2000-AL

P MATH HONG KONG EXAMINATIONS AUTHORITY

PAPER 2
HONG KONG ADVANCED LEVEL EXAMINATION 2000

PURE MATHEMATICS A-LEVEL PAPER 2

1.30 pm – 4.30 pm (3 hours)

This paper must be answered in English

1. This paper consists of Section A and Section B.

2. Answer ALL questions in Section A and any FOUR questions in Section B.

3. You are provided with one AL(E) answer book and four AL(D) answer books.
Section A : Write your answers in the AL(E) answer book.
Section B : Use a separate AL(D) answer book for each question and put the
question number on the front cover of each answer book.

4. The four AL(D) answer books should be tied together with the green tag provided.
The AL(E) answer book and the four AL(D) answer books must be handed in
separately at the end of the examination.

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2000-AL-P MATH 2–1

 FORMULAS FOR REFERENCE

sin( A ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B

cos( A ± B ) = cos A cos B P sin A sin B
tan A ± tan B
tan( A ± B) =
1 P tan A tan B

A+ B A− B
sin A + sin B = 2 sin cos
2 2
A+ B A− B
sin A − sin B = 2 cos sin
2 2
A+ B A− B
cos A + cos B = 2 cos cos
2 2
A+ B A− B
cos A − cos B = −2 sin sin
2 2

2 sin A cos B = sin( A + B) + sin( A − B)

2 cos A cos B = cos( A + B ) + cos( A − B)
2 sin A sin B = cos( A − B) − cos( A + B)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−2 −1−

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SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section.
Write your answers in the AL(E) answer book.

1. Evaluate ∫ x cos x dx .
2π
Hence evaluate ∫ 0
x | cos x | dx .

(4 marks)

2. Show that for x > 0 , x ≥ 1+ ln x .

Find the necessary and sufficient condition for the equality to hold.
(5 marks)

3. Figure 1 shows the graph of r = 4 sin 3θ where 0 ≤ θ ≤ π . Find the area of

the shaded region.
θ=π
2

Figure 1
(4 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−3 −2− Go on to the next page

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4. Let f and g be differentiable functions defined on R satisfying the following
conditions:
A. f ′( x) = g( x) for x ∈ R ;
B. g ′( x) = − f( x) for x ∈ R ;
C. f(0) = 0 and g(0) = 1 .

By differentiating h(x) = [f( x) − sin x] 2 + [g( x) − cos x] 2 , or otherwise, show

that f( x) = sin x and g( x) = cos x for x ∈ R .
(5 marks)

5. Let k be a positive integer. Evaluate

x
d
(a)
dx ∫ 0
cos t 2 dt ,

y 2k
d
(b)
dy ∫ 0
cos t 2 dt ,

y 2k
1
(c) lim
y →0 y 2k ∫ 0
cos t 2 dt .

(6 marks)

6. Use a suitable integral to evaluate lim  1 + 1 + ... + 1 

n →∞  n + 1 n+2 n+n 
(4 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−4 −3−

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7. The curve in Figure 2 has parametric equations
 x = 2(t − sin t )
 , 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π .
 y = 2(1 − cos t )

O (4π, 0) x
Figure 2

(a) Find the equation of the tangent to the curve at the point where t = π .
2

(b) Find the arc length of the curve.

(6 marks)

 x 2 + bx + c if x≥0,

8. Let f(x) =  sin x
 x + 2 x if x < 0.

(a) If f is continuous at x = 0 , find c .

(b) If f ′(0) exists, find b .

(6 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−5 −4− Go on to the next page

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SECTION B (60 marks)
Answer any FOUR questions in this section. Each question carries 15 marks.
Use a separate AL(D) answer book for each question.

9. Let f ( x) = x .
(1 + x 2 ) 2

(a) Find f ' ( x) and f '' ( x) .

(2 marks)

(b) Determine the values of x for each of the following cases:

(i) f ' ( x) > 0 ,

(ii) f '' ( x) > 0 .

(3 marks)

(c) Find all relative extreme points, points of inflexion and asymptotes of
y = f(x) .
(4 marks)

(d) Sketch the graph of f(x) .

(3 marks)

(e) Let g(x) = |f(x)| .

(i) Does g' (0) exist? Why?

