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Science
Quarter 3, Wk 2 - Module 2
(What Happens When Volcanoes Erupt?)

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 What I Know

Pre-test
Directions: Choose and write the letter of your answer in the
space provided before each number.

_____1.What do you call the release of magma from a volcano?

a. Eruption b. Earthquake c. Hotspot d. Epicenter

_____2. Which of the following materials from a volcano determines its explosiveness?
a. color b.silica content c. water vapor d. tephra

_____3. What factor is associated with huge volcanic eruptions that may cause the decrease
in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
a. heat b. light c. acid rain d. volcanic ash

_____4.The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions
have influences on climate. Which volcanic gases can cause global cooling and
has the potential to promote global warming?
a. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide c. carbon monoxide and sulfur
b. oxygen and hydrogen peroxide d. argon and silicon carbide

_____5. Which of the following is NOT one of the materials ejected or released from a
volcano during an eruption?
a. Silicon dioxide c. Potassium
b. Oxygen d. Phosphorus

_____6. Which of the following is oneof the gases released during a volcanic eruption?
a. Sulfur dioxide c. Oxygen
b. Hydrogen peroxide d. Carbon monoxide

_____7.What is the other term for volcanic ash and are made of tiny fragments of rock and
minerals?
a. Pyroclastics c. Tephra
b. Smoke d. Lava

_____8. Which of the following statements is CORRECTabout magma and lava?

a. Magma and lava are the same.
b. Magma refers to the molten materials that are still inside the volcano, while Lava
is the molten material that reaches the Earth’s surface.
c. Magma refers to the molten materials that reached the Earth’s surface, while
Lava is the molten materials that are still inside the volcano.
d. Magma and Lava are composed of entirely different materials

_____9 .What nutrient is responsible for soil fertility after volcanic eruption.
a. Potassium b. Selenium c. Calcium d. Iron

_____10. What is the common health problem during volcanic eruption?

a. Fever b. Respiratory illness c. Cancer d. Liver cirrhosis

_____11. Volcanic eruption can have both positive and negative effects. Which of the
following statements below describes the positive effects of volcanic eruption?
a. Destruction of properties. c. People are left homeless
 b. Loss of lives. d. Produce very rich soils for farming.

_____12.It’s summer and you have been planning to take a vacation in Naga City in Bicol
where your grandparents live so you bought a bus ticket early. While you were still
in Manila a few days before your scheduled trip, you saw the news on TV that Mt.
Mayon in Albay has erupted and thousands of people were evacuated. Is it safe
for you to still go on vacation in Naga?
a. Yes, because Mayon is a 2-3 hour drive from Naga. The lava can’t go that far and
based on its past eruptions the people in Albay are the ones mainly affected but
be prepared to encounter some traces of ash.
b. Yes, because Mayon is too far for the pyroclastic flow to reach Naga and the bus
will never pass through Albay anyway so it’s safe to take the trip.
c. No, because the ashes will surely be flown by the wind and will eventually reach
Naga, thus, ruining your vacation.
d. No, because the eruption can continue for weeks.

______13. Why do people near a volcano need to evacuate before it erupts?

I. Hot lava can spew out in gentle streams or can erupt violently into the air.
II. Death and serious injury to people and animals may result from burns and
inhalation of hot ash and gases.
III.After erupting from the volcano, hot lava will solidify instantly once an
object gets in its way as it flows trapping anything in its path.
IV. The extreme temperatures of rocks and gas inside pyroclastic flows can
cause combustible material to burn.
a. I and II only c. III and IV only
b. I, II and IV only d. II, III and IV only

______14. How can volcanoes affect the lives of people in a positive way or in a way that is
beneficial to us?
a. Many businesses will operate during volcanic eruption.
b. Ash ejected by the volcano is good for the health.
c. Habitats and landscapes are damaged by lava flows.
d. Heat energy from volcanoes is used to generate electricity known as
geothermal energy.

