i. To pass through a filter,
"Li.filum, a thread: s. rt. enfilade, defile.'] —
Rank and percolate. [OF. filtrer, to filter./ewfre, orig. feltre,
file. (Mil.) The body of private soldiers composing piece of felt, filter, L. filtrum, feltrum.
~ OLG.
,G. jilt, D.
an army.— File'-lead'er, n. (Mil.) The soldier in vilt, felt, q. v.] —
FiKtrate, v. t. To filte Filtra'- —
—
,

the front of a file. Fila'ceous, -shus, a. Composed n. Act or process of, etc.
or consisting of threads. —
Filose, -los, a. Ending
,

Filth, filth, n. Foul matter; dirt; nastiness; anything

in a thread-Tike process. —
FU'ament, n. thread, A that defiles the moral character; corruption; pollu-
or thread-like appendage; esp. (Bot.), the thread-like tion. [AS. fyldh, OHG. fulida, fr. AS. and OHG.
part of the stamens supporting the anther: see An- fid, foul, q. v.]- Filth'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] De-
ther. —
Filamenfary, -rf, a. Of the nature of, or filed with
filth; morally impure; nasty; squalid;
formed by, etc. —
Filament'ous, -us, a. Like a gross vulgar.
;
—
Filthily, adv. FiltHlnesB, n. —
—
thread: consisting of filaments. Fil'anders, n. pi. A Fimbriate, fim'brl-at, a. (Bot.) Bordered by filiform
disease in hawks, characterized by filaments of coag- Erocesses thicker than hairs; f ringed. v. t. To —
ulated blood, also by small worms wrapped in a thin em, fringe. [L. fimbriatus, fibrous, fr. fimbi-ia, fi-
net-work near the reins. [F. filandres, f r. L. filum.] ber, fringe.]
— Fil'ature, -chur, n. A drawing out into threads; Fin, fin, n. (Ichth.)
the reeling of silk from cocoons; a reel for drawing One of the projec-
off silk from cocoons; an establishment for reeling. ting, bony, mem-
[LL. filatura, fr. filare, to spin.] —
Fil'iform, a. branous organs
Having the form of a thread or filament. [L. forma, with which a fish
form.] —
Filigree, n. Net-work containing beads; or fish-like animal
ornamental work, executed in fine gold or silver controls its posi-
wire a. Pert, to or made of, etc. [Sp. filigrana, tion and move-
fr. fila (LiL.fila) and grano, grain or fiber of a fab- ments. [AS.
ric] — Fillet, n. A
little band or twist, esp. one to D. vin, Sw. finn,
;

Fins.
encircle the head ; a piece of meat made up of mus- fena, Dan. finne, 1, ventral; 2, anal; 3, caudal; 4,
cles, esp. the fleshy part of the thigh; meat rolled L. pinna.] Fin'- — pectoral; 5, first dorsal; 6, sec-
into a string-like form. (Arch.) A
square ornament, ny, -nt, a. Hav- ond dorsal.
iistel; the longitudinal ridge between the flutings of ing, or pert, to,
a Grecian column, except the Doric. (Her.) kind A fins. — Finless, a.Destitute of, etc. Fin'-toed, —
of ordinary crossing the shield horizontally, —v. t. -tod, a. Having
t connected by a membrane, as
To bind, furnish, or adorn with a fillet. aquatic birds; palmiped; palmated.
\^Ja, fll, n. Asteel instrument, covered with sharp- Finable. See under Fine, n.
edged furrows, for abrading or smoothing hard sub- Final, filial, a. Pert, to the end or conclusion; last;
stances; a shrewd, artful person, cheat, pickpocket. terminating; conclusive; decisive; mortal; respect-
—v. t. [filed (flld), filing.] To rub, smooth, or
'
ing the purpose or ultimate end in view. [OF.;L.
cut away, with a file; to smooth, polish, improve. finalis,tr. finis, the end, for fidnis, lit. a parting, end,
[AS. feci, D.yijl, Dan. fiU, Svr.fil, OHG. figala, G. fr. rt. of findere, to cleave; s. rt. affinity, confine, infi-
feile, Rus'. pila", a file, Skr. pig",'to form, adorn!] nite, etc.] —
Finality, -T-tT, n. Final state; a final or
Filler, n. —
Filing, n. Particle rubbed off by a file. conclusive arrangement, settlement. Filially, adv. —
Filial, fil'yal, a. Pert, to a son or daughter; becom- At the end; ultimately: lastly; completely. —Finale,
ing a child in relation to parents; bearing the rela- fe-nala, re. (3fus.) The end of a piece of music;
tion of a child. [F., Sp., and Pg., fr. L.filius, son, last note; close. [It.]— Fin'-
filia, daughter, ong. infant, fr. telare, Skr. dha, to ial, -1-al, n. The knot, or
suck.] —
Filiate, -T-at, u. t. To adopt as son or bunch of foliage, termina-
daughter. —
Filiation, n. Relation of a child to a ting pinnacles in Gothic
father; the fixing of a bastard child on some one as architecture the pinnacle
;

its father; affiliation. itself.— Finish, v. t. [-ished

Filibuster, fiKl-bus'ter, n. A
lawless military adven- (-isht), -ishing.] To bring
turer, esp. one in quest of plunder; a free-booter, to an end, put an end to,
pirate. —v. i. To act as a filibuster; to obstruct leg- terminate to bestow the ut-
;

islation by persistent dilatory motions on the part of most labor upon, complete,
the minority. [Sp., fr. filibote, flibote, D. vlieboot, E. perfect. n. —
That which
flyboat, a light, swift-sailing vessel.] finishes or perfects; esp. the
Filigree, Fillet, etc. See under File. last hard, smooth coat of
Fill, fil, v.
t. [filled (fild), filling.] To make full; plaster on a wall. [OF. finir,
to supply abundantly, cause to abound; to satisfy, L. finire, fiintum, to finish, fr.
content; to possess and perform the duties of, oc- —
One who, etc.; a machinist. Fi'nite, -nit, a. Lim
eupy, hold; to supply with an incumbent. v. i. To — ited in quantity, degree, or capacity; bounded.
become full, have ah abundant supply, be satiated; Fi'nitely, a'iv. Within limits; to a certain degree
to fill a cup for drinking, give to drink. — n. A full only. —
Fi'nis, re. An end; conclusion. [L.]

sJ5n, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, dien. boxboN, chair, get.
 ;; — —

FINANCE 206^ FIRKIN

—
Finance, etc. See under Fine, n.
Finch, finch, n. One of a family of small singing
birds. [AS. fine, G. fink, OHG. fincho, D. vink ; s.
gan, etc.; manual. -bowl or -glass, n. A glass in
which to wash the fingers at table. plate, n.
strip of metal or porcelain on a door to keep th«
— A
rt. W. pine, a finch, also brisk, smart, gay.] fingers from soiling the paint. post, n. post A
Find, find* v. t. [found (fownd), finding.] To meet with a pointing finger, directing passengers to the
with or light upon accidentally, fall in with; to learn road; sign-post. read'ing, n. Reading, for the
by experience or trial, perceive, experience, detect, blind, by touching letters printed in relief.
feel; to come upon by seeking, discover by study, Finial, Finis, Finish, etc. See under Final.
gain, as the object of effort; to provide for, supply, Finical, etc. See under Fine, a.
furnish; to arrive at, as a conclusion, establish, —v. Finless, Finny, etc. See under Fin.
i. (Law.) To determine as an issue of fact, and de- Finnikin, hn /, nY-kin, n. kind of pigeon, with a A
clare it to a court. n. —
Thing found; a discovery, crest resembling a horse's mane. [Prob. for finical.
esp. ef something archseologically valuable. [AS. See under Fine.]
and OHG. findan, D. vinden, Dan. finde, G. finden, Fiord, fY6rd (one syllable), n. bay or inlet with A
to find, L. petere, to seek, Gr. piptein, Skr. pat, to high banks. [Dan. and Sw.]
fall; s. rt. impetus, pen, feather, petition, appetite.] Fir, fgr, n. — A
tree allied to the pines, valuable as tim-
To find out. To detect, discover. —
To f. fault with. ber. [AS.furh, Ic. and Sw.fura, Da.ri.fyr, W. pyr.]
—
To blame, censure. Tof. om's self. To be, fare.— Fire, fir, n. Evolution of light and heat in the com-
Find'er, n. One who, or that which, finds, esp. bustion of bodies; combustion; state of ignition;
(Astron.), a small telescope, attached to a larger one, fuel in combustion, as on ahearth or in a furnace;
for finding an object readily. —
Finding, n. Thing the burning of a house, etc.; conflagration; ardor
found; discovery; esp. pi., that which a journeyman of passion warmth of imagination enthusiasm
finds or provides for himself; trimmings, as shoe- discharge of fire-arms,
;

v. i. [fired (fird), firing.] — ; ;

bindings, etc. (Law.) That which is found by a To set on fire, kindle; to inflame, irritate; to ani-
jury a verdict. —
Find'ing-store, n. A shop for mate, give life or spirit to; to cause to explode, dis-
;

tools and trimmings used by shoemakers, etc. —

charge. (Far.) To cauterize. v. i. To take fire, —
Fonnd ' ling, fownd '-, n. A child found without be kindled, kindle; to be irritated or inflamed with
a parent or protector. [ME. fundeling, D.vondeling.] passion to discharge fire-arms. [AS., Dan., and
;

Fine, fin, a. Finished; brought to perfection; supe- S-w.fyr, D. vuur, G.feuer, Gr. pur, fire, Skr. pavana,
rior; elegant; beautiful; showy; aiming at effect fire, also pure.] —
Greek fire. An inflammable ma-
over-dressed or over-decked; nice; delicate; exquis- terial, burning with almost inextinguishable vio-
ite; sly; fraudulent; not coarse, gross, or heavy.— v. lence, used in war. —
Onf. Burning. Running<f. —
t. [fined (find), fining.] To make fine, refine, Rapid discharge of fire-arms in succession by a line
purify. [OF. fin, witty, L. finltus, well rounded of troops.— St. Anthony's f. Erysipelas,— an inflam-
(sentence); same as finite : see under Final.] —Fine matory disease which St. Anthony was supposed to
arts. Those arts depending on the imagination, as cure miraculously.— To set onf. To inflame.— Tof.
poetry, painting, sculpture, engraving, and archi- up. To light up the fires of; to grow angry.— Fi'ery,
tecture, —
sometimes restricted to the first two.— -er-Y, a.Consisting of, like, or heated by, fire; ar-
Finely, adv. In a fine or polished manner; deli- dent ; impetuous; irritable; fierce. Fire'-alarm', —
cately; into minute parts; to a thin or sharp edge or n. An alarm given of a conflagration apparatus ;

point. —
Fine'ness, n. —
Fin 'or, n. One who fines or forgiving alarm, as by telegraphic signals. arm,
—
purifies; a refiner.
—
Finding, n. Process of refining.
Fin'ery, -er-T, n. Ornament; decoration; a refin-
ery, furnace for making iron malleable. Fine''- —
—
n. A weapon which acts by the force of gunpowder.
ball, n. (Mil.) A
ball filled with powder or other
combustibles, to be thrown among enemies. lu- A
cferaw, v. t. [-drawn, -drawing.] To sew up a rent,
without doubling the edges, so as to conceal it.
Fine'-drawn, p. a. Drawn out too subtly. Fin'- —
— times exploding. —
minous meteor, passing through the air, and some-
board, n. A chimney-board, to
close a fire-place in summer. brand, n. — piece A
Affectedly fine; fastidious; foppish. — Fin'-
ical, a.
ically, adv.
— Finesse,
— Finicality,
-tT, n. State of being, etc.
Subtilty of contrivance to
fY-nes', n.
of wood on fire one who causes contention and
mischief; an incendiary.
;

—
brick, n. A brick capa-
ble of sustaining intense heat without fusion, usual-
gain a point; artifice; stratagem, —v. i. [finessed ly made of fire-clay. clay, n. kind of clay, A
(-nest'), -sing.] To employ, etc.; in whist, to play chiefly pure silicate of alumina, capable of sustain-
a low card when holding higher, trusting that the ing intense heat.— -com'pany, n. A company of
opponent cannot take it. [F.j men for managing an engine to extinguish fires. —
Fine, fin, n. Money paid to settle a claim, or termi- -crack'er, n. A
small paper cylinder, charged with
nate a matter in dispute; esp. a payment of money a preparation of gunpowder, which, being lighted,
imposed as punishment for an offense; a mulct. explodes with a loud report. damp. n. The ex-
(Feudal Law.) A final agreement concerning lands plosive carbureted hydrogen of coal-mines. eat'-
sum of A er, n. One who pretends to eat fire a fighting char-
or rents between persons. (Eng. Law.)
money
ilege.
paid for obtaining a benefit, favor, or priv-
—
v. t. [fined (find), fining.] To impose a
acter; a hotspur. —
en'gine, n. A forcing pump for
throwing water to extinguish fires. fly, n.
;

A
pecuniary penalty upon; to mulct. [LawL../rais, a winged, luminous insect; an Amer. beetle giving in-
fine, fr. L. finis, an end. See Final.] In fine. In — termittent light from the abdomen; a W. Ind. beetle
conclusion; by way of termination or summing up.
— Fin'able, a. Liable or subject to a fine. —Fi- of the thorax, etc. —
which emits a brilliant light from a spot on each side
i'rons, -i'Srnz, n. pi. Utensils
—
nance, fY-nans', n. The income of a ruler or state;
revenue sometimes, income from an individual
;

pi. available resources. [OF. LL. financia, a pay-

for a fire-place, as tongs, poker, and shovel.
a. Fresh from the forge; bright; quite new.
n. A pan for holding fire; esp., the receptacle for
new,
pan, —
—
;

ment, fr. finare, to pay a fine or tax.] Financial, priming in a gun. place, n. An open recess in a
—
-shal, a. Pert, to finance or public revenue.
nan'cialist, n. One
Fi-
skilled in financial matters.
—
Financier'? -ser r , n. An of-
— —
wall, for a fire, connected with a chimney; a hearth.
plug, n. A place for attaching hose to a water-
—
Financially, adv.
ficer who administers the public revenue ; one
skilled in financial operations. —
v. i. To conduct
pipe; a hydrant.
combustible. —
proof, a. Proof against fire; in-
v. t. To render proof, etc.
ing, n. Act of, or materials by which, etc.
proof-
ship,
——
n. A vessel filled with combustibles, to set fire to an
financial operations.
Finery, Finesse, etc. See under Fine, a. enemy's ships. — wood, —-work,
n.
Any preparation of gunpowder and other inflam-
Wood for fuel,
Finger, fin'gSr, n. One of the 5 terminating members n.
of the hand; a digit; also, one of the 4 extremities mable materials, for making illuminations, pyro-
of the hand, excluding the thumb; the breadth of a technic displays, or explosions in the air, usually —
finger; skill in the use of the fingers, as in music. — in pi.— Fire'lock, n. A gun-lock, discharged by
v. t. [fingered (-erd), -ering.] To touch with the striking fire with flint ana steel a musket with
—
;

fingers, handle; to perform on, or with, the fingers; such a lock. Fire'man, n.; pi. -men. One whose
to touch lightly; to pilfer, purloin. v. i. (Mus.) — business. is to extinguish fires in towns; one who
To use the fingers in playing on an instrument. [AS., tends fires, as of a steam-engine. Fire'side, n. — A
Dan., Sw., and G. finger, D. vingerAa. fingr ; prob. place near the fire or hearth; home; domestie life.—
8. Tt.fang.} — To have a finger in. To be concerned Fire'ward, -ward en, n. An officer who directs in
in. —
To have at the fingers'' ends. To be so familiar extinguishing or guarding against fires.
with a subject as to be able to speak at once concern- Firkin, fer'kin, n. A
measure of capacity, equal to
ing it. — Fin'ger-board, n. (Mus.) The part of a 9 ale gallons, or 7J imperial gallons; a cask of in-
violin, etc., where the pressure of the fingers varies determinate size, —
used chiefly for butter and lard.
the tension of the strings; key-board of a piano, or- [OD., dim. of vier, four =
quarter of a barrel.]

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t5rm ; Yn, Ice ; 8dd, time, fir •,
 FIRM 207 FIX
firm, fSrm, a. Fixed closely compressed
; not ; Fiasip'aroUB. -rus, a (Physiol) Reproducing
easily disturbed: unchanging in purpose; not giv- bv spontaneous fission. [L. parere, to bring forth.]
ing way; solid ; stable stanch sturdy resolute; Fist, fist, n. The hand with the fingers doubled into
constant. —
;

n. The name, title, or style under which

; :

the palm. —
v. t. To strike with the fist. [AS.Jyst
a company transact business a partnership or ; D. wist, OHG. fuust, Russ. piaste, L. pugnus, Gr
house. [OF. ferine, L. firmus ; s. rt. farm, affirm, pugme, the fist; puknos, close, compact; s. rt. pugil-
infirm, etc.] —
Firm'Ty, adv. Firm'ness. n. State — ist, pugnacious.] Fistic, a. — Pert, to boxing;
or quality of being, etc. See Phrenology. Fir'- — pugilistic. —Fist 'icufls, n. pi. combat with the A
mament, n. The region of the air: skv or heavens. fists; boxing.
[OF.; L. firmamentum.] —
Firmament'al, a. Pert, Fistula, fist'u-la, n. ; pi. -L^E.-le. A reed; pipe. (Surg.)
to, etc.] A deep, narrow, chronic abscess. An abnormal open-
Firman, fer'man or fer-man', n. ; pi. -mans. A de- ing from one internal organ to another, caused by
cree of the Turkish or other Oriental government. ulceration or accident [L., a pipe; Gr. psuchein. to
[Per. farman, a mandate, Skr. pramana, a measure, blow.] — Fist'ular, -ulous, -lus, a. Hollow and cyl-
decision, ir.pra (Per. far, Gr. pro), before, and ma, indrical, like a pipe or reed: of the nature of a fist-
to measure.] ula. — Fist'ulate, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula
First, fSrst, a. Preceding all others of a series or kind; — v. t. To make hollow like a pipe. Fistu'liform —
placed in front of all others; foremost; most eminent, a. Having a fistular form; tubular. [L. forma, form.;
exalted, or excellent; primary; primordial; original; Fit, fit, a. Adapted to an end, object, or design:
highest chief; principal.— adv. Before anything
; suitable by nature, art, or culture suitable to a ;

else in time, space, rank, etc., used in composi- — standard of duty, propriety, or taste; proper be- ;

tion. —n. (Mus.) The upper part of a duet, trio, coming; expedient; apt; adequate, —v. t. To make
etc. [AS. fyrst, D. voorste, Ic. fyrstr, Dan. and Sw. fit or suitable, adapt to the purpose intended, quali-
forste; superl. of AS./ore, etc. See Fore.] First''- — i

fy; to bring into a required form: to furnish duly;

ly, adv. In the first place; to commence. At first, — to be suitable to, answer the requirements of. —v.
at the f. At the beginning or origin. F. or last. — i. To be proper or becoming, of the right size, or ad-
At one time or another; at the beginning or end. justed to the desired shape; to suit.—?). Adjust-
First/ -born, a. First brought forth; first in the or- ment; adaptedness. (Mach.) Coincidence of parts
day, n. The name for
der of nativity; eldest.
Sunday among the Society of Friends. floor, n. — in contact. [Ic. fitja, to knit together, Goth, fetjan,
to adorn, Ic. fat, clothing.] —To fit out. To supply
—
To f. up. To furnish
In Eng., the floor or tier of apartments next above
the ground-floor; in U. S., the ground-floor.
n. The fruits earliest gathered; earliest results of
fruit, — with necessaries or means.
with things suitable.— Fitly, adv. Properly.— Fit '-
ness, n. —
Fifter, n. —
Fit'ting, n. Anything used
any action or position. (Feudal Law.) One year's in fitting up. pi. Necessary fixtures.— p. a. Fit;
profits of lands which belonged to the king, on the proper.
death of a tenant who held directly from him. Fit, fit, n. A
sudden and violent attack of a disorder;

fice or spiritual living. —

(Eng. Eccl. Laic.) The first year's profits of a bene-
rate, a. Of the highest
excellence: preeminent in quality, size, estimation,
a convulsion; paroxysm; attack of disease; an at-
tack of anything which masters one for a time; a
passing humor impulsive action; a sudden emis-
;

etc.— First'ling, n. The first off spring, said of — sion ; a song, strain, canto. [AS. fit, a song, also
animals. struggle, Ic./ei, a step, (poetical) foot, part of a
Firth. Same as Frith. poem, Skr. pada, a step, verse of a poem, pad, foot.]
Fiac, fisk, n. The treasury of a prince or state. [F.; — By fits, by fits and starts. By intervals of action
OF. fisque, L. fiscus, purse, orig. basket of rushes; and repose; impulsively and irregularly. Fitful, —
s. rt. confiscate, also, prob., ~L.fasci$, a bundle. See -ful, a. Full of fits irregularly variable
; spas- ;

Fasces.] —
Fisc'al, a. Pert, to the public treasury modic; unstable. —
Fit'fuUy, adv.
or revenue. n. A
treasurer; the king"s solicitor Fitch. Same as Vetch.
in Spain and Portugal. [OF.] Fitchet, fich'et, -ew, -oo, n. A
polecat: foumart. [OF.
Fish, fish, n. ; pi. Fishes, -ez, for which the sing, is fissau, OB.fisse, polecat, D. vies, nasty.]— Fitch, n.
often used collectively. An animal that lives in Fur of, etc. [Contr. of fitchet.}
water. (Zobl.) An oviparous, vertebrate animal, Fitz, fits, n. A
son,— used as a prefix to proper names,
breathing by gills or branchiae, and living almost and, in Eng., of illegitimate sons of kings and princes
entirely in the water. The flesh of fish, used as of the blood. [Norm. F. fiz, filtz, F. fils, L. filius ;
food. —v. i. [fished (fisht), fishing.] To attempt Russ. witch (suffix), son.]
to catch fish; to seek to obtain by artifice, —v. t. To Five, flv, n. A
number next greater than 4, and less
catch, draw out or up to search by raking or
; than 6 the sum of 4 and 1 a symbol representing
; ;

sweeping. (Naut.) To strengthen, as a mast or this number, as 5 or V.— a. 4 arid 1 added 1 more ;

yard, with a piece of timber. (Railroad Enoin.) To than 4. [AS. fif, fife. D. vijf, Dan. and Sw./em, Ic.
splice, as rails, with a fish-joint. [AS. fisc, Ic. fiskr, fimm, Goth, and OHG. fimf, W. pump, L. quinque, Gr.
Dan. and Sw. fisk, D. visch, G. fisch, W. pysg, L. pempe oe,pente. Skr. panchan.] —
Fivefold, a. andarfr.
piscis.] —Fish'er, n. Business of, or place for, ves 5 times repeated; quintuple.— Fives, fivz,
In fivi ;

catching fish. —
Fish'y, -T, a. Consisting of, like, ... pi. A game of ball, resembling tennis, in which
or full of, etc. dubious extravagant, like fisher- three 5s (= 15) make the game. Fifth, a. Next —
men's stories. —
;

Fish'iness, n.
;

Fish'-ball, n. — A after the 4th; being one of 5 equal parts. n. The —

fried cake, made from chopped fish, mashed pota- quotient of 1 divided by 5 one of 5 equal parts. ;

— A (Mus.) The interval between any tone and the tone

——
toes, etc. -beam, n. (Mech.) beam, one of whose
sides swells out like the belly of a fish. crow, n. represented on the 5th degree of the staff above it.
A small piscivorous bird of the U. S. cuTture, n. [AS. fifta.] —
Fifthly, adv. In the 5th place.— Fif-
Artificial breeding of fish; pisciculture. gig, n. teen, -ten, a. 5 and 10 1 more than 14. ; n. The —
A staff, with barbed prongs and line attached, for sum of 5 and 10; a svmbol representing this number,
striking fish.
hook for catching
—
glue, n. Isinglass. — hook, n. A as 15, or XV. [AS. fiftyne.~\— Fifteenth, a. Next
after the 14th being one of fifteen equal parts.
;
—
fish. — -joint, n. n. One of 15 equal parts. —
Fifty, -tT, a. 5 times 10.
(Railroads.) A — n. 5 tens; sum of 49 and 1 svmbol representing,
—
:

splice consisting etc., as 50, or L. [AS. fiftig.'] Fif tieth, a. Next

of fish-plates bolt- after the 49th being one of 50 equal parts.
: n. —
ed to the sides of Quotient of 1 divided by 50 one of 50 equal parts. ;

Fish-joint.
adjacent rails. Fives, fivz, n. A
disease of the glands under a horse's
[F. avives, LG. vivel, It. vivole, LL.
-plate, n.
cing rails.
(Pathol.)
—One
of the wrought-iron plates for spli-

A
mon'ger,
n. seller of fish. A
skin, n.
disease in which the skin becomes
— ear vives.
;

vivola, vivse.]
Fix, fiks, v. t. [fixed (fikst). fixing.] To make firm,
thickened, hard, and scaly. -wife, -wom'an, n. — A stable, or fast; to establish; to hold steadily: as the
woman who sells fish. eye on an object, attention on a speaker, etc. to ;

Fissile, fis'sil, a. Capable of being split, cleft, or implant, pierce: to adjust, set to rights; place in the
divided in the direction of the gram, or of natural manner desired or most suitable, settle, determine,
joints. [L.fissilis, fr. find ere, fissum, to cleave, split.] put in order. v. i. —
To settle or remain permanent-
— Fissil'ity, -tl. n. Quality of being, etc. Fis''- — ly, rest to become firm, cease to flow or to be fluid,
;

sion. fisb/un, n A
cleaving or breaking up into become hard and malleable.— n. difficult position; A
parts. (Physiol.) A
subdividing into 2 parts from predicament; dilemma. [OF. fixe, fixed, settled, p. p.
the progress of natural growth. Fis' sure, fishier, — of ficher, L. figere, fixum, to fix Gr. sphinggein, to
bind, compress.] — Fix'able, a. — Fixa'tion, ».
;

n. A cleft; longitudinal opening. [OF.: L,.fissura.) Act

efin, cube, full ; moon, fo"ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bONboN, chair, get.
 '

FIZZ 208 FLAP

of fixing or establishing; state of being fixed; steadi- ment. — (Bot.) Long, narrow,
Flagel'liform, a.
ness constancy act of uniting chemically with a
; ; and a whip. [L. forma, shape.]
flexible, like Flail, —
solid substance, or of ceasing to be fluid and be- flal, re. An
instrument for threshing or beating
coming firm; state of resistance to evaporation or grain from the ear. [OF. flael, fr. L. flagellum.}
volatilization by heat. Fix'ative, -tiv, re. Any- — Flageolet, flaj'o-let', re. (Mus.) A wind-instrument,
thing that fixes; in dyeing, a mordant.— Fixed, fikst, having a mouth-piece at one end, and 6 principal
p. a. Settled established firm. —Fixed ammuni-
; ; holes. [OF., dim. of flageol, dim. fr. LL. flauta,
tion. (Mil.) Ammunition composed of the pow- a flute, q. v.]
der and projectile united, so as to be inserted into a Flagi'tious, fla-jish/us, re. Disgracefully or shame-
fire-arm at the same time. F. oils or alkalies. — fully criminal ; guilty of enormous or scandalous
(Chem.) Such as remain in a permanent state, and crimes or vices; atrocious; flagrant; heinous; aban-
are not readily volatilized. F. stars. (Astron.) — doned. [L. flagitiosus, f r. flagitium, a shameful act,
Such as always retain the same apparent position fr.flagitare, to act violently, ir.flagrare, Gr. phleg-
and distance. Fix'edly, adv. —Fix'edness, n. — — ein. to burn ; Skr. bhraj, to shine s. rt. bright.} ;
—
Fixing, n. That which is fixed a fixture ; also, ; — Fla'grant, a. Flaming; burning; in preparation or
colloq., arrangements, embellishments, trimmings, performance raging ; flaming into notice notori-
etc. —Fixity, -I-tl, n. Fixedness coherence of
;

ous flagitious ; glaring enormous. [OF. ; L. fia-

;

—
;

—
; ;

parts. Fixature, -chur, n. That which is attached grans, p. pr. of flagrare.} Fla'grantly, adv. —
to something as a permanent appendage; fixedness. Fla'grancy, -si, re. Heinousness enormity. Fla- —
(Law.) Anything accessory annexed to houses and gitiously, adv. Flagi'tiousness, re. — ;

lands, so as to constitute a part of them. Flagon, flag'un, n. A

vessel with a narrow mouth,
Fizz, fiz, Fiz'zle, -zl, v. i. To make a hissing sound; for holding liquors. [OF flacon, fltiscon, LL. fiasco, '.

to fail of suecess in an undertaking, bungle. re. — A ir.fiasca, a flask, q. v.]

failure, or abortive attempt. [Onomat.J— To fizzle Flail. See under Flagellate.
out. To burn with a hissing noise and then go out, Flake, etc. See under Flag, a stone.
like wet gunpowder ; to fail completely and ridicu- Flambeau, flam'bo, re. pi. -beaux, -bo, or -beaus, •

lously, prove a failure.— Fiz 'gig, -gig, re. fishgig;
9 gadding, flirting girl ; a firework which makes a
fizzing or hissing noise when it explodes.
Flabby, flab'bl, a. Yielding to the toueh, and easily
moved or shaken; wanting firmness; flaccid. [S. rt.
flap, flag, v. ; OD. fiahbe, the tongue, Sw. dial, flabb,
the hanging under lip of animals, Dan. flab, the
A -boz. A flaming torch, used in illuminations, pro-
cessions, etc. [F., fr. OF. fiambe, a flame, q. v.]
Flame, flam, re. A stream of burning vapor or gas; a
blaze; burning zeal; passionate excitement or strife;
warmth of affection; a sweetheart. v.i. [flamed —
(flamd), flaming.] To burn with rising, stream-
ing, or darting fire; to blaze to break out in vio- ;

chops.] —
Flab'biness, re. lence of passion. [OF.; 'L.flamma, aflame. See Fla-
Flabelliform, fla-bel'll-fdrm, a. (Bot.) Fan-shaped. gitious.] —
Flanry, -I, a. Blazing; flame-like; com-
[L. flabellum, fan, and forma, shape.] posed of flame. Flameless, a. —
Flame'-colored, —
Flaccid, flak'sid, a. Yielding to pressure for want of -kuKerd, a. Of the color of flame; bright yellow.—
firmness; soft and weak; limber; lax; flabby. [OF. Flammiferous, -er-us, a. Producing, etc. £L./erre,
flaccide, L. flaccidus, fr. flaccus, flabby.] Flac'- — to bear.] —
Flammiv'omous, -mus, a. Vomiting
cidness, -cid'ity, re. State of being, etc. flames, as a volcano. [L. vomere, to vomit.] Fla- —
Flag, flag, v. i. [flagged (flagd), -ging.] To hang mingo, -min'go, re. bird of a A
loose without stiffness to beloose and yielding; to
; bright red color, having long legs i
grow spiritless or dejected, lose vigor, droop, lan- and neck, and a beak bent down
guish, pine. —
v. t. To let fall into feebleness. [Ic. as if broken. [Sp. and Pg. fla-
flakka, to rove about, flaka, to flap, be loose, Sw. menco, fr. Proven, flammant,
flacksa, Ic. flogra, G. flackem, to flutter; OD. flak- flambent, lit. flaming, — fr. its
keren, to flicker, waver.] Flag'gy, -gl, a. Weak ; — color.]
limber; insipid. —
Flag'giness, re. Flamen, fla'men, re. ; E. pi. -mens
Flag, flag, F.-stone, n. A
flat stone used for paving. — L. pi. Flam'ines, flam'T-nez.
;

v. t. To lay with flat stones. [Ic. and Sw. flaga, a (Rom. Antiq.) A priest devoted to
slab of stone, Ic. flag, spot where turf has been cut the service of a particular god,
out, flakna, to flake off, split, flagna, to flake off ; s. from whom he received a distin-
rt. flay, flaw, floe.} Flag'ging, re. — pavement of, A fuishing epithet. [L., perh. for
etc. ; flag-stones collectively. Flake, re. film; — A aginen, one who burns (a sacri-
flock ; lamina; layer scale a platform of hurdles,
; ; fice) see Flagitious
: perh. for ;

for drying codfish, etc. (Naut.) stage hung over A fit unen, one who wears a filum, Flamingo.
a ship's side, for workmen to stand on in calking, fillet.]
etc. — v. t. [flaked (flakt), flaking.] To form Flaneur, fla-ner', re. One who strolls about idly a
into flakes. — v. i. To separate, in layers, peel or lounger: loafer. [F., fx.fianer, to stroll.]
;

scale off. — Flake'-white,

(Paint.) The purest re. Flank, flank, re. The fleshy part of an animal's side
white lead in flakes or scales ; a subnitrate of bis- between the ribs and hip; see Beef, Horse. (Mil.)
muth, or pearl-white. —
Flak'y, -I, a. Consisting The side of an army the extreme right or left. ;

of, or like, etc. (Fort.) That part of a bastion which reaches from
Flag, flag, re. A
cloth to wave in the wind, usually the curtain to the face, and defends the opposite
bearing a device and attached at one end to a staff; face sec Bastion. (Arch.) The side of a building.
:

military or naval ensign or colors; banner; standard. — v. t. [flanked (flankt), flanking.] To stand
(Bot.) An aquatic plant, with ensiform leaves, at the flank or side of, border upon to overlook the ;

which flutter in the wind. v. t. To signal to with — flank of, pass around or turn the flank of. v. i. To —
a flag. [Dun. flag, Sw. flagg, D. vlag, G.flagge. See border, touch to be posted on the side. [F. flanc,
;

Flag, v. i.} —Black flag. One showing that no mercy lit. weak part (cf. G. vjeiche, softness, also flank,
will be shown to the vanquished. F. of truce. — A side), fr. L. flaccus, soft, weak. See Flaccid.] —
white flag displayed to an enemy when making Flank'er, re. One who, or that which flanks. v. t. —
some communication not hostile. Bed f. One — To defend by lateral fortifications ; to attaek side-
displayed as a sign of defiance and invitation to ways. [F. flanquer.} Flange, flanj, re. —
projecting A
battle. —
To hang out the white f. To ask quarter, edge or rim, as of a carwheel, to keep it on the rail,
or manifest a friendly design. To hang the f. half- — or of a casting, by which it may be fastened to some-
mast high, or half-staff. To raise it only half way, thing else. v. t. —
[flanged (flanjd) flanging.]
as a token of mourning. To strike or lower the f. — (Much.) To make a flange on. v.i. To be bent —
To pull it down in token of respect, submission, or into a flange, take the form of a flange. [OF. flanch-
surrender. — Flag'gy, -gl, a. Abounding with flags ere, a flanker, side piece.]
(plants). — Flag-'giness, — The A soft, nappy, woolen cloth,
commander of a squadron.
nals with flags. ship,
re.

— The
Flag'-of'ficer, n.
man, re. One who
ship of the com-
sig-
Flannel, flan'nel, re.
of loose texture. [Prov.E. fiannen, W. gwlanen, fr.
gwlan, wool s. rt. wool.}
manding
re.

officer of a squadron, bearing his flag. — ;

Flap, flap, re. Anything broad and limber that hangs

-staff, re. ; pi. -staffs. A
pole bearing a flag. loose, or attached by one side or end and easily
Flagellate, flaj'eHat, v. t. To whip ; scourge. [L. moved the motion of such an object, or a stroke
;

flagellare, -latum, fr. flagellum, dim. of fiagrum, with it, or the noise made by a stroke. (Surg.) A
scourge.] —
Flagella'tion, re. flogging; discipline A piece of skin and flesh left attached to the stump in
of the scourge. —
Flag'ellant, re. (Feci. Hist.) One amputation, made to cover the end of the bone. pi.
of a fanatical sect, who maintained that flagellation (Far.) A
disease in horses' lips. v. t. [flapped —
was of equal virtue with baptism and the sacra- (flapt), -ping.] To beat with a flap, strike; to move,

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Bdd, tone, 6r ;
^
 FLARE 209 FLEECE
as something flap-like. — r. To move (wings, etc.); alimentary i. canal; windy; generating wind in the
to fall and hang like a flap.
[D.flappen, to flap, flap, stomach; turgid with air. [F., fr. L. flatus, a breath,
a stroke, blow ~L.plaga, a blow, E.flag. See
s. rt. blowing, prop. p. p. of. flare, to blow.] Flat'ulence, —
Flag, v. i.l
:

— Flap'per. n.
One who, or that which, -lency, -si, n. State or condition of being, etc. —
etc.; a half-grown wild duck. Flap'-drag'on, ». — Fla'tns, n. A
puff or blast of wind; wind in the
A game in which the players eat raisins snatched stomach, etc. [L.]
from burning brandy. eared, -erd, a. Having Flaunt, flant, v. i. To throw or spread out, move os-
broad, loose ears. —
-jack. n. A broad pan-cake. tentatiously, —v. t. To display ostentatiously. [Sw.
Flare, flar, v. i. [flared (flard), flaking.] To burn dial, flanka, to wave about, flakka, to waver, Bava-
with a glaring and waving flame to shine out with ; rian flandern, to flutter, flaunt; s. rt. flag, v. i., q. v.]
a sudden, unsteady light; to be exposed to too much Flautist. See under Flute.
light; to open or spread outward.— n. An unsteady, Flavor, fla'vSr, n. Odor; fragrance; that quality of
hroad, offensive light leaf of lard. [Norwegian anything which affects the taste; relish; savor; that
flara, to blaze, flame, flar, show, tinsel, Sw. dial.
;

which imparts a peculiar odor or taste. v. t. [fla- —

flasa, to blaze, burn furiously, flora upp, flossa up, vored (-v6rd), -voring.] To give flavor to. [LL.,
to blaze, flash, or flush up s. rt. blaze, flash, flush.] gold coin, fr. L. flavus, yellow; OF. flairer, to ex-
To flare up. To break into a passion. Flare'-up,
;

— hale an odor, fr. Ju.fragrare. See Fragrant.] —

n. A sudden passion or passionate controversy. Fla'vorous, -us, a. Imparting flavor; pleasant to the
Flash, flash, n. A
sudden burst of light momentary ; taste or smell.
blaze, brightness, or show an instant very brief ; ; Flaw, flaw, n. A
bursting or cracking; a breach; gap;
period the slang language of thieves, tramps, etc. fissure. (Naut.) A
sudden gust. tumult, quar- A
— ;

a. Low and vulgar; slang. v. i. [flashed — rel; any defect made by violence or neglect; blem-
(flasht), flashing.] To break forth, as a sudden ish; imperfection; speck. — v.t. [flawed (flawd),
flood of light, show momentary brilliancy to burst ; flawing.] To break, violate. [Sw. flaga, a flaw,
forth with a flood of flame and light to make a ; crack, flake. See Flag, a stone.] — Flaw'y, -T, a.
quick and unexpected transit. v. t. To send out — Full of flaws or cracks; subject to gusts of wind.
in flashes, convey by a flame, or by a quick and start- Flax, flaks, n. (Bot.) A
plant having a single, slen-
ling motion. [Sw. dial, flasa (see Flare), Ic. flasa, der stalk, with blue flowers: the fiber
to rush, flas, a headlong rushing.] Flash in the — of the bark is used for making thread
pan. An effort without effect, like a flash of prim- and cloth, called linen, carntrnc, lawn,
ing which fails to fire the charge in the gun. — lace, etc.; linseed oil is expressed from
Flasb/y, -T, a. Dazzling for a moment shewy the seed. The fibrous part of the flax
gaudy ; insipid ; vapid. — Flasb/ily, -It,
;

adv. — ;

plant, when broken and cleaned by

FlasbZ-house, n. A house frequented by thieves, hatcheling or combing. [AS. fleax, D.
etc.,where stolen goods are received. vlas, OHG. vlahs. flahs, G. flachs;
Flask, flask, n. A narrow-necked vessel for holding prob. s. rt. Goth, flahta, a plaiting of
fluids a powder-horn. (Founding.) A box con- the hair, Gr. plekein, to plait, weave.]
;

taining the sand forming the mold. [AS. flasc, Ic. — Flax'en, a. Made of, or like, flax.
and Sw. flaska, ORG. flasca, G. flasche, W.fflasg, — Flax'y, -T, a. Like flax; of light
prob. fr. LL. flasca, a flask, perh. fr. rt. Gr. ekphla- color; fair. —
Flax'-comb, n. A toothed
nein, to spout forth ; s. rt. flagon, q. v.] instrument through which flax is
flat, flat, «. Having an even and horizontal surface drawn
lying at full length; level with the earth prostrate;
fallen laid low ruined ; wanting relief or variety ;
; hatchel. —
in preparing it for spinning; a
dress'er, n. One who breaks
and swingles flax, or prepares it for
—
;

—
;

monotonous ; lacking liveliness, said of commer- the spinner. Flax'seed, n. Seed of

cial exchange and dealings; depressed; dull; not re- the flax plant; linseed.
lieved, broken, or softened; clear ; absolute ; down- Flay, fla; v. t. [flayed (flad), flaying.] Flax.
right. (Mus.) Below the true pitch, hence, as — skin. strip off the skin of. [AS.
applied to intervals, minor, or lower by a half -step ; flean, Ic.fla; s. rt. flag, a stone, flake, flaw, flo
not sharp or shrill; not acute. (Pron.) Uttered with Flayer,
voice instead of breath; spoken, in distinction from Flea, fle, n. A
6mall insect remarkable for its agility
whispered vocal sonant, said of certain conso-
; — and troublesome bite. [AS.; D. vloo, Ic.flo, G.floh;
nants, as 6, d, z, etc.
;

adv. Directly plainly. — ; perh. Skr. plu, to jump, L. pulex, flea..]— A flea
s. rt.
(Stock Exch.) Without allowance for accrued in- in the ear. An unwelcome hint or unexpected re-
terest. n.— A
level surface without elevation or ply,
„ ,annoying like a flea. —
Flea'-bane, n. (Bot.)
prominences; a low, level tract of ground a shoal ne of various plants, supposed to drive away fleas.
One
shallow strand a floor or story
;

platform car on railroads

;a building a
the flat part, or side, of ;
m
;

; — bite, -biting, n. The bite of a flea, or spot caused

by it; a trifling wound. —
bit'ten, a. Bitten by a
anything; a dull fellow; simpleton. (Mus.) A char- flea; white, flecked with dots of bay or sorrel, said —
acter [b] before a note, indicating a tone a half-step of the color of horses, dogs, ete.; mean; worthless,
or semitone lower. v. t. —
To make flat, flatten, or of low birth or station.
level; to render dull, insipid, or spiritless; to depress Fleam, flem, n. (Surg. & Far.) A
sharp instrument
in tone, as a musical note, esp., to lower in pitch by for opening veins to let blood; a lancet. [F.flamme,
half a tone. v. i. —
To become flat, or flattened. D. vlijm, MHG. fliedeme, abbr. fr. LL. flevotomum,
(Mus.) To fall from the pitch. \lc. flatz, Sw. flat, phlebotomum, Gr. phlebotomon, a lancet, fr. phleps, a
Dan. flad ; prob. s. rt. D. vlak, G. flach, flat, Gr. vein, and temnein, to cut.]
plax, a flat surface (s. rt. plaque, plain, a. v.) prob. Fleche, flash, n. (Fort.) A
field-work consisting of 2
not s. rt. Gr. platus, broad.] Flat'ly, adv. Evenly; — ;

faces, forming a salient angle, pointing outward.

horizontally; dully; frigidly; peremptorily; plainly. [F., orig. an arrow.]
— Flat'ness, n. —
Flaftish, a. Somewhat flat. — Fleck, flek, n. A
spot, streak, speckle, dapple. v. t. —
Flafwise, a. or adv. With the flat side downward, [flecked (flekt), flecking.] To spot, streak or
or next to another object; not edgewise.— Flat'-eap, stripe, variegate, dapple. [Ic. flekkr, a spot, flekka,
n. Writing paper in reams or bundles, unfolded, to spot; Sw. flack, r\.,flacka, v.; D. vlek, n., vlekken,
usually 14 by 17 inches in size. fish, n. fish of A v.;G. fleck, n., flecken, v.] —
Flick, v. t. and i.
a flattened form, which swims on the side, and has [flicked (flikt), flicking.] To strike with a quick,
— A slight blow, jerk.
both eyes on one side, as the flounder, halibut, etc.
— footed, a. Firm-footed; determined.
An iron for smoothing cloth; a sad-iron. Flat'ten,
i'ron, n.
—
— light blow. n.
Flection, Flector.
Fledge, flej, v. t.
Same as Flexion, etc., under Flex.
[fledged (flejd), fledging.] To
-tn, v. t. [-tened (-tnd), -tening.] To level, make supply with the feathers necessary for flight, fur-
flat to throw down; prostrate, depress, deject to nish with any soft covering. [Ic. fteygr, able to fly,
;

make vapid or insipid. (Mus.) To lower the pitch

;

fleygja, to make to fly, fr. fljuga. See Fly.] —

of. — v. i. To become flat.
Flatter, flafter, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
gratify, coax, wheedle; to gratify the self-love, van-
ity, and pride of; to please by artful commendation,
or with false hopes. [OD. flatteren, OF. flater, flat-
ter, OSw.fleckra, to flatter, Sw. dial, fleka, to caress,
OHG. flehon, G.flehen, to beseech.] Flafterer, n.
— Flat'tery, -T, n. Act of, etc.; adulation; compli-
ment; obsequiousness.
Flatulent, flat'u-lent, a.
Fledge'ling, n. A young bird just fledged.
Flee, fle, v. i. or t. [fled, fleeing.] To run away,
as from danger or evil, escape. [Jc.flyja,flseja, Sw.
fly, B&n.flye, D. vlieden ; not the same word &sfly.]
Flee fles, The coat of wool covering a sheep, or
shorn from a sheep at one time; any soft woolly cov-
— ering.—v.*. [fleeced (flest), fleecing.] To de-
prive of a fleece; to strip of° money
loney or property,
p rob;
to spread over as with wool. [AS. flys, - h.vlies^G.
*). vlies,G.
Affected with gases in the fliess, vliess; perh. s. rt. flesh.] —
Flee' r, k. One

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd&t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get*
 — ; — ;

FLEER 210 FLOAT

who fleeces, strips, or exacts. Flee'cy, -sY, a. Cov- — without reason or plausibility; shallow. [Perh. s.
ered with, made of, or like, etc. Tt.film, perh. limp.]— Flim'siry, -zt-lT, adv. — Flim'-
Fleer, fler, v. i. [fleered (flerd), fleering.] To siness, n.
make a wry face in contempt to deride, sneer, Flinch, flinch, v. i. [flinched (flincht), flinching.}
—
;

mock, gibe. v. t. To mock, flout at. — n. Deris- To show signs of yielding or of suffering; to shrink;
ion; mockery. [Norwegian flira, flisa, Sw. Jiira, wince. \OF.flechir, fr. D. flectere, to bend.]
flissa, to titter; Sw. dial. Jlina, to make a wry face; Flinders, flin'derz, n. pi. Small pieces or splinters;
—
s. rt. frown.'] Fleer'er, n. One who, etc. a mocker; fragments. [D.flenters, rags, broken pieces.]
fawner. — Fleer'ingly, adv. ;

Fling, fling, v. t. [flung, flinging.] To cast, send,

Fleet, flet, n.A navy or squadron of ships; esp. a or throw from the hand; to hurl, dart; to shed forth,
number of ships of war. — a. Swift in motion; nim- emit; to prostrate, baffle, defeat. v. i. To throw, —
ble. — v. To fly swiftly, hasten. (Naut.) To slip
i. wince, flounce; to cast in the teeth, utter harsh lan-
(a rope or chain) down the barrel of a capstan or guage; to throw one's self in a violent or hasty man-
windlass, — v. To pass over rapidly; to cause to
t. ner, rush. n. — A
cast from the hand; a throw; a
pass lightly, or in mirth and joy. (Naut.) To draw contemptuous remark; gibe; sneer; sarcasm; a kind
apart the blocks of; to cause to slip down the barrel of dance. [Sw.flanga, to use violent action, romp,
of a capstan or windlass. [AS. fleotan, Ic.fljota, to OSw. ftenga, to strike, Dan. flenge, to slash; s. rt.
float, q. v. AS. fleot, fliet, flota, a ship, Ic. floti, a
; flag, v. i.j —
To have one's fling. To enjoy one's self <
'

ship, also a fleet, Dan. Jlaade, Sw. flotta, D. vloot, to the full.
G. flotte, a fleet; AS. fleotig, Ic. fljotr (= fleet-y), Flint, flint, n. (Min.) A
very hard variety of quartz,
swift.] — Fleetly, adv. Rapidly. Fleet'ness, n. — which strikes fire with steel, and is an ingredient in
Swiftness; celerity; speed. Fleeting, p. a. Not — glass. A
piece of flinty stone formerly used in fire-
durable transient; transitory.
; Flotilla, -la, n. — A arms to strike fire. [AS. and Dan. Gr. plinthos.] ;
—
little fleet, or fleet of small vessels. [Sp., dim. of Flint age. Same as Stone age.— Flinfy, -T, a.
flota, OF. flote, a fleet.] —
Fleet'-foot, a. Swift of [-ier, -iest.] Of, abounding in, or like, etc.— Flint'
foot; running, or able to run, rapidly. mess, n. — Flinf-glass, n. A pure kind of glass,
Flense, flens, v. t. To cut up and obtain the blubber orig. made of pulverized flints. lock, n. mus- A
of (a whale, seal, etc.). [Dan. flense, D. vlenzen, Ic. ket lock with a flint fixed in the hammer for strik-
flisia, to flay, skin.] ing on the cap of the pan.
Flesh, flesh, n. The
muscles, fat, etc.,covering the Flip, flip, n. A
mixture of beer and spirit sweetened
framework of bones in animals; animal food; meat, and heated by a hot iron. [W. gwlyb, liquor.]
esp. of beasts and birds used as food, disting. fr. Flippant, flip'pant, a. Of smooth, fluent, and rapid
fish ; the human system; the body; the human race; speech; voluble; talkative speaking confidently,
;

mankind; human nature tenderness of feelinj ; without knowledge or consideration; pert; petulant.
tendency to physical pleasure; carnality. (TheoL, [Ic. fleipa, to babble, Sw. dial, flepa, to talk non-
The koui uninfluenced by spiritual influences. Kin- sense, flip, the lip (a form of flap, q. v.), flabb, a
dred; stock; race; the pulpy substance of fruit; part flap.] —
Flip'pantly, adv. —
Flip'pantness, -pancy,
of a soot, fruit, etc., fit to be eaten. v. t. [fleshed — -st, «..— Flip'per, n. The paddle or limb of a sea-
(flesht), fleshing.] To feed (hawks, dogs, etc.) turtle, seal, etc.; broad fin of a fish.
with flesh, as an incitement to exertion; to use (a Flirt, flert, v. t. To throw with a jerk or quick effort,
sword, etc.) upon flesh, esp. for the first time; to fling suddenly; to move playfully to and fro; to jeer
glut, satiate, harden, accustom. [AS. flmsc, D. vleesch, at, treat with contempt, v. i. —
To act giddily, or to
and Dan. flesk,jpork; perh. s. rt.
Xi.fleisch, flesh, Ic. attract notice; esp. to play the coquette; to jeer or
flake, flitch.] —
Flesh and blood. The entire body; gibe. —n. A
sudden jerk, darting motion, jeer; one
physical man. —
Flesh'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Plump; who flirts; a coquette; a pert girl. [AS. fleard, a
corpulent; gross. (Bot.) Composed of firm pulp; foolish thing, piece of folly, fleardian, to trifle, Sw.
succulent. —
Fleshiness, n. Fleshly, -IT, a. Pert,— flard, deceit, artifice, frivolity.] Flirta'Jion, n. — A
to the flesh; corporeal; animal, not vegetable; hu- flirting; a quick, sprightly motion; playing at court-
man, not celestial, not spiritual; carnal; lascivious. ship; coquetry.
— Fleshliness, n. —
Fleshless, n. Destitute of, etc.; Flit, flit, v. i. To fly with rapid motion, dart along,
lean; gaunt.— Fleshing, n. An actor's covering, fleet; to flutter, rove on the wing; to pass rapidly
— A
——
imitating flesh. Flesh'-brush, n. brush for ex- from one place to another; to be unstable, be easily
citing action in the skin by friction. hook, n. A or often moved. [Sw. flytta, Dan. flytte, Ic. flytjask,

mal food. —
hook to draw flesh from a pot, etc.
that of the human body. -wound, n.
meat, n. Ani-
tint, n. {Paint.) A color representing
— wound not A
to flit, remove, Je.flyta, to hasten, flytja, to cause to
flit;
— Flitflutter.]
s. rt. fleet,
fragment.
— Flit'ter, n. A rag, tatter,
'ter-mouse, n. A bat, — called also-
reaching beyond the flesh, or one not deep. flicker- or flinder-mouse.
Fleur-de-lis, fler'de-le'', n. The flower-de-luce iris. Flitch, flich, n. The side of a hog salted and cured.
—
;

(Her.) The royal insignia of France, orig. repre- [AS. flicce, Ic. flikki, a flitch, Ic. flik, a flap, tatter,
senting perh. a lily, perh. a javelin head. [F., flower Dan. flik, a patch ; s. ri. flake =
slice.]
of lily.] Float, Aot, n. Anything which rests on the surface of
Flew. See Fly. a fluid, esp. to sustain, move, or mark the position
Flex, fleks, v. t. [flexed (flekst), flexing.J To bend. of some other thing; a raft; the cork on an angling
[L. flectere, fleocum ; s. rt. L./ate, a sickle. See Fal- line, to indicate the bite of a fish; float-board of a
cate.]— Flexible, a. Capable of being bent; pliable; wheel; a quantity of earth, 18 feet square and 1 foot
yielding to pressure; capable of yielding toothers' deep a wooden instrument with which masons
;

influence; too easy and compliant; capable of being smooth plastering on walls a single-cut file for
smoothing. — v. i. To rest on the surface of a fluid;
;

adapted; supple; ductile; obsequious; wavering. [F.;

L. flexibilis.] —
Flexlbleness, -ibillty, n. Condi- to be buoyed up to move quietly or gently on the
—
;

tion or quality of being, etc. —

Flex'ile, -il, a. Pli- water or through the air. v. t. To cause to rest
ant; yielding to power, impulse, or moral force. or move on the surface of a fluid to flood, inun- ;

Flexion, flek'shun, n. Act of flexing or bending; date, overflow. (Plastering.) To pass over and level
a part bent; fold. (Gram.) Inflection. (Anat.) The the surface of with a float dipped frequently in
action of the flexor muscles. —
Flex'or, n. (Anat.) water. [AS. fleotan, to float, flota, a ship; Ic.floti,
A muscle whose office is to produce flexion. [L.] — a float, raft, flotna, to float to the top, Sw. flotta, D.
Flex'uous, flek'shoo-us, a. Having turns, wind- vlot, G. floss, a raft, Sw. flotta, D. vlotten, G.floessen,
ings, or flexures; bending. —
Flex'ure, flek'shur, n. to float; s. rt. fleet, flow.] —
Floated work. Plaster-
Act of flexing; obsequious bowing or bending; a ing made level by a float. —Floating debt, capital,
turn, bend, fold. etc. Such as is not fixed, or is of uncertain amount
Flick. See under Fleck. or employment. —
Floafer, n. Float 'age, -ej, — —
Flicker, flik'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] To flut- Flo'tage, n. Anything that floats on the water.
ter, flap without flying, waver or fluctuate, like a Float'-board, n. One of the boards on the rim of
flame in a current of air to blaze fitfully, as a an undershot water-wheeljor of a steamer's paddle
— wheels; vane; float: see Water-wheel. — Float-
;

dying fire or lamp. n. Fluctuation; sudden and

brief increase of brightness. (Ornith.) The golden- ing bridge. A bridge of rafts or pontons. (Mil.) A
headed woodpecker, yellow-hammer. [AS. flicerian, double bridge, the upper projecting beyond the
to flutter, waver, lit. to beat slightly and often, D. lower one, and capable of being moved forward by
fiikkeren, to sparkle.] pulleys. —
Flota'tion, n. Act of floating ; science
Flier, Flight, Flighty. See under Fly. of floating bodies. —
Flolant, a. (Her.) Streaming
Flimsy, flim , zY, a. [-sier, -siest.] Weak; feeble; in the air. —
Flot'sam, -son, n. (Law.) Goods lost
slignt; vain; of loose and unsubstantial structure by shipwreck and floating on the sea. [OLaw F.]
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd. eve. term ; Tn. ice ; 6dd, tone, Sr
 PLOOK 211 FLOWER
flock, flok, ». A company
or collection of living — Flos'cule, n. (Bot.) A floret of an aggregate
things, esp. of sheep or birds; a Christian congrega- flower. [L. flosculus, dim. of flos.] Flos'cuar, —
tion. — V. I. (flokt), FLOCKING.]
[FLOCKED To -colons, -lus, a. Consisting of many tubulose, mon-
gather in crowds. [AS. flocc, Ic. flokkr, Da.n.flok, opetalous florets.
Svr. flock, a flock; prob. s. rt. folk, q. v.] Floss, flos, n. A
downy or silken substance in the
Flock, flok, n. A
lock of wool or hair; finely pow- husks of maize, etc.; a fluid glass floating on iron
dered wool or cloth, used colored for making
when in puddling-furnaces; untwisted filaments of silk.
flock-paper, pi. The refuse of cotton and wool, or [Venetian flosso, It. floscio, flaccid, soft, L. fluxus.
the shearing of woolen goods. [OF. floe, L. floccus, fluid, loose. See Flux.] —
Flossy-thread, n. Soft
lock of wool; not s. rt. flake.]— Flock '-bed, n. A flaxen yarn or thread, for embroidery.
bed filled with flocks or locks of wool, or pieces of Flotage, Flotation, Flotsam, etc. See under Float.
cloth cut up fine. —
Floc'culent, a. Coalescing and Flotilla. See under Fleet.
adhering in flocks, like wool. (Ornith.) Pert, to Flounce, downs, v. i. [flounced (flownst), floun-
the down of unfledged birds. Floc'culence, -lens, — cing.] To spring, turn, or twist with sudden ef-
n. State of being, etc. —
Floc'cilla'tion, -sil-la'shun, fort; to flounder, n. —
Act of, etc; a sudden jerk«
n. (Med.) A
delirious picking of bed-clothes, as if ing motion of the body. [Sw. dial, flunsa, to dip,
to pick off locks of wool; carphology, an alarm- — plunge, Sw. fladdra, to flutter.] Floun'der, v. i. —
ing symptom in acute diseases. Floc'culus, n. — A [-dered (-derd), -dering.] To plunge and struggle,
small lock or flock a light mass of fibrous sub-
; as a horse in mire to fling the limbs and body, as
;

stance, —
in the nebular hypothesis, a precipitated in making efforts to move; to roll, toss, and tumble;
mass of the gas or vapor constituting; the original to flounce. [D.flodderen, to flop, splash ; s. rt. flag,
nebulous matter. [L., dim. of floccusJ] v. i.]
Floe, flo, n. An extensive surface of ice floating in the Flounce, flowns, n. A
loose ruffle or flap, around the
ocean. [Dan. flage; s. rt. flake, q. v.] skirt of sl lady's dress. v. t. —
To deck with, etc. —
FlOg, flog, V. t. [FLOGGED (flogd), FLOGGING.] To [OF. froncer, to gather, plait, fold, wrinkle perh. ;

beat or strike with a rod ; to whip, lash. [Perh. fr. LL. frontiare, to wrinkle the forehead, zr.frons,
corrup. f r. L. flagellare, to whip.] Flog'ster, n. — foreheadj
One who, etc. Flounder, flown /'der, n. A small, edible, tide-water
Flood, flud, n. A body of moving water, esp. overflow- flat-fish : when young
ing land not usually covered; a deluge; freshet; in- it swims vertically,
undation; the flowing in of the tide, opp. to ebb; — and has symmetrical
a great quantity; abundance; superabundance; the eyes, but soon turns on
deluge in the days of Noah; a great body or stream its side, and the under
of any fluid substance; menstrual discharge, —v. t. eye passes through its
To overflow, inundate, deluge. [AS.,Ic, Sw., and head. [Sw. flundra,
Ba.n.flod, D. vloed, Goth, flodus, G. fluth, a flood, Dan. flynder, Ic. fly-
Skr. pluta, wet, p. p. of plu, to swim s. rt. flow, q. dhra; Sw. dial, flunn-
v.] — Flooding, n. An overflowing, esp. a uterine — ;

ka, to float about, Flounder.

hemorrhage. —
Flood'-gate, n. gate to stop or to A swim. J
let out water
tion or restraint.
;

—
any opening or passage an obstruc-
mark, n. The mark or line to
which the tide rises high-water mark.
;
; Flour, Flourish, etc. See under Flower.
Flout, flowt, v. t. To mock or insult ; to treat with
contempt. v. i.— To practice mocking, sneer. n. —
Floor, nor, n. The solid surface of wood, etc., forming A mock, vnsult. [OD. fluyten, D. fluiten, to play the
the bottom of a room, bridge, etc. the body of a ; flute, also to jeer, impose upon, OD.fluyt, D.fluit, a
public hall, disting. fr. platform, gallery, etc. a ; flute, q. v.]— Floufer, n.
suite of rooms on a level in a house a story ; any ; FlOW, flb, V. t. [FLOWED (flod), FLOWING.] To
platform or flooring. (Legis. Assemblies.) The part change place or circulate, as a liquid; to become
of the house assigned to the members the right to ; liquid, melt; to glide smoothly or without friction,
speak. (Naut.) That part of the bottom of a vessel proceed, issue forth; to have or be in abundance,
most nearly horizontal. v. t. —
[floored (flord), abound, be copious; to hang loose and waving; to
flooring/] To cover with a floor; to strike down or rise, as the tide,— opp. to ebb; to discharge blood
lay level with the floor to silence by some decisive
; in excess from the uterus. v. t. —
To cover with
argument. [AS. flor, D. vloer, G.flur, Armor, leur, water, overflow, inundate, flood; to cover with var-
W. Uawr. Ir. and Ga. tor.] Flooring, n. —
plat- A nish. n.— A
stream of water or other fluid; a cur-
form the bottom of a room or building materials
; ; rent any gentle, gradual movement of thought,
;

for floors. diction, music, etc. abundance copiousness ; the

; ;

Flop, flop, v. t. [flopped (flopt), -ping.] To clap or
strike, as a bird its wings, etc.; to spring up and fall
heavily to the ground again, as a dying fish or fowl;
to let down the brim of (a hat, etc.). v. i. To strike
about with something broad and flat; to rise and
fall.— n. The sound made by a flat object falling
upon a floor, etc. [Same as flap."]
Flora, flola, n. {Myth.) The goddess of flowers.
(Bot.) The complete system of vegetable species
native in a given locality, or period; a description
of such plants. [I.., the goddess of flowers, fr. flos,
floris, a flower, florere, to flourish s. rt. blow.]
Flo'ral, a. Pert, to Flora, or to flowers. (Bot.) Con-
tidal setting in of water from ocean to shore. (AS.
flowan, D. vloeijen, to flow, Ic. floa, to flood, OHG-.
flawen, to wash, L. pluit, it rains, pluvia, rain, Russ.
— pluite, Gr. pleein, Skr. plu, to sail, float, Gr. plunein,
to wash; not s. rt. h.fluere, to flow; s. rt. float, flood,
fleet.] —
Flow'age, -ej, n. An overflowing with
water; water which overflows.
Flower, flow'er, n. A circle of leaves on a plant; a
bloom or blossom. (Bot.) That part of a plant
destined to produce seed, and including one or both
of the sexual organs. The fairest, freshest, and
— choicest part of anything; a figure of speech; orna-
;

—
ment of style. v. i. [flowered (-Srd), -bring.]
taining, or belonging to, the flower. Flo'rist, n. — A To blossom, bloom, produce flowers; to come into
cultivator of, or writer on, plants. Flores'cence, — the finest condition. v. t. —
To embellish with
-sens, n. (Bot.) A
bursting into flower; a blossom- flowers. [OF. flour, flor, L. flos, floris, a flower. See
ing. [L. florescens, p. pr. of florescere, to begin to —
Floral.] Flow'eret, n. A floret; small flower.
blossom, fr-florere.] —
Flo'ret, n. (Bot.) Flow'ery, -Sr-T, a. Full of, etc.; highly embellished
A —
with figurative language; florid.
—
'

little flower; the partial or separate Flow'eriness, n.

little flower of an aggregate flower. — — Flow'er-bod, n. An unopened flower. stalk,
Flo'ricuTture, -kul'chur, n. Cultiva- n. The peduncle of a plant, or stem supporting the
tion of flowering plants. [L. flos and flower or fructification. —
Flow'er-de-luce, -lus, n.
cultura, culture/]— Floriferoua, -us, A plant of several species, of the genus Iris. [F.
a. Producing flowers. [L. ferre, to fleur-de-lis, q. v.] —
Floor, flowr, n. The finely
bear.] —Flo'riform, a. Having the
— ground meal of wheat or other grain fine, soft
—
;

form of, etc. [L. forma, shape.] powder of any substance. v. t. [floured (flowrd),
Florid, flOr-, a. Covered with, or flouring.] To grind and bolt to sprinkle with
abounding in, flowers; bright in color; Florets flour. [F. fleur.] —
Flour'y, -t, a. Of or like, etc.
;
—
of a lively red color; embellished with Flourish, flgrlsh, v. i. [-ished (-isht), -ishing.]
flowers of rhetoric; excessively ornate. [L. floridus, To grow luxuriantly, thrive; to be prosperous, be
tr.flos.] — Floridlty, -T-tt, FlorldnesB, n. Quality increased with good qualities to use florid lan- ;

or condition of being florid. —

Florin, n. Orig. a guage, be copious and flowery to make bold and ;

Florentine coin, with a lily on it; a coin of gold or sweeping, fanciful, or wanton movements; to make
silver, of different values in different countries. ornamental strokes with the pen to execute a fan- ;

(OF.; It. fiorwo, tr.fiore =

I^.flos, whence Florence.] ciful strain of music, by way of ornament or pre-

Hii, cube, full ; moon. fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tfien, boNhjafl^chair, get.
 — ; — ;

FLOWN" 212 FLY

lude ;to boast, vaunt, brag. v. t. To cause to
thrive, develop, expand ; to ornament -with any-
Flurry, flur'rT, n. A
sudden blast or gust violent ;

agitation; commotion; bustle; confusion. v. t.

thing showy, embellish; to grace with ostentatious [flurried (-rid), -eying.] To agitate, excite,
eloquence; to move in bold or irregular figures to alarm. [Sw. dial, flur, disordered hair, whim, ca-
brandish. —
n. Decoration; showy splendor; osten-
;

price, flurig, disordered.]

tatious embellishment; show; a fanciful stroke of Flush, flush, v. i. [flushed (flusht), flushing.] To
the pen or graver; a fantastic or decorative musical
passage; the waving of a weapon, etc. brandishing
flow and spread suddenly. v. t. To cause (game, —
etc.) to start to cleanse by inundating with a sud-
[OF. fleurir, to flourish, L. florescere, fr. florere, to
;

den rush of water. n.

;

— A
sudden flowing; rush; a
bloom, f r. flos.] —
FlouT'laning, o. Thriving. & flock of birds suddenly started up; a run of cards of
Flown. See Fly. the same suit. —
a. Full of vigor well furnished ; ;
Fluctuate, flukfu'-at, v. i. To move as a wave, roll affluent; liberal; prodigal. {Arch, and Mech.) Form-
hither and thither; to move now in one direction ing a continuous surface. Consisting of cards of
and now in another, be irresolute or undetermined, the same suit. [F.yfttr,a flowing, current, flush (at
waver, vacillate, scruple. [L. fluctuare, -atum, fr. cards), L. fluxus. See Fluent, Flux.]
fluctus, wave, old p. p. of fluere, fl actum, to flow.] — Flush, flush, v. i. To become suffused, as the cheeks;
Fluctuation, n. Act of fluctuating; unsteadiness;
a sudden rise or fall; undulation. — to turn red, blush; to shine suddenly, glow. v. t. —
Fluctuant, a. To redden suddenly, put to the blush; to make
Moving like a wave; wavering. glowing, redden; to animate with joy, elate, elevate.
Flue, flu, n. Light down, such as rises from beds,
cotton, etc.; soft down, fur, or hair; fluff. [Dan.
— n. A
rush of blood to the face blush glow. ; ;

[Sw. dial, fossa, to burn furiously, blaze, Norwe-

fnug, flue, W. llwch, dust; prob. s. rt. flock, wool.] gian dial, flosa, passion, eagerness; s. rt. flare.]
— Fluff, n. Nap; down. —
Fluffy, -1, a. [-ier, -iest.] Fluster, fluslgr, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
Pert, to or like, etc.; soft; downy. make hot and rosy, as with drinking ; to confuse,
Flue, flu, n. An air-passage, esp. for conveying smoke muddle, —n. Heat or glow, as from drinking agi- ;

and flame from f> fire. (Steam. Boilers.} A passage tation ; confusion ; disorder. [Ic. flaustra, to be
surrounded by water, for gaseous products of com- flustered, flaustr, fluster, hurry, flasa, to rush.]
bustion, —
distmg. fr. tube which holds water, and is
, Flute, flut, «. (Mus.) A
pipe used as a wind instru-
surrounded by iiie small flues are called flue-tubes.
: ment, having on the side a mouth orifice and holes
[Corrup. of flute, q. v.; OF. fleute x a flute, pipe.] stopped by the fingers or by keys. (Arch.) chan- A
Fluent, llu'ent, o. Flowing or capable of flowing, nel in a column or pillar ; fluting; reed. channel A
liquid; gliding; current; ready in the use of words; or groove in wood or other work, or in plaited mus-
voluble; copious; smooth. n. (Math.) —
A variable lin, as a lady's ruffle. —
v. t. To play or sing in a
quantity, considered as increasing or diminishing, clear, soft note, like that of a flute; to form flutes or
— called, in modern calculus, the function or in- channels in. [OF. flaute, fleute, a flute, flauter, to
tegral. [L. fluent, -entis, p. pr. of fluere, to flow, Gr. play the flute, uL.flauta, a flute, f r. L. flare, to blow;
phluein, to swell, overflow.] —
Flu'ency, -si, n. s. rt. blow, flue, flout, flageolet] —
Flufed, p. a.
Quality of being, etc. —
Fluid, a. Capable of flow- Thin; fine; flute-like; formed with flutes.— Flutter,
ing; liquid or gaseous. —
n. A body whose particles Flaulist, flaw'-, Flutist, n. One who plays on the
move easily among themselves. [OF. fluide, L. fliv- flute. —Fluting, n. A furrow in a column or in a
idus.] —
Fluidity, -tT. n. Quality of being, etc. a ; lady's ruffle; fluted work. Fluti'na, -te'na, n. — A
liquid, aeriform, or gaseous state. Flume, flum, n. — musical instrument resembling the concertina.
A stream esp. a channel for water driving a mill-
; Flutter, flutler, v. i. [-tered (-tSrd), -tering.] To
wheel, or used in gold-washing. [ AS. flum, L. flumen, flap the wings rapidly, without flying, or with short
a stream, fr. fluere.] —
Flu'or, F.-spar, n. (Min.) flights ; to move with quick vibrations or undula-
Fluoride of calcium,— a mineral of beautiful colors, tions to move irregularly, fluctuate. v. t. To vi- —
used for ornamental vessels. [L. fluor, f r. fluere.] — ;

brate or move quickly to agitate, disorder, throw

;

F. al'bus. (Med.) The whites leucorrhea. [L.] into confusion.— n. Act of fluttering; quick and
— Fluores'cence, -sens, n. (Opt.) A property of
;

irregular motion; hurry; confusion. [AS. flotorian,

some transparent bodies, of producing surface re-
flections of light different in color from the mass of
the material. A property possessed by fluor spar,
uranium glass, sulphide of calcium, and many other
substances, of glowing without appreciable rise of
temperature when exposed to
Xrays, etc. —
Fluoroscope, flu-5r'o-skop, n. (Phys.)
An instrument for observing or exhibiting fluo-
rescence. A
fluorescent screen, with hood to protect
the eyes, used for observing the shadows cast by ob-
jects placed in the path of the X
rays. [/'VMorescence
+ Gx. skopein, to view.]— Fluoric, -Qrlk.o. (Chem.)
Pert, to, or obtained from, fluor-spar. — Flu'oride,
-id, n. A compound of fluorine. Flu'orine, -in,
n. An element related to chlorine. Flu'orous, -us,
a. Obtained from, or pert, to, fluor. Fluohy'dric,
a. Hydrofluoric, q. v.
Flugelman, flu'gl-man, n. (Mil.) The leader of a file;
a fugleman. [G.fluegelmavn, file-leader.]
Fluke, fluk, n. (Naut.) The part of an anchor which
fastens in the ground see Anchor. One of the
: a constantly varying indication. (Math.) A differ-
points of a whale's tail; in Eng., a shot accidentally
made at billiards, called in U. S. a scratch; any un-
expected advantage. [LG. flunk, a wing, palm of
an anchor, Ir.flegen, to fly.] Fluk'y. -I, a. Hav- —
ing, or like, a fluke. —
Fluke'-worm, n. parasitic
worm found in the livers of sheep.
Flummery, flumlner-i, n. A light kind of food, for-
merly made of flour or meal; empty compliment;
mere flattery nonsense. [W. llymry, oatmeal
; ;
to float about, flot, the sea, flota, ship; LG. fluttern,
to flutter, flit about; s. rt. flag, flicker, flit, float.} —
Flutter-wheel, n. A
small water-wheel at the bottom
of an upright penstock or flume.
Fluvial, flu / vT-al, -viatic, a. Pert, to rivers; growing
light, cathode rays, or living in streams or ponds. [L. fluvialis, -aticus,
fr. fluvius, river, fr. fluere, to flow. See Fluent.] —
Flu'viatile, -til, a. Pert, to, existing in, or formed
by, rivers.
Flux, fluks, n. Act of flowing ; quick succession
change ; matter which flows, as tide setting in tow-
ard the shore; state of being liquid. (Chem. &
Metal.) Any substance used to promote fusion of
— metals or minerals. (Med.) Discharge of a fluid
— from the bowels or other part ; esp., an excessive
— and morbid discharge; matter thus discharged.—
v.t. [fluxed (flukst), fluxing.] To fuse. [OF.;
p. p. of fluere, to flow. See
L. fluxus, a flowinsr, orig.
Fluent.] — Fluxa > tion,
n. Act of fluxing. Flux'- —
ion, fluk'shun, n.Act of flowing; matter that flows;
ential; pi. a method of analysis developed by New-
ton, and based on the conception of all magnitudes
as generated by motion. —
Fluxlonal, -ary, -rt, a.
Pert, to, of the nature of, or solved by, fluxions ;
A inconstant ; variable.
Fly, fli, v . i. [imp. flew (flu) ; p. p. flown (flon) ;
flying.] To move in the air with wings; to float or
move in the air, as clouds, etc.; to move rapidly, like
a bird ; to attempt to escape, flee to part, burst in
—

steeped until sour and boiled, to be eaten with milk; pieces. v. t. To shun, avoid to cause to fly, set
llymrig, harsh, crude, fr. liym, sharp.] floating, as a kite. —
n. (Entom.) winged insect
;

A
Flung. See Fling. of various species, whose wings are transparent; esp.
Flunk, flunk, v. i. [flunked (flunkt), flunking.] the house fly. A
fish-hook dressed in imitation of a
To fail, back out, through fear. — n. A failure. flv; a kind of light carriage; that part of a flag from
[Slang.] the union to the extreme end. (Xaut.) That part
Flunky, flunk'i, n. A livery servant; one who is ob- of a compass on which the points are marked.
sequious or cringing; one easily deceived in buying (Mech.) A
contrivance to equalize motion or ac-
stocks. [F. flanquer, to flank, run along by one's cumulate power in a maehine. (Print.) One who
side, support.]— Flunk'yism, -izm, n. Character takes sheets from the press ; that part of a power-
or qualitv of a flunky. firinting press which receives the printed sheet and
Fluor, Fluoride, etc. See under Fluent. ays it aside. [AS. fleogan, D. vliegen, G.fliegenfto

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare •

end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, or
 FOAL 213 FOLIACEOUS
fly,AS. fleoge, a fly s. rt.flow, plume (L. pluma).] Focus, fo'kus, n. ; E. pi. -cuses, -kus-ez L.pl. -CL,
—
;

To fly out. To rush out, burst into a passion. — -si. (Opt.) A

point in which the rays of light meet,
;

To let f. To throw or drive with violence, dis-
charge. (Naut.) To let go suddenly and entirely.
— Filler, Fly'er, n. One who or that which, etc.; a
fugitive runaway, pi. A straight flight of
— Fli'ers, pi. Arms revolving around a bobbin
;
after being reflected or refracted. (Oeom.) A point
on the principal axis of a conic section, such that
the double ordinate to the axis through the point
stairs. shall be equal to the parameter of the curve. A

n. central point point of concentration. v. t. To —

on a spinning machine, which twist the sliver, etc.,
;

bring to a focus. [L., hearth, Gr. 2>hos, light.] Fo /'- —

into roving, yarn, thread, etc., and wind it on the cal, a. Of or pert, to, etc.
bobbin. —
Fly'er, n. (Arch.) A
step in a flight of Fodder, fod'dgr, n. Food for cattle, horses, and
stairs which are parallel to each other. —Fly' -blow, sheep, as hay, straw, and various vegetables. v. t. —
n. The egg of a fly.
in, or upon, as a fly.
;
v. t.
boat, n. ——
To deposit an egg
long, narrow,
Canal boat a flat-bottomed Dutch coasting-vessel.
A
[foddered (-derd), -dering.] To feed (cattle) with
dry food, cut grass, etc. [AS. foilor, fr. foda, food,
q. v. ; D. voeder, 1c. fodhr, Dan. and Sw. foder,
[D. vlieboot. See Filibuster.] catcb/er, n. One fodder.]
who hunts flies. (Ornith.) One of several species Foe, to, n. An enemy; hostile army; opponent. [AS.
of birds, which feed on winged insects.
To angle with flies for bait. leaf, n.
fish, v. i.
blank
—A fah,fag, fr. feogan, Goth, fijan, to hate; s. rt. fiend,
feud.] —
Foe'inan, n. ; pi. -men. An enemy in war.
leaf at either end of a book. pa'per, n. Paper —— A
Foetus. Same as Fetus.
prepared to catch or poison flies. rail, n.
at a table which turns out to support a leaf.
n. {Bot.) A plant whose leaves are fringed with
part
trap, — Fog, fog, n. Vapor rising from water or wet land and
obscuring the lower part of the atmosphere; mist; a
cloud of dust or of smoke. v. t. —
[fogged (fogd),
stiff bristles, and fold together when touched, seiz- -GING.] To envelop, as with fog; befog. [Dan., fr.
ing insects that tight on them, —wheel, n. wheel A fyge, to drift, Ic. fok, spray, fr. fjuka, to drift.] —
in machinery that equalizes its movements, or ac- Fog'gy, -gT, a. [-gier, -giest.] Filled or abound-
cumulates power for a variable or intermitting re- ing with, etc.; cloudy; misty; beclouded; dull: ob-
sistance. See Steam En- scure. —
Fog'gily, -gT-lT, adv. Fog'giness, n. — —
gine .— Fly 'ing-artu'lery, Fog'-bank, n. An appearance, at sea, in hazy
n. (Mil.) Artillery weather, sometimes resembling distant land, but
trained to rapid evolu- vanishing as approached. beu, n. {Naut.) bell A
near rocks, shoals, etc., to warn mariners in foggy
tions.
A
bridge, n. {Mil.)
bridge supported by
boats, or a ferry-boat an-
weather.
to warn
— horn, n. A huge horn, blown
vessels, at sea, in a fog; a siren. —
whis'tle,
by steam,
chored up stream, and n. A
whistle blown by steam, on a steam-vessel, as
made to cross by the force a warning, etc.
of the current. buf- Fog, fog, n. (Agric.) A
second growth of grass; after-
tresa,n. {Arch.) A contriv- grass long grass that remains in pastures till win-
;

ance for strengthening a ter: dead grass in meadows, etc., which interferes
part of a building, con- with the growth or cutting of new grass. [Scot, fog,
sisting of a curved brace fouge, moss, W. ffwg, dry grass.] — Fog'gage, -gej, n.
or half arch between it and Rank or coarse grass, not mowed or eaten down in
some lower part. — -flan, Flying-buttress.
summer or autumn.
n. (Ichth.) A fish which Fogy, -gie, -gey, fo'gY, n. A dull old fellow; a per-
can sustain itself in the air for a short time, by its son behind the times a conservative. [Perh. dim.
:

long pectoral fins. fr. D. volkje, folk.] —

Fo'gyism, -izm, n. Principles
— -fib, n. (Naut.) A and conduct of a fogy.
sail outside of the Foh, fo, interj. An exclamation of abhorrence or con-
standing-jib, on the tempt; poh; fie. See Faugh.
flying-jib-boom. See Foible, foi'bl, n. A
particular moral weakness ; a
Sails. —
-jib-boom, n. failing; weak point; infirmity; frailty; defect. [OF.,
(Naut.) A spar ex- weak. See Feeble.]
tending beyond the Foil, foil, v. t. [foiled (foild), foiling.] To render
jib-boom. See Ship. vain or nugatory, frustrate, baffle, balk. — n. Fail-
— -squir'rel, n. (Zo'61.) ure of success when on the point of being secured ;

A squirrel having an defeat; miscarriage; a blunt sword, or one having

expansive skin on button at the end, —
used in fencing. [OF. fouler
each side, reaching to stamp or trample on, LL. fvllare, fotare, to full
from the fore to the
Flying-fish.
cloth. See Full, v. t.] Foil'er, n. —
hind legs, bv which it Foil, foil, n. A very thin sheet or plate of metal; a thin
is borne up in leaping. — Flight, flit, n. Act of flee leaf of metal, placed under precious stones, to in-
ing or flying ; hasty de- crease their brilliancy or give them color; anything of
parture, mode of flying contrasting color or qualities, which sets off another
lofty elevation and ex- thing to advan-
cursion; soaring; a num- tage. (Arch.)
ber of things passing A leaf-like or-
through the air together, nament, in win-
esp. a flock of birds a ; dows, niches,
reach of stairs from one etc., called tre-'
landing to another. [AS. foil, quatrefoil,
Foils. (Arch.)
flyht.)— Flight'y, -T, quin qu e f oil,
a. Fleeting: swift; tran- etc., according to the nnmber of cusps it contains.
sient ind ufging in flights
;
Fly mg-squrrrel. [OF. feuille, L. folium, a leaf. See Foliage.]
of ima:rination, humor, caprice, etc. volatile gid- Foist, foist, v. t. To insert
surreptitiously, wrongfully,
dy. — Flighfiness, n.
; ;

or without warrant; to interpolate; to pass off as

Foal, fol, n. A
colt or filly, —v. t. & t. [foaled (fold), genuine. [OD. rysten, to fizzle, veest, a fizzle, Dan.
foaling.] To bring forth, as a colt or filly. [AS. tils, n., fise, v., ~E.fizz.\
fola, D. veulen, Jc.foli, G. folden, Gr. polos', a toal, Fold, fold, n. A
doubling of a flexible substance ;
L. pullys, a young animal: s. rt. filly.] times or repetitions, —
used with numerals, chiefly
Foam, torn, n. An aggregation of bubbles on the sur- in composition, to denote multiplication or increase;
face of liquids after violent agitation; froth; spume. that which is folded together, or which infolds; em-
— v.i. [foamed (fomd), foaming.] To froth, gather brace. v. t. —
To lap or lay in plaits to double to ; :

foam; to form or become filled with foam.— v. t. To lay (the arms, etc.) together; to inclose within folds.
throw out with violence; to cause to foam. [AS. — v.i. To become folded. [AS. fealdan, D&n. folde,
Jam, Prov. G. fawn, Russ. piena, L. spuma, Skr. Ic. falda, to fold s. rt. L. plectere, Gr. plekein, to
—
;

jmena.] —
To foam at the mouth. To be beside one's plait, also com/ilex, dvqilex, etc.] Fold'er, n. One
self with rage.— Foam'y, -1, a. Covered with foam; who or that which, etc. ; esp. an instrument for
spumy. folding paper.
Fob, fob, n. A watch pocket. [Prov. G.fuppe.] Fold, fold, n. A
pen for sheep,
/'
etc. —v. t. To con-
Fob, fob, v. t. [fobbed (fobd), -bing.] To cheat, trick, fine (sheep) in a fold. [AS. aid, falod, prob. a place
impose on. [D. foppen, to cheat, mock; s. rt. fop.] protected by palings, fr. Ic. fjol, a thin board.]
— To fob off. To shift off by an artifice; put aside. Foliaceous, fo'll-a'shus, a. (Bot.) Pert, to, or having

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdt>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; ; —

FOLK 214 FOR

the texture or nature of, a leaf; having leaves inter- fool, trifle, toy. —v . t. To infatuate, make foolish;
mixed with flowers. (Min.) Consisting of leaves to make a fool of, impose upon, cheat. [OF. fol,
or thin laminae of the form of a leaf or plate. [L.
; fool, fr.L. follis, a pair of bellows, pi. folles, puffed
foliaceus, fr. folium, Gr. phullon, a leaf.] Fo'liage, — cheeks (of a jester); s. rt. L. flare, to blow.] Fool's —
-lT-ej, n. Acollection of leaves as produced by na- errand. An absurd or fruitless search or enterprise;
ture. {Arch.) The representation of leaves, flow- pursuit of what can not be found; the undertaking
ers, and branches._[OF./we?77asre, fr./Mei7fe L./oZi- = what is impossible. —
To fool away. To get rid of
um.] — Fo'liate, -at, v. t. To spread over with a foolishly, spend in trifles, idleness, etc. Fool'ery, —
thin coat of tin and quicksilver. a. (Bot.) Hav- — -er-T, n. Practice of folly; absurdity; act of folly or
ing leaves; leafy. —
Folia'tion, n. Act of forming weakness: piece of absurdity or nonsense. Fool'- —
into leaves act of beating metal into a thin plate,
; ish, a. Marked with, or exhibiting, folly; void of
leaf, or lamina, or of spreading foil over the back- understanding; weak in intellect; exhibiting a want
Bide of a mirror. (Arch.) Act of enriching with of judgment. (Script.) Sinful wicked. Ridicu- ;

feather ornaments resembling leaves the orna- lous; contemptible. —

Fool'ishly, adv. Fool'ish- —
ments themselves. (Oeol.) The property of some
;

ness, n. —
Fool'-hard'y, -hard'I, a. Daring without
crystalline rocks, of dividing into plates or slabs. — judgment; foolishly bold; rash; venturous; head-
Folio, fo'lT-o or foKyo, n. sheet of paper once A long. —
FooKhard'iness, n. Fools'Cap, n. — long A
folded; a book made of sheets, each folded once a ; folio writing paper, about 13£ by 16A inches. [Orig.
page in a book; two opposite pages bearing the same made with a water-mark of a fool's" cap and bells.]
serial number. (Law.) A
leaf containing a certain — Folly, -IT, n. State of being a fool; want of sense;
number of words a certain number of words in a
; levity, weakness, or derangement of mind; a fool-
writing. —a. Formed of sheets folded so as to ish act weak conduct foolery. [OF. folie.]
; ;

make 2 leaves; of, or equal to, the size of 1 fold of a Foot, fot>t, n. ; pi. Feet, fet. The part of a leg below
sheet of printing paper, when doubled so as to make the ankle; lowest part or foundation; last of a row
2 leaves. [L., abl. of folium.'} or series ; fundamental principle basis ordinary ; ;

Folk, fok, n. People in general, or a separate class of level or rank; a measure consisting of 12 inches.
people. [AS. folc, Ic, Dan., and Sw. folk, D. and (Mil.) The foot-soldiers, infantry. (Pros.) com- A
G. volk ; s. rt. flock, perh. full.'] Folk-lore, fok'-, — bination of syllables constituting a metrical element
n. Tales, legends, or superstitions, current among of a verse. —
v. i. To tread to measure or music; to
the people. [G. volkslehre.] dance; to walk.— v. t. To strike with the foot, kick:
Follicle, fol'lT-kl, n. (Bot.) simple pod opening A to tread; to sum up, as numbers in a column; to add
down the inner suture a ves- ; a foot to. [AS. jot, pi. fet, D. voet, Ic. fotr, Dan.
sel distended with air. (Anat.) fod, Sw. fot, G. fuss, L. pes, pedis, Gr. pous, podos,
A little bag in animal bodies Skr. pad; s. rt. fetter, pedal, pedestrian, biped, etc.]
a gland. [OF. follicule, L. fob-
;

— To foot a biU. To pay it. Byf. or onf By walk-—

liculus, dim. of follis, a bag.] — ing. — Cubic f. A
volume equal to that of a cube
Follic'ular, a. Like, pert, to, the edges of which are 12 inches in length. — Square
or consisting of, follicles. f. An area equal to that of a square the sides of
Follow, foKlo, V. t. [-LOWED which are 12 inches in length. —
To be on f. To be
(-lod), -lowing.] To go or come Follicle. (Bot.) in motion, action, or process of execution. To set —
after to go in pursuit of, strive to obtain
; to go ; onf. To originate, begin. Foofing, n. Ground —
with, as a leader, accept as authority, take as a rule for the foot; firm foundation to stand on; established
of action; to copy after, take as an example; to suc- place; relative condition; state; tread; esp. tread to
ceed in order of time, rank, or office; to result from, measure; act of adding up a column of figures; sum
as effect from cause, or inference from premise ; total of such a column; act of putting a foot to any-
to watch, as a receding object to keep the mind ; thing, or that which is added as a foot; a plain cot-
upon while in progress; to understand the meaning, ton lace, without figures; the finer refuse part of
connection, or force of; to attend upon closely, as a whale blubber, not wholly deprived of oil. (Arch.)
profession or calling, —v. i. To go or come after, The broad foundation or base of a wall. Foot'- —
pursue, attend, accompany, be a result, succeed. An inflated ball, kicked about 5 sport of
——
ball, n.
{ASjfylcgan.fyligan, D. volgen, Ic. fylgja, G.folgen, kicking, etc boy, n. An attendant in livery,
OHG. folken ; perh. fr. folk (q. v.), orig. a crowd of footman. A
narrow bridge for foot
people.] —
Fol'lower, n. One who follows ; imita-
tor; disciple adherent attendant. (Steam Eng.)
; ;
passengers. —
bridge, n.
fall. n.
n. pi. Guards of infantry.
A
footstep; misstep.
hold, n. —
guardB,
holding
—
A
The cover of a piston a gland. (Mach.) Part of a with the feet; that on which one may tread securely.
;

machine that receives motion from another part.