(ii) Sketch the graph of g(x) .

(3 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−6 −5−

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10. The equation of the parabola Γ is y 2 = 4ax .

(a) Find the equation of the normal to Γ at the point (at 2 , 2at ) .
Show that if this normal passes through the point (h, k) , then
at 3 + (2a − h)t − k = 0 .
(4 marks)

2
(b) Suppose the normals to Γ at three distinct points (at1 , 2at1 ) ,
2 2
(at 2 , 2at 2 ) and (at 3 , 2at 3 ) are concurrent. Using the result of (a),
show that t1 + t 2 + t 3 = 0 .
(2 marks)

(c) If the circle x 2 + y 2 + 2 gx + 2 fy + c = 0 intersects Γ at (as1 2 , 2as1 ) ,

(as 2 2 , 2as 2 ) , (as 3 2 , 2as 3 ) and (as 4 2 , 2as 4 ) , show that
s1 + s 2 + s 3 + s 4 = 0 .
(4 marks)

(d) A circle intersects Γ at points A , B , C and D . Suppose A , B and

C are distinct and the normals to Γ at these three points are concurrent.
(i) Show that D is the origin.
(ii) If A , B are symmetric about the x-axis, show that the circle
touches Γ at the origin.
(5 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−7 −6− Go on to the next page

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11. (a) In Figure 3, SR is tangent to the curve y = ln x at x = r , where
r ≥ 2 . By considering the area of PQRS , show that
r + 12
∫ r − 12
ln x dx ≤ ln r .

n
Hence show that ∫ ln x dx ≤ ln(n! ) − 1 ln n for any integer n ≥ 2 .
3
2
2
y
R
y = ln x
S

P Q
1 r 1 x
O 1 r− 2
r+ 2

Figure 3
(5 marks)

(b) By considering the graph of y = ln x and a suitable trapezium, show

r
that for r ≥ 2 , ∫ ln x dx ≥ 1 [ln(r − 1) + ln r ] .
r −1 2
n
Hence show that ∫ ln x dx ≥ ln(n! ) − 1 ln n for any integer n ≥ 2 .
1 2
(4 marks)

(c) Using integration by parts, find ∫ ln x dx .

1 3
n+
2 e− n
Using the results of (a) and (b), deduce that 1 ≤ n ≤  3 
2
e n!  2e 
for any integer n ≥ 2 .
(6 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−8 −7−

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12. (a) Let f be a real-valued function defined on an open interval I , and
f ″(x) ≥ 0 for x ∈ I .

(i) Let a, b, c ∈ I with a < c < b . Using Mean Value Theorem or

f(c ) − f(a ) f(b) − f(c)
otherwise, show that ≤ .
c−a b−c

Hence show that f(c) ≤ b − c f(a ) + c − a f(b) .

b−a b−a

(ii) Let a, b ∈ I with a < b and λ ∈ (0, 1) , show that

a < λa + (1 − λ )b < b .

Hence show that f[λa + (1 − λ )b] ≤ λ f(a ) + (1 − λ ) f(b) .

(8 marks)

(b) Let 0 < a < b . Using (a)(ii) or otherwise, show that

(i) if p > 1 and 0 < λ < 1 , then

[λa + (1 − λ )b] p ≤ λa p + (1 − λ )b p ;

(ii) if 0 < λ < 1 , then λa + (1 − λ )b ≥ a λ b1−λ .

(7 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−9 −8− Go on to the next page

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 x

13. Let n be a positive integer. Define f n ( x) =

∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt
.
1
∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt

(a) (i) Show that f n ( x) is an odd function.

(ii) Find f n ′ ( x) and f n ″ ( x) .

(iii) Sketch the graph of f n ( x) for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

(7 marks)

(b) Using the facts

A. t 3 (1 − t 4 ) n ≤ (1 − t 4 ) n for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 and
3
B. (1 − t 4 ) n ≤ t 3 (1 − t 4 ) n for 0 < x ≤ t ≤ 1 ,
x
(1 − x 4 ) n +1
or otherwise, show that 0 ≤ 1 − f n ( x) ≤ for 0 < x ≤ 1 .
x3
(5 marks)

(c) For each x ∈ [−1, 1] , let g( x) = lim f n ( x) . Evaluate g(x) when

n →∞
0 < x ≤ 1 and when x = 0 respectively.