______15. Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. Which of the
following statements below describes the negative effects of volcanic eruption?

a. Volcanoes attract many tourists, who enjoy the dramatic scenery that they
produce.
b. Volcanic eruptions cause health problems, loss of lives and properties.
c. Ash ejected by the volcano acts as a good fertilizer for soils.
d. People became more creative by making earthenware out of the ash fall.
Lesson What Happens When Volcanoes
1 Erupt?

What I Need to Know

After successfully completing this lesson, you are expected to:

1. Identify the different materials that come out from the volcano.
2. Explain what happens when volcanoes erupt.
 What’s In

In the previous module, you learned about the different types of

volcanoes based on shape of the cone and volcanic eruptions. Do the activity
below to recall the important concepts of the previous module.

Directions: Complete the concept map below on types of

volcanoes and its eruptive styles. Select your answer the from the
word box.

Phreatomagmatic Cinder cone Plinian

Vulcanian Shield
Composite Strombolian Phreatic
 What’s New

Activity A - Materials Ejected from a Volcano

Directions: Find and encircle the scattered words below in the word puzzle
box.

L S T Y U I L O T L M G W O L
A A M L T Y C V F E Q H A R T
V G S R L T G J L S P N T S Y
A S H F A L L D F G H H E T S
K Z Q W D G V A S S W V R S D
L V P N V Y A C S F V D V A F
S B H D F K L I Y P L F A Q C
M N O Q Y Y L L L M L G P A G
O M S Z A A Q I C V D V O W H
K A P O T A S S I U M B R C S
E Z H D F G H J K L W C D V A
C Q O M N B V D A A S G R B W
C A R B O N D I O X I D E M E
V B U D F G H J K S D Q Z N R
N B S U L F U R D I O X I D E

Activity B - How do volcanic eruptions affect the society?

 For you to have a clearer view on how volcanic eruptions affect our
society, do the activity below.

Match column A with the correct answer on column B, write only the
letter of answer on the blank provided at the right side.

Column A Column B

_____1. Amazing land formation are formed A.

(En. Wikipedia.org)

____________ 2.Damage of ecosystem and wildlife B.

(national park service)

______3. Roads are unpassable C.

(pxfuel)

_____________ 4.Cities and towns are wipe out D..

(nps.gov.)

______5. Volcanic material contribute E.

soil fertility

(public domain picture)

What Is It
 Volcanoes considered as high threat or very high threat to public safety. Many
of our volcanoes in Philippines have erupted in the past and will erupt again in the
future. As the population increases many areas near the volcanoes are being used
as residential area, tourist spots and farm lands.

Have you personally been to Albay or Tagaytay? Have you actually seen
Mayon Volcano or Taal Volcano? Have you ever seen a live volcanic eruption? How
did you feel? Have you ever wondered what comes out of a volcano when it erupts?
If you haven’t, would you like to see an erupting volcano in full view or at least see a
real volcano in person?

Volcanic eruption refers to the release of magma from a volcano. The term
“magma” refers to the molten materials that are still inside the volcano. When these
molten materials are being ejected or reached into the surface, it is then called “lava”.

Magma Lava

https://www.needpix.com/photo/678345/lava-volcanic- https://pixabay.com/photos/lava-magma-volcanic-eruption-
crust-molten-window-hot-heat-hawaii-usa glow-67574/
Figure 1 Figure 2

When volcanoes erupt it ejects different materials into the Earth’s surface;

 It releases lava, which is made of molten materials that reach the

surface of the earth.

 Lava contains different elements and compounds. One of the

compounds it contains is Silica or chemically known as silicon dioxide
which greatly influences the lava’s viscosity. Thesilica content of the
lava determines the volcano’s explosiveness.

 Lava also contains useful elements like potassium and phosphorus

which has a positive effect in farming because it promotes soil fertility.