Fol'lowing, a. Being next after succeeding en- ; ;
— — light, n. One of a row of lights at the front of
the stage in a theater, etc. —
man, n. ; pi. -men. A
suing. soldier who marches and fights on foot; a male ser-
Folly. See under Fool.
Foment, fo-menf, v. To apply warm
lotions to; to
t.

instigate, cherish, and promote by excitements; to en-

vant who attends the door, carriage, table, etc.
-mark, n. A mark of a foot, foot-print. note. w.
A note of reference at the foot of a page. pace, n.
—
—
courage, abet. [OF. fomenter, Li.fomentare, -tatum, A slow pace or step; a stair broader than the rest of
iT.fomentum, a lotion, for fovimentum, fr. fovere, to a flight; a dais. (Eccl.) The platform on which the
warm.] — Fomentation,
ing, or of applying lotions or poultices ; the lotion
n. (Med.) Act of foment-
on foot. ——
altar stands. pad, n. A highwayman, or robber
pound, n. The dynamic unit,
amount of work done
being
in raising 1 pound througfi
—
— ——
applied to a diseased part instigation; encourage-
ment. —
Foment'er, n.
Fond, fond, a. Orig. foolish, simple; foolishly tender
; the
1 foot.
n. A
— who
print, n.
soldier
A
trace or foot-mark.
serves on foot.
sol dier,
sore, a. Having
and loving: doting; loving; tender; much pleased. tender or sore feet, as from much walking. stalk,
[ME. fond tor formed, p. p. of fonnen, to act fool- n. (Bot.) The stalk of a leaf or of a a peti-
ishly, fr. fori, Sw. fane, a fool.]— Fondly, adv.—
Fond'ness, n. — Fondle, fond'1, v. t. [-led (-Id),
ole, pedicel, or peduncle. —
flower;
step, n. Sound made
by putting down the foot ; mark or impression of
To —
-ling.]
ler, n.
Font, n.
treat
— Fond'ling, n.
Assorted type: see
with tenderness, caress. Fond'-
Person or thing caressed.
under Fobnd. — A bap-
the foot; a track; visible sign of a course pursued;
token.
A
—stool, n. A
stool for the feet.
contrivance to keep the feet warm.
stove, n. —
tismal vessel: see under Fount. Fop, fop, n. A
fellow vain and conceited or over nice
Fontanel, f on'ta-nel', Fontic'ulus, n. (Med.) An arti- and affected in dress or manners; acoxcomb; dandy.
ficial ulcer for the discharge ®f humors from the [D. foppen, to cheat, mock, fopper, a wag.] Fop'- —
body. —
Fontanel, n. (Anat.) space between the A ling, n. A
petty f op. —
Fop'pery, -per-T, n. The be-
bones of an infant's skull occupied by cartilaginous havior, manners, dress, etc., of a fop; coxcombry;
membrane. [F fontanelle, prop, a little fountain, fr.
'. folly; impertinence; foolery.— Fop^pish, a. Fop-
fontaine, fountain L. fonticulus, dim. of fons. See like; vain of dress; affected in manners; finical;
Fount.]
;

spruce ; dandyish. — Fop'pishly, adv. — Fop'pish-

Food, food, n. What is fed upon; victuals; provisions; ness, 11.
anything that sustains, nourishes, and augments For, f6r, prep. In the place of; instead of; because
aliment; sustenance; fare. [AS. and Sw. foda, Ic. of; by reason of; with respect to; concerning; in the
fsedhiffsedha, Dan. fade ; hence feed, fodder.] direction of; toward; during; as being, etc., indi- —
Fool, fool, n. One destitute of reason; an idiot; one cating that in consideration of, or with reference to,
deficient in intellect; a simpleton, dunce. (Script.) which anything takes place, —conj. Because; since;
A wicked person. A professional jester or buffoon. because, introducing a reason of something before
— v. i. [fooled (f oold), fooling.] To act like a advanced, the cause, motive, explanation, etc., of

ftm, fame, far, or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Tee ; Odd, tone, 8r
 01 r;
FORAG-E FORE
an action related or statement made. [AS., Sw., and strength; to exert to the utmost, strain, produce by
Dan. /or, D. voor, Ic. fyrir, Goth. /aura, for, before; unnatural effort; to provide with forces, reeniorca
G. fuer, for vor, before, L. and Gr. pro, Skr. pra, garrison. [OF.; L.I.. fortia,
before/] —
For as much as, or forasmuch as. In con- strength, fr. L. fortis,
sideration that; seeing that; since. — For ever. Eter- strong; s. rt. firm, fort, for-
nally; at all times. —
For, or as for. So far as con- titude.'] —
In force, or of
cerns ; as regards; -with reference to. Forev'er, — force. Of unimpaired effi-
adv. To eternity ; eternally at all times continu-
; ; cacy; valid; of full virtue;
ally; incessantly; always; endlessly. not suspended or reversed.
Forage, i'5r'ej, n. Act of providing food; food for — For'cer, n. One who, or
horses and cattle. v. i. —
[foraged (-ejd), -aging.] that which, forces or drives;
(

To wander in search of food; to ravage, feed on esp. the solid piston of a pump. —
spoil.— v. t. To strip of provisions, supply with For'cible, -sT-bl, a. Possessing
forage. [OF. feurage, pillage, fr. forrer, to forage, force, efficiency, or energy; marked
fr. torre, fuerre, fodder, straw, LL. fodrium, fr. by excessive violence; using force
=
ODan. foder E. fodder, q. v.] For'ager, »*.— — against opposition obtained by;

Foray, Forray, fo-ra' or fOr'a, n. A sudden incur- compulsion; powerful; efficacious";

sion in border war; a raid. v. t. —
To ravage. potent; weighty; cogent. For'- —
Foramen, fo-ra'men, n. ; pi. -hamina, -ram'Y-ua. A cibly, adv. —
Force'- or For'cing-
little opening; perforation. [L., fr. forare, to bore; pump, n. A kind of pump used =!
s. rt. bore.] —
Foram'inated, -inous, -T-nus, a. Pierced to throw water to a distance, or "*=
with small holes; porous. —
Foram ini"' erous, a. force it onward by direct action of „ '
Forcing-pump.
Having many chambers or holes. the piston.
Forbear, f6r-bar', v. i. [imp. fokbore (-bor') or (obs.) Force, fors, v. t. (Cookery.) To P. pUton; D, de
forbare; p. p. forborne; forbearing.] To re- stuff, lard. [Corrupt, of farce, q. l^ery 'ube.
frain from proceeding, pause, delay; to refuse, de- v. ME. farsen, F. farcer.]
; Force'-meat, n. —
cline. — v. t. To avoid, abstain from; to treat with Meat chopped fine, seasoned, and used as stuffing.
consideration, indulge, bear with. [For-, insep. Forceps, fSr'seps, n. A
two-bladed instrument for
prefix, intensive, or meaning from (AS>., Ic, Dan., grasping or traction a pair of tongs or pincers, esp.
;

and Sw. for-, D. and G. ver-, Goth./ra-, Skr. para-; for delicate operations, as those of watchmakers,
s. rt. from, far), and bear, q. v.] —
Forbear 'ance, n. dentists, etc. [L., fr. formus, hot, and rt. of capere,
Act of, or quality of being, forbearing; long-suffer- to take.]
ing; patience; refraining; mildness. —
Forbid', v. t. Ford, ford, n. A
place where a river, or other water,
[-bade (-bad''); p. p. -bidden* or (obs.) -bid -bid- ; may be passed by wading; a stream; current, v. t. —
ding.] To command to forbear, or not to do; to for- To wade through. [AS., fr. faran, to go, fare, q. v.J
bid from entering or approaching; to oppose, ob- —
Ford'able, a.
struct, prohibit, interdict, hinder. —v. i. To utter Fore, for, a. Advanced in place or position; toward
a prohibition, prevent. —
Forbid'dance, n. Act of, the front; forward; advanced in time; antecedent;
or condition of being, etc. —
Forbid'der, n. For- — advanced in order or series. adv. In advance; at —
bid'ding. p. a. Repelling approach: repulsive; un-
—
the front; in the part that precedes. n. The front. —
pleasant; odious; abhorrent. Forbore, -borne. See [AS. fore, prep, same as for, q. v.; fore,foran, adv.]
—
Forbear. Forfend' or Forefend', v. t. To fend —
Fore and aft. (Xaut.) From one end of the ves-
off, avert, forbid, prohibit, defend, guard, secure. — sel to the other lengthwise. F.-and-aft rigged. —
Forego', v. t. [imp. forewent; p.p. -gone; -going.]
;

(Naut.} Not carrying square topsail yards. To the —

To quit, leave, relinquish the enjoyment or advan- f. In front; in plain sight; ready for use. For'- —
tage of, give up, resign, renounce. [See also under mer, o. compar. Preceding in time; ancient; long-
Fore.] —Forget/, v. t. [imp. -got or (obs.) -gat; p. past prior anterior; foregoing; first mentioned.
p. -got, -gotten; -getting.] To lose the remem-
; ;

[A false formation fr. AS. forma (superl. of fore} =

brance of; not to think of: to treat with inattention, L. primus.] —
For'merly, -IT, adv. In time past; of
slight, neglect.— To forget one's self. To be guilty old; heretofore. — Fore'most, a. First in place;
of what is unworthv of one; to lose one's dignity, chief in rank, dignity, etc. [ME. formest, for forme,
temper, or self-control. —
Forget' ful, -ful, a. Apt to first, AS. forma; same as prime, q. v.] For'ward, —
forget; heedless; careless; neglectful. Forget'ful-— -wards, adv. Toward a part or place before or in
aess. n. Quality of being forgetful; loss of remem- front; onward; in advance; progressively, opp. to —
brance or recollection oblivion; failure to bear in
; backward. [AS. foreweard.] For'ward, a. Near —
mind; careless omission.— Forget'-me-not', n. (Bot.) or at the fore part; ready; prompt; willing; earnest;
A small herb, bearing a blue flower, the emblem — eager; over ready; less modest or reserved than is
of fidelity. —Forget, ter, m. —
Forgive', -giv', v. t. proper ; unusually advanced; precocious; prema-
[imp. -gave; p. p. -given; -giving.] To cease to im- ture. —
v. t. To help onward, advance, promote; to
pute, remit, excuse; to cease to feel resentment send forward, transmit. —
For'warder, n. One who,
against, absolve, pardon. —
Forgiv'able, a. For- — etc.; esp. who transmits goods. For'wardly, ado. —
give'ness, n. Act of, or disposition or willingness —
For'wardness, «.— Fore'-arm, v. t. To arm or
to, etc.; pardon; remission. —
Forgiv'er, n. For- — prepare for attack or resistance before the time of
giv'ing, p. a. Disposed to forgive; mild; merciful; need. —
Fore-arm', n. (Anat.) That part of the arm
compassionate. —
Forlorn', a. Deserted lost in ; ; between elbow and wrist. Forebode', v. t. To —
pitiful plight; despicable; abject; pitiable. [AS. foretell, prognosticate; to have an inward convic-
forloren,p. p. of forleosan, to destroy, lose utter- tion of, as of a calamity to happen; to presage, por-
ly. See Lose.] —
Forlorn'ness, n. —
Forlorn hope. tend, betoken.— Forebod'er, n. Fore'cast, v. t. —
( Mil.) A detachment of men to lead in an assault, [-cast; -casting.} To contrive beforehand, scheme,
enter a breach, or perform service of uncommon project: to foresee, provide against. v. 1. To con-
peril. [D. verloren hoop: hoo/> =
band, troop.] — trive beforehand. —
Forecast, n. Previous contriv-
Forsake', v. t. [imp. -sook (-sot>k); p. p. -sak'en; ance or determination; foresight of consequences,
-sak'ing.] To quit or leave entirely, depart or and provision again st them progn ostication. Fore'- ; —
withdraw from, abandon, desert, reject. [AS. for- castle, -kas-sl, n. (Naut.) That part of the upper
socan; sacan, to contend.] —
For sak'er, n. For- — deck of a vessel forward of the foremast, or of the
swear', -swar', v. t. [imp. -swore (-swor); p. p. after part of the fore channels; in merchant vessels,
-sworn; -swearing.] To reject or renounce upon the forward part of the vessel, under the deck, where
oath; to renounce earnestly or with protestations; the sailors live. See Ship. Forecit'ed, -sit'ed, a. —
to deny upon oath. — v. i. To swear falsely, commit Cited or quoted before or above. Foredoom', v. t. —
perjury. —Forswear'er, n. perjurer. A To doom beforehand, predestinate.— Fore'father,
Force, fors, n. Strength or energy of body or mind; n. One who precedes another in the line of geneal-
e.-p. power to persuade, convince, or impose obliga- ogy an ancestor. —
Fore'finger. -fin-ger, n. The fin-
tion; compulsory power; strength for war; a body of
;

ger next to the thumb; the index. Fore'foot, n. ; —

combatants. (Law.) Violence; validity; efficacy. pi. -feet. One of the anterior feet of an animaL
(Physics.) Any action between 2 bodies tending to (Xaut.) A
piece of timber terminating the keel at
change any physical relation between them. v.*. — the fore-end, and connecting it with the stem. —
[forced (forst), forcing.] To constrain to do, or Fore'front, -frunt, n. The foremost part or place.
to forbear, by exertion of power not resistible; to —
Forego', v. t. [imp. -went; p. p. -gone; -going-
impress by force to do violence to, esp. to ravish,
; To go before, precede. [See also under Forbear.
—
.

violate; to obtain by strength, capture by assault; Foregone conclusion. One which has preceded ar-
to impel, drive, wrest, extort, get, etc., by main gument or examination; one predetermined.— For©-* j

sun, cube, full ; moon, fo"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then» boNboir, chair, get.
 — ;
;

FORE 216 FOiLLVi

ground, n. That part of the of a picture which

field To warn beforehand, caution in advance, inform
seems to lie nearest the spectator, or before the fig- previously.
ures. — Fore'hand, n. All that part of a horse be- Foreclose, for-kloz r , v. t. {-closed C-klozd'), -clo-
fore the rider; the most important part; prudence; sing.] To shut up or out, preclude, stop, prevent,
advantage. —Fore 'handed, a. Early; timely; sea- bar, exclude. [OF. forclorre, f r. L. foris, outside,
sonable; not behindhand; in easy circumstances. and claudere, to shut.] Foreclosure, -zhur, n. Act —
Fore'head, i'Sr'ed, n. That part of the face from or process of foreclosing; a process in law which bars
the usual line of hair on the top of the head to the a mortgager's right of redeeming a mortgaged estate.
eyes; the brow; assurance. —
Forejudge', v. t. To Foreign, for'in, a. Not native extraneous alien; ; ;

judge before hearing the facts and proof, prejudge.
(O. Eng. Law.) To expel from court for miscon-
duct. — Foreknow', -no', v. t. [imp. -knew; p.p.
-known; -knowing.] To have previous knowledge
of, know beforehand. - Foreknow'er, n. Fore-
knowl'edge, -nQl'ej, n. Knowledge of a thing be-
fore it happens; prescience.— Fore'land, n. prom-
ontory or cape; head-land. {Fort.) Apiece of ground
between the wall of a place and the moat. Fore'-
lay', v. t. To contrive antecedently; to lie in wait
for. — Fore'lock, n. The lock of hair growing from
the forepart of the head. (Xaut.) A flat piece of
iron driven through the end of a bolt, to retain it in
remote; not pertinent; not appropriate; not agree-
able; not admitted; excluded; outlandish; remote;
extrinsic. [OF. forain, fr. h.foras, out of doors, fr.
fores, doors; s. rt. h. forum, market-place, E. doorj
— — For'eigner, n. One of a foreign country ; an
alien. —
For'eignness, n.
A Forefend. See under Forbear.
Forensic, fo-ren'sik, -sical, a. Pert, to courts of ju-
— dicature or public discussion and debate; used in
courts and legal proceedings, or in public discus-
sions ;argumentative. [L. forensis, pert, to the
forum, market-place, court.]
Forest, for'est, n. An extensive wood in U. S., a ;

place. — To take time, or occasion, by the forelock. wood of native growth. {Eng. Law.) Royal hunt-
To make prompt use of anything; not to let slip an ing-ground. v. i. —
To cover with trees or wood.
opportunity. —Fore'man, n. ;pl. -men. The first or [OF.; LL. foresta, a wood, forestis, open ground re-
Chief man, —
as, the chief man of a jury, who acts served for hunting, fr. L. foris, out of doors.} —
as their speaker; chief of a set of hands employed in For'ester, n. One in charge of, or inhabiting, etc.
a shop; overseer. —
Fore'mast, n. {Naut.) The for- — For'estry, -rY, n. Art of forming or managing, etc.
ward mast of a vessel; the one nearest the bow. See Forever. See under For.
Ship. — Foremen'tioned, -shund, a. Mentioned be- Forfeit, fdr'fit, a. Lost or alienated f or an off ense
fore; recited in a former part of the same writing.— liable to penal seizure. n. thing lost, or the — A
Fore'name, n. A
name preceding the family name right to which is alienated, by a crime, offense, neg-
or surname; a first name. —
Fore'named, -namd, a. lect of duty, or breach of contract; a fine; mulct;
Named or nominated before; mentioned before in penalty; something deposited and redeemable by a
the same writing. —
Fore'noon, n. The former part fine.— v.t. To lose, or lose the right to, by some
of the day, from morning to noon. Fore-ordain',— fault, etc. [OF. forfait, a fine, crime punishable by
V.t. To ordain or appoint beforehand; to predes- fine, prop. p. p. of forfaire, orig. forsfdire, to tres-
tinate, predetermine. —
Fore-or'dina'tion, n. Pre- pass, f r. LL. forisfactum, a trespass, a fine, prop. p.
vious appointment; predestination. Fore'part, n.— p. of forisfacere, to transgress, fr. L. foris, out of
The part most advanced, or first in time or in place, doors, and/acere, to do.] Forfeitable, a. For- — —
anterior part, beginning. —
Fore'-plane, n. { Carp.) feiture, -ft-chur, n. Act of forfeiting; the losing of
The first plane used after the saw and ax; jack- some right, privilege, estate, honor, office, or effects,
plane.— Fore'rank, n. The first rank, front.— Fore- by an offense, crime, breach of condition, etc. ;
run', v. t. [imp. -ban; p. p. -run; -running.] To thing forfeited; amercement; penalty.
run before, precede; to come before as an earnest of Forgave._ See Forgive, under Forbear.
something to follow, announce. —
Forerun'ner, n. Forge, forj, n. A place where iron is wrought by
A messenger sent before to give notice of the ap- heating and hammering; esp. a furnace, where iron
proach of others a harbinger; sign foreshowing
; is. wrought; a smithy; works where iron is rendered
something to follow; prognostic. Fore'sail, n.— malleable by puddling and shingling; a workshop;
(Naut.) A sail extended on the fore-yard; the first place where anything is produced, shaped, or de-
triangular sail before the mast of a sloop or cutter. — v. t. [forged (forjd), forging.] To form
vised.
See Sail. —Foresee', v. t. [imp. -saw; p. p. -seen; by heating and hammering to shape out in any ;

-seeing.] To see beforehand, see or know before way, produce; to make falsely; to produce (that
occurrence, foreknow. —
Foreseer', -ser', n. Fore- — which not genuine), fabricate, counterfeit, feign,
is
shad'ow, v. t. To shadow or t}'pify beforehand, falsify. — v.
i. To commit forgery. (Xaut.) To
prefigure. — Foreshort'en, -sh6rt'n, v. t. {Paint.) move heavily and slowly, as a ship with the sails
To shorten by representing in an oblique position; furled. [OF., a forge, forgier, to forge, fr. L,.fabrica,
to represent as seen obliquely. —
Foreshort'ening, n. faurca,forga,a, workshop, fabric; bp. fofja, a forge,
The representation or appearance, or diminution of forjar, to iorge.J For'ger, n. —
One who forges,
length, of objects viewed obliquely.— Foreshow', v. makes, or forms a fabricator esp. one guilty of
; ;

t. \imp. -SHOWED; p. p. -shown; p. pr. & vb. n. forgery. —

For'gery, -jer-T, n. Act of forging, fab-
-showing.] To show or exhibit beforehand, prog- ricating, or producing falsely esp., the crime of ;

nosticate, foretell. —
Foreshow'er, n. —
Fore'side, n. fraudulently making a writing purporting to be
The front side a specious outside. Fore'sight,
;
— done by another; thing forged.
-sit, n. The act or power of foreseeing; prescience; Forget, Forgive, Forlorn, etc. See under Forbear.
foreknowledge; action in reference to the future; Fork, f6rk, n. An instrument with prongs or tines;
wise forethought. {Surv.) Any sight or reading of anything fork-shaped one of the branches of a ;

the leveling-staff, except the one backward, called river, road, etc.; place where a road, tree, etc., di-
the back-sight. —
Fore'skin, n. (Anat.) The skin vides; a prong; point. v. i. forked (f6rkt), fork-— \

that covers the glans penis prepuce. —

Forestall', v. ing.] To shoot into blades, as corn; to divide into
t.
,

To take beforehand, anticipate; to pre-occupy; branches. v. t. —

To raise or pitch with a fork, as
to exclude, hinder, or prevent, by prior occupation hay to dig and break with a fork, as ground to
; ;

or by measures taken in advance to monopolize, ; form into a fork-like shape; to bifurcate. [AS.. fore,
engross. {Eng. Law.) To obstruct or stop up, as a D..vork,L.furca,a fork.]— To fork over. To hand
way; to intercept on the road. —
Forestall'er, n. or pay over. —
Fork'edness, -iness, n. Quality or
One who purchases provisions before they come to state of opening in a tork-iike manner. Fork'y, -I, —
market, to raise the price. —
Foretaste', n. taste A a. Opening into parts, shoots, or points; locked
beforehand anticipation.
;
—
Fore'taste, v. t. To furcated.
taste before full possession, anticipate; to taste be- Form, form, n. The shape and
structure of anything;
fore another. —Foretell', v. t. To tell before occur- configuration; frame; external appearance; a men-
rence, foretoken, foreshow, predict, augur. v. i. — tal transcript or image; constitution; mode of con-
To utter prediction or prophecy, Foretell 'er, n. — — struction, arrangement, organization, etc. estab- :

Fore'thought, -thawt, n. Anticipation; prescience; lished method or practice: formula; show without
premeditation; provident care; forecast. Foreto'- — substance conventionality: formality; orderly ar-
—
;

ken, -kn, v. U To foreshow. Fore'token, n. Prog- rangement shapeliness comeliness

; beauty a ; ; ;

nostic; previous sign. —

Fore'-tooth, n. ; pi. -teeth. shape phantom mold ; pattern model a long
; ; ; ;

(.Anat.) One of the teeth in the forepart of the bench or seat; a class in a school; class or rank in
—
mouth; aniPCLScr. Fore'top, n. The hair on the society; the seat orbed of a hare. {Print.) A page,
fore part oi r.£>e head; fore-lock; that part of a head- or pages, imposed and locked up in a chase. ( Parent
dress that is forward. (Naut.) The platform at the Perception of form. See Phrenology. — v. t.
head of the foremast. See Ship. Forewarn', v. t. — [formed (t'6rmd), forming.] To give form or shape
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 2nd, eve, term ; In. Ice ; 5dd, tone, dr j
 FORMER 217 FOSTER
to; to construct, fashion; tomodel, mold, train; to Loud; strong; powerfully. [It.] — Fertis'simo, -se-
go to make up, act as constituent of to provide ; mo, adv. (Mus.) Very loud with the utmost ;

with a form, as a hare. [OF. forme, L. forma, strength. [It., superl. 01 forte.]
shape.]— Form'er, n.— Formless, a. Shapeless; Forth, fSrth, adv. Forward; onward in time or in place;
without determinate form irregular in shape. ;
— out from a state of concealment, confinement, non-
Form'sl, a. Pert, to the form, external appearance, development, etc.; beyond the boundary of a place;
or organization of a thing; pert, to the constitution away abroad. [AS. fonlh, a form of fore, before,
;

of a thing, as disting. fr. the matter composing it; D. voort, fr. voor, before ,G. fort, MUG. vort, fr. vor,
constitutive; essential; done in due form, or with before. See Fore and For.] From forth. Forth —
solemnity ; express according to form; regular ; ; from. —
Forth'-com'ing, a. Ready to come forth,
methodical; having the form without the substance or appear; making appearance.— Forthwith'', -with'
or essence; dependent on form; conventional; pre- or -with', adv. Immediately without delay di- ; ;

cise ceremonious stiff prim. — Form'ally, -IT, rectly. [Prob. corrup. fr. ME. forthwithull. See
adv.
; ;

— Form'&Hsm, -izm, n. Quality of being form-

;

al, esp. in matters of religion. — Fofm'alist, n. One
orer-attentive to forms. — Formal 'ity, -T-tI,ra. Con-
dition or quality of being formal, express, strictly
ceremonious, precise, etc.; form without substance;
compliance with conventional rules ceremony
conventionality; the formal part; essence; an es-
tablished order; usual and express method. For-
mation, n. Act of giving form or shape to or of
giving being to; manner in which a thing is formed;
structure; construction. (Gfeol.) The series of rocks
belonging to an age, period, or epoch. (Mil.) An
arrangement of troops, as in square, column, etc.
Form'ative, -tiv, a. Giving form; plastic. (Gram.)
Serving to form derivative
; not radical. n.
(Gram.) That which serves merely to give form,
and is no part of the radical; a word formed in ac-
cordance with some rule or usage, as from a root.
under Withal.] —
Further, fSr'rhSr, a. compar.
More remote; more in advance; farther; additional.
— adv. To a greater distance; moreover. —v. t.
[furthered (-Srd), -ering.] To help forward, pro-
mote, advance, forward, assist. [AS. furdhur, furd-
; ;
hor, further (adv.), fr. fore; D. verier, voraers, fr.
vor ;OHG. fiirdir,furdor, ir-furi, before; AS. fyrdh-
— ran, D. vorderen, G. foerdem, to further.] Fur- —
therance, -ans, n. Act of furthering; advancement.
— FuTtherer, n. —
Furthermore, adv. or conj.
Moreover; besides; in addition to what 'has been
said. — Furthermost, a. Most remote; furthest. —
— Furthest, a. superl. Most remote; farthest. adv. —
At the greatest distance.
; — Fortieth, Fortnight, etc. See under Four.
Fortify, Fortitude, Fortress. See under Fort.
Fortune, fSr'chun, n. Chance accident luck ; for-
— tuity; appointed lot in life fate; destiny; what be-
;
; ;

Formula, -la, n. ; L. pi. -LM, -\e; E. pi. -las, -laz. A falls one; event; good or ill success; esp. favorable
prescribed or set form; established rule. (Eccl.) A issue ; estate possessions esp. large estate, great
;

written confession of faith. (Math.) rule ex- A wealth. — ;

v. i. To come casually to pass; to happen.

pressed in algebraic language. (Med.) prescrip-
tion or recipe. (Ghem.) An expression, by means
of symbols and letters, of the constituents of a com-
pound. [L., dim. of forma.] Formulary, -la-rl,
A [F.; L. fortuna, fr. fors, chance; s. rt. L./erre, E.
bear.] —
Fortunate, -nat, a. Coming by good luck;
auspicious; receiving some unexpected good; lucky:
— successful prosperous. [L. fortunatus, p. p. 01
;

—
n. A book containing prescribed forms; prescribed fortunare, to make prosperous.] Fortunately,
model; formula.— a. Stated; prescribed; ritual. adv. — For 'tunateness, ra. —
For' tune-huntfer, n. A
— Formulate, v. t. To reduce to, or express in, a man who seeks wealth by marrying a rich woman.
formula.— For'mulize, v. t. [-lized (-Hzd), -lizing.] hunt'ing, n. Seeking of a fortune by marriage.—
—
To formulate. For / mular / iza''tion, n. Act of, etc. -tell'er, n. One who pretends to reveal the future
a formularized or formulated statement or exhibi- events of one's life. teLVing, n. Actor practice
tion. of, etc. —
Fortuitous, -tu'r-tus, a. Happening by
Former, Formerly. See under Fork. chance; occurring unexpectedly, or without known
Formic, fdr'mik, a. (Ghem.) Pert, to ants,— as, cause; accidental; casual; contingent; incidental.
formic acid, .11 acid obtained orig. fr. red ants, now [ME. and OF. fortuit, L. fortuities, fr. fors.]— For-
by artificial distillation. [L. formica, ant; prob. s. tuitously, adv. —
Fortuitousness, ra.— Fortuity,
rt Gr. murmex, an ant.] For'myle, -mil, n. — -T-tY, ra. Accident; chance; casualty.
(Ghem.) The hypothetical base of formic acid. Forty. See under Four.
Formica'tion, n. (Med.) A sensation like that made Forum, fo'rum, ra. ; E.pl. -rums, Z. pi. -ra, -ra. A
by the creeping of ants on the skin. [L. formicatio, market-place or public place in Rome, where causes
fr. formicare, to creep like ants, to feel like the were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the
creeping of ants.] —
Formicary, -ka-rl, n. An ant- people; a tribunal court assembly empowered to
; ;

hill. [L.formicarium.] decide eauses. [L.; s. rt. fores, doors. See Door.]
ormidable, fSr'mT-da-bl, a. Exciting fear or appre- Forward, Forwardness, etc. See under Fore.
hension terrible shocking; tremendous. [F.; L.
; ; Forzando, 16rd-zan / do, adv. (Mus.) Sudden and
formidahilis, fr. formidare, to dread, formido, fear.] forcible; explosive,— usually indicated by the mark
— For'midableness, n. Formidably, adv.— > over each note of the passage, or by the letters sf
Formula, Formulate, etc. See under i orm. or fz at the beginning of the passage, written also —
Fornicate, fSr'nt-kat, -cated, a. Vaulted; arched.— sforzando. [It., prop. p. pr. of forzare, to force.]
Fornicate, v. i. To have unlawful sexual inter- Fosse, fos, n. (Fort.) A
ditch or moat. (Anat.) A
course. [L. fornicari, -catus, fr. fornis, a vault, non-articular depression in a bone, wider at the
arch, also a brothel.] —
Fornica'tion, n. Inconti- margin than at the bottom; one of variously shaped
nence or lewdness of an unmarried person; criminal cavities in the soft parts. [OF.; L../bssa, a ditch,
conversation of a married man with an unmarried ±r.fodere,fossum, to dig s. rt. Gr. bothros, a ditch.]
woman. (Scryjt.) Adultery; incest; idolatry. [OF.] — ;

Fos'sil, a. Dug out of the earth; pert, to, or like,

— For'nica'tor, n. One guilty of fornication. fossils; petrified. n. —
A substance dug from the
Ferray. See under Forage. earth. (Paleon.) The petrified form of a plant or
Forsake, Forswear, etc. See under Forbear. animal in the strata of the earth. [OF. fossile, L.
Forsooth, foT-sooth', adv. In truth; in fact; certain- fossilis, dug up.] —
Fos'silist, n. One versed in,
ly; very well, —
often used ironically. [AS. for and etc. ; a paleontologist. —
Fos'silize, v. t. [-ized
sodh, truth.] (-Izd), -iziNG.] To convert into a fossil or petrifac-
Fort, fort, n. (Mil.) A
fortified place; fortress; for- tion to cause to become antiquated, rigid, or fixed,
;

tification. [OF., strong, also a fort, hold, Jj.fortis, as by fossilization. v. i. —

To become changed or
strong. See Force, n.]— Fort'alice, -is, n. (Mil.) antiquated, etc. —
Fos'siliza'tion, ra. Act or pro-
A small outwork of a fortification. [OF. fortelesce, cess of converting, etc. —
Fos'siliferous, -us, a.
Sp. fortaleza, LL. fortalitia.] Fortress, n. — A (Pal°.on.) Containing fossil or organic remains. [L.
fortified place; stronghold; fortified town; castle; ferre, to bear.]
citadel. [OF. forteresce.] —
Fortify, -tt-fi, v. t. Foster, fos'tSr, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To
[-fied (-fid), -fying.] To add strength to, strength- feed, nourish, support, rear up; to cherish, forward,
en; to secure by forts, batteries, etc. [OF. fortifier, promote the growth of, stimulate. [AS. fostrian, fr.
LL. fortificare, -catwn, fr. L. fortis and faccre, to fostor, nourishment, foda, food, q. v.; Ic. and Sw.
make.] — For' tifl'er, n. — For / tifi
/
able, a. — For'ti- fostra, to nurse, foster, Dan. foster, offspring.] —
fica'tion, n. Act of, or that which, etc.; esp. de- Fos'terer, ra. —
Fos'terage, -ej, n. Charge of nurs-
fensive works; fortress; citadel; bulwark. For'ti- — ing. — Fos'ter-broth'er, n. male child nursed at A
the same breast, or fed by tie same nurse, with an-
tude, -tQd, n. Passive courage; resolute endurance;
firmness in confronting danger. [L. fortitndo.]
Forte, fort, n. The strong point; that in which one
— other of different parents. sis'ter, ra. female
child, -son, n. One nursed by a woman
— A
excels. [It. forte, F.fort.] —
For'te, -ta, adv. (Mus.)
child, etc.
or bred by a man not the parent. fa/ther, -moth'- —
siin, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boirboN, chair, get.
 ; ;

FOTHER 218 FRACTION

er, n. One who
takes the place of a parent in bring- the 3d and preceding the
ing up a child. —
Fosterling, n. foster-child. A
5th forming 1 of 4 parts ;

Fcther, foth'e'r, v. t. [-ered (-erd), -bring.] To stop into which a thing is di-
(a leak in a ship's bottom) by drawing under it a vided. n. One of 4 equal —
sail containing oakum to be sucked into the cracks. parts into which, etc.
[G.futtern, to cover, line.] (Mus.) The interval be-
Fought. See Fight. tween one tone and that
Foul, fowl, a. Covered with or containing extraneous represented on the 4th de- a
matter which is noxious or offensive nasty; im- gree of the staff above it.
;

pure ; morally defiled in origin or tendency ob- [AS. feortha.] Fourthly, —

scene; scurrilous; cloudy or rainy stormy; loath- adv. In the_ 4th place.
;
;

—
some; hateful; unpropitious not fair or advanta-
; Fourteen, -ten, n. The sum
geous; not conformed to the established rules of a of 10 and 4 symbol repre- ;

game, conflict, test, etc.; unfair; dishonest; cheat- senting this number, as 14
ing; interfered with in motion by collision or en- or xiv. a. 4 and 10 more Four-way Cock. —
tanglement with any thing entangled. ;v. t. —
twice 7. [AS. feowertyne.]
[fouled (fowld), fouling.] To make filthy, defile, —
Fourteenth, a. Succeed a, to steam-pipe 6, to ;

dirty, soil to bring into collision with something

; ing the 13th and preceding u PP er cylinder c, to ;

that impedes motion; to jostle, in a race. v. i. To —

the 15th; making one of condenser; d, to lower
become entangled or clogged. n. An entangle- — 14 parts.— n. One of 14 cylinder,
ment; collision. [AS. and Sw./uJ, D. vuil, Ic. Jull, equal parts. (Mus.) The octave of the 7th. Fort'* —
Goth, fuls, G.faul; s. rt. defile, putrid.] foul —A
night, n. The space of 14 nights; 2 weeks. [ME-
copy. A first draught, with erasures and corrections. fourtenight.] Fort 'nightly, -It, adv. Once in, etc. —
— To fall f. To fall out. quarrel. To run or fall — —
Forty, -tt, a. 4 times 10; 39 and 1 added. n. —
f. of. To come into collision with. Foully, -IT, —
The sum of 40 units; symbol representing it, as 40
adv. — Foul'ness, n. — Foul'-mouthed, -mowthd, orxl. [AS. feowertig.] Fortieth, -tt-eth, a. Fol- —
-gpok'en, a. Using language scurrilous, opprobri- lowing the 39th; constituting 1 of 40 parts. ». One —
ous, obscene t or profane; abusive. of 40 equal parts. [AS. feowertigadha.]
Foulard, foo-lard / , n. A
thin fabric of silk or silk- Fourierism, foo'rt-er-izm, n. The system of Charles
cotton, orig. from India, for handkerchiefs and Fourier, who urged the reorganization of society
dresses. into small communities, living in common. Fou /- —
Foumart, fdo'mart, n. The pole-cat; fitchew. [ME. rierite, -It, n. A believer in, etc.
folmart, f r. AS. ful, foul, stinking, and OF. marte, Fowl, fowl, n. bird, esp. a large, edible bird; a full A
marten.] grown barn-door fowl. [Generally used collectively
Found, Foundling. See under Find. of wild birds, and in pi. of domesticated birds.] —
Found, fownd, v. t. To fix upon a basis, literal or v.i. To catch or kill wild fowl. [AS. fugol, D. and
figurative; to fix or establish firmly, predicate, base, G. vogel, Ic. and Dan. fugl.] Barn-door fowl. — A
ground; to furnish materials for beginning, begin common farm-yard cock or hen. Fowl 'er, n. — A
to raise, build, institute. [OF. fonder, Jj.fundare, sportsman who takes, kills, or pursues wild fowl. -
-atum, fr. fundus, foundation, base; s. rt. bottom.'] FowFing-piece, n. —
gun for shooting birds. A
Found'er, n. One who founds, establishes, and Fox, foks, n. (Zool.) predaceous animal of several A
erects; an author. —
Found'ress, n. woman who, A
species of the genus FaZpes^emarkable
etc.— Foundation, n. Act of founding, fixing, or for cunning. sly, cunning fellow. A
establishing; that upon which anything is founded; (Naut.) small A
groundwork ; base or underground part of a struc- strand of rope,
ture ; basis ; a donation, esp. for a charitable pur- made by twist-
pose an endowment an endowed institution or
; ing rope-yarns.
charity.
;

—
Foundationer, n. One supported from (Icth.) A fish;
the funds or foundation of a college or school. the dragonet. A
Found, fownd, v. t. To form by pouring metal into 1 ong-t ailed
a mold; to cast. [OF. fondre, to melt, cast, L./wra- shark, found in
dere, to pour, cast (metal). See Fuse.] Found'er, — temperate and
n. — Found'ery, -5r-i, -ry, -rt, n. Art of casting; tropical seas, —
works where metals are cast. Fount, Font, n. — the sea-ape, sea-
{Print.) A properly assorted quantity of type of fox, thrasher. —
the same size, style, and age. [OF. fonte.] v. t. [FOXED
Founder, fownd'er, v. i. [-ered (-erd), -ering.] (fokst), fox- Common Fox ( Vulpes vulgaris).

(Naut.) To fill with water, and sink, as a ship; to ing.] cover the feet of boots with new front
To
fail, miscarry; to trip, fall, stumble and go lame, as upper leather. To turn sour, said of beer. —
ahorse. —
v. t. To cause soreness in the feet or etc., in fermenting. [AS. and Ic; D. vos, G.fuchs.\
—
limbs of, so as to lame, said of a horse. n. (Far.) — — Fox and geese. The name of several games. —
A lameness from inflammation in a horse's foot; Foxed, fokst, a. Discolored or stained, said of —
inflammatory fever of the body, or acute rheuma- timber and of paper in books. Fox'y, -t, a. Pert, —
tism. [OF.jondrer, to sink in (a bog, etc.), fr. fond, to or like foxes wily; of the color of, etc., yellowish
Jj. fundus, bottom.] —
Found'erous, -Sr-us, a. Fail- or reddish brown sour,
;

said of grapes and of

: —
ing; liable to sink from beneath. beer not well fermented. Fox'iness, n. Craftiness; —
Fount, Fountain, fownt'in, n. spring or natural A shrewdness discoloration of books, etc.; decay; de-

——
;

source of water ; an artificially produced jet or terioration. Fox'-chase, n. Pursuit of a fox with
6tream of water; structure in which such a jet or hounds. e'vil, n. A disease in which the hair falls
stream flows origin ; first cause. [OF. funt,font, off.—glove, n. (Bot.) A perennial plant with showy
;

funtaine, LL. fontana, L. fans, fontis, a spring.] — flowers, whose bitter, poisonous leaves are used in
Fount'ain-head, n. Primary source — medicine digitalis. [AS. foxes glofa ; cf. Norwegian
original.
Font, n. A fountain, spring; a basin for water in
; ;

revhandskje, fr. rev, fox.] —

hound, n. A variety of
—
hunt, n. The chase of
baptism. [OF.; AS. fant, L./ons.]
Four, for, a. One more than 3, or one less than 5;
—
n. The sum of 4 units; a symbol repre-
a fox. —
hound for chasing foxes.
hunt'er, n. hunting,
——
-tail, n. (Bot.)
A species of grass. trap, n. A snare to catch foxes.
n—
twice 2.
senting four units, as 4 or iv. [AS. feower, Ic. fjorir,
Dan. fire, D. and G. vier, OHG. fior, W.pedwar, L.
— trot, n. A pace of a horse, between a walk and a
trot.
quatuor, Gr. tessares, Gr. dial, pisures, Russ. chet- Foyer, fwa-ya', n. A public hall; the lobby, or the
vero, Skr. chatvar.] —
Four'fold, a. 4 double quad- greenroom, of a theater. [F.; L. focarium, fr. focus,
ruple
rupie i 4 times toiu.
; told. n. i — iiiucn. — Four'-
4 times as much. — ;

fire-place.]
footed, o. Having 4 feet; quadruped. -Four
1
F( '-in-
-
— Fracas, fra'kas, n. An uproar ; noisy quarrel dis- ;

hand, a. Of or pert, to 4 objects, held by on< one hand, turbance. [F.; It. fracasso, fr. fracassare, fr.fra,
— ot a team of
said esp. of oi 4 horses.
norses. Four'-o'-c —
.tour' -o'-clock, n. among, and cassare, to break, fr. L. quassare, to
(Bot.) An Amer.
plant of several species, whose shatter, fr. quatere, to shake. See Quash.]
flowers open late in the day; after-noon-lady Mar- Fraction, frak'shun, n. portion; fragment. (Arith. A
vel of Peru. —
Four'score, a. 4 times 20 80. n. 80 ;
— ;

or Alg.) A
division or aliquot part of a unit or
units. [See Score.] —
Four'square, a. Having 4 whole number. [F.; Ti.fractio, -onis, a breaking,
side3 and 4 equal angles. —
n. That which has, etc. ir.frangere,fractum, to break; s. rt. break.]— Com-
a quadrangle.— Four'way, a. Allowing passage in mon or vulgar fraction. One in which the number
any one of 4 directions.— Fourth, a. Next following of equal parts into which the integer is divided ie

&m, fame, far, or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn. ice ; Odd, t6ne, 6r ;
 FRAGRANT 219 FREAK
indicated by figures or letters, called the denomi- Frangible, etc. See under Fraction.
nator, written below a line, over which is the nu- Frangipane, fran'jY-pan, n. A species of pastry, con-
merator, indicating the number of these parts in- taining cream and almonds; a perfume of jasmine.
cluded in the fraction, as i, [Prob. fr. the Marquis Frangipani.] Fran'gipan' —
ni, -pan'ne, n. A perfume from, or imitating, the
— Decimal/. One in which the denominator
a is flower of a W. India tree.
unit or 1 with ciphers annexed, — commonly
ex- Frank, frank, a. Free in uttering real sentiments;
pressed by writing the numerator only with a point not reserved; ingenuous; candid; open; sincere.
before it; thus, .5 = five tenths, ^; .25 = j^j--— v. t. [franked (fnankt), franking.] To send by
public conveyance free of expense; to exempt from
Fractional, -ary, -a-rT, a. Pert, to fractions; con- charge for postage. —
n. A letter free of postage, or
stituting a fraction. —
Frac'tious, -shus, a. Apt to of charge for sending by mail; that which makes a
break out into a passion; apt to fret; peevish; irrit- letter free, as the signature of one possessing the
able pettish. —
Frac'tiously, adv. Frac'tUus- — privilege. [OF. franc, LL. francus, free, OHG.
ness, n.
;

—
Frac'ture, -chur, n. Act of breaking or franko, free man, a Frank.] —
Frankly, adv. —
snapping asunder; rupture; breach. (Surg.) The Frank'ness, n. — Franklin, u. An English free-
breaking of a bone. (Jilin.) The appearance of a holder. [OF. frankeleyn, LL. franchilanus, ir.fran-
freshly-broken surface, displaying its texture, v. — chire, to render free, fr. franchius, francus, free.] —
t. [fractured (-churd), -turing.] To cause, etc.; Fran'chise, -chiz, n. A constitutional right or priv-
to break, crack. [OF.; L. fractura, a breach.] — ilege, esp. the right to vote. (Law.) A privilege
Comminuted fracture. One in which the bone is conferred upon individuals bv grant from a sover-
crushed, splintered, or broken into fragments. — eign or government. The district to which a partic-
Compound f. One in which fracture of the bone
— ular privilege extends; asvlum; sanctuary. v. t. —
is complicated by laceration of the integuments. [franchised (-chizd), -ciiising.] To make free.
Simple/. One in which the bone only is broken. — [ME., freedom; OF., privileged liberty, ir.franchir,
Fragile, fraj'iL a. Easily broken brittle frail ; ; LL. franchire, to f ree.] —
Fran'chisement, n. Re-
liable to fail. [F. l,.fragilis.] Fragility, -MY, n. — lease; freedom.— Frank / almoigne /\-moin /',n. (Eng.
—
;

State of being, etc. Frag'ment, n. A part broken Law.) A tenure by which a religious corporation
off; detached portion. [F.; ~L. fragmentum.]— Frag'- holds lands forever, usually on condition of praying
mentary, -a-rY, a. Composed of fragments; broken for the soul of the donor and his heirs. [NormF. al-
up; incomplete. (Geol.) Composed of fragments of moigne, ahnoignes, alms, q. v.] —
Frankpledge, n.
other rocks. —
Fran/able, -jT-bl, a. Capable of be-
— (O. Eng. Law.) A member of an ancient tithing,
ing broken; fragile. \JAj.frangibUis.] Fran/ gibil /'- each freeman being a pledge for the good conduct
ity,n. of the others, for the preservation of the public
Fragrant, fra'grant, a. Sweet of smell; having agree- peace; the tithing itself —
Frank'incense, -sens, n.
.

able perfume; odoriferous; balmy; spicy; aromatic. A fragrant resinous substance, from Arabia and In-
[F.; L.fragrans, -grantis, p. pr. oifragrare, to emit dia, burned as a religious incense or a medicinal
perfume.] —
Fra'grantly, adv.— Fra'grance, -gran- perfume; also a balsamic gum resin from the Nor-
cy, -gran-si, n. Quality of being, etc.; a sweet smell. way spruce, from which Burgundy pitch is made.
Frail, fral, a. Easily broken; fragile; liable to fail [OF. franc encens.]
and perish; not tenacious of life; weak; infirm; of Frank, frank, n. One of the German tribes inhabiting
infirm virtue; weak in resolution. [OF. fraile, fr. Franconia, who in the 5th centurv conquered Gaul
L. fragilis. See Fragile, under Fraction.] — and established the kingdom of France an inhabi-
FraiFneSB, n. —
Frail'ty, -tl, n. Condition of being tant of Western Europe; European, a term used —
;

frail; weakness of resolution; liableness to be de- in the East; a franc, q. v.

ceived; a fault proceeding from weakness; infirm- Frantic, etc. See under Frenzy.
ity; failing; foible. Frap, trap, v. t. [frapi-ed (frapt), frapping.] (Naut.)
Frail, fral, n. A
basket of rushes, for containing figs To undergird. [F.f'rapper, to strike, seize ropes, fr.
and raisins; quantity of raisins about 70 pounds — — Ic. hrappa, to scold.]
contained in such a basket; a rush for weaving bas- Fraternal, fra-ter /'nal, a. Pert, to brethren; becoming
kets. [NormF. fraile, basket, LL. fraellum-] brothers; brotherly. [OY.fraternel, LL. fraternalis,
Frame, fram, v. t. [framed (framd), framing.] (Carp.) L. fratemus, brotherly, frater, brother, q. v.] Fra- —
To construct, adjust and ternally, adv. — Fraternity, -nY-tY, n. State or
put together, fabricate, Of ,

, v>_ aa \pO qualuy of being fraternal; brotherhood; a body of

make; to originate, devise, men associated for their common interest, business,
invent or fabricate (some- or pleasure; a brotherhood. [OF fraternite, L.fra-'.

thing false) ; to regulate, tertiitas.]— Fraternize, fra'ter- or fra-ter'nlz, v.i.

shape, conform; to provide [-NIZED (-nizd), -sizing.] To associate or hold close
with a fi-ame, as a picture.
i

fellowship. [OF. fraterniser.] —

— n. Anything composed
of parts fitted and united
together ; a fabric struc-
Fra'terniza'tion, n.
— Frat'ricide, -rY-sid, n. The murder of a brother;
one who kills a brother. [L. fratricidium, murder
; of, etc. OF. fratricide, L. fratricida, the murderer
;

ture a case or structure for

;

Frame. (Carp.)
of, etc., fr. L. casdere, to kill.] —
Frat'iici'dal, a.
tdmitting, inclosing, o r Pert, to, or involving a brother's murder.
supporting things, as that lb, a b, uprights or Fraud, frawd, n. Deception deliberately practiced, to
which contains a window, posts; ed,ed, struts, gain an unfair advantage a deceptive trick; guile;
;

door, picture, etc.; a sort ties, or braces. craft; stratagem; imposition; cheat. [OF. fraude,
of loom the bodily struc-
; L. fraus, fraudis, guile; Skr. dhurta, fraudulent,
ture; make or build of a person; the skeleton; form; dhvri, to bend; s. rt. dull, dwell.] Fraad'ful, -ful,—
constitution; system; regulated or adapted condi- a. Treacherous ; trickish. —
Fraud'fully, adv.
'—
tion; particular state, as of the mind; humor. [AS. Fraud'ulent, -u-lent, a. Using, containing, founded
fremman, to effect, do, fram, from, strong, excellent, on, or proceeding fr., fraud; obtained or performed
fram, from, away, Ic. fremja, to further, framr by artifice; trickish; cunning; cheating: insidious;
(adj.), forward, fram (adv.), forward; s. rt. fore, unfair ; knavish. [OF.] —
Fraud'ulently, adv. —
prime.'] —
Balloon frame. (Carp.) frame for a A Fraud 'ulence, -lency, -len-sY, n. Qualitj' of Deing, etc.
Duilding constructed of slender studding mostly se- Fraught. See under Freight.
cured by nails. —
F. house. One whose frame is of Fray, fra, n. Affray: broil; contest; combat. ?', t. —
squared'timber. —
Fram'er, n. One who frames; a [frayed (frad), fraying.] To frighten, terrify,
maker. —
Frame '-work, n. That which supports or [Contr. of affray, q. v.]
incloses anything else a frame, framing. ; Fray, fra, n. A fret or chafe in cloth. v. t. To rub, —
Franc, frank, n. A
silver coin, orig. of France, equal wear off by rubbing, fret (cloth, etc.)— v. i. To
to about 19? cents. [F. Franc, E. Frank, name of a rub; to wear out easily by rubbing; to ravel. [OF.
Germanic people on the Rhine, that founded the frayer,froyer, L. fricare, to rub. See Friction.]
French monarchy.] Freak, frek, n. A sudden, causeless change of mind;
Franchise, etc. See under Frank. whim; caprice; sport. [AS.// ec, bold, rash, la.frekr,
-

Franciscan, fran-sis'kan, a. (Rom. Cath.) Belonging OHG. freh, greedy, Sw. frack, Dan. frsek, audacious,
to the order of St. Francis. n. A monk of the or- — G. frech, saucy.] —
Freak'ish, a. Apt to change the
der, founded in 1209, —
called also Gray Friars and mind suddenly; capricious; whimsical. Freak'- —
Friars Minor. ishly, adc. — Freak'islmess, n.
Francolin, frank'c-lin, n. A
species of partridge, of Freak, frek, v. t. [freaked (frekt), freaking.] To
Europe and Asia. [F. and Sp.] variegate, checker. —
Freckle, frek'l, n. yellow- A
efin, cube, full ; moon, fet>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —— J ;

FREE 220 FRET

ish spot in the skin; any small discoloration. v. t. — vegetation and turn it black, without farming hoar-
[freckled (-Id), -ling.] To color with freckles or frost. —
Frost 'y, -T, a. Attended with, or producing,
small discolored spots; to spot. —v. i. To become frost;without warmth of affection; appearing as
covered with freckles. [Ic. freknur, Sw. fraknar, covered with hoar-frost white gray-haired.; ;
—rt
freckles, Ga. breac, speckled, Gr. perknos, sprinkled Frost'ily, adv.— Frost'iness, n.— Frost'ing, n. Com-
with dark spots, Skr. pricni, variegated; perh. s. rt. position, resembling hoar-frost, used to cover cake,
— Freck'ly, -lit, a. Full of freckles. —Frost'-bite, n. The freezing of some part of

——
fleck.'] etc.
Free, fre, a. [fre'er, fre'est.] Not under restraint, the body by exposure to cold. bitten, -tn, p. a.
control, or compulsion; at liberty; not under arbi- Nipped or affected by, etc. fish, n. small fish, A
trary government; enjoying political liberty; liber- the tom-cod, abundant on the coasts of the U. S.
ated, by arriving at a certain age, from the control after frost commences.
of parents or master; released from arrest; capable Freight, frat, n. That with which, anything is laden;
of voluntary activity; clear of offense or crime; un- cargo; what is paid for transportation of merchan-
constrained by timidity or distrust; unrestrained; dise. —v. t. To load with goods, as a ship or vehicle.
immoderate; not close or parsimonious; liberal; not [OF. fret, OHG. freht, Sw. frakt, Dan. fragt, D.
united or combined with anything else; at liberty to vracht, G.fracht, a cargo; Sw.frakta, D&n.fragte,
escape exempt clear released; invested with a
; ; ; D. bevrachten, G. frachten, to freight, load.] —
freedom or franchise; not obstructed or appropri- Freight'age, -ej, n. Charge for transportation ;
ated; not gained by importunity or purchase; not freight; cargo; lading.— Freight'er, n. One who
arbitrary or despotic; assuring liberty .— v. t. [freed loads a ship; one whose business it is to forward
(fred), freezing.] To make free, set at liberty, dis- freight : one for whom freight is transported. —
engage, clear; to keep free, exempt; to relieve from Fraught, frawt, a. Freighted; laden; filled; stored.
the constraint of. [AS. freo, D. vrij, Ic, Sw., and French, trench, a. Pert, to France or its inhabitants.
Dan. fri, Goth, freis, G.frei, free; s. rt. Skr. priya, — n. The language of the people of France; collect-
dear, agreeable, E. friend.] —
Free agency. Power ively, the people of France. —French leave. Infor-
of choosing or acting freely. —
F. port. (Com.) A mal, hasty, or secret departure. French'man, n.; —
port where ships of all nations may load and unload pi. -men. A native or naturalized inhabitant of, etc.
free of duty, provided goods are not carried into the — Freneh'ify, -fi,[-fied (-fid), -fying.] To
v. t.
adjoining country; a port where goods are received make French, Gallicize. [L. facere, to make.] —
from ships of all nations at equal rates of duty. F. French'-ber'ry, n. The berry of a species of buck-
wind. (Naut.) A fair wind. —
Freely, adv. In a thorn, which affords a green or purple pigment. —
free manner; unrestrained; voluntarily; liberally; -chalk, n. (Min.) A
variety of talc, of a pearly-
largely. —
Free'ness, n. —
Free'dom, -dum, n. State white or grayish color, used
of being free; exemption from control; liberty; par- for drawing lines on cloth.
ticular privileges; franchise; immunity; improper
familiarity; license. [AS. freedom.'] Free'man, n.; —
— horn, n. A
wind-instru-
ment of music. roof, n. —
pi. -men. One who enjoys liberty; one not a slave A roof with 2 sets of rafters
or vassal; one possessed of a_peculiar privilege. [AS. on the sides, the lower near-
freoman.) —
Freed'man, fred'-, n. One who has ly vertical and the upper
been a slave, and is freed. —Freehold, n. (Law.) much inclined, giving much
An estate in real property, of inheritance or for life; space beneath the roof for
the tenure by which it is held. —
Free'holder, n. chambers hip roof curb French-horn.
;

—
;

—
One owning, etc. Free'boot'er, n. One who wan- roof; mansard roof -white, n. Pulverized talc.
.

ders about for plunder; a robber; pillager. [G.frei-
beuter, ir.frei, free, and beute, booty, q. v.] Free'-
ma'son, -sn, n. One of a secret association, said to
have been orig. composed of masons, now of persons
united for mutual assistance.— Free'ma'sonrv, -sn-
rf, n. Institutions or practices of, etc. Free'stone,—
n. Stone composed of sand or grit, easily cut.—
Frenzy, fren'zT, n. Violent agitation of the mind ap-
— proaching to distraction; insanity; madness; rage;
delirium. [OF. frenaisie, frenesie, L. and Late Gr.
phrenesis, fr. Gr. phrenitis, inflammation of the brain,
f r. phren, midriff, heart, senses.] Fran'tic, Fre- —
net'ic, -ical, Phrenet'ic, a. Mad raving noisy ;
wild. — Fran'tically, adv.
; ;

Free 'thinker, n. One who discards revelation; an Frequent, fre'kwent, a. Happening at short intervals;
unbeliever; skeptic. —
Free 'thinking, a. Skeptical. given to any eourse of conduct. —Frequent', v.t.
— n. Unbelief
iting liberty. ——
Free'-born, a. Born free; inher-
.

hand, a. Drawn with the unaided

hand, without instruments or measurement. —
To visit often, resort to habitually. [OF. frequent,
a., frequenter, v.,L.frequentare, to frequent, fr. (obs.)
frequere, to cram.] —
Frequent'er, n. Fre'quently, —
-hand'ed, a. Generous. —
-heart'ed, a. Open; frank; adv. Often; commonly. —
liberal.— — liv'er, n. One who gratifies his appetite
without stint. liv'ing, n. —
love', n. Doctrine or
Fre'quency, -sT, n. Con-
dition of returning frequently; occurrence often re-
peated.— Frequenta'tion, n. The habit of frequent-
—
without marriage. —
lsv'er, n.
cow-calf twin-born with a bull,
—
practice of consorting with one of the opposite sex,
mar 'tin, n.
—
usually barren.
A
—
ing. Frequent'ative, -tiv, a. ( Oram.) Serving to
express the frequent repetition of an action.
A verb which, etc.
n. —
In Amer. politics, an opponent of the
-soil'er, n.
extension of slavery; an abolitionist. trade', n.
Commerce unrestricted by tariff regulations or cus-
— Fresco, fres'ko, n. Coolness ; shade ; a method of
painting on walls on a freshly laid stucco-ground
of lime or gypsum. v. t. —
[frescoed (-kod), -go-
toms duties free interchange of commodities.
;
— ing.] To paint in fresco. [It., cool, fresh, OHG.
-trad'er, n. An advocate of, etc. war'ren, n. frisg,fritc, G.frisch, fresh, q. v.
(Eng. Law.) A
royal franchise or exclusive right Fresh, fresh, a. Possessed of original life and vigor»
of killing game within certain limits. will', n. new and strong ; lately produced, gathered, or pre-
Power of choosing without restraints of natural or pared for market ; recently made ; in a raw, green,
physical_necessity. —
a. Spontaneous; voluntary. or untried state renewed in vigor, or readiness for
;

Freeze, frez, v. i. limp, froze; p.p. frozen; freez- exertion ; tending to renew in vigor ; cool ; brisk;
ing.] To become congealed by cold; to be hardened not salt, as water or meat. n. —
pool or spring of A
into ice or a like solid body; to become chilled. v. — fresh water ; an inundation freshet the mingling ; ;

t. To congeal, harden into ice to cause loss of ani-

; of fresh with salt water in rivers or bays. [AS.
mation or life in ? from lack of heat; to chill.
Act of, or state of being, etc. [AS. and OHG. freos-
an, Ic. frjosa, Sw. frysa, D. vriezen, G. frieren, to
freeze; AS. forst, D. vorst, Ic, Dan., Sw., and G.
frost, frost, Goth, frius, cold; L. pruina, hoar-frost,
pruna, burning coal, pruire, to itch, burn, Skr. plush,
to burn.] — Freez'er, n. One who, or that which,
etc.; a refrigerator the utensils used in freezing
ice-cream. — ;
n. — fersc, Ic. ferskr, Sw. frisk, Dan. fersk, frisk, D.
versch, MHG. vrisch, virsch, fresh, Ic. friskr, frisky,
brisk ; s. rt. fare, ferry, fresco, frisk.]— Fresh way.
(Naut.) Increased velocity of a vessel. Fresh'ly, —
adv.— Fresh'nesB, n.— FreBh'en, v. t. [-ened (-nd),
-ening.] To make fresh, take saltness from any-
thing. (Naut.) To relieve, as by change of plnce,
or by renewing the material used to prevent chaf-

Freez'ing-point, n. That degree of a ing. —v. i. To grow fresh, lose saltness, grow brisk
thermometer at which fluids begin to freeze, said — or strong. —
Fresh'et, n. A
flood in a river from
esp. of water, whose freezing-point is at 32° Fah. — rains or melted snow. —
Fresh'force, n. (Law.)
Frore, From, fr5rn, a. Frozen; frosty. [For froren,
— Force done within 40 days. Fresh'man, n. ; pi. —
old p. p. of freeze. ; AS. froren, p. p. of freosan.] -men. A
novice; esp. a student during his first year
Frost, frBst, n. Act or state of freezing; severe cold; at college. —
Fresh'-wa'ter, a. Of, or pert, to, water
frozen dew, — hoar-frost or white-frost. v. t. To — not salt; accustomed to sail on or live in fresh water
cover with anything like hoar-frost, as cake with only; unskilled; raw.
sugar. —
Black frost. Cold so intense as to freeze Fret, fret, v. t. To wear away by friction, eat away,

fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t5rm ; tn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 FRET 221 FROCK
corrode, chafe make rough, agitate, disturb to
to German most nearly akin to English.
Frieslc, a. —
vex, make angry. — v. i. To be worn —
; ;

tease, irritate, Of, or pert, to, etc. Frieze, frez, n. coarse A

away or corroded; to chafe: to be agitated or vexed; woolen cloth with nap on one side. v. t. To make —
to utter peevish expressions. n. Agitation vex- ; a nap on (cloth). [F. frise, frize, Sp. frisa. orig.
ation ; agitation of the surface of a fluid, esp. by cloth of Friesland (D. Vrie.iland).]
fermentation, pi. (Mining.) The worn sides of Frieze, frez, n. (Arch.) That part of an entablature
river banks, where ores accumulate. [AS. fretan, between the architrave and cornice. [OF./r?'~e. cloth,
fr. for intens. and etan, to eat, Sw. /rata, ir.for and also a frieze in architecture, /rese,frai*e, a ruff, Sp.
ata, to eat, D. vreten, fr. ver and eten, G. fressen, fr. friso, a frieze, It. fregio, a fringe, border, chaplet.J
ver and essen, Goth, fraitan, fr. fra and item, to eat. Frigate, frig'at, n. A
ship of war, larger than a cor-
See Eat.] —
Fret'ful, -ful, a. Disposed to fret •,
vette or sloop of war, and less than a ship of the
peevish cross.
;
—
Freffully, adv. Freffulness, n. — line. [F. fregate. It. fregata, perh. fr. L. fabricare,
Tret, fret, v. t. To ornament with raised work, vari- to build.] —
Frig'ate-bird, n. A large and rapacious
egate, diversify. n. Herpes; tetter. [AS. fnetwan, tropical sea-fowl, allied to the pelican.
OS. fratahon,' to adorn AS. frxtwe, OS. fratahi, Fright, frit, n. A
passion excited by sudden danger ;
—
;

ornament. 1 — Frefty, -tT, a. Adorned with fret- violent fear alarm; terror; consternation.
; v. t.
work.— Fret 'work. n. Work adorned with frets; or- To alarm suddenly with danger, affright, scare,
namental open work in wood, iron, or stone. —Fret dismay, daunt. [AS. fyrhto, OS. forht, Dan.frygt.]
saw. A narrow saw for cutting fret and scroll work. — Fright'en, t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To fright.
—
.

Fret, fret, n. (Arch.) An ornament made of small Fright'ful, -ful, a. Full of terror alarmed ex-
—
; ;

fillets combined in geo- citing alarm terrible dreadful awful horrid

— ;

—
; : ;
,
;

metrical or other shocking. Fright'fully, adv. Fright"' fulness, n.

terns; a raised ban Frigid, frrj'id, a. Cold; of low temperature; wanting
an open slot. (Her. warmth, fervor, vivacity, etc. impotent. [L.frig- ;

bearing composed of idus, fr. frigere, to be eold,fr./r?7/w.<, Gr. rhigos, cold,

bars crossed and inter- n., Gr. rhigoein, to freeze.] Frigid zone. (Geog.) —
laced. (Mm.) wire A Fret. That part of the earth between each polar circle
on the fingerboard of a guitar or similar instrument, and the pole, ——
extending about 23° 28' from each
to guide the finger in playing.— v. t. To furnish with pole. See Zone. Frigidity, -tT, n. Condition or
frets, as an instrument of music. [OF. frete, a fer- quality of being frigid coldness want of warmth,
; ;

rule, frettes, bars in a grating, freter, to cross, inter- ardor, virility, etc. —
Frig'idly, adv. Frig'idness, —
lace; Sp.fretes, bands on a shield (in heraldry) It. ; n. — Frigoriric, -ical, frig-o-nl'ik-al, a. Causing,
ferriata, LL. /errata, iron grating, ferrare, to bind producing, or generating cold. [L.facere, to make.]
with iron, fr. lj.ferrum, iron.] Frill, fril, n. Orig. the ruffling ot a hawk's feathers
Friable, fri'a-bl, a Easiiv crumbled or pulverized. when shivering with cold a ruffle (on clothes). —
[OF. ; L. fnabiiu>, fr. friare, to rub, crumble.] — v. t. [frilled (frild), -ling.] To decorate with
;

Fri'ableness, -abil'ity, -tT, n. frills. — v. i. To shake or shiver, as with cold. [OF.

Friar, fri'ar, n. (Rom. Cath. Ch.) member of any A friller, to shiver, frilleux, L. frigidulus, chilly, dim.
religious order, esp. of a mendicant order. (Print.) fr. frigidus. See Frigid.]
A white patch on a page, from want of ink on the Fringe, frinj, n. A
trimming consisting of hanging
type. [OF. frere, freire, ~L.frater, E. brother, q. v.] threads; a line of projecting objects along the edge
—Gray friar. A Franoiscan or Minor. Black f. — A of any place or thing a border confine. ; v. t. —
—
;

Dominican. —White f. A Carmelite. Fri'ary, -a- [fringed (frinjd), fringing.] To adorn or border
rT, n. A monastery; convent of friars; monkery. with fringe. [OF.; F. frange, L. fimbria, fringe, fr.
Fribble, frib'bl, a. Frivolous trifling silly. n. A — fibra, a fiber, q. v.]
frivolous fellow; a coxcomb; beau; fop.
;

v. i. To
;

— Frippery, frip'per-T, n. Old clothes cast dresses ;

trifle. [Perh. fr. Prov. F.friboler, to flutter, flit like second-hand finery; useless matter: place where old
a butterfly, barivoler, to flutter in the wind perh. ;
clothes are sold; traffic in old clothes. [OF friperie, .

s. rt. frippery, q. v.] broker's shop, fripier, broker, mender of clothes,

Fricassee, frik/as-se', n. A
dish made of fowls or dealer in, etc., Jripper, to rub, wear to rags.]
small animals cut into pieces, and stewed or fried. Friseur. See under Friz.
— v. t. [fricasseed (-sedO, -seeing.] To make a Frisk, frisk, v. i. [frisked (friskt), frisking.] To
fricassee of. [F., prop. p. p. of fricasser, to fricassee, leap, skip, dance, gambol. n. frolic —
a fit of A ;

ferh. fr. It. fracassare, to break in pieces. See wanton gayety. [OF. frisqve, Ic. friakr, frisky. See
RACAS.J Fresh.] —
Frisk 'er, n. One who frisks a wanton.
Friction, frik'shun, n. Act of rubbing one body — Frisk'y, -T, a. Frolicsome. Frisk'iness, n. —
;

—
against another; attiition; abrasion. (Mech.) The Frisk'et, n. (Print.) The light frame which keeps
effect of rubbing, or resistance which a moving body the paper in place upon the tympan, and raises it
meets with from the surface on which it moves. from the form when printed. See Printing-press.
[F. L. frictio, -onis, fr. fricare, frictum, to rub, fr.
; [F.frisquette, —from its quick motion.]
friare, to crumble see Friable Skr. ghrish, to Frit, frit, n. The material for glass or ceramic glaze,
grind.] — :

Fric'tional, a. Relating to, moved by, or

;

wholly or partially fuzed but not vitrified. v.t.

produced by friction. —
Fric'ative, -tiv, a. (Pron.) To prepare (materials for glass, etc.) by exposing to
Produced by the friction or rustling of the breath heat. [OF., f ried, fri ture, a frying, dish of fried fish,
through a narrow opening between two of the frire, L. frigere, frictum, to fry, q. v.] Frifter, n. —
mouth-organs. [L.fricatio, Ir. fricare.] A small pancake of fried batter: a small piece of
Friday, fri'd a, n. The 6th day of the week. [AS. frig- meat fried; a fragment; shred; small piece. v. t. —
edag, fr. Frig, Ic. Frigg, OHG. Fria, goddess of mar- [frittered (-terd), -tering.] To cut (meat) into
riage (= L. Juno), wife of Odin or Wodan, and AS. small pieces for frying; to break into small frag-
dag, day.] —
Good Friday. Friday of Passion Week. ments. —To fritter away. To diminish, spend in
Fried. See Fry. t'ifling employment.
Friend, frend, n. One attached to another by senti- Frith, frith, Firth, ferth, n. A
narrow arm of the sea;
ments of esteem, respect, and affection a well- ; estuarv a kind of weir for catching fish.
; [Scot.
wisher; an intimate associate one not an enemy a ; ; firth, Ic. fjordhr, Dan. fiord ; s. rt. L. portus, a ha-
favorer: promoter; one of the religious sect usually ven, Gr. porthmos, a ferry, Skr. par, to carry over, E.
called Quakers. —
v. t. To act as the friend of ; farp,fora.~)
favor. [AS. freotid, f r. freogan, to love, D. vriend, Frivolous, friv'o-lus, a. Of little weight, worth, or
frsendi, fr.frja, Skr. pri, to love.]
fr. vrije.n, Ic. —A importance; given to trifling, or unbecoming levity;
friend at court. One disposed to act as a friend in a trivial ; petty. [L. frivohis, fr. fricare. See Fric-
place of special opportunity or influence. Friend'- — tion.] —Friv'olousness, Frivol 'ity, -tT, n.
less, a. Destitute of friends; forlorn. Friend'ly, — Friz, Frizz, friz, v. t. [frizzed (frizd), -zing.] To
-ll> a. Having the disposition of a friend appro- ; form into small curls, as hair; to crisp; to form into
priate to, or implying, friendship; befitting friends ; little burs, or knobs, as the nap of cloth, —n. That
not hostile; amicable; kind; propitious; favorable. which is frizzed; anything crisped or curled. [OF.
— Friend'liness. n. —
Friend/ship, n. Attachment frizer, Sp. frisar, to raise' the nap on frieze. See
to a person, proceeding from intimate acquain- Frieze, under Friese.] —Friseur, fre-zer'. n. A
tance, or from favorable opinion of his estimable hair-dresser. [F.] —
Friz'zle, v. t. [-zled (-zld),
qualities ; friendly relation or intimacy ; friendly -zling.] To curl or crisp, as hair; to friz. Friz''- —
aid, office, or kindness. zler, n.
Friese, frez, Frisian, frizh'an, n. The language of Fro. See under From.
Friesland, in the Netherlands, the variety of Low — Frock, frok, n. An outer garment; esp. a loose, coarse

sun. cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow. oil : linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; ; —

FROG- 222 FRUTESOENT

garment worn by men over other clothes, or a gown froth. — v. i. To throw up foam.
[Ic. frodha, Dan.
worn by women and children. [OF.. r'roc, LL. fro- fraade, Sw. fradga.] —
Froth'y, -X, a. [frothier,
nts, fioccus, a monk's frock, perh. because wooien : -iest.] Full of, or consisting of, froth; spumous;
see Flock, a lock of wool perh. fr. OHG. hroch, foamy not firm or solid soft vain empty; un- ;

G. rock, a coat.] —
Frock'-coat, n. A body-coat,
; ;

substantial. —
Frothily, adv. Frothlness, n.
;

— ;

with broad skirts, cut like a surtout, but shorter. Frounce, frowns, v. t. [frounced (frownst), froun-
Frog, frog, n. {Zobl.) A well-known amphibious an- cing.] To curl or frizzle about the face, as the
imal, with 4 feet, a naked body, and no tail. {Far.) hair. —
n. A wrinkle, plait, or curl; a mass of pim-
A tender, horny substance in the middle of a horse's ples in a horse's or hawk's palate. [Orig. form of
foot, dividing into 2 branches, and running toward flounce, q. v.]
the heel in the form of a Frouzy, frow'zi, a. Fetid; musty; dim; cloudy.
fork. An oblong cloak-but- Froward, etc. See under From.
ton, swelled in the mid- =_ Frowey, frow'Y, a. {Carp.) Working smoothly, or
die. {Railroads.) A trian- ~~M without splitting, said of wood. —
gular plate for the wheels Frown, frown, v. i. [frowned (frownd), frowning.]
where tracks cross at
Railroad Frog.
an To contract the brow, scowl, put on a stern, grim,
cute angle. [AS. froga, or surly look to look on with disfavor, look threat-
— —
;

frox, Ic. froskr, D. vorsch, G. frosch, the animal ening, lower. v. t. To rebuke with a look. n. A
perh. s. rt. frolic] —
Frog'-hop'per, n. A small leap- wrinkling of the brow in displeasure rebuke ; ;

ing insect, living on plants. sternness, etc. expression of displeasure. [OF.