Sketch the graph of g(x) for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

(3 marks)

2000-AL-P MATH 2−10 −9−

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  x 1
 a + b x
x
14. Let a > b > 0 and define f( x) =  2
 for x>0,
 

 ab for x =0.

(a) (i) Evaluate lim+ f( x) .

x→0

Hence show that f is continuous at x = 0 .

(ii) Show that lim f( x) = a .

x→∞
(6 marks)

(b) Let h(t ) = (1 + t ) ln(1 + t ) + (1 − t ) ln(1 − t ) for 0 ≤ t < 1 and

g( x) = ln f( x) for x ≥ 0 .

(i) Show that h(t) > h(0) for 0 < t < 1 .

x x
(ii) For x > 0 , let t = a x − b x . Show that 0 < t < 1 and
a +b
 x x x x
 
h(t) = 2  a ln a x + b x ln b + ln x 2 x  .
 a + b  a +b 

(iii) Show that for x > 0 ,

x x x x
 
x 2 g ′( x) = a ln a x + b x ln b + ln x 2 x  .
a +b  a +b 
Hence deduce that f(x) is strictly increasing on [0, ∞) .
(9 marks)

END OF PAPER

2000-AL-P MATH 2−11 − 10 −

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2000 Paper 2
Section A

1. ∫ x cos x dx = x sin x + cos x + c

2π
∫ 0
x | cos x | dx = 4π

2. x = ln x + 1 if and only if x = 1 .

3. 4π
3

5. (a) cos x 2

(b) 2ky 2 k −1 cos y 4 k

(c) 1

6. ln 2

7. (a) x − y −π + 4 = 0

(b) 16

8. (a) c=1

(b) b = 2

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(1 + x 2 ) 2 − 2 x(1 + x 2 ) ⋅ 2 x
= 1 − 3 x2 3
2
9. (a) f ′(x) =
(1 + x 2 ) 4 (1 + x )
(1 + x 2 ) 3 (−6 x) − (1 − 3 x 2 ) ⋅ 3(1 + x 2 ) 2 ⋅ 2 x − 12 x(1 − x 2 )
f ″(x) = =
(1 + x 2 ) 6 (1 + x 2 ) 4

(b) (i) f ′(x) > 0 ⇔ 1 − 3x 2 > 0

3 3
⇔ − <x<
3 3

(ii) f ″(x) > 0 ⇔ x(1 − x 2 ) < 0

⇔ x(1 − x)(1 + x ) < 0
⇔ −1 < x < 0 or x > 1

(c) 3 3 3
x (−∞, −1) −1 (−1, − ) − (− , 0) 0
3 3 3

f(x) ↓ −1 ↓ −
3 3
↑ 0
4 16
f ′(x) − − − 0 + +
f ″(x) − 0 + + + 0
3 3 3
x (0, ) ( , 1) 1 (1, ∞)
3 3 3
3 3 1
f(x) ↑ ↓ ↓
16 4
f ′(x) + 0 − − −
f ″(x) − − − 0 +

3 3 3
One relative minimum point: (− ,− ) .
3 16
3 3 3
One relative maximum point: ( , ) .
3 16
1
Three points of inflexion: (−1, − 1 ) , (0, 0) and (1, ) .
4 4
The curve has no vertical asymptotes since f is continuous on R .
 lim f( x) = lim x =0
x→−±∞ x → ±∞ (1 + x 2 ) 2

∴ y = 0 is a horizontal asymptote.

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(d) The graph of f(x) :

y

3 3 3
( , )
3 16 1
(1, )
4

O x
(−1, − 1 )
4
3 3 3
(− ,− )
3 16

−x −0
g( x) − g(0) (1 + x 2 )2 −1
(e) (i)  lim− = lim− = lim− = −1 and
x → 0 (1 + x )
x x 2 2
x →0 x →0

x −0
g( x) − g(0) (1 + x 2 ) 2 1
lim = lim+ = lim+ =1
x →0 + x x →0 x x → 0 (1 + x 2 ) 2

∴ g ′(0) does not exist.