 In any type volcanic eruption, may it be violent or not, volcanoes

release smoke. The smoke is a mix of different gases like water vapor,
carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen sulphide. These gases
that are ejected during volcanic eruptions have influences on climate.
sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling and carbon dioxide can cause
an increase in the atmospheric temperature contributing to global
warming.


Aside from smoke, volcanoes also release volcanic ashreferred to as “
tephra” which are made of tiny fragments of rock and minerals. In
some huge volcanic eruptions, volcanic ash fall may cause the
decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years.
How do volcanic eruptions affect the society? It can have a devastating effect
on people and the environment. However, unlike earthquakes, volcanoes can also
have a positive impact on an area. These positive impacts can help to explain why
people choose to live near volcanoes.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Volcanic Eruption

Advantage
 Soil Fertility
It supply nutrient to the soil. Volcanic
ash usually holds minerals that are
useful to the plants. The fertility of
jpl.nasa.gov
soil is due to the released of potassium
Figure 3
and phosphorus
 Atmospheric Cooling
As volcano erupts it releases ash
and sulphur gas into the stratosphere.
The presence of these materials in the
atmosphere result to cooling of the
atmosphere which desirable for the
Figure 4
people.
 Land Formation
When volcano erupts it releases lava from the earth surface. And
when these materials cools off and solidify, it forms different
spectacular landforms.
 Tourism
The spectacular scenery created by volcanic eruptions attracts
tourists. This brings income to an area.
 Raw material
Volcanic material can be made in to blocks for construction purposes.
People became creative also by making pots out of the ashfall from
the volcanic eruption
Disadvantages
 Pollution
Volcanoes produce a wide variety of hazards that can kill and damage
any life forms .This include air pollution, water pollution and land
pollution.
Land pollution
- Death
Many lives can be lost as a result of a volcanic eruption
- Destruction
Lava flows at different areas near the volcano, and extremely
damage properties, destroy crops and plantation and natural landscape
are destroyed forever.

Water pollution
- Tsunami
 During a volcanic eruption earthquake happen, and this might
trigger a tsunami especially the fault line near the ocean floor.
- Water contamination
Air Pollution
- Respiratory Problem
Ash and smoke that can lead to irritation of respiratory tract.
 Global Warming
During volcanic eruption mixture of greenhouse gases expelled in to
the air. These gases influenced to heating of the earth surface which
result to global warming.

What’s More

Have you heard about the damage caused by the eruption of Mount Pinatubo in
Zambales? The eruption of Pinatubo in 1991, one of the longest volcanic eruptions, has
caused the decrease in the Earth’s surface temperature for almost two years. The strong
winds during its eruption spread the aerosol particles from the plume around the globe. The
result was a measurable cooling of the Earth’s surface for a period of almost two years.

Is it possible for volcanic eruptions to affect our climate in the Philippines or other
parts of the world? Volcanoes can impact climate change because volcanic gases like sulfur
dioxide can cause global cooling, while volcanic carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas, has the
potential to promote global warming.

The following statements below are the effects of volcanic eruption. Now, I want you
to identify the following statements if it is a positive or a negative effect of volcanic eruption.
Draw a happy face if the statement shows apositive effect and a

sad face for negative effects.

______________________1.Man-made and natural landscapes can be destroyed.

______________________2.The steam that is released during an eruption can be used to
generate electricity.
______________________3.The beautiful scenery created by the eruptions attracts tourists.
______________________4.When ash and mud from the eruption are mixed with rainwater
it triggerflashflood.
______________________5. The lava and ash from the eruption breaks down to provide
valuable nutrients for the soil.
______________________ 6. Ash deposits destroyed plants and insufficiency of sunlight.
______________________ 7. Volcanic eruption also released poisonous gases.
______________________ 8. The lava flow and mud-flows destroy property.
________________________9. Building materials like Granite, which is used in the
construction industry, is formed by volcanic eruption.
______________________ 10. Countless lives will be lost due to eruption.
 What I Have Learned

The table below are consisting of statements that show activities that
happen during volcanic eruption. Now, I want you to provide other effects on
every volcanic activity below. Write your answer on the blank provided.