;

Frolic, froKik, a. Full of levity or pranks; gay; merry. frongner ; It. dial, frignare, to whimper, make a
— n. A
wild prank flight of mirth scene of gay-
; wry face; Sw. dial.fryna, or vr eg. fisa, to make a N
—
;

ety; merry-making.— v.i. [frolicked (-ikt), -ick- wry face.] Frownlngly, adv.
ing.] To play pranks, sport. [D. vrolijk, G.froeh- Frowy, Frowzy. Same as Frouzy.
lich, merry, gay, OHG. and OFiies. fro, G. froh, Fructescence, Fructify, etc. See under Fruit.
joyous, jumping for joy, Skr. pru, to go.] Frolic- — Frugal, froo'gal, a. Economical in the use of re-
some, -sum, a. Sportive. —
Frol r ic3omeness, n. sources; sparing; saving. [F.; L. frugalis, lit. pert,
From, from, prep. Out of the neighborhood of ; less- to fruits, ir.frux,frugis, fruits of the earth.] Fru- —
ening proximity to leaving behind ; by reason of gality, -T-tt, n. Quality of being frugal; good
—
; ;

out of; by aid of,— used to express departure, setting husbandry or housewifery. Fru'gally, adv.— Fru-
out, commencement of action, being, state, occur- giferous, -jif'gr-us, a. Producing fruit ; fruitful.
rence, etc., or procedure, emanation, absence, sep- it. fe-r-re
[L. ferre, tr. bear.]
to —
FrugiVorous, a. Feeding on
aration, etc. —
Fro, adv. From ; awav ; back or fruit. JL. v<orare, to eat.]
backward. [AS. from, J'ram, Sw. fran, Ic. and Dan. Fruit, frobt, n. Whatever is to be enjoyed, partaken
fra, Goth, /ram, from Ic, Sw., OHG., and Goth. of, or made use of ; product result ; that part of
—
; ;

fram, forth, forward.] Fro'ward, a. Unwilling plants which contains the seed ; esp. the juicy,
to comply with what is required perverse way- ; pulpy products of certain plants ; the produce of
—
;

ward; refractory. [AS. fromweard.] Fro'wardly, animals; offspring; young. [OF.; L.fructus, fruit,
adv. —
Fro'wardness, n. prop. p. p. of frui, to enjoy; s. rt. brook, to endure.]
—
Frond, frond, n. {Bot.) The organ formed by the — Fruit'age, -ej, n. Fruit collectively; fruitery.
union into one body of Fruiferer, n. One who deals in fruits. Fruifery, —
stalks and leaves in cer- -er-i, n. Fruit collectively taken; a repository for
tain plants, as ferns. [L. fruit. — Fruitlul, -ful, a. Full of £ruit producing ;

frons, frondis, a branch, fruit abundantly; fertile; prolific; fecund; abund-

leaves.] — Fronda'tion, n. ant; plenteous. —
Fruitfully, adv. Fruitlulness, —
Act of stripping (trees) of «. — Fruitless, a. Not bearing fruit; productive of
leaves or branches.— Fron- no advantage; barren; useless; abortive; idle; prof-
des 'cence, -des'ens, n.
Frond. itless. — Fruitlessly, adv. — FruitlessneBS, n. —
The time at which each species of plants unfolds Fruify, -1, a. Resembling fruit or its taste.—
its leaves; act of bursting into leaf. Frondif erous, — — Fruit'-tree, n. A
tree cultivated for its fruit.—
-Sr-us, a. Producing fronds. [L. ferre, to bear.] Fruition, -ish'un, n. Use or possession of any-
Frondose, -dos', a. Bearing, or like, fronds; leafy. thing, esp. accompanied with pleasure; gratification;
— Fromrous, -us, a. Producing leaves and flowers enjoyment. [OF., fr. L. fruitus, a form of fructus,
in one or^an. p. p. of frui.] —
Fruc'tescence, -sens, n. {Bot.) The
Front, frunt, n. The forehead or brow: the face; the time when the fruit of a plant matures. [F.] —
countenance, as expressive of character, temper, or Fruc'tify, -tT-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To
disposition, esp. of boldness of disposition, or of im- make fruitful; render productive, —v. i. To beat
pudence ; the part of anything directed forward ; fruit. [F. fructifier, L. fructiflcare, fr. facere, to
position directly before the face of a person, or fore- make.] —
Fruc'tincalion, n. Act of, etc. {Bot.)
most part of a thing a front-piece of hair worn by Those parts of a plant, taken collectively, which
ladies. —
v. t.
;

To oppose face to face, meet ; to
stand opposed or opposite, or over against; to adorn
in front, —v. i. To stand foremost; to have the face
or front toward any point of compass. a. Of, or
relating to, the forward part having a position in
front; foremost. [OF.; L. frons, frontis, the fore-
head, Skr. bhru, eye-brow s. rt. affront, effronten/, ;
frownce, ounce.]f —
Frontpage, -ej, n. The front
part of an edifice or lot.— Front'less, a. Shameless;
impudent. —
Frontlet, n. frontal or brow-band
a frowning brow. [Dim. of frontal.] Fronfal,
frBnfal, a. Pert, to the forehead or front part.
n. Afront piece; something worn on the forehead
or face. {Arch.) A
little pediment over a door or
window. {Feci. Arch.) A
hanging or ornamental
panel in front of an altar. [OF., fr. L. frontale, an
ornament for a horse's forehead.] Frontier, -er,
n. That part of a country which fronts or faces an-
other country or an unsettled region; the boundary;
border.— a. Lying on the exterior part; bordering;
conterminous; acquired on a frontier. [OF. fron-
tiere, LL. fronteria.] —
Front'ispiece, -pes, n. That
which presents itself to the front view. {Arch.) The
principal face of a building. An illustration front-
ing the first page of a book. [OF. frontispice, LL.
frontispicium, fr. L. spicere, for specere, to view, see.]
Frore, Frost, Frozen, etc. See under Freeze.
Froth, froth, n. A
collection of bubbles on liquids;
spume; foam; empty, senseless show of wit or elo-
quence; unsubstantial matter.— v. t. [frothed
tight,
(frotht), bsothing.] To cause to foam, cover with
compose the flower and fruit ; process by which
these parts develop and produce fruit. Fructif- —
erous, -er-us, a. Producing fruit. [L. ferre, to bear.]
— Frumenty, froo'men-tT, Fur'menty, Fru'mety, Fur'-
: mety, n. Food made of wheat boiled in milk, and
seasoned with sugar, cinnamon, etc. [OF. frov-
merite", fr. froument,wheat,~L. frumentum, corn; s. rt.
fruit.] — Frumenta'ceous, -shus, a. Made of, or like,
grain.
A Frush, frush, v. t. To bruise or dash to pieces. a. —
— Broken or crushed. [F. froisser, to bruise.]
— Frush, frush, n. {Far.) A
tender substance in the
sole of a horse's foot; the frog. A discharge of a
fetid matter from the frog of a horse's foot; thrush.
[ME./rosTi, frog (of the foot, also the animal), G.
frosch. See Frog.]
— Frustrate, frus'trat, v. t. To bring to nothing, pre-
vent from attaining a purpose; to make null or of
no effect; to baffle, balk, nullify. a. Vain; in-
effectual; useless; void. [L. frus'trare, -tratum, fr.
frustra, in vain, prop. abl. fern, of {obs.)frustrus, for
frudtrus, deceitful; s. rt. fraud.] Frustra'tion, n. —
Act of frustrating; disappointment; defeat.
Frustum, frus'tum, n. ; pi. -TA,-ta, or -tums. (Gewn.)
The part of a solid next the
base, formed by cutting off
the top. [L., a bit, piece, Gr.
thraustos, Droken, thrauein, to
break.] —
Fru3t 'ulent, a.
Abounding in fragments. fiiPiilpp
Frutescent, froo-tes'sent, a. Frustums.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Snd, eve, tgrru ; Tn, ice ; Sdd, tone. Sr
 FRY 223 FUNCTION
T having all
{Bot.) Becoming shrubby, or like a shrub. [L. and by. (2> aut.) Sailing close-hauled,
frutex, -ticis, a shrub, bush.] Fru'ticose, -kos, — the sails full, and as near the wind as possible.—
-cons, -kus, a. Pert, to shrubs; shrubby; shrublike. FuH'ness, n. Fully,— -It, adv. —In full manner or
Fry, fri. v. t. [fkied (frid), frying.] To cook in a degree without lack
; ; entirely; amply; clearly.—
frying-pan over the fire, as meat; to cook in boiling Fulfill, Fulfil, rul-fil', V.
t. [-FILLED (-fild'), -FILL-
fat, as doughnuts, —
v.i. To be heated and agitated, ING.] To fill up, make full or complete; to accom-
as meat in a frying-pan ; to ferment, foam, or dis- plish or carry into effect, bring to pass, effectuate.
solve with heat. n. — A
dish of anything fried. [OF. [AS. fulfyllan, it. ful and fy 11 an, to fill.] Fulfill'- —
frire, L. frigere, Gr. phrugein, Skr. bhrajj.] ¥ry r - — ment, n. Accomplishment ; completion perform- ;

ing-pan, n. A
shallow iron pan with a projecting ance. — Fulsome. fuKsum, a. Offending or dis-
handle, for frying meat, etc. gusting by over-fullness, excess, obsequiousness, or
Fry, fri, n. A
swarm or crowd, esp. of little fishes; a grossness. [AS. ful and suffix -som ; not ti.foul.) —
large number; young fishes or animals. [Ic. free, Ful'someness, n.
frjo. Dan. and Sw. fro, spawn, fry, Goth, fraiw, Full, ful, v. t. [fulled (fuld), fulling.] To cleanse
'seed; not s. rt. F.frai, spawn.] Small fry. Little — and scour (cloth); to make compact, strengthen,
children, fishes, or animals; insignificant creatures. and thicken (woolen cloth, etc.), by a felting pro-
Fuchsia, fu'sha, n. (Bot.) genus of flowering A cess, esp. in a mill; to thicken and diminish the size
plants. [Fr. Leonard Fuchs, a German botanist.] of (underclothes, etc.), in washing. v. t. To be- —
Fuchfline, fook'sin, n. (Chem.) deep red coloring A come fulled or thickened. [AS. fullian, OF. foul-
matter, used in imitating red wines, a salt of ros- — lei; LL. fullare, to full, cleanse, L. fullo, a fuller
aniline. [Fr. G. Fuchs, translation of F. Benard perh. s. rt. Gr. phalos, white.]— Full'er, n. Full'- —
(E. Fox), the inventor's name.] ery, -er-Y, n. Works where fulling is carried on.—
Fucus, fu'kus, n. ; pi. -ci, -si. paint; dye ; false A Fulling-mill, n. A
mill for fulling cloth; a machine
show. (Bot.) A
genus of sea-weeds of a tough, for felting wool hats.— FulKer's-earth, n. variety A
leathery kind sea-wrack, and other species. [L.,
; of clay, used in cleansing cloth, as it imbibes the
rock-lichen, orchil, used as a red dye and as rouge grease and oil used in preparing wool.
for the cheeks, disguise.] —
Fu'cate, -kat, -cated, a. Fulminate, fuKml-nat, v. i. To thunder, make a
Painted; disguised. —
Fu'coid, -koid, n. (Paleon.) loud, sudden noise, detonate, explode to issue de- ;

Fossil sea-weed. —
Fu'coid, -coid'al, a. Pert, to, or nunciation, thunder forth menaces. v. t. To cause —
like, etc. [Gr. eidos, form.] to explode; to utter (denunciation or censure.) n. —
Fuddle, fud'dl, v. t. [-dled (-did), -dling.] To (Chem.) A
compound which explodes by percus-
make foolish by drink. v. i. To drink to excess. — sion, friction, or heat. [L. fulminare, -natum, to
[LG.fuddig, confused.] Fud'dler, n. —
drunkard. A lighten, fr. fulmen, thunderbolt; s. rt. fulgere, to
Fudge, fuj, n. A
made-up story stuff nonsense, : ;
— shine.] Fulminating powder. (Chem.) A detona-
an exclamation of contempt. [LG.futsh ! begone!] ting compound of various ingredients, used for per-
Fuel, fu'el, n. Combustible matter, as wood, coal, cussion caps, etc. —
Fulmina'tion, n. Act of, or that
peat, etc. anything that feeds flame, heat, or ex- which, etc. — Ful'minatory, -to-rt, a. Thundering;
;

citement. [OF. fouaille, lAj.foallia,focale, fuel, fr. striking terror. —

Fulminlc, a. (Chem.) Pert, to,
L. focus, fire-place.] or capable of. detonation.
Fugacious, fu-ga'shus, a. Flying, or disposed to fly; Fulsome, etc. See under Full.
volatile. [L. fugax, -gacis, fr. fugere, -gitum, Gr. Fulvid, fuKvid, Ful'vous, -vus, a. Tawny: dull yel-
pheugein, to flee, Skr. bhuj, to bend, turn aside; s. rt. low, with a mixture of gray and brown. [LL./W-
bow, to bend, centrifugal, refuge, etc.] Fuga'cious- — vidus, L. fulvus.']
ness, -gacity, -gas'T-ti, n. Quality of being fuga- Fumble, fum'bl, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bung.] To feel
cious volatility; uncertainty; instability. Fugi- — or grope about to seek awkwardly to handle
;

tive, -jT-tiv, a. Apt to flee away; liable to disappear;

;

much, turn over and over. v. t. To manage awk-— ;

easily blown away or absorbed; escaping from duty, wardly, crowd or tumble together. [Sw. fumla,
service, danger, etc.; unstable; volatile; evanescent. famle,Ic. falma,D. fommelen, to fumble, grope; AS.
— n. One who flees from his station or duty, dan- folm, ~L.palma, palm of the hand.] Fum'bler, n. —
ger or punishment a deserter one hard to be Fume, fum, n. Vapor or gas arising from combustion
;

caught or detained. [OF. fugitif, L. fugitivus.]

;

— or chemical action, esp. noxious or offensive exhala-

Fu'gitively, adv. —
Fu'gitiveness, n. Fugue, fug, — tion; smoke; reek; anything unsubstantial or airv;
n. (Mus.) A
musical composition in contrapuntal idle conceit. —
v. i. [fumed (fumd), fuming.] To
style, in which a subject is proposed by one part, smoke, throw off vapor, or exhalations; to pass off
and then responded to by the others, according to in vapors; to be in a rage. v. t. —
To smoke, dry in
certain rules. [F.; It. fuga, a fugue, a flight, L. smoke; to disperse in vapor. [OF. fum, L. fumus,
fuga, flight.] —
Fuguist, f ug'ist, n. composer or A Skr. dhuma, smoke, dhu, to blow; s. rt. dust.'] —
player of fugues. Fum'y, -I, -ous, -us, a. Producing, or full of, fume;
Fugleman. Same as Flugelman. vaporous. —
Fumiferous, a. Producing, etc [L.
Fulcrum, f ul'krum, n. ; L. pi. -cra, -kra ; E. pi. ferre, to bear.] —
Fu'migate, -mt-gat, v. t. To apply
-crums. A prop or support. smoke to, expose to smoke or disinfecting gas, as in
(Mech.) The point about whichch 1 A J cleansing infected apartments, clothing, etc.; toper-
a lever turns in lifting or mov
I
fume. [L. fumigare, -gatum, iv.fumusi] Fumiga''- —
ing a body. [L., a support, tion, n. Act of fumigating^ vapor; scent raised by
fulcire, to prop.] fire. [OF.] —
Fum'arole, -rol, n. A smoke-hole in a
Fulfill,
lfill, Fulfillment. See under F Fulcrum. volcano or sulphur-mine. [It. fumarola.] Fu'mi- —
Full. ter, -mitory, -mT-to-rl, n. A
plant of several
(Bot.)
Fulgent, ful'ient, a. Exquisitely bright shining; ; species, of a rank smell. [ME
fumetere, OY.fume-
dazzling effulgent. [L. fulgens, -gentis, p. pr. of
; terre, abbr. fr. fume de terre, earth-smoke, L. fumus
fulgere, Gr. phlegein, Skr. bhraj, to shine s. rt. ; terrse.]
bright.] —
Ful'gency, -st, n. Brightness; splendor; Fun, fun, n. Sport ; merriment frolicsome amuse- ;

glitter. ment. [Ir. form, delight, song.]— Fun'ny, -nT, a.

Fulgurite. fuKgu-rit, n. A vitrified sand-tube, sup- [-NIER, -niest.] Droll comical. ; Funny bone. The —
posed to have been produced by lightning. [L. internal condyle of the humerus, behind which
fulgurire, -ritum, to strike with lightning, fulgur, passes the ulnar nerve, a blow upon which causes a
lightning.] thrill in the arm; the crazy bone.
Fuliginous, fu-lij'1-nus, a. Pert, to soot or smoke; Funambulist, fu-nam'bu-list, n. rope-walker or A
sooty dark ; dusky ; 6moky. [L. fuliginosus, fr. dancer. [Sp. funambido, fr. L. .funis, a rope, and
;

fuligo, soot.] ambulare, to walk.] —

Funam^buiatory, -la-to-rT, a.
Full, ful, a. Filled up; replete; having within it all Performing like a rope-dancer; narrow, like the walk
that 'it can contain not empty or vacant; abun- ; of a rope-dancer.
dantly furnished or provided; sufficient; ample; not Function, funk'shun, n. Act of executing; perform-
wanting in any essential quality complete per- ance: peculiar or appointed action; natural or as-
—
; ;

fect. — n. Complete measure; utmost extent, adv. signed action. (Math.) A

quantity so connected
Quite completely
; exactly. — v. i.
; To become with another, that, if any alteration be made in the
fully or wholly illuminated. [AS. ful, D. vol, Ic. latter, there will be a consequent alteration in the
fullr, Sw. full, G. roll, L. plenus, Gr. pleres, Skr. former,— the dependent quantity being called a. func-
'puma, full, pur, to fill; s. rt. fill, plenary.] Full — tion of the other. [OF.; L.functio, fr. fungi, functus,
moon. The moon with its whole disk illuminated, Skr. bhuj, to perform, enjoy, have the use of; s. rt.
as when opposite to the sun time when the moon fruit, brook, to endure.] —
Func'tional, a. Pert, to
iefuU.—F. of the moon. Time of full moon. F,
;

— functions; required by, or involved in, the appropri-

sttn, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, dondon, chair, get.
 ;

FUND 224 FUSEE

ate action. —
Functional disease. (Pathol.) dis- A Furious, etc. See under Fury.
ease affecting the function of an organ, but not its Furl, ferl, v. t. '[furled (ferlcl), furling.] To wrap
structure; derangement of an organ from a cause or roll, as a sail, close to the yard, stay, or mast to
external to itself, —
opp. to organic disease.— Func'- gather into close compass. [Contr. fr. obs. fardel, a
;

tionary, -a-rl, n. One charged with the performance
of a function ; esp. a public official.
Fund, fund, n. A
stock or capital; an invested sum
whose income is devoted to a specific object; a store
laid up, from which one may draw at pleasure; a
supply, pi. The stock of a national debt; public se-
bundle, F.fardeler, to pack up.]
Furlong, fer'long, n. The 8th of, a mile. [AS. fur-
lung, prop, the length of a furr0w, ir.furh, furrow,
and lang, long.]
Furlough, fer'lo, n. (Mil.) Leave of absence esp.
leave to be absent from^ervice for a certain time.
;

curities.— v. t. To provide a fund for the payment of
the interest of; to place in a fund, as money. [OF.
fond, a bottom, ground, merchant's stock, L. fundus,
bottom, fundare, to found; s. rt. bottom.'] —Sinking
fund. A sum of money set apart for redemption of
debts of government or corporation. —
Funded debt.
Permanent or bonded debt of a country, bearing a
fixed rate of interest. —
Fund'able, a. Capable of be-
ing funded or converted into bonds.— Fun'dament,
n. The seat; part of the body on which one sits; the
buttocks; the orifice of the intestines; anus. [OF.
fondement, L. fundamentum, foundation.] Funda- —
mental, a. Pert, to the foundation or basis; essen-
tial, as an element, principle, or law; elementary.
Funeral, fu'n5r-al, n. The ceremony of burying a
dead person; obsequies; burial; procession attend-
ing the burial of the dead. —a. Pert, to burial; used
at the interment of the dead. [LL. funeralis, pert,
to a (L. funus) burial; perh. referring to the burning
of bodies, and s. rt. L. fumus, fume, q v.] Fune'-
. —
—
v. t. [furloughed (-lod), -loughing.] To grant
leave of absence, as to an officer or soldier. [D. ver-
lof, Dan. forlov, Sw. forlof, G. verlaub.]
Furnace, fgr'nas, n. An inclosed place where a hot fire
is maintained, as for melting ores, warming a house,
baking bread, etc. [OF. fornaise, L. fornax; s. rt.
Jj.formax, warm.] —
Blast furnace. One into which
an artificial current of air is injected. Reverbera- —
toryf. One in which the flames are throwp. down
by an arched roof directly upon the surface of the
ore, metal, etc.
Furnish, fer'nish, v. t. [-nished (-nisht), -nishing.]
To supply with anything necessary or useful, pro-
vide, equip; to offer for use, afford; to fit up, supply
with proper goods, vessels, or ornamental append-
ages. [OF. fournir, for formir, furmir, fr. OHG.
frumjan, to procure, furnish, fruma, utility, gain.]
— Fur 'nislier, n.— Fur'niture, -nt-chur, n. That
which furnishes, or with which anything is fur-
nished or supplied whatever must be supplied to a
;

real, a. Suiting a funeral; dismal. [L.funereus.] house, room, etc., to make it habitable or agreeable;
Fungus, fun'gus, n. ; L. pi. -CU, -ji; E. pi. -GUSE&, -ez. chattels; movables; effects; necessary appendages to
(Bot.) An acotyledonous anything, as to a machine, carriage, horse, etc.
or cryptogamous plant, such (Print.) Pieces of wood or metal placed around the
as the mushrooms, toad- pages, to hold them in place in the chase,. [OF.
stools, the microscopic fourniture.]
plants which form mold, Furrier, Furring, Furry, etc. See under Fur.
mildew, smut, etc., and the Furrow, fur'ro, n. A trench in the earth made by a
minute vegetable parasites plow; any trench, channel, or groove; a wrinkle on
of animals ; also, excres- the face. — v. t. [furrowed (-r5d), -rowing.] To
cences on plants. (Med.) A cut a furrow in, plow; to mark with channels or
spongv, morbid growth or wrinkles. [AS. and OHG. furh, a furrow, Dan. fare,
granulation in animal bod- Sw. fara, a furrow, to furrow, Ic. for, a drain, L.
ies proud-flesh.
; [L., for *\ porca, a ridge between furrows.]
sfungus, f r. Gr. sphonggos, a Further, Furtherance, etc. See under Forth.
sponge.] —
Fmrgous, -gus, Furtive, fgr'tiv, a. Stolen; obtained or characterized
a. Like fungus; excrescent; by stealth; sly; secret; stealthy. [OF., m. furtif, f.
growing suddenly, but not furtive, Tu.furtivus, fr.furtum, theft, fur, Gr.phor, a
substantial or durable. thief, Gr. pherein, to carry off; s. rt. bear.] Fu'- —
Fungoslty, -tr, n. Quality
Fungi.
runcle, -runk-1, n. (Med.) A
superficial, inflamma-
of what is fungous; fungous tory tumor! a boil. [Ld.furunculus, dim. of fur.]
excrescence. 1, Agaricus comatus. Fury, fu'rY, n. Violent passion; over-mastering agi-
Funicle, fu'nY-kl, ra. (Bot.) A
2, Boletus edulis.
3, Morchella esculents.
tation or enthusiasm; violent anger; extreme wrath.
small cord, or ligature; afi- (Myth.) Agoddess of vengeance. A
stormy, tur-
ber. [L. funiculus, dim. of funis, cord, rope.] bulent, violent woman; virago ; termagant. [OF.
Funic 'ular, a. Consisting of a fiber dependent on
; furie, L. furia, fr. furere, to rage, Skr. bhuranya,to
the tension of a cord be active.] —
Fu'rious, -rt-us, a. Transported with
Funnel, fun'nel, n. An inverted hollow cone with a Eassion; rushing impetuously; moving violently ;
pipe a tunnel stove-pipe steamship's iron chim-
; ; oisterous; raging; mad; frantic; frenzied. Fu'ri- —
—
;

ney. [Perh. fr. VJ.ffynel, an air-hole, vent; or Armor. ously, adv. Fu'riousness, n.
founit, a funnel for pouring in liquids; or L. infun- Furze, ferz, n. A
thorny evergreen shrub with yellow
dibulum, funnel, fr. in and fundere, to pour.] flowers, common in Great Britain ; gorse; whin.
Funny. See under Fun. [AS. fyrs.]
Fur, ter, n. The short, fine, soft hair of certain ani- Fuscous, fus'kus, a. Of a dark color; brown or gray-
mals, skins of wild animals with the fur; peltry; ish-black. [L.fuscus; prob. s. rt. h.furvus, brown,
any coating resembling fur, as a coat of morbid mat- E. brown.]
ter on the tongue in fever. v. t. —
[furred (fSrd), Fuse, fuz, v. t. [fused (fuzd), fusing.] To liquefy
furring.] To line, faee, or cover with fur; to cover by heat, dissolve, melt; to blend or unite. —v. i. To
with morbid matter, as the tongue. (Arch.) To be melted, melt. [L. fundere, fusum, to pour; s. rt.
nail strips of board upon, as a foundation for lath- found, confound, confuse, diffuse, futile, chyme, chyle,
ing. [OF. forre, fuerre, Goth, fodr, a sheath, case, gush, gut.) — Fu'sible, -zY-b'l, a. [OF.] —
FusibiPity,
Sp. forro, Ic. fodhr, lining of clothes, It. fodero, lin- n. — Fu'sion, -zhun, n. Act or operation of melting,
ing, fur, scabbard Skr. pa, to guard, preserve.]
;
— without the aid of a solvent; state of being melted ;

Fur'rier, -rY-Sr, n. A dealer in furs. —

Fur'riery, -T, union of things into oneness, as if melted together
n. Furs collectively; trade in furs. —
Fur'ring, n. [OF.]
(Carp.) The nailing on of strips, preliminary to Fuse, fuz, n. A tube filled with combustible matter,
lathing; the strips. —
Fur^ry, -rt, a. Covered with, used in blasting, discharging a shell, etc. [Abbr.
or consisting of, fur. fr. fusee.] — Fusee', n. A tube or match fuse ; ;

Furbelow, fer'be-lo, n. A puckered flounce plaited ; cigar-light; fusil. [Corrupt, f r. /wtf.] —

Fu'sil, -zil,
border of a gown or petticoat, —v. t. [furbelowed n. A light musket or firelock. [OF., orig. a steel
Mod), -lowing.] To put a furbelow on. [F.farbala, for lighting tinder, It. and LL. focile, fr. L. focus, a
F., Sp., Pg., and It. falbala.] fire-place.] —
Fu'sillade, -lad, n. (Mil.) simulta-A
Furbish, fer'bish, v. t. [-bished (-bisht), -bishing.] neous discharge of fire-arms. —
Fusillade'', v. t. To
To rub or scour to brightness; to polish. [OF. four- shoot down by a simultaneous discharge. Fusil- —
Mr. OHG. furpjan ; prob. s. rt. purge, pure.] FttT /
'-
— eer', -ier, -er', n. (Mi!.) Formerly, a soldier armed
bisher, n. with a fusil; now an infan-
Furcate, f&r'kat, -cated, a. Forked; branching like try soldier wearing a bear-
the prongs of a fork. [L. furca, fork.] Furca ,r - — skin cap like a grenadier's.
tion, n. A
branching like the tines of a fork. Fusee, fu-ze', n. The conical
Furfuraceous, fgr-fu-ra'shus, a. Made of bran; like wheel of a watch or clock,
bran; scurvy. [L.furfwaceus, fr. furfur, bran.] designed to equalize the Fusee.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn. 5dd, tone, 6r
 FTJSEL 225 GAIN
power of the mainspring. [OF.; lAi.fuSQta, a spin- fompous; turgid; inflated; bombastic. [OF. fustaine,
dle) ul of thread, prop. p. p. of fusare, to use a spin- t. fustagno, LL. fustaneum, Ar. fustat, a name for
dle, fr. L. fusus, a spindle.] —
Fu'sil, -zil, n. (.Her.) Cairo, in Egypt, whence it orig. came.]
A
bearing: of a rhomboidal or spindle-shaped figure. Futile, fu'til, a. Of no weight or importance; an-
[L. fusilhis, dim. of fusics.] —
Fu'siform, a. (Bot.) swering no purpose; failing of the designed effect;
Spindle-shaped; tapering at each end. [L. forma, useless vain ; trifling. [OF.; L. futilus, lit. what
;

shape. easily pours out, fr. fundere, to pour. See Fuse, v.

Fusel, 'u'sel, Fusel oii, n. (Chem.) An acrid, oily t.] — Futility, -I-tr, n. Want of importance or ef-
alcohol, nauseous and poisonous. [G., bad liquor.] fect; uselessness.
Fuss, fus, n. A tumult; bustle; annoying ado. v. i. — Futtock, fut'tok, n. (Naut.) One of the timbers
[fussed (fust), fussing.] To make a bustle or ado. which are scarfed together to form a
[AS. j'us, prompt, quick, Sw. dial., /us, Ic. fuss, OHG. rib of a vessel. [Prob. corrupt, fr. foot-
funs, eager, Sw. fuska, Dan. fuske, to bungle, AS. hooks.]— Futtoek-plates. (Naut.) Plates
fundian, to strive alter, ir.findan, to find.] -Fuss'y, of iron in a top, to which the dead-eyes
-i, a. [-ier, -iest.] Making a fuss, or unnecessary are secured. —
F.-shrouds. Small
—
i

ado about trifles. Fuss'iness, n. shrouds beneath a top.

Fust, fust, n. (Arch.) The shank of a column or Future, fu'ehur, a. About to be; liaole
trunk of a pilaster. [OF. and Pg.; L. fustis, staff, to be or come hereafter, it. Time to —
LL., a tree; s. rt. fendere, to strike.] Fus'tet, n. — come; time subsequent to the present.
The wood of a shrub of S. Europe, yielding an or- [OF. m.futur, future. L. futurus, fut.
f.
ange color,— a dye-stuff. TF., fr. LL. fustis.] — p. of esse, to be.] —
Futu'rity, -tu'rl-tY,
Fus'tic, n. The wood of a W
India tree, . used
—"
— n. The state of being vet to come; fu-
dyeing yellow. [F. and Sp. fustoc] Fus'tigate ture time; time to come; the future; a
-gat, To cudgel,
Igel, beat with a stick.
stick, [LateLT/ws- future event. Futtock.
tigare.] —
Fustiga'tion
Fustig: Fuze, n. See FUSE. aa, dead-eyes;
Fust, fust, n. A strong, musty smell; mustiness. [OF, Fuzz, fuz, r. I. [fuzzed (fuzd), -ZING.] 66, futtock-
fuste, a cask, fr. LL. fustis, a tree, the cask resem- — To fly off in minute particles.— n. Fine, plates; c,
bling a tree-trunk.]— Fust'y, -T, a. [-iee,-iest.] light particles; loose, volatile matter, futtock
Moldy; rank; rancid. [OF. fust 4.] Fusfiness, n. |
— [E\; cf. D roos, spongy.] shrouds.
Fustian, fusfyan, n. A
coarse twilled cotton stuff, Fy. Same as Fie.
including corduroy, velveteen, etc. an inflated Fyke, f Ik, n. A
long bag-net distended by hoops, into
style of writing; bombast. —
a. Made of fustian;
;

which fish can pass, but not return. [D.fuiK.]

G.
€r, the 7th letter in the English alphabet, has 2
je, got of iron or steel. —
v. i. To rove or ramble idly.
sounds: one simple (called the hard sound, repre- [Ic. gaddr, a goad, spike, sting, gadda, to goad, drive
sented in the phonetic re-spellings in this vocabu- about; s. rt. goad, yard.]— Gad'der, Gad -about', n.
lary b3 g), the other compound (represented r>
r

~y~"
One who <oves idly. —
Gad'fly, n. An insect which
byi)- (Mus.) G is the name of the 5th tone stings cattle, and deposits its eggs in their skin; bot-
—
of the natural or model scale, called also sol. jC__. fly; breeze-fly.
It was also orig. used as the treble clef, and f(Tj Gaduin, -ine, gad'u-in, n. (Chem.) A principle found
has changed into the character represented in ^~¥- in the liver of the cod, an essential constituent of
the margin. G # (G sharp) is a tone interme- "^ cod-liver oil. [L. gadus, cod.]
diate between G and A. fa clef
Gael, gal, n. sing- &pl- A
Scotch Highlander of Celtic
Gab, gab, n. The mouth idle prate loquacity,
; v ;
— origin ; an Irish Celt. —
Gaelic, ga'lik, a. Pert, to
i. [gabbed (gabd), gabbing.! To talk idly, prate; the Gael. >t. —The language of the Highlanders of
to impose upon one; to lie. [ME. gabben, to he, Ic. Scotland. [Ga. Gaelig.]
gabba, to mock, Ic. and Sw. gabb, mockery; prob. Gaff, gaf, n. A harpoon; an iron hook on a handle,
s. rt. Ir. cab, gob, the mouth; s. rt. gap, gape, gib- for landing large fish. (Naut.) boom or yard,A
berish, gobble, jabber.] —
Gab'ble, v. i. [^-bled (-bid). extending the upper edge of a fore-and-aft sail. See
-bling.] To talk noisily, rapidly, and idly, or with- Ship. — v. t. To strike or take with a gaff. [OF.
out meaning to jabber, babble, chatter to utter gaffe, Sp. and Pg. gafa, fr. Ir. gaf, gafa, a hook,
;

inarticulate sounds, cackle.

;

gabhal, fork, gabtda, spear; s. rt. gable, javelin.] —

—
n. Loud or rapid talk Gaf' fie, -fl, n. An artificial spur put on cocks when
without meaning inarticu-
; set to fight.
late rapid sounds, as of gaffer, Gaffer, n. An old fellow an aged rustic
fowls. —
Gab'bler, n. [Corrup. of Prov. E. gramfer, for grandfather.]
s

Gabardine, gab'ar-den', n. A Gag, gag, v. t. [gagged (gagd), gagging.] To stop

kind of coarse frock or loose
upper garment. [Sp. gubar-
dina, OF. galrardine ; Sp. &
OF. gahan, a great-coat.]
Gabion, ga'M-un, n. (Fort.)
A wicker cylinder filled
with earth, for constructing
the mouth of, Dy thrusting in something, to hinder
speaking; to silence; to cause to heave with nausea.
v. i. To heave with nausea. ?;. —
Something —
thrust into the mouth to hinder speaking: a speech
or phrase interpolated by an actor in his part as
written. [ME. gaggen, to suffocate, W. cegio, to
Gabion. choke, ceg, mouth, throat perh. s. rt. Ir. guggach, ;

rmraptts and temporary de- stammering.] Gag'ger, n. —

tenses. [OF. It. gabbione,
; fr. gabbia, L. cavea, a Gage, gaj, n. A pledge or pawn: security; something
cage, fr. L. cavus, hollow.] thrown down as a challenge to combat, as a glove,
Gable, ga'bl, n. (Arch.) The vertical triangular por- fauntlet, etc. v. t. [gaged (gajd), gaging.] To —
tion of the end of a house, from ind by pledge, caution, or security to engage. ;

the eaves to the top; the end of [F., fr. gager, LL. Vadiare, to pledge, fr. radium, Li.
a house. [OF.; MHG. gebel, gi- vas, vadis, AS. wed, a pledge s. rt. wager, engage, ;

bel. G. giebel, Ic. gaf, a gable ; etc.]

MHG. and G. gabd, a fork Ir. Gage, n. A measure. See Gauge.
gabhal, a fork, also gable.]
;

— Gaiety .Gaily. Same as Gayety, etc. See under Gay.

Gable roof. A roof whose slop- Gain, gan, v. t. [gained (gand), gaining.] To get,
ing rafters are left open to the as a profit or advantage; to acquire, win; to be suc-
interior, uncovered by cross- cessful in; to win to one's side, conciliate; to reach,
beams or ceiling. —
G. window. attain to, arrive at. v. i. To have advantage or —
. A window in a gable, or point- profit; togrow rich: advance in happiness, etc. — n.
ed at top like a gable. Thing gained; profit; advantage benefit; acquisi- ;

Gad, gad, n. The point of a spear; tion. [Ic. and Sw. gagn, Dan. gam, gain, Ic. and
arrow-head: goad; wedge or in- Gable. Sw. gagna, to help, avail, Dan. gavne, to benefit.] —
sun, cube, full : moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboir, chair, get.
 — ;

GAIN 226 GALLOWS

To gain the wind. (N'autJ To reach the windward spirit, or bearing gayly ; nobly bravely. Gal- —
—
;

—
;

side of another ship. To g. on or upon. To en- lant'ly, adv. In a polite or courtly manner. Gal '-
croach on (as water upon land), advance nearer to lantnes3, n. Gayety nobleness ; bravery.— Gal'-
(in a race), get the better of. Grainier, n. —
Gain'- —
;

lantry, -rT, n. Bravery intrepidity ; attention to

—
;

ful, -ful, a. Producing profit, advantage, or wealth; ladies; intrigue. [OF. gallantei-ie.] Galloon, -loon',
advantageous; lucrative. —
Gainfully, adv.— Gain'- n. A narrow woven fabric of cotton, woolen, silk,
fulness, n. —
Gainless, a. Unprofitable. etc., for binding garments, hats, shoes, etc. [F. and
Gain, gan, n. (Arch.) A
beveled shoulder of a bind- Sp. galon, It. gallone, orig. a ribbon or lace worn on
ing joist, to give additional resistance to the tenon festive occasions.]
below. [W. gan, a mortise.] Galleass, Galleon. See under Galley.
Gainsay, gan-sa' or gan-' sa, v. t. [-said (-sad), -say- Gallery, gaKler-I, n. A
long and narrow corridor, or
ing.] To contradict, oppose in words, controvert, connecting passage-way ; a room for exhibiting
dispute._ [AS. gegnL against, and E. say.] Gain- — works of art; a collection of paintings, sculptures,
ffan-sa'- or gan'sa-er,
saver, gan-sa'
sayer, ffan'sa-e n. One who, etc. etc.; a platform on the interior sides of a building,
opposer. supported by brackets or columns. (JSTaut.) frame A
Gairish, Garish, gar'ish, a. Gaudy; showy; affected- like a balcony, projecting from a ship's stern or
ly fine; extravagantly gay; nighty. [ME. gare, to quarter. [OF. galle'rie, galerie, It. galleria, Sp. and
starve, same as gaze, q. v.] LL. galena, prob. fr. LL. galare, to rejoice. See
Gait. See under Gate. Gallant.]
Gaiter, ga'ter, n. A
covering for the ankle, fitting Galley, gaKlT, n. ; pi. -leys, -liz. (Naut.) low, A
down upon the shoe a kind of shoe, chiefly of
; flat-built vessel, with one deck, and navigated with
cloth, covering the ankle. [F. guetre, orig. guestre ; sails and oars; a light open boat; the cook-room of
prob. s. rt. MHG.
ivester, a child's chrisom-cloth, a ship. (Chem.) An oblong reverberatory furnace,
Goth, wasti, clothing. See Vest.] with a row of retorts whose necks protrude through
Gala, gala, n. Pomp, show, or festivity. [F., Sp., lateral openings. (Print.) A
frame or tray for receiv-
and It.; s. rt. It. galante, gay, lively, E. and OF. gal- ing type from the composing-stick. [OF. galie, It.
lant, q. v.] — Gala day. A day of festivity; holiday. —
and LL. galea.] Galley-slave, n. One condemned
Galactometer, gal'ak-tom'e-te'r, n. An instrument to to work at the oar on a galley. Gal'eas, Gal'leass, —
ascertain the quality of milk, by indicating its spe- -liass, n. A vessel larger than a galley, and resem-
cific gravity a lactometer. [Gr. gala, galaktos (s. bling a galleon, formerly used by the Spaniards and
rt. L.
;

lac, lactis), milk, and metron, measure.] — Venetians. [OF. galeace. It. galeazza, Sp. and Pg.
Gal'axy, -aks-I, n. (Astron.) The Milky Way. An galeaza.] —
Gal'iot, Gal'liot, n. A small galley; a
assemblage of splendid persons or things. [OF. brigantine, built for chase a Dutch vessel, with ;

galaxie, L. and Gr. galaxias, fr. gala.] mam and mizzen masts and a large gaff main-sail.
Gale, gal, n. A
wind between a stiff breeze and a [OF. galiote, LL. galeota, It. galeotta.] Gal'leon, n. —
tempest a moderate eurrent of air a breeze a
; ; ; A large ship, with 3 or 4 decks, formerly used by
state of excitement or passion. v.i. (JS~aut.) To the Spaniards in war and commerce. [Sp. galeon.]
sail fast. [Dan. gal, Ic. galinn, mad, furious.] Gallic, gaKlik, -lican, a. Pert, to Gaul or France. [L.
Galeas. See under Galley. Gallicus, fr. Gallia, Gaul.]— Gal'licism, -ll-sizm,
Galeate, ga/le-at, -ated, a. Covered, as with a hel- n. A mode of speech peculiar to the French.—
met. (Bot.) Having a flower like GaPlicanism, n. The principles of the Gallican
a helmet. [L. galeare, -atum, to church, or Rom. Cath. church in France, esp. of —
cover with a helmet, galea, hel- those within that church who seek to maintain its
met.] national position against papal encroachments, —
Galena, ga-le'na, n. Sulphuret of opp. to ultramontanism. —
Gal'licize, -slz, v. t.
lead the principal ore from which [-cized (-sizd), -cizing.] To render conformable to
—
;

lead is extracted. [L.] Gale''- the French idiom or language.

nite, -nit, n. Galena. Galligaskins, gal-lY-gas'kinz, n. pi. Large, open hose
Galeopithecus, ga / le-o-pith /'e-kus, n. or trowsers leather guards worn on the legs by
;

The flying lemur a nocturnal ; sportsmen. [OF. garguescans, corrupt. Yi.Gregues-

mammal of the E. Ind. Archipel- qiie, It. Grecnesco, Greekish, a name orig. given to
ago. [Gr. galee, weasel, and pithe- them in Venice.]
los, ape.] Gallinacean, gal-lT-na'shan, n. bird of the family A
Galimatias, gal-I-ma'sha, n. Non- which includes the common hen. Gallina'ceous. —
sense gibberish confused talk.
; ; -shus, a. Pert, to an order of birds, including do-
[F., fr. a lawyer who, pleading in /-. nl p^ tp rnmlla mestic fowls. [L. gallinaceus, fr. gallina, a hen,
Latin about a stolen cock, persist-
<* aleate Corolla.
gallus, a cock.] —
Gal'linule, -nul, n. An aquatic
ently changed gallus Matthise ( Matthew's cock) into bird inhabiting rivers, ponds, and marshy places ;

galli Matthias (the cock's Matthew).] moor hen. [L. gallinula, dim. of gallina.]
Galiot. Se« under Galley. Galliniper, gal'lI-nip-pSr, n. large mosquito. A
Galipot, gal'I-pot, n. A
white resinous juice, which Gallipot, gal'll-pot, n. An apothecary's glazed earth-
flows from pine or fir trees. [F.; Sp. galipodio, OF. en pot for containing medicines. [OD. gleypot, fr.
garipot, the wild pine or pitch tree.] gleye, potter's clay.]
Gall, gawl, n. (Physiol.) The bitter, alkaline, greenish- Gallium, gal r lt-um, n. (Chem.) A silver- white, hard
yellow liquid in the gall-bladder; bile. Anything metal, somewhat malleable, and melting at 86°
bitter; spite; malignity. [AS. gealla, D. gal, Ic. gall, Fahr. [Fr. Gallia, France, also gallus, a cock, in al-
L. fel, Gr. chole ; s. rt. green, gold, yellow.] GalK- — lusion to Lecoq, its discoverer.]
blad'der, n. (Anat.) A
pear-shaped membranous Gallon, gal'lun, n. A measure of capacity 4 quarts. =
sac, on the under side of the liver, containing gall. [OF.; XL. galona, perh. fr. L. gaulus, Gr. gaulos, a
Gall, gawl, G. nut, n. vegetable Aexcrescence pro- milk-pail, bucket.]
duced by an insect in the bark or leaves of plants, Galloon. See under Gallant.
as the oak-apple, etc., —
used in dyeing, making Gallop, gaKlup, v. i. [-loped (-lupt), -loping.] To
ink, etc. [OF. galle, L. galla.] Gall'-fly, n. The— run with leaps or bounds, as a horse; to move very
insect which, etc. —
Gallic, gal'lik, a. (Chem.) rapidly. —
n. A mode of running by a quadruped,
Pert, to, or derived from, galls. by lifting alternately the fore feet and the hind feet
Gall, gawl, v. t. [galled (gawld), galling.] To together, in successive bounds. [OF. galoper, wal-
fret and wear away by friction ; to excoriate, oper, to gallop, OFlemish walop, a gallop, orig. the
chafe; to tease, vex, chagrin; to harass, annoy. n. — boiling of a pot —
fr. the sound made; OLG. wallen,
A wound in the skin from rubbing. [OF. galler, to AS. weallan, to boil Skr. valg, to gallop, val, to
;

gall, gale, a scab. L. callus, hard skin, the itch.] move to and fro; s. rt. L. volvere, to roll, E. walk.]
Gallant, gallant, a. Showy; splendid; magnificent; — Galloper, n. —
Gal'lopade, -ad, n. A kind of
—
gay; noble in bearing or spirit; heroic; courageous; dance music appropriate to it. [F. galopade.]
;

brave.— Gallant', n. A gay, courtly, or fashionable Gallopade', v. i. To perform this dance.

man one who wooes a
one attentive to ladies Galloway, gaKlo-wa, n. A
horse of small size, bred in
lover; suitor. —a. Attentive to ladies, — v.
; ; ;

To t. Galloway, Scotland.
attend or wait on (a lady). [OF. (F. galant), p. pr. Gallows, gal'lus or gal'lez, n. sing. ; pi. -lowses. An
of galer, to rejoice, fr. gale, show, mirth, It., Sp., instrument of execution, consisting of 2 posts and a
and Pg. gala, ornament, festive attire Goth, gail- ; cross-beam on the top, from which a criminal is sus-
jan, MHG. geilen, to make merry, Ic. gala, to sing; pended by a rope round his neck; a like instrument
AS. gal, D. geil, lascivious, OS. gel, MHG. geil, for suspending anything, pi. A pair of suspenders
mirthful.] —
Gal'lantly, adv. In a gallant manner, or braces. [AS. galga, gealga, Ic. galgi, D. galg.] —
am, fame, far, piss or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; In, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 5r
 GALLT 227 GAP
G&l'lowB-bitts, n.pl. (Naut.)
of a ship's deck for supporting spare spars, etc.
A
frame in the center to fight. —
keeper, n. One who has care of game,
esp. in a preserve. —
Gam'mon, n. imposition, An
Gaily. See Galley. hoax, humbug the game of back gammon.— v. t.
;

Sallygaskins. See Galligaskins. To beat in back gammon by removing all one's

Saioche. ga-losh', n. An overshoe; a gaiter to cover counters before one's antagonist has removed any ;
the leg and upper part of the foot. [F.; LL. calo- to impose on by improbable stories to humbug. ;
—
pedia, Gr. katopodion, wooden shoe, dim. of kalo- Gam'ble, v. i. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] 1 r play or
pous, shoemaker's last, fr. kalon, wood, and pous, game — v. To squander
for stakes. t. by gaming.
foot.] [Dim. of game.] — Gam 'bier, n.
Galoot, ga-loot', n. A
noisy, riotous fellow rowdy. ; Gamin, ga-maN', n. A neglected city boy street ;

[Slang. U. S.] Arab. [F.]

Galvanic, gal-van'ik, o. Pert, to, containing, or ex- Game-leg, gamleg, n. A lame or crooked leg. [W.
hibiting, galvan- cam, gam, crooked. See Gambol.]
ism. [Fr. Gal- Gammer, gam'mer, n. An old wife, — correlative of
vani, of Bologna, gaffer, q. v. [Corrup. of Prov. E. grammer, for
who invented his grandmother.]
battery in 1791.]— Gammon (of bacon). See under Gambol. Humbug. —
Galvanic battery. See under Game.
An apparatus of Gamp, gamp, n. A large umbrella. [Fr. Mrs. Gamp,
metals, acids, a character in Dickens's novel, " Martin Chuzzle-
etc., for generat- wit."]
ing galvanism. — Gamut, gam'ut, n. (Mils.) The scale. [OF. game,
G?pile. Appara- Galvanic Battery, gamme (= Gr. gamma =
E. letter G, the name of
tus to produce an electric current, —consisting of a the 7th and last note in the scale) and L. ut, old
pile of alternate silver (or copper) and zinc disks, name for the 1st note, now called do.]
mid up with disks of paper or cloth between them, Gander, gan'der, a. The male of the goose. [AS.
moistened with brine or acid water. Gal' vanism, — gandra, ganra. See Goose.]
-va-nizm, n. Electricity developed by chemical ac- Gang, gang, n. A number going in company; a com-
tion between different substances without the aid pany, esp. of disreputable persons; a squad of work-
of friction; science of galvanic electricity. GaK- — men; a labor-saving combination of similar imple-
vanist, n. One versed in galvanism. Gal'vanize, — ments. (Mining.) A gangue, q. v., below. [ME.
v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To affect with galva- and D., a way, passage; AS., ajourney; Sw., agoing,
nism; to plate or coat with metal, by means of gal- a time Dan., walk, gait Goth, gaggs (= gangs), a
; ;

vanism ; to restore to consciousness by galvanic ac- way, street, Ic. gangr, a going, also a gang (of men,
tion. —Galvanized iron. Iron coated with zinc by animals, etc.) AS. gangan, Ic. ganga, to go, q. v.]
galvanic deposition; more commonly by a process in
—
— ;

Gang'way, n. A passage or way into an inclosed

which the coating is not produced oy galvanism. place. (Naut.) The waist. —
Gang'-board, n. (Naut.)
Galvanog'raphy, -ft, n. Art or process of produ- A plank, with cleats for steps, for entering a boat; a
cing copper-plates by galvanic action electrotypy. ; plank within or without the bulwarks of a vessel's
[Gr. graphein, to write.] —
Galvanom'eter, n. An in- waist, for -the sentinel to walk on. [D. gangboord.~]
strument for determining the strength and direction — -cask, n. A cask for bringing water aboard ships
of currents of galvanic electricity. [Gr. metron, a in boats.— Gangue, gang, n. (Mining.) The mineral
measure.] —
Galvan'oscope, n. Apparatus for de- substance inclosing metallic ore in the vein. [F.; G.
tecting the presence of galvanic electricity. [Gr. gang, a vein in a mine.]
skopos, viewing.] Ganglion, gan'glT-un, n. (Compar. Anat.) collec- A
Gambado, gam-ba'do, n. ; pi. -eadoes, -doz. case A tion of nerve cells, giving off nerve fibers in one or
of leather, to defend the leg from mud, in riding on more directions. (Human Anat.) A mass of vesicu-
horseback. [It. and Sp. garnba, leg.] lar neurine in the course of a nerve, distinct from
Gambit, gam'bit, n. A
mode of opening the game of the brain and spinal cord also, a lymphatic gland.
;

chess. [F., fr. OF. gambier, to walk, fr. garnbe, F. (Surg.) A

globular, hard, indolent tumor, situated
jambe, leg. See Gambol.] on a tendon. [L. and Gr.; perh. s. rt. Gr. gonggulos,
Gamble, Gambler^ See under Game. round.] —
Lymphatic ganglion. lymphatic gland. A
Gamboge, gam-boo]' or -boj', n. A concrete vegeta- — Gan'gliac, -glionlc, a. Pert, to a ganglion.
ble juice, or gum-resin, of reddish-yellow color, pro- Gangrene, gan'gren, n. (Med.) The first stage of
duced by trees of Siam, Ceylon, and Malabar, and mortification of living flesh, in which it loses warmth
used as a pigment. [Fr. Cambodia, in Anam, and sensation and becomes discolored. v. t. To —
whence it is exported.] mortify, —
v. i. To become mortified or putrescent;
Gambol, gam'bol, v. i. [-boled (-bold), -boling.] To to lose vitality. [OF.; L. gangrsena, Gr. ganggraina,
dance about in sport; to frisk.— n. A skipping fr. Gr. grainein, Skr. gri, to devour.] Gan'grenous, —
about in frolic; a hop. [OF. gambade. It. gambata; -nus, a. Mortified: putrefied, —
said of living flesh.
OF. gambe. It. gamba, leg, LateL. gamba, leg-ooint, Gangue, Gangway. See under Gang.
Gr. kampe, a bending, Skr. kanip, to go to and fro.] Gamster, Gaunister, gan'is-ter, n. (Mech.) A refrac-
— Gam'mon, n. A
hog's thigh, pickled and smoked tory lining for Bessemer converters, consisting of
or dried; a 6moked ham. v. t. —
To make bacon of. ground siliceous stone and fire-clay material for ;

(Naut.) To fasten (a bowsprit to the stem of a ship). macadamizing roads. (Mining.) Hard, siliceous
[OF. gambon (F. jambon), a gammon (of bacon), strata in the coal-formation.
fr. gambe (F. jambe).'] —
Gam'brel. n. The hind leg Gannet, gan'net, n. The Solan goose, a sea-fowl al-
of a horse ; a stick crooked like a horse's leg, used lied to the pelican. [AS.
by butchers. — Gambrel roof. A
hipped roof man- ; ganot. See Goose.]
sard or curb roof._ Ganoid, ga'noid, -noid'-
Gambroon, gam-broon', n. Twilled linen cloth for ian, -I-an, n. One of
lining. an order of fishes, hav-
Game, gam, n. Sport of any kind; jest; frolic ; a con- ing shining bony scales
trivance, arrangement, or institution, furnishing or plates, —
including
sport or amusement ; use of such a game a single ; the gar and sturgeon.
match at play; contest; tiling gained, as the stake [NL. ganoidei, fr. Gr.
in a game animals pursued by sportsmen scheme
; ; ganos, brightness, and
pursued; plan; project. —
a. Ready to fight to the eirfos, form.]
last, like a game-cock brave ; resolute pert, to Gantlet, ganflet, -lope,
—
; ;

those animals hunted for game. v. i. [gamed -lop, n. Amilitary or

(gamd), gaming.] To play at any sport: to play for naval punishment in
a stake or prize; to gamble. [AS. gamen, a game, OS. which the offender runs
and Ic. gaman, mirth, OHG. gaman, joy.]— To make between 2 files of men Gannet.
game of. To make sport of, mock, ridicule. To — facing one another, who strike him as he passes.
die g. To maintain an unyielding spirit to the last. [Sw. gatlopp, lit. a run down a lane, fr. gata, street,
— Game'ness, n. Endurance; pluck. Game'some, — lane (see Gate), and lopp, a course, running, fr.
-sum, a. Gay frolicsome.
; Gamy, gam'!, a. — lopa, to run; s. rt. leap.]— To run the gauntlet. To
(Cookery.) Having the flavor of dead game kept undergo the above punishment; to pass the ordeal
uncooked until nearly tainted. (Sporting.) Show- of severe criticism or ill-treatment at many hands.
ing gameness. —
Game'ster, n. One who plays at Gaol, jal, Gaoler. See Jail.
games a gambler.
;
—
Game'-cock, n. cock bred A Gap, gap, n. An opening in anything made by break-

sun, cube, full ; moon, fd6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;; ; —

GAR 228 GASH

ing or parting ; an opening for passage or entrance
hiatus; vacant space or time; an opening which is
irreparable. [Ic. and Sw., a gap, breach, abyss, Dan.
gab, gap, mouth, throat, chasm. See Gab.] Gape,
gap, in Eng. pron. gap, v. i. [gaped (gapt), gaping.]
To open the mouth wide, as, expressing desire for
food; or indicating sleepiness, indifference, dullness;
or showing surprise, astonishment, expectation, etc.
or manifesting a desire to injure, devour, or over-
come; to open as a gap; to gaze, stare, yawn. n.
;
— Garnishment, n. Ornament; decoration. (Law.~*
Legal notice to appear and give information to the
court on any matter; warning to a person, in whose
— hands the effects of another are attached, not to
pay money or deliver goods, but to appear in court
and give information as garnishee. A fee.— Gar'ni-
ture, -ni-chur, n. That which garnishes; embellish-
ment. [F.] — Garrison, gar'rY-sn, n. {Mil.) A body
of troops in a fort or fortified town, to defend it or.
— to repress the inhabitants a strong place, in which;

The act of gaping. {Zobl.) The width of the mouth troops are quartered for its security. v.t. [gar-
when opened, as of birds, fishes, etc. [AS. geapan, risoned (-snd), -soning.] To place troops (a m
D. gapen, Ic. and Sw. gapa, G. gaffen, Skr. jabh, to fortress, etc.) for its defense to defend by for- ;

gape, yawn; AS. geap, wide.]— The gapes. dis- A tresses manned with troops. [ME. and OF. garnison,
ease of young poultry, attended with much gaping. provision, supply, fr. OF. garnir.]
Gar, gar, Gar'fish, n. A
slender sea-fish of the pike Garner, gar'ner, n. A
granary place wherein grain
family, having a long, pointed head; also one of sim- is stored. — v. t. [garnered (-nerd), -nering.]
;

ilar form, but with rhombic scales, found in fresh To store in a granary. [OF. gernier, grenier, L.
waters. [AS., a spear,— fr. its shape; cf. E. pike, ge.i, granaria, a granary, q. v.]
also Ic. geirsu, a kind of herring, fr. geirr, a spear.] Garnet, giir'net, n. {Min.) A
mineral of a deep-red
Garage, ga-razh', n. A
place where motor vehicles are color. {Naut.) A tackle fixed to the main-stay, to
housed and cared for.
[F.] hoist the cargo. [OF. grenat, LL. granatus, fr. its re-
Garb, garb, n. Clothing ; esp. official or appropriate sembling the shape and color of pomegranate seeds,
dress ; fashion, or mode of dress ; exterior appear- fr. L. granum, a grain, q. v.]
ance; looks. [OF. garbe, It. garbo, garb, handsome- Garnish, Garrison, etc. See under Garment.
ness, OHG. garawi, preparation, dress, garo, JVIHG. Garret, gar'ret, n. That part of a house on the upper
gare, ready; s. rt. gear.'] floor, immediately under the roof an attic. [OF. ;

Garbage, gar'bej, n. Refuse partsof flesh; offal ; ref garite, orig. a place of refuge or look-out., 'watch-
use matter from a kitchen ; any worthless or off en- tower, fr. garir, warir, to preserve, keep, OHG. war-
sive matter. [Prob. same as garble.'] jan, AS. warian, to defend, AS. wser, wary, q. v.
Garble, gar'bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bung.] To sift See Garment.] —
Garreteer'', -er', n. An inhabi-
or bolt; to pick out such parts of as may serve a pur- tant of a garret; a poor author; literary hack.
pose; to mutilate, corrupt. [OF. grabeller, Sp. gar- Garrote, gar-rot" n.
-

, A
Spanish mode of execution by
biUar, to sift, garble, garbillo, Per. gharbil, Ar. ghir- strangulation, with an iron collar affixed to a post
bal, a sieve. 1 —
Gar'bler, n. —
Gar'bles, -biz, n. pi. and tightened by a screw; instrument by which the
Garboard, gar'bord, n. {Naut.) The first plank fast- punishment is inflicted. — v. t. [garroted ; -eo.t-
ened next the keel on the outside of a vessel's bot- ing.] To strangle with the garrote to seize by the ;

tom. throat from behind, to strangle and rob. [Sp., fr.

Garden, gar'dn, n. A piece of ground for cultivating garra, claw, clutch, Armor. & W. gar, leg, shank
flowers, or vegetables, etc.; a rich, well-cultivated s. rt. garter,] —
Garrotter, n. One who seizes a per-
;

spot or tract of country. v. i. —

[-dened (-dnd), son by the throat from behind, to strangle and rob
-DENING.] To layout or cultivate a garden; labor him.
in agarden. [ME. and OF. gardin(F.jardin), OHG. Garrulous, gar'roo-lus, a. Indulging in long, prosy
garto, gen. gartin; s. rt. AS. geard, E. yard.]— Gar'- talk, with repetition and excessive detail; talkative;
dener, -dn-Sr, n. One who makes and tends a garden loquacious. [L. garrulus, fr. garrire, to chatter; s. rt.
a horticulturist. [OHG. gartinare.] —
Gar'dening, n. call.] — Garru'lity, -lt-tt, n. Quality of being, etc.
Art of, etc.; horticulture. Garter, gar'ter, n. A
band to hold up a stocking on
Garget, gar'get, n. A
disease in udders of cows ; a the leg; the badge of the highest orderof knighthood
disease in hogs, indicated by staggering and loss in Great Britain, instituted by Edward III.: the or-
of appetite. (Bot.) A
plant having emetic and der itself.— v. t. [gartered (-terd), -tering.] To
cathartic qualities; poke or poke-weed. bind with a garter to invest with the order of the
;

Gargle, gar'gl, v. t. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To wash
or rinse (the mouth or throat); esp. to hold a me-
dicinal preparation suspended and agitated in the
throat. — ». A
liquid preparation for washing the
mouth and throat. [OF. gargouiller, fr. gargouille,
the throat, also mouth of a spout or gutter; ^>p. gar-
Garter. [OF. gartier, fr. garret, F. jarret, ham of
the leg. See Garrote.]
Garth, garth, n. A close; yard; croft: garden; green-
sward within aeloister; a dam or wei for catching
fish. [W. gardd, inclosure; s. rt. garden.]
Gas, gas or gaz, n. An aeriform elastic fluid illumi-
—
;

aola, gargoyle ; F. nating gas, a mixture of carbureted hydrogen and

gorge, 1 1. gorga, the defiant gas or bi-earbureted hydrogen, obtained by
throat. See Gorge.] — destructive distillation of coal. [D., a word invented
Gar'goyle, goil, n. by the chemist Van Helmont, who died in 1644 ;

{Arch.) A projecting perh. f-r. D. geest, ghost (q. v.), spirit, volatile fluid.]
water-spout, carved — Laughing gas. Nitrous oxide, used as an anaes-
—
—
grotesquely. thetic by dentists, etc. Gaseous, gaz'e-us or ga'-
Garish. See Gairish. zhus, a. In the form of gas, or an aeriform fluid;
Garland, garland, n. A lacking substance or solidity tenuous.— Gassy, gas'- ;

gargoyle, Full of gas; inflated; full of ambitious or de-

wreath or chaplet of sT, a.
branches, flowers, feathers, etc.; a coronal; the top; ceitful talk.— Gas'ify, v. t. [-fied (-ild), -eying.] To
firincipal thing; thing most prized; a collection of convert into gas. [L.facere, to make.] Gas'ifica'- —
ittle printed pieces an anthology.
; {Naut.) A bag, tion, n. Act or proeess of, etc. Gas'-burn'er, n. —
used by sailors to keep provisions in; a ring of rope
lashed on a mast. v. t.— To crown or deek with a orifices, to be burned. —
That part of a gas-fixture where the gas escapes from
fix'ture, n. A bracket or
farland. [OF. garlande, F. guirlande, It. ghirlanda,
p. guirnalda ; perh. s. rt. OHG. wiara, refined gold,
fine ornament, and not s. rt. gala.]
—
chandelier for gas, including a stop-cock, burner, etc.
hold'er, n. A vessel to hold gas- gasometer.—
-main, n. One of the principal pipes conveying gag
Garlic, gar'lik, n. A
garden plant, allied to the onion, from the works. —
-me'ter, n. An instrument to
having a bulbous root, strong smell, and acrid taste. measure the quantitv of gas consumed. [Gr. metron,
[AS. garleac, fr. gar, spear, and leak, leek.] a measure.] —
Gas'olene, -len, -line, -lin, n. highly A
Garment, garment, n. Any article of clothing. [ME. volatile mixture of fluid hydrocarbons, obtained
and OF. garnement, fr. 0F. garnir, guarnir, warnir, from petroleum, also by distillation o1 bituminous
to garnish, adorn, fortify, AS. warnian, to beware coal. — Gasolier', -ler', n. A chandelier fitted for
of,OFriesic wernia, to give a pledge. See Warn.] — illumination by gas. [Formed in imitation of chan-
Gar'nish, v. t. [-wished (-nisht), -nishing.] To delier.]— Gasom'eter, gaz-, n. A gas-holder or res-
adorn, embellish to furnish, as a fort with troops. ervoir. — Gasom'etry, -trT, n. Measurement of gases.
;

{Law.) To warn, give notice to. n. Decoration — ; Gasconade, gas-kon-ad r n. A boast or boasting;
,

ornament; also, garments, esp. showy ones. {Cook- vaunt; bravado. —

v. i. To boast, brag, bluster. IT.
ery.) Something set round a dish as an embellish- gasconnade, —
in allusion to the propensity of ike
ment. In jails, fetters also an entrance fee de- people of Gaseony.]
;

manded bv old prisoners of one just committed.

:
— Gash, gash, v. t. [gashed (gasht), gashing.] To make
Garnishee"*, n. {Law.) One in whose hands the a long, deep incision in. n. —
A deep and long cut,
property of another has been attached a trustee. ; esp. in flesh. [OF. garser, to scarify, pierce with a

fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 GASKET
lancet, LL. garsa, scarification, pern, corrupt, fr.
Gr. charaxis, an incision s. rt. shear.] ;
Gasket, gas'ket, n. (Faut.) A
flat, plaited cord to furl
the sail, or tie it to the yard. (3Iech.) Platted hemp
to pack pistons, as of steam-engines and pumps; any
ring or washer of packing. [F. garcetie.)
Gasp, gasp, v. i. [gasped (gaspt), GASPING.] To labor
for breath, respire convulsively or violently; to
pant with eagerness. —
i>. t. To emit with gaspings.
— n. A labored respiration; convulsive opening of
the mouth for breath. [Ic. geispa, Sw. gaspa, Dan.
gispe ; s. rt. gape.]
Gastric, gas'trik, a. (Anat.) Pert, to the stomach.
[Gr. gaster, Skr. jathara, the belly.]
Gastric fever.
{Pathol.) Bilious, enteric, or typhoid fever; acute
229 GAZETTE
the depth to which a vessel sinks in the water. The
distance between the rails of a railroad. [When the
gauge is 4 ft. 8£ in. it is called standard gauge ; when
less, narrow gauge.] (Plastering.) The quantity
of plaster of Paris used with common plaster to
hasten its setting; the composition used in finishing
plastered ceilings, etc. [OF. ganger, jauger, to gauge,
jauge, a gauge, measure, LL. gangia, the standard
measure of a wine-disk: s. it. gallon.] Gau'ger, n. —
One who gauges; an officer whose business it is to
ascertain the contents of casks.
Gault, gawlt, n. (Geol.) A series of beds of clay and
marl, whose geological position is between the ui>per
—
and lower green-sand.
Gaunt, gant, a. Lean meager pinched and grim. : ;

inflammatory dyspepsia. —
Gastritis, n. {Med.) In- [CI'. Norweg. gaud, a thin stick, also a tall, thin man,
flammation of the stomach.— Gas'teropod, n. (Zo'61.) overgrown stripling; Sw. dial, gunk, a lean horse.]
A molluscous animal (as the snuii_), having a mus- Gauntlet, gant'let, ?j. A glove with plates of metal
cular ventral disk, which serves in place of feet. on the back, worn as defensive armor;
[Gr. pons, podos, a foot.] —
Gastril'oquy, -o-kwl, n. a long glove, covering the wrist. [OF.
A voice or utterance which appears to proceed from
— gantelet, fr. gant, OSw. wante, Ic. vottr,
the stomach; ventriloquy. [L. loqui, to speak.] a glove, Dan. vante, D.
Gastril'oquist, -kwist, n. A
ventriloquist.— GastroK- want, a mitten: perh. s. rt.
ogy, -o-jl, n. A
treatise on the stomach. [Gr. logos, OSw. winda, to wrap, E.
discourse.] —Gastron'omy, -ml, n. Art or science wind.] —
To take itp the
of good eating; epicurism. [Gr. nomos, law, usage.] gauntUt. To accept a chal-
— Gastron'enier, n. One fond of good living; an lenge.— To throw do w n the ew&r- Gauntlet.
epicure; glutton.— Gastronem'ic, -ical, a. Pert, to, g. To offer a challenge.
etc. — Gastros'copy, -ko-pT. n. (Med.) Examination Gauze, gawz, n. A
very thin, transparent stuff, of silk,
of the abdomen, to detect disease; abdominoscopy. lisen, cotton, wire, etc. [OF. gaze, embroiderv can-
[Gr. skopein, to examine.] —
Gas'tro-col'ic, a. {Med.) vas, orig. brought from G«za, in Palestine.]— Gauz'y,
Pert, to both stomach and colon. [Gr. kolikos, pert. -T, a. Pert, to, like, or thin as gauze.
to the colon.] —G.-elytrotomy, -el't-trofo-ml, n. Gave. See Give.
(Surg.) The operation of cutting into the upper part Gavel, gav'el, n. A small heap of grain, not tied up;
of the vagina, to remove a fetus, —a
substitute for the mallet of a presiding officer. [OF. gavelle, F.
the Cesarean operation. [Gr. elutron. a sheath, and javelle, javeau, dim. fr. L. c&pulus, handle, capere,
tome, a cutting. ] —
G.-enter'ic, a. (Med.) Pert, to to seize.]
the stomach and intestines. [Gr. enteron, intestine.] Gavelkind, gav'el-kind, n. (O. Eng. Low.) A tenure
— G.-enteri'tis, n. (Pathol.) Inflammation of the by which land descended from the lather to all his
lining membrane of etc ,
—
G.-hepat'ic, a. (Med.) sons in equal portions, and the land of a brother,
Pert, to both stomach and liver. [Gr. hepar, liver.] dying without issue, descended equally to his
— G.-hys'terot'omy, -his'ter-ofo-mT, a. (Surg.) The brothers. [Ir. gabhailcine : gabhail, a receiving,
Cesarean operation. [Gr. hustera, womb.] tenure, fr. gabhaim, I receive; cine, family, tribe;
Gate, gat, n. A
passage-way in the wall of a city, field, W. gafael, Corn, gavel, tenure, cenedl, a tribe.]
edifice, etc.; a movable barrier closing an opening in Gavial, 'vT-al, A crocodile found in Inci India.
a fence or wall or placed across a road; a frame stop- [Native name.]
ping the passage of water through a dam, lock, etc.; Gawk, gawk, n. A cuckoo; a simpleton: booby. [AS.
an avenue: means of entrance. [AS. geat, D. and Ic. geac, Ic. gaukr, Sw. gok, a cuckoo; 9IIG. couch, G.
gat, a gate, opening, Ic. and Sw. guta, Dan. gade, gauch, a cuckoo, simpleton: L. cucus, fool, cuckoo,
Goth, gatwo, G. gasse, a street; xVS. gitan, to get, ar- q. v.j— Gawk'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.] Foolish and
rive at, reach.] —
Gate'-way, n. A
passage through awkward clumsy and clownish.
; n. A fellow —
a fence or wall; a frame, arch, etc., in which a gate awkward from being overgrown, or from stupidity.
ishung. —
Gait, gat, n. Walk; march; way; manner Gay, ga, a. Excited with delight merry; gleeful; ;

of walking or stepping. sprightly jolly; jovial having many or showy

; ;

Gather, gatb/er, v. t. [-ERED(-erd),-ERiNG.] To bring colors 'dissipated

; loose lewd.' [OF. gai, merrv,
: :

together, collect, assemble; to harvest, pick, pluck; OHG. gahi, MHG. gach, quick, rash, lively, MHG.
to amass in large quantity or numbers ; to make gan, G. gehen. to go; s. t. go, Jan.] Gayety. Gaiety,
> —
compact, consolidate to draw together (a piece of
: ga'e-tY, n. State of being gay: merriment: acts or
cloth, by a thread), pucker, plait to derive, as an entertainments prompted by, or inspiring, merry
—
;

inference; to infer, conclude. v. i. To come to- delight, —

used often in pi.; finery; show; jollity.
gether, congregate; to increase; to come to a head, — Gayly, Gaily, ga'lT, adv.
as a sore; to draw an inference. n. plait or — A Gaze, gaz, v. i. [gazed (gazd), gazing.] To fix the
fold in cloth, made by drawing the thread through eyes in a steady and earnest look to gape, stare.— ;

it. [AS. gsedrian, gaderian, to"gather, fr. gader, to- n. A fixed look a look of eagerness, wonder, or
;

gether, gssd, society, company: D. gaderen, to col- admiration object gazed on. [Sw. dial, gasa, to
lect, f r. gader, together.] —
Gatb/erer, n. Gather- — ;

gaze, stare; s. rt. aghast, gairish.] Gaz'er, ti. — —

ing, n. That gathered or brought together, as a Gaze'hound, n. A hound that pursues by sight
crowd, assembly ; a tumor, suppurated or matu- rather than by scent. —
Gaz'ing-stpck, n. One gazed
rated; an abscess. at with scorn: an object of curiosity.
Gatling-gun, gafling-gun, n. A
machine-gun, having Gazelle, ga-zel", n. A
small antelope of Asia and K.
a cluster of parallel revolving breach-loading bar- Africa, remarkable for
rels. [Named fr. inventor.] its swiftness, elegant
Gauchene, gosh^re, n. Awkwardness ; gawkiness ; form, and the soft luster
blundering. [F., fr. gauche, the left hand.] of its eyes. [OF.; Ar.
Gaud, gawd, n. A pieci of worthless finery; a trinket. ghazal.]
[L. gau h'wn.ioy, in LL. a bead on a rosary; s. rt. Gazette, ga-zef, n. A
joy.] —
Gaud'y, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Ostentatiously newspaper: esp., an of-
fine: showy: gay; merry.— Gaud'ily, -I-lI, adv.— ficial journal. — r. r. To
Gaud'iness, n. announce or publish in
Gauffer, gawi'fer, v. t. To plait, crimp, or flute; to a gazette, or officially.
goffer, as lace. [F. grmfrer, to figure cloth, velvet, [OF., fr. It. gazzetta.'a
etc., fr. gaufre, E. waffle, q. v.] magpie, hence tattle
Gauge, Gage, gaj, r. t. [gauged (gajd), gauging.] To (dim. of It. gazza, mag-
measure or ascertain the contents of, as of a pipe, pie, whence gazzettare,
hogshead, etc.: to measure the capacity or ability to chatter, to write ga-
of; estimate. n. An instrument to determine dis- zettes), also a coin uazeue.
tances, dimensions, or capacity; a standard of any worth about l-3d of a cent (dim. of L. and Gr. gaza,
kind; estimate. (Physics.) Apparatus for determin- To the usual etymology, fr. the
treasure, wealth).
ing at any moment the state, or volume, or pressure name of the coin,
it is objected that no newspaper
of a fluctuating object, as water, steam, etc. (Naut.) could have been published at that price in 1536, in
Petition with reference to a vessel and to the wind; Venice, where the original gazette appeared.] —
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —

GEAR 230 GENEROUS

Gaz'etteer', -ter ,r h. , A
writer of news; officer who £ender. [ME. gendre, OF. and F. genre, It. genere,
publishes news by authority a geographical dic- ; genus, generis, kind. See Genus.]
i.

tionary; alphabetical descriptive list. Genealogy, jen-e-aro-jT, n.'An account of the descent
Gear, ger, n. Manufactured stuff or material; goods; of a person or family from an ancestor; a list of an-
clothing; ornaments; dress; horse-trappings. cestors; pedigree; regular descent from a progenitor;
(Jfach.) A
toothed wheel, or toothed wheels col- lineage. [OF. genealogie, L. and Gr. genealagia, fr.
lectively; connection of toothed wheels with each Gr. genea, birth, descent, and logos, discourse. See
other; gearing. v. t. —
(geared (gerd), gearing.] Genus.]— GeneaFogize, -o-jiz, v. t. To relate the
To dress, put on gear, harness. [AS. gearioe, OS. history of descents.— Genealogist, -jist, n. One who
garuuti, MHG. garwe, gear, whence OF. garbe, E. traces, etc. —
Gen'ealoglcal, -loglk-al, a. Pert, to
garb, q. v.; AS. gearu, OS. garu, ready, D. gaar, genealogy; exhibiting descent from an ancestor.
dressed; s. rt. yare.] Gearing, n.— .^ Genera, n. ; pi. of Genus.
Harness. (Mach.) Parts by which frft'
ra- Generable. See under Generate.
motion communicated to one por
•'

General, jen'er-al, a. Kelating to a genus or kind;

tion of a machine is transmitted to pert, to a whole class or order comprehending ;

another, considered collectively ; . many species or individuals; not limited to a precise

esp., a train of wheels for transmit- $ or detailed import lax in signification
; widely ;

ting and varying motion. _ spread; prevalent; extensive, though not universal;
Gecko, gek'o, n. ; pi. -oes, -oz. A noc- having a relation to all common to the whole. — ;

turnal lizard, having flattened toes, ojv. * y n. The whole; the total, used in pi., or in sing, —
with sucking disks, by which it runs T^Sr-lrSr^ with the definite article; the chief or superior officer
upon walls and ceilings. [Onomat., _ "™^ in an administration; esp., one of the chief military
— fr. its cry.] Spur Gearing.
_

officers of a country. [OF., general, universal, L.