(ii) The graph of g(x) :

y

3 3 3 3 3 3
(− , ) ( , )
1 3 16 3 16 1
(−1, ) (1, )
4 4

O x

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

dy 2 a
10. (a) y 2 = 4ax ⇒ =
dx y
2a 1
Slope of tangent to Γ at (at 2 , 2at ) = =
2at t
∴ Equation of the normal to Γ at (at 2 , 2at ) is
y − 2at
= −t
x − at 2
tx + y − 2at − at 3 = 0

If the normal passes through (h, k) , then

ht + k − 2at − at 3 = 0
at 3 + (2a − h)t − k = 0

(b) Let the normals to Γ at the three points meet at (h, k) .

From (a), t1 , t 2 , t 3 satisfy the equation at 3 + (2a − h)t − k = 0 .
 the three points are distinct
∴ t1 , t 2 , t 3 are the roots of at 3 + (2a − h)t − k = 0
Hence sum of roots = t1 + t 2 + t 3 = 0

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(c)  (as i 2 , 2as i ) , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 , are points on the circle

∴ (as i 2 ) 2 + (2as i ) 2 + 2 g (as i 2 ) + 2 f (2as i ) + c = 0
a 2 s i 4 + 2a (2a + g ) s i 2 + 4afs i + c = 0
Hence s i , i = 1, 2, 3, 4 , are the roots of the equation
a 2 s 4 + 2a (2a + g ) s 2 + 4afs + c = 0
∴ sum of roots = s1 + s 2 + s 3 + s 4 = 0

2 2
(d) Let A , B , C and D be the points (at1 , 2at1 ) , (at 2 , 2at 2 ) ,
2 2
(at 3 , 2at 3 ) and (at4 , 2at4 ) .

(i)  A , B , C and D are the intersection points of a circle and Γ ,

∴ t1 + t 2 + t 3 + t 4 = 0 from (c).
 the normals to Γ at A , B and C are concurrent,
∴ t1 + t 2 + t 3 = 0 from (b).
Hence t 4 = 0 ⇒ D = (0, 0).

(ii) If A , B are symmetric about the x-axis, then

t1 = −t2 ⇒ t1 + t2 = 0
 t1 + t 2 + t 3 = 0
∴ t3 = 0
From (i) , t 3 = t 4 = 0
∴ The circle touches Γ at the origin.

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

11. (a) Area of trapezium PQRS = 1 ( PS + QR) = ln r

2

 area under the curve y = ln x between x = r − 1 and x = r + 1

2 2
≤ area of trapezium PQRS for r ≥ 2
r + 12
Hence ∫ r − 12
ln x dx < ln r for r ≥ 2

For any integer n ≥ 2 ,

r + 12 n + 12
∑ ∫
n
∫ ∫
n
ln x dx = ln x dx − ln x dx
3 r =2 r − 12 n
2

n + 12
∑ ∫
n
≤ ln r − ln n dx ( ln n ≤ ln x for n ≤ x ≤ n + 1 )
r =2 n 2
= ln(n! ) − 1 ln n
2
n
∫ 3
2
ln xdx ≤ ln (n! ) − 1 ln n
2

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(b) Refer to the figure below,

area under the curve y = ln x between x = r − 1 and x = r
≥ area of trapezium ABCD for r ≥ 2
y
C y = ln x

A B
x
O 1 r−1 r

ln x dx ≥ 1 [ln (r − 1) + ln r ]
r
Hence ∫ r −1 2
for r ≥ 2

For any integer n ≥ 2 ,

∑ ∫ ln x dx
n r
∫
n
ln x dx =
1 r =2 r −1

≥ 1 ∑ [ln(r − 1) + ln r ]
n
2 r =2

= ∑ ln r − 1 (ln 1 + ln n)
n
r =1
2
= ln(n! ) − 1 ln n
2

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

∫ ln xdx ∫
1
(c) = x ln x − x( )dx
x
= x ln x − x + c

n
∫
3 3 3
∴ 3
ln xdx = n ln n − n − ln + and
2
2 2 2

∫
n
ln xdx = n ln n − n + 1
1

Using the results of (a) and (b), we have

3 3 3 1
n ln n − n − ln + ≤ ln(n! ) − ln n ≤ n ln n − n + 1
2 2 2 2
3 3 3 1
− ln + ≤ ln(n! ) − ln n − n ln n + n ≤ 1
2 2 2 2
3 3  1
(1 − ln ) ≤ ln(n! ) −  n +  ln n + n ≤ 1
2 2  2
3 2e  1
ln ≤ ln(n! ) −  n +  ln n + n ln e ≤ ln e
2 3  2
 e x is strictly increasing
3