How Do People Affected by Volcanic Eruption?

Volcanic Activities Effects

(1) (2)
The lava deposited in the  Provide valuable nutrients for the
agricultural land soil.
 ___________________________

Lava and lahars flows to the  Damage of properties

residential area  ___________________________

Livestock inhale volcanic ash  Difficulty of breathing

Volcanoes also release large
amounts of greenhouse gases
such as water vapor and carbon
dioxide. 
Heavy ash fall reached in the
city
 ___________________________

 Global Warming
 ___________________________
 Railroad traffic
 __________________________

The magma brings pressure on  Movement of fault line

the rocks until it breaks the rock.  ___________________________

Beautiful land formation is  Tourism

created after volcanic eruption  ___________________________
What I Can Do

Choose from the word box and complete the concept map below. Some of the
answers are already given to serve as your guide. Your answers can be witten in any
order.

Lava Phosphorus Carbon dioxide Tephra

Soil Fertility Global warming Tourism Smoke

Respiratory problems Raw Material Hydrogen sulphide Tsunami

Water vapour Sulfur dioxide Oxygen Death

Summary
 Volcanic eruption refers to the release of magma from a volcano. The term
“magma” refers to the molten materials that are still inside the volcano. When
these molten materials are being ejected or reached into the surface, it is then
called “lava”.
 When a volcano erupts, it releases lava, which is made of molten materials that
reach the surface of the earth.
 Lava contains different elements and compounds. One of the compounds it
contains is Silica or chemically known as silicon dioxide which greatly influences
the lava’s viscosity. The silica content of the lava determines the volcano’s
explosiveness.
 Lava also contains useful elements like potassium and phosphorus which has a
positive effect in farming because it promotes soil fertility.
 During volcanic eruption, volcanoes release smoke. The smoke is a mix of
different gases like water vapor, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and hydrogen
sulphide. These gases that are ejected during volcanic eruptions have influences
on climate. sulfur dioxide can cause global cooling and carbon dioxide can cause
an increase in the atmospheric temperature contributing to global warming.
 Aside from smoke, volcanoes also release volcanic ash referred to as “tephra”
which are made of tiny fragments of rock and minerals. In some huge volcanic
eruptions, volcanic ash fall may cause the decrease in the Earth’s average
temperature for a few years.
 Volcanoes are a sight to behold. But even with their magnificent natural beauty,
they can cause severe damage to properties and harmful effects to our
environment like the ones that happened to our country in the past.
 Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. It can cause health
problems, loss of lives and properties. As the lava flows or pyroclastic materials
are ejected in the air, they can destroy anything on their way.
 The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic
eruptions have influences on climate. Most of the particles spewed from
volcanoes cool the planet by shading incoming solar radiation. The cooling effect
can last for months to years depending on the characteristics of the eruption.
Volcanoes have also caused global warming over millions of years during times
in Earth’s history when extreme amounts of volcanism occurred, releasing
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
 Despite the catastrophic effects of volcanic eruptions and its massive damages to
lives and properties, it does have good aspects such providing fertile soils and
also offering us beautiful and breathtaking sceneries.
 Assessment: (Post-Test)

Post-test
Directions: Choose and write the letter of your answer in the
space provided before each number.

_____1.What do you call the release of magma from a volcano?

a. Epicentre b. Earthquake c. Hotspot d. Eruption

_____2. Which of the following materials from a volcano determines its explosiveness?
a. water vapor b.color c. silica content d. tephra

_____3. What factor is associated with huge volcanic eruptions that may cause the decrease
in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years?
a. heat b. volcanic ash c. acid rain d. light

_____4.The gases and dust particles thrown into the atmosphere during volcanic eruptions
have influences on climate. Which volcanic gases can cause global cooling and
has the potential to promote global warming?
a. argon and silicon carbide c. carbon monoxide and sulfur
b. oxygen and hydrogen peroxide d. sulfur dioxide and carbon dioxide