Ged, ged, n. A fish, the pike. [Ic. gedda, a pike; s. rt. generalis, pert, to a genus, q. v.] General assembly. —
Ic. gaddr, a goad, E. gad, goad. See Gar.] An assembly of a whole body, in fact or by repre-
Gee, je, v. t. [geed (jed), geeixg.] To turn to the sentation; a legislature. —
G. court. The legislature
off-side, or from the driver (i. e., in the U. S., to the of a state,— fr. its having, or having had, judicial
right side), said of cattle, or a team, used in the — power. —
G. issue. (Law.) An issue made by a
imperative. [Prob. f r. AS. gegan, to go.] general plea, traversing the whole indictment at
Gehenna,, ge-hen'na, n. The valley of Hinnom, near once, without offering any special matter to evade
Jerusalem, a receptacle for the city refuse, fires be- it. — G. officer. (Mil.) One above the rank of colo-
ing kept up, to prevent pestilential effluvia; hence, nel. —
G. ship. A ship employed as a general carrier.
in the New Testament, hell. [L.; Heb. Ge, valley, — G. term. (Logic.) A term which is the sign of c
and Hinnom.] general conception or g. notion. — In
In the main;
Gelatine, jeKa-tin, n. (Chem.) An animal substance for the most part; not always or universally. [The
which dissolves in hot water, and forms a jelly on word general, annexed to a name of office, usually
cooling; animal jelly. Glue and isinglass are forms denotes chief or superior, as, a commissary-general,
of gelatine. [F. : Sp., It., and LL. gelatina, fr. L. ge- quarter-master-general.] —
Generally, adv. In gen-
lare, -latum, to congeal, fr. gelu, frost; a. rt. cool, cold, eral; commonly; upon the whole. Gen'eralneas, —
jelly.] — Gel'able, a. Capable of being congealed, n. Condition or quality of being general; frequency;
or converted into jelly. —
Gelatinate, je-latl-nat, —
commonness. Generality, -t-tt, n. State of being
v. t. To convert into gelatine, or a jelly-like sub- general; that which is general; a vague statement
stance. —v. i. To be converted, etc. Gelat'ina'- — or phrase; the main body, bulk, greatest part. [OF.
tion, n. Act or process of, etc.— Gelat'inize, v. t. or generaliU.] —
Generalize, v. t. [-iZE»(-Izd),-iziNG.]
i. [-NiZED(-nIzd),-NiziXG.] Same as Gelatinate. To bring under a genus or genera; to use with a
— Gelatinous, -nus, a. Of the nature and consist- more extensive application to make universal in
ence of gelatine viscous. ;
—
Gelly, -It, n. Jelly.— application, as a formula or rule to derive, as a
;

Gelose', -los', n. {Chem.) A vegetable isinglass pre- genus, or as a general conception, or general prin-
pared from sea weed, Chinese moss, etc., —used for ciple. v. i.—To form classes or genera to take
—
;

food. Gelid, a. Very cold. [L. gelidus, f r. gelu.)
Geld, geld, v. t. To castrate, emasculate; to deprive of
anything essential; to deprive of anything excep-
tionable, expurgate. [Ic. gelda, Dan. gilde; pern.
8. rt. Goth. giltna, a sickle.] —
GeWing, n. Act of
castrating; a castrated animal, esp. a horse. [Ic, a
gelding.]
Gem, jem, n. (Bot.) A bud. A
precious stone, esp.
when cut and polished for ornament; a jewel; any-
thing beautiful, rare, or costlv. v. t. [gemmed
general or comprehensive views.— Gen'eraliza'tion,
n. Act of generalizing. —
Generalship, n. Office
of, or exercise of the functions of, a general; skill
and conduct of a general officer. Gen'eralis'Bimo, —
n. The chief commander of a military force; esp.,
the commander-in-chief of an army consisting of
grand divisions under separate commanders. [It.]
Generate, jen'gr-at, v. t. To beget, procreate, propa-
gate, engender; to cause to be, bring into life; to
— originate, esp. by a vital or chemical process to ;

( jemd), -MING.] To adorn or embellish, as with gems. produce, cause. [L. generare, -atum, fr. genus, q. v.]
[OF. gemme, a gem, L. gemma, a swelling bud, also — Gen'erable, a. Capable of being, etc. Genera'- —
a gem, jewel; perh. s. rt. L. gemere, to sigh (orig. to tion, n. Act of, etc. origination by some process,
;

swell, be full), Gr. gemein, to be full; perh. s. rt. Skr.
—
janman, birth, production.] Gem'' my, -mT, a. Full
of gems; bright; glittering; sparkling like a gem.
Geminate, -mat, a. Having buds; reproducing by
buds. [L. gemmare, -matum, to put forth buds.]
Gemma Hon, n. (^Yat. Hist.) Formation of a new
individual by the protrusion of part of an animal or
plant, whether it becomes free or remains connected
with the parent stalk. (Bot.) The arrangement of
buds on the stalk. The period of the expansion of
buds. — Gem'meous, -me-us, a. Pert, to, like, or of
the nature of, gems.— Gemmiferous, -er-us, a. Pro-
ducing gems or buds multiplying by buds. [L.
; under Alternate. — Generative, -tiv, a. Having
ferre, to bear.] —
Gemmip , arous, -a-rus, a. Produc-
mathematical, chemical, or vital; production; for-
mation; thing generated; progeny; offspring; a sin-
gle step or stage in the succession of natural de-
scent; the mass of beings living at one period; the
— ordinary interval of time at which one rank follows
another, or father is succeeded by child; an age;
race; kind; breed; stock. (Geom.) Formation or
production of any geometrical magnitude, by the
motion of a point or other magnitude. (Physiol.)
The aggregate of the functions and phenomena
which attend reproduction. [OF.; ~L. generation-
Alternate generation. (Biol.) Alternativen-ess, q. v.,
power to generate or produce prolific. — Gen'era'- ;

g, or reproducing by, buds. [L.parere, to produce.] tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which, etc.; apparatus
Gemini
dni, jem'I-ni, n.pl. (Astron.) constellation of A for generating steam, gas, etc. (Mus.) The principal
—
the zodiac, containing the 2 bright stars Castor and sound or sounds by which others are produced.
Pollux ; the 3d sign of the zodiac, which the sun Gen'erant, n. That which generates. (Geom.) A
enters about May 25th. [L., twins; s. rt. genere, line, surface, or solid, generated by the motion of a
gignere, to beget. See Genus.] Gemlnous, -nus, — point, line, or surface, called the generatrix.— Gen'-
a. Double; in pairs. era'trix, n. (Geom.) The point, or mathematical
Gendarme, zhoN-darm / n. ; pi. Gens-d'armes or
, magnitude, which, by its motion, generates another
Gendarmes, same pron. An armed policeman. [F., magnitude.
f r. the pi., gens d'armes, men at arms.] Gendarm'- — Generic, Generically, etc. See under Genus.
ery, -Sr-T, n. The body of armed police. [F. gen- Generous, jen'er-us, a. Exhibiting those qualities be-
darmerie.'] longing to high birth; noble; magnanimous; free to
Gender, jen'der, n. Sex, male or female. (Grain.) A give overflowing. [OF. generous, genereux, L. gen-
difference in words to express distinction of sex. — ;

erosus, of noble birth, fr. genus, q. v.] Generously, —

v.t. [gendered (-derd), -dering.] To beget, en- -IT, adv. —
Gen'eroslty, n. Quality of being gener-

Jte, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, eve, tSrm ; Tn, tee ; 5dd, tone, dr ;
 GENESIS 231 GERANIUM
ous; nobleness of birth orof soul; magnanimity; lib- breeding; one who waits about the person of one of
erality; munificence. [OF. generosity,!., generositas.) high rank. —
Gen'try, -trY, n. People of education
Genesis, jen'e-sis, n. Act of producing, or giving birth and good breeding; in Eng., in a restricted sense,
or origin to any thing; production; formation; origi- the class of people between the nobility and the vul-
nation; the 1st book of the Old Testament. (Geom.) gar. [ME. gentrie, corrupt, fr. gentrise, OF. genterise,
Same as Generation. [L. and Gr.; s. rt. genus.] — for gentilise, f r. gentil.]
Genetic, -ical, a. Pert, to, concerned with, or de- Gentian, jen'shan, n. (Bot.) A
plant whose root has
termined by, the genesis of any thir. r .— Genetically, a yellowish-brown color, and very bitter taste, and
adv. In reference to, etc. is used as an ingredient in stomachic bitters. [OF.
Genet, Jennet, jen'et, n. A
small-siz;d, well-propor- gentiane, L. gentiana, fr. Gentius, king of Illyria,
tioned, Spanish horse. [OF. genette, Sp. ginete, fr. who discovered its properties.)
Ar. zenata, a tribe of horsemen in Barbary.] Genuflection, je'nu- or je^u-nek'shun, n. Act of
Genet, Genette, jen'et or je-nef, n. carnivorous A bending the knee, esp. in worship. [F. genuflexion,
animal, allied to the civet, of gray color, spotted and LateL. genuflexio, fr. E. genu, the knee (a. rt. knee),
banded with black or brown, found in southern Eu- &TiAflectere'.flexum, to bend.]
rope, Africa, and Asia; its fur; cat-skin, when made Genuine, jen'u-in, a. Pert, to or proceeding from,
into muffs, etc., to imitate skins of the genet. [F. the original stock; not spurious, false, or adulter*
genette, Sp. gineta, Ar.jarneit.] ated; authentic; real; pure. [L. genuinus ; 6. rt
Geneva, je-ne'va. n. A
strongly alcoholic spirit dis- genus.] —Gen'uinely, adv. —
Gen'uineness, n.
tilled from grain, and flavored with juniper-berries Genus, je'nus, n. ; pi. Genera, jen'e-ra. (Logic.) A
or oil of turpentine; gin; Hollands; schiedam. [F. class of objects divided into several subordinate spe-
genievre, fr. L. juniperus, the juniper-tree.] cies. (Science.) An assemblage of species possess-
Genial, je'nY-al or jen'yal, a. Contributing to, or ing certain characters in common, by which they
concerned in, propagation or production genera- ; are distinguished from all others, —
subordinate to
tive; kindly sympathetically cheerful and cheer-
; tribe and sub-tribe. [L. genus, generis, Gr. genos,
ing: exciting sympathy. [OF.; L. genialis, fr. genius, race, gignomai, I am born, L. gignere, Skr. jan, to
q. v.] — Geniality, -Y-tY, n. Quality of being, etc. beget; s. rt. kin, general, gender, generate, ingenious,
Geniculate, je-nik'u-lat, -lated, a. (Bot.) Bent ab- projenitor, regenerate, genealogy, homogeneous, oxy-
rupt!}' at an angle, like the knee. [L. geniculu gen, etc.] —
Generic, -ical, -ner'ik-al, a. Pert, to a
dim. of (jenu, knee; s. rt. knee.] —
Genic'ula'tion, .*. genus or kind; comprehensive. —
Generlcally, adv.
State of being bent abruptly at an angle. Geocentric, je-o-senlrik, -trical, a. (Astron.) Having
Genie, je'nY, n. One of a fabulous class of beings, re- reference to the earth as center; in relation to or
garded by the Arabians as intermediate between seen from the earth, —
disting. fr. heliocentric, a6
angels and men, created of fire, and capable of as- seen from the sun; having reference to the center of
suming any form, or of becoming invisible, at pleas- the earth. [Gr. gea. ge (Skr. go), the earth, and ken-
ure. [See Jinnee.] tron, center, q. v.] —
Ge'ode, -od, n. (Min.) A rounded
Genital, ien'Y-tal, a. Pert, to generation. [OF.; L. nodule ©f stone, containing a cavity, usually lined
genitalis. See Genus.] —
Genitals, n. pi. The sex- with crystals. [Gr. eidos, form.] —
Geod'esy, -od'e-
ual organs; the privates. —
Genltor, n. One who 61, n. (Math.) That branch of surveying which al-
procreates; a sire; father. [L.] —
Genitive, -tiv, n. lows for the curvature of the earth, as in surveys of
(Gram.) A case in the declension of nouns, ex- states, or of long lines of coast. [Gr. daiein, to di-
pressing the relations expressed in English by of. — vide.] —Geog'nosy, -si, n. The subject-matter of
a. Pert, to, or indicating, source, origin, possession, speculative geology. [Gr. gnosis, knowledge.] —
etc. [OF. genitif, L. genitivus, the name of the case, Geog'ony, -nl, n. Doctrine of the formation of the
lit. pert, to generation.] —
Geniti'val, a. Of the earth. [Gr. gone, birth, fr. genein, to beget s. rt. ;

ferm of, or pert, to, the genitive case. genus.] —Geoglaphy, -fT, n. Science or description
Genius, jen'yus, n. ;pl. -iuses, -yus-ez. The peculiar of the world, its inhabitants, divisions, governments,
structure of mind with which each individual is en- products, etc. [Gr. graphein, to describe.] Geo- —
dowed by nature; special taste, inclination, or dispo- graphic, -ical, -graflk-al, a. Pert, to geography. —
sition; distinguished mental superiority; esp. supe- Geoglapher, -fer, n. One versed in, etc. GeoKogy, —
rior power of invention or origination of any kind -jY,«. Science of the structure and mineral constitu-
talent a man endowed with uncommon vigor of
; tion of the globe, the causes of its physical features,
mind; peculiar constitution or character. Genius, — and its history. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Geol'oger, —
je'nY-us, n. ; pi. -nii, -nY-I. A tutelary deity sup- -ogist, -jist, n. One versed in, etc. —
Geologic, -ical,
posed by the ancients to preside over a man's des- -lojlk-al, a. Pert, to, etc.— Geol'ogize, v. i. [-gized
tiny in life; hence, a supernatural being; a spirit, (-jizd), -gizing.] To study geology, make geological
good or evil; the animating spirit of a people or pe- investigations. —
Ge'oman'cy, -sY, n. Divination by
riod. [L. s. rt. genus, q. vi] figures or lines, formed by dots, orig. on the earth,
;

Genre, zhoN'r, n. A
style of painting, sculpture, etc., afterward on paper. [Gr. manteia, divination.] —
representing every-day life and manners. [F. See Geoman'tic, -tical, a. Pert, to, etc. Geom'etry, —
Gender.] -trY, n. That branch of mathematics which investi-
Genteel, jen-tel', a. Possessing or exhibiting the qual- gates the relations, properties, and measurement of
ities belonging to high birth and breeding; well solids, surfaces, lines, and angles. [Gr. metrein, to
bred; easy in manners; elegant in appearance .dress, measure, metron, a measure.] —
Geom'eter, n. One
or manner; polite; refined; fashionable. [ME. and skilled in geometry. —
Geomefric, -rical, a. Pert.,
OF. gentil, L. gentilis, orig. of the same clan, also a or according to, the rules or principles of geometry:
gentile, fr. gens, gentis, tribe, race; s. rt. genus.] — determined by geometry, —
often used in a techni-
Genteelly, adv. —
Genteel'ness, «.— Genlfle, -til, cal sense, as opp. to mechanical. —
Geometrically,
—
n. One of a gentile or non-Jewish nation; a wor- adv. — GeonVetri'cian, -trish'an, n. geometer. A
shiper of false gods, heathen, pagan. a. Pert, to — Geom'etrize, v. i. T-trized (-trizd), -tbizing.] To
the nations at large, as disting. fr. the Jews ; of pa- recognize or apprehend geometrical quantities or
gan or heathen people. (Gram.) Denoting a race laws; to proceed in accordance with the principles
or country. —
Gen'tilism, -izm, n. Heathenism; pa- of geometry. —
Geoponlc, -ical, a. Pert, to tillage
ganism ; worship of false gods. Gen'tle, -tl, a. — of the earth, or agriculture. —
Geoponlcs, n. sing.
[-TLER, -xlest.] Well-born; of good family or re- Art or science of cultivating the earth. [Gr. ponos,
spectable birth soft and refined in manners not
; ; labor.] —
Geora'ma, -ra/ma or -ra'ma, n. An inven-
rough, harsh, or severe; quiet and docile; soothing. tion for exhibiting, on the inner surface of a hollow
[Same as genteel ; OF. gentil.] —
Gen'tly, -til, adv.— sphere, a view of the geography of the earth's sur-
Gentleness, n. —
Gentility, -til'I-tT, n. Politeness face. [Gr. orama, view.J —
Geos^copy, -ko-pY, n.
of manner; graceful and easy mien; state or quality Knowledge of the earth, ground, or soil, obtained
of being genteel.— Gentlefolk, -fok, -folks, -foks, n. by inspection. [Gr. skopein, to view.] Geor'gic, —
pi. Persons of good breeding and family. Gen'- — "Gr'jik, n. A
rural poem; poetical composition on
tleman, n. ;pl. -men. A
man who is well born, or of
good family one of gentle or refined manners.
£lusbandry. [L. georgicv.m (carmen), agricultural
; (poem), Gr. georgikos, pert, to husbandry, georgia,
Cfler.) One who bears arm6, but has no title, pi. tillage, georgos, farmer, fr. ge and ergein, to work.]
Citizens; people, —
an appellation by which men are — Geor'gic, -gical, a. Relating to rural affairs.
addressed in popular assemblies, irrespective of their Geranium, je-ra'nY-um, n. A
genus of plants having a
condition.-Gen'tleman-like, Gen'tlemanly, a. Pert, beak-like torus or receptacle,— called also crane''s-btll:
to, like, or becoming a gentleman; polite; complai- many of the cultivated pelargoniums are called gera-
sant. —
Gen'tlemanliness, n. GenUe-w<
tle-wom'an, — niums. [L. Gr. geranion, fr. geranos, a crane.]— Gera'-
;

pi. -WOMEN. A woman

of good family or of good niine, -nY-in, Ger'anin, -a-nin, n. (Chem.) A valu-

•on, cube, full ; moon, fotrt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — ; ;

GERM 232 G-IG

able astringent obtained from the root of a species to write, print, or publish. Get'-up, n. General —
of, etc. composition or structure; manner in which parts of
Germ, jSrm, n. (Physiol.) That which is to develop a thing are combined; make-up; style of dress.
an embryo; an ovary; bud. That from which any- Gewgaw, gu'gaw, n. A showy trifle, toy, bauble,
thing springs origin; first principle. [F.germe, L.
; splendid plaything. [ME. giuegoue gifegofe ; gift =
germen, -mini?, a sprout, shoot, bud; s. rt. L. creare, is dat. of gifu, AS. geafe, a gift; a reduplicated form
to create.] —
Ger'man, -main', -mane', -man', a. fr. AS. gifan, to give.]
Nearly related; closely akin; closely allied; appro- Geyser, gi'ser, n. An
eruptive boiling spring, com-
priate; relevant. [OF. germain, L. germanus, fully mon in Iceland. [Ic, fr. geysa, gjosa, to gush, q. v.]
akin, of the same stock, ir. germen.] Cousins ger- — Ghastly, gast'll. a. [-lier, -liest.] Death-like; pale;
tnan. Cousins having the same grandfather.— Ger'- horrible; shocking; dreadful. adv. In a ghastly —
minal, -mt-nal, a. Pert, to a germ. Ger'minant, — manner; hideously. [ME. gastly, AS. gsesthc, terri-
a. Sprouting; sending forth germs or buds.— Ger'- ble, gxstan, Goth, usgaisjan, to terrify. See Aghast.
minate, -nat, v. i. To sprout, bud, shoot, v. t. To — Not fr. ghost, but s. rt.] Ghast'liness, n. —
cause to sprout. [L. germinare, -natum.] Germi- — Ghat, Ghaut, gawt, n. In India, a pass through a
na'tion, n. Act of sprouting; beginning of growth; mountain a range of meuntains a river landing
; ;

time in which seeds vegetate, after being planted. place, with stairs, temple, etc. [Hind, ghat.]
German, jer'man, a. Pert, to Germany. n. ; pi. — Ghee, ge, n. Butter clarified by boiling. [Hind. ghi?A
Germans. A native or inhabitant of Germany; the Gherkin, ger'kin, n. A small species of cucumber
German language; a dance, including a waltz move- used lor pickling. [D. agurkje, orig. agurkken ; Pers.
ment and variable figures; a party at which it is khiyar, a cucumber.]
danced. [L. Germanus, perh. fr. Celt, gairm, a Ghetto, get'to, n. The Jews' quarter in a city, esp. in
shout, i. «., a shouter; pern. fr. L. germanus, neigh- Rome._ [It.]
bor (to the Gauls); perh. fr. G. wehr, F. guerre, war, Ghost, gost, n. The spirit; the soul of man; the soul
i.e., warrior.] —
Hijh German. The Teutonic dia- of a deceased person; an apparition; any faint sem-
lect of Upper or Southern Germany, comprising — blance, —as, the ghost of a chance. [ME. gost, AS.
Old High German, used from the 8th to the 11th cen- gast, G. geist, a spirit, D. geest, Dan. geist, genius, a
tury; Middle H. G., from the 12th to the 15th cen- spirit, Sw. gast, evil spirit, ghost. See Ghastly.] —
tury; and New H. G., the language of Luther's Bi- Holy Ghost. The Holy Spirit; the Paraclete ; the
ble-version and of modern German literature. Low Comforter; (Theol.) the third person in the Trinity.
G. The language of Northern Germany and the —
To give up the g. To die, expire. Ghostly, -It. —
Netherlands, —
including Friesic; Anglo-Saxon or a. Relating to the soul; not carnal or secular; sph>
Saxon; Old Saxon; Dutch or Low Dutch, with its itual pert, to apparitions. ;

dialect, Flemish ; and Piatt deutsch, oalled also Low Ghoul, gool, n. An imaginary being among Eastern na-
German.— German sausage- A polony, or gut stuffed tions, which preys upon human todies. [Per. gholA
with meat partly cooked. —
G. silver. An alloy of Giant, ji'ant, n. A man of extraordinary bulk and
copper, zinc, and nickel. —
G. steel. A metal made stature a person of extraordinary powers, bodily or
— —
;

of bog iron treated with charcoal. G. tinder. See intellectual. a. Like a giant; extraordinary in
—
Amadou- Ger 'monism, -izm, n. An idiom of the size or strength. [OF. geant, L. gigas, gigantis, Gr.
German language. gigas, -antos ; s. rt. Gr. gignomai, 1 am born see :

Germander, jSr-man'd5r, n. A plant formerly much Genus; prob. not fr. ge, the earth.] Gi'antess, n. —
used for medicine and in brewing. [F. germandrie, A
female giant.— Gi'ant-pow'der, n. Dynamite:
L. chamsedrys, Gr. chamaidrus, lit. ground-tree, fr. see Nitro-glycerine. Gi'gante'an, ji'gan-te'an, —
chamai, on the ground, and drus, tree.] Gigan'tic, a. Of extraordinary size mighty.
Gerrymander, ger'rt-man'der, v. i. To divide (a state) Giaour, jowr, n. An infidel, applied by the Turks — ;

into election districts in an unnatural or unfair man- to disbelievers in Mohammed. [Turk. Per. gawr.] ;

ner, to benefit a political party. [Fr. E 1 bridge Gerry, Gib, jib, n. A piece or slip, in a machine or structure,
governor of Massachusetts when this was done.] to hold other parts together, or keep them in place,
Gerund, jer'und, n. (Lat. Gram.) A kind of verbal —
usually held in place by a wedge, key, or screw.
neuter noun, governing cases like a participle. [L. Gibber, gib'bgr, v. i. [-bered (-berd), -bering.] To
gerundium, ir. gerere, gestum, to bear.] Gerundive, — speak rapidly and inarticulately. [Same as gabble,
-iv, n. The future passive participle. Gestation, —
jabber, q. v., or freq. of gibe, q. v.] Gib'berish, n. —
jes-ta'shun, n. The act of carrying young in the Rapid talk; unmeaning wards. — a. Unmeaning.
womb; pregnancy; passive exercise, in which one is Gibbet, jib'bet, n. A kind of gallows, an upright post
carried about. [OF.; L. gestatio, fr. gestare, -tatum, with an arm projecting from the top;
—
to carry, intens. of gerere.]
Pert, to gestation or pregnancy.
to deeds or feats of arms; legendary
bodily motion, —
Ges'tatory, -to-rT, a.
—
Ges'tic, rt. Pert,
relating to
said esp. of dancing. [F. geste, L.
gestits, carri lire, motion, gesture, fr. gerere.]

pressing sentiment or passion, or emphasizing an

argument or assertion. —
v. t. and i.
(-cnurd), -uring.] To gesticulate. [LL. gestura.]
Ges-
the projecting beam of a crane, on which
the pulley is fixed.

—
v. t.

dial, gippa, to jerk: see Jib.]

To hang on
a gibbet; to expose to infamy. [OF.;
;

perh. s. rt. Ir. giobaim, I tug, pull, Sw.

ture, jes'chur, n- A motion of the body or limbs ex- Gibbon, gib'bon, w. A kind of ape remark- ~.. ,
able for its long arms. [F.]
[gestured Gibbous, gib' bus, a. Protuberant; convex; humped.
—
Gibbet.

[F. gibbeux, L gibbosus, hunched, fr. L. gibba, a

—
1 .

Gestlc'ulate, -lat, v. i. To make gestures or motions, hunch, hump, Skr. kubju, humped-back.] Gib'- —
as in speaking. —
v.t. To represent by gesture; to bousness, -bos'ity, -tY, n. Protuberance; convexity.
act. [L. gesticulari, -latum; gesticulus, dim. of gestus, Gibe, jib, v. i. [gibed (jibd), gibing.] To rail; to
gesture.] —
Gestic'ula'tion, n. Act of gesticulating utter taunting, sarcastic words; to flout, fleer, scoff.
a gesture; antic tricks or motions. — Gestic'ula'tor, v. t. —
To deride, scoff at, treat with sarcastic re-
n. One who gesticulates.— Gestic'ula'tory, -to-rl,
-

flections, taunt. n. An expression of censure min- —

a. Represented by, or pert, to, gestures. gled with contempt railing. [Sw. dial, gipa, to ;

Get, get, v. t. [imp. got, obs. gat; p. p. got, obsoles- gape, to talk rashly, Ic. geipa, to talk nonsense, geip,
cent gotten; getting.] To procure, obtain, gain idle talk. See Gibber.]
possession of, acquire, come by, win; to have, pos- Giblets, jib'lets, n. pi. The eatable parts of a fowl
sess,— used only with have and had; to beget, pro- which are removed before cooking, as the heart,
create; to learn, commit to memory; to prevail on, liver, gizzard, etc. [OF. gibelet, old form of F. gibe-
persuade; to procure to be, or to occur, with a fol- —
lotte, stewed rabbit: Ga. giaban, a fowl's gizzard.]
lowing participle to betake carry, —
in a reflexive Giddy, gid'dl, a. [-dier, -diest.] Having in the head
use. — v. i.
;
;

To make acquisition, gain to fall or a sensation of whirling or reeling about

; light- ;

bring one's self into a state or condition to come to headed; dizzy inducing giddiness; bewildering on
; ;

be, become, —
with a following adjective belonging account of rapidity; gyratory; inconstant; unstable-;
to the subject of the verb. [AS. gitan (imp. gset, p. changeable; wild; thoughtless; excited, —v. i. To
p. giten), Ic geta, Goth, gitan, to get, acquire, Gr. turn rapidly, reel. v. t. To make dizzy, render —
chandanein, L. prehendere, to seize s. rt. beget, for- unsteady. [AS. gyddian, to sing, be merry, gyd, a
get, apprehend, comprise, surprise, impregnable, etc.]
;

song, poem; perh. s. rt. gig, j ig.] Gid'dily, -dt-lt, —

—To get ahead. To advance, prosper. —To g. along. adv. Gid'diness, n. —
To proceed, advance. —
To g. home. To arrive at Gift. See under Give.
one's dwelling. —
To g. over. To pass over, sur- Gig, gig, n. A top or whirligig; a light, one-horse car-
mount to recover from. —
To g. through. To pass riage, with one pair of wheels. (Naut.) A ship's
;

through; to finish. —
To g. up. To arise from a bed, wherry, or long, light boat. A playful or wanton
ehair, etc.; to ascend; to make ready, prepare; also, persou a rotatory cylinder, covered with wire teeth,
;

am, fame, far. oass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Ttn, Ice ; Sdd, tdne. 8r
 GIGANTEAN 233 GIVE
for teaseling woolen Gingham, ging'am, n. A cotton cloth, the yarn of
cloth ; a dart or har- which is dyed before weaving. [F. guingan, perh.
Joon; fishgig. [Ic. gigja, fr. Guingamp, a manufacturing town in Brittany;
t. giga, AiHG. gige, G. perh. fr. Jav. ginggang, perishable.]
geige, a fiddle, prob. f r. Ginseng, jin'seng, n. A plant whose root is valued as
the rapid motion; Ic. a medicine among the Chinese. [Prob. Chin, gin-
geiga, to vibrate, trem- seng, first of plants.]
ble. See Jig.] Gip. jip, v. t. To take out the entrails of (herrings).
Gigantean, Gigantic. See' Gipsy. See Gypsy.
under Giant. Giraffe, jT- or zhe-raf, n. An African quadruped,
Giggle, gig'gl, n. A kind whose fore legs are much longer
of laugh, with
short catches of the voice or breath. than the hinder ones; the camelo-
— v. [giggled (-gld),
i. -gling.] To laugh in a pard, — the tallest of animals. [F.;
half suppressed or silly manner; to titter. [ME. Sp. girafa. Ax. zaraf, zarafat.]
gagelen, to make a noise like a goose, a form ol Girandole, jir'an-dol^ n. chande- A
cackle; Ic. gagl, a goose; OD. ghichelen, to giggle; lier. [F.; fr. Sp. girar, L. gyrarc, to
onomat.] —
Gig'gler, n. turn round in a circle, gyrus, Gr.
Gild, gild, v. t. [gilded or gilt; gilding.] To over- guros, circle.] —
Gir'asole, -sol, -sol,
lay or overspread with a thin covering of gold; to n. (Bot.) A
plant; the heliotrope.
cover with a gold-like color; to illuminate, brighten: (Jlin.) A mineral, which, when
to give a fair external appearance to. [AS. gyldan, turned toward the sun orany bright
fr. gold, Goth, gulth, gold; Ic. gylla, for gybla, to light, reflects areddish color. [It.
gild. See Gold.] —
Gild'er. n. Gild'ing, n. Art — girare and L. sol, the sun.]
sole,
or practice of overlaying things with gold leaf or a Gird, ggrd, n. The
stroke of a rod; a
coating of gold; a thin surface of gold covering some severe twitch or pang; a cut, sarcas-
other substance. —
Gilt, ». Gilding. Gilt'-head, n. — tic remark, gibe. v. t.— To strike,
A fish, having a gold-colored space over the eyes. gibe. — v. i. To gibe, sneer, jest
Gill, gil, n. (Physiol.) A fimbriated organ of respira- scornfully, utter sarcasms. [ME.
tion, in fishes and other water animals. The flap be- girden, to strike, pierce, cut, gerde, G.
low the beak of a bird; the flesh on the lower part of switch.] —
Gird'er, n.
the cheeks, or under the chin. [Dan. giselle, Sw. gal, Gird, gSrd, v. t. [girded or girt; girding.] To en-
a gill, Ic. gjolnar, gills, a in, mouth of a beast; s. rt. circle with any flexible band; to make fast, as cloth-
yawn.'] — Gill, Ghyll. gil, n. A woody glen;
ravine; ing, by binding with a cord, bandage, etc.; to sur-
rivulet between high banks. a deep glen,
[Ic. gil, round, encircle, inclose; to dress, invest. [AS. gyr-
with a stream, geil, a ravine; as preceding.]
s. rt. dan, Ic. gyrdha, G. guerten, Goth, bigairdan; s. rt.
Gill. SI, n. A measure of capacity =
l-4th of a pint. Gr. cheir, hand, Skr. har, to seize, L. /tortus, an in-
[ME. gille, OF. gelle, fr. LL. gella, a wine-measure; closure, E. garden, yard, chirograph}/, horticulture,
s. rt. f.jale, a bowl, E. gallon, q. v.] cohort, court, surgeon.] —
Gird'er. x. (Arch.) Amain
Gill, jil, n. Ground-ivy; malt liquor medicated with beam in a wall, floor, etc., to support a structure or
ground-ivy; a young woman; a sportive or wanton weight, or to bind others together. (Engin.) Any
girl. [Short for E. Gillian =
L. Juliana, fern, of simple orcompound beam supported at both ends.
Julius : the ivy was called Gill-creep-by-the-ground.] Girdle, -1, n. That which girds or encircles ; esp. a
Gillie, Gilly, giPTi, n. A
boy; page; menial; in Scot., band encircling the body and binding together the
a gamekeeper, or sportsman's attendant. [Ga. gille, clothing.— v. t. [girdled (-did), -ling.] To bind
Ir. ceile. boy, lad, servant, whence culdee, q. v.] with a belt or sash, gird; to inclose, environ; to make
Gillyflower, iil'lT-floWer, n. A
name for various cru- a circular incision through (the bark and alburnum
ciferous plants, as the stock, clove-pink, etc. [OF. of a tree), to kill it. [AS. gyrdel, Ic. gyrdhill, G.
girofee, LI,, caryophyllum, Gr. karuophullon, lit. guertel, a girdle.] ——
Gird'ler, n. One who girdles;
nut-leaf, fr. karubn, a nut, and phullon, a leaf.] a maker of girdles. Girt, gert, v. t. To gird, sur-
Gilt, etc. See under Gild. round. —Girt, Girth, gerth, n. A
band encircling
Gimbal, gim'bal, n. A combination of rings for sus- the body; esp. one by which a saddle is fastened
pending anything, as a com- upon a horse's back; the measure round the body,
pass, so that it maj' keep a con- as at the waist or belly; the circuinierence of any-
stant position. [Corrupt, of thing. [Same as girdle; Ic. gjordh, Goth, gairda, a
gimmal, fr. OF. gemeau, fem. girdle, Ic. gerdh, girth round the waist.]
gemelle, L. gemellus, -«, a twin, Girl, gerl, n. A
female child, or young woman. [ME.
fr. geminus, double. See Gem- girl, gerl, gurl, used of young persons of either sex,
ini. 1 — Gim'mal, n. Joined —
OLG. gor, a child.] Girl'hood, n. The state or time
work whose parts move within of being a girl. —
Girlish, a. Like or befitting a
each other, as a bridle bit or in- girl; pert, to a woman's youth. Girlfshness, n.—
terlocked rings; a quaint piece of machinery. Gist, jist or jit, n. The main point of a question; point
Gimcrack, jim'Ttrak, n. A
trivial mechanism; a de- on which an action rests; pith of a matter. [OF.
vice; toy. [Prov. E. gim, jim, spruce, smart, and giste, fr. gesir, L..jacere, tojie, ir.jactre, to throw.]
crack, ah arch, lively boy, fr. crack, crake, to boast, Give, giv, v. t. [imp. gave (gav); p. p. given (giv'n);
Ga. cracaire, a talker.] giving.] To bestow without receiving a return: to
Gimlet, gim'let, n. A
small instrument for boring impart (a possession); to grant (authoitfy or permis-
holes by turning it with the hand. [OF. gimbelet, sion); to yield possession of, pay; to communicate
guimbelet, guibelet, fr. MHG.; s. rt. wind.] or announce (tidings); to render or utter (an opin-
Gimmal. See under Gimbal. ion, judgment, sentence, shout, etc.); to permit, al-
Gimp, gimp, n. A kind of silk, woolen, or cotton low, license to exhibit as a product or result, pro-
twist or edging, for trimming dresses, etc. [F.
;

duce; to devote, apply. —

v.i. To yield to force or
guimpe. orig. a nun's wimple, OHG. wimpal. See pressure; to move, recede. [AS. a ifan, Ic. gefa, Dan.
\VlMPLE.] give, D. geven, G. geben.] —
To give chase. To pur-
Gin. jin. n. An alcoholic liquor. [Contr. fr. geneva, sue. — Tog. ear. To listen. —
To g. in. To allow by
q. v.] wa3r of deduction from a claim; to declare, make
Gin, jin, n. A
machine by which mechanical powers known. — To g. one's self up. To despair of one's re-
are employed in aid of human strength esp. a ma- : covery; to resign or devote. —
To g. over. To yield
chine for raising weights, also for separating the completely, quit, abandon.— To. g. place. To with-
seeds from cotton a snare; trap.; v. t. [ginned — draw. — To g. way. To withdraw, give place; to
(jind), -ning.J To clear of seeds by a machine; to yield to force or pressure. (Xaut.) To begin to row;
catch in a trap. [Contr. fr. engine, q. v.] or to row with increased energy. To g. in to. To —
Ginger, jin'jgr, n. A
plant of the E. and W. Indies, yield assent, adopt to acknowledge inferiority,
whose hot and spicy root is used in cookery and yield. — ;

To g. on or ujion. To have a view of, be in

medicine. [AS. gingiber, gingifer, OF. gengibre, L. sight of, overlook, look toward. To g. out. To ex- —
zingiber, Gr. zinggiberis, Skr. cringavera, fr. cringa, pend all one's strength to cease from exertion,
a horn.] —
Gin'gerbread, n. Sweet cake flavored yield. — To g. over.
;

To cease, desist. — To g. up.

with ginger. —
Gingerbread work. Work cut or To cease from effort, yield. —
Giv'er, n. — Gift, n.
carved in fanciful shape Anything given or bestowed some quality or en- ;

Gingerly. jin'jer-lY. adv. Nicely ; cautiously; dain- dowment given to man by God. (Law.) A volun-
tily. [Sw. dial, gingla, gangla, to go gently, totter, tary transfer of real or personal property, without
freq. fr. gang, a going.] any consideration. Present; donation; grant; bene-
sun, ciibe, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, tiien; boNboN, chair, get
 GIZZARD 234 GLEAN
faction; boon; gratuity; talent; faculty, v. t. To — cellular spot or prominence which secretes oil or aro-
endow with some power or faculty. [AS., Ic, D., ma; any very small prominence. (Steam Mach.) The
and G., a gift, Dan. gifte, to give ay-ay in marriage.] cover of a stuffing-box. (Mach.) cross-piece or A
Gizzard, giz'zerd. n. An enlarged part of the ali- clutch for engaging machinery moved by belts.
mentary canal in birds, having strong muscular [OF., an acorn, glaude, a gland, L. glans, glandis,
walls. [OF. gezier, fr. L. gigerium, the cooked en- Gr. balanos, acorn, fr. ballet n, to cast, shed, Skr. gal,
trails of poultry.] —
To fret the gizzard. To worry. to fall, drop.] —
Glans, n. (Anat.) The vascular bodv
Glabrous, gla'brus, a. Smooth ; having a surface forming the apex of the penis. (Med.) An enlarge-
without hairs or unevenness. [L. glaber; s. rt. glu- ment of the thyroid gland, bronchocele, goiter a
bere, to peel, gluma, a husk, Gr. glaphuros, hollowed, pessary. [L.] —
Gland'ular, -ulous,-lus, a. Contain-
;

smoothed, fr. glaphein, to carve, hew, graphein, to ing, consisting of, or like glands. Glandiferous, —
grave, q. v.] —
Gla'brate, -brat, a. (Bot.) Becom- -us, a. Bearing acorns or other nuts. fL.ferre, to
ing smooth from age. bear.] — Gland 'iform, a. Shaped like a gland or nut.
Glacial, gla'shal. a. Pert, to ice or its action icy ; ; [L. forma, form.] —
Glind'ers, n. (Far.) highly A
esp. pertaining to glaciers. (Chem.) Having a contagious disease of the mucous membrane in
glassy appearance, as crystals. [F. L. glacialis, fr. horses. — Gland'ule, -ul, n. A
small gland or secre-
—
;

glades, ice, gelu, cold. See Gelatine.] Glacial ting vessel. [F. L. glandula.]
;

acid. (Chem.) An acid so strong as to crystallize at Glare, glar, n. A

bright, dazzling light; a fierce, pier-
an ordinary temperature. Gla'cia'tion, -sM-a''- — cing look. —
v. i. [glared (glard), glaring.] To
shun, n. Act of freezing; that formed by freezing; shine with a clear, bright, dazzling light to look
ice process of becoming covered with glaciers.
;
— with fierce, piercing eyes; to be ostentatiously
:

Glacier, gla'ser or glas'I-er, n. mass of ice, or A splendid. —

v. t. To shoot out, or emit (light). —a.
snow and ice, formed in the region of perpetual Polished so as to reflect light brightlv smooth ; ;

snow, and moving slowly down mountain slopes or slippery glib. [AS. glser, a pellucid substance,
valleys. [F. ; f r. glace, ice.] —
Glacis, gla'sis or gla-
;

amber, D. gloren, to glimmer, Ic. glora, to gleam,

ses r n. , An easy, insensible slope ; esp. (Fort.), an MHG. glosen, to glow. See Glance, Glass.] —
earthen parapet to the covered way. [F., orig. a slip- Glar'ing, p. a. Clear notorious open and bold.
; ;

pery place, fr. glacer, to freeze, cover with ice.] Glareous. See under Glair.
Glad, glad, a. [gladder; -dest.] Well contented; joy- Glass, glas, n. A
hard, brittle, transparent substance,
ous; pleased wearing a gay or bright appearance ex-
; ; formed by fusing silica with fixed alkalies, etc.; any-
pressing or exciting joy; cheering; animating. v. t. — thing made of glass,— esp. a looking-glass; mirror;" a
To make glad, affect with pleasure, cheer, gladden. glass filled with running sand for measuring time, or
[AS. glsed, Ic. glad fir, shining, bright, glad, D. glad, the time in which a glass is exhausted of its sand a ;

bright, smooth. OD. glad, glowing, Dan. and Sw. drinking-glass; tumbler ; an optical glass; lens; spy-
glad, joyous, G. glatt. smooth, even.] Glad'den, — glass ; — in pi. spectacles. barometer. A
v. t. —
-dn, v. t. [-dened (-dnd), -dening.] To make glad, [glassed (glast), glassing.] To see, as in a glass
cheer, please, exhilarate. v. i. To be or become — reflect, as in a mirror ; to cover with glass glaze.
;

glad. —
Gladly, -IT, adv. Glad'ness, n. — Glad'-— [ME., D., Dan., Sw., and G. glas, AS. glees, Ic. gler,
;

some, -sum, a. Pleased; joyful; causing joy ; pleas- glas, OHG. clas ; s. rt. Skr. ghri, to shine, E. glow,
ing. — Glad'somely, adv. glance, etc.] —
Glass'y, -X, a. Made of glass ; vitre-
Glade, glad, n. An open passage through, or grassy ous; like glass; smooth.— Glass'iness, n.— Glass'ful,
opening in, a wood. [Ic. gladhr, bright, shining, -ful, n. pi. -fuls, -fulz. Contents of, etc. Glass'- —
Norweg. glette, a clear spot among clouds, gletta, to blow'er, n. One whose business is to blow and fash-
peep, Ic. glita, to shine s. rt. glad, glitter, glow.]
;

Gladiate, glad'I-at, a. (Bot.) Sword-shaped, as the

ion glass. —
crab, n.
that, when in water, only its eyes are seen.
A
kind of crab so transparent
fur'- —
leaf or legume of a plant. [L. gladius, A
a sword, for cladius, fr. claaes, slaugh-
ter, Skr. cri, to hurt, wound; OF.
—
nace, n.
glass.
made
furnace for melting the materials of
house, n.
of glass.
A
— manufactory of glass ; house
man, n. pi. -men. One who sells
;
glaive, It. ctaidheamh, a sword: see glass. — -snake, n. A lacertian reptile of the south-
—
Claymore.] Glad'ia'tor, -ter, n. A so fragile that, when struck, its tail breaks
sword-player; prize-fighter; esp. in an-
cient Rome, one who fought publicly
ern U. S.,
into pieces, —
work, n. Manufacture of glass, pi.
Place where glass is made ; glass-house. Glass '- —
in the arena. [L.] —
Glad'iato'rial, wort, n. A
plant whose ashes yield soda, used in
-r'f-al, -rian, Gladlatory, -to-ri, a. glass-making. —
Glaze, v. t. [glazed (glazd), glaz-
Pert, to gladiators, or to Roman public ing.] To furnish with glass, as a window; to cover
games. —
Gladi'olus, -o-lus, n. flow- A or overlay with a vitreous or shining substance ; to
ering plant of many species having vitrify the surface of to render smooth or glossy. —
bulbous roots and gladiate leaves. [L., v. i. To assume a glassy luster.
;

n. The vitreous —
dim. of gladius.] —
Glave, Glaive, glav, coating of pottery or porcelain ; glazing. (Cookery.)
re. A broadsword; falchion; a curved Broth boiled down to a gelatinous paste, to put
cutting weapon on the end of a pole, on braised dishes. —
Glaz'er, n. workman who A
for the repulse of cavalry by infantry. glazes pottery, etc. ; a calenderer or smoother of
[OF. glaive.] cloth, paper, etc. ; a wooden wheel covered with
Glair, glar, n. The white of an egg ; any emery or with an alloy-ring of lead and tin, for pol-
viscous, transparent substance. v. t. — ishing cutlery, etc. — Gla'zier, -zhgr, n. One whose
[glaired (glard), glairing.] To business is to set glass. —
Glaz'ing, n. Act or art of
smear -with, etc. [OF., for claire, It. setting glass, or of crusting with a vitreous sub-
chiara d'un ovo, Sp. claraclo de huero. stance, or of polishing, smoothing, or rendering
LL. clara ovi, white of egg, fr. L. clar- glossy; glass or glass-like substance with which any
us, clear, bright ; s. rt. clear, not s. rt. surface is incrusted or overlaid. (Paint.) Trans-
glare.] —
Glair'y, -T, Glar'eous, glar'e- parent, or semi-transparent, colors passed thinly
us, a. Like glair. Gladiate over other colors, to modify the effect.
eUamour, gla'moor or glam'Sr, n. Witch- Leaves, Glauber's-salt, glaw'berz-sawlt, n. Sulphate of soda,
ery, or a charm on the eyes, making them see things a cathartic. [Ft. the discoverer.]
falsely. [Scot.] Glaucous, glaw'kus, a. Of a sea-green color. (Bot.)
Glance, glans, n. A
sudden shoot of light; sudden dart- Covered with a fine bloom or white powder easily
ing of the sight ; brief turning of the attention to a rubbed off, as that on a plum or cabbage-leaf. [L.
thing. (M,n.) Any mineral having a metallic or glaucus, Gr. glaukos, silvery, bluish, whence glaus-
semi-metallic luster. v. i. —
[glanced (glanst), sein, to shine.] —
Glauces'cent, -ses'sent, Glau'cine,
glancing.] To dart a ray of light to fly off ob- ; -sin, a. Having sometliing of a bluish-hoary appear-
liquely from an object struck to snatch a momen- ; ance. — Glauco'ma, -ma, n. A
disease of the eye,
tary or hasty view; to make an incidental or passing giving it a bluish or greenish tinge.
reflection, allude; to be visible only for an instant at Glave. See under Gladiate.
a time; to twinkle.— v. t. To shoot or dart suddenly Glaze, etc. See under Glass.
or obliquely. [Sw. and D. glans, G. glanz, luster, Gleam, glem, n. A
shoot of light; beam; ray; bright-
splendor, Sw. glansa, to shine; Ic. glit, a glitter, Sw. ness; splendor, —v. i. [gleamed (glemd), gleam-
dial, glinta, to glitter ; s. rt. glint, glitter, glisten, ing.] To shoot, or dart (light) ; to shine, cast lights
glass, glow.] to glimmer, glitter. [AS. glsem, OS. glimo, bright-
Gland, gland, re. (Anat.) A
simple or complex organ ness, OHG. glimo, a glow-worm ; s. rt. glow?] —
for secreting, absorbing, or changing some peculiar Gleam 'y, -X, a. Darting beams of light; flashing.
substance from the blood or animal fluids. (Bot.) A Glean, glen, v. t. or i. [gleaned (glend), gleaning.}

toi. fame. far. Diss or oj)era, fare : Snd, eve, tSrm ; Xn, Ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r s
 GLEBE 235 GLUE
To gather (stalks or ears of grain left by the reap- of sorrow dullness
; dejection sadness. v. i ; ;
—
ers); to gatherhere and there; to collect with patient [gloomed (gloomd), glooming.) To shine obscure-
and minute labor. [OF. glener, glaner, LL. glenare, ly, glimmer to appear dark, dismal, or gloomy.
;
—
fr. glena. a handful.] Glean'er, n. — v. t. To render gloomy, make sad, dismal, or sul-
Glebe, gleb, n. Turf soil ground. {Eccl. Law.)
; ;
len. [AS. glom, gloom, twilight, glomung, gloaming;
Land Delonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical Sw. glamig, wan, languid, Sw. dial, glumug, staring,
benefice. [F. glebe, L. gleba, clod, soil; s. rt. globe.'] woeful, wan, fr. glo, to glow, stare; Prov. G. glmnm,
— Gleb'y, -*, a. Pert, to the glebe turfy cloddy. ; ; gloomy, troubled s. rt. glow, gleam, glum.]
;
—
Glede, gled, n. The common kite of Europe, a rapa- Gloom'y, -t, a. [gloomier, -iest.] Imperfectly il-
cious bird. [AS. glida; s. rt. glidan, to glide.] luminated dim dismal affected with, or express-
; ; ;

Glee, gle, n. Joy merriment esp. mirth at a feast. ing gloom; heavy of heart; moody; sullen morose. ;

(Mus.) A
;

composition for 3 or more voices, gen-

;

— Gloom'ily, -T-lT, adv. Gloominess, n. —

erally of a light and secular character. [AS. gleow, Glory, glo'rt, n. Praise, honor, etc., accorded by com-
gleo, glig. mirth, music, Ic. gly, glee, Sw. dial, gly, mon consent; reputation; fame; an object of pride
mockery, Gr. chleue, Russ. glum, a jest, joke.]— Glee'- or boast; occasion of praise; pride; boastfulness; the
ful, -ful, a- Merry; gay; joyous. presence of the divine Being; celestial honor; heaven.
Gleet, glet, n. (3Ied.) A
transparent mucous dis- {Paint.) A
halo around the head or entire person.
charge from the membrane of the urethra, common- — v. i. [gloried (-rid), -rying.] To exult with joy,
ly an effect of gonorrhea, —v. i. To flow in a thin, rejoice; to boast, be proud of. [ME. and OF. glorie,
limpid humor to flow slowly, as water. [Cf. Ic. F. gloire, L. gloria, prob. for cloria, Gr. kleos, Skr.
—
;

glata, to close, AS. glidan, to glide.] Gleet'y, -I, a. qravas, Russ. slava, glory; L. cluere, Gr. kluein, Skr.
Ichorous; thin; limpid. cru, Russ. slumate, to hear; s. rt. loud, Slavonic.) —
Glen, glen, n. A
secluded and narrow valley a dale. ; Glo'rious, -rY-us, «. Exhibiting attributes, qualities,
[Ga. and Ir. gleann, W. and Corn, glyn.] or acts worthy of glory; noble; illustrious; magnifi-
Glenoid, gle'noid, w. {Anat.) Socket-like applied to — cent; splendid; eager for distinction. Glo'riously, —
any shallow cavity which receives the end of a bone. -It, adv.— Glo'rify, -rf-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.]
[Gr. glene, socket, and eidos, form.] To make glorious by bestowing glory upon; to ren-
Glib, glib, a. [glibber, -best.] Smooth slippery ; ; der worthy of praise to render homage to, worship, ;

voluble; easily moving; fluent : flippant. [D. glib- adore. [L. facere, to make.] Glo'rifica'tion, n. Act —
berig, slippery, glibberen, to slide, glippen, to slip of, or state of being, etc.
away, glijden, to glide, glad, smooth. See Glide.] Gloss, glos, n. Brightness or luster from a smooth
— Glib'ly, adv. —
Glib'ness, n. surface; polish; a specious appearance, representa-
Glide, glid, v. i. To move gently or smoothly; to pass tion, and interpretation, — v. t. [glossed (glost),
rapidly and easily, as over a smooth surface. [AS. glossing.] To make smooth and shining, render
glidan, D. glijden, Dan. glide, G. gleiten ; s. rt. glad,
— specious and plausible. v. i. To make sly remarks. —
qleam, glow, glib, glimmer, glance, etc.] Glid'er, n. [Ic. glossi, a blaze, glys, finery, MHG. glosen, to
Glim, glim, n. A
light or candle. [Same as gleam;
— glow, glose,a glow, gleam, Ic. and Sw. dial, gloa, to
Prov. G. glimm, a spark, Sw. dial, glim, a glance.] glow, q. v.] —
Gloss'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.] Smooth
Douse the glim. Put out the light. Glim'mer, v. i. — and shining; specious; plausible. Glossiness, n. —
[-jiered (-merd), -mering.] To give feeble or scat- Gloss, glos, n. Comment; explanation; interpretation
tered rays of light, shine faintly, gleam, glitter, n. — or exposition of a passage, book, etc. v. t. To il- —
A faint light; feeble, scattered rays of light. [Dan. lustrate, explain.— v. i. To comment, make ex-
and G., glimmer, also mica, Dan. glimre, G. glim- planatory remarks. [ME. and OF. glose, F. glosse,
mern, to glimmer, Dan. glimme, D. and G. glimmen, L. glossa, a difficult word requiring explanation,
to shine.] —
Glimpse, glimps, n. sudden flash; A Gr. glossa, glotta, the tongue, a tongue, language,
short, hurried view. v. i. —
To appear by glimpses. difficult word.] —
Glossier, n. A writer of glosses;
— v. t. To catch a glimpse of, see by glimpses. commentator. — Glossa'rial, rl-al, a. Containing
Glint, glint, n. A
glimpse; glance; gleam, —v. i. To explanation. —
Gloss'arist, n. A writer of glosses
glance; peep forth. [Same as glance.] or of a glossary. —
Gloss'ary, -rl, n. vocabulary A
Glioma, gli-o'ma, n. (Pathol.) tumor of the brain, A of words requiring elucidation. [L. glossarium.] —
spinal cord, or retina, developed from neuroglia, Glossog'raphy, -f i, n. The writing of glossaries or
the connective tissue of the parts. [Gr. glia, glue.] glosses. [Gr. graphein, to write.] — Glossog'rapher,
Glisten, glis'n, v. i. [-tened (-nd), -tenixg.] To n. Writer of, etc. — Glossology, -jt, Glottorogy,
sparkle or shine; esp., to shine with a subdued and n. Definition and explanation of terms science
fitful luster. [OD. glisteren s. rt. glitter.] Glis'- ;
— of language comparative philology linguistics.
; ;
;

ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To be bright, [Gr. logos, discourse.]— Glossol'ogist, a. One who
sparkle, shine, glisten. defines and explains terms.
Glitter, glit'ter, v. i. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] To Glottis, glot'tis, n. (Anat.) The narrow opening at
sparkle with light to be showy, specious, or strik- the upper part of the larynx, between the vocal
—
;

ing to gleam, shine, glare.

; n. bright, spark- A cords. [Gr., fr. glotta, Attic form of glossa, the
ling light; brilliancy; luster. [Ic. glitra, Sw. glittra, tongue.] —
Glot'tal, a. Pert, to, etc.
AS. ghtiman, to glitter, Sw. glitter, Ic. glit, glitter, ». ; Glove, gluv, n. A
cover for the hand, with a separate
gleam, glow, glint, etc.]
rt. sheath for each finger. v. t. [gloved (gluvd), —
Gloaming, glom'ing; tt. Twilight; dusk. [See Gloom.] gloving.] To cover with, or as with, a glove. [AS.
Gloat, glot, v. i. To look steadfastly, gaze with ma- glov, Ic. glofi; perh. s. rt. Goth, lofa, Ic. lofi, palm
lignant satisfaction, or passionate desire. [Ic. glotta, of the hand, Ga. lamh, the hand, whence lamhainn,
to grin, Sw. dial, glotta, to peep, Sw. glo, Dan. gloe, glove.] —
Glov'er, n. One who makes or sells, etc.
to glow,_ stare. See Glow.] Glow, glo, v. i. [glowed (glod), glowing.] To shine
Globe, glob, n. A round or spherical body ball ; with an intense or white heat; to be bright or red
sphere; orb; anything nearly spherical in shape: the with animation, blushes, etc. to feel hot, as the
earth a sphere on which is a map of the earth or
; skin; to feel the heat of passion. n. Shining heat,
;

—
the heavens. [OF.; L. globus; s. rt. L. glomus, a, or white heat; incandescence brightness of color;
ball, clew, and gleba, a globe.] Glo'bate, -bated, — redness intense excitement or earnestness. [AS.
;
;

a. Globe-shaped; spherical; spheroidal. —Globose ', 1

glowan, Ic. gloa, Sw. glo, G. gluehen, Skr. ghri, to
-bos ', Glo'bous, -bus, Glob'ular, a. Round
1
spher- glow; Skr. gharma, warmth; s. rt. glad, glade, glass,
ical, or nearly so. —
Globosity, -bOs'T-tY, n. Qual-
;

glare, gloat, gloom, glum, glib, glide, gleam, glimpse,

ity of being round sphericity. —Globe '-fish, n. A
; glitter, etc.]— Glow'-worm, n. coleopterous in- A
fish which, by inflating an ab- sect: the female, which is wingless, emits, at night,
dominal sac, can swell out a green light from the extremity of the abdomen.
its body to a globular shape. Gloze, gloz, v. [glozed
(gl5zd), glozing.]
i. To
— Glob'ule, -01, n. little A flatter, wheedle, misinterpret. v. t. To smooth —
globe; a small particle of over, palliate or extenuate, n. Flattery; adula- —
spherical form. [L. globulus, tion. [Same as gloss, comment.]
dim. of_globus.] — Glom'er- Glucose, glu'kos, n. A
soft, cheap sugar, made from
ate, -er-at, v. t. To gather or starch, etc v by aid of sulphuric acid, etc.; found
wind into a ball. [L. glome- also in fruits, honey, and urine of diabetes; grape
rare, -atum, fr. glomus .] — Globe-fish.
sugar starch sugar diabetic sugar. [Gr. gluteus,
; ;

Glomera'tion, n. Act of gathering or forming into sweet.] —

Glucosu'ria, -rT-a, n. disease of the kid- A
a spherical body; thing formed into a ball. neys with glucose in the urine; diabetes. [Gr. ouron,
Gloom, gloom, n. Partial or total darkness dimness ; ; unne.]
obscurity ; cloudiness or heaviness of mind ; aspect Glue, glu, n. A hard, brittle gelatine, obtained by
stin, cObe, full ; moon, fcJOt ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get
 ; ; —

G-LUM 236 GOD

boiling the skins, hoofs, etc., of animals : when Christianity. —
a. Pert, to the Gnostics or their
heated with water, it becomes viscid and tenacious, doctrines. [Gr. gnostikos, good at knowing, Ir gnos-
and is used as a eement. v. t. [glued (glad), glu-— tos =
gnotos, known.] Gnosticism, -tl-sizm, re. —
ing.] To join with glue; to hold together, unite. Doctrines of the Gnostics.
[OF. glu, LL. gins, glutis, L. gluten, glue, glutus, Gnu, nu, re. A
S. African antelope, having a horse's
tenacious; perh. s. rt. clew, cleave.'] Glu'ey, -X, a. — neck, body, and tail,
Viscous; glutinous. —
Glu'ten, re. (Cfiem.) The and single, recurved
viscid, tenacious substance which gives adhesive- horns. [Hottentot.]
ness to dough. [L.] —
Glu'tinous, -nus, a. Like Go, go, v. %. [imp. went;
Elue viscousj tenacious.
; Glu'tinousness, re. — — p. p. GONE GOING.] ;

lu'tinate, -nat, v. t. To unite with glue. [L. glu- To pass from one
tinare, -natum.] —
Glutina'tion, re. Glu'tinative, — place to another to
-tiv, a. Glutinous. proceed, advance,
;

—
61am, glum, a. Sullen moody silent. ; ; employed in the most
[Prov. G. glumm. See Gloom.] various applications
Glume, glum, re. (Bot.) A bract, scale, or of the movement of
husk, covering the flower or seed of grain animate and inani-
or grasses. [F.; L. gluma, a husk, hull, fr. mate beings, and of Gnu.
gluoere, to peel; perh. s. rt. cleave, to split.] movements of the
Glut, v. t. To swallow greedily, gorge to ; mind; walk; to pass, circulate; to be with young,
to
satiate, sate.— re. Thing swallowed down be pregnant, gestate; to pass away, leave, depart;
full supply supply beyond sufficiency
; to be lost or ruined, perish, die. v. t. To take (a —
or to loathing; a large wooden wedge share in an enterprise) to bear a part in. n. A ; —
used in splitting blocks. [L. glutire, to Glume, circumstance or occurrence; fashion or mode; noisy
swallow, gulp, gula, throat, Skr. gri, to devour; s. merriment. [AS. gan, contr. fr. gangan. D. gaan,
rt. deglutition, gullet, gules, prob. glycerine, liquor- Ic. ganga, Dan. gaae, Sw. ga,G. gangen. See Gang.
ice.']— Glut'ton, Went is fr. wend, q. v.]— Go to. Come; move: be-
-tn, n. One who gin, — an obs. phrase of exhortation, serious or
eats voraciously; scornful. —
lb go it. To behave in a wild manner,
a gormandizer; be uproarious, carry on; to proceed, make progress.
one eager to ex- — To go back on. To abandon, turn against, expose,
cess. {Zobl.) A retrace. —Go'er, re —Goring, re. Act of moving;
carnivorous
mammal;
wolverine. [OF.
the
departure pregnancy
; course of life.
tween', re. An interposer; broker.
escape by artifice a thrusting away. ;
Go'-be-
;

by, n. Evasion;
cart, re.
——— A
gloton, L. gluto, Glutton. rolling support for children learning to walk
f r. glutire.] —
Glut'tonous. -tn-us. a. Pert, to a Goad, god, re. A
pointed instrument to urge on a
glutton or to gluttony given to excessive eating.
;
— beast; anything that stimulates. v. t. To prick, —
Glut 'tony, -t, n. Act or practice of a glutton; ex- drive with a goad, arouse, instigate. [See Gad.]
cess in euting; voracity. Goal, gol, re. The point set to bound a race; mark;
Gluten, Glutinate, etc. See under Glue. end or final purpose. [F. gaule, OF. waule, a goal,
Glycerine, glis'er-in, n. (Chem.) A sweet viscid OFriesic walu, Goth, walus, Ic. voir, a staff, fr. its
liquid, formed from fatty substanees, and consist- roundness, Goth, walwjan, L. volvere, to roll.]
ing of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. [F. fr. Gr. Goat, got, re. A mammiferous quadruped, having
glukeros =
gluteus, sweet, perh. s. rt. L. glutire, to
:

cloven huots, and chewing the cud, allied to the —

swallow. See Glut.] sheep. [AS. gat, Ie. and
Glyph, glif, n. {Arch.) A sunken channel, usually D. geit, Dan. ged, Sw.
vertical. [Gr. gluphe ; gluphein, to hollow out, en- get, G. geiss, Gcth.
grave s. rt. Gr. glaphein, to hew, graphein, to gaitsa, L. hsedus.] —
i

grave, q. v.] —
Glyphography, glT-fog'ra-ft, n. A Goatish, a. Like a
process of relief line engraving by voltaic electricity. f;oat,esp in smell or in
[Gr. graphe. drawing.] —
Glyp'tic, -tics, n. Art of ustf ulness. Goatee', —
engraving figures on precious stones. [Gr. gluptikos, n. Part of the beard left
carving.] — Glyptography, -i'T, n. Art, process, or depending from the
chin, resembling a
description of, etc.
Gnarl, narl, v. i. [gnarled (narld), gnaeltng.] To
growl, murmur, snarl. [AS. gnyrian, D. knorren,
goat's.
who tends
—
herd, re. One
goats. —
D. knurre, G. knurren, to growl, snarl; s. rt. gnash.] -suck'er, re. (Ornitfi.) A Goat's Head,
Gnarl, narl, n. A knot in wood. [OD. knor, Ic. gnerr, a nocturnal insectivorous
knot, Sw. knorla, curl, G. knorren, lump.]— Gnarled, bird of the family to which the whippoorwill and
narld, Gnarl 'y, -T, a. Knotty; full of knots. night hawk belong, —
vulgarly supposed to suck
Gnash, nash, v. t. [gnashed (nasht), gnashing.] To goats.
strike together, as in anger or pain. v. i. To grind — Gob, gob, re. A small quantity; mouthful; the mouth;
or strike together the teeth. [Sw. knastra, to crush spittle or saliva. [OF., a gulp, Ga. and Ir., the
between the teeth, Ic. gnista, D. knarsen, G. knir- mouth.] — Gob'ble, v. t. [-bled (-bid), -bling.] To
schen, to gnash; s. rt. crack, crash.] swallow hastily, eat down voraciously.— v. i. To
Gnat, nat, n. A
small dipterous insect, some species — make a noise like a turkey-cock. [OF. gober, to feed
blood-suckers, others injurious to vegetation. [AS. greedily, fr. gob.] —
Gob'bler, re. A greedy eater;
gnset, perh. f r. the whirring of its wings, Ic. gnata, gormandizer; a turkey-cock.
to clash, gnat, the clash of weapons.] Goblet, goblet, ».. A drinking vessel without a
Gnaw, naw, v. [gnawed (nawd), gnawing.] To
t. handle. [F. gobelet, dim. of OF. gobel, LL. cupellus,
bite off little by little; to wear away by scraping cup, dim. of L. cupa, cask, vat. See Cup, Coop.]
with the teeth; to corrode, fret away. — v. i. To use Goblin, goblin, n. An evil spirit frightful phan- ;

the teeth in biting; to bite repeatedly. [AS. gnagan, tom; gnome; elf. [OF. gobelin, LL. gobelinus, coba-
OIc. and Sw. gnaga, Ic. naga, G. nagen, to gnaw; s. Ivs, Gr. kobalos.]
rt. E. nag, to worry.] Gnaw'er, re.— Goby, go'bi, re. A spiny-finned
having the ven- fish,
Gneiss, nis, re. (Geol.) A
schistose rock, consisting tral fins on the breast capable of forming a funnel-
of quartz, feldspar, and mica or hornblende. [G.] shaped sucker. [F. gobie, L. gobius, Gr. kobios.]
— Gneis'soid, -soid, a. Having characteristics of God, god, re. An object of worship; a divinity; deity;
gneiss. the Supreme Being; Jehovah. [AS. and D.; Ic.
Gnome, nom, n. An imaginary being, supposed to gudh, Dan. and Sw. gud, Goth, guth, G. gott ; not s.
inhabit the inner parts of the earth, and guard rt. good.] — Godly, -IT, a. Reverencing God, His
mines, quarries, etc. a dwarf; goblin. [F., prob.
; laws, etc. pious; righteous conformed to God's
:

—
;

fr. Gr. gnome, intelligence, fr. gnonai, to know.] laws. — God'like, a. Godless, a. Having, or ac-
Gnomon, no'mon, n. (Dialing.) The style or pin of knowledging, no God: ungodl3 wicked. — God'- r

—
;

a sun-dial, whose shadow shows the hour of day;
the index of the hour-circle of a globe. [L. and Gr.,
an interpreter, fr. gnonai, to know.] Gnos'tic, n.
CEccl. Hist.) One of a sect in the first ages of
Christianity, whose system combined oriental the-
ology and Greek philosophy with the doctrines of
dess, 71. A female deity. God'child, re. One for
whom a person becomes sponsor at baptism. —
— -daughter, -daw-tSr, re. girl for whom, etc. A
God'father, re. A man.who becomes sponsor.— God'-
head, re. Deity; divinity; divine nature or essence;
a god or goddess; the Deity; God; the Supreme Be-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; Tn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 GODWIT
ing. [AS. ha\ office, dignity.]
woman who becomes sponsor. God'send, n. Some-
thing sent by God; an unexpected acquisition or
piece ot good fortune. —
God'ship, n. Deity; divin-
ity; a god or goddess. —
God'son, n. One for whom
another has been sponsor. —
God'speed, n. Success;
—
prosperous journeying, contr. of " I wish that God
may st>eed you." ["Written also as 2 separate words.]
— God'ward, adv. Toward God Good'-by, -bye,
good-bi', n. or interj. Farewell, a form of address
237 GORDIAN
— God 'mother, n. A fr. gunt, gund, battle, audfano, vano, standard, ban'
— ner.]
Gong, gong, n. A
circular instrument of copper and
tin, producing, when struck, a loud, harsh sound;
a stationary call-bell. [Malay agong, gong.]
Goniometer, go-nY-om'e-tgr, n. An instrument for
measuring angles, e^>. angles of crystals, or inclina-
tion of planes. [Gr. gonia, angle, and metron, meas-
— ure.]— Go'niomet'rie, -rical, a. Pert, to, or deter-
— .

mined by means of a goniometer. Goniom'etry, —

—
,

at parting. [Contr. of God be with you.] Gos'pel, -trT, n. Art of measuring soMd angles.
n. Glad tidings, esp. concerning Christ and his sal- Gonorrhea, gon-or-re'a, n. (Med.) contagious in- A
vation; one of the historical narratives of Christ's flammatory discharge from the membrane of the
life; a system of religious truth or doctrine. [AS. fr. gone, semen, and
genital organs. [Gr. gouorrhma,
gods/.ell; spell, story, his-tory; Ic. gudhspjall, OHG. rhein, to flow.]
gotsnel, God-story.] —
Gos'peler, n. An evangelist; Good, g<56d, a. [better; best.] Possessing desirable
a follower of Wyckliffe; a priest who reads the gos- qualities; wholesome; adapted to the end designed;
pel at the altar during the communion service. — fiossessing moral excellence or virtue; kind; benevo-
Gob 'sip, n. Orig. a sponsor; a comrade; an idle tat- ent; suited; clever; skillful, —
followed esp. by at
tler; tattle; rumor.— v. i. To prate, tattle. [ME. god- adequate; sufficient, —
in a commercial sense, hav-
sib, gossib, lit. God-relative; AS. sib, peace, relative.] ing pecuniary ability; considerable; full complete ; ;

Godwit. god'wit, n. A wading game-bird of several fair; honorable. —

n. That which possesses desirable
species, having long legs, and a long, flexible bill. qualities, promotes success or happiness, is service-
[AS. god wiht (-wight), good creature.] able, fit, excellent, etc.: welfare; prosperity; benefit.
Goffer, goffer, v. t. [-fered (-ferd), -fering.] To pi. Wares, commodities, chattels. adv. Well ; —
plait or flute, as lace, etc. [See Gauffer.] equally well; to a good degree; quite: considerably.
Goggle, gog'gl, v. i. [-OLED (-gld), -gliiVG.] To strain [AS., Dan. ? and Sw. god, G. gut.] — As good as. Not
or roll the eyes. —
a. Full and rolling or staring, less than; in effect; virtually. Ax g. as one's word.—
— said of the eyes. n. —
A strained or affected roll- Performing to the extent promised.— To make g. To
ing of the eye. pi. A kind of spectacles. [Ir. and fulfill, maintain, supply a deficiency, indemnify. —
Ga. gog, a nod, also to move slightly, gogshuileach, To think g. To regard as expedient or proper.—For
goggle-eyed; suit, eye, look, glance.] ox for g. and all. Forthe restof the time; finally;
g. ,
Goiter, -tre, goi'ter, n. {Med.) Bronchocele an en- ; permanently. — Good'ness, n. State of being good
largement of the thyroid excellence; virtue; kindness. [AS. godnes.] Good'- — ;

gland. See Cretinism. [F. ly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Pleasant agreeable ;
goitre, fr. L. guttur, the comely graceful portly large. [AS. godlic]
;

—
throat.]
; ;

Good'liness, n. Grace; elegance.

;

Good'y, -t, ». —
Gold, gold, n. A
precious metal, Good-wile ; good-woman, pi. Bonbons, etc. —
of reddish yellow color and Good'y-good'y, a. Affectedly or sentimentally good;
metallic luster, ductile and pretentiously, sillily, or hypocritically virtuous.—
malleable money wealth ; Good'yish. a. Manifesting goodness in a somewhat
—
; ;

a yellow color like that of silly manner. Good breed'ing. Polite manners or
the metal. [AS. and G.; D. — —
gaud, Ic. gull, Sw. and Dan.
education. Good-day', n. or interj. Farewell,
term of salutation at meeting or parting. Fri'day,
A fast, in memory of our Savior s sufferings,
a
—
quid, Goth, gulth, Rubs, zlato,
Gr. chrusos, Skr. hirana ; s.
—
n.
kept on the Friday of passion-week. hu'mored, a.
Having a cheerful spirit and demeanor; good-na-
—
rt. chlorine, green, yellow.']
Gold'en, -n, a. Made of, con- tured. —na'tured, a. Naturally mild in temper;
tem'pered, a. Hav- —
sisting of, or of

en age.e.
the col >r of,
gold; very precious.
The fabulous
Tl "
Gold- — Goiter.
age of primeval simplicity
not easily provoked; kind.
ing a good temper; not easily irritated.
Benevolence kindly feeling zeal. (Law.) The
;
will', n.
;
—
and purity of manners in rural employments. custom of any trade or business.
(Rom. literature.) The first part of the classical Good-by. See under God.
period of Latinity (b. c. 81- a. d. 14), followed by the Goose, goos, n. ; pi. Geese, ges. A large web-footed
silver age. —G. number. (Chronol.) A number show- fowl, migratory when wild, liv-
ing the year of the lunar cycle, formerly written — ing on land and eating grass
in the calendar in gold. —
G. rule. The rule of do- when domesticated a tailor's ;

ing as we woHld hnve others do to us. See Luke vi. smoothing iron, whose handle
31. — Gold'beat'er, n. One who beats or foliates resembles a goose's neck; a sim-
gold for gilding. —
Gold-beater's skin. The outside pleton; a game of chance. [AS.
membrane of the large intestine of the ox, used for gos, pi. ges, Ic. and Sw. gas (all
separating the leaves of metal in beating.
Gold in very fine particles. —
dust, n.
finch, n. A singing-
— lor gans), D. and G. gans, L. an-
ser, Skr. hamsa ; s. rt. gander,
bird, —named from the color of its wings; also, a gannet.] — Goos'ery, -er-I, n. A
small Amer. bird, the thistlefinch or yellow-bird.— place for keeping geese. Goose. —
A
small fish, named from its color, a Goose'-fish, n. One of agenus of
-fish, b.
native of China.
leaf. —
—
leaf, n. Gold beaten into a thin
Gold'smith, n. One who manufactures ves- devil, or bellows-fish. —
teleost fishes,— the angler, fishing-frog, wide-gab; seav
flesh, -skin, n. A roughness
sels and ornaments of gold. —
Gold'ylocks, -T-loks, of the skin produced by cold or fear. Goos'ander, —
n. A plant having yellow flowers, like locks of n. A migratory, fish-eating duck, of northern regions,
hair; wood crowfoot. — Gos'nawk, n. A short-winged, slender hawk, of
Golf, golf, n. A game played with ball and bat or temperate regions. [For goose-hawk, AS. gos and
club croo-ked at the end. [D. kolf, club or bat.] hafuc, Ic. gas-haukr.] — Gos'ling, goz'ling, n. A
Gondola, gon 'do-la, n. A
long, narrow, flat-bottomed young goose.
plea sure-boat, Gooseberry, gooz'bgr-rTf, n. The fruit of a thorny
used at Venice ; ,-hrub; the shrub itself, found in all temperate re-
in U. S., a plat- gions. [For groise- or ^grose-berry ; OF. groisele, a
form used on
car, gooseberry, fr. MUG. and Sw. krus, curled, frizzled,
railroads. [It., fr. the hairs on the fruit.]
dim. of gonda, a Gopher, go'fgr, n. A burrowing animal of several
boat, Gr. kondu, a kinds, — pouched rat, squirrel, land-tortoise, etc.
drinking vessel, [F. gaufre, waffle, honeycomb. See Gauffer.]
perh. Jr. Pers. Gopher, go'fer, n. A species of wood used in build-
hand u, a butt, ing AT oah's ark. [Heb.]
vat.]— Gondolier', Gor-eock, g6r'kok,n. A gallinaceous bird; moor-cock,
-ler', n. A man ved-grouse, red-game. [For gorse-cock. See Gorse.]
who rows a gon- Gor-cfow. See under Gore.
dola. Gordian, g6r'dT-an, a. Pert, to Gordius, king of Phry-
Gone. See Go. gia, or to a knot tied by him, which could not be un-
Gonfalon, gon'fa-lon r». An ensign or standard, tied, but was cut by Alexander the Great; hence, in-
colors. [ME and OF. gonfanon, MHG. gundfano; tricate; complicated; difficult.

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, bosboN, chair, get.
 ;

GORE 238 GRADE

Gore, gor, n. Blood; thick or clotted blood. [AS. gor, Gourd, gord, n. A rapid-growing cucurbitaceoue
dirt, filth, Ic. gor, gore s. rt. Ic. gorn, the guts, Gr.
; plant, bearing a one-celled, many-seeded, hard-
chorde, a string of gut, cord, L. hira, gut, E. cord, shelled fruit: which, when dry, is used for dippers,
chord, hernia, yarn.] —
Gor'y, -T, a. Covered with bottles, etc. [F. gourde, orig. gouhourde, corrupt,
gore; bloody; murderous. —
Gor'-crow, n. The com- of cougourde, L. cucurbita, a gourd; perh. s. rt
mon or carrion crow. corbis, a basket.]
Gore, gor, n. A
wedge-shaped piece of cloth, sewed Gourmand, Gourmet. See under Gormand.
into a garment, etc., to give greater width at a par- Gout, gowt, n. (Med.) A painful constitutional dis-
ticular part ; a triangular piece of land. v. t. To — ease inflammation of the joints, esp. of the great
;

cut in triangular form. [AS. gara, a projecting point toe. [F. goutte, a drop, gout, the disease being for.
of land, gar, a spear; G. gehre, D. geer, a gusset.] merly attributed to a defluxion of the humors, fr.
Gore, gor, v. t. [gored (gord), goring.] To pierce, L. gutta, drop.] —
Gout'y, -T, a. Diseased with, sub-
stab. [AS. gar, spear. See preceding.] ject to, or pert, to, etc. — Goutiness, n.
Gorge, g6rj, n. The throat; gullet; a narrow passage, Gout, gob, n. Taste; relish. [F. See Gust.]
iefile between mountains, or entrance into an Govern, guv'grn, v. t. [-erned (-ernd), -erning.]
outwork of a fort; that whichis swallowed, esp. by To regulate by authority; to influence, direct, man-
hawk. —
V. t. [GORGED (gSrjd), GORGING.]* Tb age. (Gram.) To require to be in a particular case.
swallow; esp, p., to swallow with greediness; to glut,
g — v.i. To exercise authority, administer the laws,
satiate. —
v. i. To feed greedily.
.ily. [OF., the throat,
throat have the control. [OF. governer, gouverner, fr. L.
gullet, LL. gorgia, throat, narrow pass, gorga, L. gubernare, to steer a ship, guide, direct, Gr. kuber-
gurges, whirlpool, abyss, gullet, Skr. gri, to devour.] nan, to steer.] —
Gov'ernable, -a-bl, a. Capable of
— Gor ' get, -jet, n.
1
A
piece of armor defending the being, etc. manageable obedient.
; ; — Gov'ernor, -er,
throat or neck. (Mil.) A
pendent metallic ornament, n. One who governs; esp., a chief
worn by officers. (Surg.) A
cutting instrument ruler or magistrate a tutor, guar-
—
;

used in lithotomy. [OF. gorgeite.] Gor'geous, -jus, dian. (Naut.) pilot.A (Mach.)
a. Imposing through splendid or various colors; A contrivance connected with
showy; fine. [OF. gorgias, perh. fr. the wearing a mills, steam-engines, etc., to main-
gorget, perh. fr. the swelling of the throat in pride.] tain uniform velocity with a vary-
— Gor'geously, adv. —
Gor'geousness, n. ing resistance: see Steam Engine.
Gorgon, g&r'gon, n. (Myth.) A maiden of terrific [OF. governeur, L. gubernator.] —
aspect, whose sight turned the beholder to stone. Gov'erness, n. A female governor;
Anything very ugly or horrid. [L. and Gr. Gorgo, an instructress. —
Gov'ernante',
Gorgon; Gr.gorgos, terrible; perh. s. rt. Skr. garj, to -ant', n. A
lady in charge of young
roar.] —
Gorgo'nian, -nl-an, a. Pert, to, or like, etc. women a governess. [F. gouver-
—
;

Gorilla, go-ril'la, n. An
ape, of tropical Africa, of nante.] Government, n. Act of Governor.
great eize, strength, and fe- governing; exercise of authority; restraint; regula-
rocity. [Punic] tion; the system of polity in a state; established form
Gormand, gSr'mand, Gourmand, of law; right or oower or governing; authority; the
goor'mand, n. A glutton. [OF. ruling power: the administration; a commonwealth;
gourmand ; govrmander, to de- state. (Gram.) The influence of a word in regard
vour, glut, gourmandise, glut- to construction. —Government' al, a. Pert, to, or
tony.]— Gor'mandize, v. i. or made by government.
t. [-DIZED (-dizd), -DIZING.] Gown, gown, n. A loose upper garment: esp. the outer
To eat greedily, feed raven- dress of a woman; the official robe of professional
ously. —
Gor'mandiz'er, n. — men and scholars; hence, civil officers, disting. fr.
Gourmet, goor'ma, n. con- A military; a wrapper worn by gentlemen within doors.
noisseur in eating and drink- [ME. goune, W. gwn, Ga. and Corn, gunn ; W. gwnio,
Gorilla.
to stitch.] —
Gownsman, gownz'man, n. ; pi. -men.
Gorse, gSr's, n. A
thick, prickly shrub, bearing yellow One whose professional habit is a gown, as a divine
flowers in early spring; furze; whin. [AS. gorst; or lawyer; a civilian, disting. fr. a soldier.
perh. s. rt. growan, to grow, whence E. grass.] Grab, grab, n. A sudden grasp er seizure. v. t. & i. —
Gory. See under Gore. [grabbed (grabd),-BiNG.] To gripe suddenly, seize,
Goshawk, Gosling. See under Goose. clutch. [Sw. qrabba, Skr. grabh, to seize; s. rt. grap-
Gospel, Gossip. See under God. ple, gripe, grip, grasp.]
Gossamer, gos'sa-mer, n. A
filmy substance, like cob- Grace, gras, n. Exercise of love, kindness, or good
webs, floating in the air. [ME. gossomer, lit. goose- will; favor bestowed; the divine favor toward man;
summer, gossamer being called in Prov. E. summer- enjoyment of divine favor inherent excellence ; ;

goose ; cf. G. sommerfaeden, D. zomerdraden, gossa- beauty, physical, intellectual, or moral; elegance of
mer, lit. summer-threads.] —
Gos'samer'y, -mer'T, a. manners ; the title of a duke or an archbishop of
Like gossamer; flimsy; unsubstantial. England; a prayer before or after meat. pi. (Myth.)
Got, Gotten. See Get. Graceful and beautiful females, the attendants of
Goth, goth, «. One of an ancient Teutonic race, who Venus. (Mus.) Ornamental tones. play con- A
overran the Roman empire; a bar- sisting in throwing a hoop by means of two sticks.—
barian; rude, ignorant person. [L. v. t. [graced (grast), gracing.] To adorn, deco-
Gothi, Goth. Guthans, the Goths.] rate; to dignify, honor. [OF L. gratia, favor, fr.;

— Gothic, a. Pert, to the Goths. atits, pleasing Gr. chairein, to rejoice, charis,
;

—
(Arch.) Pert, to a style of architec- t vor, grace, Skr. hart, to desire; s. rt. yearn.] Days
ture with high, sharply-pointed of grace. (Com.) Days following that when a bill
arches, clustered columns, etc. see or note becomes due, which are allowed to the payer
Capital. Rude barbarous.
; n. —
:

to make payment in. —

Good graces. Favor; friend-
The language of the Goths. (Print.) ship. — Grace'cup, n. The health drank after say-
A style of square-cut type, with no ing grace. —
Graceful, -ful, a. Displaying grace or
hairlines. beauty in form or action"; elegant; easy. Grace'- —
fully, adv.— Gracefulness, n.— Grace'less, a. Want-
flt^" The Type called GOTHIC. ing in grace or excellence, esp. in divine grace; de-
— Gotb/icism, -t-sizm, n. A Gothic praved; degenerate; corrupt. Gracelessly, adv. — —
idiom ; conformity to the Gothic Gra'cious, gra'shus, a. Abounding in, or charac-
style of building; rudeness of man- terized by, grace; winning favor; acceptable; beau-
ners; barbarousness. —
Gotb/icize, tiful; graceful; produced by divine grace benevo-
—
;

v. t. [-cized (-sizd), -cizing.] To lent; beneficent; benignant; merciful. Gra'ciouB-

make Gothic or barbarous. ly, adv. —Gra'ciousness, n.
Gouge, gowj, in Eng. gooi, n. A chisel, Grackle, Grakle, grak'kl, n. A
bird allied to the black-
with a semi-cylindrical blade.— v. t. bird. [Onomat. L. graculvs, jack-daw.]
;

[GOUGED (gOWJd), GOUGING.] To Grade, grad, n. A step or degree in any series, rank,
scoop out with a gouge to force out ; or order; in a road or railroad, the rate of ascent or
(the eye of a person) with the thumb descent; a graded ascending or descending portion
or finger; to cheat. [F.; Sp. gubia, of a road: a gradient. (Stock-breeding.) The result
LL. guvia, chisel.] French G o t
of crossing a native stock with a better breed. v. t. —
Gourami, goVra-mT, Go'rami, n. A Window, Tour- To reduce to a level, or to an evenly progressive as-
nest-building, fresh-water, food fish nay Cathedral. cent, as the line of a canal or road. [F., L. gradus,
of E. Asia. a degree, fr. gradi, gressus, to step, go.] At grade. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; Tn, ice ; Odd, tone, 6r
 GRAFF 239 GRAND
At the same level. —
Down a. A descent. Up g. — Gran'ularly, -lar-lt, adv. In a granular form. —
—
An ascent. Gra'dient, a. Moving by steps; walk- Gran'ulate, -lat, v. t. To form into, etc.; to raise in
ing; rising or descending by regular degrees of in- small asperities; to roughen on the surface. v. i.
clination. n. —
Rate of ascent or descent in a road, To collect or be formed into grains.— Granula'tlon,
etc.; grade; a part of a road which slopes upward or n. Act of forming into grains development of ;

downward. [L. gradiens, -dientis, p. pr. of gradi.] small grain-like cells in a sore, filling up the cavity,
— Grada'tion, n. Act of progressing by regular —
and uniting the sides. Graniv'orous, -rus, a. Eat-
steps; state of being graded, or arranged'in ranks; ing grain or seeds. [L. vorare, to devour.] Gran'- —
any degree in an order or series; gradual blending ite, -it, n.(Geol.) A
crystalline, unstratified rock,
of "one tint with another. [OF.; L. gradatio, ascent consisting of quartz, feldspar, and mica. [It. gran-
—
by steps.] Gradatory, grad'a-to-rY, a. Proceeding ito, granite, prop. p. p. of granire, to reduce to
step by step; gradual; adapted for progressive mo- grains, to speckle, fr. grano L. granum.] Gra- — —
tion. n. — A
step from the cloisters into the church. nit'ic, -ical, a. Like, or consisting of, granite. —
— Grad'ual, -u-al, a. Proceeding by steps or degrees; Granit'iform, a. (Geo/.) Resembling granite in
progressive; slow. [L. gradiens, p. pr. of gradi.'] — structure or shape. [L.. forma, form.] Gran'itine, —
n. An order of steps; an ancient book of hymns, -tin, n. A
rock containing 3 species of minerals,
some of which were chanted on the steps (gradus) some of which differ from those which compose
of the pulpit. —
Grad'ually, adv. In a gradual man- granite^as quartz, feldspar, and shorl.
ner; step by step. —
Grad'uate, -u-at, v. t. To mark Grain, gran, n. A
prong tine pi. a fish spear. [Ic.
; ;

with degrees; to divide into regular steps, grades, gren, Dranch, bough.]
or intervals; to admit to a certain grade or degree, Grallatory, gral'la-to-rT, -torial, -to'rt-al, a. Pert, to
esp. to an academical degree; to prepare gradually. the grallatores or wading birds. [L. grallator, a
— v. i. To pass to, or to receive, an academical de- walker on stilts, fr. grallse, stilts, fr. gradi, to walk.
gree ; to pass by degrees, change gradually. n. — See Grade.]
ine admitted to an academical degree. a. Ar- — Gram. See under Grammar.
ranged by successive steps or degrees; graduated.— Gramercy, gra-mer'st, interj. An obs. expressionof
Gradua'tion, n. Act of graduating; art of dividing
y
thankfulness with surprise. [F. gran merci, grea:
into degrees or definite parts; marks on an instru- thanks.]
ment indicating degrees, etc. Grad'uator, n. One — Graminaceous, gram-i-na'shus, Gramin'eal, -eons, -e-
who graduates; an instrument for dividing any line us, a. Pert, to the grasses. [L. gvamen, graminis,
into regular intervals. Gra'dus, n. — dictionary A grass; s. rt. Skr. gri, to devour.] Graminiv'oroua, —
of prosody. [Abbr. fr. L. gradus ad Parnassum, a a. Feeding on grass, etc. [L. vorare, to eat.]
step to Parnassus.] Grammar, gram'mar, n. Science of language art of ;

Graff, graf Graft, graft, n.