∴  2e  2 ≤ n! ≤e
 
 3  n+
1
−n
n 2 e
1
n+ 3
1 ≤ n e −n ≤  3  2
2
 
e n!  2e 

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

12. (a) (i) By Mean Value Theorem, there exists ξ 1 ∈ (a, c ) and ξ 2 ∈ (c, b)
such that
f(c) − f(a ) f(b) − f(c )
= f ′(ξ 1 ) and = f ′(ξ 2 ) .
c−a b−c
 f ″(x) ≥ 0 for x ∈ I
∴ f ′ is increasing on I
 a < ξ1 < c < ξ 2 < b
∴ f ′(ξ 1 ) ≤ f ′(ξ 2 )
f(c) − f(a) f(b) − f(c)
≤
c−a b−c

(b − c)[f(c) − f( a )] ≤ (c − a )[f(b) − f(c)]

[(b − c) + (c − a )] f(c) ≤ (b − c) f(a ) + (c − a ) f(b)
b−c c−a
f(c) ≤ f( a ) + f(b)
b−a b−a

(ii)  λa + (1 − λ )b = a + (1 − λ )(b − a) > a and

λa + (1 − λ )b = b − λ (b − a) < b
∴ a < λa + (1 − λ )b < b

Let c = λa + (1 − λ )b , then c ∈ (a, b) .

Using the result of (a)(i),
f[λa + (1 − λ )b] = f(c)
b−c c−a
≤ f(a ) + f(b)
b−a b−a
λ (b − a) (1 − λ )(b − a)
= f( a) + f(b)
b−a b−a
= λ f( a ) + (1 − λ ) f(b)

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(b) (i) Let g(x) = x p for x > 0 .

Then g ″(x) = px p −1 ≥ 0 .
From (a)(ii) and for 0 < a < b , 0 < λ < 1 ,
[λa + (1 − λ )b] p ≤ λa p + (1 − λ )b p

(ii) Let h(x) = − ln x for x > 0 .

1
Then h ″(x) = 2 ≥ 0 .
x
From (a)(ii) and for 0 < a < b , 0 < λ < 1 ,
− ln[λa + (1 − λ )b] ≤ λ[− ln a ] + (1 − λ )[− ln b]
ln[λa + (1 − λ )b] ≥ λ ln a + (1 − λ ) ln b
ln[λa + (1 − λ )b] ≥ ln a λ b1−λ
λa + (1 − λ )b ≥ a λ b1−λ ( e x is increasing)

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

−x

13. (a) (i)  f n (− x) =

∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt
1
∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt

∫ (1 − (−u)
x
− 4 n
) du
0
= 1
(putting t = −u )
∫ (1 − t )
4 n
dt
0

= − f n ( x)
∴ f n ( x) is an odd function.

(1 − x 4 ) n
(ii) f n ′ ( x) = 1
∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt

− 4nx 3 (1 − x 4 ) n −1
f n ″ ( x) = 1
∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt

(iii) For 0 < x < 1 , f n ′ ( x) > 0 and f n ″ ( x) < 0 .

f n (0) = 0 , f n (1) = 1 , f n ′ (1) = 0 f n ″ (0) = 0 and f n ″ (1) = 0 .

The graph of f n ( x) for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 .

y

1
fn(1/2)

−1
O 1/2 1 x

−1

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(b) 1 − f n ( x) =
∫ x
(1 − t 4 ) n dt
1
∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt

When 0 < x ≤ 1 , 1 − f n ( x) ≥ 0 since (1 − t 4 ) n ≥ 0 for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1 .