_____5.Which of the following is NOT one of the materials ejected or released from a
volcano during an eruption?
a. Potassium c. Silicon dioxide
b. Oxygen d. Phosphorus

_____6.Which of the following is one of the gases released during a volcanic eruption?
a. Oxygen c. Hydrogen peroxide
b. Carbon dioxide d. Carbon monoxide

_____7.What is the other term for volcanic ash and are made of tiny fragments of rock and
minerals?
a. Tephra b. Pyroclastics c. Smoke d. Lava

_____8. Which of the following statements is CORRECT about magma and lava?
a. Magma and lava are the same.
b. Magma refers to the molten materials that reached the Earth’s surface, while Lava
is the molten materials that are still inside the volcano.
c. Magma refers to the molten materials that are still inside the volcano, while Lava is
themolten material that reaches the Earth’s surface.
d. Magma and Lava are composed of entirely different materials

_____9 . What nutrient is responsible for soil fertility after volcanic eruption?
a. Iron b. Selenium c. Calcium d. Potassium

_____10. What is the common health problem during volcanic eruption?

a. Fever b. Liver cirrhosis c. Cancer d. Respiratory illness

_____11. Volcanic eruption can have both positive and negative effects. Which of the
following statements below describes the positive effects of volcanic eruption?
a. Produce very rich soils for farming. c. Loss of lives.
b. Destruction of properties. d. People are left homeless

13
_____12.It’s summer and you have been planning to take a vacation in Naga City in Bicol
where your grandparents live so you bought a bus ticket early. While you were still
in Manila a few days before your scheduled trip, you saw the news on TV that Mt.
Mayon in Albay has erupted and thousands of people were evacuated. Is it safe
for you to still go on vacation in Naga?
a. Yes, because Mayon is a 2-3 hour drive from Naga. The lava can’t go that far and
based on its past eruptions the people in Albay are the ones mainly affected but
be prepared to encounter some traces of ash.
b. Yes, because Mayon is too far for the pyroclastic flow to reach Naga and the bus
will never pass through Albay anyway so it’s safe to take the trip.
c. No, because the eruption can continue for weeks.
d. No, because the ashes will surely be flown by the wind and will eventually reach
Naga, thus, ruining your vacation.

______13. Why do people near a volcano need to evacuate before it erupts?

I. Hot lava can spew out in gentle streams or can erupt violently into the air.
II. Death and serious injury to people and animals may result from burns and
inhalation of hot ash and gases.
III.After erupting from the volcano, hot lava will solidify instantly once an
object gets in its way as it flows trapping anything in its path.
IV. The extreme temperatures of rocks and gas inside pyroclastic flows can
cause combustible material to burn.
a. II, III and IV only c. I, II and IV only
b. III and IV only d. I and II only

______14. How can volcanoes affect the lives of people in a positive way or in a way that is
beneficial to us?
a. Many businesses will operate during volcanic eruption.
b. Ash ejected by the volcano is good for the health.
c. Heat energy from volcanoes is used to generate electricity known as
geothermal energy.
d. Habitats and landscapes are damaged by lava flows.

______15. Volcanic eruption is often associated with negative effects. Which of the
following statements below describes the negative effects of volcanic eruption?

a. Volcanoes attract many tourists, who enjoy the dramatic scenery that they
produce.
b. Ash ejected by the volcano acts as a good fertilizer for soils.
c. Volcanic eruptions cause health problems, loss of lives and properties.
d. People became more creative by making earthenware out of the ash fall.

14
 Key to Answers

Pre Test Post Test

1. A 1. D
2. B 2. C
3. D 3. B
4. A 4. D
5. B 5. C
6. A 6. B
7.C 7. A
8. B 8. C
9. A 9. D
10. B 10. D
11. D 11. A
12. C 12. D
13. B 13. C
14. D 14. C
15. B 15. C

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