, A
small shoot or scion of speaking or writing with propriety, according to
a tree inserted in another tree ; portion of a tree established usage a treatise on the principles of
—
;

growing from such shoot. v. t. Te insert, as a cut- language, or on the elements of any science. [OF.
ting from one tree in a branch or stem of another; to gramaire, fr. LL. and Gr. gramma, a letter of the
implant or incorporate, as a bud upon a stem. —v. i. alphabet, fr. Gr. graphein, to write.] — Gramma'-
To insert scions from one tree into another. [OF. rian, -rt-an, n. A
philologist one ; who teaches
graffe, grafe, a pencil, F. greffe, a graft, scion, fr. its grammar. — Gram'mar school. A school in which
resemblance to a cut slip; L. graphiolum, style (for grammar, or the science of language, is taught; esp.
writing), graft, graphium, Gr. graphion, style, fr. in which Latin and Greek grammar are taught. —
graphein, to write.] —
Graft'er, n. Grammatical, a. Pert, to, or according to the rule*
Graft, graft, n. Acquisition of money or anything of, grammar. [OF.] — Grammatically, adv. —
of value by the dishonest use of positions of trust; Grammat'icize, v, t. [-cized (-sizd), -cizing.] To
anything so acquired. Graft'er, n. — render grammatical.— Gram, Gramme, gram, n. The
Grail, gral, n. A
broad, open dish, or cup; a chalice. metric unit of weight, =
IS.Toti grains troy or 15.432
[O graal, grasal, LL. gradale, grasale, a flat dish,
!;*. avoirdupois. [F. gramme, fr. Gr. gramma.]
fr. cratella, dim. of L. crater, a bowl.] Holy Grail, — Grampus, sram'pus. n. A voracious cetaceous mam-
or Sangreal. In mediaeval legends, the dish in ma of the dolphin
1

which Joseph of Arimathea received the blood of family, having sock-

Christ on the cross, which had been lost, and could eted, conical teeth,
be recovered only by a knight chaste in act and and breathing by a
thought. [Prop. San Great, holy dish; but perverted spout-hole on the top
into Sang Real, real blood (of Christ).] of the head. [Corrup.
Grain, gran, n. A kernel, esp. of corn, wheat, etc. of It. gran pesce, Pg.
the fruit of certain kindred food plants, viz., corn, gran peixe, or Sp. gran
Gramnus
urampus.
wheat, rye, oats, barley, etc., —used collectively; pez =
L. grandis piscis, great fish cf porpoise.'] ; .

any small, hard particle; small portion a small Granary. See under Grain.
weight, —
the 20th of a scruple in apothecaries'
;

Grand, grand, a. Of large size; extensive relatively ;

weight, 24th of a pennyweight troy; a reddish dye great; greatest; chief; principal ; great in size and
from the coccus insect or kermes; a red color of any fine or imposing in appearance; holding elevated or
hue, esp. (Poet.) Tyrian purple that arrangement of ; advanced rank, as in years or station; majestic; dig-
the particles of any body which determines its com- nified; stately; exalted. [OF.; L. grandis, prob. 8
parative roughness; texture; arrangement or direc- rt. gravis, heavy.] —
Grand juror. One of a grand
tion of the veins or fibers of wood ; the hair-side of jury. —G. jury. (Law.) A
jury whose duty it is,
leather, or the marking on that side. pi. The husks in secret session, to examine accusations against
or remains of malt after brewing, or of any grain af- offenders, and. if they see just cause, to find bills of
ter distillation residuum.— v. t. [grained (grand), indictment against them to be presented to the court.
graining.] To
;

paint in imitation of the grain of — G. vizier. The head of the Turkish council of state.
wood; to form into grains, as powder, sugar, etc. — v. — Grand'ly, adv. — Grand'eur, -jur, n. Quality of
i. To form grains, or assume a granular form. [OF.; being grand splendor of appearance elevation of
L. granum. a grain, corn s. rt. corn, grind, kernel.] —
; ;

; thought or expression, or of mien or deportment no- ;

Against the grain. Against the fibers of wood; against bility of action sublimity augustness magnifi
one's wishes with difficulty. To dye in g. To — cence. [OF.] —
;

Gran 'dam, -nam, -ny, -nT, n. An old

; ;

dye with the tint made from kermes to dye firm- woman esp. a grandmother. [E. and F. dame.] —
—
; ;

ly; dye in the wool. Grand'aunt, -ant, n. The aunt of one's father or
Grained, grand, a. Divided
into small particles or grains; roughened; dyed in
grain: ingrained; painted in imitation of the grain of
mother. —
un'cle, n. child, n. ;
—
A son's or daugh-
daugh ter, n. Daughter of a son or
wood. (Bot.) Havingtuberclesorgrain-like processes.
— Gran'ary, -rT, n, A
storehouse for thrashed grain.
ter's child.
daughter.
er's father.
——
son, n. —-father, n. A father's or moth-
mother, -sire, n. n—
A grandfather;
[L. granaria, fr. granum; same as garner, q. v.] — —
any male ancestor. Grandee', -de', n. A man of
Grange, granj, n. A
granary barn farm, with ; ; rank; in Spain, a nobleman of the first rank. [Sp.
stables, etc.; in U. S., an association of farmers to grande, great, also, a nobleman.] Grandiloquent, —
promote direct communication between producers -o-kwent, -oquous, -kwus, a. Speaking in a lofty
and consumers, to the exclusion of middlemen or style: bombastic. [L. grandiloquus ; loqui, to speak.]
traders. [ME. and OF. Sp. granja, LL. granea,
; — Grandil'oquence, -kwens, n. Lofty words or
barn, grange.] —
Gran'ule, gran'ul.w. little grain; A phrasesj bombast; pomposity of speech". Grand'- —
small particle. [F.; L. graiiulum, dim. of granum.] — iose, -T-os, a. Imposing; striking; flaunting; turgid;
Gran 'ulou&, -lus, -alar, -ulary. -la-rT, -ulate. -ulated. bombastic. [F.] —
Grand'iosity, -os-T-tT, n. Swell
a. Consisting of, or like, grains or granules. — of style or manner a bombastic person. ;

eun, «*be, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, dondon, chair, get.
 ; —;

GRANGE 240 GRAVE

Orange, Granite, Granivorous, etc. See under Grain. grass from the ground to tend
to eat (herbage)
Grant, grant, v. t. To allow, yield, concede; to be-
;

grazing cattle. v. i. —
To eat grass or herbage ; to
;

stow or confer, in answer to prayer or request; to supply grass. [ME. grasen.] Graz'er, n. One who ——
make conveyance of, give the possession or title of. grazes or feeds on herbage. Gra'rier, -zhSr, n.
— n. Act of granting a bestowing; admission of One who
pastures cattle, and rears them for market
;

something as true thing granted; gift; boon. (Law.)

; — Grazing, n. Act of feeding on grass; a pasture.
A transfer of property by deed or writing; esp., an Grate, grat, n. A
lattice-work, used in windows of
appropriation or conveyance by the government. prisons, etc. ; a frame of iron bars for holding coals,
SOF. graanter, graunter, creanter, to assure, guaran- — v. t. To furnish with grates or cross-bars. [LL.
ee, promise, yield, LL. creantare, to guarantee, grata, crata, a grating; It. grata, a gridiron, grate,
credential, a promise, L. credere, to trust.] Grant'- — L. crates, a hurdle, whence E. crated] Grat'ing, n. —
able, a. — Granfer, n. — Grant'or, -6r, n. (Law.) A partition of parallel or cross-bars.
One who makes a grant or conveyance. — Grantee', Grate, grat, v. t. To rub roughly or harshly, as one
n. (Law.) One to whom a grant is made. body against another; to wear away in small par-
Granular^ Granule, etc. See under Grain. ticles, by rubbing with anything rough to fret,
Grape, grap, n. The fruit of the vine. (Mil.) Grape-shot. —
vex, irritate. To rub hard,
v. i. so as to offend; to
;

[OF. grappe. It. qrappolo, bunch of grapes, grap- make a harsh sound by friction of rough bodies.
pare, to seize, MHG. hrapfe, a hook, krip/en, to [OF. grater, Sw. kratta, D. k?-assen, to scratch, rub;
seize, clutch; s. rt. grapple.) Grap'y, -Y, a. Made — s. rt.scratch.] —
Grat'er, n. One who, or that which,
of, or like, grapes. —
Grap'ery, -er-T, n. A building etc.; esp. an instrument for rubbing off small par-
for cultivating grapes.— Grape'-shot, n. ticles of a body. Grating, n. — harsh sound of A
(Mil.) A number of iron balls, included rubbing.
between circular iron plates at top and Grateful, grafful, a. Having a due sense of benefits;
bottom, with rings and a connecting willing to acknowledge and repay benefits afford-
pin. —stone, n. The seed of the grape.
vine, n. The vine, having small
ing pleasure ; pleasing to the taste ; acceptable
gratifying welcome. [OF. grat, L. gratus, pleas-
;
;

green flowers, and lobed leaves, which ing. See Grace.] —

Gratefully, adv. Grateful- —
produces grapes. ness, n. —Gratify, grat'i-fi, v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fy-
Graphic, -ical, graflk-al, a. Pertaining ing.J To please by satisfying some wish; to give
to writing; written; inscribed; well de- pleasure to, indulge, please, recompense. [OF. grat-
lineated or described. [Gr. graphikos, ifier, L. gratificari, -catus, fr. gratus and facere, to
fr. grapheinn, to write. See Grave, v. Rrl]n .
^rape-shot. sW make.] —
Grat'ifi'er, n. —
Gratitude, -tad, n. State
I.]— Graph'Ically, adv. In a graphic of being grateful; thankfulness. [F.; L. gratiludo,
jue manner. — Graphite, -It, n. (Min.)
or picturesque f r. gratus.] —
Gratification, Act of rang
Native carbon, disting. by softness, metallic luster^ mind, taste, or appetite; that which affords plea£
and by leaving a lead-colored trace on paper, — used ure. —
Gra'tis, adv. For nothing ; freely gratui-
for pencils, and for many mechanical uses, and often tously. [L., for gratiis, abl. pi. of gratia, favor.]
;

—
called plumbago or black lead. Graphophone, —
Gratuitous, -T-tus, a. Given without a recompense;
grafo-fon, n. A form of phonograph. [Gr. gra- without reason, cause, or proof. [L. gratuitus.] —
phein, to write + phone, sound.] Grapn'otype, -tip, —
Gratuitously, adv. Gratuity, -tT, n. A free gift, —
«. A process for producing relief plates for printing present. [OB. gratuiU, LL. gratuitas.] Grat'ulate, —
without engraving. [See Type.] v. t. To salute with declarations of joy congratu- ;

Grapple, g-rap'pl, v. t. [-pled (-pldj, -pling]. To late. [L. gratulari, -latus.] Gratula'tion, n. Act —
seize, lay fast hold on, with the hands or with of, etc. Grat'ulatory, -to-rt, a. Expressing joy. —
hooks. —
v. i. To contend in close fight. — n. A Grave, grav, v. t. [imp. graved (gravd), p.p. gravek
sizing close hug in contest. (iVaut.) A hook for
;
or graved; graving.] To carve or cut, engrave; to
fastening one ship to another. [OF. grappil, F. give shape to, by eutting with a chisel. (Naut.) To
grappin, a grapple, fr. grappe, orig. a hook, now a clean, as a ship's bottom, by burning off filth, grass,
bunch of grapes see Grape.] Grap'line, Grap'-
: —
etc., and paying it over with pitch, v. i. To write —
nel, n. A small anchor, with 4 or delineate on nard substances; to practice engrav-
or 5 flukes or claws, to hold small ing. — n. An excavation in the earth as a place of
vessels; any instrument designed burial; tomb; sepulcher death or destruction, pi. ;

to grapple or hold.— Grap'pling- The sediment of melted tallow. [AS. grafan. to

i'rons, n. pi. Irons for grappling dig, engrave, D. graven, Ic. grafa, to dig, Gr. graph-
and holding fast. ein, to scratch, engrave, write, L. scribere, to write ;
Grasp, grasp, v. t. [grasped 8. rt. grove, groove, grammar, graphic, prob. carve.]
(graspt), grasping.] To seize Grapnel. — Grav'er, n. One who, etc. ; a sculptor; an en-
and hold, catch, take possession of ; to comprehend. graving tool, burin, q. v. a tool for turning metals.
— — ;

n. Gripe of the hand; seizure by embrace; power GraVing, n. Act of, etc. thing graved or carved; ;

of seizing and holding wide-reaching power of in- act of cleaning a ship's bottom impression on the ;

tellect to comprehend subjects. [Same

;

as grope, q. mind, heart, etc. —

Grav'ing-dock, n. dry dock, A
v.] —Grasping, a. Seizing; avaricious greedy of in which ship's bottoms are cleaned, etc. Grave'- —
gain; exacting. —
Grasp'er, n.
;

clothes, n. pi. Clothes i;i which the dead are in-

Grass, gras, n. Herbage; the plants constituting the terred. stone, n. A
memorial stone set by a
food of cattle, etc.; pasture. (Bot.) endogenous
plant having long, narrow, alternate leaves, sheath-
An grave. —
yard, n.
dead; cemetery.
A
yard for the interment of the

ing a stem generally jointed and tubular, flower Grave, grav, a. Of importance influential serious,
generallyin glume-covered spikelets.andfarinaceous — said of character, relations, etc. not light or gay;
;

;
;

seeds. —
v. t. [grassed (grast), grassing.] To solemn sober plain serious weighty ; momen-
; ; ; ;

cover with grass or turf. [AS. gsers, grses, D., Ic, tous. (Mus^ Not acute or sharp low deep. [F. ; ; ;

Sw., Dan., Goth., and G. gras; s. rt. green, grow.] L. gravis, Goth, kavrs, Gr. barus, Skr. guru ; s. rt.
— Grass'y, -T, a. Covered, abounding with, or like, care, grief.] —
Gravely, adv. In a grave, solemn
— —
grass; green. —
Grass'' iness, n. Grass'-cloth, n. — A manner; soberly. Grave'ness, n. Grava'men, n.
fine, light quality of cloth, resembling linen. plot, (Law.) The grievance complained of the substan-
n. A plot or space covered with grass; a lawn.— tial cause of action. [L., fr. gravis.] Gravid,
;

—
-wid'ow, n. A
woman living away from her hus- gravid, a. With child pregnant. [L. gravidus.]
—
;

band. — Grass'hop- Gravim'eter, n. An instrument for ascertaining

per, n. A jumping the specific gravity of bodies. [L. gravis and Gr.
orthopterous noc- metron, measure.] —
Gravity, -T-t T, n. Sobriety of
turnal insect, with character or demeanor relative importance, sig-
;

4 joints in feet, and nificance, dignity, etc. (Physics.) The tendency

green or transpar- of a mass of matter toward a center of attraction ;
ent wing -covers, esp., the tendency of a body toward the center of
which feeds on the earth. (Mus.) Lowness of sound. [F. gravite",
grass or leaves : L. gravitasJl —
Specific gravity. The ratio of the
the common diurn- weight of a body to the weight of an equal volume
al "grasshoppers" of some other body taken as the standard, usually —
are locusts. [AS. water for solids and liquids, and air for gases.
Gravitate, v. i. To obey the law of gravitation,
S^^azed"
(grazd), grazing.]
Grasshopper (6. viridissintus).
To feed or supply (cattle) with
tend toward the center. Gravita'tion, n. Act of—
gravitating. (Physics.) That attraction by which all

&m, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; Odd, tone, or
 GRAVEL 241 GRIDDLE
bodies or particles of matter in the universe tend guage, literature, or history.— Gre'cize, v. t. [-cized
toward each other. (-slzd), -cizing.] To render Grecian; translate into
Gravel, grav'el, n. A
mass of small stones or frag- Greek.— Gre'cism, -sizm, n. An idiom of the Greek
ments of stone mixed with sand, etc. {Med.) Small language a Hellenism.
;

calculi in the kidneys and bladder painful symp- Green, gren, a. Having the color of growing grass, or a
toms caused by such calculi, — v. ;

t. [graveled colorcomposed of blue andyellow; verdant;emerald;

(-eld), -eling.] To cover with gravel; to stick in see Light full of life and vigor; new; recent: not
;

the sand hence, to puzzle, embarrass to hurt (a

: ;
ripe ; not fully grown or perfect immature in age ;

horse's foot) by gravel lodged under the shoe. [OF. or experience; young; raw; awkward; not seasoned;
gravele, gravelle, dim. of grave, sand mixed with not dry containing its natural juices.
; n. The —
stones Armor, grouan, Corn, grow, gravel, W. gro, color of growing plants a grassy plain or plat. pi.
;
;

pebbles, Skr. gravan, a stone, rock.] Grav'elly, a.
Abounding with, or consisting of, gravel.
Gravy, gra'vY, n. Juices obtained from meat in cook-
ing",made into a dressing ; any liquid dressing for
food. [Frob. fr. E. greaves, tallow drippings.]
— Fresh leaves or branches; wreaths. (Cookery.) Leaves
and stems of young plants dressed for food. v. t. —
[greened (grend), greening.] To make green.
[ME. and AS. grene, D. groen, G. gruen, green, Gr.
chloros, greenish, Skr. nan, green, yellow s. rt. ;

Gray, gra, a. Hoary white mixed with black old chlorine, grow, yellow.'] —
Paris green. A poisonous
—
'. ;

—
;

mature. n. Any mixture of white and black; an arsenical pigment, of vivid green tint. Greenish,
animal of gray color. [AS. grseg, D. graauw, G. a. Somewhat green, or tinged with green.— Green'-
grau, L. ravns, gray; s. rt. Skr. ghur.jur, to become ishness, n. Greenfly, adv.— Green'ness, n. — —
old, Gr. graios, aged, gray.] Grayish, ~ Some- — Greening, n. —
A kind of apple, of green color. —
what gray. Gray'ness — Gray'-beard, . An Green'back, n. A U. S. legal tender note, having
old man.— Gray 'ling, the back printed in green. Green'backer, n. An —
n. A fish allied to the advocate of an unlimited issue of inconvertible legal
tender notes.— Green'finch, n. (Ornith.) The green
trout, found in N.
Europe. — Gray '- grossbeak. —
Green'gage, n. A variety of plum,
wacke, -wak,w. (Geol.) having green pulp when ripe. [Introduced into
A conglomerate o r Eng. by SirW. Gage, about 1725.] Green'horn, n. —
grit -rock, consisting A raw youth. [Low.]— Green'aouse, n. A house
of rounded pebbles
Grayling. to preserve tender plants in during cold weather. —
and sand firmly united together. [G. grauwacke; Green 'room, n. The retiring-room of actors in a
grau and wacke, wacke.] theater. —
Greenland. (Geol.) A soft green silicate
Grayhound. See Greyhound. of alumina, potash, and iron, found in the lower
Graze, Grazier, etc. See under Grass. cretaceous, etc. —
Green'shank, n. (Ornith.) A
Graze, giaz, v. t. [grazed (grazd), grazing.] To species of snipe. —
Green'stone, n. (Geol.) A green-
rub or touch in passing. [Prob. fr. rase, influenced ish crystalline trap rock. Green'sward, n. Turf —
— with —
Green'-gro'cer, n. A retailer of
by grate ; F. raser, to rase, graze, grate.]
ing^ n. A
touch in passing.
Graz'-

Grease, gres, n. Animal fat in a soft state esp., fatty ;

freen grass.
resh fruits, vegetables, ete. sick'nesa, n.
A disease of young women, in which the complexion
—
(Med.)

matter of land animals. (Far.) An inflammation is pale and unhealthy, the blood depraved, and the
of the heels of a horse. [OF. gresse, graisse, fatness, nervous system disordered.
gras, orig. eras, L. crassus, fat. See Crass.J — Greet, gret, v. t. To salute kindly or respectfully, wel-
Grease, grez or gres, v. t. [greased (grezd or grest), come, accost. v. i. —
To give salutations. [AS.
greasing.] To smear or anoint with grease to ; gretan, D. groetan.] Greet'er, n. —
Greet'ing, n. —
bribe to cheat or cozen.— Greasy, grez'T or gres'T, a.
; Gregarious, gre-ga'rt-us, a. Living in a flock or herd.
[-IER -iest.] Composed of, or characterized by,
; [E. gregarius, fr. grex, gregis, flock s. rt. Gr. agei' ;

grease; oily; fat; unctuous; smeared with, or like rein, to assemble, E. aggregate, congregate, egregi-
grease or oil smooth. (Far.) Affected with the ous, etc.] —
Grega'riously, adv.— Grega'riousness, n.
disease called grease.
;

Greas'ily, adv. —
Greas'i- — Gregorian, gre-go'rY-an, a. Pert, to, or originated by
ness, n. —
Greasier, n. contemptuous name for A Gregory. —Gregorian chant, G. tones. A choral mel-
Mexicans and Spanish Americans. ody or melodious formula introduced by Pope Greg-
Great, grat, «. Large in solidity, surface, or linear ory I. in the 6th century. — G. calendar, G. year. The
dimensions; of wide extent; big; expanded; large in ordinary calendar and year, as established by Pope
number; numerous long continued superior; ad-
; ; Gregory XIII. in 1582. —
G. telescope. The reflect-
mirable: commanding endowed with extraordi-
;
ing telescope of Prof. Gregory of Edinburgh.
nary powers, strong, mighty, noble; holding a chief Grenade, gre-nad', n. (Mil.) hollow shell filled A
position, eminent weighty; important. (Geneal-
; with powder, and fired by a
ogy.) Older, younger, or more remote, by a single fuse. [OF. Sp. granada, ;

generation. [AS. perh. s. rt. L. grandis, great. J—

; a pomegranate, also a gre-
Great-grandfather, a grandfather's father great- nade (shaped lik^ a pome-
?randson, a grandson's son. Etc. Greatly, adv. — ;

granate and full of grains),

n a great degree much nobly illustriously.
; ; ;
— L. granatus, full of seeds,
Great'ness, n. Largeness of bulk, dimensions, num- fr. granum, a grain, seed.
ber, quantity, etc. high rank or place magnanim-
; ; See Grain, Garnet.] —
ity strength or extent of intellectual faculties Gren'adier', -der', n.
;

force; intensity. —
Great'-coat, n. An over-coat.
;

who threw
Orig., a soldier
Greaves, grevz, n. pi. Ancient armor for the legs. grenades ; later, one of a
[OF. greves, Sp. grebas ; OF. greve, shin, shank.] company of tall soldiers,
Greaves, grevz, Graves, gravz, n.pl. The sediment of posted on the right of a bat-
melted Jullow. [Sw. dial, grevar.] talion, to lead it in attacks;
Grebe, greb, n. A diving bird, having a straight, sharp now, one of a regiment so-
beak, lobated toes, no tail, and legs set far back. called.
[F., a grebe Armor, kriben, Corn, and W. crib, a
; Grenadine, gren'a-din, n. A
comb, crest, —
some varieties being crested.] fabric, for ladies' dresses, etc.
Grecian, Grecize, etc. See under Greek. Grenado, n. Same as Grenade.
Greed, gred, n. An eager desire or longing greedi- Grew- See Grow.
—
;

ness. [Ic. gradhr, Goth, gredits, hunger.] Greed'y, Grewsome. See under Grisly.
-T, a. [-IER, -iest.] Having a keen appetite for food Grey. Same as Gray.
or drink ravenous voracious eager covetous.
; ; ; ; Greyhound, gra'hownd, n. A
[AS. grsedig, Ic. gradhugr, Skr. gridnu, fr. gridh, to slender, swift, keen-sighted
be greedy.] —
Greed'ily, adv. Greed'iness, n. — variety of dog. [Ic. grey-
Gree-gree. Gri-gri. gre'gre, n. An African magician. hundr; grey, dog, and hundr,
Greek, grek, a. Pert, to Greece, Grecian. n. A na- — hound; not fr. E. gray, which
tive or inhabitant of Greece language of Greece. in Ic. is grar.]
—
;

[AS. and F. Grec, L. Grsecus, Gr. Graikos.] Greek Griddle, grid'dl, n.

Greyhound,
A pan,
church. The eastern church; that part of Christen- broad and shallow, for bak-
dom which separated from the Roman or western ing cakes a cover, to close an opening in the top
;

church in the 9th century; the established church of of a stove a sieve with a wire bottom, used by
;

Russia.— G.fire. A combustible composition which miners. [ME. gredil,W. gredyll, Ir. greideal, grid-
burns under water. —
Gre'cian, -shan, a. Pert, to dle, gridiron; W. greidio. Ir. greadaim, to scorch;
Greece. —
n. A Greek; one versed in the Greek lan- not s. rt. grill.]— Grid'dle-cake, n. A thin cake,

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<3ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink- then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;

GRIEF 242 GROOM

made by frying batter in a griddle or iron pan. — ple, grapnel.] — Grip'er, n. — Grip, grYp, n. A grasp;
Grid'iron, -i-Srn, n. A
grated utensil for broiling a holding fast; a peculiar clasp of the hand; that by
meat, etc. [ME. gredyron.'] which anything grasped. — v. [gripped (grYpt),
is t.
«frief, gref, n. Pain of mind painful sense of loss
; ; -ping.] To give a grip to, gra6p, gripe. [F. gripper,
cause of sorrow. [ME. and OF. gref, grief, heavy, f r. Ic. gripa?]
sad, L. gravis. See Grave, a.] —
Grieve, grev, v. t. Griqua, gre'kwa, n. One of a mixed race, living in
[grieved (grevd), grieving.] To occasion grief to, Griqua land, S. Africa, descended from the Dutch
inflict mental pam upon, make sorrowful.— v. i. To boers and Hottentots of Cape Colony.
feel grief, be in pain of mind on account of an evil, Grisette, gre-zet', ». A
young, laboring French
sorrow, mourn. [OF. grever, L. gravare, fr. gravis.] woman; esp. one kept as a servant and mistress. [F.,
—To come to grief. To meet with an accident; to be orig. a coarse and cheap dress, fr. oris, gray.]
—
ruined, or destroyed. Grievance, -ans, n. cause A Grisly, gris'lY, a. Frightful; horrible; terrible. [AS.
of grief or uneasiness; wrong done and suffered; af- gryslic, gryrelic, G. grausig, fr. graus, horror, grau-
fliction; burden; oppression; injury.— Griev'ons, sen, to eause to shudder, MHG. gruen, to shudder,
-us, a. Causing grief or sorrow ; painful ; hard to Dan. gru, terror.] — Gris'liness, n. —
Grew'some,
bear ; heinous flagitious ; full of grief. Griev'- — Grue'some, groo'sum, a. Ugly; frightful.
—
;

ously, adv. Griev'ousness, n. Grison, gri'son, n. A

Grille, grif , n. The offspring of a mulatto and
negro man. [F.]
Griffin, griffin, Griffon, n. (Myth.) imaginary
animal, generated between the lion and eagle.
(Zobl.) A species of vulture found in the moun-
tainous parts of Europe, N. Africa, and Turkey.
[ME. and OF. griffon, LL. griffus, L. gryphus, gryps,
Gr. grups, fr.grupos, curved, hook-beaked,
rrig, grig, n. The sand eel ; a cricket grasshopper.
[S. rt. cricket ; cf. D. krik, krekel, a cricket, Sw. dial.
S. Amer. animal, like a large
woman weasel. [F., f r. grison, gray-haired, f r. gris, gray.]
Grist, Gristle, etc. See under Grind.
An Grit, grit, n. Sand or gravel; rough particles; struc-
ture of a stone as to fineness or coarseness, or adap-
tation to grinding and sharpening; spirit; spunk.
(Geol.) A hard, gritty conglomerate or sand-stone.
pi. Hulled and broken grain; groats. (High Milling.)
Fragments of cracked wheat smaller than groats. —
v. i. To give forth a sound as of sand under the feet;
;

to grind. —
v. t. To grind, grate. [AS. great, Ic.
kraka, G. kriechen, to creep." grjot ; s. rt. grout.] —
Grifty, -tY, a. Containing, or
Grill, gril, v.t. [grilled (grild), -ling. To broil on consisting of, sand, etc.; rough; spirited and resolute.
a grate or gridiron to torment as if by broiling.
;
— Grit'tiness, n.— Grif stone, n. hard sandstone. A
[F. griller, fr. gril, gridiron, grille, grating, L. cra- Grizzle, griz'zl, n. Gray; a mixture of white and
ticula, small gridiron, fr. crates, a hurdle. See black. [F. and MHG.
gris, gray, G. greis, a gray-
Crate, GrateO —
GriUade', -lad', n. Act of grill- haired man prob. grisette.] — Griz'-
s. rt. gray ; s. rt.
Gray. —
;

ing; thing grilled. Somewhat

— Grizzly bear. AGriz'zly,
zled, -zld, o. -zlY, a.
Grim, grim, a. [grimmer, -mest.] Of forbidding
or gray. large and ferocious bear of
f ear-inspiring aspect ; ferocious ; horrid ; ghastly ; Western N. Amer.
grisly; surly. [AS.; gram, angry, grimetan, to rage, Groan, gron, v. i. [groaned (grond), groaning.] To
roar, Dan. grim, ugly, grim, Ic. grimmr, grim, stern.] give forth a low, moaning sound, as in pain or sor-
— Grim'ly, a. and adv. —
Grim'ness, n. row; to strive after earnestly. n. A low, moaning —
Grimace, grY-mas', n. A
distortion of the counte- sound, —
usually uttered in pain; sometimes, in de-
nance, to express contempt, disapprobation, etc. rision. [AS. granian ; s. rt. grin.]
a smirk; made-up face. [F.; AS. and Ic. grima, D. Groat, grawt, n. An old English coin worth 8 cents;
grijns, a mask s. rt. grin, grim, grime.']
; any small sum. [ME. and OLG. grote, name of the
Grimalkin, grY-maf kin, n. An old cat. [For gray com, also great, D. groot, E. great.']
malkin; malkin dim. of Maud, Matilda, fr. OHG. Groats, grawts, n. pi. Oats or wheat hulled and broken
maht-hilt ; maht =
E. might ; hilt —
AS. hild, battle.] or cracked. [AS. gratan ; s. rt. grind.]
Grime, grim, n. Foul matter; dirt. —
v. t. To sully or Grocer, gro'sgr, n. A
dealer in tea, sugar, spices, etc.
soil deeply to dirt. [Dan. grim, griim, OD. grym- [Orig. grosser, OF. grossier, a wholesale dealer, fr.
;

sel, soot, smut, Sw. dial, grima, a smut on the face. gros, great.] —
Gro'cery, -sSr-Y, n. pi. Commodities
See Grimace.] —
Grinfy, -Y, a. [-ier, -iest.] Full sold by grocers. A
grocer's store. [OF. grosserie.']
of grime; dirty; foul. Grog, grog, n. A
mixture of spirit and water, usually
Grin, grin, v. i. [grinned (grind), -ning.] To open not sweetened. [Fr. " Old Grog,'" nickname of Ad-
the mouth and withdraw the lips from the teeth, as in miral Edw. Vernon, who wore grogram breeches,
laughter, scorn, or pain. —v. t. To express by grin- and, about 1745, had the sailors' rum diluted with
ning. — n. Act of, etc. [AS. grennian, Dan. grine, water.] —Grog'gery, -ger-Y, n. A grog-shop.— Grog'-
Sw. grina ; s. rt. groan, grim.] gy, -gY, a. Overcome with grog; tipsy; weakened in
Grind, grind, v. t. [ground (grownd), grinding.] a fight so as to stagger; moving in a hobbling man-
To reduce to powder, by friction, as in a mill, or ner, from tender feet, —
said of a horse. Grog'gi- —
with the teeth to wear down, polish, or sharpen by
; nesfi, n. —Grog'shop, n. A
place for retailing, etc.
friction; to prepare for examination to oppress by Grogram, grog'ram, Grog'ran, n. A coarse stuff made
severe exactions, harass. —
v. i. To perform the
;

of silk and mohair; also, a strong, coarse silk. [OF.

operation of grinding to become pulverized, pol-
; gros-grain; gros, coarse, grain, grain, texture.]
ished, sharpened by friction ; to drudge. [AS. grin- Groin, groin, n. The depressed part of the body be-
dan ; s. rt.L.friare, fricare, to rub, Gr. chriem, to tween belly and thigh.
graze, Skr. ghrish, to grind, E. friable, friction.] — (Arch.) The angular curve
Grind'er, n. One who, or that which, grinds; one of made by the intersection
*he double teeth which grinds or masticates food, of 2 semi-cylinders or
a. molar : see Tooth, —
Grind'ery, -er-Y, n. Shoe- arches. —
v. t. [groined
makers' materials.— Grind 'stone, n. A
flat, circular, fgroind), groining.]
revolving stone, for grinding and sharpening tools. (Arch.) To fashion into,
— Grist, grist, n. That which is ground at one time; or adorn with groins.
supply; provision. JAS., fr. grmdan, gristbitian, to [Prov. E. grain, fork of
grind the teeth.] —Grist' -mill, n. A
mill for grind- the branches of a tree, Ic.
ing grain. —Gris'tle, -1, n. (Anat.) A
smooth, solid, grein, branch, arm, greina,
—
elastic substance in animal bodies cartilage. [AS., to fork, branch off.]
dim. of grist, as it must be crunched if eaten.]
;

— Groined, groind, a. (Arch.)

Gris'tly, -1Y, a. Consisting of, or like, etc. Having an angular curve
Gripe, grip, v. t. [griped (gript), griping.] To catch made t>y intersection of
with the hand, clutch; to seize and hold fast; to pain arches.
the bowels of, as if by pressure or contraction; to Grommet, grom'met, n.
pinch, distress. —
v. i. To hold or pinch as with a (Naut.) A
ring formed of Groined Arch.
gripe; to get money by hard bargains or exactions; a strand of rope laid round
to suffer griping pains. (Naut.) To tend to come by others in a particular manner; a metal ring to
up into the wind, as a ship. n. Grasp; seizure; — finish an eyelet, etc. (Mil.) A
rope wad for cannon.
clutch; that on which the grasp is put; a handle; op- [F. gourmette, fr. gourmer, to curb, thump.]
pression cruel exaction; pinching distress; spas-
; Groom, groom, n. A
servant; esp. one in charge of
modic pain in the intestines. (Naut.) The fore- horses; one of several officers of the English royal
foot; sharpness of a ship's stern under the water: pi. household, chiefly in the lord chamberlain's depart-
ropes, dead-eyes, and hooks, to secure the boats to ment; a man recently married, or about to be mar-
the deck. [AS. gripan, Ic. and Sw. gripa, Skr. grah, ried; a bridegroom. v. t. —
[groomed (groomd),
to seize; b. rt. E. grab, grope, grasp, not s. rt. grap- grooming.] To tend or care for (a horse). [ME.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Yn, Ice ; Odd, t5ne, 6r;
 GROOVE 243 GRUME
grom, grome. prob. fr. AS. and Goth, guma, L. homo,
a man.] —
Grooms'' man, n. An attendant of a bride-
the frame stands; agroundsill. plot.n. Ground on
which a building is placed; plan of the lower part of
—
groom atjiis wedding.
Groove, groov, n. A furrow, channel; a long hollow
a building. —
rent, n. Rent paid for the privilege
of building on another man's land. squir'rel, n. — A
cut by a tool.— v. t. [grooved (groovd), grooving.] squirrel_that burrows in the ground; a chipmunk.
To cut a groove in, form into grooves, furrow. [D. Group, groop, n. A
cluster, crowd, or throng; an as-
groef, groeve, a grave, groove s. rt. grove, q. v.]
; semblage of persons or things: an assemblage of fig-
Grope', grop. v. i. [groped (gropt), groping.] To at- ures or objects in a certain order or relation, or hav-
tempt to find something in the dark, or as a blind ing some resemblance or common characteristic.
person, by feeling; to feel one's way. v. t. To — (Mus.) A
number of 8th, 16th, etc., notes tied to-
search out by feeling in the dark. [AS. grapian, to gether; any musical ornament consisting of several
seize, handle, grap, grip of the fingers, gripen, to short tones, v. t. —
[grouped (groopt), grouping.]
gripe; s. rt. grasp.'] To formn a <jroup
cjroup of, form
forr an assemblage, arrange,
Gross, gros, a. Great; excessively or disproportion- combine. [F. groupe, group, It. groppo, knot, group,
ately large bulky coarse rough not easily aroused
; ; ; ; G. kropf, a crop, craw, wen, orig. bunch; s. rt. crop.]
stupid: vulgar: indelicate; obscene; impure; thick; Grouse, grows, n. A stout-legged rasorial bird, of sev-
dense; palpable; whole; entire; total.— n. The main eral species, with feath-
body, bulk, mass; the number of 12 dozen. [OF. ered feet and short bill.
gros, L. grossus, thick; s. rt. grocer, grogr am, engross, [OF. griesche, greoche.]
etc.] —A great gross. 12 gross; 144 dozen. In the — Grout, growt, n. Coarse
g., in g. In the bulk, or the whole undivided; all meal; pollard; a kind of
parts taken together. —
Gross'ly, -It, adv. Gross'- — thick ale lees grounds
; ;

ness, n. —
Gross'beak, -bek, dregs; sediment; a thin,
n. Asinging bird of several coarse mortar; also, a
species, allied to the finch finer material, used in
and linnet, having a convex finishing ceilings; a
bill, very thick at the base. kind of wild apple.—
[F. gros'bec, great beak.] v. t. To fill up (joints
Grot, grot, Grot'to, n. ; pL between stones) with Grouse.
-toes, -toz. A
natural cav- grout. [AS. a n d D.
ern; an artificial cave or cav- grut, groats, q. v.; s. rt. grind, grit, gruel.]— Groufy,
ern-like apartment. [F.
Grossbeak.
-t, a. Cross; surly; sullen.
grotte. It. grotta, fr. L L.
— Grove, grov, n. A
cluster of trees shading an avenue
grupta, a crypt, cave, L. crypta, a crypt, q. v.] a group of trees smaller than a forest. [AS. graf,
Grotesque'', -tesk r a. Like figures formerly painted
, grove, fr. grafan, to dig, grave, cut; s. rt. groove.]
in grottoes; whimsical; extravagant. [OF.] Grovel, grov'l, v. i. [-eled (-Id), -eling.] To creep
Ground, imp. and_p. p. of Grind, q. v. on the earth, or with the face to the ground; to act
Ground, grownd, n. The surface of the earth, also of in a prostrate posture; to be low or mean. [Ic. gmfa,
a floor; region; territory; land; estate; basis on which prostrate on one's face, grvfla, to grovel.] Grov'- —
anything rests foundation premise, reason, or da-
; ; eler, n. One who grovels; an_abject wretch.
tum originating force, agency, or agent. (Paint.)
; Grow, gro, v. i.Ump. grew (groo); p. p. grown (gron):
The surface on which an object is represented; that growing.] To increase in size by a natural and or-
portion of manufactured articles, of a uniform color, ganic process; to increase in any way, be augmented;
on which the figures are drawn or projected, pi. to thrive, flourish; to result as an effect from a
Sediment; dregs: lees. (Arch.) Pieces of wood, flush cause, become; to become attached or fixed, adhere.
with the plastering, to which moldings, etc., are at- — v. t. To cause to grow, cultivate, produce, raise.
tached. (Mus.) A
composition in which the base, [AS. growan, imp. greow, p. p. grou-en, Ic. groa.] —
consisting of a few bars of independent notes, is Growler, n. One who grows, cultivates, or produces.
continually repeated to a varying melody; the tune — Growth, n. Process of growing; gradual increase
on which descants are raised. (Elec.) A conduct- of animal and vegetable bodies; production; that
ing connection with the earth, making it part of an which has grown; effect; result. [Ic. grodhr.]
electrical circuit.— v. t. To lay or set on the ground; Growl, growl, v. i. [growled (growld), growling.]
to found; to fix or set, as on a foundation, fix firmly; To murmur or snarl, as a dog; to utter an angry,
to instruct in elements or first principles. (Elec.) grumbling sound.— v.t. To express by growling.
To connect with the ground, so as to make the earth — n. The murmur of a cross dog. [D. grollen, to
a part of an electrical circuit.— v. i. To run aground; grumble; G., to bear ill-will against, also, to rumble,
to strike and remain fixed. [AS., Dan., Sw., and G. as thunder, Gr. gndlizein, to grunt, grullos, a pig,
grund, ground perh. orig. dust, earth, and s. rt. gru, grunt. See Grumble.] GrowKer, n. —
grind.] — ;

To gain ground. To advance, proceed for- Grub, grub, v. i. [grubbed (grubd), -bing.] To dig
ward in conflict, obtain an advantage. To give g. — in or under the ground; to be occupied in digging;
—
To recede, yield advantage. To lose g. To retire,
— to beg, esp. food. —v. t. To dig, dig up by the roots.
—
retreat, lose advantage, credit, or reputation. n. A
fleshy larve, esp. a larve of a beetle or wee-
Groundless, a. Without ground or foundation vil; a short, thick man, dwarf; that which is grubbed
false. —
Groundlessly, adv. —
Groundlessness, n.—
;

up for food; victuals. [AS. grapian, to grope, q. v.;

Ground'age, -ej, n. A tax paid by a ship for the s. rt. grab, grasp, gripe?] Grub'ber, w. —
ground or space it occupies while in port.— Ground '- Grudge, gruj, v. t. [grudged (grujd), grudging.] To
ling, n. (Ichth.) A fish that keeps at the bottom of part with reluctantly, desire to get back again. v. —
the water; the spined loach. A
spectator in the pit i. To be covetous or envious, unwilling or reluc-
of the theater, orig. on the ground and without seats. tant. —
n. Uneasiness at the possession of something
— Ground'sel, n. An annual, low-growing plant. by another: ill will; envy; pique; hatred; spite.
[ME. greneswel, AS. grundeswelge, fr. grund and [ME. grucchen, gruggen, grudge, fr. OF. grocer,
swelgan, to swallow, fr. its profuse growth.] — groucher, to murmur, later gruger, to repine, LL.
Ground'sel, -sill, n. The timber in a building next groussare, to murmur; s. rt. growt] Grudg'er, n. —
to the ground; ground-plate; sill. [ME. grunsel, fr. — Grudg'ingly, adv.
sill, q. v.] —
Ground'swell, n. A
broad, deep swell Gruel, groo'el, n. A light, liquid food, made by boil-
or undulation of the ocean after a storm, or caused ing meal in water. [OF.; LL. grutellum, dim. of
by a distant gale. —
Ground'work, n. Foundation; grutum, meal, OLG., D., and AS. grut, groats, q. v.]
basis; the essential part, ground; first principle; orig- Gruff, gruf, a. Of a rough or stern manner, voice, or
inal reason. —
Ground'-ash, n. A
sapling of ash.— countenance; rugged; harsh. [D. and Sw. grof, Dan.
-bait, n. Bait dropped to the bottom of the water to grov, coarse, rude, gross; prob. s. rt. AS. reofan, Ic.
collect fish. — floor, n. The floor of a house on a
level, or nearly so, with the ground. hog, n. The — rjufa, L. rumpere, to break,
coarse.] —
Gruffly, acfo.
hence broken, rough,
Gruff /'nesB, n. —
—
American marmot; woodchuck; also, an animal of Grum, grum, a. Morose severe of countenance
Australia. —nut.n. The peanut; also, a leguminous,
twining plant, producing clusters of purple flowers,
glum grim low deep in the throat guttural.
; ; ;

[Dan., atrocious, G. gram, vexation. See Grim.]

;

;
—
and having a root tuberous and pleasant to the taste; Grum'ly, adv. —
Grum'ble, -bl, v. t. [-bled (-bid),
also, the dwarf ginseng; also, a European plant, hav- -bling.J To murmur with discontent to growl,
—
;

ing an edible root of globular shape, and sweet, aro- snarl to rumble, roar. v. t. To express with
matic taste.
rooms of a building.
—
plan, n. Plan of the foundation or
— plate, n. (Arch.) One of the men.]
;

grumbling. [F. grommeler, G. grummelen, D. grom-

—
GrunVbler, n.
lower horizontal timbers of a building upon which Grume, groom, n. A
thick, viscid fluid; a clot, as of

sun, cube, full ; moon, ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; :

GRUNT 244 GDISE

blood. [OF., a bunch, cluster, grumeau, clot o± Guess, ges, v. [guessed (gest), -sing.] f o judge of
t.

blood, L. grumus, heap of earth.] Gru'mous, -mus, — at random; to form an opinion of, from reasons
a. Like or containing grume; thick; clotted. (Bot.) seemingly preponderating, but not decisive,- to con-
Clustered tubercular (roots). jecture rightly; to hit upon by accident
make
v. i. To —
— n. A conjecture;
Grunt, grunt, v. i. To make a deep guttural noise, a guess, think, suppose.
like a hog. n. — A
deep, guttural, or short, rough udgment without sufficient grounds. [Dan. gisse,
sound. [AS. grunan, Dan. gn/nte, L. grunnire. Gr. i" ). gissen, Ic. giska, to guess, fr. geta, AS. g'Aan, E.
gruzein, to grunt, gru, sound of a pig. See Growl.] get : prob., orig., to try to get.] Guess'er, n. —
— Grunt'er, n. Grunfling, n.— young hog. A Guest, gest, n. A
visitor; a lodger at a hotel, etc. [AS.
Gryphon. Same as Griffin. giest, gest, Ic. gestr, Sw., Dan., and G. gas*., L. hostis;
Guaiacum, gwa'ya-kum, n. A
genus of small, crooked s. rt. garlic, goad, gore, hostile.']
trees, of tropicrd Amer. balsamic resin of lignum-
;

— Guffaw, guf-faw', n. lcud burst of laughter ; a A

vitse, found in the W. Indies and Central Amer., horse-laugh. [Scot.]
used in med. [Sp. guayaco, fr. language of Hayti.] Guide, gid, v. t. To lead or direct, conduct in a course
Guano, gwa/no, n. Excrement of sea-fowls, used as — or path, pilot to regulate and manage, train, in-
;

manure. [Sp. guano, huano, Peruv. huanu, dung.] fluence. n. —

One who, or that which, etc.; a path-
Guarantee, gaKan-te', n. {Law.) A promise to an- finder conductor director regulator. (Mil.) A
; ; ;

swer for the payment of some debt, or performance non-commissioned officer, placed on the flank of a
of some duty, in case of the failure of another who rank or end of a line, to preserve proper position,
is primarily liable; a warranty; security; a guaran- distance, etc. [OF. guider, It. guidare, to guide;
tor; the person to whom a guaranty is made. v. t. — prob. s. rt. Moeso-Goth. witan, to watch, observe, AS.
'[guaranteed (-ted''), -teeing.] To engage for the witan, to know, wis, wise, wisa, leader.]
— Guid'able, —
payment of debt or performance of duty, by an- a. Guid'age, -ej, n. Reward given to a guide ;
other person; to make sure; warrant. Guar'anty, — guidance. —
Guid'ance, -ans, n. Act of guiding ; di-
-tT, n. —v. t. [-tied (-tid), -tying (-tT-ing).] Form rection government.
; Guide'-bars, -blocks, n. pi —
of Guarantee generally used by legal writers in (Much.) Pieces of metal on which the cross-head of
U. S. [OF. garrantie, garantie, fr. garant, gucirant, a steam - en
warant, warrant, q. v.]— Guar'antor', -t6r', n. (Law.)
One who makes or gives a guaranty; a warrantor;
surety; one who engages to secure another in any
right or possession.
Guard, giird, v. t. To protect from danger to secure ;

against surprise, attack, or injury to accompany ;

for protection to protect the edge of, esp. with an

;

—
ornamental border. v. i. To watch by way of
caution or defense; to be in a state of defense or
safety. —
n. That which guards or secures
man or body of men stationed to protect a person or
position, a watch, sentinel; or, one in charge of a
mail coach or a railroad train, conductor; or, an ex-
pression or admission to secure against objections
or censure any attachment to protect against in-
; pay; s. rt. yield.]
jury, defacement, or loss; as, part of a sword hilt
protecting the hand; or, ornamental lace or hem
protecting the edge of a garment; or, a chain or cord
fastening a timepiece to one's person; or, a fence to
post at the fork of a road, to direct trav'ers. Gui'» —
don, n. A small flag, as that carried by a military
guide, or used to signal at sea; naff of a guild or fra-
as, a ; ternity; one who carries a flag. [P.]
Guild, gild, n. An association of men, of the same
class or kindred pursuits, for mutual aid and pro-
tection. [D. gild, G. gilde, a guild, society, AS. and
Goth, gild, Ic. gildi, payment, tribute, AS. gildan, to
—
Guild'hall, -hawl, n. The hall
where a guild or corporation assemble.
Guile, gll, n. [OF.
Craft; artifice; duplieitv; deceit.
guile, guille ; s. rt. AS. wil, Ic. vel, E. wiie, q. v.] —
Guile'ful, -ful, a. Full of guile characterized Dy
—
;

prevent falling from the deck of a vessel; or, a cunning, deceit, or treachery. Guileless, a. Free
widening of the deck of a steamboat by a frame- from guile artless. Guile'lessness, n.
; —
work, whicb protects the water-wheel and the shaft Guillemot, gil'le-mot', n. marine diving bird, allied A
against collision. (Fencing.) posture of defense.A to the auks, found in
[OF. garder, guarder, warder, MHG. warden, to northern Europe,
watch s. rt. ward, q. v.] Guard'er, n. —
Guards- — Asia, and America.
able, a.
;

—
Guard'ant, a. (Her.) Having the face [F. W. chwilawg,
turned toward the spectator. Guard'edly, adv. In — ;

whirling.]
a guarded or cautious manner. Guard'edness, n. — Guilloche, gil-losh', n. ^~
— Guardian, -I-an, n. One who guards, preserves, (Arch.) An ornament
or secures a warden. (Law.) One who has the
; in the form of twisted
custody of the person or property of an infant, a bands. [F., fr. Quit-
Onilloche
irumocae.
minor without living parents, or a person incapable lot, the inventor.]
of managing his own affairs. a. Guarding; pro- — Guillotine, giKlo-ten', n. machine for beheading A
tecting. [OF. gardien ; same as warden.~\ Guard''- — by the stroke of a steel blade.
ianship, n. Office of a guardian. Guard'room, n. — — v. [guii/lotined'
*.

A room for the accommodation of guards. (-tend'), -tiningJ To be-

Guava, gwa'va, n. A
tropical tree, or its fruit, which head with, etc. [Inventor's
is made into jelly. [Sp. guayaba.] name.]
Gubernatorial, gu'ber-na-to'rl-al, a. Pert, to govern- Guilt, gilt. n. State resulting
ment, or a governor. [L. gubernator, governor, q. v.] from violation of law; crim-
Gudgeon, gucrjun, n. A
small fresh-water fish, easily inality and consequent ex-
caught a person
: p o s u r e to punishment; of-
easily cheated or fense against right ; expo-
insnared a bait : sure to legal penalty or for-
allurement. feiture. [AS. gylt, crime,
(Much.) The iron prob. orig. a fine, payment;
pin in the end of s. rt. gyld, gild, a recom-
a wooden shaft or Gudgeon. pense. See Guild.] —
axle, on which it Guilt'y, -T, a. [-ier,-iest.] Evincing guilt; criminali
turns in a collar or on a gudgeon-block; formerly, wicked. JAS. gyltig.] Guilfily, adv. Guilt'i- — —
the part of any horizontal shaft on which it runs. ness, n.— Guiltless, a. Free from guilt; without ex-
(Naut.) An eye or clamp on the stern-post to hang perience or trial.— Guilftessness, n.
the rudder on. [F. goujon, L. gobio, Gr. kobios.] Guinea, gin'e, n. An old gold coin of Eng., worth
Gueber, -bre, ge'ber, n. Fire- worshiper; follower of 21 shillings sterling, or about $5. [First coined of
Zoroaster; Parsee. [Per. ghebr, fr. Ar. kafr, infidel.] gold brought by the African Company f r. Guinea, in
Guerdon, gSr'don, n. A
reward requital recom- ; ; Africa, in 1695.] Guin'ea-fowl, -hen, n. — harsh- A
pense. [OF.; It. guirardone, LL. widerdonum, fr. voiced fowl allied to the pheasants, orig. fr. Africa.
OHG. loider (G. wieder), back, again, and L. donum, worm, n. A
long, parasitic worm of hot regions,
a gift OHG. widarlon, AS. widherlean, recom- burrowing in human cellular tissue, esp. of the legs.
;

pense; AS. lean E. loan.] = Guinea-pig, gin-'e-pig, n. small Brazilian rodent. A

Guerrilla, ger-riKla, n. An irregular warfare, by at- [Prob. corrupt, of Guiana-pig.]
tacks of independent bands one who carries on ir- ; Guise, giz, n. External appearance in manner or
regular or predatory warfare. [Sp., a skirmish, dress garb mien custom mode
; ; practice. [OF.;
; ; ;

dim. of guerra, F. guerre, E. loar, OHG. werra.] OHG. wisa, MHG., AS., and E. wise, q. v.]
am, fame, far, pass or ojiera, fare ; end, eve. term ; In, ice ; 6dd. t5ne, 6r
 GUITAR 245 GUTTA
Guitar, gi-tar', n. A stringed ence of firing guns. —
Gun'ning, n. Act or practice
musical instrument, resem- of hunting game with a gun. —
Gun'nel, Gun 'wale,
bling the violin, having 6 -net, n. (Naut.) The upper edge of a vessel's side;
strings, played upon with the uppermost wale of a ship.— Gun'powder, n. mix- A
fingers. [F. guitare, L. cithara, ture of saltpeter, sulphur, and charcoal pulverized,
Gr. kithara.] granulated, and dried.— Gun'reach, n. The distance
Gulch, gulch, n. Orig., a glut- to which a gun will shoot gunshot. Gun'shot, n.
;
—
ton; a ravine; deep ravine or (Mil.) The distance of the point-blank range of a
water-course. [Prob. same as cannon-shot; effective distance to which shot can be
gullet, gully.'] thrown from a gun. —
Gun'smith, n. One who
Gales, gfllz, n. (Her.} red A makes or repairs small arms; armorer. Gun-stock, —
color; red, —indicated in en- n. The stock or wood in 'which the barrel of a gun
graving by straight perpendicular is fixed. —
Gun'-boat, n. (Mil.) A boat or vessel of
lines. [F. gueules, LL. guise, pi. of light draught, fitted to carry guns. cot'ton, n. A
gula, F. guevle, the mouth, highly explosive substance obtained by soaking
Gullet.] cotton, etc., in nitric and sulphuric acids. -deck, n. —
Gulf, gulf, n. An abyss; deep chasm (Naut.) Lower deck of a ship where the gun-room
A
large bay ; main-deck of a frigate, etc., where guns are in
or basin. (Geog.)
open sea. [F. go\fe, orig. goulfe,
gulf, whirlpool, Sp., Pg., and It.
is ;

battery. —
met'al, n. An alloy of 9 parts of copper
and 1 of tin, used for cannon, etc. room, n. (Naut.)
golfo, gulf, bay. Late Gr. koljihos, An apartment on the after end of the lower gun-
fr. Gr. kolpos, bosom, lap, bay, Gules deck of a ship of war, occupied by the gunner or as
creek.] — Gulf Stream. warm A a mess-room by the lieutenants, etc.
current running from the G. of Mexico along the Gunnel, gun'nel, n. A
little spotted fish, found on the
shores of the U. S. into the N. E. Atlantic. Gulfy, — N. Atlantic shores.
-T, a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. Gunny, gun'nY, n. A
strong, coarse kind of sacking.
Gull, gul, n. ( Ornith.) A
web-footed sea-fowl, with [Hind. & Bengal, gon, a sack or bag for grain.]
long, narrow wings, and a straight beak hooked at Gunter's Chain, gun r t§rz-chan. The chain commonly
the tip. A trick; Fraud; one easily cheated; a dupe. used for measuring land, —
being 4 rods, or 66 feet,
— v. t. [gulled (guld), -ling.] To deeeive, cheat, long. —
G. -Scale. A
rule, 2 feet long, marked with
defraud. [Corn, gullan, W. gwylan. Armor, gwelan, graduated lines for solving questions in arithmetic,
a gull (bird), —
the other meaning fr. a false notion geometry, etc. [Fr. Edm. Gunter, the inventor.]
that the gull is a stupid bird.] —
Gul'lible, -lT-bl, a. Gurgle, gSr'gl, v. i. [-gled (-gld), -gling.] To run
Easily deceived. —
Gullibility, n. or flow in a broken, noisy current. n. Sound —
Gullet, guKlet, n. (Anat.) Tin: esophagus. Some- made by flowing liquid. [It. gorgogliare, to purl,
thing resembling the food-passage. [F. goulet, dim. bubble, boil, gorgoglio, a warbling, gurgling of a
of OF. goule, L. gula, the throat; s. rt. Skr. gal, to stream, fr. gorgo, L. gurges, a whirlpool, gurgulio,
eat.]— Gul'ly, -IT, n. A
channel worn in the earth the gullet; s. rt. gargle. See Gorge.]
ov a current of water; a ditch; gutter. v. t. [gul- — Gurnard, gSr'nard, -net, n. A
sea-fish, having a large
lied (-lid), -lying.] To wear into a gully. [Corrupt, and spiny head with
of gullet. \— Gulos'ity, -los'Y-tT, n. Greediness; vo- mailed cheeks, and
racity. [L. gulosus, gluttonous, fr. gula.] making a grunting
Gulp, gulp, v. t. [gulped (gulpt), gulping.] To swal- noise when caught. [F.
low eagerly, swallow up. n. —
swallow, or as A grognard, OF. grong-
much as is swallowed at once; a disgorging. [D. nard, lit. grunter, fr.
gulpen, to swallow, OD., to quaff, fr. gulp, a billow, grogner, L. grunnire, to
gulp; Dan. gulpe, to disgorge; perh. s. rt. gulf.] grunt, q. v.] Gurnard.
Gum, gum, n. The hard, fleshy substance covering Gush, gush, v. i. [gushed
the jaws and investing the teeth. [AS. goma, Ic. (gusht), gushing.] To flow copiously, rush forth as
gornr, the palate s. rt. Gr. chainein, to gape.]
;
— a fluid from confinement; to act with a sudden and
Gum'-boil, n. A boil or small abscess on the gum.
— rash, n. (Med.) A
cutaneous disease.
Gum, gum, n. A vegetable secretion of many trees
rapid impulse; to talk effusively, enthusiastically, or
affectedly.
closed place
n. —
Violent issue of a fluid from an in-
fluid thus emitted
; sentimentality. ;

and plants which hardens when it exudes, but is [Ic. gusa, gjosa, D. gudsen, to gush, spirt; s. rt. L.
soluble in water; also, with less propriety, exuda- haurire, to draw water, spill, Gr. cheein, to pour,
tions not soluble in water, —v. t. [gummed (gumd), also ~L.fundere, to pour, IE., fuse, geyser, gut.] Gust, —
-ming.] To smear with, or unite or stiffen by gum. n. A
sudden blast of wind ; burst of passion. [Ic.
— v.i. To harden into gum, become gummy. [F. gvstr, gjosta, Sw. dial, gust.] —
Gusfy, -I, a. Sub-
gomme, L. gummi, Gr. kommi.] Gum arabic. — A ject to, or attended by, gusts; tempestuous.
gum from trees of several species of the genus Acn- Gusset, gus'set, n. A
piece of cloth inserted in a gar-
cia.— G. elastic. Caoutchouc or India rubber. G. — ment, to strengthen or enlarge some part. [F. goua-
lac. See Lac— G. Senegal. A
gum resembling gum set, dim. of gousse. It. guscio, the pod of a pea.]
arabic, from the River Senegal, in Africa.— G. trag- Gust, ii. A
squall. See under Gush.
acanth. See Tragacanth.— Gum'my, -mY, -mous, Gust, gust, Gus'to, n. The sense or pleasure of tast-
-mus, a. [-MiER, -miest.] Consisting of, producing, ing; keen appreciation relish capacity for enjoy-
or covered with, gum viscous adhesive.
; Gum'- — ;

ment; taste. [It. and Sp. gusto, F. gout, L. gustus, a

;

—
;

miiies8, n. Gummif erous, -Sr-us, a. Producing tasting, taste, gustare, Gr. geuein, to taste; Skr. jush,
—
gum. [Jj.ferre, to bear.] Gum'-res'in, -rezln, n. to enjoy ; s. rt. choose, disgust.] — Gusfatory, -to-rt,
The milky juice of a plant solidified by exposure to a. Pert, to taste.
air; an inspissated sap; a combination of true gum Gut, gut, n. The intestinal canal of an animal a ;

and resin, requiring both water and alcohol to en- string made from an intestine; a narrow passage or
tirelv dissolve it. —
tree. n. (Bot.) The black gum,
of the southern U. S.; a large Australian tree. In
channel of water, pi. The whole mass of intestines.
— v. t. To take out the bowels from, eviscerate; to
the southern U. S., a hollow tree. destroy the interior of. (AS., orig a channel, OD.
Sumbo, guni 'bo, n. Okra a dish composed of okra,
/
; gate, a channel: s. rt. gush, q. v. not s. rt. gutter.] ;

tomatoes, and a little mustard together. Gutta, gut'ta, n. ; pi. -tje, -te. A
drop. (Arch.) One
iurap, gump, n. A
foolish person; dolt; dunce. [Sw. of a series of ornaments,
and Dan., buttocks, rump.] shaped like a frustum of
umption, gump'shun, n. Capacity shrewdness ; ; a cone, beneath the tri-
common sense. (Paint.) Art of preparing colors; glyphs, also the mutules,
magilp, q. v. [AS. geomian, to take care of.] in the Doric order. [L., a
tan, "gun, n. Any weapon having a long barrel from drop.] —
Gut'ta Sere'na, /-„+*€= Witt*.
which missiles are thrown by the power of gun- -na. (Med.) Blindness oc-
powder, compressed air, etc. (Mil.) A cannon casioned by a palsied retina or optic nerve amau-
howitzers, etc. — v.
;

proper, as distinguished from i. rosis. [L., serene or clear drop.] Gufter, n. — A

gunned (gund), -NING.] To practice fowling or channel for conveying away rain from a roof, also
tlunting small game. [W. gum, bowl, later gun, Ir. at the road side, etc. v. t. —
[guttered (-terd),
and G-.i.gunna, gun, orig. applied to a catapult, perh. -terixg.] To form into small, longitudinal hollows
f r. the howl holding the missile.] Gun'ner, n. One — or channels. ? i. —
To become hollowed or chan-
1
,

who works a gun; a naval warrant officer, in charge neled. [OF. gutiere, f r. gate, goute, L. gutta.] Gut'- —
of the ordnance.— Gun'nery, -ner-Y, n. Art and sci- tiform, a. Drop-shaped. [L. forma, shape.]

stin, cube, full ; moon, f6t>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;; ;

GUTTA-PERCHA 246 HACK

Gutta-percha, gntla-pgr'cha, n. An inelastic inspis- rule.] — Gyn'ecoKogy, -ji, n.
(Med.) Science of the
sated sap from trees of the Malayan archipelago, re- nature and diseases of women. [Gr. logos, dis-
sembling caoutchouc in its properties. [Malay, course.]
gatah (spelled gutta, fr. confusion with L. gutta, a Gypsum, jip'sum, n. (Min.) A
mineral consisting of
drop), gum, and percha^.name of the tree.] sulphate of lime and 21 per cent, of water: when
Guttural, gutler-al, a. Pert, to, or formed in, the burnt to drive off the water, and ground up, it forms
throat. — A letter pronounced in the throat. [F.
n. plaster of Paris. [L.; Gr. gupsos, chalk. Per. jabsin,
L. gutturalis, guttur, the throat prob.
fr. gutta, s. rt. lime, Ar. jibs, plaster, mortar.] —
Gyp'seous, -se-us,
a drop.] — Gut'turally, adv.— Gufturalness, n. —
;

a. Like or containing gypsum. Gypsog'raphy,

Guy, gi, A
rope or rod attached to anything to
n. -sog'ra-f i, n. Act or art of engraving upon, etc. [Gr.
steady TSp. guia, a guy, also a leader, fr. guiar,
it. graphein, to write.]
F. guii/er, E. guide, q. v.] Gypsy, Gipsy, Gypsey, jip'si, n. ; pi. -sies, -siz. One
Guy, gi, n. A
grotesque effigy of Guy Fawkes, dressed of a vagabond race, orig. fr. India, living by theft,
up in Eng., on Nov. 5th, anniversary of the Gunpow- fortune-telling, tinkering, etc.; a cunning or crafty
der Plot; a person of queer dress or appearance. person. [Corrupt, of Egyptian, fr. an idea that they
Guzzle, guz'zl, v. i. [-zled (-zld), -zling.] To swal- came from Egypt.]
low liquor greedily, drink frequently. v. t. To — Gyrus, jilus, n. ; pi. -ki, -ri. (Anat.) convolutionA
swallow much or often. —
n. An insatiable thing or of the brain. [L.; Gr. guros, a ring, circle, also (adj.)
person. [OF. gouziller, to gulp, swallow; s. rt. F. round; L. gyrare, -ratum, to turn round.] —Gyre,
gosier, throat.] Guz'zler, n. — jir, n. A circular motion, or circle described bv a
Gybe, jib, v. t. & i. [gybed (jibd), gybing.] (Naut.) —
moving body. Gy'ral, a. Moving in a circular
To shift from one side of a vessel to the other. path; whirling; gyratory. (Med.) Pert, to a gyrus.
Gymnasium, jim-na'zT-um, n. ; pi. -sia, -zi-a. place A — Gy'rate, -rat, v. i. 1 o revolve round a central
for athletic exercises; school for the higher branches point, move spirally. —
Gyra'tion, n. Act of turn-
of literature and science. [L.; Gr. gumnasion, fr. ing or whirling around a fixed center; a circular or
gumnazein, to exercise, fr. gumnos, naked.] Gym'- — spiral motion; rotation.— Gy'ratory, -to-rT, a. Mov-
nast, n. One who
teaches or practices gymnastic ex- ing in a circle, or spirally.— Gyrlalcon, jerlaw-kn,
ercises; manager
of a gymnasium. Gymnaslic, — n. A falcon from the far north, bolder and stron-
-tical, a. Pert, to, etc. Gymnaslically, adv. — — ger than the peregrine or common European falcon.
Gymnas'tic, n. Athletic exercise one who practices [OF. gerfault, It. gerfalco, LL. gerofalco, gyrofalco,
—
;

or teaches, etc. Gymnastics, n. Athletic exer- a falcon (falco) which circles before descending on
cises, or the art of performing, etc.— Gymnos'ophist, its prey; prob. not fr.G. geier, a vulture, fr. L.gyrare.]
-o-fist, n. One of a sect of E. Indian philosophers — GyT'omancy, jir'o-man'si, n. A
kind of divination
who went almost naked. [Gr. gumnosophistes ; so- performed by walking in or around a circle. [Gr.
phistes, philosopher.] —
Gym'nosperm, -no-sperm, n. manteia, divination.]— Gyloscope, -skop, n. A rota-
(Bot.) A
plant that bears naked seeds, as the com- ting wheel mounted in a ring or rings, illustrating
mon pine and hemlock. [Gr. sperma, seed.] Gym- — the dynamics of rotating bodies, composition of ro-
no'tus, n. The S. Amer. electrical eel. [Gr. notos, tations, etc. [Gr. skopein, to view.]
the back.] Gyve, jlv, n. A
shackle, esp. one to confine the legs;
Gynarchy, jin'ar-kT, n. Government by a woman.
[Gr. gune, woman, and archein, to rule.] Gyn'eoc'- — chain. [W. gefyn, Ga. and Ir. geimheal, fetter,
racy, -e-okla-sl, n. Gynarchy. [Gr. kratein, to chain, Ir. geibhaim, Ga. gabh, to take, receive.]

H.
H, ach, the 8th letter of the Eng. alphabet, commonly ident. £F., fr. habiter, L. habitare.'] —
Habitable, a.
classed as a consonant, is a mere breathing, aspira- [F.: L. habitabilis.]—Habltableness, -ability, -tT, n.
ting a following vowel. (Mus.) The 7th degree in — Habltancy, -an-st, n. Same as Inhabitancy. —
the diatonic scale, used by Germans for B natural. Habita'tion, n. Act of inhabiting state of dwel- ;

Ha, ha, inter). An exclamation of surprise, joy, or ling; place of abode; mansion; residence. (Bot.) A
grief. [MflG.; G. he; MEG. and OFries. haha, de- habitat. [F.] —
Habit'uai, «u-al, a. Formed or ac-
noting laughter.] quired by, or according to, habit rendered per-
Eabeas Corpus, ha'be-as-kfir'pus. (Law.) writ to A manent bv continued causes. [OF.] Habit'ually,
;

—
bring a party before a court or judge esp., one to adv. — Habit'uate, v. t. To make accustomed, ac-
inquire into the cause of a person's imprisonment
;

custom familiarize. —
Habit'ua'tion, n. Act of,
or detention by another, to protect the right to per-
;

or state of being, etc. —

sonal liberty. [L., you may have the body.]
Haberdasher, hab'Sr-dasb/er, n. seller of small
wares, such as tapes, pins, needles, thread, etc.
Habitude, -tfld, n. Fre-
quent repetition of an act or feeling, and its result-
A ing consequence customary manner or mode of
;

living, feeling, or acting. [F.; L. habitudo.] Ha- —

[OF., fr. Ic. hapurtask, prob. peddler's wares, fr. bitue, a-bit'oo-a', n. One habituated to a certain
haprtask, pack, haversack, q. v.j Hab'erdaBb/ery, — place, employment, etc. ; a frequenter. [F.]
-Sr-i, n. Goods sold by, etc. [OF. haberdashrie.] Hacienda, a/the-en'da, n. An estate for stock-raising;
Haberdine, hab-er-den' or hab'er-din, n. dried A farm. [Sp., employment, estate, fr. L. faciendum^
salt cod. [Prob. corrupt, fr. Aberdeen-fish.'] -da, what is to be done, fr. facere, to do.]
Habergeon, ha-ber^je-un, n. Defensive armor from Hack, hak, v. t. [hacked (hakt), hacking.] To cut
neck to middle, formed of iron meshes. [OF. hauber- irregularly and awkwardly, notch ; to speak with
gon, dim. of hauberc. See Hauberk.] stops or hesitation. v. i. —
To cough in a broken
Habiliment, ha-bil'i-ment, n. A garment ; clothing. manner, hawk. n. — A
notch ; cut ; hesitating or
[F. habillement, f r. habiller, to dress? get ready, fr. ha- faltering speech. [D. hakken, to hew, Sw. hacka,
bile, ready, L. habilis, fit. See Able and Habit.] to chop, ONorthumb. hackande, troublesome; s. rt.
Habit, habit, n. The usual condition of a person or hash.]—Hag'gess, -ges, -gis, n. A
pudding contain-
thing ordinary state esp. physical temperament ing parts of a sheep, with herbs. [Scot., f r. hag E. =
;

fixed custom
;

involuntary tendency or aptitude

;
—
hew ; D. haksel, minced meat.] Hag'gle, v. t. [-gled
to perform certain actions, acquired by their fre- (-gld), -glixg.] To cut into small pieces; to roughen
quent repetition ; manner ; way ; custom ;moral by cutting; to tease, worry.— v. i. To be difficult in
character attire dress habiliment a garment, bargaining, chaffer, higgle. [Freq. of Scot, hag ; D.
; ;

esp. a closely fitting coat worn by ladies.

;

v. t. To
;

— hakkelen, to mangle, stammer, hakketeren, to wran-

—
dress, clothe, array. [OF. L. habitus, a garment, ; gle, cavil, fr.hakken.] Hag'gler, n. One who, etc.;
also a habit, custom, fr. L. habere, habitum, to have, one who forestalls a market.— Hig'gle, v. t. [-gled
keep 8. rt. exhibit, inhabit, prohibit, able, dishabille, (-gld),-gling.] To carry provisions about for sale
;

debt,binnacle, malady; not s. rt.have.]— Habitat, n. to chaffer. —

Hig'gler, n.
(Nat. Hist.) The natural abode of a plant or animal. Hack, hak, n. A
horse, or carriage, let out for com-
[L., 3d pers. sing, of habitare, to dwell, freq. of ha- mon hire; a family horse used in all kinds of work;
bere A — Habitant, n. An
inhabitant ; dweller ; res- a man who hires himself out for literary work a ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; Cnd, term ; tn, Ice ; 5dd. tone. 8r
 HACKBERR7 247 HALLELUJAH
drudge a large pick for working stone a rack for Hair'-breadth, n. The diameter or breadth of a hair;
;

feeding cattle; a frame for drying fish, or cheeses: a

:

a very small distance, —a. Very narrow. -brush, —

place where bricks are dried before burning the : n. A brush for smoothing the hair. -cloth, «. —
wooden frame in the tailrace of a mill. —a. Haek-
neved; hired; mercenary. [Abbr. of hackney.]
Haick'ney, -nt, n. ; pi. -neys, -niz. A hack; nag;
— Stuff made wholly, or in part, of hair.
n. One who dresses or cuts hair.
dresser,
line, -stroke, n.
A slender line in a letter or in drawing. -trig'ger,
— —
An easily moved secondary trigger in some gua
ponv one worn by hired drudgery a hireling
;

pros'titute.
used; common
—
a. Let out for hire prostitute; much
; trite. — v. t.
;

[hackneyed
;

(-nid),
n.
locks, which unlocks the hair.
in dressing the hair.
pin, n.
— pin used
spring, n. The fine steel re-
— A
-xeying.] To devote to common use, as a horse or coil-spring of a watch-balance.
coach; to make trite or commonplace. [OF. haquenee, Hake, hak, n. A
sea-fish of
OD. hackeneye, prob. fr. hakken, to chop (see Hack, the cod family, having
r. (.), to jolt, and negge, a nag.] Hack'ney-coach, — only 2 dorsal fins. [Xor-
n. A coach kept for hire; a hack. weg. hakefish, lit. hook-
Hackberry, hak'bgr-ri, n. An Amer. tree, resembling fish, fr. hake, Ic. haki, aaKe -

an elm, bearing a small edible fruit. hook; AS. hacod.]

Hackle, hak'l, Heckle, Hatch'el, hachl, v. t. [-led Halberd, hol'berd, -bert. n. An ancient weapon,
(-Id), -lino.] To separate, as the coarse part of flax combination of battle-ax, spear, and
or hemp from the fine, by drawing it through the bill-hook, with a handle 6 ft. long.
teeth of a hackle or hatchel; to tear rudely asunder. [OF. haleharde, MHG.
helmbarte,
— a. An instrument with teeth for separating prop, long-handled ax, f r. halm, helve,
(coarse flax from fine) ; any flimsy substance nn- handle, and OHG. parta, broad ax.] —
spun, as raw silk; a fly for angling. [D. hekel, dim. Hal'berdier' -er r n. One carrving, etc.
—
,

of haak, hook.] Hatch'eler, n. Halcyon, haKsT-on, n. The king-fisher.