Again for 0 < x ≤ 1 ,

t3
(1 − t 4 ) n ≤ 3
(1 − t 4 ) n for 0 < x ≤ t ≤ 1
x
1 1 t3
⇒ ∫ x
(1 − t 4 ) n dt ≤ ∫ x x 3
(1 − t 4 ) n dt
1
1  (1 − t 4 ) n +1 
= 3 − 
x  4(n + 1)  x
(1 − x 4 ) n +1
=
4(n + 1) x 3
t 3 (1 − t 4 ) n ≤ (1 − t 4 ) n for 0 ≤ t ≤ 1
1 1
⇒ ∫ 0
(1 − t 4 ) n dt ≥ ∫ 0
t 3 (1 − t 4 ) n dt
1
 (1 − t 4 ) n +1 
= − 
 4(n + 1)  0
1
=
4(n + 1)
(1 − x 4 ) n +1 (1 − x 4 ) n+1
Hence 1 − f n ( x) ≤ ⋅ 4(n + 1) =
4(n + 1) x 3 x3

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(c) For each x ∈ ( 0, 1 ]

(1 − x 4 ) n +1
 0 ≤ 1 − f n ( x) ≤ 3
and lim (1 − x 4 ) n +1 = 0
x n →∞

∴ lim [1 − f n ( x)] = 0 by sandwich principle

n →∞
⇒ g(x) = 1 for 0 < x ≤ 1 .

 f n (0) = 0 for all n

∴ g(0) = 0

Using that fact that f n ( x ) is an odd function,

the graph of g(x) for −1 ≤ x ≤ 1 is sketched below.
y

−1
O 1 x

−1

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

1
 ax +bx x
14. (a) (i) lim+ f( x) = lim+  
x→0 x →0  2 
 
1
 ax +bx x  x 
 for x > 0 , ln y = 1 ln a + b
x
Let y =  
 2  x  2 
  
 ax +bx 
ln 
 2 
 
lim+ ln y = lim+
x→0 x→0 x
a x ln a + b x ln b
= lim+ by L’Hospital rule
x→0 ax +bx
ln a + ln b
=
2
= ln ab
∴ lim f( x) = ab
x→0+

 lim f( x) = f(0) and f is defined on [0, ∞]

x→0+
∴ f is continuous at x = 0 .

1
 ax +bx x
(ii) lim f( x) = lim  
x→∞ x→∞ 2 
 
1
−
1
  b x  x
= lim 2 x a 1 +   
x→∞   a  
1
−
= a ( lim 2 x = 1 and
x →∞
1 1  b 
x

  b x  x ln 1+   
x  a 
lim 1 +    = lim e  =1)
   
x→∞  a x →∞

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(b) (i) For 0 < t < 1 ,

h(t ) = (1 + t ) ln(1 + t ) + (1 − t ) ln(1 − t )
h′(t) = 1 + ln(1 + t ) − 1 − ln(1 − t )
1+ t 
= ln  >0
 1− t 
Hence h(t) is strictly increasing on (0, 1) .
 h is continuous at t = 0 ,
∴ h(t) > h(0) for 0 < t < 1 .

ax −bx
(ii) Let t = .
ax +bx
 0 < ax −bx < ax +bx
∴ 0<t<1
2a x  2a x  x  2b x 
h(t) = x ln   + 2b ln  
a + b x  a x + b x  ax +bx  ax +bx
 


2a x  2  2b x   2 
= x 
ln a x + ln x  + x ln b + ln x
x

a +b 
x
 a +bx  a + b x   a +bx 
 a x ln a x + b x ln b x  2 
= 2 + ln x x 
 a +b
x x
 a + b 

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2000 Paper 2
Section B

(iii) For x > 0 ,

1  a x + b x 

g( x) = lnf( x) = ln
x  2 

f ′( x) 1 a x ln a + b x ln b 1  a x + b x 
g′(x) = = ⋅ − 2 ln 
f( x) x ax +bx  2 
x  
x(a x ln a + b x ln b)  ax +bx 
x 2 g ′( x) = − ln 
a +b
x x  2 
 
a ln a x + b x ln b x
x
 2 
= + ln x 
a +b
x x
 a +b 
x

ax −bx
Now, 2 x 2 g ′( x) = h(t ) where t = .
ax +bx
 0<t<1
∴ h(t) > h(0) = 0
 2 x 2 > 0 for x > 0
∴ g ′( x) > 0 for x > 0

 f(x) = e g( x )
f ′(x) = e g( x ) g ′( x)
∴ f ′(x) > 0 for x > 0
 f is continuous at x = 0 by (a)(i)
∴ f is strictly increasing on [0, ∞).

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