Hackmatack, hak'ma-tak, n. The black larch or — a. Pert, to, or like the halcyon,
tamarack tree. [Of Indian origin.] which was said to lay her eggs near
Had. See Have. the sea during the calm weather about
Haddock, had'dok, n. A sea-fish smaller than the cod, the winter solstice calm peaceful ; ;

which it resembles. [Cf. undisturbed; happy. [L. halcyon, al-

Ga. alag, OF. hadot, a cyon, Gr. alkuon, halkuon.]
haddock. Gr. gados, a cod, <
Hale, hal, a. Sound; healthy. See un-
AS. hacod. See Hake.] der Hail, interj.
Hades, ha'dez, n. The hab- Hale, hal or hawl, v. t. [haled (hald or
itation of the dead. [Gr. Haddock. hawld), haxhtg.1 To drag, haul. [F. Halberd.
Hades, Haides, perh. fr. o priv. and idem, to see.] haler, to haul, OHG. halon, to fetch; same as haul.]
HasmaL etc. See Hemal. Half, haf, n. ; pi. Halves, havz. One of 2 equal parts
Haft, haft, n. A handle (of a knife, sword, etc.) : i
of a thing. —a. Consisting of a moiety, or half .

hilt. [AS. hseft; s. rt. AS. habban, Ic. hafa, L. ca- adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree. [AS.
pere, E. have.'] healf, D. and Sw. half.] — To go halves. To have an
Hag, hag, n. An ugly old woman; a fury she-mon- ; equal share. —Halve, hav, v. t. [halved (havd),
ster; a witch; sorceress. [AS. hcegtesse, MHG. hacke, halving.] To divide into 2 equal parts. Half- —
a witch, perh. fr. AS. haga, MHG. hag, a hedge.] — A
mixture of beer or porter and ale.
Hag'gish, a. Like a hag ugly horrid. Hag'- ; ; —
'

;
—
and-half', n.
bind'ing, n. A
style of book-binding in which
the backs and corners are in leather, and the sides
ship. n. State or title of, etc.— Hag'gard, a. Ap-
pearing wasted by want; thin; hollow-eved.
Haggard, hag'gard, a. Wild or intractable. n. An! —
in paper or cloth. blood, n. —
Relation between
persons born of the same father or of the same
untrained or refractory hawk anything wild or in-
tractable. [OF. hagard, wild, strange, orig. livin
;
|
mother, but not of both. —
blood'ed, a. Proceeding
from a male and female of different breeds or races;
in a hedse, fr. MHG. hag. See Hag degenerate ; mean. breed, n. person who is A
Haggess, Haggle, etc. See under Hack, v. t. half-blooded esp. the offspring of Indians and
Hagiographa, hag-l-og'ra-fa, n. pi. That part of the
Old Testament not embraced by the Law and the
whites.
only.
—
brotb/er, n.
sis'ter, n.
;

brother by one parent

caste, n. One born of a Hin-
A
Prophet6 the lives of the saints. [Gr., fr. hagios,
; doo parent on the one side, and of a European on
holy (s. rt. 8kr. yaj, to worship), and graphein, to the other. cock, n. The position of the cock of a
write.] —
Hagiog'raphal, -fal, a. Pert, to the hagi-
ographa. or to sacred writinss. Hagiog'rapher, n. —
gun when retained by the first notch. heart'ed, a.
Wanting in true affection; illiberal: lacking interest;
—
—
A sacred writer. Hagiog'faphy, -ft, n. Same as lukewarm. moon, n. The moon wheH half its
—
Hagiogf.apha. Hagiol'ogy, -jT, n. A narrative of disk appears illuminated anything shaped like a :

the lives of the saints. [Gr. logos, speech.] half-moon. (Fort.) An outwork composed of 2
Haguebut. hag'but or hag'e-but. See Arquebttse. faces, forming a salient angle. note, n. (Mus.)
Hah. interj. Same as Ha. A minim, in value
Ha-ha, ha-ha', n. A fence, wall, or ditch sunk in a one half of a semi-
slope so as not to be seen until one is close upon it. breve, or whole note, T*-
[Reduplication of haw, a hedge. See Haw.] and represented thus: ±=z=fc
Haik. hak. n, A piece of cloth worn by Arabs over
the tunic. [Ar. haik, fr. haka, to weave.]
—
amount
pay, n. Half the
of wages or
s. 22:
Hail, hal, n. Frozen rain, or grains of ice precipi- salary more common-
tated from the clouds, —v. i. [hailed (hald), hail-
ing.] To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapor.
ly,
;

diminished or reduced pay. penny, haf'pen-nt,

Hap^pen-nT, or ha.'pe-n-nX,n.pl.; Half-pence, haf'-.
—
— To pour down, as hail. [AS. hagal, D., An Enslish coin worth 1 cent the value of half a
r. t.
Dan., Sw., and G. hagel; s. rt. Gr. fcachlax, a peb-
ble.]— Hail'stone, n. pellet of hail. A
Hail 'y, -T, —
penny. —
step. n. (JIus.) A semitone.
-ton. A middle tint, neither very dark nor very
tone,
;

—
light, in a painting, engraving, photograph, etc.; a
a. Full or consisting
Hail, hal, interj. An
A wish of health; a salutation. — v.
of, etc.
exclamation of salutation. — n. photo-ensraving having such tints. way. adv. In —
at a distance ;
t. To call to one
to salute to name, address. In the
;

phrase, to hail from, to assign as a ship's port of reg-

tially. —
a. Midway.
lect;" silly; foolish. —
—
the middle; at half the distance; imperfectlv; par-
witted, a. Weak in intel-
-yearly, a. Two in a year.
istry, or the place whence one comes or to which adv. Twice in a vear: semi-annually.
one" belongs. [Ic. heiU, hale, whole, in go«d health. Halibnt. hol'I-but," n. A
large, edible flat-fish, dark
heUsa. to say nail to, to greet.] HaiK-fe'llow, n. — above and white beneath. [D. heilhoi. fr. heilig, holy,
—
An intimate companion.— Hale, a. Sound: healthv: and bot, a plaice, one to be eaten on holidays.]
robust. [AS. hal; s. rt. Ic. heiU, E. whole, health.] Hall, hawl, a. A
building or large room devoted to
Hair, bar. n. A
small animal filament growing from public business or domestic convenience ; a pas-
the skin, or a mass of such. (Bot.) filament'on the A sage-way at the entrance cf a house or suite of cham-
surface of plants. (Mech.) A
secondary sprins in some bers a manor-house a larze edifice belonging to a
; :

rifle or pistol loeks, to unlock the tunibler. [AS. hser, collegiate institution; a place of public assembly a
—
D. and Dan. haar.] To split hairs. To make distinc- college in an English university. [AS. heall, iorhal,
;

tions of useless nicety. .iVof tcorth a h. — Of no

— fr. helan, to conceal, cover: s. rt. cell,!,, cella, fr. ce-
value. —
To a h. With the nicest distinction. tare, to conceal not s. rt. L. anla, a hall.]
;

Hair'y. -T, a. Made of, covered with, or like, etc— Hallelniah. -jah. halie-hi'ya, AHelu'iali, n. & interj.
Hair'inesB, n. —
Hairless, a. Without hair. — Praise ye Jehovah, —
an exclamation used in songs

sun, cube, full ; moon, foot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boxi*o>~, chair, get.
 ; ; —

HALLOO 248 HAND

of praise and in thanksgiving to God. [Heb. ha- !
Hammock, ham'mek. n. A netting or cloth suspended
lelujah ; halal, to praise, jah, contr. of Jehovah.'] by clews, to hold a bed
Halloo, hal-loo', v. i. [-looed (-lood'). -looing.] To etc. [Sp. hamaca,
cry out, call to by name, or by the word halloo.— v. t. Indian origin.]
To eneourage with shouts, chase with shouts, call or Hamose, ha-mos', Ha'
shout to. — re. A call to invite attention. interj. — mous, -mus, a. (Hot.)
Ho, there ! ho ! — an exclamation to call attention Having the end hooked
or to encourage one. [Prob. AS. interj. eala ; ea = or curved. [L. hatnus,
E. ah ! ; la =
E. lo /] hook.] Hammock.
Hallow, hal'lo, v. t. [-lowed (-lod), -lowing.] To Hamper, ham 'per, re. A
make holy, consecrate, treat as sacred. [AS. hal- large basket for conveying things to market, etc.
gian, halig, holy, q. v.]
fr. —
HalToween', -en', re. [Contr. f r. hanaper.] Hari'aper, -a-per, re. — bas- A
The evening preceding All Saints' day. Hallow- — ket, usually of wicker-work; a basket, in the early
mas, re. The feast of All Souls, All Saints, or All Eng. treasury, to receive fees due the king; hence,
Hallows. [ME. halowe, halwe, a saint, fr. AS. halig, the exchequer; a basket in the Hanaper Office of the
and mass, q. v.] Court of Chancery to hold writs regarding the pub-
Hallucination, hal-lu'st-na'shun, re. Error; delusion; lic. [LL. hanaperium, a receptacle for cups, fr. OF.
mistake ; an illusion of sensible perception, occa- hanap, OHG. hnapf, D. nap, a cup.]
sioned by some bodily or organic disorder or affec- Hamper, ham^per, re. An instrument that shackles; a
tion. [L. hallucinatio, fr. hallucinari, or alucinari, fetter. — v. t. [hampered (-perd), -pering.] To
to wander in mind, dream.] put a fetter on, shackle, eneumber. [ME. hamperen,
Halo, ha'lo, re. ; pi. Ha'los, -loz. circle of light; inA fr. AS. hamelian, Ic. hamla, to mutilate, maim.]
painting, a glory ; a luminous circle round the sun Hamster, ham'stfer, n. A species of short-*ailed rat,
or moon. —
v. t. or i. [haloed (-lod), haloing.] having cheek pouches, which stores grain, etc., in
To form, or surround with, a halo. [L. and Gr. its burrow. [OHG. hdmistro, hdmastro.]
halos } a round threshing floor, Gr. aleein, to grind, Hand, hand, re. The outer extremity of the human
eleuein, to wind, curve; s. rt. L. volvere, to roll, Skr. arm, consisting of the palm, thumb, and fingers;
valaya, a circle.] —Hagioscope, -skop, re. An in- that which resembles a hand, as, a limb of certain
strument for exhibition, illustration, or explanation animals, or an index or pointer of a dial; a measure
of the phenomena of halos, parhelia, and the like. of the hand's breadth; 4 inches; a palm, applied —
[Gr. skopein, to view.] to the measurement of a horse's height; side; part;
Haloid, haloid, a. ( Chem.) Resembling a salt, ap- — direction; power of performance; skill; actual per-
plied to binary compounds, such as chloride of so- formance; deed; act; an agent, servant, or laborer;
dium, or common salt. [Gr. hals, halos, salt, and style of handwriting chirography possession ;
; ;

eirtos, form.] ownership; course of performance or execution;

Halser, haws'er. Saim as Hawser. agency in the transmission from one person to an-
Halt, hawlt, v. i. To stop in walking or marching other; that which is held in a hand at once. v. t. —
to step lamely, limp; to nesitate to liavean irregu- To give, transmit, lead, guide, or lift, with the
lar rhythm. —
v. t. (Mil.) To cause to cease march-
;

hand. [AS., D., Ic, Sw., and G.; s. rt. Goth, hin-
ing to stop.
; —
a. Halting in walking lame. re. — than, to seize.] —
At or on all hands. From those in
A stop in marching act of limping ; lameness.
;

; every direction; by all parties. At hand. Near in —

[ME., Dan., and Sw.; AS. healt, lame, AS. healtian, time or place. —By h. With the hands, disting. fr.
to halt.] —
Halt'er, n. instrumentality of tools, engines, or animals. —From
Halter, hawl'ter, re. A
strong strap or cord esp. a ; h. to h. From one person to another. H. in h. In —
strap and headstall for a horse a rope for hanging union ; conjointly; unitedly. H. over h. By pass- —
malefactors. —
v. t. [haltered (-terd), -tering.]
;

ing the hands alternately one before or above an-

To put a halter on. [AS. healfter; perh. s. rt. Skr. other. —H. to h. In close union; close in fight.
kal, to drive.] H. to mouth. Precariously from day to day. ;
—
Halve. See under Half. Laying on of hands. A
form used in consecrating to
Halyard, Halliard, haKyard. re. (Namt.) rope or A office and in blessing persons. Offhand. Without —
tackle for hoisting or lowering yards, sails, flags, etc. delay, hesitation, or difficulty. Off one's h. Out of —
[Contr. of hale-yard. See Hale, v. ?.] one's possession or care. —
On h. In present posses-
Ham, ham, re. The inner or hind part of the knee; sion. — To bear a h. (Naut.) To give help quickly;
the thigh of any animal, esp. that of a hog cured by hasten. —
To be h. and glove. To be intimate and
salting and smoking. [AS. hamm, Sw. dial, and D. familiar, as friends or associates. To be on the —
ham; s. rt. L. camurus, W. cam, bent, It. gamha, F. mending h. To be convalescent or improving. To —
jambe, leg, E. chamber, gambol, gammon.] Ham'- — change hands. To change sides, or change owners.
shack'le, v. t. To fasten by a rope binding the head — To come to hand. To be received. To have a h. —
to one of the fore legs; to bind, restrain.— Ham r - in. To be concerned in. To have in h. To under- —
string, re. One of the tendons of the leg.— v. t. [ham- take, be engaged upon. —
To lend a h. To give as-
strung or -stringed (-stringd), -stringing.] To sistance. —
To put the h. to, or lay h. on. To seize.
lame or disable by cutting the tendons, etc. — To strike hands. To make a contract, or to be-
Hamadryad, ham /'a-dri/ ad, re. ; E. pi. -ads, -adz, L. come surety for another's debt or good behavior. —
pi. -ades, -a-dez. A wood-nymph, feigned to live To take in h. To attempt, undertake; to seize and
and die with her special tree. [Gr. Hamadruades, deal with. —
To wash the h. To profess innocence.
fr. hama, together or coexistent with, and drus, tree.] — Under the hand of. Authenticated by the hand-
Hames, hamz, re. pi. The curved pieces fastening a writing or signature of. Handler, n. One who —
horse's traces and harness to the collar. [Perh. s. rt. —
hands or transmits. Hand'y, -I, a. [-ier, -iest.]
OHG. ham, W. cam, curved. See Ham.] Skillful in using the hand; dexterous; adroit; ready
Hamite, ham'it, -it'ic, a. Pert, to Ham or his descend- to the hand; convenient. Hand'ily, adv. —
Hamv- —
ants; esp. to a group of peoples and languages of N. iness, «. —
Hand'bill, re. A loose printed sheet, cir-
E. Africa. culated for some public announcement. Hand'- —
Hamlet, hamlet, re. A small village; little cluster of Cttff, re. A fastening consisting of a ring around the
houses in the country. [OF. hainel; s. rt. OFries. wrist, usually connected by a chain with one on the
and AS. ham —
E. home, q. v.] other wrist; a manacle, v. t. [handcuffed (-kuft), —
Hammer, harn'mgr, re. An instrument for driving -cuffing.] To put handcuffs on to manacle. ;
—
nails, beating metals, etc.; something of like form Hand'fast, a. Stout; steadfast.— re. Hold; custody;
or action, as the striker of a clock, gun lock, etc. — in Scot., formerly, marriage for a year and a day.
v. t. [hammered (-merd), -merino.] To beat, form, — Hand'ful, -ful, re. pi. -fuls. As much as the
,•

or forge with a hammer; to contrive by intellectual hand will contain; a small quantity or number.
labor, — v. i. To be busy; to be working or in agita- Hand ' maid, -maiden, re. A maid that waits at hand;
1

tion. [Dan. and G.; AS. hamor.] Ham'merer, re.
— Ham'mer-hard'en, v. t. To harden (metal) by
hammering in the cold state. Ham'mer-head, re.
(Ichth.) A shark, having the eyes set on projections
from .the sides of the head, which gives it a hammer
shape.
Hammer-cloth, ham'me'r-kloth, n. The cloth covering
— a female servant. —
Hand'saw, re. A saw used with
the hand. —
fiand'spike, re. A bar, used as a lever.
— — Hand'spring, re. A
spring in which one places
his hands on the ground, turns a somersault, and
alights on his feet. —
Hand'writ'ing, re. The form
of writing peculiar to each hand or person; chirog-
raphy what is written by hand manuscript.
; ;

a coach-box. [Orig. hamer-cloth, fr. D. hemel, Sw., Hand'-bar'row, vehicle borne by men's hands,
.

A
Dan., and G. Aimmel, heaven, also a tester, cover-
ing, AS. hama, a covering.]
without a wheel
the hand. —
book, re.
bell, re. small bell rung by
A
small book of reference

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; fend, eve, term ; Tb, Ice ; Sdd, tone, 6r
 HANG 249 HARD
manual. —
breadth, n. A space equal to the breadth
of the hand; a palm. ——
gallop, n. A slow gallop,
fr. hanga, to hang Sw. hank, a string, tie-band. \
—
Hank'er, v. i. [-ered (-Srd), -erino.] To de-
;

restrained by the hand. -or'gan, n. A portable sire vehemently. [L>. hunkeren, OD. hengelen, to
organ, played by a cylinder set with pins, turned by hanker after, fr. D. nangen.]
the hand. —
rail, n.
way, locomotive, etc.
A rail to hold by, as of a stair- Hap, hap, n. That which happens or comes suddenly
—
Handicap, n. A race in or unexpectedly; chance; fortune: accident; casual
which the horses carry different weights, according event; fate; — [happed (hapt), -ping.] To
lot. v. i.

to their age and character for speed, etc., to equalize happen, befall, come by chance. [Ic. happ.) — Hap'-
the chances as much as possible; an allowance of a adv. By hap, chance, or accident; perhaps.
ly, -IT,
certain amount of time or distance in starting, — Hapless, a. "Without hap or luck; unfortunate;
granted in a race to the competitor possessing in- unhappy.— Hap'-haz'ard, n. Extra hazard; chance;
ferior advantages. v. t. —
To encumber with a accident. — Hap'pen, -pn, v. [-pened (-pnd), i.

handicap; to hamper. [Fr. hand V cap, prob. fr.
—
drawing lots from a cap.] Handicraft, n. Manual
occupation; work performed by the hand.— Hand-
icraftsman, n. ; pi. -men. A
man skilled in manual
occupation ; manufacturer.
a Handiwork, n.
— —
-pening.] To come by chance, fall out; to take
place, occur. — To happen on. To meet with, fall
or light upon. — Hap'py, -pT, a. [-pier, -piest.]
Favored by hap, luck, or fortune successful; en-
joying good; delighted satisfied; secure of good; ;
;

Work done br [AS. handgeweorc]

the hands. prosperous blessed furnishing enjoyment pro-
Handkerchief, hank'er-chif, n. A cloth, for wip- pitious favorable.
;

—
;

Hap'pily, -pl-ll, adv. By

;

ing the face, etc. a neckerchief

; neckcloth. ;
— ;

good fortune; in a happy manner, state, or circum-

Handle, -1, v. t. [-led (-Id), -ling.] To touch; to stances with address or dexterity; luckily; suc-
;

use or hold with the hand; to manage or wield; to cessfully; felicitously; gracefully. Hap'piness.n. —
make familiar by frequent touching; to deal with, Hara-kiri, ha'ra-ke'rT, n. A Japanese method of sui-
practice; to treat; to practice on, transact with; to cide by cutting open the stomach. [Incorrectly
discourse on, discuss. —
n. That part of a vessel or written hari-kari.'] [Jap., stomach-cutting.]
instrument held in the hand when used. [AS. Harangue, ha-rang', n. A speech addressed to a pub-
handlian, Dan. handle, to handle, Dan. handel, a lic assembly; a popular oration; declamation; rant-
handle.]— To give a handle. To furnish an occa- ing.— v. i. [harangued (-rangd"), -ranguing.] To
sion.— Hand'ling, n. A
touching or use by the address a large assembly. v. t. To address by a —
hand treatment; action. (Paint.) The mode of harangue. [OF.; It. aringa.a. speech from an ar-
;

using the pencil. —

Hand'sel, n. gift; earnest A ingOj pulpit, also an arena, ir. OHG. hring, G. and
money; sale, gift, or delivery, which is the first of a E. ring.] — /,
Harang uer, n.
series; a first installment. v. t. —
To give a handsel Harass, har'as, v. t. [-assed (-ast), -assing.] To fa-
to. [Dan., AS. handselen, a delivery into the hand, tigue to excess; to weary with importunity, care, or
fr. hand and sellan, to give, deliver.] Handlome, — perplexity; to annoy an enemy by repeated and un-
han'sum, a. [-somee, -somest.] Having a pleasing looked-for attacks to weary, jade, tease, vex, dis-
;

appearance or expression; comely; good-looking; turb. [OF. harasser, prob. fr. harer, to set a dog on
marked with propriety and ease; appropriate; lib- (a beast, etc.), OHG. haren, to cry out; s. rt. Gr.
eral; generous; moderately large. [D. handzaam.'] kerux, a herald.] Har'asser, n. —
— Hand'somely, adv.— Hand'someness, n. Harbinger, har'bin-ier, n. An officer of the Eng.
Hang, hang, v. t. [hanged (hangd) or hung, hang- royal Household who precedes the court when trav-
ing. Hanged is preferable to hung when reference eling, to provide lodgings, etc.; a forerunner; pre-
is had to execution by suspension.] To suspend; to cursor.— V. t. [HARBINGERED (-jeid), -GERIXG.] To
fasten, so as to allow of free motion upon the point or precede and announce, usher in. [ME. herbergeour,
points of suspension; to put to death by suspending; one who provided lodgings, fr. OF. and MHG. her-
to decorate by hanging pictures, trophies, drapery, berge, a house, lodging, harbor, q. v.]
etc.; to droop. v. i. —
To be suspended, dangle, de- Harbor, harsher, n. A place of security and comfort;
pend; to be fastened so as to allow free motion on a lodging; asylum; a refuge for ships; port or haven.
the point of suspension; to rest for support, depend; — v.t. [harbored (-berd), -boring.] To entertain
to be a weight; to hover, impend; to lean or in- as a guest, shelter; to protect (a ship from storms);
cline. —n. The manner in which one part hangs to secrete (a to indulge,
thief); cherish (malice, etc>
upon another; connection; arrangement; plan. [AS. — v. To lodge or abide for a time
i. to take shelter.
—
;

hangian, Ic. hanga, D. hangenJ] To hang fire. [Ic. herbergi, harbor, inn, lodging, lit.host-shelter,
(Mil.) To be slow in discharging or communicating fr. herr, an army, and bjarga, to save, defend.]
fire through the vent to the charge to be slow in ; — Har'borer, n. — Har'borless, a. Without a har-
exploding. —
To h. a scythe. To fasten it properly bor. — Har'borage, n. Place of shelter; enter-
-ej,
to the snath.— To h. by the eyelids. To hang by a tainment. — Har'bor-mas'ter, n. An officer who
very slight hold. —
To h. on. To keep hold, hold executes regulations respecting harbors.
fast, stick. —
To h. together. To be united, stand by- Hard, hard, a. Not easily penetrated, or separated
one another; to be self-consistent. To get the h. — into parts not yielding to pressure
; difficult to ;

of. To learn the arrangement of, become accus- penetrate with the understanding; difficult to ac-
—
tomed to. Hang'er, n. One who, or that which, complish; full of obstacles; difficult to resist or con-
etc.; a short sword; that by which a thing is sus- trol; difficult to bear or endure; severe; oppressive;
pended, esp. (Mach.) a part suspending a journal- unreasonable; unjust; difficult to please or touch;
box, in which shafting runs. Hang'er-on, n. One — not easy to influence; not agreeable to the taste;
who hangs on, or sticks to, a person, place, or plan; rough, acid, sour, as liquors. (Pron.) Abrupt or
a dependent.— Hanging, n. Death by suspension; explosive in utterance. adv. With pressure; with —
that which is hung, as, drapery for a room.— Hang'- urgency; diligently; earnestly; with difficulty; un-
dog, n. A
degraded man, fit only to be the hangman easily; vexatiously; vigorously; energetically; rap-
of dogs. —a. Like, etc.— Hang'man, n. ; pi. -men. idly; nimbly; violently. [Dan. and Sw.; AS. heard,
One who hangs another
— ; —
OHG. harti.] Hard money. Coin or specie, dis-
a public executioner. ting. fr. paper money. H. pan. The hard stra- —
Hang'nail. n. A small tum of earth beneath the soil. —H. water. Water
piece of skin hanging fr. which contains some mineral substance that decom-
the root of a finger-nail.— poses soap, and thus renders it unfit for washing. —
Hasg'bird, n. The Balti- H.by. Nearby; close at hand. — H. up. "Without
more oriole,— whose nest money or resources. — Hardlsh, a. Somewhat hard.
hangs from the limb of a —
— Hardiness, n. Hardly, adv. In a difficult
tree. —
nest, n. The nest
of, etc.— Hang Ing- but-
manner; scarcely; barely; severely; harshly; rough-
ly. — Hard'en, -n, v.
t. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To
tress, n. (Arch.) but- A make hard or more hard; to indurate; to strengthen,
tress supported upon a inure; to confirm in wickedness, obstinacy, etc.
corbel, and not standing v. i. To become hard or more hard, acquire solid-
solid on the foundation. ity; to become strengthened. Hard'ener, -n-er, n. —
— Hank, hank, n. Two One who hardens. Hard'hack, n. — very astrin- A
or more skeins of yarn gent plant, common in pastures. —Hard'ship, n.
or thread tied together. That whicn is hard to bear, as toil, injury, etc.— —
(JTatrf.) A ring slidingon Hard'ware, n. Ware made of metal, as cutlery,
a stay, to which a sail is kitehen furniture, etc. Hard'-fa'vored. a. Having —
bent. [Ic. hanki, clasp of
a chest, hangr, hank, coil,
coarse or harsh features. flst'ed, a. Having hard
or strong hands, as a laborer; covetous; aiggardl^.
—
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ;;

HARE 250 HARRY

— Hard' -fought, a. Vigorously contested.
a. Having hard hands, as a laborer.
Cruel; pitiless; unfeeling. tack, n.
—— handed,
heart ed, a.
(Naut.) Sea-
and the
harmony
17th. — Har'monist, n.
One who shows the
of corresponding passages of different au-
thors, as of the 4 evangelists. (Mus.) musical A
bread.— Hard'y, -T, a. [-iee, -iest.] Bold; brave ; composer. —
Harmo'nium, -nt-um, n. A keyed in-
stout ; intrepid ; full of assurance ; impudent strument of music, in which the tones are produced
strong ; firm ; compact ; inured to fatigue; able to by the vibration of free reeds Har'monize, v. i. —
bear exposure to cold weather. [ME. and OF. hardi, [-nized (-nizd), -nizixg.] To agree in action, adap-
orig. p. p. of OF. hardir, f r. OHG. hartjan, to hard- tation, or effect on the mind to be in peace and
en, make strong, fr. harti.] Hard'ihood, -iness, n. — friendship, as individuals or families; to agree in vo-
;

Boldness, united with firmness and constancy of cal or musical effect, —v. t. To adjust in fit propor-
mind; audacity; impudence. Hard'ily, udr. — tions, cause to agree; to show the harmony of. (Mus.)
Bare, har, n. A swift rodent, having long hind legs and To accompany with harmony. Har'mbniz'er, n. —
ears, short tail, and divided Harness, har1ie6, n. The iron covering which a sol-
upper lip. [D. and Sw.; AS. dier formerly wore armor of a horse; equipments ;

har a, S k r. caca, orig. a of a draught horse; tackle; tackling; the part of a

jumper, fr. cac to jump ; loom comprising the heddles with their means of
prob. s. rt. haste.] Hare'-
,

— support and motion. v. t. [harnessed (-nest), —

brained, -brand, a. Wild,; -nessixg.] To dress in armor, equip for defense,
Ciddy heedless.
; Hareb- — make ready for draught. [OF. harnas, fr. Armor.
ell, n. A plant having blue, Hare harnez, old iron, armor; s. rt. W. haiarn, Ga. iarunn
bell-shaped flowers.— Hare''- E. iron, q. v.] =
Har'nesser, n. —
lip, n. A lip, commonly the upper one, having a fis- Harp, harp, n. An upright, stringed instrument of
sure or perpendicular division like that of a hare. music, usually —
Har'rier, har'rl-er, n. A kind of hound used in played with
hunting hares. the fingers of
Harem, halem, n. The apartments allotted to females both hands. —
in the East; the wives and concubines belonging to V. i. [HARPED
one man. [Ar. haram, anything forbidden or sa- (harpt), harp-
cred, fr. haraina, to prohibit.] ing.] To play
Haricot, har'e-ko, n. A kind of ragout of meat and on the harp; to
vegetables; the kidney-bean. [F.J dwell tediously
Harier, Harrier. See under Hare and Harry. or monotonous-
Hark, hark, v. i. To listen. [Imperat. of hearken, q. v.] ly in speaking
Harlequin, hiirle-kin or -kwin, n. A buffoon, dressed or writing. [D.;
in party-colored clothes; a merry-andrew; zany. [F. AS. hearpe;
arlequm, OF. MerJek'm, perh. fr. OFries. helle kin perh. s. rt. L.
(AS. helle cyn), the kindred of hell, i. e. a demon.] crepare, to —
Harlequinade', -ad, n. Exhibitions of harlequins. crackle.] —
Harlot, harlot, n. A prostitute; strumpet. [OF. ar- Harp'er, -ist, n.
lot, It. arlotta, a harlot, arlotto, a hedge-priest, LL. A player on the
arlotus, a glutton; perh. s. rt. OHG. karl, AS. ceorl, harp. — Harp'-
E. churl, q. v.] —
Harlotry, -rt, n. Trade or prac- sichord, -st-
tice of, etc.; prostitution. k6rd, n. A mu-
Harm, harm, Injury; hurt; damage; misfortune;
n. sical instru-
evil; wickedness. v. t. —
[harmed (harmd), harm- ment, now su-
ing.] To hurt, injure, damage. [Sw. and G.; AS. perseded by
hearm, grief, harm Skr. grama, toil, fatigue, fr. the piano-forte.
cram, to be weary.]
;

—
Harmful, -ful, a. Full of [OF. harpe-
—
harm; injurious. Harm 'less, a. Free from harm chorde, fr. harpe
or from power or disposition to harm; innocent; un- and chorde,
harmed.— Harmlessly, adv. Harmlessness, n. —
corde, a string.]
Harmattan, har-matlan, n. A
dry, hot wind, blow- Har ping-iron, Harp.
ing from the interior of Africa to the Atlantic in harp ' ing-i'em,
Dec, Jan., and Feb. [Ar.] Harpoon', -noon'', n. A barbed javelin, with cord at-
Harmony, harlno-nY, n. Just adaptation of parts to tached,for striking large fish, whales, etc.— v. t. [har-
each other; concord or agreement in facts, opinions, pooned (-poond'), -pooning.] To catch or kill with,
manners, interests, etc. a literary work which ; etc. [D. harpoen, F. harpon, orig. a grappling-iron,
brings together parallel passages respecting the same fr. harper, to grapple, grasp; prob. s. rt. L. harpago,
events, and shows their consistency. (Mus.) Musical Gr. harpage, a hook, L.and Gr. harpax, rapacious, L.
concord a succession of chords according to the
; rapere, to seize, E. harpy, q. v.] Har'poneer', -po- —
rules of progression and modulation science of nerl -poon'er, -poon'er, n. One who throws, etc.
;

their construction and progression. [Harmony re- Harpings, harplngz, n. pi. (Naut.) The fore parts
sults from the concord of musical strains which of the wales, encompassing the bow of a ship.
differ in pitch and quality: the term may also be ap- Harpy, har'pTr, n. ; pi. -pies, -piz. (Myth.) fabu- A
plied to sounds which are not musical. Melody de- lous winged monster, ravenous and filthy, having
notes the pleasing alternation and variety of mu- a woman's face and vulture's body. One who is ra-
sical and measured sounds, as they succeed each pacious; an extortioner, plunderer. (Ornith.) The
other in a single verse or strain.] [F. harmonie, L. marsh harrier. A large, crested, stout-legged, preda-
and Gr. harmonia, f r. Gr. harmos, a fitting, joining, ceous bird of Mexico and S. Amer., the narpy —
f r. arein, to fit; s. rt. arm, article.'] Harmo'nious, —
eagle. [OF. harpie, L. harpyia, Gr. harpuia, lit. a
-nl-us, a. Adapted to each other symmetrical spoiler s. rt. Gr. harpazein,lL. rapere, to seize. See
; ;

agreeing in action or feeling; musically concordant; Harpoon, Rapacious.]

symphonious. —
Harmo'niously, adv. —
Harmonic, Harquebuse. Same as Arquebuse.
-ical, a. Concordant; musical; consonant. (Mus.) Harridan, har'rl-dan, n. decayed strumpet; a hag. A
Relating to harmony or music; harmonious. (Math.) [F. haridelle, a worn-out horse, jade.]
Having relations or properties bearing some resem- Harrier, n. dog. See under Hare. A
A bird. See —
blance to those of musical consonances. Harmon'- under Harry. —
ic, n. (Mus.) A musical note produced by a num- Harrow, har'ro, n. An iron-toothed instrument drawn
ber of vibrations which is a multiple of the num- over plowed land to level it and break the clods,
ber producing some other. —- Harmonica, -t-ka, n. and to cover seed when sown. —v. t. [harrowed
A musical instrument in which the tones are pro- (-rod), -rowing.] To draw a harrow over, to break
duced by friction against the edges of a series of clods and level the surface or to cover seed sown;
glasses one in which slips of
; glass or metal of to lacerate, torment, harass. [AS. hearge, Dan. harv,
graduated lengths are vibrated by percussion a Sw. har/, a harrow, D. hark, Sw. harka, a rake,
;

small, flat, wind instrument of music, a toy for —

Dan. harve, Sw. harfva, to harrow, Sw. harka, to
children. —
Harmonically, adv. In a harmonical rake; perh. s. rt. Gr. kerkis, a peg, skewer; not s. rt.
—
manner; in respect to harmony, as disting. fr. mel- F. herce, a harrow.] Harlower, n. One who har-
ody. — Harmonics, n. sing. & pi. Sing. Doctrine or rows; a hawk; a harrier.
science of musical sounds. PI. (Mus.) Secondary Harry, harlt, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] To strip,
tones which accompany any principal, and appar- pillage; to worry, harrow. [AS. hergian, to lay waste,
ently simple, tone, as the octave, the 12th, the 15th, fr. here, gen. herges, an army s. rt. Skr. cri, to ;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, t5rm ; Tn, Ice ; Sdd, tone, or j
 HARSH 251 HAUNT
wound, cirna, wasted.] —
Har'rier, -rl-e"r, n. Alow- heat; to contrive or plot; to originate. v. t. To —
flying bird of the falcon family, of several 6pecies. produce young, bring the young to maturity. n. —
Harsh, harsh, a. Rough to the touch, taste, or feel- As many chickens as are produced at once; abrood;
ing; grating; austere; severe. [Dan. and Sw. harsk, actof exclusion from the egg; disclosure; discovery.
rancid, G. narsck, harsh, rough, Skr. katu, pungent, [Sw. hacka, lit. to produce i'r. a hack, coop, G. hecken,
krit, to cut.] —
Harsb/ly, adv. —
Harsh'ness, n. fr. hecke, breeding-cage.] —
Hatch'er, n.
Hart, hart, n. A
stag; the male of the red deer. [AS. Hatch, hach, v. t. To cross with lines in a peculiar
heort, Ic. hjortr, s. rt. L. cervus, a hart, Gr. keras = manner in drawing and engraving. [F. hacher, to
E. horn, q." v.] —
Harts'horn, n. The antler of the hack. See Hash.]— Hatch'et, n. A small, short-
hart, or male deer. —
Salt of hartshorn. An impure handled ax, to be used with one hand. [F. hachette,
solid carbonate of ammonia, obtained by distillation dim. of hache, an ax, fr. hacher.} To bury the —
of hartshorn. —
Spirit ofh. A
solution of carbonate hatchet.To make peace. — To take up the h. To
of ammonia. make war, — phrases derived fr. the practice of the
Harum-scarum, har um-skar r um,
/,
a. Wild precipi- ;
Amer. Indians.
tate; giddy; rash. [Cf. hare, to fright, and scare, to Hatch, hach, n. A door with an opening over it: a
terrify suddenly.] weir for catching fish; a floodgate; a bed-frame; the
Haruspice, ha-rus'pis, n. A
person in ancient Rome frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship's
who professed to interpret the will of the gods by deck; cover of the opening in a deck or floor, or into
inspecting entrails of beasts sacrificed, or by observ- a cellar hatchway. [AS. haca, bar, bolt of a door,
—
;

ing natural phenomena; a diviner; soothsayer. [L. D. hek, fence, gate; perh. s. rt. hook.] Hatch'-boat,
haruspex, -picis, prob. ir.haruga, a ram for offering, n. A swift-sailing, yacht-like fishing boat, having a
and spicere, to look.]
iarvest, har'vest, n. The season of gathering crops;
small sail at the stern and no bowsprit. way. n.
An opening in a deck, floor, etc., covered by a hatch
—
that which is reaped; product of any labor; gain. — or trap-door.
v. t. To reap or gather (fruits, etc.) [AS. hserfest, Hatchel. Same as Hackle.
MHG. herbest, autumn, orig. crop; s. rt. Gr. karpos, Hatchet. See under Hatch, to cross with lines.
fruit, L. carpere, to pluck.] —
Har'vester, n.— Har r - Hatchment, hach'ment, w«. (Her.) frame bearing A
vest-fly, n. A
large, hemipterous insect, allied to the escutcheon of a
the plant louse, often called locust, seventeen-year- dead person, placed
locust, etc., —
the males of several species making a in front of the house,
loud buzzing noise ; the cicada. home, n. The on a hearse, or in a
church. An ornament
song sung by reapers at the feast at the gathering of
corn; the feast itself ; time of harvest. moon, n.
The moon near the full at the time of harvest in
— on the hilt of a sword.
[Corrupt, of achieve-
Eng., or about the autumnal equinox, when it rises ment.^
nearly at the same hour for several days. Hate, hat, v. t. To have
Has. 3d person sing, of Have. a great aversion to,
Hash, hash, v. t. [hashed (hasht), hashing.] To dislike, regard with
chop into small pieces, mince and mix. n. That — ill-will, abhor, detest,
which is chopped up; minced meat, or meat and loathe. — n. Strong
vegetables minced; a second preparation or exhibi- dislike or aversion ;
tion of old matter. [OF. hachis, fr. hacher, G. hack- hatred. [AS. hete, D.
en, E. hack, q. v.] haai, Ic. hatr, Goth. Hatchment.
Hasheesh, -ish, hash'esh, n. A slightly acrid, narcotic hatis, hatred, AS. hatian, D. haten, Goth, hafjnn, to
and intoxicating gum-resin, produced by common hate.] — Hat'er, n. —
Hafable, a. Hate'ful, -ful, —
hemp when cultivated in warm climates. a. Manifesting hatred: exciting or deserving dislike
Haslet, haslet, n. Inwards of a beast, esp. of a hog, or disgust; odious; detestable loathsome malig-
: ;

used for food. [F. hastille, fr. haste, a spit, L. hasta, —

nant.— Hate'fully, adv. Hate'fulness, n. Ha>- —
a spear.] tred, n. Very great dislike: odium: enmity; rancor;
Hasp, hasp, n. A clasp, esp. one that passes over a repugnance; antipathy.
staple to be fastened by a padlock; a spindle to wind Hauberk, haw'berk.w. A shirt of mail formed of steel
thread on.— v. t. [hasped (haspt), hasping.] To rings interwoven. [OF. hauberc. halherc, OHG. hals-
fasten with a hasp. [AS. hsepse, Dan., Sw., and G. berge, fr. hals (s. rt. AS. heals, L. collum), the neck,
haspe; s. rt. AS. gehsep, fit.] and bergan, AS. beargan, to hide.]
Hassock, has'sok, n. A thick mat for kneeling in Haughty, haw'tT, a. [-tier, -tiest.] High: lofty
church. [ME. hassok, a straw-stuffed cushion, orig. having a high opinion of one's self, with' contempt
coarse grass; W. hesgog, sedgy, fr. hesg, sedges.] for others expressing or indicating haughtiness;
;

Hast. 2d person sing, of Have.
Hastate, has'tat, -tated, a. (Bot.) Shaped like the
head of a halberd. [L. hastatus, fr.
hasta, spear.]
Haste, hast, n. Celerity of motion;
state of being urged or pressed by
business; sudden excitement of
feeling or passion: dispatch; hurry;
— drawing.
precipitation. Haste, Has'ten,
has'n, v. t. [hast'ed, hasten
(has'nd); hast'ing, has'tenixg
To drive or urge forward, push on,
expedite, hurry. v. i. —To move
with celerity, be rapid, speedy, or
quick. [OSw. hasta, Dan. haste, G. Hastate Leaf
hasten, to haste OSw., Dan., ; Sw. halm, L. culmus, a stalk, calamus, Gr. kalamos,
OFries., and G. hast, haste; s. rt. Sk Qac, to jump,
bound. See Hare.] — iflc'n.pr ri
Has'tener, has'n-er,
Hasfy, -T, a. [-ier, -iest.] Quick speedy; for-
ward; eager; precipitate; rash; caused by, or indi-
cating, passion. TSw. and Dan. hastig.] 'Hast'ily,
-Tt-lY, adv.— Hast'iness, n. —
Hast'y-pud'ding, n. In
proud; arrogant; scornful; imperious. [ME. hautein,
OF. hautain, fr. haut, halt, L. altus, high.]— Haugh r -
tily, -tl-lT, adv. —
Haugh'tiness, n. Quality of be-
ing, etc.; superciliousness; loftiness. —Hauteur, o-
ter /', n. Haughty manner or spirit; pride. [F.]
Haul, hawl, v. t. [hauled (hawld), hauling.] To
pull or draw with force; to drag: to transport by
—
v. i. (Naut.) To change the direction of
a ship, sail with changed course. To pull apart, as
badly trained oxen, when yoked.— n. A pulling
with force: a draught of a net; that taken at once (by
hauling a net, etc.). [See Hale, v. t.] To haul over —
the coals. To call to account, reprove. HauKer, n. —
Haulm, Halm, Haum, hawm, n. The stem or stalk of
grain, beans, etc.; straw. [AS. healm, D., Dan., and
a reed, kalame, stalk of corn; s. rt. culminate."]
Haunch, hanch, n. The hip; thigh; hind quarter; that
; part of an animal
— body between loin
and buttock. See iT^.„„iAi!Ljfl» _
Horse. [F. hanche,
i

TJ. S., a pudding made of Indian meal stirred into OHG. encha; s. rt. /
water; mush; Eng., a batter or pudding OHG. euchila^E. lC^/fff' '/^^r^U^s-^
boiling in
of flour stirred into boiling water or milk till it be- ankle, Gr. —w angke, ?_-i'__.

comes stiff oatmeal porridge.

;
A A, Haunches „ the bent arm, E.
of an Arch. - , „ . - . ,

Hat, hat, n. A covering for the head, esp. one with

angle, anchor!] >

Haunches of an arch. (Arch.) The parts between

a crown and brim. [Dan.; AS. hset; prob. s. rt. L.
the crown and the springing.
cassis, helmet, Skr. chhad, to cover; not s. rt. G. hut,
—
hat=E. hood.} Hafter, n. One who makes or Haunt, hant, v. t. To frequent, resort to frequently;
sells hats. —
Hat'band, n. A band round the crown to visit pertinaciously or intrusively: to infest, as a
of a hat. ghost or apparition. — v. i. To persist in staying or
Hatch, hach, v. t. [hatched (hacht), hatching.] To visiting, —n. A place to which one frequently re-
produce from eggs by incubation, or by artificial sorts. [OF. hanter; perh. s. rt. Armor, hent, a path,

stin, cube, full ; moon, f6"6t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get-
 — — .

HAUTBOY 252 HEAD

or L. haditare, to dwell, or, more prob., LL. ambi- ject in the spring and summer; hay-asthma; hay
tare, to go about, f r. L. ambitus, a going about.]
Haunt'er, n.
— cold; rose-cold; rose-fever. knife, n. —
sharp in-
strument used in cutting hay out of a stack or mow.
A
»»utboy, ho'boi, n. An oboe; a wooden musical pipe,
with a reed, finger holes, and keys, resemb-
— loft, n.
One who
A
cuts and dries hay.
hay.
loft or scaffold for
— —
mak'er, n.
mak'ing, n. The
ling the clarionet. A treble stop in an organ. business of cutting grass and curing it for fodder. —
A -mow, -mow, n. A mow or mass of hay laid up in a
(Bot.)
lit.
sort of strawberry. [F. hautbois,
high wood, haut, high, and bois, wood, fr.
the high tone of the instrument; It. oboe.]
barn for preservation. rick, n. — A
rick of hay.
usually, a long pile for preservation in the open air.
Jauteur. See under Haughty. — -stack, n. A stack or large conical pile of hay in
Have, hav, v. t. [had, having. Indie, pres- the open air, laid up for preservation.
ent, I have, thou hast, he has; we, ye, they Hazard, haz'ard, n. That which conies suddenly or
have.'] To own, hold in possession; to pos- unexpectedly; chance; accident; casualty; danger;
sess, as something which appertains to, is peril; risk; a game at dice. v. t. —
To expose to
connected with, or affects one; to hold, re- chance or evil; to venture to incur, or bring on; to
gard, or esteem; to accept possession of; to risk, jeopard, endanger. v.i. To encounter risk
obtain; hence, to beget or bear (young); to or danger. [F. hasard, Sp. azar, orig. a game at
cause or procure to be, effect, require; to dice, fr. Ar. al zar, the die, Per. zar, a die.] Haz'- —
cause or force to go; to take; to take or hold ardable, a.— Haz'arder, n. —
Hazardous, -us, a.
one's self; to be under obligation. {Have, as Exposed to hazard; risky; bold; daring; precarious;
an auxiliary verb, is used with the p. p. to dangerous; uncertain. —
Hazardously, adv.
form preterit tenses; as, I have loved, I shall w Haze, haz, n. A
slight lack of transparency in the air;
have eaten. Had rather, had as lief, had -t|- aut- light vapor or smoke in the air; obscurity; dimness.
better, are prob. corrupt, for would rather, "°7- — v. i. To be hazy. [Ic. hoss, AS. hasu, smy, dusky.]
etc., when contracted; as, Pd
rather.] [Dan.; AS. — Ha'zy, -zT, a. Thick with haze. —
Ha'ziness, n.
habban, Ic. hafa ; s. rt. L. capere, to seize, hold, Gr. Haze, haz, v. t. [hazed (hazd), hazing.] To vex
kope, a handle, W. caffael t to get, E. haft, q. v.] with chiding or reproof; to play abusive tricks upon.
Havelock, hav r e-lok, n. A
light cloth covering for the [Sw. hasa, to hamstring, fr. has, tendon.]
head and neck, tised by soldiers. [Fr. the Eng. Gen. Hazel, ha'zl, n. A
nut-bearing shrub or small tree
Sir Henry Havelock:'] used for making hoops, crates, charcoal for gunpow-
Haven, ha'vn, n. A
harbor ; port; place of safety; der and crayons, etc. a. Of alight brown color.
shelter; asylum. [D.; AS. hsefen rt. AS. hsef, the [AS. hsesel.] —
Ha'zelly, -It, a. Of the color of the
sea, habban, to hold, have, q. v.] hazel-nut; light brown.— Ha'zel-nut, n. The fruit
Haversack, hav'er-sak, n. A
bag in which a soldier of the hazel. See Filbert.
carries Ins rations when on a march; leather bag for He, he, prow. [nom. he; poss. his; obj. him; pi. nom.
carrying charges from ammunition chest to gun. [F. they; poss. theirs; obj. them.] The man or mascu-
havresac, G. habersack, fr. haber, oats, & sack, sack.] line being or object named before; any man; the
Havoc, hav'ok, n. Wide and general destruction; dev- man or person; man; any male person. [AS., masc.
astation ; waste. —
v. t. \To waste, destroy, lay nom. he, gen. his, dat. him, ace. nine ; pi. nom. & ace.
waste. — interj. A
cry orig. used in hunting, after- hi, hig, gen. hira, heora, dat. him,heom.] —
Himself'',
ward in war as signal for slaughter. [Prob. fr. AS. pron. An emphasized form of he ; having command
nafoc, a hawk, q. v. W. hafog, navoc, is prob. f r. E.]
: of himself; in his true character.— ify himself. Alone;
Haw, haw, n. A hedge; an inclosed garden or yard; sequestered.
the berry and seed of the hawthorn. [AS. haga, an Head, hed, n. That part of any animal body contain-
inclosure, yard, house, D. haag, a hedge, whence ing the perceptive organs of sense, and foremost or
The Hague; s. rt. L. cingeie, to surround, E. cinc- uppermost in the creature's locomotion; the upper-
ture, hedge.] — Haw'finch, n. A
small bird; the gross- most, foremost, or most important part of an inani-
beak. —Haw'thorn, n. A
thorny flowering shrub or
— mate object; the larger, thicker, or heavier part or
tree,— used in Europe for hedges. [AS. hsegthorn.] extremity; place where the head should go; chief;
A
Haw'haw, Ha'-ha, n. fence or ditch sunk between leader; place of honor, or of command; an individ-
slopes, so that it is not perceived till approached. ual; seat of the intellect; brain; understanding; the
Haw, haw, n. A hesitation or intermission of speech. source, fountain, spring, or beginning, as of a stream
— v. i. [hawed (hawd), hawing.] To stop, in speak- or river; hence, the altitude of the source, and also
ing, with a sound like haw, oi to speak with hesita- the quantity in reserve, and the pressure resulting
tion. [Onomat.: see Ha.] from either; that part of a gulf or bay most remote
Haw, haw, v. i. To turn to the near side, or toward from the outlet; a separate part of a discourse; cul-
the driver, —
said of cattle or a team.— v. t. To minating point or crisis; strength; force; height; a
rounded mass of foam on beer, etc.; ahead-dress;
cause (a team) to turn to the near side (U. S., the
left side). [Perh. for here ; but cf F. huhau . haw.] = power ; armed force an ear of wheat, barley, or
;

Hawk, hawk, n. A
rapacious bird of many species, re-
sembling the falcons, except in the shortness of its
wings; a falcon. —
v.i. [hawked (hawkt), hawk-
ing!] To catch birds by means of hawks trained
for the purpose; to practice falconry; to soar or
strike like a hawk. [AS. hafoc, heafoc, Ic. haukr; s.
rt. have, q. v.] —
Hawk'er, n. One who, etc.; a fal-
coner. — Hawk'-eyed, -id, a. Having keen sight.
Hawk, hawk, v. i. To make an effort to force up
phlegm with noise.— v. t. To raise (phlegm) by
hawking. — n. A noisy effort to force up phlegm
from the throat. [Prob. onomat.; W. hochi, to throw
up phlegm, hoch, act of, etc.]
Hawk, hawk, v. t. To sell by outcry; to cry, peddle.
[OD. heukeren, to sell by retail, heukelaar, a huck-
ster, q. v.]— Hawk 'er, n. A peddler.
Hawse, nawz, n. (Naut.) The situation of the cables
before a vessel's stem, when moored with 2 anchors,
one on either bow; distance ahead to which the ca-
bles usually extend. [Ic, D., Dan., and Sw. hals,
the neck, part of a ship's bow, tack, Ic. halse, to clew
up a sail; not s. rt. hale, haul, hoist, etc.] Hawse'-
hole, n. A
hole in the bow of a ship, through which
a cable passes.— Haws'er, n. (Naut.) small ca-
ble; a large rope, in size between a cable and a tow-
line. [Ic. and D. halser.]
Hay, ha, n. Grass dried for fodder. — v.
other small cereal; the eatable part of a cabbage, etc.
—v. t. To be at the head of; to lead, direct; to form
a head to, fit or furnish with a head; to get in front
of, so as to hinder or stop; to check or restrain, —v.
i. To originate; to go or tend; to form ahead. [AS.
heafod; s. rt. L.capvt, Gr. kephale, the head, Skr.
kapala, the skull, E. chief] —Head or tail. This side
—
or that side; this thing or that, a phrase used in
throwing a coin to decide a choice, question, or stake,
head being the side of the coin bearing the effigy or
principal figure, and tail the other side.— To come to
a h. To mature; to suppurate. —To his h. Before his
face. — To make h., or to make h. against. To resist
with success; to advance.— To h. down. To trim or
cut off the branches or tops of trees. — To h. off. To
intercept.— Head'er, n. One who heads nails, pins,
etc., or leads a partv or mob. {Arch.) A brick or
stone laid with its shorter face or head in the surface
of the wall. A plunge into water, with the head fore-
most. — Head'ing, n. Act of providing with a head;
what stands at the head; title; material for the heads
— of casks. {Mining.) A
gallery, drift, or adit in amine.
{Sewing.) The extension of a line of ruffling above
A the line of stitch. {Masonry.) End of a stone pre-
sented outward. —
Head'y, -T, a. Willful; rash;
hasty; apt to affect the head; intoxicating. Head'- — —
i. To cut and iness, n Rashness stubbornness obstinacy.
—
; ;

dry grass for preservation. [AS. hey; s. rt.

hig, Ic. Head'ache, n. Pain in the head. Head'land, n.
— A {Geog.) A cape; promontory. A ridge or strip of
E. hew, to cut.]
hay, in the field.
companied with fever,
—
Hay'-cock, n.
fe'ver, n. {Med.)
and
conical pile of

sometimes
catarrh ac-
with parox-
A unplbwed land at the ends of furrows, or near a
fence. —
Headless, a. Having no head; beheaded;
ysms of dyspnoea, to which some persons are sub- destitute of a chief or leader. —
Headlong, adv.

fcm, fame, far, pass or ©pera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; 8dd, tone. 6r
 HEAL 253 HEATH
With the head foremost; rashly; precipitately; hast- spirit vigorous activ- „
; 7
ily; without delay or respite. a. Acting without — — ity ; power of fertile
deliberation hasty rash
; steep precipitous.
; ; ;
production that which ;

'
Head'ship, n. Authority or dignity; chief place. is heart-shaped, esp. a q
Heada'man, n. ; pi. -men. An executioner.— Head''- s-*vr-\ figure like that '
pring. a. Fountain; source; origin. Head'stall, n. — ( ) in the margin,
That part of a bridle or halter which encompasses V /or one of ase-
—
Head'strong, a. Not easily restrained; \ / ries of playing- 7*"|
the head.
directed by ungovernable will, or proceeding from
obstinacy; violent; untractable; stubborn; heady.—
-^
Heart.
cards, distin- _.
gu i s hed by it.
"*
Head' way, n. Progress made by a ship in motion; [AS. heorte, L. cor, Gr. Z» ^
progress; success. (Arch.) Clear space or height ker, kardia, Skr. hrid,
under an arch, over a stairway etc.— Head '-band, n. , hridaya; s. rt. Gr. kra-
A fillet; band for the head; the band at each end of daein, to quiver, beat,
a book. —
cheese, n. A
dish made of portions of the
head and feet of swine cut up fine and pressed into
Skr. kurd, to jump.]
Heart'en,-n,i'.t |-ened
—
the form of a cheese.
covering worn on the head.
dress, n. An ornamental— —
gear, n. Covering or
(-nd), -ening.] To en-
courage, embolden.
ornament of the head. -light, n. (Enr/in.) —
light, A Heart 'y, -T, a. [-iee,
Section of Heart.
with a reflector, at the head of a locomotive.— -man, -iest.] Exhibiting the
v.,-pi. A
chief; leader.
-men. -piece, n. Head; ar- — action of the heart superior vena cava; 6, pul-
mor for the head; helmet; understanding. quar-
ters, n. pi. The quarters or place of residence of any
— proceeding
heart
from the
exhibiting
;
monary artery c, aort 1: d,
pulmonary art
;

oul-

chief officer; center of authority or order.

A
sea, n.
sea that meets the head of a ship, or rolls against
— strength
;

sound firm
promoting strength;
; ; ;
monary veins;/", left au iele;
g, mitral valve h, lefi ven-

her course. —
stock, n. (Mach.) The part of a lathe
that holds the revolving spindle and its attachments;
nourishing; rich; sin-
cere cordial warm ;
tricle ;

ventricle; *,
i, Beptum
<

ferior ; m, tricuspid v live

; /, ri^-lit

the part of a planer that supports the cutter. stone,

n. The principal stone in a foundation; corner-stone;
— ;

zealous; vigorous; ener-

getic— Heart 'ily.
;

n, right auricle ; 0, pulm«na-

ry veins. [See LtJNG.]
,

stone at the head of a grave.

the head. —
wind, n.
tire, n. Attire for
A
wind that blows in a direc-
— adv. — -1-lT,
Heartless, a. Without »
Heartiness, «.
heart; destitute of sensibility orcourage ; unsymp*
—
tion opposite to the ship's course. thetic; cruel. Heartlessly, adv.— Heart leBsnes* —
Heal, hel, v. t. [healed (held), healing.] To make n. —At heart. In the true character or dispositions
hale, sound, or whole to cure of a disease or wound
; really; substantially. —
To break the h. of. To brin*
to remove or subdue; to restore to original purity or to despair or hopeless grief. To get by h. To com —
integrity; to reconcile, —v. i. To grow sound, re- mit to memory, learn thoroughly. To have the h. it —
turn to a sound state. [AS. hselan, fr. hal, whole, the mouth. To be much frightened. To set the h —
q. v. s. rt. kail, hale.) — Heal'able, a.— Heal'er. n. at rest. To put one's self at ease. To set the h. upon —
— ;

—
To long for earnestly. Heart'-ache, n. Sorrow; an
— Heal'ing,
a. Tending to cure; mild; mollifying.
Health, helth, n. State of being hale, sound, or
whole, in body, mind, or soul esp. the state of be- ;
guish of mind; mental pang.
affected or grieved.
brok'en, a. Deeplj
—
burn, n. (Med.) An uneasy,
—
ing free from physical pain or disease a wish of ; burning sensation in the stomach cardialgia. — ;

health and happiness. [AS. hseldh.) To drink a — -burn'ing, n. (Med.) Same as Heartburn. JDis
health. To drink with the expression of a wish for
the health and happiness of some other person.—
content; secret enmity.
heart; very distressing.
rend'ing. a. Breaking the
sick. a. Sick at heartl
—
Healthlul, -ful, a. Free from illness or disease sick'ening, a. Tending
well healthy serving to promote health whole-
; '; ;
depressed; lowspirited.
to make the heart sick or depressed.
nerve or tendon, supposed to brace and sustain the
— string, n. A
some; salutary; indicating, characterized by, or re-
sulting from, health.— Health'fully, adv.— Health '-
n.— Health'y,-!, «. [-ier, -iest.] Being in a
fulness,
heart. —
wood, n. The hard, central part of the
trunk of a tree, differing in color from the outei
state of healthconducive to health sound hale
: ; ; ; layers. —
Heart's'-ease, n. Peace or tranquillity oi
wholesome; salutary; salubrious. —Healthily, adv. feeling. (Bot.) A species of violet; pansy.
— Healthiness, n— Health'-lift, n. A machine for Hearth, harth or herth, n. The floor of a fire-place;
exercise, by lifting weights. the house itself, considered as the abode of comfort
Heald, held. n. A heddle. and hospitality; a projecting shelf in front of a
Heap, hep, n. A
pile or mass ; a crowd throng. ;
— 6tove; a form of metallurgic furnace; the lower part
v. t. (hept), heaping.] To throw or lay
[heaped of a blast or reverberatory furnace. [AS. heordh,
in a heap, make aheap of, pile to amass, accumu- hearth, OGH. hert, ground, hearth, Goth, haitrja,
—
;

late. [AS., a heap, heapian, to heap.] Heap'er, n. — burning coals.] Hearth'-stone, n. Stone forming
Hear, her, v. t. [heard (herd), hearing.] To per- the hearth; fireside.
ceive by the ear; to give attention to, listen to, heed, Heat, het, n. Caloric the force, agent, or principle
;

obey ; to attend to for the purpose of judging a in nature which renders bodies solid, fluid, or aeri-
cause between parties, try; to listen to and answer form, and which we perceive through the sense of
favorably to favor. — v. i. To have the sense or
; feeling; sensation caused by caloric, when present
faculty of perceiving sound to perceive or appre- ; in excess; high temperature, as disting. fr. low tem-
hend by the ear, listen; to be told, receive by report. perature, or cold indication of high temperature;
;

[AS. hyran, heran ; prob. not s. rt. Gr. akouein, L. redness; high color; flush; state of oeing once heat-
audire, to hear, E. ear.} —
Hear 'er, n. Hear 'rug, n. — ed or hot a single effort, as in a race; a course; ut-
;

Act of perceiving sound sense by which sound is ; most violence, rage, vehemence; agitation of mind,
perceived; attention to what is delivered; audience; exasperation animation in thougnt or discourse
; ;

a listening to facts and evidence, for adjudication ardor; fermentation; sexual excitement in animals.
extent within which sound may be heard. Hear'- — ;

— v. t. To make hot, communicate heat to, said —

Bay, n. Report rumor common talk. ; Hearken,
; — of inanimate objects also of animals, to excite by
;

hark'n, v. i. [-ened (-nd), -ening.] To listen, give action, or make feverish; also of the passions, to in-
heed, hear with attention, obedience, or compli- flame, excite. v. i. —
To grow warm or hot by the
ance. [OD. harcken, fr. hooren, to hear, AS. hyrcni- action of fire, by fermentation, or by chemical ac-
an, heorcnian, fr. hyran.) Heark'ener, n. — tion. [AS. heatu, fr. hat, hot, hsetan, to heat.] —
Hearse, hers, n. A
carriage for conveyingthe dead to Heat'er, n. One who, or that which, heats any ;

the grave: monument; tomb. —v. t. To lay in a contrivance to impart heat to something else, or te>
hearse. [ME. and OF. herce, orig. a harrow, then a contain something to be heated.
harrow-shaped frame for holding candles, used in Heath, heth, n. (Bot.) A flowering shrub of many
churches and atfunerals, then funeral-pageant, bier, species. A place overgrown with heath; a desert;
hearse, tomb, from L. hirpex, -picis, a harrow.] — a cheerless tract of country. [AS. hsedh, a heath,
Hearse'-cloth, n. A
pall; cloth to cover a hearse. Goth, haithi, a waste.] Heath'y, -T, a. Full of,—
Heart, hart, n. (Anat.) A
hollow, muscular organ, or abounding with, heath. — Heath'-cock, n. (Or-
contracting rhythmically and keeping up the circu- nith.) A large bird which frequents heaths the ;

lation of the blood. The seat of the affections or black grouse. hen, n. The female of, etc. --
sensibilities, also of the understanding or will, and -game, n. The heath-cock, etc. grass, n. A per-
of moral life and character individual disposition ennial, leafy-stemmed grass. Heather, herh'er, n. —
and character the inmost or most essential part
;
;

Heath. —
Heath'ery, -Sr-T, a. —Heathen, heUm, n.
of any body or system vital portion courage ; ; ; Apagan; idolater; an irreligious, unthinking person.

sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, DONboN, chair, get.
 — ; —
; ;

HEAVE 254 HEiJX,

— a. Gentile; pagan.
[AS. hsedhen, orig. a dweller legiance to conscience: stoical self-control; unrelax.
on a heath; cf. pagan, a dweller in a (L. pagus) vil- ing industry. —
He'braist, n. One versed in the
lage.] —
Hea'thendom, -dum, n. That part of the Hebrew language and learning. —
Hebraistic, a.
world where heathenism prevails heathen nations
— ; Pert, to, or resembling, Hebrew. —
He^braize, v. t.
considered collectively. Hea'thenish, a. Pert, to, To convert into the Hebrew idiom to make He-
etc.; rude; savage; cruel; inhuman. Hea'thenish- — brew or Hebraistic. v. i. — To speak Hebrew, or to
;

ness, n. —
Hea'thenism, -izm, n. Religious system conform to the Hebrew idiom.
or rites of a heathen nation idolatry paganism ; ; ; Hecatomb, hek'a-toom, n. {Antiq.) sacrifice of A
manners or morals prevalent in a heathen country. 100 oxen or beasts of the same kind; any large num*
— Hea'thenize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] To ren- ber of victims. [F. and L. hecatomhe, Gr. hekatombe
der heathen or heathenish. fr. hekaton (for henkaton, f r. heis, hen, one, and rt.
Heave, hev, v. t. [imp. heaved (hevd) or hove(Iiov); of Skr. cata, L. centum, AS. hund). 100, and bous, ox;
p. p. heaved, sometimes hoven (hov'n) heav- ; s. rt. E. cow.] —Hectare, hek-tar', n. A measure of
ing.] To move upward, lift; to raise, elevate; to area = 100 ares, or 10,(. 00 square meters=2.4711 acres.
throw, cast, send to force from or into any position;
; [F., fr. Gr. hekaton and L. area, q. v.] Hec'to- —
to throw off to raise or force from the breast.
; v. — gram, -to-grain, n. A measure of weight 100 grams =
i. To be thrown up, be raised; to rise and fall with or about 3.527 ounces avoirdupois, [fr hectogramme .

alternate motions, as the bosom in heavv breathing, Gr. gramma, l-24th ounce.] —
Hectoliter, hek-toKT-
as waves in a heavy sea, as ships on the billows, etc.; ter or hek'to-li'ter, n. A measure for liquids 100 =
to swell, dilate, distend; to labor, pant; to make an Kters=\-l0th cubic meter, nearly 26i gallons of wine
effort to vomit, retch. n. An upward motion — ; measure. [F. hectolitre; Gr. htra, pound.]— Hec-
swell or distention, as of the breast, waves, etc. an
/r
tometer, hek-tom e-ter or hek'to-me'ter, n. meas- A
effort to raise up something, as the contents of the
;

ure of length =
100 meters, nearly 328.09 Eng. feet.
stomach, etc. (Geol.) A horizontal dislocation in [F. hectometre ; Gr. metron, measure. See Meter.]
a lode, at an intersection with another lode. pi. A — Hectostere, hek / to-star r n. A
measure of solidity
disease of horses characterized by difficult breath- = ,

100 cubic meters =3531.05 cubic feet. [F. Gr. ste- ;

ing. [AS. hebban, Dan. hseve, to heave perh. s. rt. reos, solid.]
L. capere, to seize, E. have.] To heave a ship to. To — ;

Heckle. Same as Hackle.

bring the ship's head to the wind, and stop her mo- Hectic, hek'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to hectic; habitual;
tion. — To h. up. To relinquish, give up to vomit
— constant affected with hectic fever. —
Hec'tic, n.
out. —To h. in sight. To come in sight, appear.
; ;

{Med.) The fever of irritation and debilitv, occur-

Heavier, n. One who, etc. (Naut.) A bar used as
a lever. —
Heav'y, -1, a. Having the heaves.
Heave'-offering, n. (Jewish Antiq.) An offering
made to God, which was heaved or elevated.
Heavy, hev'i, a. [-ier, -iest.] Heaved or lifted Hector, hek'ter, n. A bully; a blustering, turbulent,
with labor; weighty; ponderous; large in size, ex-
tent, or quantity; bulky; difficult to move; not easy
to bear nard to endure laden with that which is
; ;
weighty; pregnant; bowed down slow; sluggish
stage of exhausting ring usually at an advanced
disease, as in pulmonary consumption. [F. hectique,
Gr. hektikos, fr. hexis, a habit of body, fr. echein, tut.
hexo, to have; s. rt. Skr. sah, to bear, endure.] —
noisy fellow one who teases or vexes. v. t. [hec- ;
—
tored v-terd), -toring.] To bully, bluster, irritate,
vex. —v. i. To bluster. [Name of a Trojan warrior.]
Heddle, hed 'dl, n. {Weaving.) One of the threads of
; ;

lifeless"; dull; inanimate strong violent loud ; yarn or metal in the harness of a loom a heald each
; ; ; ; :

low, or deep clammy solid not easily digested;

; ; heddle has a central eye or loop by which the warp
;

impeding motion cloggy clayey ; having much

; thread passing through it is raised or depressed to
;

body or strength; dark with clouds, or ready to rain. form the shed for the passage of the weft shuttle.
— adv. With great weight ponderously. [AS. Hederaceous, hed-e-ra'shus, a. Pert, to, resembling,
hefig, fr. hebban?]— Heavily, -T-1T, adv. With great
;

or producing ivy. [L. hederaceus, fr. hedera, ivy.] —

weight; grievously; slowly; with difficulty .— Heav''- Hed'eral, a. Composed of, or pert, to, ivy.
lness, n. [AS. hefignes.] —
HeaVy-spar, n. {Min.) Hedge, hej, n. A fence or line of bushes (esp. thorn-
Sulphate of baryta, often occurring in large crys- bushes) or small trees thickly set. v.t. [hedged
tals remarkable for their great weight. Heft, n. —
(hejd), hedging.] To inclose or separate with a
Weight ponderousness.
; v. t. —
To heave up, lift hedge; to hinder from progress or success; to sur-
to try the weight of, by raising. round for defense, protect, hem in; to surround so
Heaven, hev'n, n. The arch overhanging the earth as to prevent escape. v. i. To hide as in a hedge, ;
—
the sky; atmosphere; the dwelling-place or immedi- skulk; to bet on both sides. [AS. hege, a hedge. J—
ate presence of God the home of the blessed
; the To hedge a bet. To bet upon both sides, guarding ;

Supreme Being; God; supreme happiness; great fe- against loss, whatever may
licity; bliss. [AS. heofan, OS. hevan, ; not s. rt. G. be the result. —Hedge '-
himmel, Goth, hirnins, heaven; prob. not s. rt. E. hog. n. (Zobl.) A small in-
heave, perh. s. rt. L. camera, a vault.] Heav'enly, sectivorous animal having—
-n-lT, a. Pert, to, resembling, or inhabiting heaven; prickles or spines on the
celestial; appropriate to heaven in character or hap- upper part of its body, and
piness; perfect; pure; supremely blessed. adv. In able to roll itself into a —
a manner resembling that of heaven; by the influ- ball.— Hedge'-priest, n. A
ence or agency of lieaven. Heav'eniiness, n.
Heav^nly-mind'ed, a. Having the thoughts and af- n.
—
low, ignorant priest.
A row of shrubs, or
row, — —
fections placed on or suitable for heaven and heav- trees, planted for inclosure,
Hedge-hog.
enly objects: devout; godly.— Heav'enward, a. and
adv. Toward heaven.
or separation of fields.
bird which frequents hedges.
spar'row, n. A European —
Heavy, etc. See under Heave. Heed, hed, v. t. To mind, regard with care, take
Hebdomadal, heb-dom'a-dal, -dary, -da-rf, a. Week- notice of, attend to, observe.— n. Attention; notice;
ly consisting of, or occurring once in, 7 days.
; regard careful, reverential, or fearful attention. — ;

fiebdom'adary, n. (Rom. Oath. Ch.) A member
of a chapter or convent, whose week it is to perform
certain services. [L. hebdomadalis, pert, to a week,
fr. L. and Gr. hebdomas, number of 7, a week, fr.
hepta, seven; s. rt. seven.]
Hebetate, heb'e-tat, v. t. To render obtuse; to dull,
blunt, stupefy. a. Obtuse —
dull. [F. he'be'ter, L.
hebetare, -tatum, fr. hebes, dull.] Hebeta'tion, n.
Act of, or state of being, etc. [F.]
Hebrew, he'broo, n. One of the ancient inhabitants
[AS. hedan, to heed. OHG. huaten, to protect, fr.
huota, D. hoede, G. hut, heed, protection; s. rt. AS.
hod, D. hoed, G. hut, a hat, E. hood.] Heedful, —
-ful, a. Full of heed; cautious; circumspect; vig-
— Heed'fully, adv. — Heed'fulness,
ilant: attentive.
n. — Heedless, a. Without heed: careless; thought-
; less. — Heedlessly, adv. — Heedlessness, n.
— Heel, hel, n. The hinder part of the foot, or of any
covering for the foot; the latter or remaining part
of anything something heel-shaped a protuber-
; ;

of Palestine ; an Israelite Jew the Hebrew lan- ; ; ance; a spur, as set on the heel; part of a thing cor-
guage. —
a. Pert, to the Hebrews, or to their lan- responding in position to the human heel, esp.
guage. [F. he'breu, L. Hebrseus, Heb. ibri, perh. fr. {Naut.) the after end of a ship's keel, or the lower
abar, he crossed over, said of Abraham, crossing the end of a mast, boom, bowsprit, etc. v. t. [heeled —
Euphrates.] —
Hebraic, a. Pert, to the Hebrews; (held), heeling.] To use the heels in, as in dancing,
designating their language. Hebra'ically, adv. — running, etc.; to add a heel to. [AS. hela, D. hiel;
After the manner of the Hebrew language from ; prob. s. rt. L. calx, Gr. lax, for klax, heel, L. cellere,
right to left.— He'braism, -izm, n. Hebrew idiom; A to strike, Skr. kal, to drive; or else AS. hela is contr.
a peculiar expression in the Hebrew language the ; of hohila, dim. of hoh, heel, not s. rt. L. calx.] — Neck
Hebraic type of character servile and severe al- ; and heels. Doubled up: the whole length of the body.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; in. Ice ; Odd. tone, 6r
 HEEL 256 HELP
— To be at the h. of. To pursue closely.— To be out at making signals to an observer at a distance, by
the h. To have on worn out stockings; hence, to be means of the sun's rays thrown from a mirror.
in bad condition. —To cool the h. 1 o wait. To go (Min.) — A
variety of chalcedony, of a deep-green
h. over head. To move in a hasty, inconsiderate, or color, variegated with blood-red or yellowish spots.
rash manner. — To Ion b>) the h. To fetter, shackle, [F.; L. heliotropium (the plant); Gr. trepein, to turn.]
confine. — To show the h. To flee, run from. To —
- He'liofropism, -pizm, n. (Bot.) The faculty by
take to the h. To flee.— Heel'-piece, n. Armor for which certain plants are supposed to turn their
the heels; a piece of leather on the heel of a shoe. leaves or flowers toward the sun. He'liotype, -tip, —
tap, n. A piece of leather for the heel of a shoe; n. A
picture made by heliotypy. [Gr. tvpos, im-
a portion of liquor at the bottom of a glass after pression.] —
He'lioty'py, -ti'pi, n. A method of
drinking, — v. I. To add a piece of leather to the printing photographic pictures from a surface of
heel of (a shoe, etc.). prepared gelatine.
Heel, hel, v. i. (Naut.) To incline; to lean, as a ship. Helix, he'liks, n. ; pi. Hei/ices, -i-sez. spiral line, A
[AS. hyldan.'] as of wire in a coil; something spiral. (Arch.) A
Heft. See under Heave. little volute under the abacus of the Corinthian
Hegemony, he-gem'o-nT, n. Leadership; preponder- capital: see Capital. (Anat.) The whole circuit
ant influence or authority (of a government or or extent of the external border of the ear : see
state). [Gr. hegemonia, St. hegemon, leader, fr. he- Ear. (Zobl.) spiral A
geisthai, to go before.] univalve shell, as of a
Hegira, he-ji'ra or hei'T-ra, n. The flight of Moham- snail. [L. and Gr., a
med from Mecca, Sept. 13, A. D. 622; the limn; year curl, spiral, fr. Gr. he
beginning July 16, a. d. 622,— from which date Mo- lissein, to turn round
hammedans reckon time; any flight or exodus. [Ar. s. rt. L. volvere, to rol
hijrah, fr. hajr, separation, absence.] E. volute, q.v.]— Hel'
Heifer, liefer, n. A
young cow. [AS. heahfore. lit. a ical, a. Of, or pert, to,
high ox, fr. heah, high, and fear, ox; s. rt. MHG. etc.; spiral. Hell- —
pjar, OHG. varro, .far, ox, Gr. poris, a heifer, L. coid, a. (Geom.) A
parere, to produce, E. parent.'] warped surface gen-
Heigh-ho, Who, interj. An exclamation of surprise, erated by a straight
uneasiness, or weariness. line moving in a cer-
Height, Hight, hit, n. Condition of being high; ele- tain a. manner.—
Helices (Zool.).
vated position distance to which anything rises
; Spiral; curved like the spire of a univalve shell.
above that on which it stands, above the earth or [Gr. eidos, shape.] —
Hemispheric, -sfer'ik, -ical, a.
level of the sea; altitude; that which is elevated; an Spiral. [Gr. sphairikos, spiral.]
eminence; hill; mountain; elevation in excellence Hell, hel, n. The place of the dead lower regions ; ;

of any kind, as in power, learning, arts an ad- grave ; the place or state of punishment for the
;

vanced degree of social rank; utmost degree in ex- wicked after death; place where outcast persons or
tent or violence; progress toward eminence; grade; things are gathered, as, a dungeon or prison also, in ;

degree. [ME. highte, AS. heahdhu, fr. heah, high, q. certain games, a place to which those caught are
v.] — Heighten, Highfen, -n, v. t. [-ened (-nd), carried for detention; also a gambling-house; also
-ENING.] To raise higher, elevate to carry for-
; a place into which tailors throw shreds, or printers
ward, make better, increase; to advance toward a broken type. [AS.; D. and Ic. hel ; s. rt. AS. helan,
worse state, intensify to set off to advantage by L. celare, to hide, cella= E. cell, peril. Skr. kri, to
contrast. [AS. hean.X
;

cover.] —
HelKish, a. Pert, to, or fit for. hell; in-
Heinous, ha'nus, a. Hateful odious ; great enor- fernal; malignant; wicked: detestable.
; Hellish- —
;

mous; monstrous; flagrant; atrocious. [OF. hainos, ly, adv. HelKishness, n. —

Hell' hound, n. A dog —
fr. haine, hate, hair, Goth, hatjan, to hate, q. v.] —
of hell; agent of hell; miscreant.
Hei'nously, adv. —
Hei'nousness, n. Hellebore, heKle-bor,w. (Bot.) A poisonous plant used
Heir, ar, n. One who receives, inherits, or is entitled in medicine. [OF. ellebore, L. helleborus, Gr. helle-
to succeed to the possession of property after the boros; prob. in part fr. Gr. bora, food.]
death of its owner; one who receives endowment Hellenic, hel-len'ik or -le'nik, a. Pert, to the Hel-
from an ancestor or relation. [OF. heir, eir, L. heres : lenes, or inhabitants of Greece Greek Grecian. : ;

8. rt. L. herus, master, Gr. cheir, hand, Skr. hri, to [Gr. Hellenes, the Greeks, fr. Hellen, son of Deuca-
convey, take.]— Heir apparent. (Law.) One whose lion, the Gr. Noah.] Hellenism, -izm, n. A Greek —
right to an estate is indefeasible if he survives the phrase, idiom, or construction a Grecism the
person in possession. —
H. at law. One who, after ancient Greek type of character, aiming at cul-
;

— ;

the death of an ancestor or relation, has a right to ture, grace, and amenity.— Hel 'lenist, n. A Jew who
inherit all his intestate estate.— H. presumptive. used the Greek language as his mother tongue; one
One who, if the possessor of an estate should die skilled in the Greek language; a Grecian.
immediately, would be his heir, but whose right Helm, helm, n. (Naut.) A vessel's steering apparatus;
may be defeated by the birth of a nearer relative, or esp. the tiller. The place of direction or manage-
—
by other contingency. HerT'dom, -dum, n. Suc- ment. [AS. helma, helm, rudder, G. helm, helve,
—
cession by inheritance.— Heirless, a. female heir. A handle. See Helve. Halberd.] Helms'man,
— Heirloom, -loom, n. Any piece of personal prop- helmz^man, n. ; pi. -men. The man at the helm.
erty, which descends to the heir along with the in- Helm, helm, v. t. To cover with a helmet. Helm, —
heritance; one which has been long in a family. Helm'et, n. Defensive armor for
[See Loom.] — Heir 'ship, n. State, character, or priv- the head head-piece morion ; ; :

ileges of an heir; right of inheriting. thing like a helmet in form, posi-

Hektare, Hektogram, etc. See Hectare, etc., under tion, etc., as, the upper part of a
Hecatomb. retort, or the hood-formed upper
Held. See Hold. sepal of some flowers. [AS., D.,
Heliac, he'li-ak, Heli'acal, a. (Astron.) Rising or and G. helm, also D. helmet; s. rt.
setting at or near the same time as the sun. [Gr. he- hell (in the sense of covering).]
liakos, pert, to the helios, sun prob. s. rt. Skr. ush, Helminthic, hel-min'thik, a. Pert.
to burn.]— Heli'acally, adv.
;

—
He'liocen'tric, -li-o- to, or expelling worms. n. A —
sen'trik, -trical, a. Having the sun as a center, or medicine for expelling worms
appearing to be seen from it. [Gr. kentron, center, vermifuge. [Gr. helmins, -minthos, —
q. v.] — Heliog'raphy, -ft, n. Art of taking pictures a worm? lit. curling thing; s. rt. Barred Helmet.
on any prepared material by means of the sun and helix, q. v.] —
Hel'minthoKogy, -jT, n. Science or
a camera obscura; photographv. [Gr. graphein, to description and natural history of worms. [Gr.
write.]— Heliol'atry, -tri, n. Worship of the sun. logos, discourse.]
[Gr. latreia, worship.] —
Heliom 'eter, n. An instru- Helot, ne'lot or heKot, n.
/
slave in ancient Sparta; A
ment for delicate astronomical measurements. [Gr. hence, a slave. [Gr. Heilos, Heilotes, perh. fr. hai-
metron, measure.] —
Helioscope, -skop, n. A tele- rein (2d aorist heilon), to conquer perh. fr. Helos, a :

scope for viewing the sun without injury to the eyes. town of Laconia, whose inhabitants were enslaved
[Gr. skopein, to look.] —
He'liostat, n. An instru- by the Spartans.] Hel'otism, -izm, n. The condi- —
ment by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed tion of, etc.; slavery.
to one spot. (Geod. and Mil.) A
heliotrope. [Gr. Help, help, v. t. [imp. & p. p. helped (helpt), obs.
statos, placed, f r. histanai, to stand.] — He'liotrope, imp. holp and p. p. holpen; helping.] To aid,
-trop, n. (Bot.) A
fragrant plant; turnsole. (Geod- assist; to furnish with the means of deliverance; to
zsy and Mil. Signal Service.) An instrument for furnish with relief in pain or disease to change ;

sun, cube, full ; moon, fot>t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get
 ; — — — ;

HELTER-SKELTER 256 HERB

for the better, remedy; to prevent, hinder; to for- bark isused for cloth and cordage fiber of the
bear, avoid. —
r. i. To lend aid or assistance. n. — plant, prepared for spinning; a rope. [AS. henep, fr.
;

Aid; assistance remedy; relief in U. S., one who L. cannabis, Gr. kannabis, Skr. cana, hemp; s. rt.
:

helps, a domestic servant. [AS. helpan, to help,

;

canvas. ] —Hemp'en, -n, a. Made of hemp.

helpe, help; s. rt. Skr. klip, to be fit for, kalpa,&ble.] Hen, hen, n. The female of any fowl, esp. of the do-
— Help'er, n. One who helps or assists; an assistant^ mestic fowl. [AS. and D., fern, of AS. hana, D.
auxiliary. —
Helpful, -fyl, a. Furnishing help haa?i, a cock, orig. a singer; s. rt. L. canere, to sing.]
useful; wholesome. —
Helpfulness, n. Helpless, — — Hen'bane, n. A
plant poisonous to domestic
a. Destitute of help or strength feeble ; weak fowls: all parts of the plant are highly narcotic, and
beyond help irremediable ; bringing no help.
;

— ;

it is used in medicine as a substitute for opium; hy-

— Helplessness, —
;

Helplessly, adv. n. — Help'mate, oscyamus. Hen'-har'rier, n. A

species of harrier
-meet, n. An assistant; helper; consort; wife. [Fr. (bird) destructive to poultiy. heart'ed, a. Cow-
a misunderstanding of an help meet (fit), Gen. ii., 18.] ardly; timid. pecked, -peltt, a. Governed by one's
Helter-skelter, hel'ter-skeKter, adv. In hurry and wife. roost, n. Pluce where poultry rest at night.
confusion. [Onomat.] — Hen'nery, -ner-T, n. An inclosed place for fowls.
Helve, helv, n. The handle of an ax or hatchet; head Hence, hens, adv. From this place, this time, this
of the ax.-t;. t. [helved (helvd), helving.] To cause or reason, or this source, origin, or cause.
furnish (an ax) with a helve. [OD.; AS. hielf. See [ME. hennes, contr. hens, AS. heonan, for hinan, fr.
Helm.] nine, him; cf. G. hinnen, L. hinc, hence, fr. G. ihn,
Helvetic, hel-vefik, a. Pert, to the Helvetii, the in- him, L. hie, this.] —
Henceforth'' or Henceforth,
habitants of the Alps, now Switzerland, or to the Henceforward, adv. From this time forward.
states and peoples of the Alpine regions. Henchman, hencn'man, n. ; pi. -men. A page serv- ;

Hem, hem, n. The border of a garment or cloth, dou- ant; hanger-on. [ME. henseman, prob. fr. ME. and
bled and sewed, for protection or ornament; edge; AS. hengest, horse, i. e., a groom prob. not fr.
margin. —
v. t. [hemmed (hemd), -ming.] To fold haunch.]
;

and sew down the edge of; to border, edge. [AS. Hendecagon, hen-dek'a-gon, n. (Geom.) A plane
hemm, hem, a hem, G. hamme, a fence, hedge; s. rt. figure of 11 sides and 11 angles. [Gr. hendeka (fr.
G. himmel, heaven, canopy, orig. a vault, L. camera, hen, one, and deka, ten), eleven, and gonia, angle.J
vault, chamber.] — Hem-stitch, v. t. [-stitched Hendiadys, hen-di'a-dis, n. (Gram.) figure in A
(-sticht),-stitching.] To ornament at the head of which the same idea is presented by two words or
a hem by drawing out a few parallel threads, and phrases. [NL., fr. Gr. hen dia duoin, one by two.]
fastening cross-threads in clusters. Henna, hen'na, n. (Bot.) An oriental flowering shrub
Hem, hem, interj. An exclamation whose utterance of the genus Lawsonia. Powdered henna leaves, or
is a sort of half-cough, indicative of hesitation or a paste made of the leaves, used by Egyptians and
doubt, —
better expresse'd by hm. n. The sound — Asiatics to dye their nails, etc., of an orange hue.
thus represented. v. i. —
To make the sound to ; [Ar. hinna-a, the dyeing or coloring shrub.]
hesitate in speaking. [Onomat.; D. hem. See Hum.] Hepatic, he-pafik, -ical, a. Pert, to, or having the
Hemal, Haemal, he'mal, a. Pert, to the blood or blood color of the liver. [OF. hepatique, L. hepaticus, fr.
vessels. [Gr. haima, blood.] — Hem'orrhage, hem'- Gr. hepar^ hepatis, ~L.jeeur, Skr. yakrit, the liver.]
Sr-ej, n. (Med.) Any discharge of blood from the — Hepat/ica, -T-ka, n. A
ranunculaceous plant, the
blood-vessels. [OF. hemorrhagie, Late L. hsemor- lobes of whose leaves are thought to resemble the
rhagia, Gr. haimorrhagia, fr. haima and rhegnunai, lobes of the liver. [L.]— Hep'atiza'tion, w. (Med.)
to break, burst.] —
Hem'orrhoids, -roidz, n. pi. Conversion of the lungs, etc., into a substance re-
(Med.) Small erectile tumors of the vascular, mu- sembling the liver. —
Hep'atogas' trie, a. Pert, to
cous, or cellulartissues of the rectum; piles. [F.hem- the liver and stomach. [Gr. gaster, gastros, belly.]
orrhoides ; Gr. rheein, to flow; s. rt. Skr. sru, to flow.] Heptad, hep'tad, n. (Chem.) An atom whose equiv.
— Hemorrhoidal, a. Pert, to, etc. — Hemostatic, alence is 7 atoms of hydrogen, or which can be
a. (Med.) Pert, to stagnation or stoppage of the combined with, substituted for, or replaced by 7
blood. Serving to arrest hemorrhage; styptic. [Gr. atoms of hydrogen. [Gr. heptas, heptados, fr. hepta,
statikos, causing to stand, fr. histanai, to stand.] — seven, q. v.] —
Hep'tachord, -kord, n. (Anc. Mas.)
Hem'atite, -a-tit, n. (Min.) The sesquioxide, or A system of 7 sounds ; a lyre with 7 chords. (Anc.
specular ore, of iron. [Fr. the red color of the pow- Poet.) A composition sung to the sound of 7 chords.
der.]— Brown hematite. The hydrous sesquioxide [Gr. chorde, chord.]— Hep'taglot, n. book in 7 A
of iron; limonite. languages. [Gr. glotta, tongue, language.] Hep'- —
Hemiplegia, hem-T-ple-jt-a, Hem'iple'gy, -iT, n. (Med.) tagon, n. (Geom.) A
plane figure consisting of 7
A palsy that affects one side only of the body. [Gr. sides and 7 angles. [Gr. gonia, angle.] Heptag'o- —
hemiplegia, -plexia, f r. hemi- (= L. semi-, Skr. sami, nal, a. Having, etc. —
Heptan'gular, -tan'gu-ler,
half, sama, same, equal), half, andplessein, to strike, a. Having 7 angles. —
Hep'tarcny, -tark-T, n. A
plege,plexis, a stroke.] —
Hemip'ter, -teran, n. (En- government by, or country governed by, 7 persons.
tom.) One of an order of insects having the wing- [Gr. arche, sovereignty, archein, to rule.] Hep'ta- —
covers transparent toward the end, or throughout, stich, -stik, n. (Pros.) A
composition consisting
the true wings straight and unplaited, and feed- of 7 verses. [Gr. stichos, row, rank.]
ing on vegetable or animal juices by means of a Her, her, pron. and a. The objective case of the per-
sucking-tube. [Gr. pteron, sonal pronoun she ; pert, to a female, or a noun in
a wing, f r. petomai, to fly.] the feminine gender being the possessive case of
;

— Hemip'teral, -terous, /^ the personal pronoun she. [Written hers when the
-us, a. Of, or pert, to, etc. noun which it governs, or with which it agrees, is
— Hemisphere, -T-sfer, n. not given, but implied.] [ME. and AS. hire, gen.
A half sphere one half of
; and dat. of AS. heo, she. \ —
Herself, pron. An
a sphere or globe half of ; emphasized form of she ; in her ordinary or real
the terrestrial globe, or a character in her right mind; sane.— By herself.
;

projection of the same in Alone; apart; unaccompanied.

a map or picture. [OF.; Herald, her'ald, n. (Antiq.) An officer who pro-
Gr. sphaira a sphere.] — claimed war or peace, and bore messages from the
Hemispheric,
t
-s f e r' i k, commander of an army. In Eng., an officer who
-ical, a. Containing, or lr regulates public ceremonies, and records and blaz-
etc.- Hem'istich, Hemipter (Pentatome).
pert, to, ons the arms of the nobility and gentry; a king at
-stik, n. Half a poetic verse, or a verse not com- arms; a proclaimer; publisher; a forerunner ; pre-
pleted. [L. hemistichium ; Gr. stichos, row, line, cursor; harbinger. —
v. t. To introduce, orgive tid-
verse.] —
Hemis'tichal, a. Pert, to, written in, by, ings of, as by a herald to proclaim. [OF. heralt,
—
;

according to, or into, hemistichs. Hemltone, -ton, heraut, OHG. herolt, ir.hari, AS. here, an army (see
n. Same as Semitone. [L. hemitonium; Gr. tonos, Harry), influenced by OHG. forharen, to proclaim,
a tone.] whence foraharo, a herald.]— Heral'dic, a. Pert,
Hemlock, hem'lok, ri. An umbelliferous plant whose to heralds or heraldry. —
Her'aldry, -rT, n. Art or
leavesand seeds yield an acrid poison (conia) used office of a herald ; art, practice, or science of re-
in med.;an evergreen tree common in N. Amer.; cording genealogies, and blazoning arms. Her'* —
hemlock spruce. [AS. hemlic; hem perh. same as aldship, n. Office of a herald.
ME. hem, malign, s. rt. G. hammen, to maim: see Herb, erb, n. A
plant having a soft or succulent stalk,
Hamper; -lie, fr. AS. leac, a leek, q. v.] or stem, that dies to the root every year. [F. herbe,
Hemorrhage, etc. See under Hemal. L. herba ; prob. s. rt. OL. forbea, food, Gr. phorbe,
Hemp, hemp, n. A plant the fiber of whose skin or pasture, fodder, Skr. bharb, to eat.] Herby, herb'. —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; Tn, ice ; Sdd, tone, 8r
 HERCULEAN 257 HERRING
Y, a. Of the natureof,pert, to, or covered with, the stamen and the pistil within the same calyx, or
herbs. —
Herbose'. -bos', Herb'ous, -us, «. Abound- on the same receptacle. [Fr. Hermaphroditus, son
ing with, etc. —
Herb'orize, v. i. [-rized (-nzd), of Hermes, or Mercury, and Aphrodite, or Venus,
-rizixg.] To search for plants, or new species of who, when bathing, became joined in one person
plants. —
HerVorizalion, n. Act of seeking plants with Salmacis, the nymph of the fountain.] Her- —
in the field ; the figure of plants in mineral sub- maphroditp brig. (NauV) A bri',r square-rigged for-
stances: see Arborization.— Herba'ceous, her-ba / ward and schooner-rigged alt. -- Hermaph'rodite,
'-

shus. a. Pert, to herbs; having the nature of an herb. -roditlc. -leal, a. Partaking of both sexes. Her- —
— Herb'age, erb r - or hgrb'ej, n. Herbs collectively; maphroditism, -ro-dit-izm, -rodism, -rod-izm, n.
grass; pasture. (Law.) Liberty or right of pasture in Union of two sexes in the same individual.
the forest or grounds of another man. [F.J Herb'- — Hermeneutic, hgr-me-nn'tik, -tical, a. Pert, to inter-
al. herb'al, n. A
book containing the names and de- pretation; exegetical. —
Hermeneu'tics, n. sing. Sci-
scriptions of plants a collection of dried plants
—
ence of interpretation exegesis, esp. applied to —
hortus siccus herbarium. ;
;

a. Pert, to herbs. — ; ;

interpretation of the Scriptures. [Gr. h< rmeneutikos,

Herb'alist, n. One skilled in, or who makes collec- fr. hermeneutes, hermeneus. an interpreter, perh. fr.
tions of, plants. —
Herbalium, n. ; Eng. pi. -Kiums; Hermes, Mercury, tuteiarv god of skill.]
L. pi. -ria, -rY-a. A
collection of dried plants book ; Hermetic, her-metlk, -ical, a. Pert, to chemistry;
for preserving plants hortus siccus. [L.] ; Herb'- — — chemical: pert, to that philosophy which pretends
ary, -a-rT, n. A
garden of herbs ; cottage garden. to explain all the phenomena of nature from the 3
Herbes'cent, -bes'ent, a. Growing into herbs. [L. chemical principles, salt, sulphur, and mercury ;

herbescens, p. pr. of hei-bescere, to grow into herbs.] pert, to the system which explains causes of diseases,
— Herbif'erous, -Sr-us, a. Bearing herbs. [L.ferre, etc., on the principles of the hennetical philosophv,
to bear.] —
Herbiv'orous, -o-rus, a. Eating herbs ; esp. on the system of an alkali and acid perfectly ;

feeding on vegetables. [L. vorare, to devour.] close, so that no air, gas, or spirit can escape. [LL.
Herculean, her-kule-an, a. Very great, difficult, or hermeticus, fr. the Egyptian Hermes Trismrgistus, the
dangerous; having extraordinary strength and size. fabled inventor of alchemy.] —Hermetically, adv.
[L. Hercules, most famous of Greek heroes, cele- Hermit, her'mit, n. A recluse anchoret esp. one : ;

brated for strength, and esp. for 12 difficult labors.] who lives in solitude from religious motives. [ME.
Herd, herd, n. A
number of beasts assembled together; heremite eremite, F. hermite, LL. herem>ta,eremita,
a company of people crowd; rabble. v. i. To — ,

Gr. eremites, lit. dweller in a desert, fr. eremia, des-

—
;

unite or associate in a herd, as beasts; to unite in a ert, eremos, deserted.] Her'mitage, -ej, n. The
company by custom or inclination. v. t. To form — habitation of a hermit; a secluded residence. [F.]
or put into a herd. [AS. heord, herd, a herd, ME. — Her'mitess, n. A
female hermit.
herdien, toherd.]— Herd'man, Herds'man, n. ; pi. Hern. Same as Herox.
Herd'men, HerdsIien. The owner or keeper of Hernia, her'nY-a, n. (Surg.) A rupture a tumor ;

herds. — Herd'-book, n. A book of pedigrees of formed by protrusion of any internal part through
choice breeds of cattle herd-register. Herds'- ;
—
a natural or accidental opening in a muscular or
grass, n. One of several species of grass, highly es- membranous wall. [L.] — Strangulated hernia. Ir-
teeme_d for hay; timothy; red-top. reducible protrusion, with constriction, of an intes-
Here, her, adv. In this place, opp. to there; in the — tine. —Her'nial, a. Pert, to, or connected with, her-
present life or state. [AS., Ic, Dan., and Goth, her, nia. —
Herniotomy, -mY, n. (Surg.) Act or opera-
ft. rt. of he ; cf hence.].
—
Here'abouV, -abouts'. adv. tion of cutting for the cure of hernia, or relief of
About this place; in this neighborhood.— Hereaffer, strangulated hernia. [Gr. temnein, to cut.]
adv. In time to come : in some future state. n. — Hero, helo, n. ; pi. -roes, -roz. man of distin- A
A future existence or state. HereafrVadv. At, or — guished valor, intrepidity, or enterprise in danger;
by reason —Hereby'', adv. By means of
of, this. a great or extraordinary person principal person-
—
;

this. —
Herein'', adv. In this. Here'lnaft'er. adv. age in a poem, story, etc. (Myth.) An illustrious
In the following part of this. Hereto', adv. To — man, placed among the gods, after his death. [OF.
this. —
Heretofore", adv. In times before the pres- and Sp. heroe, L. and Gr. heros, Skr. vira, hero ; L.
ent formerly. —
Here'unto', adv. Unto this or vir, AS. wer, man.]— Heroic, a. Pert, to, like, or
;

this time hereto.

;
—
Hereupon', adv. On this becoming a hero; brave; intrepid: noble. Heroic —
hereon. —Herewith'', -with'' or -with/, adv. With age. The age when the heroes are supposed to have
this. —Herein'' to, adv. Into this. —Hereof', -of lived. —H. poetry. That in which the life of a hero
or -ov', adv. Of, concernins or from this. Here- — is celebrated epic poetry.— H. treatment, remedies.
on', adv. On this hereupon. ;
;

(Med.) Those of a violent character. H. verse. —

Hereditary, he-red'Y-ta-rY, a. Descended by inheri- (Pros.) The verse of heroic poetry, being in Eng.
tance capable of descending from an ancestor to
; the iambic of 10 syllables. —
Heroically, adv. In
an heir transmitted, or that may be transmitted,
; the manner of a hero; with valor; bravely; coura-
from a parent to a child ancestral patrimonial ; ; geously; intrepidly. —
He'roicomlc, -ical, a. Con-
inheritable. [L. hereditarily, fr. hereditare, to in- sisting'of the heroic and the ludicrous. —Heroine,
herit, fr. heres, heredis, an heir, q. v.] — Heredlta- her^o-in, n. A female hero. [F., L., and Gr.] —
ble, Heritable, a. Capable of being inherited. — Her'oism, -izm, n. The qualities or character of a
Heredity, -Y-tY, n. Transmission of qualities of hero; courage; fortitude; bravery; valor.
parents to offspring. —
Her'edit'ament, n. (Law.) Heron, her'un, n. A wading bird of many species
Any species of property that may be inherited.— with long slender legs, neck,
Hereditarily, adv. By inheritance. Heritage, — and bill. [F. OF. hairon,
-ej, n. Thing inherited; inheritance. [F.] Her- — OHG. heigir.]
;

— Her'onry,
itor, -or, n. Orig. an heir; in Scot, a proprietor in a -ri, n. A place where herons
parish. [LL.] breed.
Heresy, her'e-sY, n. An opinion opposed to the es- Herpes, her'pez, n. (Med.)
tablished or usually received doctrine; esp. (Theol.) An eruption of the skin ;

rejection of, or erroneous belief in regard to, some esp. an eruption of vesicles
fundamental religious doctrine or truth ; hetero- in small distinct clusters, ac-
doxy. [OF. heresie, Qt. hairesis, a choice, sect, her- companied with itching or
esy, fr. hairein, to take.] Herpetic, n. One who — tingling, including shingles,
holds to a heresy; one who believes some doctrine ringworm, etc. [L. and Gr.,
contrary to the Christian religion; schismatic; sec- fr. Gr. herpein, to creep, fr.
tarian. (Rom. Cath. Church.) Protestant. He- A — its tendency to creep from
retical, a. Containing, or pert, to, heresy. He- — one part of the skin to an-
retlcally, adv. —
Heresiarch, her'e-sY- or he-re'zY- other.] —Herpetic, a. Pert,
ark, n. Aleader in heresv; chief heretic. or like, etc.
to, —
Herpetol'-
Heron.
Heriot, hSr'Y-ot, n. (Eng. Law.) tribute of goods A ogy, -jY, n. Natural history
or chattels to the lord of the fee, payable on trie de- or description of reptile including oviparous quad-
cease of a tenant by copyhold or other landholder. rupeds. [Gr. her-
[AS. heregeatu, what was given the lord of the manor peton, reptile (fr.
to prepare for war, fr. here, army, and geatu, pro- herpein), and log-
vision, fr. getan, gitan, to get.] os, discourse.] —
Heritable, Heritage. See under Hereditary. Her ' petol ' ogist,
Hermaphrodite, her-maf ro-dit, n. An animal or hu- n. One versed in,
man being having both the male and the female gen- etc.
erative organs. (Bot.) A
flower that contains both Herring, herling,

sun, cube. f"11 ; moon, fdbt : cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HERS 258 HIERARCH
n. A small appearing in vast shoals in the
fish, -ez. Anopening gap chasm space where some-
; ; ;

spring, upon the coasts of Europe and America, thing is wanting a break in a manuscript, where
;

where they are taken in great quantities. [AS. part is lost or effaced. (Gram.) Concurrence of 2
hxrincg, fr. here, an army, tr. their great shoals; cf. vowels in 2 successive syllables or words. [L., p. p.
W. ysgadan, herrings, fr. cad, a host, army.] of Mare, to yawn s. rt. yawn, chasm.] ;

Hers, hgrz, Herself. See Her. Hibernal, hi-ber r nal, a. Belonging or relating to
Herschel, her'shel, n. A planet discovered by Dr. winter; wintry; win terish. [F.; L. hibernalis, hiber-
Herschel, in 1781, —
now called Uranus. nus ; s. rt. L. hiems, winter, Gr. chion, Skr. hima,
Herse, hers, n. (Fort.) A lattice or portcullis in the snow.]— Hi'bernate, -nat, v. i. To winter; to pass
form of a harrow a harrow used instead of a che val-
; the winter in seclusion, esp. in lethargic sleep, as
de-frise. A hearse. [Same as hearse.'] bats, bears, etc. —
Hiberna'tion, n. Act of, etc.
Hesitate, hez'Y-tat, v. t. To stop or pause respecting Hibernian, hi-ber' nl-an, a. Pert, to Hibernia, now
decision or action; to be in suspense or uncertainty,
j

Ireland Irish. ;n. —

A native or inhabitant of Ire-
doubt, waver, scruple to stop in speaking, falter,
; land; a Milesian.— Hiber'nianism, -nicism, -nY-sizm,
stammer. [L. hsesitare, -tatum, intens. form of n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar to, etc.
—
'

hserere, to hang or hold fast.] Hesitation, re. Act Hibiscus, hi-bis'kus, n. A genus of plants, some spe-
of hesitating. [F.] —
Hesitancy, -tan-sY, re. Act of cies bearing showy flowers, some edible, some yield-
hesitating or doubting; doubt action or manner of ; ing mucilage or fiber. [L.]
one who hesitates; indecision. Hiccough, Hiccup, Hickup. hik'kup, re. A spasmodic
Hesper, hes'per, Hes'perus, n. The evening star. — contraction of the diaphragm and adjacent parts,
Hespe'rian, -rY-an, a. Western; occidental. producing a sudden sound, usually caused by gas-
Hessian Fly, hesh'an-fli, n. small, two-winged A tric derangement; the sound itself. v. i. [hic- —
fly, or midge, nearly black, destructive to young coughed (-kupt), -coughing.] To have, etc. [Ono-
wheat, —
supposed to have been brought into Amer. mat.; F. hoquet, D. and Armor, hik, Dan. hikke, W.
by the Hessian troops, during the Revolution. ig, a hiccough; D. hikken, Dan. hikke, to hiccough.]
Hest, hest, re. Command precept order. [AS. has, ; ; Hickory, hik r o-rY, n. A
nut-bearing American tree of
fr. hatan, to call', bid.] several species, having strong, tenacious wood.
Hetchel. Same as Hackle. Hicksite. hiks'it, n. A follower of Elias Hicks, who se-
Heteroclite, het'er-o-klit, n. (Gram.') word which A ceded fr. the Society of Friends in the U. S., in 1827.
is irregular or anomalous, esp. a noun irregular in Hid, Hidden. See Hide, v. t.
declension. Any thing or person deviating from Hidage. See under Hide (of land).
common forms. [Gr. heteroklitos, fr. heteros, other, Hidalgo, hi-daKgo, n. In Spain, a nobleman of the
and klinein, to lean, inflect.] Het'eroclite, -clit'- — lower class; a gentleman by birth. [Sp., contr. fr.
ic, -clifical, a. Deviating from ordinary forms hijo de algo, son of something hijo, OSp. figo, L. ;

or rules; irregular; anomalous; abnormal.— Het'er- filius, son; algo, L. aliquod, something.]
odox, a. Contrary to some acknowledged standard, Hide, hid, v. t. [imp. hid; p. p. hid, hidden; hiding. 1
as the Bible, creed of a church, etc. ; not orthodox ; To withhold, or withdraw from sight to conceal ;

holding opinions or doctrines contrary to some ac- from knowledge, keep secret, disguise, dissemble,
knowledged standard. [Gr. doxa, opinion.] Het'- — screen to protect from danger, defend.
; v. i. To —
erodox'y, -doks'Y, re. Heresy an opinion or doc- ; lie concealed or secreted; to keep one's self out of
trine contrary to some established standard. Het'- — view. [AS. hidan, hydan, Gr. keuthein, to hide; s.
eroge'neal, -je'ne-al, -neous, -us, a. Differing in rt. L. custos, a protector, E. sky.] Hide-and-seek. — A
kind ; having unlike qualities dissimilar. TGr. play in which children hide themselves, and another
genos, race, fr. genein, to beget.] Het'erogene'ity,
;

— seeks them.— Hid'er,w. Hid'ing, n. Concealment. —

-ne'Y-tY, Het'eroge'neousness, n. Het'erogen'esis, — Hide, hid, n. The skin of a beast, raw or dressed; the
«. Spontaneous generation; descent, in which suc- human skin, — so called in contempt.—?;, t. To
cessive generations differ from each other; produc- flog, whip. [AS. hyd, OHG.
hut, L. cutis, Gr. kutos,
tion of a living being by beings of a different spe- skutos, skin, hide; to conceal.]— Hide'-
same as hide,
cies, —opp. to homogenesis or gamogenesis. [Gr. gen- bound, a. Having the skin stuck so closely to the
esis, fr. genein.'] —
Het'erog'enist, n. A believer in, ribs and back, as not to be easily loosened or raised;
etc. —Het'erop'athy, -thi, n. (Med.) Treatment having the bark so close as to impede growth.
of disease by supplanting one morbid condition by Hide, hid, n. (O. Eng. Law.) house or dwelling; a A
another and different one, applied by homceop- — portion of land, differently estimated at 60, 80, or
=
athists to the ordinary medict-l practice. [Gr. jm- 100 acres. [LL. hida, fr. AS. hid, contr. fr. higid
thein, to suffer.] hiwisc, an estate sufficient to support a household;
Hetman, het'man, -mans. A Cossack com-
re. ; pi. s. rt. AS. hiwan, domestics, a household, E. hire.]
—
mander-in-chief. [Pol. hetman, Russ. ataman, fr. G. Hid'age, -ej, n. A
tax formerly paid to the King of
hauptmann, head man, chieftain.] Eng. for every hide of land.
Hew, hu, v. t. {imp. hewed; p. p. hewed (hud) or Hideous, hid'e-us, a. Frightful or shocking to the
hewn (hun); hewing.] To cut with an ax, shape eye; distressing to the ear hateful grim grisly ; ; ; ;

with a sharp instrument, chop, hack. [AS. heawan, terrible. [ME. hidous, OF. liidos, hideus, hisdos,
OHG. houwan ; s. rt. L. cudere, to strike, pound, E. perh. fr. L. hispidosus, fr. hispidiis, rough, bristly.]
hoe.] —Hew'er, n. One who hews wood or stone. — Hid'eou3ly, adv. Hid'eousness, re. —
Hexad, heks'ad, n. (Chem.) An atom whose equiv- Hie, hi, v. i. L H,Er (hid), hying.] To hasten. [AS.
>

alence is 6, or which can be combined with, substi
tuted for, or replaced by, 6 atoms of hydrogen. [Gr.
hexas, hexados, the number 6, fr. hex, six, q. v.]
Hex'achord, -kord, n. (Mus.) An interval of 4 tones
and 1 semitone a scale of fi notes an instrument
: ;
with 6 strings. [Gr. hex and chorde, chord.] Hex'-
agon, n. (Geom.) A plane figure of (i sides and 6
angles. [Gr. gonia, angle.] Hexag'onal, a. Hav-
higian; s. rt. Gr. kiein, to go, L. ciere, to summon,
citns, quick, Skr. ci, to sharpen, E. cite, hone.]
— Hierarch, hKe-rark, n. One who rules or has author-
ity in sacred things; chief of asacred order. [Gr. hi-
erarches, fr. hieros, sacred (orig. vigorous; s. rt. Skr.
— ishiras, vigorous, fresh), and archos, leader, archein.
to rule see Arch, a.] —
Hi'erarch'al, a. Pert, to a
— hierarch.
:

—
Hi'erarch'y, -rark'Y, n. Dominion sa- m
ing, etc. —
Hex'ahe'dron, n. regular solid body A cred things; the body of persons having ecclesiastical
of 6 equal faces a cube. [Gr. hedra, seat, base.] — authority; a government administered by the priest-
;

Hex'ahe'dral, a. Of the figure of, etc. Hexam'- — hood. [F. hierarchie, Gr. Merarchia.] Hi'erarch'- —
eter, n. (Gr. & Lat. Pros.) verse of (J feet, either A ical, a. Pert, to a hierarchy. Hi'erat'ic, a. Con- —
dactyls or spondees, —
a. Having, etc. [Gr. me tron, secrated to sacred uses; sacerdotal; pert, to priests,
measure.] —
Hex'amet'ric, -rical, a. Consisting of, — applied to a mode of ancient
etc. —
Hexan'gular, -ar/gu-ler, a. Having 6 angles Egyptian writing, being the
or corners. —
Hex'apla, -a-pla, n. collection of A sacerdotal character. [Gr. .

the Holv Scriptures in 6 languages or (i versions. hieratikos, fr. hierateuein, to I

£|
[Gr., fr.'hexaploos, -pious, six fold.] Hex'aplar, a. — be a priest, fr. hieros.] — Hier-
Sextuple; containing 6 columns. oglyph, -glif -glyph'ic, n. A
Hey, ha, interj. An
exclamation expressive of joy or sac red character,
,

esp. the —
exhortation. [G. and D. hei.] Hey'day', interj.
An expression of frolic, exultation, or wonder. [G.
— picture-writing of the ancient
Egyptian priests; the figure of
;j^avJ!3
heida, D. hei daar, hallo! hot there; G.da, D. daar an animal, etc., standing for a
= E. there.] phrase, word, or letter any ;

Heyday, ha 'da, re. A

frolic; wildness. [Corrupt, of character or figure having a
hmh day.] mysterious significance. [Gr.
Hieroglyphics.
Hiatus, hi-a'tus, n. ; L. pi. same as sing.; E. pi. -tuses. hierogluphikos : g lu v h e i n, to

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm Ice ; 6dd, tone, or ;
 HIGGLE 259 HIPPOCAMPUS
hollow out, engrave: see Glyph.] — Hieroglyphic, T-tT, n. Pleasurable excitement of the spirits; glee;
-ical, a. Emblematic; expressive ot some meaning merriment; jollity. [F. hilarity.]
by characters, pictures, or figures; obscure enig- ;
j

Hill, hil, n. An eminence less than a mountain; the

—
i

matical. —
Hi'eroglyphlcally, a</v. Hi'erogram, earth raised about the root of a plant; a group of
plants growing together, and having earth heaped
j

n. A speeies of sacred writing. [Gr. gramma, letter,

— up about them. —
v. t. [hilled (hild), hilling.] To
graphein, to write.] Hi'erographlc, -ical, ". Pert,
to sacred writing. Hi /
erol —
/ ogy, -jl, n. A discourse surround with earth. [AS. hyll, 01). hil; s. rt. L.
on sacred things; esp. science of the ancient writ- collis, a hill, celsus, lofty, admen, a top; not s. rt G-
ings and inscriptions of the Egyptians. LGr. hiero- huegel, a hill.] —
Hill'y, -T, a. Abounding with, etc.
logia; logos, discourse.] —
Hi'eroman'cy, ». Divi- — Hill'iness, n. —
Hill'ock, n. A small hill.
nation by observing things offered in sacrifice. Hilt, hilt, n. The handle- of anything, esp. of a sword,
[Gr. manteia, divination.] Hierophant, hi-er'o- — dagger, or cutting instrument. [AS. perh. s. rt. L. ;

or hi'e-ro-fant, n. A
priest; one who teaches the
|

gludius, sword; not s. rt. hold.~\

mysteries of religion. [Gr. phainein, to show, make Hilum, hilum, m. (Bot.) The mark or scar where a
known: see Phantom.] seed was attached to its base eye of a ;

Higgle, etc. See under Hack, v. t. bean. etc. [L., a little thing, trifle.]
Higgledy-piggledy, hig / gl-dl-pig gl-d'i, adv. In con-
/,
Him, Himself. SeeunderHE.
fusion; topsv-turvy. Hind, hind, n. The female of the red
High, hi, a. Of great altitude elevated raised up ; ; ;
-
deer or stag. [AS., 1c, Dan., and Sw.]
lofty sublime distinguished sometimes equiv- Hind, hind, n. A peasant; rustic; swaiu;
; ; ;
j
aiium.
alent to great, used indefinitely; possessing some agricultural laborer. [AS. hina, for hina
characteristic quality in a marked degree; proud; |
man, man of the domestics hina hiwena, gen. oi
;
=
violent forcible intense dear in price promi- ; ; hiwan, pi., domestics. See Hive.]
—
; ;

nent; eminent, used in technical senses, as, (Fine Hind, hind, a. [hinder, hindmost or hindermost.]
Arts) wrought so as to be prominent from the sur- I Placed in the rear, and not in front. [AS. hind an,
face, also, in an elevated style; {Law & Politics) re- at tiie back of, hinder, backwards; rt. AS. hine, .-.

—
\

lating to, or derived from the sovereignty of a state, hence, q. v.] Hind'er, a. Pert, to that part in the
as, high-trea.son; (Chron.) remote in time or antiqui- rear, or which follows. —
Hin'der, hTn'der, v. t.
ty; (Cookery.) strong-scented, as tending toward pu- [-dered (-derd), -dering.] To prevent from mov-
trefaction ( Gear/. ) remote from the equator, north ing forward; to check or retard in progress; to em-
;

or south (Mus.) acute or sharp,

;
adv. In a high — barrass, shut out, interrupt, obstruct, impede, de-
manner; to a great altitude; eminently; profound- lav.— v.i. To interpose or cause impediments. [AS.
ly; powerfully.— n. An elevated place; superior hindrian, fr. hinder.] — Hin'derance, -drance, n. Act
region. [AS. fieah, OHG. hoh, orig. knoblike; s. rt. of, or that which^etc Hin'derer, n. —
G. hocken, to set in heaps, Ic. haugr, a mound, Skr. Hindoo, -du, hiii'doo, n. ; pi. -doos or -dus, -dooz. One
kuch, to bend.] —
High day. (Script.) A holy or of a race inhabiting Hindostan an adherent of ;

festive day. —
H. Dutch, or H. German. The G. [
Brahmanism. [Hind. Hindi, Hinduwi, Hindustani,
language, as spoken in the elevated southern part a dweller on the banks of the river Sindhu, Skr. for
—
i

of Germany the cultivated German, or language

; Indus.] Hin'dooism, -duism, -doo-izm, n. The
spoken by the educated classes: see under German. doctrines, rites, or religious principles of the Hin-
— H. life. Life among the aristocracy. H. living. — doos ; Brahmanism. —
Hindoostan'ee, -dustan'i,
A feeding upon rich food. H. Mass. (Rom. Cat h. — -stan'e, a. Of, or pert, to, the Hindoos or their lan-
Church.) Mass performed by a choir in a specially guage.— n. The camp and court language of the
solemn manner. —
H. noon. Time when the sun is Hindoos. —
Hin'dee, -di. -de, ?i. The purest modern
in the meridian. —
H. seas. The waters of the ocean dialect of, etc. —
Hin'dui, -cloo-e, n. The language
three miles or more from the coast line. H. time. — of, etc., before the Mussulman invasion, a pure —
Quite time. —
H. treason. Treason against the sov- Aryan tongue.
ereign or state, being the highest eivil offense. — Hinge, hinj, n. The hook or joint on which a door,
H. water. The utmost flow or greatest elevation of gate, lid, etc., turns that on which anything de-
the tide; also, the time of such elevation. H. ivine. — j
;

pends or turns; a governing principle, rule, or point.

Distilled wine; brand}'; also, pure or undiluted al- — v. t. [hinged (hinjd), hinging.] To furnish
cohol. —
Highly, -IT, adv. —
High'ness, n. State of with hinges. v. i.—To stand, depend, or turn, as
being, etc.; a title of honor given to princes, etc. — on a hinge. [ME. henge, fr. AS. hanyian, Ic. hengja,
—
i

Hight, n. Same as Height, q. v. High/land, n. to hang, q. v.]

Elevated land; a mountainous region. Higb/land- — j

Hinny, hinliT, n. The produce of a stallion and a

er, n. An inhabitant of highlands; esp. ot the High- she-ass; a mule. [L. hinnits, Gr. hinnos, ginnos.]
j

—
I

lands of Scotland. Higb/way, n. public road; A Hint, hint, v. t. To bring to mind by a slight men-
way open to all passengers; path; course. High/- — j

tion or remote allusion; to allude to, suggest, im-

ply, —v. i. To make an indirect reference, etc. — n.
I

wayman, n. ; pi. -mex. One who robs on the public

—
I

road; a highway robber. High'-born, a. Of noble ]

A distant allusion; slight mention; intimation; in-
birth or extraction. bred, a. Bred in high life sinuation; suggestion. [AS. hentan, to seize, hunt
courtly. —
-church, a. Inclined to magnify the au-
;

after; s. rt. hit, hunt.]

thority and jurisdiction or ecclesiastical rites and Hip, hip, n. The lateral parts of the pelvis and the
—
I

ceremonies of a church, usually applied to such] hip joint, with the flesh covering them; the haunch.
as attach the highest importance to the episcopal (Arch.) The external angle formed by the meeting
office and the apostolic succession. church'ism, of 2 sloping sides of a roof. [AS. hype, prob. orig. a
bend, hump s. rt. Gr. kuptein, to bend forward,
n. Principles of the high-church party.
man, n. One who holds, etc.
travagant in pretensions or manners.
fti'er, n.
church'
One ex-
flown, a.
— ;

kuphos, bent, also a hump, E. hump, hoop, hop.]

To have on the flip. To have the advantage of. To —
—
Elevated swelled proud turgid extravagant.—
; ; ; ;
\

smite h. and thigh. To defeat utterly. Hip'shot, a. —

-hand'ed, a. Overbearing oppressive arbitrary ; ; ; Having one hip lower than the other. Hip'-roof, n. —
violent. mind'ed, a. Proud arrogant ; of, "or ; I A roof having sloping ends and sides.
pert, to, elevated principles and feelings magnan- ; Hip, hip, n. The fruit of the rose. [AS. heop.]
imous. press'ure, a. (Steam Eng.) Having a : Hipped, hipt, Hip'pish, a. Somewhat hypochondriac.
steam pressure exceeding about 50 pcunds on the [Contr. of hypochondriac]
A Hippocampus, hip-po-kamp'us, n. A small armor-
)

square inch. road, n. highway a much fre- ;

quented or traveled road. sea'soned, a. Enriched plated fish, with equine head and neck and pre-
with spices or other seasoning.
Pompous; noisy; ostentatious.
sound'ing, a.
spir'ited, a. Full
of spirit or natural fire ; easily irritated irascible ;
— ;
\
hensile
One
tail, allied to the pipe-fish; sea-horse. (Myth.)
Xeptune's horses, half horse and half fish.
of
[Gr. hippocampos,fr. hippos, horse, and kamptein, to
toned, a. High in tone or sound; —
Hippocen'taur, -senlawr, n. (Myth.) A
bold; daring.
noble; elevated. —
wrought, a. Wrought with ex-
quisite art or skill; inriamed to a high degree.
bend.]
fabulous monster, half man and half horse. [See
Centaur.]— Hip'podrome, -drom, n. A circus, or
Bight, hit, v. i. {imp. and p. p. hight, hot, hote, place in which horse-races and chariot-races are per-
hoten.] To be called or named. [The only English formed. [Gr. dromos, race course.] Hip'pogrifi, n. —
passive verb ; obs.] [ME. highte, AS. hatte, I am (Myth.) A monster, half horse and half griffin: a
called, hatan, to be called, Goth, haitan, to call, winged hor.se. [Gr. grups, griffin.] Hippoph'agous, —
name; s. rt. hest.] -pofa-gus, u. Feeding on horses. [Gr. pfiagein, to
Hilarious, hi-la'rT-us, a. Mirthful merry jovial ; ; ; eat.]— Hippoph'agy, -a-jT, n. Act or practice of, etc.—
jolly. [L. hilaris, -rns, Gr. hilaros, gay, fr. hilaos, Hip'popot'amus, n Eny.pl. -muses, L. pi. -MI.
. ,•

propitious, kind; s. rt. exhilarate.] Hilarity, -lar'- — A herbivorous pachydermatous aquatic quadruped
sun, cube, full; moon, f<36t ; cow, oil; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 «

HIPPOCRAS 260 HOBNOB

of. Africa, having a to raise or pull with a jerk. — n. A catch ; impedi-
very large muzzle, ment; temporary obstacle or stoppage. (zVairf.) A
small eyes and ears, knot or noose in a rope for fastening it to a ring or
thick and heavy other object. [ME. hicchtn; cf. Scot, hocch, to move
"body, short legs, a by jerks; not s. rt. hook.]
6hort tail, and skin Hither, hith'er, adv. To this place. a. On the side —
without except
hair, or direction toward the person speaking; nearer.
at the extremity of [AS. hider, hidher, Goth, hidre, h.citra; s. rt he,
the tail. (L.; Gr. hip- ef. hence] —Hith'erto', -too', adv. To this place; up
po/iotamos; 2X>Uuno$,
Hippopotamus.
to this time; as yet; until now, Hith'erward, adv. —
river.] This way; toward this place; hither.
Hippoeras, hip'po-kras, (Med.) Wine with an in- Hive, hlv, n. A fox or other place for a swarm of
fusion ot spices and other ingredients, used as a cor- honey-bees to live in; a swarm of bees; crowded or
dial. [Orig., wine of Hippocrates, — so called by busy place; company; crowd. — v. t. [hived (hf\ J).
apothecaries because supposed to be made according hiving.] To collect into, or cause to enter, a hive;
to the prescription of Hippocrates.] to collect and lay up in store. — v. i. To take shelter
Hire, hTr, v. t. [hired (hlrd), hiking.] To procure or lodgings together. [AS. hyfe, orig. house, hiw-
(the services of another, or a chattel or estate) for neden, 1c. hju, household; s. rt. Skr. ci, Gr. keimai,
temporary use, for a compensation;, to contract with to lie down, L. civis, a citizen, E. civic, city, ceme-
for wages; to bribe; to grant the use of, forcompen- tery, quiet, hide, hire, etc.] Hiv'er, n. One who —
Bation; to let, lease, —n. Price, reward, or compen- collects bees into a hive.4

sation for the temporary use of anvthing; recom- Hives, htvz, n. (Med.) A disease, the croup; also an
pense for personal service; wages; "salary; pay; a eruptive disease, allied to chicken-pox. [Scot.]
bribe. [AS. h>jr; prob. s. it. AS. hired, family.house- Ho, Hoa; ho. interj. Halloo! oho! oh! attend! a call —
hold, E. hind, servant, hive.]— Hire'ling, ». One to excite attention, or to give notice of approach;
hired; a mercenary.
mercenary. —
Hir'er'. n.
—
a. Serving for wages; venal; stop! standstill! hold! whoa! [1c. ho, ho. hoa, to
shout " Ho!" D. hou, hold! stop! fr. houden, to hold.]
Hirsute, hgr-sat', a. Rough with hair; set with bris- Hoar, hOr, a. White, or grayish-white; gray or white
tles; hairy; shaggy, [h. hirsutus; e. rt. horrere, to with age; hoary. [AS. har, la. harr; perh. s. rt. Skr.
bristle. See Horror.] —
Hirsnte'BesB, n. cara, variegated ill color (used of hair mixed with
His, hiz, pron. See He. white); not s. ft. Ic. har— E. high, nor E. hair.] —
Hispid, his'pid, a. Rough with bristles or minute Hoar'y, -I, a. White or whitish; hoar. (Bol.) Cov-
spines; bristly. [L. hispichts.] ered with short, dense, grayish-white hairs.— Hoar'-
Hiss, his. v. i. [hissed (hist), hissing.] To make a tness,w.— Hoar'-frest, n. The white particles formed
sound like that of the letter s, esp. in contempt or by congelation of dew. Hoar'hound. Hore 'hound, —
disapprobation; to make a like sound, as a goose or ». A bitter plant, one species of whioh is used for
serpent, or as water thrown on hot metal, or steam coughs. [AS. hune or harhune, fr. ha>' (the stem being
escaping through a narrow orifice; to glide with a hoarV) and hune, strong-scented; s. rt. D. cvnila, Gr.
whizzing noise. —
u.t. To condemn by hissi'fg; to konile, a species of strong-smelling origanum.]
procure disgrace for. n. —
A sound like that of s, Hoard, hord, n. A store of anything laid up; a hidden
esp. as a mark of disapprobation; voice of a goose stock; treasure. —
v. U - To collect and lay up; to
or serpent. [Onomat. ; AS. hysian, OD. hisschen, store secretly. —
v. i. .To collect a hoard, lay up a
D. st'3sen, G. zischen.] —
Hissing, n. A hiss; occa- store. [AS. hord, a hoard, lit. thing housed, hordian,
sion of contempt; object ot scorn and derision. to hoard; s. it. /rouse.] iioard'er, w. —
Hist, hist, interj. Hush; be silent,— a word command- Hoarse. h5rs, a. Having u harsh, rough, grating voice,
ing silence. [Peih. same as his*: cf. Dan. Ays, si- as when affected with a cold; rough; discordant.
lence hysse, hush; and cf. E. whist.]
! [ME. hoos, hors, AS. has] Hoarsely, adv. — —
Histology, his-tol'o-jl, u. Science of the minute struc- Hoarseliess, n.
ture of the tissues of plants, animals, etc. [Gr. histos, Hoax, hOks, n. A deceptive trick or story; a practical
a web, and logos, discourse.] joke.— v. t. [hoaxed (hokst), hoaxing.] To de-
History, his'to-rT, ». A statement of what is known: ceive; to play a trick upon for sport, or without mal-
arecond; description; a narrative of events; a state- ice. [Corrupt, of hocus-pocus ; not fr. AS. hux, husc,
ment of the progress of a nation or an institution, a taunt.] —
Ho'cus, v t. To deceive or cheat, to
with philosophical inquiries respecting effects and adulterate, drug. —
n. One who, etc.— Ho'cas-po'-
causes. [L. and Gr. historia, fr. Gr. histor, for idtor, cus, n. A juggler; juggler's trick. v. t. Tocheat. —
knowing, learned, fr. eidenai, to know.] Natural —
[Cf. Hokos-I'vkos, name of a juggler in Ben Jonson's
history. Description and classification of objects in " Magnetic Lady,"— the formula of a juggler when
nature, as minerals, plants, animals, etc., and the playing a trick being, "Hocus pocus, tontus, talonlus,
phenomena which they exhibit to the senses. His- —
vade celeriter, jubeo " said also to be corrupt, of
,

io'rian, n. A writer or compiler of history; chron- "Hoc est corpus," said by priests when elevating the
icler; annalist. —
Historic,, -tor'ik, -ical, a. Con- host.]
taining, pert, to, contained or exhibited in, deduced Hob, hob, n. The nave of a wheel, the flat shelf at the
from, or representing history. —
Historical painting. side of a grate, where things are placed to be kept
That branch of painting which represents events of warm. [Same as hub and hump, q v ] — Hob'nail, *.
history, with regard to time, place, and accessories, A thick-headed nail for shoes.
and with exercise of imaginative art. —
The historic Hob, hob, n. A clown rustic fairy. [A personal . ;

seme. Capacity to represent the unity of a past age.
— Historically, adv. —
Histo'riog'rapher, -fer, n.
A historian; writer of history; esp. an officer em-
ployed to write the history of a prince or state. [Gr. Hobble, hob hi, r. t. (-bi.ed (-bid), -blino ] To walk
graphcin, to write.]— Histo'riog'raphy, -IT, n. Art
or employment of, etc.
Histrionic, h|s-trT-on /'ik, -ical, a. Pert, to a stage-
player, or to playing; theatrical. (L. histrionicus,
fr. histrio, a player.] —
Histrionically, adv.
Hit, hit, v. t. [imi>. & p. )>. hit; hittixg ] To reach
with a stroke or blow; esp. to reach or touch an ob-
ject aimed at, as a mark, usually with force; to reach
or attain exactly, accord with, suif v. i. . —
To meet
or come in contact, strike; to succeed in an attempt. Hobby, hob'bY, Hob'by-horse, n. A strong, active
— n. A collision; the stroke or blow that touches
anything, —often with implied luck or chance: an
apt expression or turn of thought. [Tc. and Sw.
hxtta, Dan. hilte, to hit upon, fit; prob. s. rt. Goth.
Itmitau, to catch, E. hint.]— To hit off. To describe
with hits or characteristic strokes. — To hit on, or
upon. To light upon; to come to by chance.
Hitch, hich, ». [hitched (hicht), hitching.] To Hobnob, hob'nob, adv. Take or not take, a famil-
i".
become entangled, caught, linked, or yoked; to
move spasmodically by jerks, or with stops; to
fidget, move. —v. t. To fasten, unite, yoke, harness;
name, corrupt, of fiol/in. Robert, — whence the sur-
names Hohbs, Hobson. Hopkins, etc.] Hob'goblin, —
n. An imp; frightful apparition [Sec Goblin]
lainely, bearing chiefly on one leg; to limp: to move
roughly or irregulaily. v. t. To hopple, clog. n. — —
An unequal, halting^ gait; difficulty; perplexity
[Freq. of hoj>, q. v.;D. hobbelen, to ride on "a. hobbyr
horse (q. v.), stammer, stutter, Prov. G hcpp'-ln, to
hop. hobble.] Hob'bler, n. — Hob'bly, -bli, a. —
Causing to hobble; lull of holes; rough, — said of a
road. —
Hob'bledehoy', -de-hoi', -tehoy', h. A strip-
ling; a youth between boyhood and manhood.
horse, of middle siz.e; an ambling horse; a nag; 8
stick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride; a sub-
ject upon which one is constantly setting off; a fav-
orite theme of discourse, thought, or effort. [ME.
and OF. hobin, a nag, It. ubino, puny, OD. hobben, to
toss up and down, OSw. hoppa, a young mare, also
to hop; s. -rt. hop. See Hobble.]
—
iar invitation to reciprocal drinkiDg.— v i. To drink
or feast familiarly. [AS. habban, to have, and nab'
ban, to have not, fr. ne, not, and habban]

fame, far, pes& cr opera, fare i end, eve, term i In. Ice ; odd. tfiu*. fir
 HOCK 261 HOLY
Bock, hok, n. The hough, q. v. See Horse. v. t. — — To h. to, or with. To take sides with a person or
To hamstring; to hough, [bee Hough.] opinion.— 7b /(. together. To remain in union.—
Hock, hok, n. A light-yellowish Rhenish wine, either Hold'er, n. —
Hold'ing, n. A tenure; thing held;
sparkling or still. [I r. Hochheim, Germany.] hold; influence; power. Hold'back, ». Check; —
Hockey, hok'Y, n. A game at ball played with a club hindrance; restraint; iron or strap on the thill of a
hooked at the bottom. [Fr. hook, q. v. vehicle, by irhich the harness holds it back when
Hocus, Hocus-pocus. See under Hoax. going down hill.— Hold'-fast, n. A catch, hook, etc.,
Hod, hod, n. A trough or box on a handle for carrying to secure something else.
mortar and brick; a coal-scuttle. [F., OD., and G. Hold, hold, n. The interior cavity of a vessel, in which
hotte; prob. s. rt. hut.} — Hod'man, n. ; pi. -men. the cargo is stowed. See Ship. [D. hoi; same as
One who carries a hod; a mason's tender. hole, q. v.]
Hodgepodge, hoj'poj, n. A mixed mass; a medley of Hole, hoi, n. A hollow place or cavity; an excavation
ingredients. [See Hotchpotch.] in the ground, or a natural cavity inhabited by an
Hodiernal, ho-dT-gr'nal, a. Of, or pert, to, the pres- animal; a low, narrow, or dark lodging aperture; ;

ent day. [L. hodiernus, fr. hodie, to-day, contr. fr. perforation; rent; pit; den; cell. [AS., D., Ic, and
hoc die, on this day.] OHG. hoi, a cave; AS. holen, p. p. of helan, to hide.]
Hoe, ho, n. An instrument for cutting up weeds and —
Hollow, hSl'lo, a. Containing an empty space,
loosening the earth, —v. t. [hoed (hod), hoeing.] within a solid substance; not solid; sunken; rever-
To cut, dig, scrape, or clean, or to clear from weeds, berated from a cavity, or resembling such a rever-
or to loosen or arrange the earth about, with a hoe. berated sound; not sincere or faithful. n. A cav- —
— v. i. To use, or labor with, a hoe. [F. hove, OHG. ity hole; excavation a low spot surrounded by
—
; ;

houwa, a hoe; s. rt. E. hew.] —

Hoe'cake. n. coarse A elevations concavity. ; v. t. [hollowed (-lod),
cake, of Indian meal, baked before the fire, or in the -lowing.] To make hollow, excavate. adv. So as —
ashes, — sometimes on a hoe; a johnny-cake. to make hollow, or empty of resources, strength,
Hog, hog, n. A swine; porker; esp. a castrated boar; etc.; completely. [AS. holh, holg, a hollow place, fr.
a mean, filthy, or greedy fellow, —
the domesti- hoi.)— Hol'lowness, n. Hol'low heart'ed, a. In- —
cated animal, kept for lard and pork, being com- sincere; false; not sound and true.
moaly trained to gluttonous and filthy habits.— Holiday, Holiness, etc. See under Holy.
v. t. [hogged (hogd), -ging.] To cut short the hair Holland, hol'land, n. A kind of linen first manufac-
of. — v. i. To become bent upward in the middle, tured in Holland. —
Hollands, n. Gin made in, etc.
like a hog's back. [ME.; perh. fr. W. hivch, a sow. Hollo, -loa, hoKlo or hol-lo', -la, -la, interj. & n. Ho;
Armor, and Corn, hoch, a hog; s. rt. Ir. suig, AS. attend here. ;
—
Hollo, hollo or hol-lo', Hol'la, -la,
suga, L. sus, Gr. hus, a sow, q. v.; or perh. fr. Scot. [-laed (-lad), -laing.] v. i. To call out or exclaim;
hag, to cut: cf. Prov. G. hacksh, a boar, fr. hacken, to halloo. [F. hold, fr. interj. ho and la, there; not
to cut.] — Hog of wool. Trade name for the fleece the same as halloo, q. v.] Hol'low, -lo, interj. and —
of sheep of the 2d year. [Prov. E. hog, hogget, a v. t. Same as Hollo.
—
young sheep.] Hog'gish, a. Having the qualities Hollow, Hollowness, etc. See under Hole.
of ahog; gluttonous; filthy; selfish; swinish.— Hog'- Holly, hoFlY, n. An evergreen tree or shrub having
8ty, -sti, n. A pen or house for swine. —
Hog'-frame, glossy green prick-
n. A fore-and-aft truss, on steamboats, to prevent ly leaves, and bear-
vertical flexure. herd, n. A keeper of swine. — ing berries that
•pen, n. A hogsty. turn red or yellow
Hogshead, hogz'hed, n. An Eng. measure of capaci- about Michael-
ty = 63 wine gallons, or 52i imperial gallons; in U. mas; also the holm
S., a large cask, of indefinite contents. [Corrupt, of oak, an evergreen
OD. oshoofd, 6. oxhofd, a hogshead, perh. fr. an — oak. [ME. holin,
ox-head, branded on casks.] AS. holen, Armor.
Hoiden, Hoyden, hoi'dn, n. A
rude, bold girl; a romp. kelen; perh. s. rt.
— a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. [OD. heyden, L. culmen, a peak,
a heathen, gentile, gipsy, vagabond, fr. heyde, a the leaves being
heath; cf. Heathen.] —
Hoi'denish, a. Like, etc. pointed.]
Hoist, hoist, v. t. To raise, lift; esp. to lift by means Hollyhock, hol'lT-
of tackle. — n. That by which anything is hoisted; hok, n. A tall
act of hoisting. (Naut.) The perpendicular height flowering plant of
of a flag or sail. [OD. hyssen, to hoist.] Hoist'- — many varieties
way, n. An opening in floors of a warehouse, etc., rose-mallow. [ME.
through which to hoist goods. holihoc, f r noli .

Hoity-toity, hoi'tY-toi'ti, a. Thoughtless, giddy, (as brought f r. the

flighty,— used also as an exclamation, denoting sur- Holy Land), and
prise, _with some degree of contempt. AS. 'hoc, a mallow.]
Hold, hold, v. t. [held or (Laio) holden; holding.] Holm, holm or horn,
To sustain, restrain, keep in the grasp, retain; to Holm Oak, n. The Holly.
maintain possession of, or authority over, defend; evergreen oak.
to be in possession of, derive title to; to impose re- [Corrupt, fr. ME. holin. See Holly.]
straint upon; to keep up in being or action, carry on, Holm, holm or horn, n. An islet, or river isle; a low,
continue; to prosecute, nave, take, or join in; to con- flat tractof rich land on the banks of a river. [AS.,
tain, as a vessel, anything put into it; to have ca- amound, billow; Dan., a quay, dockyard; G., a hill,
pacity for; to accept (an opinion), maintain; to con- island, dockyard; s. rt. L. columen, culmen, moun-
sider, regard, account, —v. i. To keep one's self in tain top, collis, hill.]
a given position or condition; to remain fixed, as, to Holocaust, hoKo-kawst, n. burnt sacrifice or offer- A
halt, stop, — mostly in the imperative; or, to remain ing, wholly consumed by fire a great slaughter. ;

unbroken or unsubdued;
or, to last, endure; or, to [Gr. holokauston, fr. holos, whole, entire, and kaiein,
be valid, continue on being tested; or, to remain at- tut. kauso, to burn.] Holograph, -graf, n. Any —
tached, cleave; to derive right or title, n. Act of — writing, as a letter, deed, will, etc., wholly in the
holding; manner of holding, whether firm or loose; handwriting of the one from whom it proceeds. [Gr.
seizure; grasp; authority to take or keep; claim; graphein, to write.] —
Holograpb/ic, a. Of the na-
binding powerand influence; something which may ture of, or pert, to, etc.
be seized for support; place of confinement; prison; Holster, hoKster, n. A leather case for a pistol, car-
custody; a fortified place. (Mus.) A
character [thus, ried by a horseman. [D., fr. hidlen, to cover, dis-
fZ\] placed over or under a note or rest, indicating guise; s. rt. AS. hoi =
E. hole, also, E. hull, q. v.]
that it is to be prolonged. [AS. healduu, Dan. holde, Holt, holt, n. A
wood; esp. a woody hill. [AS. and
to hold.]— To hold Jorth. To offer, put forward; to Ic. orig. cover, shelter; s. rt. holster, etc.]
speak in public, harangue. —
To h. in. To restrain, Holy, ho'lT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Set apart to the ser-
curb. — To h. off. To keep at a distance. To h. on. — vice or worship of God; hallowed; sacred; accept-
—
To continue, go on. To h. one's own. To keep good able to God free from sinful affections ; pure ;
one's present condition. (JVaut.) To keep up; not
;

guiltless. [AS. halig, fr. hal, whole.] Holy office. —

to be left behind. —
To h. out. To extend, stretch —
The Inquisition. 77. of holies. (Script.) The in-
forth; to continue to suffer, endure. —
To h. up. To nermost apartment of the Jewish tabernacle or tem-
raise, lift; to support one's self; to cease raining; to ple, where the ark was kept. 77. One. The Supreme —
keep up; not fall behind. — To h. over. To remain Being.— 77. water. (Gr. & Jiom. CatJi. Churches.)
in office, possession, etc., beyond the regular term Water consecrated by the priest. 77. week. (Eccl.) —
efin, cube, full; moon, f dot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNbox, chair, get.
 — ;

HOMAGE 262 HONOR

The week before Easter, in which the passion of Homocer'cal, -ser'kal, a. (Ichth.) Hav-
our Savior is commemorated. —
H. Writ. The sacred ing the tail symmetrical, the verte-
Scriptures. —
Ho'lily, -tt-ft, adv. In a holy manner; bral column terminating at its com-
piously. —
Holiness, n. —
His Holiness. A title of mencement, — opp. to heterocercal. —
the Pope and of Greek bishops. —
Ho'ly-day, n. A Homoeop'athy, n. Same as Homeop-
consecrated day; religious anniversary or festival; athy. — Homoge'neal, -je'ne-al, -ne-
a festival of any kind; holiday. [In the latter sense, ous, -ne-us, a. Of the same kind or
holiday is the preferable spelling.] Hol'iday, hSK-, — nature; consisting of elements of the Homocercal
n. A festival day; day of exemption from labor; like nature. [Gr. genos, race, kind, ,. -,
day of amusement or of joy and gayety. a. Pert, — genein, to beget; s. rt. kin.] Ho'mo- < tal1 ?** her
"
-
.. ,

to, etc.; joyous; gay. —

Ho'ly-stohe, n. (Naut.) A gene'ity, -ne'Y-tY, -ge'neousness, n.
rlIW-

stone for cleaning the decks of ships. v. t. To — Sameness of kind or nature; uniformity of structure
scrub with, etc. or material.— Homogen'esis, n. That method of
Homage, hom'ej, n. (Feud. Laiv.) An acknowledg- natural descent in which the successive generations
ment made by a tenant to his lord, on receiving in- are alike gamogenei is, opp. to heterogenesis. [Gr. —
vestiture of fee, that he was his man, or vassal. Re- genesis, q. v.]
;

—
Homologous, -gus, a. Having the
spect or reverential regard; esp., respect paid by ex- same relative position, proportion, value, or struc-
ternal action; obeisance; reverential worship; de- ture. [Gr. logos, speech, proportion.] Hom/ologue,. —
vout affection. [OF., L. homaticum, hominium, fr. -log, n. That which is, etc. Hom'onym, -nim, n. —
L. homo, a man, servant, vassal. See Human.] A word having the same sound as another, but dif-
Home, hom, n. The house in which one resides; place fering from it in meaning, as the noun fcear and —
or country in which one dwells; all that pertains to the verb bear. [Gr. onoma, name.] Homon'ymous, —
a dwelling-place. a. — Pert, to one's dwelling, -Y-mus, a. Having different significations, or ap-
country, or family; domestic; close; pointed.— adv. plied to different things; equivocal; ambiguous.—
To one's home or country; close closely; to the Homon'ymy, -mY, n. Sameness between words
point. [AS. ham, home, a dwelling, Goth, haims,
;

which differ hi signification; ambiguity.

/r
— Ho'mo-
Gr. koine, a village; s. rt. Gr. keimai, Skr. ci, to lie ou'sian, -mo-oo zY-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One of a sect
down, Gr. koite, a bed, L. civis, a villager, citizen, who maintained that the Son had the same essence
E. hive, q. v.] —
To he at home on any subject. To be
— with the Father, —
opp. to homoionsian, q. v., under
conversant or familiar with it. To come home. ' Homeopathy. [Gr. ousia, substance.] Homoph'- —
(Naut.) To become loosened from the ground by onous, -mofo-nus, a. Of the same pitch; unison-
the violence of the wind or current, said of an — ous; expressing the same sound or letter with an-
anchor. —
Hoine'less, a. Destitute of a home. — other. [Gr. phone, sound, tone.] Homoph'ony, -nY, —
Home'ly, -IT, a. [-lier, -liest.] Belonging to home, n. Sameness of sound; singing in unison.
domestic; familiar; plain; rude in appearance; un- Homony. Same as Hominy.
polished; of plain features; not handsome.— Home'- Hone, hon, n. A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp-
liness, n. — Home'sick, a. Depressed in spirits by ening instruments, esp. razors. v. t. [honed —
separation from home. —Home'sickness, n. — (hond), honing.] To sharpen on a hone. [AS. han;
Home'spun, a. Spun
or wrought at home; coarse; s. rt. Skr. c.ana, a grindstone, go, ci, to sharpen, Gr.
plain; plain in manner; rude. n. —
Cloth made at konos =
E. cone, q. v.]
home. —
Home'stead, n. The inclosure or ground Honest, Honesty, etc. See under Honor.
immediately connected with a mansion; home or Honey, hun'Y, n. A sweet, viscid fluid, esp. that col-
j

A
|

seat of a family. (Law.) person's dwelling-place, lected by bees from flowers, and stored in honey-
with that part of his landed property contiguous to comb; that which is sweet or pleasant; sweet one;
it.— Home'ward, adv. Toward home. Home'- — darling, — v. i. [honeyed (-id), -eying.] To use
bred, «. Bred at home native ; domestic rude ; ; endearments; to practice servile flattery, fawn.—
—
;

uncultivated. made, a. Made at home; of do- v. t. To make luscious, sweeten. [AS. hunig.]
mestic manufacture.
Homeopathy, ho-me-op'a-thY, n. (Med.) Theory that
disease is cured by remedies which produce on a
—
Hon'ey-bag, n. The receptacle for honev
comb, n. The mass of
waxen cells, formed by
in a bee.

healthy person effects similar to the symptoms of bees, for their honey,
the patient's complaint, the remedies being usually eggs, etc.any substance,
;

administered in minute doses. [Gr. homoiopatheia, perforated with cells

likeness in feeling or condition, sympathy, fr. homoi- like those of a honey-
os (fr. homos, same s. rt. same), like, similar, and
pathein, to suffer.]
to, etc. —
—
;

Ho'meopatn'ic, a. Of, or pert,

Ho'meop'athist, Ho'meopath, n. be- A
—
comb. [AS. hunigcamb.]
dew,
charine substance,
n. A sweet, sac-

liever_in, or practitioner of, etc. Homoiou'sian, — found on the leaves of

-moi-oo'zY-an, n. (Eccl. Hist.) One who held that
the Son was of like, but not the same, essence with
the Father, —
opp. to homoousian, q. v., under Homo-
dew. —
plants in drops, like
guide, n. An Af-
rican bird, allied to the Honey-comb.
centric. [Gr. homoios and ousia, substance, essence, cuckoo, which, by its
fr. einai, to be, p. pr. on, ousa, 6n.] motions and cries, leads to hives of wild honey. —
—
Homer, ho'mer, n. A Hebrew measure, as a liquid
measure, 75 wine gallons; as a dry measure, 11 l-9th
bushels. [Heb. chomer, fr. chamar, to swell up.]
-lo'cust, n. A N. Amer. tree, having long pods with
a sweet pulp between the seeds.
first month after marriage.
moon, n. The
suck'le, n. One of
—
Homeric, ho-mer'ik, a. Pert, to Homer, the poet of several species of flowering plants, from whose co-
Greece, or to his poetry. rolla a drop of honey may be sucked.
Homicide, hom'Y-sid, n. The killing of any human Hong, hong, n. A foreign factory or mercantile house
being by the act of man manslaughter; one who
; in Canton. [Chinese.]
kills another; amanslayer. [F.; L. homicidium, man- Honor, on'er, n. Esteem due to worth; when said of
slaughter, homicida, a man-slayer, fr. homo, a man, the Supreme Being, reverence, veneration mani-
and csedere, to cut, kill; s. rt. schism.'] Hom'ici'dal, — festation of respect or reverence; that which right-
;

a. Pert, to homicide; murderous. fully attracts esteem, respect, or consideration,—

Homily, hom'Y-lY, n. A plain and familiar sermon; a esp., excellence of character, — in men, integrity; in
serious discourse. [L. and Gr. homilia, fr. Gr. hom- women, chastity; a nice sense of what is right, just,
ilos, an assembly, concourse, fr. homos, same, and and true, with a correspondent course of life; dig-
He, eile,a crowd, fr. eilein, to press, crowd s. rt. nity high rank ; reputation a mark of respect.
Skr. vri, to surround, cover; nots. rt. L. volvere.~\
;

— pi.
;

Academic or university prizes or distinctions;

;

Homilefic, -ical, a. Pert, to homiletics. Homilef- — in certain games, the 4 highest cards the ace, king, —
ica, n. sing. Science of preaching or of preparing queen, and jack.— v. t. [honored (on'erd), -or-
and delivering homilies or sermons. Hom'ilist, n. — ing.] To regard or treat with honor, esteem, or
One who preaches to a congregation. respect, —
when said respecting the Supreme Being,
Hominy, honv'i-nT, n. Maize hulled and broken, but to adore, worship; to dignify, elevate in rank or sta-
coarse, prepared for food by being mixed with water tion. (Com.) To accept and pay when due. [L. honor,
and boiled. [Indian aidiuminca, parched corn.] honos, gen. honoris.] —
Honors of war. (Mil.) Distinc-
Hommock, hom'mok, n. hillock A small conical ; tions granted to a vanquished enemy. Law or code —
eminence. [See Hummock.] ofh. Rules by which social intercourse is regulated
Homocentric, ho-mo-sen r trik,a. Having the same cen- among persons of fashion. On one's h. On the stake —
ter. [Gr. homokentros, fr. homos, one and the same of one's reputation for integrity. —To do the hotwrs.
(see Homeopathy), and kentron, center, q. v.] — To show attention to a guest. Hon'orer, n.— Hon'- —
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, tSrm ; Yn, ice ; 5dd, tone, 6r
 HOOD 263 HORN
»-
orable, a. Worthy of honor: estimable actuated ; crest, found in Europe
by principles of honor; proceeding from an upright and X. Africa. [Fr. its
and laudable cause; conferring honor; performed cry; OF. hupe, L. upupa,
or accompanied with marks of honor; an epithet of Gr. epops.]
respect or distinction; becoming men of rank and Hoosier, hoo'zhgr, n. A
— Hon'orableness, n. — Hon'orably, adv.
character. citizen of Indiana.
— Hon'ora'rium, Hon'orary, -rT, n. A fee ottered to [Perh. fr. the salutation,
" Who'f yere f "J
professors in universities, and to medical or other
professional gentlemen. [I,, honorarium (donuni), Hoot, hoot, v. i. To cry
fr. honorarius, honorary, fr. honor.] Hon'orary, a. — out or shout in contempt:
Conferring, or intended merely to confer, honor; to cry as an owl. r. I. —
possessing title or place without performing services To utter contemptuous
or receiving reward. —
Hon'est, a. Decent; honor- cries or shouts at. n. A —
>.ole; good; unimpeached: fair in dealing with
fair; cry in contempt: cry o!
3thers; upright; just; free from fraud; equitable; an owl. [Sw. hut, W.hwt,
.iccording to truth; proceeding from just principles, begone! away!]
or directed to a good object; chaste; virtuous. [OF. Hoove, hoov, Hbven, hov'n, Hoopoe.
honeste, L. honestus.] —
Hon'estly, -IT, adv. Hon - — /r
n. A disease in cattle,
esty, -tY,n. Quality or state of being honest; upright with inflation of the stomach by gas. [S. rt. heave.']
disposition or conduct integrity probity faith-
; ; ; Hop, hop, v. t. [hopped (hopt), -pufG.] To leap on
fulness; honor; justice; equity; candor; veracity. one leg; to skip, as birds do; to move bv leaps, as
Hood, ho"6d, n. A covering for the head, which leaves toads do. —
n. A jump; spring; a dance. "[AS. hop-
only the face exposed; anything resembling a hood pian, to hop; s. rt. Skr. kuj>, to be excited, £,. cupido,
in form or use, as, the top of a carriage, or a chim- strong desire, E. heap, hoop, h map.) Hop'per, n. —
ney-top, often movable on a pivot. v. t. To cover — One who hops; a trough through which grain passes
or furnish with a hood; to cover, hide. [AS. hod, into a mill by jolting or shaking; a vessel in which
hood, D. hoed, G. hut, hat, G. hueten, to protect seed-corn is carried for sowing. —
Hop '-scotch, n. A
s. rt. heed, q. v.] — child's game, in which a stone is driven bv the foot
Hood'-cap, n. A from one compartment to another of a figure traced
kind of seal, hav- or scotched upon the ground. —
Hop'ple, -pi, v. t.
ing a membranous [-pled (-pld), -pling.] To tie the feet of looselv to-
muscular sac over gether, to prevent running or leaping. — n. A fetter
its head, which it for horses, or other animals, when turned out to
inflates
alarmed.
ing, -moulding, n.
—when mold'-
graze. [Freq. of hop : see Hobble.]
Hop, hop, n. A twining vine pi. its bitter, aromati"
flower-scales and fruit,
;

^AJ-ch.) A
project- dried and used in brew-
ing molding, a s ing, cooking, and medi-
over the head ot cine. [D.; s. rt. Gr. kam-
the arch of a Goth- jiulos, bent, curved, Skr.
ic door or w i n- chapala, trembling,
dow drip- stone. u, a, Hood-molding kamp, to vibrate.] —
— Hood'wink,
;

v. t. Hop'-bine, -bind, n. The

[-winked (-winkt), -winking.] To blind by cover- stalk or vine on which
ing the eyes: to cover, hide: to impose on. hops grow.
Hoodlum, hood'lum, n. In California, etc., a rough; Hope, hop, n. A desire of
rowdy; ragamuffin: blackguard. some good, with at least
Hoof, hoof or hot>f, n. ; pi. Hoofs, rarely Hooves. The a slight belief that it is
horny substance that covers or terminates the feet obtainable that which
;

of certain animals, as horses, oxen, sheep, goats, gives hope or furnishes

deer, etc.: see Horse. An animal; a beast. [AS. and ground of expectation;
Sw. hof, D. hoe/, Skr. capha.] Hoof'bound, a. — thing which is hoped
(Far.) Having a dryness and contraction of the for; anticipation; trust;
hoof, occasioning lameness. belief; confidence. v. i. —
Hook, ho"6k, n. Some hard material, bent into a curve [hoped (hopt), hoping.]
for catching, holding, or sustaining anything a To entertain hope, place
—
;

snare; a scythe or sickle; a bolt or spike with a ver- confidence. v. t. To

tical pin at one end —
v. t. [hooked (hdokt), hook- desire with expectation.
ing.] To catch or fasten, seize or draw, with a hook; [AS. hopa, hope, hopian,
to draw or obtain by artifice, insnare; to steal. v. — to hope; perh. s. rt. L. cupere, to desire.] Hope'- —
i. To bend, be curved. [AS. hoc, hooc ; s. rt. Gr. ful, -ful, a. Full of hope; havins qualities which
kuklos —
E. cycle, Skr. chakra, a wheel, kuch, to excite'hope; promising. —
Hope'fiilly, adv.— Hope' -
-

bend.] —
By hook or by crook. One way or other: by fulness, n. —
Hope'less, a. Destitute of hope; de-
any means, direct or indirect. On one's own h. — spairing; giving no ground of hope; desperate: un-
On one's own account or responsibility. Hooked, — hoped for unexpected
; —
Hope'lessly adv.— Hope /
.
'-
,

ho^k'ed or hdokt, a. Hook-shaped; curvated; pro- lessness, n.

vided with a hook. Hook'edness, n. — Horal, Horary. See under Hour.
Hookah, hfSok'a, n. A
kind of pipe, used in the Horde, hord, n. A wandering troop or gang; esp. a
Orient, having a long, flexible stem, in which the clan or tribe of a nomadic people posse-sing no fixed
smoke of the tobacco passes through water. [Ar. habitations. [F., fr. Turk, and Per. ordu, a camp.]
huqqa,_ir. huqq, a hollow place.] Horehound. See Hoarhound, under Hoar.
Hoop, hoop or hot>p, n. A
circular band of wood or Horizon, ho-ri'znn, n. The apparent junction of the
metal, esp. one for holding together the staves of earth and sky. (Astron.) A plane pussing through
casks, etc.; a flattened ring; a circle, or combination the eye of the spectator and at right angles to the
of rings of elastic material, for expanding the skirts vertical at a given place, —called the sensible hori-
of dresses,— chiefly in pi.; a quart pot,— orig. bound zon ; a plane parallel to the sensible horizon of a
with hoops, like a barrel. v. t. —
[hooped (hdopt), place, and passing through the earth's center, —
hooping.] To bind or fasten with hoops; to clasp, called the rational or celestial horizon. [F.. L., and
encircle. [D. hoep, a hoop, Ic. hop, a hollow bay; s. Gr., orig. p. pr. of Gr. horizein, to bound, limit,
rt. Gr. kamptein, to bend, Skr. chapa, a bow, E. horos, a boundary.] —
Artificial horizon. level A
—
hump, hop, to jump.] Hoop'er, n. One who hoops mirror, as the surface of mercury in a shallow ves-
casks, etc.; a cooper. —
Hoop'-iron, n. Iron in nar- sel, or a plane reflector adiusted to the true level ar-
row, thin strips, for securing boxes, casks, etc. —
tificiallv. Dip of the h.~ The vertical ansle con-
-skirt, n. A
frame-work of elastic hoops for expand- tained "between the visible horizon and the sensible
ing the skirts of a lady's dress. horizon. — Hor'izon'tal, a. Pert, to, near, or par-
Hoop, hoop, v. i. To whoop, q. v. Hoop'er, n. — A allel to, etc.; on a level; measured or contained in a
wild swan, which utters a note like whoop. Hoop'- — plane of the horizon. —
Hor'izon'tally, adv.
ing-cough, n. A
cough in winch the patient whoops, Horn, horn, n. A hard, projecting, and usually curved
with a deep inspiration ot breath. [See under and pointed organ, growing from the heads of cer-
Whoop.] tain animals; something made of, or like a horn, as,
Hoopoe, hoop'o, -oo, -6t>, n. A bird, with an erectile a wind instrument of music; or, a drinking-cup; or,

sun, cube, full ; moon, f<56t ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 — — — —

HOROLOGUB 264
a utensil for holding powder; something resembling
a horn in position or projection; the tough fibrous
material of which horns are composed. {Script.)
A symbol of strength, power, exaltation. An em-
—
blem of acuckold, chiefly in pi. v. t. [horned
(hornd), horning.] To furnish with horns; to give
the shape of a horn to; to cuckold. [AS., Ic, Dan.,
Sw., and G. horn, W., Ga., and Ir. corn, L. cornu;
s. rt.corn, corner, cornet, etc.] To draw, pull, or —
haul in the horns. To repress one's ardor, restrain
one's pride, take back arrogant or boastful words,
— in allusion to the behavior of a snail or some in-
sects, in retracting the feelers when alarmed. To —
take a h. To take a drink. —
Horned, hdrnd, a.
Having, or shaped like, etc. —
Hornby, -T, a. [-ier,
-iest.] Consisting of horns or of a horn-like sub-
stance; hard; callous. Horn '-book, n.— primer, A
— formerly covered with horn to protect it; any ele-
mentary text-book hand-book. ; mad, a. Mad
as one who has been horned or cuckolded; stark
mad; raving crazy. owl, n. species of owl, A Horse.
having 2 tufts of feathers on its head. stone, 1, ears ; 2, forelock ; 3, fore- flank ; 26, belly ; 27, haunoh ;
n. (Jain.) A
silicious stone resembling flint, but head ; 4, eye
; 5, eye-pits ; 6, 28, thigh ; 29, buttock ; 30,
more brittle. —
Horn'beam, n. A tree having a nose ; 7, nostril ; 8, point of
nose ; 9, lips 10, nether jaw ;
stifle; 31, leg ; 32, tail ; 33,
hock 34, cannon or shank-
smooth, gray bark and white and very hard wood. ; ;

— Horn'bill, n. A large bird of

11, cheek 12, poll ; 13, mane;
;

14, withers; 15, parotid

bone ; 35, arms ; 36, knees ;
37, passage for the girths ;
Africa and Asia, having a large glands ; 16, throat 17, neck ; ; 38, elbow ; 39, shank 40, bul- ;

billcurving downward, on 18, jugular vein ; 19, shoul- let 41, pasterns
; 42, coro-
;

which is a process resembling der 20, chest 21. ribs 22, net ; 43, foot ; 44, hoof ; 45,
another growing upward. —
; ; ;

back 23, loins ; 24, hip ; 25,

; fetlock.
Horn'blende, n. (Min.) com- A -women. A woman who rides on horseback. —
mon mineral, occurring massive, n. A kind of small bean usually given
or in prismatic crystals, and of
various colors: it consists essen-
Horse'-bean,
to horses.
in mounting a horse.
—
block, n. A block on which one steps
boat, n. A boat for convey- —
tially of silica combined with ing horses over water; boat moved by horses.
magnesia, lime, or iron. [G. -break'er, n. One whose employment is to break
6ee Blende.] —
Hor'net, n.
large, strong, venomous wasp.
:

A horses, or to teach them to draw or carry.

A railroad car drawn by horses.
car, n.
-chest'nut, -ches'- —
—
[AS. hyrnet,ir. hyrne, horn, fr. — nut,w. A
tree bearing showy flowers and large nuts,
its antenna? or horns.] — Horn'- — said to have been brought f r. Constantinople the ;

pipe, n. An instrument of music nut. [So called because the nut was formerly ground
consisting of a wooden pipe, with
holes, and a horn at each end;
,-
n
tlornDill. n and given to horses.]
a horse. — cloth, n. cloth to cover
doc'tor, n. One whose business is to cure
— A
a lively air of compound triple time; a British dance.
— Horn'work, n. (Fort.) An outwork composed of
sick horses; a farrier; veterinary surgeon.
A
fly, n.
large fly that stings horses and sucks their blood.
—
2 demi-bastions joined by a curtain: it is connected
by wings with the works in rear.
—
— guards, n.pl. (Mil.) body of cavalry for guards.
hair, n. The hair of horses, esp. that of the mane
A
Horologue, Horoscope, etc. See under Hour. —
and tail. -jock'ey, n. One who rides or trains race
Horror, hor'rer, n. A
shaking, shivering, or shudder- horses; a dealer in horses. latitudes, n. pi. sail- A
ing, as in the cold fit which precedes a fever; a pain- or's name for 2 zones of calms and baffling winds, one
ful emotion of fear, dread, and abhorrence that in each hemisphere, —
said to be very fatal to horses

——
;

which excites horror or dread. [L., fr. horrere, to on shipboard. laugh, n. loud, coarse, boister- A
bristle, be rough, also to dread, fr. the bristling of ous laugh. A
the hair through terror; s. rt, Skr. hrish, to bristle,
prob. E. grind7\ —
The horrors. Delirium tremens.
erinary surgeon.
leech, n.
lifter, n.
poles borne between 2 horses.
—
large leech; a farrier; vet-
carriage hung on
mack'erel, n.
A
— A
— Hor'rent, a. Standing erect, as bristles; bristled. spiny-finned fish, about the size of the mackerel.
— Hor'rible, -rT-bl, Exciting, or tending to ex-
a. disting. by having a lateral line of larger keeled
—
cite, horror; dreadful; awful; shocking; hideous; scales; also, the Amer. tunny; also, the blue-fish.
horrid. [OF.; L. horribilis.] Hor'ribleness, n.—— name for an impossible kind A
— —
-marine', -ren', n.
Hor'ribly, -bit, adv.— Hor'rid, a. Rough; bristling; of soldier. mar'ten, n. (Entom.) kind of large A
prickly; fitted to excite horror; very offensive or
disagreeable. [L. horridus.] Hor'ridly, adv. — — bee.
n.
mill, n. mill turned by a horse.
Rough, rude play. pow'er, n. The power
A
play, —
Hor'ridness, n. —
Hor'rify, -ri-fl, v. t. [-fied (-fid), which a horse is capable of exerting. (Mach.) A
-fying.] To make horrible, strike with horror. standard by which the capabilities of steam engines,
Horrific, a. Causing horror; frightful. etc., are measured. estimated as 33,000 pounds —
A
hoofed quadruped used for draught raised 1 foot in a minute. A machine operated by
Horse, h6rs, n.
or the saddle; the male of the genus horse, disting.
fr. the female mounted soldiery, cavalry (used
;
horses.
(Bot.)
—A
race, n. A race by horses. radish, n.
cruciferous herb, allied to scurvy grass,
—
without pi. a frame with legs used for having a root of a pungent taste, used, when grated,
termination);
supporting something. (Mining.) mass of earthy
»»»atter inclosed between branches of a vein. (Naut.)
A as a condiment and in medicine.
drawn by horse-power.
rake, n. A rake
rail'road, n. railroad
— A
i^ foot-rope from the middle of a yard to its extrem- running through streets, on which the cars are
is; a ^hick rope near the mast for hoisting a yard or
extending a on it. v. t. [horsed (horst), hors-
sail horses may travel.
A road in which
drawn by horses. —way, -road, n.

ing.] "Ti provide with a horse or horses; to ride or Hortation, hdr-ta'shun, n. Act of exhorting, or giv-
sit on anyw'ng astride; to cover (a mare) said of —
ing advice. [L. hortatio, fr. hortan, -tatus, to en-
the male, r Ass., and Ic. hors, also Ic. and OHG. hros, courage.] Hbf tative, -tiv, a. Giving exhortation; —
MHG. 1
rose, :. sV'ft; prob. s. rt. L. currere, to run, advisory, —n. precept; exhortation. A
Horta- —
whence E. corset ; prob. not
Skr. hresh, to s. rt. tory, -to-rT, a. Giving advice.
neigh.] —
Hers 'y, -T, c
Pert, to, or suggestive of, Horticulture, h6f tT-kul'chur, n. Art of cultivating
horse-racing. —
Ho^slnass, n. State of being, or gardens; cultivation of a garden or orchard. [L. hor-
characteristics of, a iorse; fondness for horses, ra- tus, a garden (s. rt. Gr. chortos E. yard), and cul- =
cing, etc.— Horse /V»-ck, r>. The back of a horse; con- tura, culture, q. v.] Horticultural, a. Pert, to, —
dition of being moulded on a horse. — Horse'man, etc.— Horticulturist, n. One who practices, etc.
n. ; pi. -men. A
ridec on horseback. (Mil.) A —
Hor'tus Sic'cus. A collection of dried plants; an
—
mounted soldier. Horse- 'macship, n. Act or art herbarium. [L., dry garden.]
of riding, and of training and managing horses ; Hosanna, ho-zan'na, n. ; pi. -nas, -naz. An ex-
manege. —
Horse'shos, n. An iron shoe for horses,
— clamation of praise to God. [Gr.; Heb. hoshiahnna,
shaped like the letter u; anything so shaped. save, we pray.]
Horse'whip, n. A
whip for driving horses. v. t. — Hose, hoz, n. ; pi. Hose, formerly Hosen, ho'zn.
To strike with a horsewhin. Korse> woman, n. ; pi. — Close-fitting breeches, as formerly worn, reaching to

im, fs-me, far4 pass or opera, fare ; &?d. ev«- term : In, ice ; Odd, tone, Qr i
 HOSPICE 265 HOUSE
the knee; stockings; a flexible pipe to convey water. G. hund ; s-. rt. L. canis, Gr. kuon, kunos, Skr. £ van.
[Dan. and G.; AS. and Ic. hosa, breeches, stockings.] Ir. and Ga. cu, W. ci, a dog.]
— Ho'sier, -zher, n. One who deals in hose, or in Hour, owr, n. Sixty minutes; the time of the day, as
goods knit or woven like hose. Ho'siery, -zher-t, — indicated by a timepiece fixed or appointed time ; ;

s. Business of a hosier; stockings and knit goods. conjuncture; limit of the time appointed for one's
Hospice, hos'pes, n. A
place of refuge or entertain- regular labor, —
as, after hours, pi. (Myth.) God-
ment for Alpine travelers kept by monks, who also desses of the seasons, etc. [OF. hore, L. and Gr.
occupy it as a convent. [F.; L. hospitium, fr. kospes, hora ; prob. s. rt. E. year, Skr. yatu, time.] Hour'- —
a guest, host, LL. hospitare, to receive as a guest.] — ly, -It, a. Happening or done every hour occur- :

Hos'pitable. -pt-ta-bl, a. Receiving and entertain- ring every hour frequent often repeated con-
; ; ;

ing strangers without reward; kind to guests; pro- tinual. — adv. Every hour; fre-
ceeding from or indicating kindness to guests. [F.] quently. —
Hour' - glass, n. An in-
— Hos / pitably, -bit, adv. Hos'pital, n. A building — strument for measuring time, esp. the
in which the sick are treated a refuge for the dis- interval of an hour, by the running of
abled, infirm, or dependent. [F. LL. hospitale.]
:

;
— sand out of a glass vessel. hand, n.
Hos'pitaler, n. One residing in a hospital one of ; The hand or index which shows the
an order of knights who built a hospital at Jerusa- hour on a timepiece, —-plate, n.
lem, a. D. 1042, for pilgrims. Hos'pital'ity, -t-tt, — The dial of a timepiece.— Ho'ral, ho'-
n. Act or practice of one who is hospitable. —Host, ral, a. Relating to an hour, or to
—
.

host, n. One from whom another receives food, hours. [L. horalis, fr. hora.] Ho'
lodging, or entertainment a landlord. [OF. hoste, rary, -ra-rt, a. Pert, to an hour ; not-
fr. L. hospes.] —
Host' ess, n. A female host or inn-
;

ing the hours; occurrhr once an hour; our-g las - "

v
keeper. —
Host'ry, -rT, n. An inn stable. [Sp. ; continuing an hour hi.i.ly. Horog'raphy, -ra-ft,
; —
hostei-ia.] —
Hos'tel, -telry, hOs'tel-rt, n. An inn. n. An account of the hours art of constructing
—
;

[Same as hotel ; OF., contr. fr. LL. hospitale.]— Hos- timepieces dialing. [Gr. graphein, to describe.]
;

tler, hosier or os'ler, n. One who has the care of Hor'ologe, h5r'o-loj, n. timepiece of any kind. A
horses at an inn stable-boy groom. [OF. hosteller, [OF. L. horologium, Gr. horologion, a sun-dial, wa-
;

—
; ;

inn-keeper.] —
Hotel', n. An inn or public houses ter-clock Gr. legein, to tell.] Horolog'ical, -15j'-
—
;

esp. one of some stvle or pretensions. [F., contr. fr. ik-al, a. Pert, to a horologe, or to horology. flo-
—
OF. hostel.'] HoteP-de-ville, -de-vel, n. city hall; A rol'ogy, -jt, n. Science of measuring time. Ho- —
town hall; guildhall. [F.] H. Dieu', -die' (one — roPogist, n. One versed in, etc.— Horom'etry, -trt,
syl.), n. A
hospital. [F. Dieu, God.] ; n. Art, practice, or method of measuring time by
Hospodar, hos'po-dar7 n. title of a prince or Turk- A hours and subordinate divisions. [Gr. metron, meas-
,

ish governor in Moldavia and Wallachia. [OSlav. ure.] —

Hor'oscope, -skop, n. (Astrol.) An observa-
and Russ. gospodarj, gospodj, lord, master ; s. rt. tion of the heavens at the moment of a person's
Gr. despotes : see Despot.] birth, by which astrologers claimed to foretell the
Host. See under Hospice. events of his life scheme of 12 houses or signs of the
;

Host, host, n. An army any great number or multi- ; zodiac, into which the circuit of the heavens was
tude. [OF., host, army, L. hostis, stranger, enemy,
army s. rt. Russ. goste, AS. gsest
; E. guest, q. v.]
— Hostile, h5s'til, a. Pert., or appropriate to, an en-
emy; inimical; adverse; repugnant. [F.; L. hostilis.]
— Hos'tilely, -til-It, adv. Hostility, -til't-tt, n. —
State of being hostile; act of an open enemy, esp. in
plural, acts of warfare. [F. hostUM, L. hostilitas.~]
Host, host, n. {Rom. Catk. Church.) The consecrated
wafer, believed to be the body of Christ, offered in
the mass as a sacrifice. [L. hostia, a victim, fr. hostiri,
divided for such prediction of fortune. [F.; L. hor-
= oscopus, Gr. horoskopos ; Gr. skopein, to consider.] —
Horos'copy, -ko-pt, n. Art or practice of predicting
future events by the disposition of the stars and
planets; aspect of_the stars at the time of birth.
Houri, how'rt or hoo'rt, n. nymph of paradise,— A
so called by Mohammedans. [Per. hurt, hur, fr.
Ar. hur, pi. of ahwar, beautiful-eyed, black-eyed.]
House, hows, n. ; pi. Houses, howz'ez. A building
used as a shelter for animals of any kind esp. one ;

.
fostire, to strike s. rt. L. hasta, a spear, Skr. hims,
; for the habitation of man a dwelling mansion ; ; ;

han, to strike.] tenement; household affairs; domestic concerns; a

Hostage, hos'tej, n. A
person given as a security for household; family; a race of persons from the same
the performance of conditions. [OF., L. obses, fr. stock a tribe ; esp. a noble or illustrious race
; a ;

obsidere, to abide, remain fr. ob, at, about, and se- body of men united in their legislative capacity.
=
;

dere E. sit ; not fr. L. host is, enemy.] ( Com.) A firm or commercial establishment. (As-
Hostel, Hostess, etc. See under Hospice. tro).) A 12th part of the heavens. An inn: hotel; an
Hostile, etc. See under Host, an army. audience; assembly of hearers. [AS., Ic, Sw., Goth.,
Hot, hot a. [hotter hottest.] Having much and OHG. hus; prob. s. rt. Skr. koca, a coop, shell,
;
;

sensible neat characterized by heat, ardor, or ani- egg, store-room, E. hide, sky.] House of correction. —
mation lustful ; lewd ; acrid biting ; pungent
:, A prison for idle and disorderly persons, vagrants,
—
;

fiery; eager; brisk violent ; furious. [AS. hat; s. trespassers, etc. H. of God. A temple or church.
rt. heat, q. v.] —
Hotly, -It, adv.
;

Hot'ness, n. — — — Religious h. A monastery or convent. To bring —

Hot' bed, n. (Gardening.) bed of earth, heated A down the h. To draw forth applause from a whole
by fermenting manure, and covered with glass, for audience. —
House, howz, v. t. [housed (howzd),
raising early plants.
development.
per ; violent
— —A
place which favors rapid
brained, -brand, a. Ardent in tem-
head'ed, a. Of ardent pas-
housing.] To shelter, protect by covering.— v. i. To
take shelter or lodgings, abide, dwell. [ME. housen,
to build * house, provide a house for.]— House'hold,
sions ; vehement.
rash. ;

—
house, n.
to shelter tender plants.
house kept warm
press, v. t. [-pressed
A n. Those who dwell under the same roof and com-
pose a family. —
a. Belonging to the house and fam-
(-prest), -pressing.] To press between hot plates, ily domestic. —
House'holder, n. The head of a
for giving a smooth and glossy surface, or to express
;

family; one who occupies a house. House'keepei —

oil, etc. —Hot'spur, n. One who is violent, passion- n. One who occupies a house with his family a ;

ate, rash, or precipitate. householder a female servant who has the chief
—
;

Hotchpotch, hoch'poch, confused mixture of n. A care of the family. House 'keeping, n. Care of
ingredients. (Law.) A blending of property for domestic concerns; hospitality; a plentiful and hos-
equality of division. In Scot., a kind of mutton pitable table.— House'leek, n. A succulent plant
broth, containing green peas, carrots, etc. [F. hoche- found on old walls and roofs. Houseless, a. Des- —
pot, fr. hocher, to shake, mix; OD. hut spot, fr. hutsen, titute of a habitation without shelter. House'- ;
—
to shake, jolt; F., D., E., and W. pot.] maid, ». A female servant who does the house-
Hotel, etc. See under Hospice. work. —
House'wife, hows' wif or huz'wtf, n. The
Houdah. See Howdah. mistress of a family a little case for materials used
Hough, hok, n. The hock, the joint on the hind leg in sewing, etc., — prop, hussif, q. v.
;

House'wifely, —
of a quadruped, between knee and fetlock see : -It, a. Pert, to a housewife, or to female manage-
Horse the posterior part of the knee-joint in man. ment of home affairs like a housewife. House'- —
— v. t.
;

[houghed (hokt), houghing.] To disable wifery, huz'wif-rt, n. Business of the mistress of a

;

by cutting the sinews of the leg to hamstring. family female management of domestic concerns.
—
; ;

House '-break'er. n. One who feloniously breaks

[ME. houch, fr. AS. hoh, D. hat:, heel, Ic. and Dan.
na, hough-sinew prob. s. rt. L. coxa, hip, E. heel.]
;

Hound, hownd, n. A hunting dog; prop., one which

into a house. —
break'ing, n. Act of, etc. flag, n.
(Naut.) The particular flag of an owner or shipping-
—
hunts game by the scent. v. t. To incite, as a
hound, to pursuit; to hunt, chase; to urge on, as by
— firm, usually raised on the main-mast.
Room or place in a house. warm'ing, n.
room, ».
enter- — —An
hounds to incite or spur on. [AS., Dan., Sw., and
; tainment given when a family enters a new house.

sud, cube, full ; moon, fcJot ; cow, oil ; linger o»* ink, then, box box, chair, get.
 —

HOUSING 266 HUM

Housing, howz'ing, n. A saddle-cloth horsecloth ; Huckster, huk'ster, n. A retailer of small articles
act of putting under shelter. (Arch.) Space taken
;

a peddler hawker a mean, trickish fellow.

; ; r. i. — ;

out of one solid, to admit the insertion of another ; To deal in some small articles, or in petty bargains.
a niche for a statue. (JMach.) The part of the [Prob. fem. of hawker (q. v.) for hucker ; D. heuker,
framing which holds a journai-box in place up- heukelaar, a retailer, heukeren, to huckster, hucken,
rights supporting the cross-slide of a planer. [F.
;

to stoop, bow —
i. e., under a pack; s. rt. hug, huckle-
housse, LL. hucia, a mantle, tunic, housia, MHG. backed, hook, etc.]
hulst, a coverlet for a horse, OHG. hullen, to cover Huddle, hud'dl, v. i. [-dled (-did), -dung.] To presa
s. rt. holster, husk ; not fr. house.] or hurry in disorder to crowd together confusedly.
—
;

Hove. See Heave. v. t. To hurry and slight; to put on, put together
Hovel, huv'l, n. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or put away hastily or in disorder. — n. A confused
etc., from weather a small, mean house. ; v. t. — crowd of persons or things tumult confusion. ; ;

[hoveled (-Id), -eling.] To put in a hovel, shelter. [ME. hodren, to crowd together, cover, fr. huden to
[Ic. hof, a temple, hall; G., a yard, court.] hide, LG. hudderken, to huddle, as a hen her chick-
Hoven, hoVn, a. Swelled or puffed out, — applied to ens, fr. hueden, to hide.] Hud'dler, n. —
cattle when distended with gas from eating too much Hudibrastic, hu-dt-bras'tik, a. Similar in manner to
green food. [See Heave.] Hudibras, hero of a burlesque poem in the style of ;

Hover, huv'Sr, v. i. [-ered (,-erd), -eeing.] To hang doggerel poetry.

fluttering in the air, or upon the wing to move to ; Hue, hu, n. Color shade tint dye. [AS. hiw, heo,
; ; ;

and fro in the neighborhood of. [ME. hoi'en, to Goth, hiwi, appearance, Sw. hy, skin, complexion.]
abide, dwell, W. hofio, to hover, fluctuate, OD. hoven, Hue, hu, n. A shouting or vociferation. [OF. huer,
to entertain in a house, AS. hof, house.] OSw. huta, to hoot, OF. hue"e, hue and cry.] Hue
How, how, adv. In what manner or way by what ; and cry. (Law.) Outcry with which a felon was
means to what degree or extent in what propor-
; ; anciently pursued later a proclamation requiring
;

tion; for what reason in what state, condition, or ; all persons to aid in retaking him.
plight. [How is used in each sense, interrogatively, Huff, huf, n. A fit of petulance or anger a boaster. ;
—
interjectionally, and relatively; it is often employed v. [huffed (huft), huffing.] To swell, puff up ;
alone, as interrogation, interjection, or exclama-
t.
to treat with insolence, bully. v. i. To dilate, swell —
tion ; with a following that, it is no longer in good up to take offense to bluster, storm. [Onomat.;

=
; ;

use.] [AS. hu, hwy, Goth, hwaiwa hwe aiwa, Scot. hauch,hech, to breathe hard,G. hauchen, to blow,
—
why ever.] Howbe^it, conj. Be it as it may; never- puff, q. v.] —
Huffish, a. Disposed to put on swell-
theless; notwithstanding; yet; but; however.— How- ing, petulant, or bullyish airs; arrogant. Huff'ish- —
ev'er, adv. In whatever manner or degree at all ness, n. —
Huff'y, -t, a. Puffed up swelled ; char-
—
; ;

events; at least. conj. Nevertheless; notwithstand- acterized by arrogance, bluster, or petulance.

ing yet still though.
; ; How'soev'er, adv. In
; — Hug, hug, v. t. [hugged (hugd), -ging.] To embrace
what, manner soever; to whatever degree however. closely; clasp to the bosom; to hold fast, treat with
Howadji, how-aj'T, n. traveler a merchant, A ;
;

— fondness ; to cherish in the mind. (Naut.) To keep

merchants being the chief travelers in the East. [Ar.] close to. — n. A close embrace ; clasp gripe. [Sw.
;

Howdah, how'da, n. A seat on the back of an ele- and Ic. huka, to bend, sit. See Huckster.]
phant or camel. [Hind. & Ar. haudah.] Huge, huj, a. Very large or great monstrous im- ; ;

Howel, how'el, n. A
cooper's plane for smoothing mense; extended; carried to a high degree; gigantic;
and chamfering the inside of casks, etc. vast. [OF. ahuge; prob. s. rt. G. erhoehen, to exalt,
Howitzer, how'its-er, n. {Mil.) short, large bore A fr. hoch =
E. high.] —
Hugely, adv. Huge'ness, n. —
cannon, with Hugger-mugger, hug'ger-mug'ge'r, n. Privacy se- ;

. or without a crecy.— a. Secret; clandestine; sly; confused; disor-

chamber, in- derly; mean. [Sw. i mjugg, Dan. i smug, in secret.]
tended to throw Huguenot, hu'ge-not, n. (Eccl. Hist.) A French Prot-
large p r o j e c- estant of the period of the religious wars in France
tiles with small in the 16th century. [F. prob. f r. some reformer so
charges. [G. named.] —
Hu'guenotism, n. Religion of, etc.
;

havbitze, ft. Bo- Hulk, hulk, n. The body of a vessel; esp. the body of
hemian hauf- an old ship unfit for service; anything bulky or un-
1Sf0r wieldy. [LL. hulka, Gr. holcas, a merchant ship, f r.
Setf Howitzer. kelkem, to drag, tow.] Hulk'ing, a. Heavy un- — ;

HOWl, howl, V. I. [HOWLED (howld), HOWLING.] To wieldy.

cry as a dog or wolf; to utter a loud, protracted, and Hull, hul, n. The outer covering of anything, esp. of
mournful sound to utter a sound of distress, wail a nut or of grain; the husk. (Naut.) The frame or
to roar, as a tempest, v. t.
;

—
To utter with outcry.
;

body of a vessel: see Ship. v. t. [hulled (huld), —

—n. The protracted cry of a dog. etc. a loud cry ; hulling.] To strip off or separate the hull or hulls
of distress yell. [OF. huller, D. huilen, Ic. and Sw.
;
of; to pierce the hull of (a ship). [AS. hulu, husk,
yla, MHG. hulen, L. ululare, Gr. hulan, to howl L. D. hoi, hold (q. v.) of a ship, hullen, to mask, dis-
ulula, OHG.
uwila, Skr. uluka, an owl, q. v.]
;

— fuise, Goth, huljan, Ic. hylja, to hide, cover s. rt. ;

Howl'et, n. owl owlet. An ;

olster, husk, housing.]
Hoy, hoi, n. (Naut.) A
coasting vessel for passengers Hum, hum, v. i. [hummed (humd), -ming.] To make
and goods, usually a sloop. [D., F., and G. heu.] a dull, prolonged, nasal sound, like that of a bee in
Hub, hub, n. The central part or nave of a wheel ; flight; to drone, murmur, buzz, drawl; to make as
hilt of a weapon projecting obstruction mark at
; ; if speaking, but without opening the mouth, or ar-
which quoits, etc., are cast block for scotching a ; ticulating; to mumble.— v. t. To sing with shut
wheel; a fluted steel screw for cutting chasing tools, mouth; to murmur without articulation; to make a
etc. a punch for making die-matrixes. [Same_as
;
murmur or buzz of approbation. n. Noise of bees —
hob and hump.] in flight, of a revolving top, whirling wheel, etc.;
Hubble-bubble, hub'bl-bub'bl, n. A any inarticulate buzzing sound; an imposition or
tobacco-pipe so arranged that the hoax. [Onomat; G. hummen, D. hommelen, to hum;
smoke passes through water, mak- Sp. and Ps- zomhar, to hum, joke, jest.] Hum /'- —
ing a bubbling noise. [Onomat.] mer, n. —
Hum'bug, n. Imposition under fair pre-
Hubbub, hub'bub, n. A great noise tenses; a hoax; one who hoaxes; an impostor. — v.
of confused voices a tumult up- ; ; t. [humbugged (-bugd), -ging.] To deceive, im-
roar ; riot. [F. houper, to call to ; pose on, cajole. [Fr. hum
s. rt. whoop.] and bug: see Bugbear.]
Huckaback, huk'a-bak, n. A kind — Hum'buggery, -ger-T,
of linen with raised figures, for n. Practice ot imposi-
table-cloths and towels. [LG. huk- tion.— Hum 'drum, a.
kebak, prob. orig. peddler's ware. Dull stupid common-
;

place. — Hurn'ming-bird,
;

See Huckster.! , k„ K ki„

Hubble-bubble, „ . ,

A very small Amer.

Huckle-backed, huk'1-bakt, a. Hav- n.
ing round shoulders. [Huckle, dim. of Prov. E. huck bird of many species, re-
=hook, q. v. s. rt. Skr. kuch,
; to bend.] markable for the metallic
Huckleberry, huk'l-ber'rT, n. A branching shrub, of brilliancy of its plumage,
Humming Dim.
several species, producing a small, black, edible itsswift motion, and the
berry; the fruit of this shrub. [Written also whortle- humming sound of its wings when in flight, or hov-
berry..] [G. puckelbeere.] ering about flowers in pursuit of insect food.

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, term ; In, ice ; 5dd, tone, or i
 HUM 267 HURRY
Ham, hum, interj. Ahem; hem,— a sound with a laughter; jocose; witty; merry; capricious; whimsi.
pause implying doubt and deliberation. [See Hem.] cal.— Hu'morously, -IT, adv. —
Hu'morousness, n.
Human, hulnan, a. Pert, to man or mankind; hav- — Hu'morsome, -sum, a. Influenced by humor.
ing the qualities or attributes of man. [OF. humain, Hump, hump, n. A protuberance; bunch; esp. the
fentle, humane, manly, L. humanus, human, fr. protuberance formed by a crooked back; a hunch.
omo, a man, lit. creature of the earth, fr. humus, D. homp ; s. rt. E. heap, hop, Gr. kujdtos, a hump.
earth, ground; s. rt. AS. guma, man.] — Hu'manly, f
kuphonotos, Skr. kubja, humpbacked.] Hump' —
-It, adv. After the manner of men. Hu'manist, n. — back, n. A crooked back; hunchback.
One who pursues the study of the humanities or po- Humus, hu'imis, n. That portion of the soil formed
lite literature; one versed in the knowledge of hu- by decomposition of vegetable matter. [L., earth,
—
man nature. Humanity, -T-tT, re. Quality of be- ground, soil. See Human.]
ing human; mankind collectively; quality of being Hunch, hunch, n. A hump; protuberance; a thick
humane kindness; benevolence; mental cultiva-
; piece ; hunk a push or jerk, as with the elbow.
;
—
tion; liberal education, pi. The branches of polite V. t. [HUNCHED (huncht), HUNCHING.] To push
or elegant learning; belles-lettres.— Hu'manize, v. t. with the elbow or with a sudden jerk; to crook, as
[-IZED (-Tzd), -izing.] To render human or humane. the back. [Same as hook and hug ; Ic. hofrra, to go
— v. i. To become or be made more humane; to be- bent, to crouch, G. hucke, the bent back, hoeckerig.
come civilized, be ameliorated. Human'ita'rian, — hunchbacked, Skr. kunch, to bend. See Hump.] —
-rt-an, n. One who holds tbat Jesus Christ was Huncb/back, n. A humpback; one who has, etc.
merely a man: one who practices humanity or be- Hundred, hun'dred, n. The number of ten times ten;
nevolence. (Philos.) One who limits the sphere of a division of a county in Eng., supposed to have
duties to human relations and affections, excluding
—
originally contained 100 families, or freemen. a. —
the spiritual. a. Pert, to humanitarians; benevo- Ten times 10; 90 and 10. [AS. fr. hund, 100, and rsed,
lent: philanthropic; ethical, — disting. fr. religious.
;

a reckoning, rate, q.v., Goth, garathjan, to reckon;

— Human ita , rianism, ^izm, n. Doctrine or practice
/
Ic.hundradh, OHG. hunterit, also hunt, Goth, hund,
of, etc. — Humane'', -man', a. Having the feelings Ga. dad, L. centum, Gr. hecaton, Skr. cata, 100.] —
proper to man. and a disposition to treat others with Hundred-weight. A denomination of weight, usually
kindness; kind; benevolent: merciful; tending to denoted by cwt. {C, in L. =100; wt in E., weight),
refine. —
Humanely, adv. Humane'ness, n. — containing, according to differing laws or customs,
,

Humble, hum'bl or um'bl, a. [-blee, -blest.] Low; 100, 112, or 120 pounds avoirdupois. Hun'' dredth, —
unpretending; mean: thinking lowly of one's self a. Next following in order the 90th; forming one of
not proud, arrogant, or assuming; mbdest: meek. — 100 parts into which anything is divided. n. One —
v.t. [humbled (-bid), -bling.]" To bring low, re- of 100 equal parts into which one whole is divided.
duce the power, independence, or exaltation of, Hung. See Hang.
bring down; to make lowly in mind, abase the pride Hunger, hun''ger, n. A
craving for food; any eager
of, depress, humiliate, degrade, sink. [OF.; ~L.hu- desire, —
v. i. [hungered (-geid), -gering.] Tc
milis, lit. near the ground, hvmi. Gr. chamai, on the crave food; to long for. v. t. —
To make hungry,
ground. See Hnu.v.] — Hum'bly, -blT, adv.— Hum'- famish. [Sw., Dan., and G.: AS. hungor, Goth, huh-
bleness, «. —
Humiliate, hu-miKl-at, v. t. To reduce rus, hunger, huggrjan, to hunger; prob. s. rt. Skr.
to a lower position, humble, depress, abase. [L. hu- kunch, to contract.] — Hun'gry, -grl, a. [-grier.
miliare, -atum. ] —
Humil'ia'tion, n. Act of, or state -griest.] Feeling hunger; having an eager desire;
of being, etc. —
Humility, -tl, n. State or quality showing hunger; not rich or fertile; poor; barren.
of being humble; lowliness of mind; modesty; diffi- [AS. hungrig.]— Hun^grily, -IT, adv.
dence. [OF. humiliteit, humility, L. humilitas.] Hunk, hunk, w. A large lump or piece; a hunch. [See
Humble-bee, hum'bl-be, n. A
large, hairy bee, of many Hunch.] — Hunk'er, n. One opposed to progress in
species, having nests in the ground; a bumble-bee. politics; a conservative; fogy. — Hunks, n. A covet-
[Onomat. D. hommel, G. hummel, a humble-bee, D.
; ous, sordid man; a miser; niggard.
hommelen, G. hummen, to hum. See Bumble-bee.] Hunt, hunt, v. t. To follow after (game or wild ani-
Humbles, Umbles, um'blz, Nom'bles, n. pi. The en- mals); to chase; to search diligently after, pursue.—
trails of a deer or other beast. [OF. nombles, fr. LL. v. i. To follow the chase, go out in pursuit of game;
nurnbUe, numble, for lumbulus, dim. of L. lumbus, to seek by close pursuit, search, —n. A chase of
loin.]— To eat humble pie. To take up with mean wild animals, for catching them; pursuit; search; an
fare, accept humiliation, apologize abjectly. association of huntsmen. [AS. huntian, prop., to
Humbug, Humdrum. See under Hum. capture, Goth, hunths, captivity.] —
Hunt'er, n. One
Humerus, hu'mer-us, n. The shoulder the upper ; who pursues wild animals, a huntsman; a dog, also
arm; esp. the long bone fr. shoulder to elbow. [L.] a horse, used in the chase; a watch which has the
— Hu'meral, a. Pert, to, etc. crystal protected by a metallic cover. [AS. huntaJ]
— Hunting-
Humid, hu'mid, a. Containing sensible moisture ; — Hunt'ress, n. A woman who, etc.
damp; moist. [L. humidus, fr. humere, to be moist. horn, n. A
bugle; a horn used to cheer the hounds
See Humor.] — Humidity, -T-tT, n. Moisture; damp- in pursuit of game.— Huntslnan, n. ; pi. -men. One
ness; degree of wetness or saturation. who hunts, or practices hunting; a servant who man-
Humming-bird. See under Hum. ages the chase.
Hummock, hum'mok, n. A
rounded knoll or hillock; Hurdle, her'dl, n. A
framework of withes and stakes
a ridge or pile of ice on an ice-field; in Florida, tim- |
or of iron; a crate. [AS. hyrdel; s. rt. L. crates, a
bered land. [Prob. dim. of hump; D. homp, a hump, hurdle, Gr. kartalos, basket, E. crate, Skr. krit, to
hunch, hompelig, rugged.] weave.]
Humor, hu'mer or u'mer, n. Moisture; any fluid of Hurdy-gurdy, her'dT-geVdT,
an animal body except blood, esp. a portion of the n. A stringed instrument,
eye. {Med.) A
vitiated or morbid animal fluid, of music, whose sounds are
such as often causes an eruption on the skin; an produced by the friction of
eruptive affection of the skin a rash. State of mind a wheel, and regulated by
;
Hurdy-gurdy,
(formerly fancied to depend on the condition of the the fingers. [Onomat.: cf. Scot, hur, to snarl; gurr,
fluids of the body); disposition: temper; whim; ca- to growl.]
price present disposition: that quality of the im- Hurl, herl, v. t. [hurled (herld), -hurling.] To send
;

agination which excites mirth by ludicrous images whirling or whizzing through the air: to throw vio-
or representations wit satire pleasantry.; v. t. lently. —
n. Act of hurling; a cast: fling. [Contr. of —
—
; ;

[humored (-merd), -moring.] To comply with the hurtle, freq. of hurt, q. v.] Hurl'er, n. One who
humor of, please by indulgence, gratify, favor; to hurls, or plays at hurling. Hurl'ing, n. Act of —
adapt one's self to! [OF. and L., fr. L. humere, throwing with force; a game of ball.
umere, to be moist: s. rt. Gr. hugros, moist, Skr. uksh, Hurl-bone, herKbon, n. {Far.) bone near the mid- A
to wet.] —
Hu'moral. a. Pert, to, or proceeding from, dle of the buttock of a horse.
the humors. —
Hu'moralism, -izm, n. State of be- Hurly, herlT, Hurly-buray, n. Tumult; bustle; con-
ing humoral: doctrine that diseases have their seat in fusion. [F. hurler. It. urlare, to yell, howl, q. v.]
the humors or fluids of the body. —
Hu'morism, n. Hurra, -rah, hoor-ra'. interj. Huzza! a shout of joy or
{Med.) Humoralism. Humorousness. Hu'morist, —
exultation. [See Huzza.]
n. One who attributes diseases to the diseased state Hurricane, hurlT-kan, n. violent stom, chcracter- A
of the humors one who has strong peculiarity of
: ized by extreme fury of the wind and its auddcn
character, which he indulges in odd or whimsical
j

changes. [Sp.and Carib. huracan.~\— Hurricc:::o deck, I

ways one who has a playful fancy or genius a {Satd.) The upper deck of steamboats.:
'

—
wag; droll. Hu'morous. -us, a. Subject to be gov- Hurry, hur'rT, v. t. [-ried (-rid), -rying.] xo hasten-,
erned by humor or caprice; full of humor: exciting urge onward: to cause to be done quickly; to im- !

siin, cube, full ; moon, io"ot : cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 —— — —

HURT 268 HYDRA

pel to violent or thoughtless action to precipitate, hyacinthe, L. hyacinthus, Gr. huakin-
expedite, quicken. —
v. i. To move or act with haste
;

thos; same as jacinth; in Grecian fa-

or precipitation.— n. Act of hurrying; haste; speed; ble, a beautiful Laconian youth, be-
urgency; bustle. [OSw. hurra, to whirl round, Dan. loved by Apollo, who killed him by a
hitrre, to buzz, hum, Ic. hurr, a noise E. whir.] = cast of his quoit, from whose blood the
Hurt, hert, v, t. [hurt, hurting.] To wound or flower sprang up.] —
Hyacinth'ine,
bruise painfully; to damage, injure, harm; to wound -in, a. Made of, or like, hyacinth ;
the feelings of, annoy, grieve. n. physical in- — A of a violet, purple, dark auburn, or
jury causing pain; detriment; wound; harm; loss; brown color. _
mischief disadvantage. [OF. hurter, keurter, to
; Hyades, hi'a-dez, Hy'ads, -adz, n. pi.
knock, dash, hit against, W. hyrddu, to push, butt, (Astron.) A
cluster of stars in the '

attack, Corn, hordh, a ram.] Hurt'er, n. Hurt'-— — head of the constellation Taurus,
ful,-ful, a. Tending to impair or destroy; pernicious; supposed by the ancients to indicate
harmful; mischievous: injurious; unwholesome. the approach of rainy weaJier, when
Hurffully, adv. —
Hurt'fulness, ?;. Hurt'less, a. — they rose with the sun. [L. and Gr.,
Harmless; innocent. —
Hur'tle, -tl, v. i. To clash, fr. Gr. huein, to rain.]
jostle; to move rapidly, skirmish; to make a clash- Hyaline, hi'a-lin, a. Glassy; crystal-
ing, terrifying, or threatening sound. v. t. To — line; transparent. [Gr. hualinos, fr.
brandish; to push forcibly. [Freq. of hurt; ME. hualos, glass.]
hurten, to dash.] Hybrid, hi'brid or hib'rid, n. An ani-
Hurtleberry. Same as Huckleberry and Whortle- mal or plant produced from mixture Hyacinth,
berry. of 2 species; a mongrel; mule. a. —
Husband, huz'band, n. A man who has a wife. v. t. — Produced from, etc. [L. hibrida, hybrida ; perh. s„
To direct and manage with frugality; to cultivate rt. L. superus, Skr. upan, over, above; perh. fr. Gr.
(land); to till. [AS. husbonda, Ic. husbondi, fr. kits, hubris, -bridos, wantonness, violation.]
house, and buandi, dwelling, fr. bua, to abide, Hydatid, hid'' a-tid, n. (Zool.) A
parasitic membran-
dwell.] —A ship's husband. (Naut.) An agent who ous sac filled with a pellucid fluid, found in various-
manages the business of a snip for the owners. — parts of the body of organized beings. [Gr. hudatis,
Hus'bandman, n. ; pi. -men. farmer; tiller of the A -idos, a water vesicle under the upper eyelid, fr.
round. —
Hus'bandry, -ri, n. Care of domestic af- hudor, water: see Hydra.]
fairs; domestic economy; business of a husbandman Hydra, hi'dra, n. ; E. pi. -dras, -draz, L. pi. -dr.b,
or farmer; agriculture; tillage. -dre. (Myth.) A
water-serpent having many heads,
Hush, hush, a. Silent still quiet. n.
; Stillness — one of which, being cut off, was succeeded by an-
—
; ;

quiet, v.t. [hushed (husht), hushing.] To still, other, unless the wound was cauterized. multi- A
silence; to calm (commotion or agitation).— v. i. To farious evil, or one not to be repressed by a single
be still; to be silent, —
esp. used in the imperative, effort. (Zool.) A
minute kind of fresh water pol-
as an exclamation. [Onomat. ; same as ivhist.] — yp. [L. Gr. hudra, water-snake, fr. Gr. hudor, hu-
;

Hush'-mon'ey, n. A
bribe to secure silence. datos, water s. rt. L. unda, Skr. udan, Goth, wato,
;

Husk, husk, n. The external covering of certain fruits D. and E. water, q. v.] —
Hy'drous, -drus, a. Con-
or seeds of plants. v. t. —
[husked (huskt), husk- taining water, watery. —
Hydremia, -dre'mY-a, n.
ing.] To strip off the external covering of. [D. (Pathol.) An abnormally watery state of the blood.
and LG. hulse, a husk; s. rt. AS. hulc, a hut, E. hol- [Gr. hudor and haima, blood.]— Hydran^gea, -je-a,
—
ster.'] Husk'ing, n. Act of stripping off husks, as n. (Bot.) A
shrubby genus of plants bearing oppo-
from Indian corn a meeting of neighbors, to assist site leaves and large heads of showy flowers. [Gr.
—
;

in husking corn. —
Husk'y, -I, a. Abounding with, anggeion, vessel, capsule.] Hydrant, n. pipe A
consisting of, or like husks. or spout at which water may be drawn from the
Husky, husk'!, a. Rough in tone; hoarse; raucous. mains of an aqueduct a water-plug street foun-
—
;

[AS. hwosta, D. hoest, Skr. kasa, a cough.] Husk'- — tain. Hydrar'gyrum, -jT-rum, n. Quicksilver
;

mess, n. mercury. [Gr. arguros, silver.] —

Hy'drate, -drat, n.
;

Hussar, huz-zar'', n. (Mil.) Orig. one of the national ( Chem.) Acompound formed by the union of a def-
cavalry 'of Hungary and Croatia; now one of the inite proportion of water with some other substance,
light cavalry of European armies. [Hung, huszdr, generally forming a neutral salt. Hy'dride, -drid —
fr. husz, 20, because formerly every 20 houses were n. (Chem.) A
compound of the binary type, in which
to furnish one horse-soldier.] hydrogen, as a negative, is united with some other
Hussif, huz'zif, n. A
case for thread, needles, etc., element. —Hydrau'lic, -drawlik, -lical, a. Pert, to
called also housewife. [Ic. husi, a case, skserishusi, a hydraulics, or to fluids in motion. Hydraulics, —
3; s. rt. hus, house, q. v.; not fr. wife.] sing. That branch of science or of engineering which
Hussy, huz'zi, n. An ill-behaved woman or girl rl; treats of fluids, esp. water, in motion. [F. hydrau-
jade; pert girl; a case for thread, needles, etc.: see lique, music of running water, Gr. hudraulis, an or-
Hussif. [Corrupt, of housewife, q. v. under House.] gan worked by water, aulos, a tube, pipe.] Hydravr-
— Hus'wife, -zif or -wif n. A
female economist or lie cement. Cement which
,

housekeeper; a worthless woman; a case for sewing will harden under water. —
materials. See Housewife.— Hus'wifery, n. Man- H. press. A
press in which
agement of family concerns by a woman. great power is obtained fr. a
Hustings, hus'tingz, n. pi. The principal court of the forcing pump which forces
city of London, held before the lord mayor, record- water into a large cylinder.
er, and aldermen place where the election of a mem-
; — //. ram. A
machine for
ber of Parliament is held; platform on which candi- raising water by means of
dates stand. [AS. husting, Ic. hust.Ju'ng, a council, fr. the momentum of the water
hus, house, and thing, thing, also assembly, meeting, of which a portion is to be Hydraulic Ram.
parliament, court.] raised.— Hy'droceie, -sel, n.
Hustle, hus'l, v. t. [-tled (-Id), -tling.] To shake (Med.) Dropsy of the scrotum or of the coverings of
together in confusion, jostle, shove about roughly. the testicles or spermatic cord. [Gr. kele, tumor.] —
[D. hutselen, to shake up and down in a tub, etc., fr. Hydrocephalus, -sefa-lus, n. (Med.) Dropsy of the
O D, hutsen, to jog, jolt.] brain. [Gr. kephale, head.] —
Hy'drodynamlc, a.
Hut, hut, n. A
small house, or cabin. v. t. To place — Pert, to, or derived from, the force or pressure of wa-
in huts, as troops in winter quarters. [F. hutte, OHG. ter.— Hy/ drodynam , ics, n. Principles of dynamics,
hutta, Skr. kuti, a hut, fr. kut, to bend, cover.] as applied to water and other fluids.— Hy / drofluor y'ic,
Hutch, huch, n. A
chest, box, etc., for storing things; -floo-oVik, a. (Chem.) Pert, to, or derived from,
a coop for rabbits a low-wheeled car in a mine.
; fluorine and hydrogen, —if. acid. An acid obtained
[OF. huche, LL. hutica, prob. fr. OHG. huatan, to by distilling fluor-spar with sulphuric acid. Hy'- —
take care of, huota, care; s. rt. E. heed, q. v.] drogen, -jen, n. (Chem.) An inflammable, colorless,
i, huz-za'', n. A
shout of joy. interj. Hurrah! — inodorous gas of extreme lightness, one of the ele- —
v.i. [huzzaed (-zad'), -zaing.] To utter a shout ments of water. [Gr. genein, to generate, the com- —
of joy, approbation, or encouragement. [G. hussa, bustion of hydrogen producing water.] Hy'dro- —
Dan. and Sw. hurra. See Hurry.] genate, -at, v. t. (Chem.) To combine with hydro-
Hyacinth, hi'a-sinth, n. (Bot.) A bulbous plant of gen.— Hy'drogenize, v. t. [-ized (-izd), -izing.J To
many varieties, bearing spikes of fragrant flowers : combine with hydrogen, hydrogenate. Hydrog''- —
the " wild hyacinth" ( Eastern quamash) and " Pe- enous, -droj'e-nus, a. Pert, to, or containing, hy-
ruvian hyacinth " are varieties of scilla. (Min.) A drogen. —
Hydrog y'rapher, -fer, n. One who draws
red variety of zircon, sometimes used as a gem. [F. maps of the sea, etc., with the adjacent shores.
am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare; end, Odd, tone, 6r ;
 HYEMAL
Hydroglaphy, Art of measuring and de-
-ft, re.
scribing the sea, lakes, rivers, etc., or of forming
charts of the same. [Gr. gi'aphein, to draw, de-
scribe.]— Hydrol'ogy, re. Science of water, its prop-
erties, phenomena, and laws, its distribution in
lakes, rivers, etc., over the earth's surface. [Gr.
logos,discourse.]— Hy'droman'cy, -man'sT, n. Div-
ination or prediction of events by water. [Gr.
manteia, divination.] —
Hy'dromel. -drc-mel, n. A
liquor consisting of honey diluted in water. [Gr.
meli, honey.] — Hydrom''eter, re. An instrument for
determining the specific gravities and thence the
strength of liquids; also, one for measuring the ve-
locity or discharge of water, as in rivers, from reser-
voirs, etc. [Gr. metron, measure.] —
Hydromet'ric,
-rical, a. Pert, to hydrometry or made by a hydrom-
eter.— Hydrom'etry, -trf, n. The determining the
specific gravity and strength of liquids; art or oper-
ation of measuring the velocity or discharge of run-
ning water.— Hydrop'athy, -a-tht, re. The water-
cure, a mode of treating diseases by the use of pure
— Hyperbaton, hi-per'ba-ton, n. (Gram.)
water. £Gr. pathos, suffering.] Hydropathic,
>
-ical, a. Pert, to, etc.— Hydrop athi8t, Hy'dropath,
n. One who practices, etc.— Hydropho"'bia, -fo'M-a,
re. {Med.) A preternatural dread of water, a —
symptom of canine madness; the disease caused by
inoculation with the saliva of a rabid dog. [Gr.
phobos, fear.] — Hydrophobic, a. Pert, to, etc.
Hydrop'ic. -ical, a. Dropsical; resembling dropsy.
— Hy'dropult, n. A machine for throwing water Dy
—
hand power, a garden engine, fire extinguisher,
etc. [Gr. pallein, to hurl.] —
Hy'droscope, -skop, re.
An instrument to mark the presence of water in air;
a kind of water clock used by the ancients. [Gr.
skopein, to view.] —Hydrostatic, -ical, a. Relating
to liydrostatics; pert, to, or in accordance with, the
principles of the equilibrium of fluids. Hydro-
statics, re. Science of the pressure and equilibrium
of fluids. [See Statics.] —
Hydrotholax, re. (Med.)
Dropsy in the chest. [Gr. thorax, chest.]
Hyemal, hi-e'mal, a. Belonging to, or done in winter.
[L. hyemalis, hiemalis, fr. hyems, or hiems, winter.]
Hyena, hi-e'na, re. ; pi. -nas, -naz. A
carnivorous
mammal of ***,&
Asia and Afri-
ca, allied to the
dog: its habits
are nocturnal,
and it gener-
ally feeds upon
carrion. [L.
hysena, Gr. nu-
aina, lit. sow-
like, fr. reus=
L. sus, E. sow.]
flygeian. hi-ie r -
an, a. Relating
to Hygeia, god"-
„
Hyena,
dess of health; pert, to health or its preservation.
TGr. Hugeia, f r. hugieinos, hugies, sound, healthy.]
Hy'giene, -jt-en. re. Science of preserving health,
esp. of households and communities. Hygienic,
-en-ik, a. Pert, to, etc.; sanatory.
Hygrology, hi-groKo-jT, re. Doctrine of the fluids of
the body, or the phenomena and causes of atmos-
pheric moisture. [Gr. hugros, wet, damp, and logos,
discourse.]— Hygrom'eter, n. An instrument for
measuring the moisture of the atmosphere. [Gr.
metron, measure.] —
Hygromefric, -rical, a. Pert,
to hygrometry made by, or according to, the hy-
; bulist.
grometer; readily absorbing and retaining moisture.
— Hygrom'etry, -trt, re. Determination of the hu-
midity of bodies, esp. of the atmosphere. Hy'gro-
scope. -gro-skop, re. An instrument which shows
whether there is more or less moisture in the atmos-
phere, but not its amount. [Gr. skopein, to view.]
Hylotheism, hi-lo-thelzm, re. Doctrine or belief that
matter is God. [Gr. hule, wood, matter, and Theos,
God.]— Hylozo'ism, re. Doctrine that matter pos-
sesses a species of life. [Gr. zoe, life, zan, to live.]
Hymen, hi' men, n. (Myth.) The god of marriage and
nuptial solemnities. (Anat.) The virginal mem-
brane. [L.; Gr. Hitmen, god of marriage, also skin,
membrane.]— Hymene'al, -e'an, a. Pert, to mar-
riage or a wedding: nuptial. ». — A
marriage song;
epithalamium.— Hymenop'teral, -tc-r-al, -terous, -us,
a. Pert, to an order of insects having 4 membranous
wings, as the bee, the wasp, etc. [Gr. pteron, wing.]
Hymn, him, re. An ode or song of praise, adoration,
thanksgiving, etc., esp. one sung in worship. v. t.
[hymned (himd), hymning.] To worship or extol
sun, cube, full ; moon, fdot
269 HYPO
by singing hymns ; to sing. [OF. ymne, hymne, L.
j
kymntis, Gr. humnos.] — Hymenal, n. A book of
I
hymns. — Hym'nic, a. Relating to hymns. — Hym-
nbg'raphy, -ft, re. Art of writing hymns hymuol- ;
ogy. [Gr. graphein, to write.] —
HymnoKogy, -jT, n.
A collection of hymns hymns of a period or coun-
;
try hvmns collectively ;" treatise on hymns. [Gr.
;
loqos, discourse.]
Hyoid, hi'oid, Hyoid'ean, -e-an, a. Having the form
of an arch, or of the Greek letter upsilon [vl. [Gr.
huoeides, fr. {, (hu) and eidos, form.] Hyoid bone. A
bone between the root of the tongue and the larynx.
Hyp, hip, re. A
morbid depression of spirits; melan-
choly. —v. t. To make melancholy, depress the
spirits of. [Contr. of hypochondria, q. v.]
Hypallage, hi-palla-je, re. (Gram.) A
figure consist-
ing of a transference of attributes from their proper
subjects to others. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. hupo (s. rt.
L. sub, E. up), under, and ullage, a change, fr. alias-
sein, to change, alios, other; s. rt. alien, else.']
figurative A
construction, changing the natural and
proper order of words and sentences.
[Gr., prop. neut. of huperbatos, trans-
posed, fr. huper (s. rt. L. super, compar.
of sub, under, fr. supeiits, upper; Skr.
upari, compar. of upa, near, under),
— above, beyond, and bainein, to go.] —
Hyper'bola, -bo-la, re. (Geom.) A curve
formed by a section of a cone, when
the cutting-plane makes a greater an-
gle with the base than the side of the /
cone makes. [Gr. huper and ballem, to
throw.]— HyperTjole, -bo-le, re. (Rhet.) TT_. r p _h .i,
A figure of speech which expresses a ypz T0Ola~ ,
more or less than the truth; exaggeration. — Hyper-
— bolic, -ical, a. (Math.) Pert, to or of the nature of
the hyperbola. Relating to, or containing, hyperbole.
— Hy'perbollcally, -It, adv. In the form of a hy-
perbola; with exaggeration. —
Hy'perbol'iform, a.
Having the form of a hyperbola. Hyper'bolist, —
re. One who uses hyperboles. Hyperbolean, -re- —
am a. Northern; very far north; arctic; heace very
cold; frigid. —
re. An inhabitant of the most north-
ern region of the earth. [L. and Gr. Boreas, the
north wind.] —Hy'percat'aledic. a. ( Gr. & Lot.
Pros.) Having a syllable or two beyond the regular
measure. [See Catalectic.] —
Hypercritlc, re. One
critical beyond measure a captious censor. [Gr.
;
kritikos, critical.] —
Hypercrific, -ical, a. Over-
critical; critical beyond use or reason; excessively
nice or exact. —
Hypercritlcism, -sizm, n. Excess-
ive or unjust criticism. —
Hyperlneter, re. A hyper-
catalectic verse anything exceeding the ordinary
;
standard of measure. [Gr. metron, measure.] Hy- —
pertrophy, -tro-ft, re. (Med.) Morbid enlargement
or overgrowth of an organ or part of the body. [Gr.
trophe, nourishment.]
Hyphen, Mien, re. (Print.) A mark, thus [-], to con-
— nect syllables of divided, or parts of compound,
words. [L. and Gr., for Gr. huph' en, under one ;
— hupo (see Hypallage) and hen, neut. of heis, one.]
Hypnotic, hip-notlk, a. Tending to produce sleep;
soporific characterized by unnatural or morbid
;
sleep. [Gr. hupnoun, to lull to sleep, hupnos, sleep.]
— Hyp'notism, -no-tizm, re. A kind of mesmeric
sleep or somnambulism; a similar condition pro-
duced by gazing at a verv bright object. — Hyp'no-
bate,-bat,re. One who walks in his sleep; a somnam-
[F.; Gr. bainein, to go, walk.
Hypo, hi'po, re. A morbid depression of spirits; hyp.
[Contr. of hypochondria.] —
Hyp'ochon'dria, hip'o-
— kon'drT-a, re. (Med.) A
mental disorder, in which
one is tormented by melancholy and gloomy view?,
esp. about his own health. —
Hyp / ochon'r driac. a.
Pert, to the hypochondrium, or the parts of the
body so called ;"affected, characterized, or produced
by, hypochondria; producing melancholy, or low
spirits. — re. A person affected with hypochondria.
— Hyp'ochon'drium, re.; pi. -dria. (Anat.) That
part of the cavity of the abdomen which, on either
side, is beneath the cartilages of the false ribs. [L.
and Gr., fr. Gr. hupo (see Hypallage) and chondros,
a gristle, cartilage, esp. of the breast-bone.] Hy- —
poc'risy, -rl-st, re. The act or practice of a hypo-
crite; simulation, or dissimulation; esp. the assum-
ing of a false appearance of virtue or religion. [Gr.
hupokrisis, a reply, acting of a part, hupokrinomai, I
act a part, reply, fr. hupo and krinomai, I contend.
— dispute, middle voice of krinein, to judge, discern.]
— Hyp'ocrite, -krit, re. A
pretender to virtue o*
; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 HYPO 270 ICHTHYOLOGY
which he has not. —
Hypocritlc, -ical, freight, or cargo is made liable for repayment of
Belonging to a hypocrite; exhibiting hypocrisy.— money advanced for the necessities of the ship. —
Hypocritically, adv. —
Hypoder'mic, -derlnik, a. Hypotb/enuse. Same as Hypotenuse.— Hypothe-
{Med.) Pert, to what js under the skin; subcutane- sis, hi- or hi-, n. ; pi. -SES,-sez. A supposition; some-
ous. [Gr. derma, skin.] —
H. injection. The intro- thing not proved, but assumed for the purpose of
ducing, by a syringe, under the skin, some medicinal argument; a theory assumed to account for known
substance— an aesthetic, narcotic, etc.—Hypogastric, facts or phenomena. —
Hypothetic, -ical, a. Char-
a. (Anat.) Relating to, or situated in, the middle of acterized by a hypothesis conditional assumed
—
; ;

the lower part of the abdomen. [Gr. gaster, belly .] — without proof for the purpose of reasoning. Hypo-
Hypos'tasis, hi- or hY-posla-sis, n. ; pi. -ses, -sez. thetlcally, adv.
Substance, or subsistence; hence, each of the 3 sub- Hyson, hi'sn, n. A
species of green tea. [Chin, Tit-
divisions of the Godhead, —
the Father, Son, and tshun, i. e., lit. first crop, or blooming spring.] Hy- —
Holy Spirit. [L. and Gr. Gr. stasis, a placing, stand-
; son skin. Refuse portion of the fine tea called Hy-
ing.]— Hypostatic, -ical, a. Pert, to hypostasis, or son skin is a Chinese word meaning refuse.
:

substance; constitutive or elementary; personal, or Hyssop, hYs'sup or hi'zup, n. plant whose leavesA
distinctly personal. — Hypostatlcally, adv. — Hy- nave an aromatic smell, and a warm, pungent taste.
potenuse, hi- or hY-pot'e-nus, n. (Geom.) [OF. hyssojje, Gr. hussopos, Heb. ezobh.~]
The longest side of a right-angled trian- Hysteria, his-telY-a, n. (Med.) nervous affection, A
gle, or the line that subtends the right manifested by alternate fits of laughing and crying,
angle. [F. L. hypotenusa, Gr. hupotein-
; or temporary delirium, with a sensation of strangu-
ousa, the subtending (line), f r. hupo and lation. [OF. hysterique, Gr. husterikos. suffering in
teinein, to stretch.] —
Hypothecate, hi- the womb, ir.'hustera, womb.] —Hysteric, -tgrlk,
or hi-, v. t. {Law.) To confer on (one's -ical a. Of, or pert, to, affected, or troubled, with
creditor) a right in a thing, with power „», >,„„„*. hysterics; convulsive; fitful.— Hysterotomy, -o-mY,
to sell it for the discharge of a debt out e'nuse n. (Surg.) Operation of cutting into the uterus, to
of the proceeds; to subject (property) to take out a fetus; the cesarean section. [Gr. tome, a
liability for a debt without delivery of possession or cutting, temnein, to cut.]
transfer of title to pledge. [OF. lujpotheque, L. hypo-
; Hysteron-proteron, hisle-ron-profe-ron, n. (Rhet.)
theca, a mortgage, Gr. hupothcke, an under-prop, also Afigure in which the word that should follow comes
a pledge, mortgage, fr. hupo and theke, a pledge, tithe- first; an inversion of logical order, in which the con-
nai, to place.] —
Hypothecation, n. (Civ. Law.) clusion is put before the premises, or the thing
Act or contract by which property is hypothecated. proved before the evidence. [Gr. husteros, the lat-
iLaw of Shipping.) A contract whereby the vessel, ter, proteros, sooner.)

t, i, the 9th letter of the Eng. alphabet, has 2 principal I'cy, -si, a. [icier, iciest.] Pert, to, composed of,
sounds,— the long sound, as in pine, fine, ice; and like, or abounding in, ice; cold; frosty; chilling in
the short, as in pin, fin, gift. 1 and J were formerly —
manner, etc. [AS. isig.] I/ciness, ».— I'cing, n. A
regarded as the same character, and in English dic- covering of concreted sugar; frosting. —Ice'berg, n.
tionaries were long classed together. A hill or mountain of ice floating on the ocean. [D.
f, i, pron. [poss. my or mine objective me pi., nom. ijsberg, Dan. iisbierg, fr. D. berg. Dan. bierg, moun-
;

we; poss. our or ours; obj. us.] The nominative case

;

tain, hill.] —
Ice'blink, n. A bright appearance near
of the pronoun of the first person, the word by — the horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light
which a speaker or writer denotes himself. [ME. ik, from ice, and visible before the ice itself is .seen.
ich, i, AS. ic, D. and Goth, ik, Ic. eh, Dan.jeg, G. ich, [Dan. iisblink ; blinke, to gleam. See Blink.] —
W. t, L. and Gr. ego, Skr. a/iarn. prob. for agam.} -cream, n. Cream or milk, sweetened, flavored, and
Iamb, i'amb, Iam'bus, L. pi. Iam'bi, -bi E. pi. congealed by a freezing mixture. — -floe, n. A
-buses, -bus-ez, Iam'bic, n. (Pros.) A foot of 2
;

large sheet of floating ice. -house, n. —

repository A
syllables, the 1st short and 2d long, or the 1st unac- for preserving ice during warm weather. plant,
cented and 2d accented. A
verse composed of such n. A
species of mesembryanthemum, sprinkled
feet. pi. A satirical poem ; satire ; lampoon, — this with watery vesicles, which glitter like ice. —Ice-
verse being often employed in landic, w. The language of the inhabitants of Ice-
such poems. f_Gr. iambos, lit. land: it is of Scandinavian origin, and more nearly
a throw, fr. xaptein, to cast, allied to the old Norse than any other language now
throw prob. s. rt. L. jacere, spoken. —
Iceland-moss, n. kind of nutritious A
;

to throw.] —
Iam'bic, -bical, a.
Consisting of, pert, to, or com-
posed of, etc.
Ibex, i'beks, n. A wild goat of
the Alps and other mountains
of Europe, remarkable for its
long, recurved horns. [L.] _
Ibidem, i-bi'dem, adv. In the
same place,— abb re v.
lichen, found in arctic regions and on high moun-
tains.— I'cicle, -sY-kl, n. A pendent conical mass
of ice. [AS. isgicel; gicel, small piece of ice.]
Ichneumon, ik-nulnon, n. A
carnivorous animal of
Egypt, resembling a
/i weasel, very destruc-
tive to the eggs of
»jj*'ss, T'
the crocodile, and of
ibid. [L.] Ibex poultry a hymenop-
;

Ibis, i'bis, n. A grallatory bird, one species of rhich terous insect whose
icnneumon.
was regarded in ancient Egypt larvesare parasitic in
with adoration. [L. and Gr.] other insects; ichneumon fly. [L. and Gr., lit. the
Icarian, i-ka'rT-an, a. Adventurous tracker, because it hunts out the eggs of the croco-
in flight; soaring too high for safe- dile, fr. ichneuein, to track or hunt after, fr. ichnos,
ty. [Fr. Icarus, son of Daedalus, track, footstep.]
who on wings to escape Minos;
fled Ichnograph, ik'no-graf, Ichncg'raphy, -ra-fY, n.
but the sun melted the wax that (Drawing.) A horizontal section of a building or
cemented his wings, and he was other object; aground-plan. [Gr. ichnographia, f r.
drowned in the sea.] ichnos, track, and graphein, to describe.]
Ice, is, n. Frozen water or other fluid; Ichor, i'kor, n. (Myth.) An ethereal fluid that sup-
concreted sugar water or cream
; plied the place of blood in the veins of the gods.
flavored and frozen, —v.t. [iced Ibis. An acrid waterv discharge flowing from an ulcer,
(1st), icing.] To cover with, orconvert into, ice; to wound, etc. [Gr.; s. rt. Gr. ikntas, moisture, ikma-
cover with concreted sugar; to frost; to cool, as with nein, Skr. sich, to wet.] I'chorous, -us, a. Com- —
ice; to freeze. [AS., Sw., and OHG. is, D. ijs, Dan. posed of, or like, ichor; thin; watery.
its.]— To break the ice. To make the first opening or Ichthyology, ik-thY-ol'o-jY, n. Science of the struc-
advances; to introduce a subject, open the way.— ture, habits, classification, etc., of fishes. [Gr. ich-

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; end, eve, tSrm ; Yn, Ice ; Odd, tone, 5r \
 ICICLE 271 IGNOBLE
thus, fish, and logos, discourse.] — Ichthyoph'agous, something described or asserted, or of possessing a
-ofa-gus, a. Eatin? or subsisting on tish. [Gr. character claimed. [F. identite, L. identitas.]
phagein, to eat.] —
Ich'thyosaur', -o-sawr', -sau'rus. Ides, idz, n. pi. (Anc. Rom. Calendar.) The 15th day
-saw'rus, a. (Paleon.) An extinct carnivorous rep- of March, May, July, and October, and the l'ith of
other months. [F. ; L. idus ; peril, s. rt. Skr. indu,
the moon.]
Idiom, id'T-um.re. A
mode of expression peculiar to a
language or dialect; genius or peculiar cast of a lan-
guage; peculiar form or variety of language. [F. idi-
ome, L. and Gr. idioma, f r. Gr. idioun, to make one's
Ichthyosaurus. own, fr. idios, one's own, peculiar to one's self, Skr.
tile, lizard-like, and with vertebras like those of svayam, self (reflexive pron.).] —
Id'iomatlc, -o-
fishes. [Gr. sauros, lizard.] matlk, -ical, a. Peculiar to a language; conformed
Icicle, Icing, etc. See under Ice. to the mode of expression of a language. Idioc'- —
Iconoclast, i-kon'o-klast,re. A destroyer of images or rasy, -ok'ra-sT, Fdiosyn'crasy, -sin'kra-sT, re. Pe-
idols; one who exposes impositions or shams. [Gr. culiarity of constitution or temperament; individ-
eikon, image, and klastes, a destroyer, fr. klaein, to ual characteristic or susceptibility. [Gr. idios, sun.
break.] —
Iconoclastic, a. Breaking images. — together, and kiwi*, a. mingling, f r. kerannunai, to
Iconog'raphy, -ra-fl, n. Description of ancient im- mix.] — Idiop'athy, -a-thT, re. (Med.) morbid A
ages or representations, as statues, paintings, en- state or condition not occasioned by any other dis-
gravings on gems or metals, etc. [Gr. graphein, to ease. [Gr. pathos, suffering, disease.]— Idiopathic,
describe.] —
Iconol'ogy, -jl, re. Pictorial or emblem- Pert, to, or indicating, etc. Idiot, -1-ut, re.
a. —
atical representation description of pictures or :
Orig., a person in private life, also an unlearned,
statues. [Gr. logos, discourse.] ignorant, or foolish person; now, a person destitute
Icosahedron, i'ko-sa-he'dron, re. A solid of 20 equal from birth of the ordinary intellectual powers a ;

sides. (Geom.) A
regular solid, consisting of 20 fool; imbecile; simpleton. [F.: L. idiota, Gr. idiotes,
equal and similar triangular pyramids whose ver- a private person, hence, one uneducated and igno-
tices meet in the center of a circumscribing sphere. rant.]— Idiocy, -o-sl, Idlotcy, ». Absence of the
[Gr. eikosi, 20, and hedra, seat, base.] mental faculties, natural to man, from congenital
Icteric, ik-terlk, re. A
remedy for the jaundice. —
imperfection in the size, form, or quality of the
Icteric, -ical, a. Pert, to, or affected with, jaundice; brain. —
Idiotic, -ical, a. Pert, to, or like an idiot
good against the jaundice. [Gr. ikteros, jaundice.] foolish, sottish. Idlotism, -izm, re. An idiom. — ;

Ictus, iklus, n. (Pros.) The stress of voice laid upon Idle, i'dl. a. [idler, idlest.] Of no account use- ;

the accented syllable of a wr

ord. [L., fr. icere, ictum, less; vain: unprofitable; not called into active service;
to strike.] — Ic'tic, a. Pert, to or produced by a inactive; doing nothing averse to labor or employ- ;

blow; sudden; abrupt. ment; indolent; lazy.— v. t. [idled (-did), idling.]

Icy. See under Ice. To spend in idleness, waste, consume. [AS. inlet,
I'd, id. A
contr. fr. I won! i or I had. vain, empty, useless, Dan. and Sw.iV/e/, sheer, mere,
—
Ide, id, n. A
lake fish of N. Europe, of the genus of pure; s. rt.'Gr. itharos, clear, pure (water).] I'dle-
the dace, roach, etc., but ascending rivers to spawn. ness, n. Inaction sluggishness sloth. [AS. idel- ; ;

Idea, i-de'a, re. ; pi. Ide'as, -az. The image or picture rees.] I'dler, n. I'dly, -dll, adv. — —
of a visible object, formed by the mind a similar Idol, i'dul, re. An image or representation of any-
;

image of any object, whether sensible or spiritual; thing; image of a divinity, made as an object of wor-
a general notion or conception, formed by general- ship; that on which the affections are strongly, ex-
ization a notion, conception, or thought a belief,
; cessivelv, and improperly set; deceitful image phan-
; ;

doctrine, or opinion one of the archetypes or pat- torn. [OF. idole, L. idolum, Gr. eidolon, fr. eidomai,
—
: .

terns of created things, conceived by the Platonists I appear, seem, idem, to see see Idea.] I'dolize, :

to have existed from eternity in the mind of the v. t. [-ized (-Tzd), -izing.] To make an idol of,
Deity. [L. and Gr., fr. Gr. idein, to see, Skr. vid, to pay idolatrous worship to to love or reverence to
perceive, know see Wit, to know.] : Ide'al, re. —
excess or adoration. A
I'doliz'er, re. Idol'ater, —
;

—
conception proposed by the mind for imitation, real- -dol'a-ter, re. worshiper of idols a pagan an A ; ;

ization, or attainment: a standard of perfection, adorer great admirer. [OF. idolatre ; Gr. latreia,
—
beauty, etc. a. Existing in idea or thought; intel- service, fr. latris, servant, fr. latron, hire.]
;

IdoK- —
lectual; mental: proposed for imitation, realization, atress, re. female worshiper of idols. A
Idol'a- —
or obedience: existing in imagination only; unreal; trous, -trus, a. Pert, to, or of the nature of, consist-
teaching the doctrine of idealism. [OF.; L. idealis.] ing in, or partaking of, etc. IdoKatry, -trT, re. —
— Ide'alism, -izm, re. The system or theory that Worship of idols, or anything which is not God; ex-
makes everything to consist in ideas doctrine that cessive veneration for anything. [F. idolatrie.']
;

we have no'rational grounds to believe in the real- Idoneons, i-do r ne-us, a. Suitable convenient fit ; ;

ity of anything but ideas and their relations.— Ide r - proper. [L. idoneus.~]
alist, re. One who holds the doctrine of idealism Idyl, i'dil or idll, re. short pastoral poem; also a
;
A
one who idealizes, or forms picturesque fancies or ro- narrative poem, in an elevated and finished style.
mantic expectations. —
Ideality, -I-tl, re. lively A
[L. idyllium, Gr. eidullion, fr. eidos, form, appear-
imagination, united to a love of the beautiful. See ance, fr. eidomai, I see. See Idol.]
Phrenology.— Ide'alize, v. t. [-ized (-Izd), -izing.] If, if, conj. In case that; granting, allowing, or sup-
To make ideal, give an ideal form or value to. —
posingthat; whether. [AS. gif, Ic, OFries., and Oh.
v. i. To form ideas. —
Ide'at, re. (Metaph.) The ef, also OFries., OS., and D. of, if; Ic. efa, to doubt;
ontological reality or actual existence corresponding prob. s. rt. L. opiniri. to suppose, apisci, Skr. ap, to
with an idea. —
Ide'ogram, -ograph, -o-graf, re. A
obtain; not fr. AS. git an, to give.]
pictorial representation of a visible object or of an Igneous, ig'ne-us, a. Pert, to, consisting of, contain-
abstract idea; a hieroglyph. [Gr. graphein, to write.] ing, or like fire. (Geol.) Resulting from the action
— Ideog'raphy, -ra-fl. n. Science of representing of fire. [L. igneus, fr. ignis, fire, ignire, -nitum, to set
ideas independently of sounds, etc., as in short-hand on fire, Skr. agni, fire, perh. fr. aj, to move.] Ig- —
writing, etc. —
Ideographic, -ical, a. Standing for nite', -n!f, v. t. To kindle, set on fire. v. i. lo —
and representing a notion or idea, without reference
—
take fire, begin to burn. Ignilor, -tSr, re. One —
to the name given to it. IdeoKogy, -o-jt, re. Sci- who, or that which, etc.; esp. the contrivance for
ence of ideas. (Metaph.) A
view of the formation inflaming powder in a torpedo, etc. Ignitlble, a. —
of ideas which derives them exclusively from sensa- Capable of being ignited. Igni'tion, -nish'un, re. —
tion. [Gr. logos, discourse.] Act of, or state of being, etc. Ignes'cent, -sent, a. —
Idem, i'dem. The same as above, abbreviated id. —
Emitting sparks of fire when struck with steel;
[L.] — Iden'tical, -tik-al, a. The same the very scintillating. — Ignif'erous, -er-us, a. Producing
;

same not different expressing sameness or the fire. [L./erre, to bear, produce.] Ignip'otent, a. —
—
: :

same truth. —
Identically, adv. Idenlify, -tT-fi, Presiding over fire. [L..pot ens, powerful.]— Ig'nis-
v. t. [-fied (-fid), -fying.] To make to be the same, fat'uus, -u-us, re. pi. Ig'nes-fat'ui, -nez-fat'u-I. ,•

unite or combine, treat as having the same use or A

flitting light that appears, at night, over marshy
effect to determine or establish the identity of,
; grounds, etc., supposed to be occasioned by decom-
prove to be the same. v. i. —
To become the same, position of animal or vegetable substances, or by in-
coalesce in interest, purpose, use, effect, etc. [F. flammable gas; will-o'-the-wisp. [L./atuus, foolish,
identifier.'] —
Iden'tifica'tion, re. Act of, etc. i. e., misleading.] —
Iden'tity. -ti-tl, re. State or quality of being iden- Ignoble, ig-no'bl, a. Of low birth or family; not no-
tical sameness condition of being the same with
; ; ble or illustrious; mean; worthless; not honorable,

sun, cube, full -•

moon, f<5ot ; cow, oil ; linger or ink, then, boNboN, chair, get.
 ; .
;

IGUANA 272 IMAGE

elevated, or generous; base; degenerate; degraded; Illegibility, n. —
Illegitimate, -jit'i-mat, a. Not
disgraceful; infamous. [F. L. ignobilis, f r. in priv. ; regular or authorized unlawful unlawfully be- ; ;

(see Inability) and gnohilis, later nobilis, noble, q. gotten; born out of wedlock; illogical; not author-
v.] — Igno'bleness, n. —
Igno'bly, -bit, adv. Ig'- — ized by good usage. v. t. —
To render illegitimate.
nominy, -min'T, n. Public disgrace or dishonor; an — Illegit'imalion, n. Act of illegitimating; state
act deserving disgrace opprobrium reproach
; ; ; of being illegitimate; illegitimacy. Illegitimacy, —
shame; contempt; infamy. [F. ignominie, L. igno- -sT, n. State of bastardy; state of being not genuine.
minia, fr. in priv. and gnomen, nomen, renown, name, — Illib'eral, a. Not liberal; not free, generous, or
q. v.] —Ignominious, -T-us, a. Marked with, or de- noble; niggardly; mean; base narrow-minded in- ; ;

serving, etc.; infamous; despicable.— Ignominlous- dicating a lack of breeding, culture, etc.— Hlib'eraK-
ly, adv.— Ignore', -nor", v. t. [-nored (-nord'), ity, n. Quality of being illiberal. —Ulib'erally, adv.
-noring.] To be ignorant of. (Law.) To throw — Illicit, -lislt, a. Not permitted or allowed; pro-
out (a bill) as false or ungrounded. To refuse to hibited; unlawful. [F. illicite, L. illicitus ; licere, lici-
take notice of; to leave out of account or considera- tum, to be allowed, be lawful.] Illicitly, adv.— 11- —
tion. [F. ignorer, L. ignorare, fr. in priv. and gnos- licltness, n.— Illimitable, a. Incapable of being
cere, noscere, to know, q. v.]— Ignora'mus, n. ; pi. limited or bounded; limitless; unlimited; immeas-
-muses, -ez. An ignorant person a vain pretender urable infinite vast.
: Ulit'erate, a. Ignorant of —
—
; ;

to knowledge. [L., we are ignorant, orig. written letters or books untaught unlearned
; unlet- ; ;

upon bills of indictment by grand juries, when the
evidence was insufficient.] — Ig'norance,
-rans, n.
Condition of being ignorant want of knowledge.
[F.]— Ig'norant, a. Destitute of knowledge; umn-
structed or uninformed unacquainted unaware;
;
tered. [L. illiteratus ; literatus, learned: see Lit-
eral.] —
Illit'erateness, -eracy, -st, n. State of be-
; ing illiterate ignorance a literary blunder.
; Il- ; —
logical, -lojlk-al, a. Ignorant or negligent of, or
contrary to, the rules of logic or sound reasoning. —

displaying, or resulting from, ignorance; illiterate.

;

Illoglcally, adv. —
Illoglcalness, -icallty, -Y-ti, n.
fF.] — Ig/norantly, adv. —
Igliorantism, -izm, n. State or condition of being, etc.
Policy of keeping the masses in a state of ignorance Illness, Ill-natured, etc. See under III.
obscurantism. —
Ig'norantist, n. One who, etc. niude, il-lud', v. t. To play upon by artifice, deceive,
Ignana, I-gwa'na, n. An edible lizard of tropical mock. [F. illuder, L. illudere, -lusum, fr. in, on,
Amer. [Sp., fr. Caribbean yuana.] upon, and. ludere, to play.] Hlu'sion, -zhun, n. An —
Ihlang-ihlang, e/ lang-e'lang, n. powerful perfume A unreal image presented to the bodily or mental vis-
obtained from the volatile oil of an E. India flower. ion delusion mockery chimera fallacy; hallu-
; ; ; ;

[Malay, flower of flowers.] cination; a lace fabric used for ladies' dresses, bri-
jOex, ileks, n. A
genus of evergreen trees and shrubs, dal veils, etc. [F. L. illusio.] Illu'sionist, n. One
; —
including holly. [L.] —
Hide, T-lislk, a. Pert, to fiven to illusion a juggler. IUu'sive, -siv, a.
; — —
the holly, —
said of an acid contained in its leaves. )eceiving by false show; deceitful. Hlu'sively,
— nicin, -cine, -sin, n. The bitter principle of, etc. adv. —niu'siveness, n. Illu'sory, -so-rt, a. De- —
Ileum, iKe-um, n. The lower part of the small intes- ceiving by false appearances; fallacious.
tine. [NL., fr. Gr. eilein, to roll, twist up.] JV- — Illume, il-lum'' [-lumed (-lumd'), -luming], IUu'-
ium, -I-um, n. One of the flattened upper side bones minate, Hlu'mine, -min, v. t. To enlighten, supply
of the pelvis, forming part of the hip joint flank ; with light to light up (a building, etc.) in token of
;

bone; haunch bone. [L.; ilia, the flanks.] Iliac, — rejoicing or in honor of some person, party, or event;
-T-ak, Hi'acal, a. Pert, to the ileum or the ilium. to adorn (a book or page) with colored illustrations;
Eiad, il'I-ad, n. A
Greek epic poem, composed by to explain, elucidate. [F. illuminer, L. Uluminare,
Homer, on the destruction of Ilium, the ancient Troy. -natum, fr. in, on, upon, and luminare, to light up, fr.
Ilk, ilk, a. The game; also; each; every. [In Scot- lumen, light.] —
Illu'minable, a.— nin'mina'tion, n
tish usage, the phrase of that ilk denotes that one's Act of, or state of being, etc. festive decoration of ;

surname and the title of his estate are the same as, ; buildings with lights; adornment of books with col-
Grant of that ilk, i. e., Grant of Grant; in Eng. and ored illustrations; thing illuminated, as a house,
the U. S., it is ignorantly used to signify of that book, or manuscript that which illuminates or
same kind ; as, others of that ilk.~\ [Scot, ilk, AS. sale, gives light; brightness; splendor. Dlu'mina'tive,
;

each, ylc, ylca, the same. See Each.]
HI. il, a. [Comp. and superl. wanting, their places
being supplied by ivorse and worst, q. v.] Bad; evil;
contrary to good in a physical sense opposed to
advantage, happiness, etc. contrary to good, in a
moral sense ; sick; unwell; not accordant with rule,
fitness, or propriety ; cross surly ; peevish. n.
Evil of any kind; misfortune; disease: pain; wick-
—
a. Tending to illuminate or illustrate; illustrative.
— Hlu'mina'tor, -ter, n. One who, or that which,
illuminates; esp., one who illuminates manuscripts
; and books. [L.]— Ulu'mina'ti, n. pi. Lit., those
; who are enlightened, a name assumed by persons —
claiming a superior light on some subject, esp. by
— certain philosophers early in the 19th century, who
;

conspired against Christianity. Uln'minee', -ne', —

edness; depravity; iniquity, —adv. With pain or n. One of the Illuminati.
difficulty; not easily; not rightly or perfectly; not Illusion, Illusive, etc. See under Illude.
well. [Ic. illr, ill (adj.), Dan. ilde, Sw. ilia, ill, badly Illustrate, il-luslrat, v.t. To make clear or bright
(adv.); s. rt. AS. yfel =
E. evil, q. v.] Ill'ness, n. — to set in a clear light, exhibit distinctly; to explain;
Disease indisposition malady sickness wrong
: ; ; to exemplify, esp. by means of'figures, comparisons^
;

moral conduct; wickedness. Illy, -It, adv. In an — examples, etc. ; to ornament and elucidate with
ill or evil manner; not well. [Sometimes used, im- pictures or figures. [L. illustrare, -tratum, fr. in,
properly, for ill.'] 111 '-bred, a. —Not well-bred; upon, and lustrare, to enlighten; prob. s. rt. L. lu-
badly brought up; impolite. fa'vored, -vSrd, a. cidus, bright, lumen, light, luna, moon. See Lu-
Ill-looking ugly. nat/ured, -na^churd, a. Bad-
: cid.]— IUustra'tion, n. Act of illustrating; expla-

— —
tempered; peevish; cross; surly; dictated by, or in- nation: elucidation; state of being illustrated ; that
dicating, ill-nature. nat/uredly, adv. starred, which illustrates, esp., a picture, etc. IUuslrative, — —
-stard, a. Fated to be unfortunate. will', n. En- -tiv, a. Tending to illustrate; explaining. Illus''-
mity; malevolence. trator, n. One who illustrates. [L.] Illustrious, —
Ulapse, il-laps', n. A sliding in entrance of one ; -trt-us, a. Possessing luster, brightness, or brillian-
thing into another sudden attack.
; [L. illapsus, fr. cy; characterized by greatness, nobleness, etc.; con-
in (see In) and labi, lapsus, to fall, slide. See Lapse.] ferring luster or honor; brilliant; distinguished;
Illation, il-la/shun, n. Act of inferring from premises famous; renowned; eminent; glorious. [F. illustrt?,
or reasons thing inferred inference deduction:
; ; ; L. illustris, bright, renowned.] Uluslriously, adv. —
conclusion. [F.; L. illatio, fr. in and ferre, latum, Illutation, il-lu-ta'shun, n. The smearing the body
to carry, whence inference; L. latum tlatum, Gr. = with mud, esp. with sediment from mineral springs;
tletos, borne: see Tolerate.]— Illative, -tiv, a. a mud-bath. [F., fr. L. in and lutum, mud.]
Relating to, formed by, or dependent on, illation; Illy. See under III.
inferential; denoting an inference or rational con- Image, im'ej, n. A
similitude of any person or thing,
nection or justification. n. —
An illative particle. sculptured, drawn, or otherwise made perceptible to
Zllaudable, il-lawd'a-bl, a. Not laudable worthy of ; the sight; statue; picture; likeness; effigy; an idol:
censure or dispraise. [L. in priv. (see Inability) semblance appearance; representation of anything
;

and laudibilis. See Laudable.] Hle'gal, a. Not — to the mind. (Rhet.) A word-picture; illustration;
legal; contrary to law; unlawful; illicit. Illegal- — description; metaphor. (Opt.) The figure of any ob-
ity, -Y-tT, n. Quality or condition of being illegal. — ject formed by rays of light upon the retina of the
Ule'galize, v. t. To render unlawful. nie'gally, — eye, or upon a mirror or screen, or at the focus of
adv. — Illegible, -lej'T-bl, a. Incapable of being a lens. —
v. t. [imaged (-ejd), -aging.] To form
read; not legible or readable.— Illegibly, adv.— an image of to represent to the mental vision.
;

am, fame, far, pass or opera, fare ; 6nd, eve, term ; In, Ice ; Sdd, tone.
 IMAM 273 IMMUNITY
[F.; L. irnaqo, imaginis ; 8. L. imitart. to imitate, rt. (sec Inability) and maculare, -latum, to spot, mao-
q. v.] —
Im'agery, -ej-rl, n. Images in general, or in —
ula, a spot.] Immal'leable, -le-a-bl, a. Not malle-
mass unreal show ; work of the imagination or able, not capable of being extended by hammering.
;

fancy; false ideas; rhetorical decoration figures in ; — Immate'rial, -rT-al, a. Not consisting of matter;
discourse. —Imag'ine, -aj'in, v. t. [-ined (-ind), incorporeal; spiritual; of no essential consequence;
-ININO.] To form in the mind a notion or idea of unimportunt. — Imiaate 'rialism, /
-izm.n. Doctrine
*o contrive in purpose; to represent to one's self; to that immaterial substances or spiritual beings exist
fancy, conceive, suppose, plan, devise, frame. v. i. — or are possible; doctrine that the material world ex-
*To form conceptions, think, suppose. [F. imaginer, ists only in the mind. —
Immate'rialiBt, n. One who
L. unaginari, hiatus, to picture to one's self.] Im- — believes, etc. —
Immate / rialv ity, -T-tT, n. Quality
Ag'iner, n.— Imaginable, a.— Imag'inary, -rt, a. Ex- of being, etc. —Immature'', -tured', -turd', a. 'Not
isting only in imagination or fancy ideal chimer- ; ; mature or ripe; not arrived at perfection or comple-
ical visionary unreal. Imag'ina'tion, n. Power — tion; crude; too early; premafure.— Immature'ly,
; ;

by which the mind forms ideas or mental images ; adv.— Immature /'ne88, -tu/rity, -rl-tt, n. Condition
power to create or reproduce an object of sense pre- or quality of being immature.
viously perceived, or to recall a mental or spiritual — Immeas'urable. im-mezh'er-a-bl, a. Incapable
state before experienced ; power to recombine ma- of being measured ; illimitable. Immeas'urably, —
terials furnished by experience or direct apprehen- adv.— Imme'dlate, -dT-St, a. Not separated by any-
sion; fancy; power to recreate with readiness, under thing intervening ; proximate; close; not deferred
ike stimulus of feeling, for an elevated end or pur- by an interval of time; present producing its effect
pose; invention. —
Imag' ina'ttre, -tiv, a. Proceed- by direct agency acting directly. [OF. immediat;
;

ing from, and characteri2ed by, the imagination ; L. mediare, -atum, to be in the middle, medius, mid-
given to imagining; full of images, fancies, etc. dle.]— Imme'diately, adv. In an immediate man-
nam, T-miira', I'man, I'man. Imaum', T-mawm' ner without intervention of anything; without de-
priest among Mohammedans a Mohammedan ;
;

lay ; directly instantly ; quickly presently. Im- —

prince who has supreme spiritual and temporal pow- me'diatenesa, n.
;

—
Immelo'dious, -dt-us, a.- Not
;

er. [Arl imam, fr. amma, to walk before, preside.] melodious; harsh. —
Immemo'rial, -rf-al, a. Beyond
Imbanfcment. Same a3 Embankment. memory, record, or tradition out of mind. (Eng.
Imbecile, im'be-eil or .sgK, a. Destitute of strength, Law.) Previous to the reign of Richard I. Imme-
;

—
either of body or of mind; decrepit; weak; feeble; mo'rially, adv.— Immense', -mens'!', a. Unlimited;
impotent, —n. One who is, etc. [F. irnbecille, L. unbounded; very great; "huge; infinite; immeasur-
imbeciUus or -lis ; ME. imbe'cill,imbe'cel, to weaken, able ; prodigious monstrous. [F. L. immeneus;
diminish, subtract from. See Embezzle.] Imte- — metiri, mensus, to measure, q. v.]
;

Immensely, adv. —
;

efl'ity, -T-tY, n. Quality of being imbecile. — Immen'sity, -el-tT, n. Unlimited extension in-
Imbed, im-bed', v. t. To sink or lay, as in partially finity vastness in extent or bulk
; greatness. Im- ;
— ;

inclosing clay, mortar, etc. men'surable, a. Not to be measured; immeasurable.

Imbezzle. Same as Embezzle. — Immen'aurate, a. Unmeasured. Imm«tnodr- —
Imbibe, im-blb', u. f. [-bibed (r b\bd /'), -bibing.] To ical, a. Not methodical; wanting method.
drink in, absorb; to receive into the mind and re- — Immla'cible, im-mis'sT-bl, a.- Not capable of be-
tain. [F. imbiber, L. imbibere, f r. in .and bibere, Skr. ing mixed.— Immls'cibiiaty, a. Immit'igable, a. —
pa, to drink.] —
Imbibition, -bish/un, n. Act of 'im- Not capable of being mitigated or appeased.
bibing. — Immot/ile. im-mob'il, a. Incapable of being
Imbitter. im-bit/t5r, v. t. [-tered (-terd), -tering.] moved; fixed; stable. [F.; L. immobilis. See Mo-
To make bitter, make unhappy or grievous; to make bile.]— Immobility, n. Condition or quality of be-
more distressing, render violent, exasperate. ing, etc. — Immod'erate, -Sr-gt, a. Not moderate ;

Imbody, Imbolden, Imbosom, etc. See Embody, Em- not confined to suitable limits; excessive; exorbit-
bolden, etc. ant; unreasonable; extravagant. Immod'erately, —
Imbow, im-bo', v. t. To make like a bow; to arch, adv. — Immod'erateneaB, , n. — Immod'est, a. Not
vault. limited to due bounds; immoderate; wanting in the
Imbricate, im'brT-kat, -cated, a. Bent and hollowed reserve or restraint which4ecorum and decency re-
like a roof or gutter-tile; lying oyer quire; indecorous; shameless; impudent-; indecent;
each other in regular order, like shin- unchaste ; lewd obscene. Immod''eatly, adv.
; — —
Immod'eBty, -est-I, n. Want of modesty ; inde-
fles on a roof. [L. imbricare^-catum, cency unchastity ; want of delicacy or decent re-
o cover with tiles, to form like a gut-
—
;

ter-tile; imbrex, a tile.] Imbrica'tion, — serve. Immor'al, -mor'al, a. Net moral; incon-
n. An overlapping of the edges, like sistent with rectitude contrary to conscience bf the
;

that of tiles or. shingles. divirre law ; vicious unjust ; impure unchaste ;
; ;

Imbroglio, im-brol'vo, n. An intricate profligate abandoned lewd obscene. — Immor''-

; ;

plot; a complicated and embarrassing ally, adv. —

Immoral'ity, -mo-ral'1-tT, n. Quality
i

state of friings. [It., fr. imbrogliare, to ot being immaral; vice; an immoral- act or practice.
entangle, perplex,
.

fr. in(= L. in) and — Immor'tal, -mdr'tal, a. Not mortal